Kammerling Alm is located at 1300 meters elevation, east of Weissbach, Austria, just west of the Berchtesgaden border. It is roughly 1 kilometer by 300 meters and contains eight huts. The first three are on a ridge around 200 meters after entering the alm while ascending. Three huts, including the hut where Christian Wagner, Claudia Schütz and I stayed, are located half way between the ridge and the far end of the alm. Two huts are located at the far end of the alm. The alm is quite steep and surrounded by spruce forest.

On April 23, we came into the alm around 7:30 PM. A Ring Ouzel (RZAU01) was singing from a leafless deciduous tree behind the first houses on the ridge. The next morning a bird (RZAU02) sang different songs from a spruce next to the deciduous tree.

On April 24, from 5:40 to 7:42 PM, over 10 birds were observed at the far end of the alm. The weather included snow and hail, but good recordings were made of five individuals (RZAU06, 08, 09, 10 and 11) which were moving around between the edge of the spruce forest and three spruces in the alm. At one point, three males and a female were in one of the trees in the isolated three spruces, and one of the males, (RZAU06) sang for several minutes. RZAU11 sang from a perch just inside the spruce forest and was recorded at two different times, 6:15 and 7:40 PM, both times partially during a snow storm.

The morning of the 25th we observed a large flock of Ring Ouzels, more than 20, flying around the alm. We estimated that there were 40 to 50 Ring Ouzels in the alm at that time. As we left around 11 AM, a new bird, RZAU19, was singing near the houses on the ridge near where RZAU01 and 02 sang.

Two weeks later, in the late afternoon of May 7, Gustavo Rodriguez and I returned to the alm to see how the situation had changed. We observed five locations with Ring Ouzels. A bird (RZAU16) was singing in the area before the ridge where RZAU15 had sung two weeks before. A male Ring Ouzel was observed perched near the houses on the ridge, but did not sing. Three different birds (RZAU01, RZAU02, and RZAU19) had sung there two weeks before. A bird was heard but not recorded below the road beyond the ridge. A bird (RZAU17) sang above the road after the ridge, above the middle huts. Another bird (RZAU06), well recorded two weeks before had taken over the spruce forest territory of another vociferous singer, RZAU11. It is possible that RZAU17, recorded May 7, is the same as RZAU15, recorded April 25 in an area adjacent to the RZAU15 location. See the first three song types of RZAU15 and RZAU17. Thus, either one or two of the three birds recorded singing from territories May 7 had been recorded singing two weeks before. I assume that the other birds had moved up slope to their breeding territories.