REVIEW FOR MIDTERM #1

Data types
	Integer (-5, 0, 27, 1000000000)
	Floating point (-5.1, 0.0, 27.4E-34, 1.0E+308)
	Long Integer (1L, or any integer >= 2**31)
	Complex (3-4j)
	String "hello"
	List [3, "frog", 2+5, [3, 8], "goat"]
	Tuple (3, "frog", 2+5, [3, 8], "goat")
	"Mutable" vs. "Immutable" types

Variables
	Case sensitive
	Start with letter, may contain digits
	Data type depends on value assigned
	Data type may change as program runs
	Format:   var = expression
	Examples:
		X = 0
		Frog = X * 15.0
		X = X + 1
		L = [1, 2, 3]
		T = (4, 5, 6, 7)

Operations on Data
	Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide, Exponentiation
	Order of Operations (**, * and /, + and -)
	Integer Divide vs. Floating-Point Divide
	Concatenating Strings by "adding" them
	Initializing a List
	Empty list: []
	Accessing an item in a list (indexing starts at zero)
	Changing an item in a list
	Initializing a String
		Double-Quote
		Single-Quote
		Triple-Double-Quote (span line breaks)
	Accessing a character in a string (indexing starts at zero)
	Accessing an item in a tuple (indexing starts at zero)
	The "len" function for Strings, Tuples, and Lists

Python Program Structure
	Interactive Mode vs. Program Mode
	Statements
		Comments  (start with #)
		Indentation
		Flow of control
		Assignment (variable = expression)
		The "print" statement
		The "pass" statement
		Comparisons (used in if/elif/while)
			Equality	==
			Inequality	<> or !=
			Less-Than	<
			Less-Equal	<=
			Greater-Than	>
			Greater-Equal	>=
			Set Membership	in
	Selections
		if (?):
		elif (?):
		else:
	Loops
		while (?):
		for variable in range(N):
		for variable in getPixels(Canvas):
	Functions
		Functions and Function Calls
			Calling a function multiple times with different actual parameters
			Passing the result of a function to another function or assigning it to a variable
			Passing a function as a parameter to another function
		Predefined Python Functions
			len(string)
			len(list)
			range(N)
			range(N1,N2)
			range(N1,N2,N3)
			math.sqrt(N)
		User Defined Functions
			def Name (parameter,parameter,....,parameter):
			"return x" vs. "return"
			Formal Parameters vs. Actual Parameters
	Importing Packages
		import random
			random.random()
			random.randrange(n)
		import time
			time.sleep(n)
	Advanced Coding Idea (statements on the same line as a keyword ending in colon)
		if (?): statement
		elif (?): statement
		else: statement
		while (?): statement
	List Comprehensions (simple form)
		[X for X in range(10)]
		[math.sqrt(X) for X in range(1,50,3)]
JES Environment
	Functions
		requestInteger(message)
		requestIntegerInRange(message,low,high)
		requestNumber(message)
		showInformation(message)
		pickAFile()
	Canvasses
		Canvas = makeEmptyPicture(width,height,color)
		Canvas = makePicture(filename)
		show(Canvas)
		repaint(Canvas)

		getColor(pixel)		setColor(pixel,color)
		getRed(pixel)		setRed(pixel,value)
		getGreen(pixel)		setGreen(pixel,value)
		getBlue(pixel)		setBlue(pixel,value)

		setAllPixelsToAColor(Canvas,color)

		for pixel in getPixels(Canvas):

		for x in range(getWidth(Canvas)):
		    for y in range(getHeight(Canvas)):
		        pixel = getPixel(Canvas,x,y)

		addLine(Canvas,x1,y1,x2,y2,color)
		addOvalFilled(Canvas,x,y,width,height,color)
		addRectFilled(Canvas,x,y,width,height,color)

		black, white, red, green, blue, yellow, cyan, magenta

Questions
	How do you print out numbers and square roots between 0 and 100?

	How do you convert an existing image to:
		Black and White
		Gray Scale
		Red-Green-Blue (8 colors)
		Brighter
		Darker
		Brighter Green
		...

	How do you design centered circles and squares with existing functions?

	How do you bounce a box/ball around screen?