#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# This is how the str function works when given an int argument.
#----------------------------------------------------------------------

def IntToStr(N):                                    # N is the number for which we want a printable string.
    S = ""                                          # String S is where we will be building the string result.
    Negative = (N < 0)                              # Will be True if N<0, False otherwise.
    N = abs(N)                                      # Make sure N >= 0 for the while-loop.

    while (N > 0):                                  # As long as N isn't zero yet...
        Remainder = N % 10                          # ...carve off the right decimal digit of N, then...
        N = N // 10                                 # ...shift N right by one decimal digit, then...
        Digit = chr(ord("0") + Remainder)           # ...convert the remainder digit into a character, and...
        S = Digit + S                               # ...add the character to the left end of string S.

    if S == "": S = "0"                             # If N was 0, S would still be empty, so we need to correct for that.
    if Negative: S = "-" + S                        # If N was originally negative add a minus sign to the string S.
    return S                                        # Return the resulting string.

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# This is how we can convert an int N to a string for some other base
# than base 10.
#----------------------------------------------------------------------

def IntToStrBases(N,Base=10):
    S = ""
    Negative = (N < 0)
    N = abs(N)

    while (N > 0):                                  # As long as N isn't zero yet...
        Remainder = N % Base                        # ...carve off the right digit of N in the target base, then...
        N = N // Base                               # ...shift N right by one digit in the target base, then...
        if Remainder > 9:                           # ...if the digit is not in 0...9, we...
            Digit = chr(ord("A") + Remainder - 10)  # ...use the letters starting at "A"
        else:                                       # ...otherwise the digit is in 0...9, so...
            Digit = chr(ord("0") + Remainder)       # ...convert it as we did before, and...
        S = Digit + S                               # ...add the character to the left end of string S.

    if S == "": S = "0"
    if Negative: S = "-" + S    
    return S