%  		Bibliography of Work in Philosophy of Language,feb
% 		Semantics, Artificial Intelligence, and Assorted
% 		Related Topics.
%
% 		Author: R.H. Thomason
% 		Date of this version: Oct. 19, 2002
%
% 		Send additions, corrections, and comments to
% 		rich@thomason.org
%
% 		Note: I am always interested in BibTeX formated
% 		bibligraphies on related topics.
%
%		Thanks to the following people for material: Jon Doyle,
% 		Jeff Horty, Matthew Stone.
%
% Notes:
% 1. The following LaTeX macro appears in some references.
%      \newcommand{\user}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{{\~{}}}} 
% 2. The following package is needed for \rotatebox command, used
%    in one title: \usepackage{graphicx} 
%

@book{ aaker:1981a,
  author = {David A. Aaker},
  title = {Multivariate Analysis in Marketing},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {The Scientific Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Palo Alto},
  topic = {multivariate-statistics;market-research;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ abbott_b:1974a,
  author = {Barbara Abbott},
  title = {Some Problems in Giving an Adequate Model-Theoretical
  	Account of {CAUSE}},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ abbott_b:1974b,
  author = {Barbara Abbott},
  title = {Some Remarks Concerning {H}intikka's Theory of Propositional
  	Attitudes},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ abbott_b:1975a,
  author = {Barbara Abbott},
  title = {Remarks on `Belief-Contexts'\, } ,
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ abbott_b:1976a,
  author = {Barbara Abbott},
  title = {A Study of Referential Opacity},
  school = {Linguistics Department, University of California at Berkeley},
  year = {1976},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Berkeley, California},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess},
  topic = {intensionality;}  
 } 

@article{ abbott_b-hudson_g:1981a,
  author = {Barbara Abbott and Grover Hudson},
  title = {Review of {\it Making Sense}, by {G}eoffrey {S}ampson},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {437--451},
  xref = {Review of sampson:1980a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;foundations-of-linguistics;
  	language-universals;philosophy-of-linguistics;} 
  } 

@article{ abbott_b:1989a,
  author = {Barbara Abbott},
  title = {Nondescriptionality and Natural Kind Terms},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {269--291},
  topic = {natural-kinds;sense-reference;common-nouns;}  
  } 

@article{ abbott_b:1997a,
  author = {Barbara Abbott},
  title = {Models, Truth, and Semantics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {117--138},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;nl-semantics-and-cognition;}  
  } 

@article{ abbott_b:2000a,
  author = {Barbara Abbott},
  title = {Fodor and {L}epore on Meaning Similarity and
  	{C}ompositionality},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {8},
  pages = {454--455},
  xref = {Comment on fodor_ja-lepore:1996c.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;synonymy;
		cognitive-semantics;state-space-semantics;
		conceptual-role-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ abbott_cc:1979a,
  author = {Carolyn C. Abbott},
  title = {Problems of Rule Ordering in Transformational
		Generative Syntax},
  year = {1979},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University
		of Pittsburgh},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;rule-ordering;}  
  } 

@article{ abdelbar:1998a,
  author = {Ashraf M. Abdelbar},
  title = {An Algorithm for Finding {MAPS} for Belief Networks
  	through Cost-Based Abduction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {104},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {331--338},
  topic = {abduction;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ abdelbar-hedetniemi:1998a,
  author = {Ashraf M. Abdelbar and Sandra M. Hedetniemi},
  title = {Approximating {MAP}s for Belief Networks is {NP}-Hard
  	and Other Theorems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {102},
  number = {1},
  pages = {21--38},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ abdelbar-etal:2000a,
  author = {Ashraf M. Abdelbar and Stephen T. Hedetniemi
  		and Sandra M. Hedetniemi},
  title = {The Complexity of Approximating {MAP}s for
  		Belief Networks with Bounded Probabilities},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {124},
  number = {2},
  pages = {283--288},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ abdelhafiz-basili:1996a,
  author = {Salwa K. Abd-El-Hafiz and Victor R. Basili},
  title = {Process-Centered Requirements Engineering},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1996},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0863801935 (Research Studies Press)},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@techreport{ abdullah:1991a,
  author = {Areski Nait Abdullah},
  title = {Kernel Knowledge Versus Belt Knowledge in Default
  	Reasoning: a Logical Approach},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of
  	Western Ontario},
  number = {292},
  year = {1991},
  address = {London, Ontario},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-prioritization;}  
  } 

@book{ abdullah:1995a,
  author = {Areski Nait Abdullah},
  title = {The Logic of Partial Information},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Berlin},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1.  Introduction
	2.  Partial Propositional Logic
	3.  Syntax of the Language with Partial Information Ions
	4.  Reasoning with Partial Information Ions
	5.  Semantics of Partial Information of Rank 1
	6.  Semantics of Partial Information of Infinite Rank
	7.  Algebraic Properties
	8.  Beth Tableaux
	9.  Applications; the statics of logic systems
	10. Naive Axiomatics and proof theory of propositional partial
		information ionic logic
	11. Soundness
	12. Formal axiomatics
	13. Extension and justification closure approach
	14. Partial first order logic
	15. Syntax and semantics of first-order partial information ions
	16. Beth Tableaux
	17. Axiomatics and proof theory of first-order partial information
		ionic logic
	18. Partial information ionic logic programming
	19. Syntactic and semantic paths; applications to defeasible
		inheritance
	20. The frame problem; the dynamics of logic systems
	21. Reasoning about actions: projection problem
	22. Reasoning about actions: explanation problem
		},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;partial-logic;theories-of-information;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ abe-li:1996a,
  author = {Naoki Abe and Hang Li},
  title = {Learning Word Association Norms Using Tree Cut
		Pair Models},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on
		Machine Learning},
  year = {1996},
  url = {http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9605029},
  missinginfo = {publisher, editor, pages},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;semantic-similarity;
		wordnet;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ aberdeen-etal:1999a,
  author = {John Aberdeen and Sam Bayer and Sasha Caskey and Laurie
  		Damianos and Alan Goldschen and Lynette Hirschman and
		Dan Loehr and Hugo Trapper},
  title = {Implementing Practical Dialogue Systems with the {DARPA} 
  		Communicator Architecture},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jan Alexandersson},
  pages = {81--86},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;spoken-dialogue-systems;}  
  } 

@book{ aberth:2001a,
  author = {Oliver Aberth},
  title = {Computable Calculus},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {2001},
  address = {San Diego},
  note = {CR_ROM included.},
  xref = {Review: bridges:2002a.},
  topic = {constructive-mathematics;automated-algebra;} 
 } 

@incollection{ abiteboul:1988a,
  author = {Serge Abiteboul},
  title = {Updates: A New Frontier},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Database
  	Theory},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {1--18},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor.},
  topic = {databases;database-update;}  
  } 

@techreport{ abiteboul-kanekkakis:1989a,
  author = {Sergei Abiteboul and Paris Kanekkakis},
  title = {Object Identity as a Query Language Primitive},
  institution = {Institute National de Recherche en Informatique et en
  	Automatique},
  number = {1022},
  year = {1991},
  address = {78153 Le Chesnay Cedex, France},
  topic = {object-oriented-databases;}  
  } 

@book{ abiteboul-etal:1995a,
  author = {Serge Abiteboul and Richard Hull and Victor Vianu},
  title = {Foundations of Databases},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201537710},
  topic = {databases;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ abney:1987a,
  author = {Steven Abney},   
  title = {The {E}nglish Noun Phrase in Its Sentential Aspect},
  school = {Department of Linguistics, MIT},
  year = {1987},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {government-binding-theory;noun-phrases;}  
 } 

@incollection{ abney:1996a,
  author = {Steven Abney},
  title = {Statistical Methods and Linguistics},
  booktitle = {The Balancing Act:  Combining Symbolic and Statistical
  	Approaches to Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik},
  pages = {1--26},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@book{ abraham:1991a,
  editor = {Werner Abraham},
  title = {Discourse Particles},
  publisher = {Benjamin},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ abrams-frisch:1991a,
  author = {Charlene Bloch Abrams and Alan M. Frisch},
  title = {An Examination of the Efficiency of Sorted Deduction},
  year = {1991},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	University of Illinois},
  topic = {theorem-proving;taxonomic-reasoning;knowledge-retrieval;}  
  } 

@book{ abramsky-hankin:1987a,
  editor = {Samson Abramsky and Chris Hankin},
  title = {Abstract Interpretation of Declarative Languages},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Chichester},
  ISBN = {0745801099},
  topic = {abstract-model-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ abramsky:1988a,
  author = {Samson Abramsky},
  title = {Domain Theory in Logical Form},
  publisher = {University of London},
  year = {1988]},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0-7923-6350-7 hardcover.},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ abramsky-vickers:1990a,
  author = {Samson Abramsky and Steven Vickers},
  title = {Quantales, Observational Logic, and Process Semantics},
  publisher = {University of London, Imperial College of Science
    and  Technology, Dept. of Computing},
  year = {1990},
  address = {London},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
 } 

@book{ abramsky-ong:1992a,
  author = {Samson Abramsky and C.-H. Luke Ong},
  title = {Full Abstraction In The Lazy Lambda Calculus},
  publisher = {University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {lambda-calculus;}  
 } 

@book{ abramsky-vickers:1992a,
  editor = {Samson Abramsky and Steven Vickers},
  title = {Proceedings of {JELIA}: Logics in {AI}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-programming;logic-in-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ abramson-rogers_mh:1989a,
  editor = {Harvey Abramson and  M.H. Rogers},
  title = {Meta-Programming in Logic Programming: Proceedings of
  	{META}--88, Bristol, 1988},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262510472},
  topic = {metaprogramming;logic-programming;}  
 } 

@incollection{ abrusci-etal:1997a,
  author = {V. Michele Abrusci and Christophe Fouquer\'e
		   and Jacqueline Vauzeilles},
  title = {Tree Adjoining Grammars in Non-Commutative Linear Logic},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {96--117},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;linear-logic;
		TAG-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ abrusci-maringelli:1998a,
  author = {V. Michele Abrusci and Elena Maringelli},
  title = {A New Correctness Criterion for Cyclic Proof
		Nets},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {449--502},
  topic = {proof-nets;}  
  } 

@article{ abrusci-etal:1999a,
  author = {V. Michele Abrusci and Christophe FOuquer\'e and
		Jacqueline Vauzeilles},
  title = {Tree Adjoining Grammars in a Fragment of
		the {L}ambek Calculus},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {209--2236},
  topic = {TAG-grammar;Lambek-calculus;}  
  } 

@article{ abrusci:2002a,
  author = {V. Michele Abrusci},
  title = {Classical Conservative Extensions of {L}ambek Calculus},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {71},
  number = {3},
  pages = {277--324},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;linear-logic;} 
  } 

@phdthesis{ abusch:1985a,
  author = {Dorit Abusch},
  title = {On Verbs and Time},
  school = {Linguistics Department, University of Massachusetts},
  year = {1985},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  topic = {causality;tense-aspect;lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@techreport{ abusch:1986a,
  author = {Dorit Abusch},
  title = {Verbs of Change, Causation, and Time},
  institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information,
  	Stanford University},
  number = {CSLI--86--50},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {causality;tense-aspect;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ abusch:1992a,
  author = {Dorit Abusch},
  title = {The Scope of Indefinites},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1993--1994},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {83--135},
  topic = {nl-quantifer-scope;indefiniteness;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ abusch:1994a,
  author = {Dorit Abusch},
  title = {The Scope of Indefinites},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {83--136},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;}  
  } 

@article{ abusch:1997a,
  author = {Dorit Abusch},
  title = {Sequence of Tense and Temporal {\em De Re}},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--50},
  topic = {nl-tense;}  
  } 

@article{ abusch:1997b,
  author = {Dorit Abusch},
  title = {Remarks on the State Formulation of {\it de re} Present Tense},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {303--313},
  topic = {nl-tense;}  
  } 

@article{ achenstein:1964a,
  author = {Peter Achenstein},
  title = {Models, Analogies, and Theories},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {41},
  number = {4},
  pages = {328--350},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@article{ achinstein:1964a,
  author = {Peter Achinstein},
  title = {On the Meaning of Scientific Terms},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {62},
  number = {20},
  pages = {497--509},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-science;holism;}  
  } 

@article{ achinstein:1965a,
  author = {Peter Achinstein},
  title = {\,`Defeasible' Problems},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {21},
  pages = {629--633},
  xref = {Commentary on: clark_r1:1965a.},
  topic = {ceteris-paribus-generalizations;natural-laws;causality;
  	nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ achinstein-barker:1969a,
  editor = {Peter Achinstein and Stephen F. Barker},
  title = {The Legacy of Logical Positivism: Studies in the
  	Philosophy of Science},
  publisher = {Johns Hopkins Press},
  year = {1969},
  address = {Baltimore},
  topic = {logical-positivism;analytic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@book{ achinstein:1971a,
  author = {Peter Achinstein},
  title = {Law and Explanation: An Essay in the Philosophy of Science},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198582080},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;explanation;natural-laws;}  
 } 

@incollection{ achinstein:1979a,
  author = {Peter Achinstein},
  title = {The Causal Relation},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}:
  	Studies in Metaphysics},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {369--386},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;focus;}  
  } 

@book{ achinstein:1982a,
  author = {Peter Achinstein},
  title = {The Nature Of Explanation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1982},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0195032152},
  topic = {explanation;}  
 } 

@book{ achinstein:1983a,
  editor = {Peter Achinstein},
  title = {The Concept of Evidence},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198750625 (pbk.)},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Carl A. Hempel, "Studies in the Logic of Confirmation"
     2. R.B. Braithwaite, " The Structure of a Scientific System"
     3. Norwood Russell Hanson, "The logic of Discovery "
     4. Nelson Goodman, "Prospects for a Theory of Projection"
     5. Rudolf Carnap, "The Concept of Confirming Evidence"
     6. Wesley C. Salmon, "Confirmation and Relevance", pp. 
     7. Clark Glymour, "Relevant Evidence"
     8. Peter Achinstein, "Concepts of Evidence"
  } ,
  topic = {evidence;philosophy-of-science;confirmation-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ achinstein:1984a,
  author = {Peter Achinstein},
  title = {A Type of Non-Causal Explanation},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {221--243},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;explanation;}  
  } 

@book{ achinstein-snyder:1994a,
  editor = {Peter Achinstein and Laura J. Snyder},
  title = {Scientific Methods: Conceptual and Historical Problems},
  publisher = {Krieger Pub. Co.},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Malabar, Florida},
  ISBN = {0894648225},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;scientific-reasoning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ achinstein:2000a,
  author = {Peter Achinstein},
  title = {Why Philosophical Theories of Evidence Are (and
  	Ought to Be) Ignored by Scientists},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S180--S192},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;evidence;}  
  } 

@incollection{ acid-etal:1991a,
  author = {S. Acid and L.M. de Campos and A. Gonz\'alez and R. Molina
  	and N. P\'erez de la Blanca},
  title = {Learning with {CASTLE}},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {99--106},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {machine-learning;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ ackerman_f1-moore:1999a,
  author = {Farrell Ackerman and John Moore},
  title = {Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Dimensions of Causee
  	Encodings},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--44},
  topic = {causatives;thematic-roles;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ackerman_f2:1994a,
  author = {Felicia Ackerman},
  title = {Roots and Consequences of Vagueness},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {129--136},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ ackrill:1964a,
  author = {J.L. Ackrill},
  title = {Comments},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {62},
  number = {20},
  pages = {610--613},
  xref = {Comments on; demos:1964a},
  topic = {Plato;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ acock-jackson:1976a,
  author = {M. Acock and H.G. Jackson},
  title = {Seems},
  journal = {Revue Internationale de Philosophie},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {304--330},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {intensional-logic;logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@incollection{ aczel:1977a,
  author = {Peter Aczel},
  title = {An Introduction to Inductive Definitions},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Mathematical Logic},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {739--782},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {inductive-definitions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ aczel:1980a,
  author = {Peter Aczel},
  title = {Frege Structures and the Notion of Proposition, Truth
  	and Set},
  booktitle = {The {K}leene Symposium},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company},
  year = {1980},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise and H.J. Keisler and K. Kunen},
  pages = {31--59},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {Frege-structures;propositions;truth;foudnations-of-set-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ aczel:1983a,
  author = {Peter Aczel},
  title = {Non-Well-Founded Sets},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {set-theory;nonwellfounded-sets;}  
 } 

@article{ adali-subrahmanian_vs:1996a,
  author = {Sibel Adali and V.S. Subrahmanian},
  title = {Amalgamating Knowledge Bases {III}: Algorithms, Data
  	Structures, and Query Processing},
  journal = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {45--88},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {knowledge-integration;}  
  } 

@article{ adam-laurent:1980a,
  author = {Anne Adam and Jean-Pierre Laurent},
  title = {{LAURA}, A System to Debug Student Programs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {75--122},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     An effort to automate the debugging of real programs is
     presented. We discuss possible choices in conceiving a debugging
     system. In order to detect all the semantic errors, it must have
     a knowledge of what the program is intended to achieve.
     Strategies and results are very dependent on the way of giving
     this knowledge.  In the LAURA system that we have designed, the
     program's task is given by means of a `program model'.
     Automatic debugging is then viewed as a comparison of programs.
     The main characteristics of LAURA are the representation of
     programs by graphs, which gets rid of many syntactical
     variations, the use of program transformations, realized on the
     graphs, and its heuristic strategy to identify step by step the
     elements of the graphs. It has been tested with about a hundred
     programs writen by students to solve eight different problems in
     various fields. It is able to recognize correct programs even if
     their structures are very different from the structure of the
     program model. It is also able to express exact diagnostics of
     errors, or at least to localize them. It could be an effective
     tool for students programmers.
  } ,
  topic = {program-transformations;automatic-debugging;
  	software-engineering;graph-based-reasoning;diagnosis;}  
  } 

@book{ adami:1998a,
  author = {Christoph Adami},
  title = {Introduction to Artificial Life},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0-387-94646-2},
  xref = {Review: taylor_t:2001a.},
  topic = {artificial-life;}  
 } 

@article{ adamowicz-bigorajska:2001a,
  author = {Zofia Adamowicz and Teresa Bigorajska},
  title = {Existentially Closed Structures and {G}\"odel's
  	Second Incompleteness Theorem},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {349--356},
  topic = {model-theory;goedels-second-theorem;}  
  } 

@article{ adams_ew:1965a,
  author = {Ernest Adams},
  title = {The Logic of Conditionals},
  journal = {Inquiry},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {166--197},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ adams_ew:1974a,
  author = {Ernest Adams},
  title = {The Logic of `Almost All'\, } ,
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {3--17},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;exception-constructions;}  
  } 

@book{ adams_ew:1975a,
  author = {Ernest W. Adams},
  title = {The Logic of Conditionals},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {conditionals;probability-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ adams_ew-levine_hp:1975b,
  author = {Ernest Adams and Howard P. Levine},
  title = {On the Uncertainties Transmitted from Premisses
  	to Conclusions in Deductive Inferences},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {429--460},
  topic = {probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ adams_ew:1978a,
  author = {Ernest W. Adams},
  title = {A Note on Comparing Probabilistic and Modal Semantics for
  	Conditionals},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {43},
  pages = {186--194},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conditionals;probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ adams_ew-carlstrom:1979a,
  author = {Ernest W. Adams and Ian F. Carlstrom},
  title = {Representing Approximate Ordering and Equivalence
  		Relations},
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {1979},
  number = {2},
  pages = {182--207},
  topic = {approximate-truth;}  
  } 

@article{ adams_ew:1981a,
  author = {Ernest W. Adams},
  title = {Transmissible Improbabilities and Marginal Essentialness
  	of Premises in Inferences Involving Indicative Condtionals},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {149--177},
  topic = {conditionals;probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ adams_ew:1981b,
  author = {Ernest W. Adams},
  title = {Truth, Proof, and Conditionals},
  journal = {Pacific Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {62},
  pages = {323--339},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conditionals;causality;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ adams_ew:1983a,
  author = {Ernest W. Adams},
  title = {Continuity and Idealizability},
  year = {1983},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University
  	of California at Berkeley},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {fractional-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ adams_ew:1983b,
  author = {Ernest W. Adams},
  title = {Probabilistic Enthymemes},
  journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {283--295},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ adams_ew:1986a,
  author = {Ernest W. Adams},
  title = {Remarks on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Conditionals},
  booktitle = {On Conditionals},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly},
  pages = {169--179},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ adams_ew:1987a,
  author = {Ernest Adams},
  title = {On the Meaning of the Conditional},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--45},
  topic = {conditionals;indicative-conditionals;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ adams_ew:1988a,
  author = {Ernest W. Adams},
  title = {Consistency and Decision: Variations on {R}amseyan Themes},
  booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics,
  	Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms},
  pages = {49--69},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ adams_ew:1989a,
  author = {Ernest W. Adams},
  title = {On the Logic of High Probability},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3},
  pages = {255--279},
  topic = {probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ adams_ew:1995a,
  author = {Ernest W. Adams},
  title = {Remarks on a Theorem of {M}c{G}ee},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {343--348},
  topic = {conditionals;finite-matrix-property;}  
  } 

@article{ adams_ew:1996a,
  author = {Ernest W. Adams},
  title = {Four Probability Preserving Properties of Inferences},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--24},
  topic = {conditionals;probabilities;}  
  } 

@book{ adams_ew:1997a,
  author = {Ernest W. Adams},
  title = {A Primer of Probability Logic},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {probability-semantics;conditionals;}  
 } 

@article{ adams_ew:1998a,
  author = {Ernest W. Adams},
  title = {Review of {\it The Geneology of Disjunction}, by
  	{R}.{E}. {J}ennings},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--88},
  xref = {Review of jennings_re1:1994a.},
  topic = {disjunction;disjunction-in-nl;}  
  } 

@article{ adams_f:1986a,
  author = {Frederik Adams},
  title = {Intention and Intentional Action:  The Simple View},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {281--301},
  topic = {intention;action;}  
  } 

@incollection{ adams_g-resnik_p:1997a,
  author = {Gary Adams and Philip Resnik},
  title = {A Language Identification Application Built on the {J}ava
  	Client-Server Platform},
  booktitle = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making
  	{NLP} Work in Practice},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {43--47},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {language-identification;}  
  } 

@article{ adams_ja:2001a,
  author = {Julie A. Adams},
  title = {Review of {\it Multiagent Systems: A Modern Approach to
  	Distributed Artificial Intelligence}, by {M}ichael {J}.
	{W}ooldridge},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {105--108},
  xref = {Review of: wooldridge:1999a.},
  topic = {distributed-AI;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ adams_rw:1981a,
  author = {Robert W. Adams},
  title = {Actualism and Thisness},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {49},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--41},
  topic = {actuality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ adams_wa:2001a,
  author = {William A. Adams},
  title = {The Motivational Context},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {409--412},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ addanki-etal:1991a,
  author = {Sanjaya Addanki and Roberto Cremonini and J. Scott
  	Penberthy},
  title = {Graphs of Models},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {145--177},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Solving analysis problems in physical worlds requires the
     representation of large amounts of knowledge. Recently, there
     has been much interest in using multiple models, in the
     engineering sense of the word, to capture the complex and
     diverse knowledge required during analysis. In this paper we
     represent physical domains as graphs of models, where the nodes
     of the graph are models and the edges are the assumptions that
     have to be changed in going from one model to the other. We
     introduce new, qualitative methods that automatically select and
     switch models during analysis.  Our approach has been
     successfully used for three implementations in the fields of
     mechanics, thermodynamics, and fluid dynamics.
  } ,
  topic = {model-based-reasoning;kr;qualitative-physics;thermodynamics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ addis:1984a,
  author = {Laird Addis},
  title = {Parallelism, Interaction, and Causation},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {329--344},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@book{ adelman-riedel:1997a,
  author = {Leonard Adelman and Sharon Riedel},
  title = {Handbook for Evaluating Knowledge-Based Systems},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {AI-system-evaluation;knowledge-base-verification;
  	knowledge-engineering;}  
 } 

@article{ adelsonvelskiy-etal:1975a,
  author = {G.M.  Adelson-Velskiy and V.L.  Arlazarov and M.V. Donskoy},
  title = {Some Methods of Controlling the Tree Search in Chess
  	Programs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {361--371},
  topic = {computer-chess;search;}  
  } 

@article{ ades-steedman:1982a,
  author = {Anthony F. Ades and Mark J. Steedman},
  title = {On the Order of Words},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {517--558},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;word-order;nl-syntax;} 
  } 

@incollection{ adiba-lopez:1987a,
  author = {Michel Adiba and Mauricio Lopez},
  title = {Data Bases and Office Automation},
  booktitle = {Databases},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {J. Paradaens},
  pages = {1--44},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {databases;}  
  } 

@article{ adler:1987a,
  author = {Jonathan E. Adler},
  title = {Comparisons with {G}rice},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {710--711},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ adler:1997a,
  author = {Jonathan E. Adler},
  title = {Lying, Deceiving, or Falsely Implicating},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {9},
  pages = {435--452},
  topic = {deception;implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ adorno:1990a,
  author = {Theodor W. Adorno},
  title = {Punctuation Marks},
  journal = {Antioch Review},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {48},
  number = {3},
  pages = {300--305},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@book{ adriaans-zantinge:1996a,
  author = {Pieter Adriaans and Dolf Zantinge},
  title = {Data Mining},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: flach:2001a.},
  topic = {data-mining;machine-learning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ adriaans-haas:2000a,
  author = {Pieter Adriaans and Erik de Haas},
  title = {Learning from a Substructural Perspective},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {176--183},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;substructural-logics;}  
  } 

@book{ adriaens-hahn:1994a,
  editor = {Geert Adriaens and Udo Hahn},
  title = {Parallel Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0893918695},
  topic = {nl-processing;parallel-processing;}  
 } 

@article{ afrati-etal:1988a,
  author = {F. Afrati and C.H. Papadimitriou and G. Papageorgiou},
  title = {The Synthesis of Communication Protocols},
  journal = {Algorithmica},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {451--472},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@incollection{ agarwal:1997a,
  author = {Rajeev Agarwal},
  title = {Towards a {PURE} System for Information Access},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {90--97},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;information-retrieval;}  
  } 

@incollection{ agassi:1976a,
  author = {Joseph Agassi},
  title = {Can Adults Become Genuinely Bilingual?},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {473--484},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {L2-language-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ aghael-ardeshir:2001a,
  author = {Mojtaba Aghael and Mohammed Ardeshir},
  title = {Gentzen-Style Axiomatizations of Some Conservative
  	Extensions of Basic Propositional Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {263--285},
  topic = {proof-theory;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ agirre:1996a,
  author = {Eneko Agirre and German Rigau},
  title = {A Proposal for Word Sense Disambiguation
		Using Conceptual Distance},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International
		Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing},
  year = {1996},
  missinginfo = {publisher, editor, pages},
  url = {http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9510003},
  topic = {wordnet;lexical-disambiguation;distance-metrics;;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ agirre-rigau:1996a,
  author = {Eneko Agirre and German Rigau},
  title = {Word Sense Disambiguation Using Conceptual Density},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th International Conference
		on Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  missinginfo = {publisher, editor, pages},
  url = {http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9606007},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;wordnet;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ agirre-etal:1998a,
  author = {Eneko Agirre and Koldo Gojenola and Kepa Sarasola
  	and Atro Voutilainen},
  title = {Towards a Single Proposal in Spelling Correction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {22--28},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {spelling-correction;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ agrawal-etal:2000a,
  author = {Marindra Agrawal and Neeraj Kayal and Nitin Saxena},
  title = {{\sc primes} Is in {P}},
  year = {2000},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indian Institute of Technology Kampur},
  topic = {algorithmic-complexity;number-theory;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ agre-chapman:1987a,
  author = {Philip E. Agre and David Chapman},
  title = {{PENGI}: An Implementation of a Theory of Activity},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Kenneth Forbus and Howard Shrobe},
  pages = {268--272},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {planning;action;}  
  } 

@article{ agre:1993a,
  author = {Philip E. Agre},
  title = {Interview with {A}llen {N}ewell},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {415--449},
  topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;history-of-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ agre:1995a,
  author = {Philip E. Agre},
  title = {Computational Research on Interaction and Agency},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {72},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--52},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Recent research in artificial intelligence has developed
     computational theories of agents' involvements in their
     environments.  Although inspired by a great diversity of
     formalisms and architectures, these research projects are
     unified by a common concern: using principled characterizations
     of agents' interactions with their environments to guide
     analysis of living agents and design of artificial ones. This
     article offers a conceptual framework for such theories, surveys
     several other fields of research that hold the potential for
     dialogue with these new computational projects, and summarizes
     the principal contributions of the articles in this special
     double volume. It also briefly describes a case study in these
     ideas--a computer program called Toast that acts as a short-order
     breakfast cook. Because its designers have discovered useful
     structures in the world it inhabits, Toast can employ an
     extremely simple mechanism to decide what to do next.
  } ,
  topic = {agent-architectures;agent-environment-interaction;}  
  } 

@book{ agre-rosenschein_sj:1996a,
  editor = {Philip E. Agre and Stanley J. Rosenschein},
  title = {Computational Theories of Interaction and Agency},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {agency;communication-protocols;distributed-systems;}  
 } 

@article{ aguzzoli-ciabattoni:2000a,
  author = {Stefano Aguzzoli and Agata Ciabattoni},
  title = {Finiteness in Infinite-Valued {\L}ukasiewicz Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--29},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;many-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ahn:1994a,
  author = {Reni M.C. Ahn},
  title = {Communication Contexts: A Pragmatic Approach to Information
  	Exchange},
  booktitle = {Types for Proofs and Programs: International Workshop
  	{TYPES}'94, {B}estad, {S}weden, June 6--10},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Peter Dybjer and Bengt Nordstr\"om and Jan Smith},
  pages = {1--13},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;communication;}  
  } 

@article{ ahn-etal:1994a,
  author = {R. Ahn and R.J. Beun and T. Borghuis and Harry C. Bunt and
  	C. van Overveld},
  title = {The {DenK} Architecture: A Fundamental Approach to User
  	Interfaces},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence Review},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {431--445},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st names, number},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;HCI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ aho_av-etal:1979a,
  author = {A.V. Aho and J.D. Ullman and A.D. Wyner and M.
  	Yannakakis},
  title = {Modeling Communication Protocols by Automata},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twentieth {IEEE} Symposium on
  	Foundations of Computer Science},
  year = {1979},
  pages = {267--273},
  organization = {IEEE},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st names.},
  topic = {communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@article{ aho_av-etal:1982a,
  author = {A.V. Aho and J.D. Ullman and A.D. Wyner and M. Yannakakis},
  title = {Bounds on the Size and Transmission Rate of Communication
  	Protocols},
  journal = {Computers and Mathematics with Applications},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {205--214},
  xref = {Later version of aho-etal:1979a.},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st names.},
  topic = {communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@book{ aho_t:1994a,
  author = {Tuomo Aho},
  title = {On the Philosophy of Attitude Logic},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  series = {Acta Philosophica {F}ennica},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;agent-attitudes;propositional-attitudes;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ ahrenberg-etal:1998a,
  author = {Lars Ahrenberg and Mikael Andersson and Magnus Merkel},
  title = {A Simple Hybrid Aligner for Generating Lexical
  	Correspondences in Parallel Texts},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {29--35},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {text-alignment;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ahrendt-al:1998a,
  author = {W. Ahrendt et al.},
  title = {Integrating Automated and Interactive Theorem Proving},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, other authors, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ ahuja-horaud:1995a,
  author = {Narendra Ahuja and Radu Horaud},
  title = {Introduction to the Special Volume on Computer Vision},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {78},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--3},
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
  } 

@book{ aiello-etal:1996a,
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  title = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {kr;}  
 } 

@article{ aiello:2000a,
  author = {Marco Aiello},
  title = {Review of {\em Parts and Places: The Structures of Spatial
  	Representation}, by {R}oberto {C}asati and {A}chille
	{V}arzi},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {269--272},
  xref = {Review of: casati-varzi:1999a.},
  topic = {spatial-representation;philosophucal-ontology;mereology;}  
  } 

@article{ aikins:1983a,
  author = {Janice S. Aikins},
  title = {Prototypical Knowledge for Expert Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {163--210},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Knowledge of situations typically encountered in performing a
     task is an important and useful source of information for
     solving that task. This paper presents a system that uses a
     representation of prototypical knowledge to guide computer
     consultations, and to focus the application of production rules
     used to represent inferential knowledge in the domain. The
     explicit representation of control knowledge for each
     prototypical situation is also emphasized.
  } ,
  topic = {expert-systems;procedural-control;rule-based-reasoning;
  	prototypical-knowledge;}  
  } 

@article{ aikins:1993a,
  author = {Jan S. Aikins},
  title = {Prototypical Knowledge for Expert Systems:
  	A Retrospective Analysis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {205--211},
  xref = {Retrospective commentary on aikins:1983a.},
  topic = {expert-systems;procedural-control;rule-based-reasoning;
  	prototypical-knowledge;}  
  } 

@article{ aiolli-sperduti:2002a,
  author = {Fabio Aiolli and Alessandro Sperduti},
  title = {A Re-Weighting Strategy for Improving Margins},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {137},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {197--216},
  topic = {machine-learning;} 
  } 

@article{ aisbett-gibbon_g:1994a,
  author = {Janet Aisbett and Greg Gibbon},
  title = {A Tunable Distance Measure for Coloured Solid Models},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {65},
  number = {1},
  pages = {143--164},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     People are willing to rank simple objects of different shape and
     colour on the basis of "similarity". If machines are to reason
     about structure, this comparison process must be formalized.  That
     is, a distance measure between formal object representations
     must be defined. If the machine is reasoning with information to
     be presented to a human, the distance measure needs to accord
     with human notions of object similarity.  Since our perception of
     similarity is subjective and strongly influenced by situation,
     the measure should be tunable to particular users and contexts.
     This paper describes a distance measure between solid models
     which incorporates heuristics of the mental mappings humans use
     to compare objects. The first step is to formally represent
     objects in a way that reflects human visual segmentations. We
     use a modified boundary representation scheme in colour+physical
     space. The next step is to define a family of maps between these
     representations, motivated by considerations of how humans match
     shapes. The distance between two objects is essentially the cost
     of the lowest-cost map between them. The cost of a map
     incorporates a geometric measure of the smooth deformation
     required of edges and faces, a feature measure based on visually
     significant singular points, and a topological measure based on
     correspondence of visually significant vertices, edges and
     faces.  Tunable features of the match are: the relative cost of
     ignoring parts of objects; the treatment of colour; and whether
     or not the distance measure is required to be rotation
     invariant.
     An important application for such distance measures is to the
     development of user-friendly query of CAD and image databases.
     Query-by-example depends on implementation of a concept of
     likeness between object models in the database which, to be
     useful, must reflect the user's concepts. Another important
     application for distance measures is in automatic recognition of
     objects into classes whose members are not identical, so that
     the concept that ``this object is like object X'' is required. In
     the common situation that classes are based on human perceptions
     of visual similarity, the distance measure between the class
     prototype and the object to be classified should reflect those
     human perceptions.
  } ,
  topic = {visual-similarity;visual-reasoning;context;CAD;distance-metrics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ aist-mostow:1997a,
  author = {Gregory Aist and Jack Mostow},
  title = {A Time to Be Silent and a Time to Speak: Time-Sensitive
  	Communicative Actions in a Reading Tutor that Listens},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative
		Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {1--5},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {David Traum},
  topic = {speech-acts;nl-generation;intelligent-tutoring;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ ait-kaci:1986a,
  author = {Hassan A\"it-Kaci},
  title = {An Algebraic Semantics Approach to the Effective
  	Resolution of Type Equations},
  journal = {Theoretical Computer Science},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {45},
  number = {3},
  pages = {293--351},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ aitchenson:1987a,
  author = {J. Aitchenson},
  title = {Words in the Mind.  An Introduction to the Mental
  	Lexicon},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;lexical-semantics;semantic-primitives;}  
 } 

@incollection{ aitmokhtar-chanod:1997a,
  author = {Salah A\"it-Mokhtar and Jean-Pierre Chanod},
  title = {Subject and Object Dependency Extraction Using
  	Finite-State Transducers},
  booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of
  	Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari
  	and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks},
  pages = {71--77},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {finite-state-nlp;part-of-speech-tagging;grammatical-relations;}  
  } 

@article{ akama:1988a,
  author = {Seiki Akama},
  title = {On the Proof Method for Constructive Falsity},
  journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur Mathematische Logik und
  	Grundlagen der Mathematik},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {34},
  pages = {385--392},
  topic = {constructive-falsity;}  
  } 

@article{ akama:1990a,
  author = {Seiki Akama},
  title = {Subformula Semantics for Strong Negation Systems},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {217--226},
  topic = {constructive-falsity;}  
  } 

@article{ akama:1996a,
  author = {Seiki Akama},
  title = {Curry's Paradox in Contractionless Constructive Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {135--150},
  topic = {paradoxes;foundations-of-mathematics;Curry-paradox;}  
  } 

@book{ akama:1997a,
  editor = {Seiki Akama},
  title = {Logic, Language, and Computation},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {079234376X},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Seiki Akama, "Recent Issues in Logic, Language and Computation"
     2. Max J. Cresswell, "Restricted Quantification"
     3. B.H. Slater , "The Epsilon Calculus' Problematic"
     4. Klaus Von Heusinger , "Definite Descriptions and Choice
     		Functions" 
     5. Nicholas Asher , "Spatio-Temporal Structure in Text"
     6. Y. Nakayama , "DRT and Many-Valued Logics"
     7. Heinrich Wansing , "Displaying as Temporalizing: Sequent Systems
     		for Subintuitionistic Logic
     8. Luis Far~\nias del Cerro and V. Lugardon, "Quantification and
     		Dependence Logics"
     9. Richard Sylvan, "Relevant Conditionals, and Relevant
     		Application Thereof"
  } ,
  ISBN = {0792360559},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ akbar-caelen:1998a,
  author = {Mohammed Akbar and Jean Caelen},
  title = {Parole er Traduction Automatique: Le Module de
  	Reconaissance {RAPHAEL}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {36--40},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {speech-to-speech-machine-translation;}  
 } 

@article{ akers-etal:2001a,
  author = {Robert L. Akers and Ion Bica and Elaine Kant and Curt
  	Randall and Robert L. Young},
  title = {Sci{F}inance: A Program Synthesis Tool for Financial
  	Modeling},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {27--41},
  topic = {AI-and-economics;financial-modeling;}  
  } 

@article{ akiba:1998a,
  author = {Ken Akiba},
  title = {Nominalistic Metalogic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {35--47},
  topic = {formalizations-of-nominalism;}  
  } 

@book{ akins:1986a,
  editor = {Kathleen Akins},
  title = {Perception},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Kathleen A. Akins, "Introduction"
	2. Kirk Ludwig, "Explaining Why Things Look the Way They Do"
	3. Paul M. Churchland, "A Feedforward Network for Fast Stereo
		Vision with Movable Fusion Plane"
	4. John Grimes, "On the Failure to Detect Changes in Scenes
		across Saccades"
	5. Dana Ballard, "On the Function of Visual Representation"
	6. P.S. Churchland and V.S. Ramachandran, "Filling In: Why
		Dennett Is Wrong"
	7. Daniel C. Dennett, "Seeing Is Believing -- Or Is It?"
       10. Kathleen A. Akins and Steven Winger, "Ships in the Night:
       		Churchland and Ramachandran on Dennett's Theory of
		Consciousness"
       11. Brian P. McLaughlin, "Lewis on What Distinguishes
       		Perception from Hallucination"
       12. Frances Egan, "Intentionality and the Theory of Vision"
       13. Sarah Patterson, "Success-Orientation and Individualism in
       		Marr's Theory of Vision"
       14. John Haugeland, "Objective Perception"
       15. John M. Henderson, "Visual Attention and the
       		Attention-Action Interface"
       16. C. Randy Gallistel, "The Perception of Time"
   } ,
  ISBN = {0-19-508462-4 (paper), 0-19-508461-6 (cloth)},
  topic = {psychology-of-perception;}  
 } 

@book{ akkerman-etal:1985a,
  author = {Erik Akkerman and Pieter Masereeuw and Willem Meijs},
  title = {Designing a Computerized Lexicon For Linguistic Purposes},
  publisher = {Rodopi},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {9062037674 (pbk.)},
  miscnote = {Distributed in the U.S.A. by Humanities Press.},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;}  
 } 

@book{ akmajian:1974a,
  author = {Adrian Akmajian},
  title = {Pronominalization, Relativization, and Thematization:
  	Interrelated Systems of Coreference in {E}nglish and {J}apanese},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1971},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {pronouns;anaphora;relative-clauses;Japanese-language;}  
  } 

@book{ akmajian-heny:1975a,
  author = {Adrian Akmajian and Frank Heny},
  title = {An Introduction to the Principles of Transformational
  	Syntax},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {syntax-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ akmajian-etal:1979a,
  author = {Adrian Akmajian and Richard Demers and Robert M.
  	Harnish},
  title = {Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and
  	Communication},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {linguistics-intro;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ akman-tin:1990a,
  author = {Varol Akman and E. T{\i}n},
  title = {What Is in a Context?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1990 Bilkent Intlernational
  	Conference on New Trends in Communication, Control, and
	Signal Processing, Volume {II}},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {E. Ar{\i}kan},
  pages = {1670--1676},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ akman-tin:1990b,
  author = {Varol Akman and E. T{\i}n},
  title = {Causal Theories, Contexts, and Design},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Eurographics Workshop on
  	Intelligent {CAD} Systems: Added Value of Intelligence to {CAD}},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {114--119},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher, organization},
  topic = {causality;context;}  
  } 

@article{ akman:1995a,
  author = {Varol Akman},
  title = {Review of {\it Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn
  	{M}c{C}arthy}, edited by  {V}ladimir {L}ifschitz},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {77},
  number = {2},
  pages = {359--369},
  xref = {Review of: lifschitz:1990d.},
  topic = {J-McCarthy;common-sense;kr;}  
  } 

@article{ akman:1995b,
  author = {Varol Akman},
  title = {Review of {\it From Discourse to Logic: Introduction to
  	Modeltheoretic Semantics in Natural Language, Formal Logic
	and Discourse Representation Theory, Vols. 1 and 2}, by
	{H}ans {K}amp and {U}we {R}eyle},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {265--268},
  xref = {Review of kamp-reyle:1993ai, kamp-reyle:1993aii.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ akman-surav:1995a,
  author = {Varol Akman and Mehmet Surav},
  title = {Contexts, Oracles, and Relevance},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {23--30},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ akman-surav:1996a,
  author = {Varol Akman and Mehmet Surav},
  title = {Steps Toward Formalizing Context},
  journal = {{AI} Magazine},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {17},
  number = {3},
  pages = {55--72},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ akman:1997a,
  author = {Varol Akman},
  title = {Context as a Social Construct},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {1--6},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ akman-surav:1997a,
  author = {Varol Akman and Mehmet Surav},
  title = {The Use of Situation Theory in Context Modeling},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {427--438},
  topic = {context;situation-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ akman:1999a,
  author = {Varol Akman},
  title = {Review of {\it Survey of the State of the Art in
  	Human Language Technology}, edited by {G}iovanni {B}attista
	{V}arile and {A}ntonio {Z}ampolli},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {161--164},
  xref = {Review of varile-zampolli:1997a.},
  topic = {nlp-technology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ akman-alpaslan:1999a,
  author = {Varol Akman and Ferda Nur Alpaslan},
  title = {Strawson on Intended Meaning and Context},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {1--14},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;speaker-meaning;}  
  } 

@article{ akman-blackburn_p:2000a,
  author = {Varol Akman and Patrick Blackburn},
  title = {Editorial: {A}lan {T}uring and Artificial Intelligence},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {91--395},
  topic = {Turing;foundations-of-AI;history-of-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ akman-etal:2001a,
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  title = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Berlin},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Horacio Arlo-Costa, "Trade-Offs between Inductive Power
     		and Logical Omniscience in Modeling Context", pp. 1--14
     2. John A. Barnden, "Uncertainty and Conflict Handling in the
     		{ATT}-Meta Context-Based System for Metaphorical
		Reasoning", pp. 15--29
     3. Travis Bauer and David B. Leake, "{W}ord{S}eive: A Method for
     		Real-Time Context Extraction", pp. 30--44
     4. John Bell, "Pragmatic Reasoning: Pragmatic Semantics and
     		Semantic Pragmatics", pp. 45--58
     5. Massimo Beneceretti and Paolo Bouquet and Chiara Ghidini, "On
     		the Dimensions of Context Dependence: Partiality,
		Approximation, and Perspective", pp. 59--72
     6. Claudia Bianchi, "Context of Utterance and Intended
     		Context", pp. 73--66
     7. Paolo Bouquet and Luciano Serafini, "Two Formalizations of
     		Context: A Comparison", pp. 87--101
     8. Jocelyn Cohan, "Consider the Alternatives:  Focus in Contrast
     		and Context", pp. 102--115
     9. John H. Connolly, "Context in the Study of Human Languages
     		and Computer Programming Languages: A
		Comparison", pp. 116--128
    10. Mehdi Dastani and Bipin Indurkhya, "Modeling Context Effect
    		in Perceptual Domains", pp. 129--142
    11. Bruce Edmonds, "Learning Appropriate Contexts", pp. 143--155
    12. Hamid R. Ekbia and Ana G. Maguitman, "Context and Relevance:
    		A Pragmatic Approach", pp. 156--169
    13. Roberta Ferrario, "Counterfactual Reasoning", pp. 170--183
    14. Martin Romacker and Udo Hahn, "Context-Based Ambiguity
    		Management for Natural Language Processing", pp. 184--197
    15. Amy E. Henninger and Avelino J.Gonzalez and Michael
    		Georgiopoulos and Michael De{M}aro, "A
		Connectionist-Symbolic Approach to Modeling Agent
		Behavior: Neural Networks Grouped by Contexts", pp. 198--209
    16. Martin Juettner and Ingo Rentschler, "Context Dependency of
    		Pattern-Category Learning", pp. 210--220
    17. Boicho Kokinov and Maurice Grinberg, "Simulating Context
    		Effects in Problem Solving with {AMBR}", pp. 221--234
    18. David Langlois and Kamel Smaili and Jean-Paul Haton, "A New
    		Method Based on Context for Combining Statistical
		Language Models", pp. 235--247
    19. Tomoko Matsui, "Experimental Pragmatics: Towards Testing
    		Relevance-Based Predictions about Anaphoric Bridging
		Inferences", pp. 248--260
    20. Heiko Maus, "Workflow Context as a Means for Intelligent
    		Information Support", pp. 261--274
    21. Renate Motschnig-Pitrik and Ladislav Nykl, "The Role and
    		Modeling of Context in a Cognitive Model of {R}oger's
		Person-Centred Approach", pp. 275--289
    22. Carlo Penco, "Local Holism", pp. 290--303
    23. Isodora Stojanovic, "Whom is the Problem of the Essential
    		Indexical a Problem for?", pp. 304--315
    24. Charles Tijus, "Contextual Categorization and Cognitive
    		Phenomena", pp. 316--329
    25. Elise H. Turner and Roy M. Turner, "Representing the Graphics
    		Context to Support Understanding Plural Anaphora in
		Multi-Modal Interfaces", pp. 330--342
    26. Roy M. Turner and Elise H. Turner and Thomas A. Wagner and
    		Thomas J. Wheeler and Nancy E. Ogle, "Using
		Explicit, A Priori Contextual Knowledge in
		an Intelligent Web Search Agent", pp. 343--352
    27. Nicla Vassallo, "Contexts and Philosophical Problems of
    		Knowledge", pp. 353--366
    28. Holger Wache, "Practical Context Transformation for
    		Information System Interoperability", pp. 367--380
    29. Roger A. Young, "Explanation as Contextual", pp. 381--394
    30. Elisabetta Zibetti and Vicen\c{c} Quera and Francesc
    		Salvador Beltran and Charles Tijus, "Contextual
		Categorization:  A Mechanism Linking Perception
		and Knowledge in Modeling and Simulating Perceived
		Events as Actions", pp. 395--408
    31. William A. Adams, "The Motivational Context", pp. 409--412
    32. Guido Boella and Leonardo Lesmo, "An Approach to Anaphora
    		Based on Mental Models", pp. 413--416
    33. Cristina Bosco and Carla Bazzanella, "Context and Multi-Media
    		Corpora,  pp. 417--420
    34. Luc Bovens and Stephan Hartmann, "Belief Expansion,
    		Contextual Fit and the Reliability of Information
		Sources", pp. 421--424
    35. Aline Chevalier and Laure Martinex, "The Role of Context
    		in the Acquisition and in the Organization of
		Knowledge: Studies from Adults and from
		Children", pp. 425--428
    36. Piotr Ciskowski, "{VC}-Dimension of a Context-Dependent
    		Perception", pp. 429--432
    37. Christo Dichev, "A Framework for a Context-Driven Web
    		Resource Directory", pp. 433--436
    38. Patrick Etcheverry and Phillipe Lopist\'eguy and Pantxika
    		Dagorret, "Specifying Contexts for Coordination
		Patterns", pp. 437--440
    39. Anne-Laure Fayard and Austin Henderson, "Looking at `Situated'
    		Technology: Differences in Pattern of Interaction Reflect
		Differences in Context", pp. 441-444
    40. J.T. Fern\'andez-Breis and Rafael Valencia-Garcia and Rodrigo
    		Martinez-B\'ejar and Pascual Cantos-G\`omez, "A
		Context-Driven Approach for Knowledge Acquisition:
		Application to a Leukemia Domain", pp. 445--448
    41. Anita Fetzer, "Context in Natural-Language Communication:
    		Presupposed or Co-Supposed?", pp. 449--452
    42. Avelino J. Gonzalez and Shinya Sacki, "Using Contexts
    		Competition to Model Tactical Human Behavior
		in a Simulation", pp. 453--456
    43. Roland Klemke and Achim Nick, "Case Studies in Developing
    		Contextualizing Information Systems", pp. 457--460
    44. Jean-Charles Pomerol and Patrick Brezillon, "About Some
    		Relationships between Knowledge and Context", pp. 461--464
    45. Debbie Richards, "Combining Cases and Rules to Provide
    		Contextualized Knowledge Based Systems", pp. 465--469
  } ,
  ISBN = {3-540-42379-6},
  topic = {context;}  
 } 

@book{ alagar-periyasamy:1998a,
  author = {V.S. Alagar and K. Periyasamy},
  title = {Specification of Software Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387984305 (hardcover: alk. paper)},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ alasady-narayanan:1993a,
  author = {R. Al-Asady and A. Narayanan},
  title = {More Notes on `A Clash of Intuitions'},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {682--687},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ alasady:1995a,
  author = {R. Al-Asady},
  title = {Inheritance Theory: An Artificial Intelligence Approach},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {1-56750-155-9},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Introduction
	2. Inheritance Hierarchies
	3. Current Approach to Nonmonotonic Reasoning
	4. The Problem: A Clash of Intuitions
	5. ETR: An Exception-Based Approach to Nonmonotonic Reasoning
	6. Default Correlation: An Approach to Inheritance with Conflict
	7. Application: Causal Reasoning and ETR
       10. Application: Analogical Reasoning and ETR
       11. Conclusion
   } ,
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ alberdi-sleeman:1997a,
  author = {Eugenio Alberdi and Derek H. Sleeman},
  title = {Re{TAX}: A Step in the Automation of Taxonomic Revision},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {91},
  number = {2},
  pages = {257--279},
  topic = {automated-scientific-discovery;taxonomic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ albeverio-etal:1986a,
  author = {Sergio Albeverio and Jens Erik Fenstad and Raphael
  	H{\o}egh-Krohn and Tom Lingstr{\o}m},
  title = {Nonstandard Methods in Stochastic Analysis and
  	Mathematical Physics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {nonstandard-analysis;}  
 } 

@article{ albrecht-etal:1998a,
  author = {David Albrecht and Frank A B\"auerle and
  	John N. Crossley},
  title = {Currey-{H}oward terms for Linear Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {223--235},
  topic = {proof-theory;linear-llgic;}  
  } 

@article{ albritton:1957a,
  author = {Rogers Albritton},
  title = {Present Truth and Future Contingency},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1957},
  volume = {1957},
  number = {66},
  pages = {29--46},
  topic = {future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ albritton:1964a,
  author = {Rogers Albritton},
  title = {Comments},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {62},
  number = {21},
  pages = {691--694},
  xref = {Commentary on: putnam:1964a1.},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ albritton-moore_jd:1999a,
  author = {David Albritton and Johanna D. Moore},
  title = {Discourse Cues in Narrative Text: Using Production
			to Predict Conversation},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {1--8},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;discourse-cue-words;}  
  } 

@book{ albus:1981a,
  author = {James S. Albus},
  title = {Brains, Behavior and Robotics},
  publisher = {Byte Books},
  address = {Peterborough, New Hampshire},
  year = {1985},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
 } 

@article{ alchourron:1972a,
  author = {Carlos E. Alchourr\'on},
  title = {The Intuitive Background of Normal Legal Discourse
  	and its Formalization},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3--4},
  missinginfo = {pages = {447--}},
  topic = {legal-reasoning;deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ alchourron-bulygin:1981a,
  author = {Carlos E. Alchourr\'on and Eugenio Bulygin},
  title = {The Expressive Conception of Norms},
  booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Risto Hilpinen},
  pages = {95--125},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {normative-systems;permission;deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ alchourron-makinson:1981a,
  author = {Carlos E. Alchourr\'on and David C. Makinson},
  title = {Hierarchies of Regulations and Their Logic},
  booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Risto Hilpinen},
  pages = {125--148},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {deontic-logic;normative-systems;rules-and-regulations;}  
  } 

@article{ alchourron-makinson:1982a,
  author = {Carlos E. Alchourr\'on and David C. Makinson},
  title = {The Logic of Theory Change: Contraction Functions and Their
		Associated Revision Functions},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year  = {1982},
  volume = {48},
  pages = {14--37},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ alchourron-etal:1985a,
  author = {Carlos E. Alchourr\'on and Peter G\"ardenfors and David
  	C. Makinson},
  title = {On the Logic of Theory Change: Partial Meet Contraction Functions
	 and Their Associated Revision Functions},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year  = {1985},
  volume = {50},
  pages = {510--530},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@article{ alchourron-makinson:1985a,
  author = {Carlos E. Alchourr\'on and David C. Makinson},
  title = {On the Logic of Theory Change: Safe Contraction},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year  = {1985},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {405--422},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ alchourron:1991a,
  author = {Carlos E. Alchourr\'on},
  title = {Philosophical Foundations of Deontic Logic and the
  	Logic of Defeasible Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Deontic Logic in Computer Science},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, pages},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ alchourron:1994a,
  author = {Carlos E. Alchourr\'on},
  title = {Philosophical Foundations of Deontic Logic and the Logic of
  	Defeasible Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Deontic Logic in Computer Science: Normative System
  	Specification},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {J.J. Meyer and R.J. Wieringa},
  pages = {43--84},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;conditionals;
  	nonmonotonic-conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ alchourron:1995a,
  author = {Carlos E. Alchourr\'on},
  title = {Defeasible Logics: Demarcation and Affinities},
  booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig},
  pages = {67--102},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ alchourron:1996a,
  author = {Carlos Alchourr\'on},
  title = {Detachment and Defeasibility in Deontic Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {57},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--18},
  topic = {deontic-logic;prima-facie-obligation;}  
  } 

@article{ alderete-etal:1999a,
  author = {John Alderete and Jill Beckman and Laura Benula
	and Amalia Gnanadesikan and John McCarthy and
	Suzanne Urbanczyk},
  title = {Reduplication with Fixed Segmentation},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {327--364},
  topic = {reduplication;morphology;phonology;
		optimality-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ aldrich:1970a,
  author = {Virgil C. Aldrich},
  title = {Review of {\it Seeing and Knowing}, by {F}red {I}.
  	{D}retske},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {67},
  number = {23},
  pages = {995--1006},
  xref = {Review of dretske:1969a.},
  topic = {logic-of-perception;epistemology;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ alechina:1992a,
  author = {Natasha Alechina},
  title = {On a Decidable Generalized Quantifier Logic Corresponding
  	to a Decidable Fragment of First-Order Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {177--189},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ alechina:1997a,
  author = {Natasha Alechina},
  title = {Review of {\it Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and
  	Computation}, edited by {M}. {K}rynicki, {M}. {M}ostowski, and
	{L}.{W}. {S}zczerba},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {342--344},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ aleferes-etal:2002a,
  author = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Aleferes and J.A. Leite and Lu\'is Moniz
  	Pereira and Halina Przymusinska and Teodor C. Przymucinski},
  title = {{LUPS}---A Language for Updating Logic Programs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {138},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {87--116},
  topic = {logic-programming;program-revision;} 
  } 

@incollection{ aleliunas:1990a,
  author = {Romas Aleliunas},
  title = {A New Normative Theory of Probabilistic Logic},
  booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson},
  pages = {387--403},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {abstract-probability;probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ alexander_hg:1988a,
  author = {Hubert G. Alexander},
  title = {The Language and Logic of Philosophy},
  publisher = {University Press of America},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Lanham, Maryland},
  topic = {philosophical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ alexander_j-skyrms:1999a,
  author = {Jason Alexander and Brian Skyrms},
  title = {Bargaining with Neighbors:  Is Justice Contagious?},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {11},
  pages = {588--508},
  topic = {evolutionary-game-theory;distributive-justice;}  
  } 

@book{ alexanderofaphrodisias:bc,
  author = {Alexander of Aphrodisias},
  title = {Quaestiones},
  publisher = {Duckworth},
  year = {1992},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0715623729},
  note = {Translated by R. W. Sharples.},
  topic = {(in)determinism;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ alexandersson:1996a,
  author = {Jan Alexandersson},
  title = {Some Ideas for the Automatic Acquisition of Dialogue
  	Structure},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th {T}wente Workshop on Language
  	Technology},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {149--158},
  organization = {University of Twente},
  address = {Entschede},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor, publisher},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;discourse-structure;}  
  } 

@incollection{ alexandersson-poller:1998a,
  author = {Jan Alexandersson and Peter Poller},
  title = {Toward Multilingual Protocol Generation for Spontaneous
  	Speech Dialogues},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {198--207},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;machine-translation;}  
  } 

@book{ alexandersson:1999a,
  editor = {Jan Alexandersson},
  title = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Masahiro Araki and Kazunoru Komatani and Taishi Hirata
  		and Shuji Doshita, "A Dialogue Library for
		Task-Oriented Spoken Dialogue Systems"
	2. Maria Aretoulaki and Bernd Ludwig,
		"Automation-Descriptions and Theorem-Proving: A
  		Marriage Made in Heaven?"
	3. Johan Boye and Mats Wir\'en and Manny Rayner and
		Ian Lewin and David Carter and Ralph Becket,
		"Language-Proccessing Strategies for Mixed-Initiative
		Dialogues"
	4. Peter Bohlin and Robin Cooper and Elizabet Engdahl and
		Staffan Larsson, Information States and Dialogue Move
		Engines"
	5. Matthias Denecke and Alex Waibel, "Integrating Knowledge
		Sources for the Specification of a Task-Oriented
		Dialogue System"
	6. Annika Flycht-Eriksson, "A Survey of Knowledge Sources in
		Dialogue Systems"
	7. Joris Hulstijn, "Modeling Usability: Development Methods
		for Dialogue Systems"
	8. Michael Kipp and Jan Alexandersson and Norbert
  		Reithinger, "Understanding Spontaneous Negotiation
		Dialogue"
	9. Anke K\"olzer, "Universal Dialogue Specification for
		Conversational Systems"
       10. Diane J. Litman and Marilyn A. Walker and Michael
  		S. Kearns, "Acquiring Knowledge of System Performance
		for Spoken Dialogue"
       11. John Aberdeen and Sam Bayer and Sasha Caskey and Laurie
  		Damianos and Alan Goldschen and Lynette Hirschman and
		Dan Loehr and Hugo Trapper, "Implementing Practical
		Dialogue Systems with the {DARPA} Communicator
		Architecture"
       12. Richard McConachy and Ingrid Zukerman, "Dialogue
       		Requirements for Argumentation Systems"
       13. Susan McRoy and Syed S. Ali, "A Practical, Declarative
       		Theory of Dialogue"
       14. Mark Seligman and Jan Alexandersson and Kristiina
  		Jokinen, "Tracking Morphological and Semantic Co-Occurrences
  		in Spontaneous Dialogues"
       15. David Traum and Carl Andersen, "Representations of
       		Dialogue State for Domain and Task Independent
		Meta-Dialogue"
    } ,
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
 } 

@incollection{ alexandersson-heisterkamp:2000a,
  author = {Jan Alexandersson and Paul Heisterkamp},
  title = {Some Notes on the Complexity of Dialogues},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  pages = {160--169},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ alferes-pereira_lm:1992a,
  author = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira},
  title = {On Logic Program Semantics with Two Kinds of Negation},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming: Proceedings of the 1992 Joint
  	International Conference and Symposium},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {574--589},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {logic-programming;negation;negation-as-failure;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ alferes-pereira_lm:1992b,
  author = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira},
  title = {Belief, Provability, and Logic Programs},
  booktitle = {{JELIA}'94},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {106--121},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@book{ alferes-etal:1996a,
  editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Eva Orlowska},
  title = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence European Workshop:
  	Proceedings of {JELIA} '96, Evora, Portugal, September 30 -
	October 3, 1996},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540616306},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Peter Baumgartner and Ulrich Furbach and Ilkka Niemeld, "Hyper
     		Tableaux", pp. 1--17
     2. Hans de Nivelle, "An Algorithm for the Retrieval of Unifiers
     		from Discrimination Trees", pp. 18--33
     3. Christophe Bourely and Gilles Difourneaux and Nicolas
     		Peltier, "Building Proofs or Counterexamples by
		Analogy in a Resoluton Framework", pp. 34--49
     4. Anatoli Degtyarev and Andrei Voronkov, "What You Always
     		Wanted to Know About Rigid E-Unification", pp. 50--69
     5. Alberto Artosi and Paola Benassi and Guido Governatori and
     		Antonino Rotolo, "Labelled Proofs for Quantified
		Modal Logic", pp.  70--86
     6. Francesco M. Donini and Fabio Massacci and Daniele Nardi and
     		Riccardo Rosati, "A Uniform Tableaux Method for
		Nonmonotonic Modal Logics", pp. 87--103
     7. Peter Fr\"ohlich and Wolfgang Nejdl and Michael Schroeder,
     		"Design and Implementation of Diagnostic Strategies
		Using Modal Logic", pp. 104--118
     8. Filipe Santos and Josi Carmo, "A Modal Action Logic Based
     		Framework for Organization Specification and
		Analysis", pp. 119--133
     9. Michael R. Genesereth, "Mc{C}arthy's Idea", pp. 134--142
    10. Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\"is Moniz Pereira and Teodor C.
    		Przymusinski, "Strong and Explicit Negation in
		Non--Monotonic Reasoning and Logic
		Programming", pp. 143--163
    11. Joeri Engelfriet, "Only Persistence Makes Nonmonotonicity
    		Monotonous", pp. 164--175
    12. Konstantinos Georgatos, "Ordering-Based Representations of
    		Rational Inference", pp. 176--191
    13. Artur Mikitiuk, "Semi-Representability of Default Theories in
    		Rational Default Logic", pp. 192--207
    14. Viorica Ciorba, "A Query Answering Algorithm for {L}ukaszewicz'
    		General Open Default Theory", pp. 208--223
    15. Joeri Engelfriet and V. Wiktor Marek and Jan Treur and
    		Miroslaw Truszczynski, "Infinitary Default Logic for
		Specification of Nonmonotonic Reasoning", pp. 224--236
    16. Grigoris Antoniou and Allen P. Courtney and J\"urg Ernst and
    		Mary-Anne Williams, "A System for Computing
		Constrained Default Logic Extensions", pp. 237--250
    17. Chandrabose Aravindan, "An Abductive Framework for Negation
    		in Disjunctive Logic Programming", pp. 252--267
    18. Stefan Brass and J\"urgen Dix, "Characterizing D-WFS:
    		Confluence and Iterated {GCWA}", pp. 268--283
    19. Vasco Pedro and Lums Monteiro, "Modules and
    		Specifications", pp.284--300
    20. Manuel Enciso and Inman P. de Guzman and Carlos
    		Rossi, "Temporal Reasoning over Linear Discrete
		Time", pp. 303--319
    21. Regimantas Pliuskevicius, "Similarity Saturation for First
    		Order Linear Temporal Logic with {UNLESS}", pp. 320--336
    22. Brandon Bennett, "Carving Up Space: Steps Towards
    		Construction of an Absolutely Complete Theory of
		Spatial Regions", pp. 337--353
    23. Paola Forcheri and Paola Gentilini and Maria Teresa
    		Molfino, "Informational Logic for Automated
		Reasoning", pp. 354--372
    24. Michael Kaminski and Johann A. Makowsky and Michael L.
    		Tiomkin, "Extensions for Open Default Theories via
		the Domain Closure Assumption", pp. 373--387
    25. Cees Witteveen and Wiebe van der Hoek, "Revising and Updating
    		Using a Back-Up Semantics", pp. 388--403
    26. Philippe Besnard and Torsten Schaub, "A Simple Signed System
    		for Paraconsistent Reasoning", pp. 404--416
   } ,
  topic = {logic-in-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ alferes-pereira_lm:1996a,
  editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira},
  title = {Reasoning with Logic Programming},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  xref = {Review: tanaka:2001a.},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
 } 

@incollection{ alferes-etal:1998a,
  author = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Aleferes and J.A. Leite and Lu\'is Moniz
  	Pereira and Halina Przymusinska and Teodor C. Przymucinski},
  title = {Dynamic Logic Programming},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {98--109},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;logic-programming;belief-revision;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ alhalimi-kazman:1989a,
  author = {Reem Al-Halimi and Rick Kazman},
  title = {Temporal Indexing through Lexical Chaining},
  booktitle = {Word{N}et: An Electronic Lexical Database},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Christine Fellbaum},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {wordnet;temporal-representation;}  
  } 

@book{ alhibiri:1978a,
  author = {Azizah Al-Hibiri},
  title = {Deontic Logic: A Comprehensive Appraisal and
  	a New Proposal},
  publisher = {University Press of America},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Washington, District of Columbia},
  title = {Temporality and Deontic Logic},
  year = {1979},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Texas A\&M University},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ aliferis-cooper_gf:1994a,
  author = {Constantine F. Aliferis and Gregory F. Cooper},
  title = {An Evaluation of an Algorithm for Inductive Learning of
  	{B}ayesian Belief Networks Using Simulated Data Sets},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the
  	10th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence
	(UAI94)},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {8--14},
  missinginfo = {Editor, Organization, Address},
  topic = {machine-learning;Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@book{ aliseda-etal:1998a,
  editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl},
  title = {Computing Natural Language},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. John Perry, "Indexicals, Contexts, and Unarticulated
		       Constituents", pp. 1--11
  	2. John McCarthy and Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c}, "Formalizing
		Context (Expanded Notes)", pp. 13--50
  	3. Johan van Benthem, "Changing Contexts and Shifting
		Assertions", pp. 51--65
  	4. Jan Jaspars and Megumi Kameyama, "Discourse Preferences
		and Dynamic Logic", pp. 67--96
  	5. Victor S\'anchez Valencia, "Polarity, Predicates, and
		Monotonicity", pp. 97--117
  	6. M. Andrew Moshier, "HPSG as a Type Theory", pp. 119--139
  	7. Patrick Suppes, Michael B\"ottner and Lin Liang,
		"Machine Learning of Physics Word Problems", pp. 141--154
  	},
  topic = {context;grammar-formalisms;computational-linguistics;}  
 } 

@techreport{ allegranza-bech:1989a,
  author = {Valerio Allegranza and Annelise Bech},
  title = {A Versatile Tool for Treating Unbounded Dependency
  	Constructions in {NLP} and {MT} Systems},
  institution = {Gruppo Dima, Sviluppo di Sistimi Linguistica
  	Computazionale, Torino},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Torino, Italy},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {unbounded-dependency;parsing-algorithms;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ allemang-etal:1987a,
  author = {D. Allemang and M. Tanner and T. Bylander and J.
  	Josephson},
  title = {Computational Complexity of Hypothesis Assembly},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {John McDermott},
  pages = {1112--1117},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;abduction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ allen_b:1990a,
  author = {Beth Allen},
  title = {Costly Acquisition of (Differentiated) Information},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {169--184},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {communications-modeling;decision-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ allen_c-bekoff:1997a,
  editor = {Colin Allen and Marc Bekoff},
  title = {Species of Mind},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {animal-cognition;}  
 } 

@book{ allen_j-etal:1987a,
  author = {John Allen and Sharon Hunnicut and Dennis H. Klatt},
  title = {From Text to Speech: The {MIT}alk System},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {speech-generation;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ allen_jf:undateda,
  author = {James F. Allen},
  title = {Signs and Probability},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.  Said to be part appendix to
  	doctoral dissertation.},
  missinginfo = {year},
  contentnote = {Has a discussion of default reasoning in
	    ancient philosophy. --RT},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;ancient-philosophy;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ allen_jf:1979a,
  author = {James F. Allen},
  title = {A Plan-Based Approach to Speech Act Recognition},
  school = {University of Toronto},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Toronto, Ontario, Canada},
  topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;speech-act-recognition;
  	plan-recognition;}  
 } 

@article{ allen_jf-perrault:1980a,
  author = {James F. Allen and C. Raymond Perrault},
  title = {Analyzing Intention in Utterances},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {143--178},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {discourse;nl-interpretation;
  	plan-recognition;discourse-intentions;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ allen_jf:1983a,
  author = {James Allen},
  title = {Maintaining Knowledge about Temporal Intervals},
  journal = {Communications of the {ACM}},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {26},
  number = {11},
  pages = {832--843},
  xref = {Several republications. Daniel S. Weld and Johan de Kleer
  	   Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems allen:1983a3.
          Brachman & Levesque
	   Readings in Knowledge Representation allen:1983a2.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ allen_jf:1983a2,
  author = {James F. Allen},
  title = {Maintaining Knowledge about Temporal Intervals},
  booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  pages = {509--522},
  xref = {Originally appeared in Communications of the ACM; 1983; 832--843;
  	   allen:1983a.  Republished in Brachman & Levesque; Readings
	   in KR},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ allen_jf:1983a3,
  author = {James F. Allen},
  title = {Maintaining Knowledge about Temporal Intervals},
  booktitle = {Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel S. Weld and Johan de Kleer},
  pages = {361--372},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Originally appeared in Communications of the ACM 1983 832--843
  	   see allen:1983a.  Republished in Brachman & Levesque;
	   Readings in KR},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ allen_jf:1983b,
  author = {James F. Allen},
  title = {Recognizing Intentions from Natural Language Utterances},
  booktitle = {Computational Models of Discourse},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {M. Brady and R. Berwick},
  pages = {107--166},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {plan-recognition;nl-interpretation;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ allen_jf-koomen:1983a,
  author =  {James F. Allen and Johannes Koomen},
  title = {Planning Using a Temporal World Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Alan Bundy},
  pages = {741--747},
  publisher = {William Kaufmann, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;planning;}  
 } 

@article{ allen_jf:1984a1,
  author = {James Allen},
  title = {Towards a General Theory of Action and Time},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2},
  pages = {123--154},
  year  = {1984},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;action;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ allen_jf:1984a2,
  author = {James F. Allen},
  title = {Towards a General Theory of Action and Time},
  booktitle = {Readings in Planning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {James F. Allen and James Hendler and Austin Tate},
  pages = {464--479},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Originally in AI 23; 1984; 123--154},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;action;kr-course;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ allen_jf-litman:1986a,
  author = {James F. Allen and Diane Litman},
  title = {Plans, Goals, and Natural Language},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	University of Rochester.},
  topic = {planning;nl-processing;plan-recognition;}  
  } 

@article{ allen_jf-kautz:1987a,
  author = {James F. Allen and Henry A. Kautz},
  title = {Logicism Is Alive and Well},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {161--162},
  xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ allen_jf-kautz:1988a,
  author = {James F. Allen and Henry A. Kautz},
  title = {A Model of Naive Temporal Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Formal Theories of the Commonsense World},
  editor = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Robert C. Moore},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {251--268},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ allen_jf:1990a,
    author = {James F. Allen},
    title = {Two Views of Intention: Comments on {B}ratman and on {C}ohen
    	     and {L}evesque},
    booktitle = {Intentions in Communication},
    editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack},
    publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
    address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
    year = {1990},
    pages = {71--75},
    topic = {intention;practical-reasoning;foundations-of-planning;}  
    } 

@incollection{ allen_jf:1990b,
  author = {James F. Allen},
  title = {Formal Models of Planning},
  booktitle = {Readings in Planning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {James F. Allen and James Hendler and Austin Tate},
  pages = {50--54},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;action;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ allen_jf-etal:1990a,
  editor = {James Allen and James Hendler and Austin Tate},
  title = {Readings in Planning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {planning;foundations-of-planning;action;}  
  } 

@incollection{ allen_jf:1991a,
  author = {James F. Allen},
  title = {Planning as Temporal Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {3--14},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;planning;planning-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ allen_jf:1991b,
  author = {James F. Allen},
  title = {Temporal Reasoning and Planning},
  booktitle = {Reasoning about Plans},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Henry A. Kautz and Richard Pelavin and
  	Joshua Tennenberg},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {kr;planning;action;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ allen_jf:1991c,
  author = {James F. Allen},
  title = {Time and Time Again: The Many Ways to Represent Time},
  journal = {International Journal of Intelligent Systems},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {341--355},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;krcourse;}  
  } 

@book{ allen_jf-etal:1991a,
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  title = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;}  
 } 

@book{ allen_jf-etal:1991b,
  editor = {James F. Allen and Henry A. Kautz and Richard Pelavin and
  	Joshua Tennenberg},
  title = {Reasoning about Plans},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {planning;action;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ allen_jf-etal:1991c,
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  title = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;}  
 } 

@techreport{ allen_jf-ferguson:1994a,
  author = {James F. Allen and George Ferguson},
  title = {Actions and Events in Interval Temporal Logic},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, University of
  	Rochester},
  number = {521},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Rochester, New York},
  topic = {temporal-logic;events;action;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ allen_jf-etal:1996a,
  author = {James F. Allen and Bradford W. Miller and Eric K. Ringger
  	and Teresa Sikorski},
  title = {A Robust System for Natural Spoken Dialogue},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {62--70},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {speech-recognition;discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ allen_jf-fergusonferguson:1997a,
  author = {James F. Allen and George Ferguson},
  title = {Actions and Events in
         Interval Temporal Logic},
  booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Oliviero Stock},
  pages = {203--245},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;actions;events;}  
  } 

@book{ allen_jf:1999a,
  author = {James F. Allen},
  title = {Natural Language Understanding},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Company},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nlp-intro;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ allen_jf-etal:2000a,
  author = {James F.Allen and Donna Byron and Dave Costello and
  	Myroslava Dzikovska and George Ferguson and Lucian
	Galeescu and Amanda Stent},
  title = {{TRIPS}-911 System Demonstration},
  booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Candace Sidner et al.},
  pages = {33--35},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@article{ allen_k:2001a,
  author = {Keith Allen},
  title = {Review of {\it Toward a Cognitive Semantics} Volume 1 and
	{\it Toward a Cognitive Semantics} Volume 2, by {L}eonard {T}almy},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {309--315},
  xref = {Review of: talmy:2000a, talmy:2000b,},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ allen_le-engholm:1978a,
  author = {Layman E. Allen and C. Rudy Engholm},
  title = {Normalized Legal Drafting and the Query Method},
  journal = {Journal of Legal Education},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {380--412},
  topic = {legal-language;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ allen_le-saxon:1987a,
  author = {Layman E. Allen and Charles S. Saxon},
  year = {1987},
  title = {Some Problems in Designing Expert Systems to Aid Legal
	Reasoning},
  booktitle = {First International Conference on Artificial
       Intelligence and Law},
  pages = {94--103},
  address = {Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts},
  topic = {legal-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ allen_s:1989a,
  editor = {Sture All\'en},
  title = {Possible Worlds in Humanities, Arts and Sciences},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {philosophy-of-possible-worlds;possible-worlds-semantics;
  	literary-criticism;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;}  
 } 

@article{ allis-etal:1994a,
  author = {L. Victor Allis and Maarten van der Meulen and H. Jaap
  	van den Herik},
  title = {Proof-Number Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--124},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Proof-number search (pn-search) is designed for finding the
     game-theoretical value in game trees. It is based on ideas
     derived from conspiracy-number search and its variants, such as
     applied cn-search and [alpha][beta]-cn search. While in
     cn-search the purpose is to continue searching until it is
     unlikely that the minimax value of the root will change,
     pn-search aims at proving the true value of the root. Therefore,
     pn-search does not consider interim minimax values.
      Pn-search selects the next node to be expanded using two
     criteria: the potential range of subtree values and the number
     of nodes which must conspire to prove or disprove that range of
     potential values.  These two criteria enable pn-search to treat
     efficiently game trees with a non-uniform branching factor.
      It is shown that in non-uniform trees pn-search outperforms
     other types of search, such as [alpha]-[beta]
     iterative-deepening search, even when enhanced with
     transposition tables, move ordering for the full principal
     variation, etc.  Pn-search has been used to establish the
     game-theoretical values of Connect-Four, Qubic, and Go-Moku.
     There pn-search was able to find a forced win for the player to
     move first.  The experiments described here are in the domain of
     Awari, a game which has not yet been solved. The experiments are
     repeatable for other games with a non-uniform branching factor.
      This article describes the underlying principles of pn-search,
     presents an appropriate implementation, and provides an analysis
     of its strengths and weaknesses.
  } ,
  topic = {game-trees;search;conspiracy-number-search;}  
  } 

@incollection{ allport:1989a,
  author = {Alan Allport},
  title = {Visual Attention},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {16},
  pages = {631--682},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {attention;human-vision;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ allwein-barwise:1996a,
  editor = {Gerard Allwein and Jon Barwise},
  title = {Logical Reasoning With Diagrams},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: derijke:1999a.},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;
  	logical-reasoning;visual-reasoning;}  
 } 

@software{ allwein-etal:1999a,
  author = {Gerhard Allwein and Dave Barker-Plummer and Jon Barwise
  	and John Etchemendy},
  title = {{LPL} Software Manual},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  media = {CD-Rom},
  missinginfo = {platform, version},
  xref = {Accompanies barwise-etchemendy:1999a.},
  xref = {Review: grim:1999a.},
  topic = {logic-intro;logic-courseware;kr-course;}  
 } 

@article{ allwein-maccaull:2001a,
  author = {Gerard Allwein and Wendy MacCaull},
  title = {A {K}ripke Semantics for the Logic of {G}elfand Quantales},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {173--228},
  topic = {quantales;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ allwood:1972a1,
  author = {Jens Allwood},
  title = {Negation and the Strength of Presuppositions},
  booktitle = {Logic, Pragmatics and Grammar},
  publisher = {Department of Linguistics, University of Gothenberg},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {\"Osten Dahl},
  pages = {11--52},
  address = {Gothenberg},
  xref = {See allwood:1972a2},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ allwood:1972a2,
  author = {Jens Allwood},
  title = {Negation and the Strength of Presuppositions},
  institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of Gothenberg},
  number = {Logical Grammar Report 2},
  year = {1972},
  address = {Gothenberg, Sweden},
  xref = {Also in dahl:1972a; see allwood:1972a1.},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ allwood:1973a,
  author = {Jens Allwood},
  title = {Truth, Appropriateness, and Stress},
  institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of Gothenberg},
  number = {Gothenburg Papers in Theoretical Linguistics 16},
  year = {1973},
  address = {Gothenberg, Sweden},
  topic = {sentence-focus;discourse;prosody;intonation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ allwood:1974a,
  author = {Jens Allwood},
  title = {Intensity, Pitch, Duration},
  institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of Gothenberg},
  number = {Logical Grammar Report 11},
  year = {1974},
  address = {Gothenberg, Sweden},
  topic = {sentence-focus;discourse;prosody;intonation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ allwood:1976a,
  author = {Jens Allwood},
  title = {Linguistic Communication in Action and Co-Operation: A
  	Study in Pragmatics},
  institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of Gothenberg},
  publisher = {Department of Linguistics, University of Gothenberg,
  	Gothenberg Monographs in Linguistics},
  number = {2},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Gothenberg},
  topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@incollection{ allwood:1977a,
  author = {Jens Allwood},
  title = {A Critical Look at Speech Act Theory},
  booktitle = {Logic, Pragmatics and Grammar},
  publisher = {Department of Linguistics, University of Gothenberg},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {\"Osten Dahl},
  pages = {53--69},
  address = {Gothenberg},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ allwood-etal:1977a,
  author = {Jens Allwood and Lars-Gunnar Andersson and \"Osten Dahl},
  title = {Logic in Linguistics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {logic-and-linguistics;modal-logic;intensional-logic;
  	categorial-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ allwood:1978a,
  author = {Jens Allwood},
  title = {On the Analysis of Communicative Action},
  journal = {Gothenburg Papers in Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {38},
  topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@incollection{ allwood:1985a,
  author = {Jens Allwood},
  title = {Logic and Spoken Interaction},
  booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle},
  pages = {67--91},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {pragmatic-reasoning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ allwood:1997a,
  author = {Jens Allwood},
  title = {An Activity-Based Approach to Pragmatics},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative
		Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {6--11},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {David Traum},
  topic = {speech-acts;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ almeder:1990a,
  author = {Robert Almeder},
  title = {Vacuous Truth},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {84},
  number = {3},
  pages = {507--524},
  topic = {truth;correspondence-theory-of-truth;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ almog-kamp:1983a,
  author = {Joseph Almog and Hans Kamp},
  title = {Game-Theoretical Semantics: Some Critical Reflections on
  	the Contributions of {J}. {H}intikka, {L}. {C}arlsson 
	and {E}. {S}aarinen},
  year = {1983},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Stuttgart.},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ almog:1984a,
  author = {Joseph Almog},
  title = {Semantical Anthropology},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {479--489},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {reference;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ almog:1984b,
  author = {Joseph Almog},
  title = {Would You Believe That?},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {58},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--37},
  topic = {intensionality;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ almog:1984c,
  author = {Joseph Almog},
  title = {Believe It or Not: It Is a Puzzle},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {58},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--61},
  topic = {intensionality;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ almog:1989a,
  author = {Joseph Almog},
  title = {Logic and the World},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {197--220},
  topic = {philosophy-of-logic;logical-form;logical-consequence;}  
  } 

@book{ almog-etal:1989a,
  editor = {Joseph Almog and John Perry and Howard Wettstein},
  title = {Themes from {K}aplan},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy-collection;demonstratives;reference;}  
 } 

@article{ almog:1997a,
  author = {Joseph Almog},
  title = {The Complexity of Marketplace Logic},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {5},
  pages = {545--569},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ almog:1998a,
  author = {Joseph Almog},
  title = {The Subject Verb Object Class {I}},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {39-- 76},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {logical-form;syntax-semantics-interface;Montague-grammar;
  	foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ almog:1998b,
  author = {Joseph Almog},
  title = {The Subject Verb Object Class {II}},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {77--104},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {logical-form;syntax-semantics-interface;Montague-grammar;
  	foundations-of-semantics;indefiniteness;}  
  } 

@article{ almog:1999a,
  author = {Joseph Almog},
  title = {Nothing, Something, Infinity},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {9},
  pages = {462--478},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@article{ almuallim-dietterich:1994a,
  author = {Hussein Almuallim and Thomas G. Dietterich},
  title = {Learning {B}oolean Concepts in the Presence of Many
  	Irrelevant Features},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {279--305},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In many domains, an appropriate inductive bias is the
     MIN-FEATURES bias, which prefers consistent hypotheses definable
     over as few features as possible. This paper defines and studies
     this bias in Boolean domains.  First, it is shown that any
     learning algorithm implementing the MIN-FEATURES bias requires
     Theta((ln (1/[delta]) + [ 2p + p ln n])/ [epsilon]) training
     examples to guarantee PAC-learning a concept having p relevant
     features out of n available features.  This bound is only
     logarithmic in the number of irrelevant features.
      For implementing the MIN-FEATURES bias, the paper presents five
     algorithms that identify a subset of features sufficient to
     construct a hypothesis consistent with the training examples.
     FOCUS-1 is a straightforward algorithm that returns a minimal
     and sufficient subset of features in quasi-polynomial time.
     FOCUS-2 does the same task as FOCUS-1 but is empirically shown
     to be substantially faster than FOCUS-1. Finally, the
     Simple-Greedy, Mutual-Information-Greedy and Weighted-Greedy
     algorithms are three greedy heuristics that trade optimality for
     computational efficiency.
      Experimental studies are presented that compare these exact and
     approximate algorithms to two well-known algorithms, ID3 and
     FRINGE, in learning situations where many irrelevant features
     are present.  These experiments show that-contrary to
     expectations-the ID3 and FRINGE algorithms do not implement good
     approximations of MIN-FEATURES. The sample complexity and
     generalization performance of the FOCUS algorithms is
     substantially better than either ID3 or FRINGE on learning
     problems where the MIN-FEATURES bias is appropriate. These
     experiments also show that, among our three heuristics, the
     Weighted-Greedy algorithm provides an excellent approximation to
     the FOCUS algorithms.
  } ,
  topic = {machine-learning;PAC-learning;experimental-AI;
  	polynomial-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ almuallim:1996a,
  author = {Hussein Almuallim},
  title = {An Efficient Algorithm for Optimal Pruning of Decision
  	Trees},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {83},
  number = {2},
  pages = {347--362},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Pruning decision trees is a useful technique for improving the
     generalization performance in decision tree induction, and for
     trading accuracy for simplicity in other applications. In this
     paper, a new algorithm called OPT-2 for optimal pruning of
     decision trees is introduced.  The algorithm is based on dynamic
     programming.  In its most basic form, the time and space
     complexities of OPT-2 are both [Theta](nC), where n is the
     number of test nodes in the initial decision tree, and C is the
     number of leaves in the target (pruned) decision tree. This is
     an improvement over the recently published OPT algorithm of
     Bohanec and Bratko (which is the only known algorithm for
     optimal decision tree pruning) especially in the case of heavy
     pruning and when the tests of the given decision tree have many
     outcomes. If so desired, the space required by OPT-2 can further
     be reduced by a factor of r at the cost of increasing the
     execution time by a factor that is bounded above by (r+1)/2
     (this is a considerable overestimate, however). From a practical
     point of view, OPT-2 enjoys considerable flexibility in various
     aspects, and is easy to implement.
  } ,
  topic = {machine-induction;decision-trees;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ aloni-etal:1999a,
  author = {Maria Aloni and David Beaver and Brady Zack Clark},
  title = {Focus and Topic Sensitive Operators},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {55--61},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {focus;topic;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ alonso:2002a,
  author = {Eduardo Alonso},
  title = {{AI} and Agents: State of the Art},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {25--29},
  topic = {agent-architectures;multiagent-systems;} 
  } 

@book{ alshawi:1987a,
  author = {Hiyan Alshawi},
  title = {Memory and Context for Language Interpretaion},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: guets:1996a.},
  topic = {memory-models;memory;context;nl-interpretation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ alshawi:1996a,
  author = {Hiyan Alshawi},
  title = {Qualitative and Quantitative Models of Speech
  	Translation},
  booktitle = {The Balancing Act:  Combining Symbolic and Statistical
  	Approaches to Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik},
  pages = {27--48},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {word-sequence-probabilities;statistical-nlp;
  	speech-to-speech-machine-translation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ alshawi:1996b,
  author = {Hiyan Alshawi},
  title = {Head Automata and Bilingual Tiling: Translation with Mininal
  	Representations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {167--176},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {machine-translation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ alshawi:1996c,
  author = {Hiyan Alshawi},
  title = {Semantic Ambiguity and Perceived Ambiguity},
  booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {ambiguity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ alshawi:1996d,
  author = {Hiyan Alshawi},
  title = {Underspecified First Order Logics},
  booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters},
  pages = {145--158},
  topic = {semantic-underspecification;logic-of-ambiguity;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ alshawi:1997a,
  author = {Hiyan Alshawi and Adam L. Buchsbaum and Fei Xia},
  title = {A Comparison of Head Transducers and Transfer for a
  	Limited Domain Translation Application},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {360--365},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-tranalslation;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ alshawi-etal:1998a,
  author = {Hiyan Alshawi and Srinivas Bangalore and Shona Douglas},
  title = {Automatic Acquisition of Hierarchical Transduction Models
  	for Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {41--47},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {machine-translation;machine-learning;}  
 } 

@article{ alshawi-etal:2000a,
  author = {Hiyan Alshawi and Srinivas Bangalore and Shona Douglas},
  title = {Learning Dependency Translation Models as Collections of
  	Finite-State Head Transducers},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {45--60},
  topic = {finite-state-nlp;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ alsina-etal:1997a,
  editor = {Alex Alsina and Joan Bresnan and Peter Sells},
  title = {Complex Predicates},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  xref = {Review: gunkel:1998a},
  topic = {complex-predicates;morphology;syntax;}  
 } 

@article{ alston:1964a,
  author = {William P. Alston},
  title = {Linguistic Acts},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {138--146},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ alston:1964b,
  author = {William P. Alston},
  title = {Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1964},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jeersey},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ alston:1967a,
  author = {William P. Alston},
  title = {Vagueness},
  booktitle = {The Encyclopedia of Philosophy},
  publisher = {MacMillan},
  year = {1967},
  editor = {Paul Edwards},
  pages = {218--221},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ alston:1971a,
  author = {William P. Alston},
  title = {How Does One Tell Whether a Word Has One, Several, Or Many
  	Senses?},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {35--47},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {word-sense;philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;ambiguity;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ alterman:1985a,
  author = {Richard Alterman},
  title = {Adaptive Planning: Refitting Old Plans to New Situations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings 7th Cognitive Science Society},
  year = {1985},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages},
  topic = {plan-reuse;}  
} 

@article{ alterman:1985b,
  author = {Richard Alterman},
  title = {A Dictionary Based on Concept Coherence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {153--186},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     NEXUS is a computational system which uses a dictionary of 100
     to 150 event/state concepts to construct representations of
     narrative text.  Associated with each event/state concept are
     its deep case relations and their default values. Concepts in
     the dictionary are related by one of seven event/state concept
     coherence relations.  Relationships between concepts include a
     list of constraints on the matching of case arguments between
     the two concepts.
      NEXUS has been successfully applied to eight paragraph-length
     samples of text, including ``A Restaurant Story'', ``The Margie
     Story'', and ``Robbing a Liquor Store''. The resulting discourse
     representations have been used successfully to answer questions
     and compute summaries for these texts.
      The organization of this paper is as follows. After introducing
     the notion of event/state concept coherence, the paper proceeds
     by discussing the structure of the dictionary. This includes
     detailed descriptions of how individual concepts are represented
     and related, and some discussion of issues concerning causality
     and property inheritance. Then, after giving some brief examples
     of the representations produced by NEXUS, the NEXUS program is
     described.  NEXUS was programmed in procedural logic in LISP, so
     this section will include Horn clause specifications. The fourth
     section of the paper shows a subportion of the dictionary and,
     in detail, describes NEXUS processing of five samples of text.
     Included in the appendix are examples of NEXUS' input and
     output.
  } ,
  topic = {text-understanding;computational-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ alterman:1986a,
  author = {Richard Alterman},
  title = {Adaptive Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  pages = {65--69},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {plan-reuse;}  
  } 

@article{ alterman-etal:1988a,
  author = {Richard Alterman and R. Zito-Wolf and T. Carpenter},
  title = {Adaptive Planning},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {361--398},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {plan-reuse;}  
  } 

@book{ altham_jej:1971a,
  author = {J.E.J. Altham},
  title = {The Logic of Plurality},
  publisher = {Methuen \& Co.},
  year = {1971},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {plural;nl-quantifiers;}  
 } 

@article{ althofer:1990a,
  author = {Ingo Alth\"ofer},
  title = {An Incremental Negamax Algorithm},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {43},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--65},
  topic = {game-playing;search;}  
  } 

@article{ althofer:1991a,
  author = {Ingo Alth\"ofer},
  title = {Data Compression Using an Intelligent Generator: The
  	Storage of Chess Games as an Example},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {52},
  number = {1},
  pages = {109--113},
  topic = {data-compression;}  
  } 

@article{ althofer-balkenhol:1991a,
  author = {Ingo Alth\"ofer and Bernhard Balkenhol},
  title = {A Game Tree with Distinct Leaf Values Which Is Easy for
  	The Alpha-Beta Algorithm},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2991},
  volume = {52},
  number = {2},
  pages = {183--190},
  topic = {game-playing;search;game-trees;}  
  } 

@article{ altman_gtm:1988a,
  author = {Gerry T.M. Altmann},
  title = {Ambiguity, Parsing Strategies, and Computational Models},
  journal = {Language and Cognitive Processes},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {73--97},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {cognitive-modularity;parsing-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ altman_gtm-steedman:1988a,
  author = {Gerry T.M. Altmann and Mark Steedman},
  title = {Interaction with Context During Human Sentence Processing},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {191--238},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {cognitive-modularity;parsing-psychology;context;}  
  } 

@article{ altman_gtm:1989a,
  author = {Gerry T.M. Altmann},
  title = {Parsing and Interpretation: An Introduction},
  journal = {Language and Cognitive Processes},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {1--19},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {cognitive-modularity;parsing-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ altman_gtm:1998a,
  author = {Gerry T.M. Altman},
  title = {The Ascent of {B}abel},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-19-852377-7 (paperback), 0-19-852378-5 (hardback)},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ altmann_rb:1999a,
  author = {Ross B. Altmann},
  title = {{AI} in Medicine---The Spectrum of Challenges from
  	Managed Care to Molecular Medicine},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {67--77},
  topic = {medical-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ altrichter:1985a,
  author = {Ferenc Altrichter},
  title = {Belief and Possibility},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {82},
  number = {7},
  pages = {364--382},
  topic = {Pierre-puzzle;belief;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ amar-mcilraith:2000a,
  author = {Eyal Amar and Sheila McIlraith},
  title = {Partition-Based Logical Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {389--400},
  topic = {logics-of-context;theorem-proving;modularized-logics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ amarel:1968a1,
  author = {Saul Amarel},
  title = {On Representations of Problems of Reasoning
	  about Actions},
  editor = {D. Mitchie},
  booktitle = {Machine Intelligence 3},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood},
  address = {Chichester, England},
  pages = {131--171},
  year = {1968},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name},
  xref = {Republication: amarel:1968a2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;action;}  
  } 

@incollection{ amarel:1968a2,
  author = {Saul Amarel},
  title = {On Representations of Problems of Reasoning
	  about Actions},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {2--22},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: amarel:1968a1.},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;action;}  
  } 

@incollection{ amarger-etal:1991a,
  author = {St\'ephanie Amarger and Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Imprecise Quantifiers and Conditional Probabilities},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {33--37},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {fuzzy-logic;quantifiers;probability;}  
  } 

@article{ amati-etal:1995a,
  author = {Fianni Amati and Luigia Aiello and Fiora Pirri},
  title = {Defaults as Restrictions on Classical {H}ilbert-Style Proofs},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {303--326},
  contentnote= {Uses idea of coherence constraints on proofs to provide
  	a general formulation of default logic.},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ amati-etal:1996b,
  author = {Fianni Amati and Luigia Aiello and Dov M. Gabbay and
  	Fiora Pirri},
  title = {A Proof-Theoretical Approach to Default Reasoning {I}:
       Tableaux for Default Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {205--231},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ amati-pirri:1996a,
  author = {Giuseppe Amati and Fiora Pirri},
  title = {Is There a Logic of Provability for Nonmonotonic
  	Reasoning?},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {493--503},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;proof-theory;nonmonotonic-logic;provability-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ amati-etal:1997a,
  author = {Gianni Amati and Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Fiora Pirri},
  title = {Definability and Commonsense Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {93},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {169--199},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;definitions;nonmonotonic-reasoning ;}  
  } 

@article{ amati-etal:1997b,
  author = {Giambattista Amati and Luigi Carlucci-Aiello and
  	Fiora Pirri},
  title = {Intuitionistic Autoepistemic Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1},
  pages = {103--120},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ amati-pirri:1997a,
  author = {Gianni Amati and Fiora Pirri},
  title = {Contexts as Relative Definitions: A Formalization Via Fixed
  	Points},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {7--14},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;modal-logic;fixpoints;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ amaya-benedi:2000a,
  author = {F. Amaya and J.M. Bened\'i},
  title = {Using Perfect Sampling in Parameter Estimation of a Whole
  	Sentence Maximum Entropy Language Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {79--82},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;n-gram-models;}  
  } 

@article{ ambite-knoblock:2000a,
  author = {Jos\'e Luis Ambite and Craig A. Knoblock},
  title = {Flexible and Scalable Cost-Based Query Planning in
  	Mediators: A Transformational Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {118},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {115--161},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The Internet provides access to a wealth of information. For any
     given topic or application domain there are a variety of
     available information sources.  However, current systems, such as
     search engines or topic directories in the World Wide Web, offer
     only very limited capabilities for locating, combining, and
     organizing information.  Mediators, systems that provide
     integrated access and database-like query capabilities to
     information distributed over heterogeneous sources, are critical
     to realize the full potential of meaningful access to networked
     information.
      Query planning, the task of generating a cost-efficient plan
     that computes a user query from the relevant information
     sources, is central to mediator systems.  However, query planning
     is a computationally hard problem due to the large number of
     possible sources and possible orderings on the operations to
     process the data.  Moreover, the choice of sources, data
     processing operations, and their ordering, strongly affects the
     plan cost.
      In this paper, we present an approach to query planning in
     mediators based on a general planning paradigm called Planning
     by Rewriting (PbR) (Ambite and Knoblock, 1997).  Our work yields
     several contributions.  First, our PbR-based query planner
     combines both the selection of the sources and the ordering of
     the operations into a single search space in which to optimize
     the plan quality.  Second, by using local search techniques our
     planner explores the combined search space efficiently and
     produces high-quality plans.  Third, because our query planner
     is an instantiation of a domain-independent framework it is very
     flexible and can be extended in a principled way.  Fourth, our
     planner has an anytime behavior.  Finally, we provide empirical
     results showing that our PbR-based query planner compares
     favorably on scalability and plan quality over previous
     approaches, which include both classical AI planning and
     dynamic-programming query optimization techniques.
   } ,
  topic = {information-retrieval;query-planning;
  	AI-and-the-internet;}  
  } 

@article{ ambler-popplestone:1975a,
  author = {A.P. Ambler and R.J. Popplestone},
  title = {Inferring the Positions of Bodies from Specified Spatial
  	Relationships},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {157--174},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A program has been developed which takes a specification of a
     set of bodies and of spatial relations that are to hold between
     them in some goal state, and produces expressions denoting the
     positions of the bodies in the goal state together with residual
     equations linking the variables in these expressions.
   } ,
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ ambros-ingerson:1987a,
  author = {Jose Ambros-Ingerson},
  title = {Integrated Planning, Execution, and Monitoring},
  school = {Department of Computer Science, University of Essex},
  year = {1987},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Essex, England},
  topic = {plan-monitoring;}  
 } 

@article{ amilhastre-etal:2002a,
  author = {J\'erome Amilhastre and H\'e;\`ene Fargier and Pierre Marquis},
  title = {Consistency Restoration and Explanations in Dynamic
  	{CSP}s---Application to Configuration},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {135},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {199--234},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;explanation;reasoning-about-consistency;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ amir:1997a,
  author = {Eyal Amir},
  title = {Applications of Context to Elaboration Tolerance (Abstract)},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {15--16},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;elaboration-tolerance;}  
  } 

@incollection{ amir:1998a,
  author = {Eyal Amir},
  title = {Pointwise Circumscription Revisited},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {202--210},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;circumscription;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ amir:1999a,
  author = {Eyal Amir},
  title = {Object-Oriented First-Order Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
	Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Michael Thielscher},
  pages = {1--8},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {context;logics-of-context;object-oriented-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ amir:2002a,
  author = {Eyal Amir},
  title = {Projection in Decomposed Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {315--326},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;frame-problem;temporal-reasoming;reasoning-about-actions;} 
  } 

@article{ ammon:1993a,
  author = {Kurt Ammon},
  title = {An Automatic Proof of G\"odel's Incompleteness Theorem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {291--306},
  topic = {theorem-proving;goedels-first-theorem;}  
  } 

@article{ ammon:1997a,
  author = {Kurt Ammon},
  title = {An Automatic Proof of G\"odel's Incompleteness Theorem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {95},
  number = {1},
  pages = {203--207},
  topic = {theorem-proving;goedels-first-theorem;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ amor-etal:2000a,
  author = {N. Ben Amor and Salem Benferhat and Didier Dubois
         and H\'ector Geffner and Henri Prade},
  title = {Independence in Qualitative Uncertainty Networks},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {235--246},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@incollection{ amores-quesada:2002a,
  author = {J. Gabriel Amores and Jos\'e Quesada},
  title = {Cooperation and Collaboration in Natural Language Command 
	Dialogues},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {5--11},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {cooperation;computational-dialogue;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ amsili-rossari:1998a,
  author = {Pascal Amsili and Corinne Rossari},
  title = {Tense and Connective Constraints on The Expression of
  	Causality},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {48--54},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {nl-tense;nl-causality;}  
 } 

@incollection{ amsler:1994a,
  author = {Robert A. Amsler},
  title = {Research Toward the Development of a Lexical
    		Knowledge Base for Natural Language Translation},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {155--175},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;machine-translation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ amsterdam:1991a,
  author = {Jonathan  Amsterdam},
  title = {Temporal Reasoning and Narrative Conventions},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {15--21},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;narrative-representation;narrative-understanding;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ amtrup-weber:1998a,
  author = {Jan W. Amtrup and Volker Weber},
  title = {Time Mapping with Hypergraphs},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {55--61},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
 } 

@article{ anagnostopoulou:1999a,
  author = {Elena Anagnostopoulou},
  title = {Toward a More Complete Typology of Anaphoric
  	Expressions},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {30},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--119},
  topic = {anaphora;}  
  } 

@book{ anand:1993a,
  author = {Paul Anand},
  title = {Foundations of Rational Choice under Risk},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-19-823303-5},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;foundations-of-utility;}  
 } 

@article{ anantharaman-etal:1990a,
  author = {Thomas Anantharaman and Murray S. Campbell and Feng-hsiung Hsu},
  title = {Singular Extensions: Adding Selectivity to Brute-Force
  	Searching},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {43},
  number = {1},
  pages = {99--109},
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@article{ andersen_sk:1991a,
  author = {Stig K{\ae}r Andersen},
  title = {Review of {\it Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent
  	Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference}, by {J}udea
	{P}earl},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {48},
  number = {1},
  pages = {117--124},
  xref = {Review of pearl:1988a.},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;reasoning-about-uncertainty;
  	uncertainty-in-AI;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ anderson_ah:1999a,
  author = {A.H. Anderson and J. Mullin and E. Katsavras and R. McEwan
			and E. Grattan and P. Brundell},
  title = {Understanding Multiparty Multimedia Interactions},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {9--16},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;multimodal-communication;collaboration;}  
  } 

@incollection{ anderson_ah-howarth:2002a,
  author = {Anne H. Anderson and Barbara Howarth},
  title = {Referential Form and Word Duration in Video-Mediated and
  	Face-to-Face Dialogues},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {13--28},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {psychology-of-discourse;} 
  } 

@article{ anderson_ar:1958a,
  author = {Alan R. Anderson},
  title = {A Reduction of Deontic Logic to Alethic Modal
		Logic},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {100--103},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ anderson_ar:1958b,
  author = {Alan R. Anderson},
  title = {The Logic of Norms},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {84--91},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ anderson_ar:1959a,
  author = {Alan R. Anderson},
  title = {Church on Ontological Commitment},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1959},
  volume = {56},
  number = {10},
  pages = {448--452},
  topic = {ontological-commitment;} 
  } 

@article{ anderson_ar:1962a,
  author = {Alan R. Anderson},
  title = {Logic, Norms, and Roles},
  journal = {Ratio},
  volume = {4},
  year = {1962},
  pages = {32--49},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
    } 

@article{ anderson_ar-belnap:1962b,
  author = {Alan R. Anderson and Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}},
  title = {Tautological Entailments},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  volume = {1--2},
  year = {1962},
  pages = {9--49},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
    } 

@article{ anderson_ar:1967a,
  author = {Alan Ross Anderson},
  title = {Some Nasty Problems in the Formal Logic of Ethics},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {33},
  number = {1},
  pages = {345--360},
  topic = {deontic-logic;relevance-logic;} 
  } 

@article{ anderson_ar:1970a,
  author = {Alan Ross Anderson},
  title = {The Logic of {H}ofeldian Propositions},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {12},
  missinginfo = {pages, number},
  topic = {logic-and-law;deontic-logic;} 
  } 

@book{ anderson_ar-belnap:1975a,
  author = {Alan R. Anderson and Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}},
  title = {Entailment: The Logic of Relevance and Necessity},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {1},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ anderson_ar:1977a,
  author = {Alan R. Anderson},
  title = {Ought, Time, and Deontic Paradoxes},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {74},
  number = {12},
  pages = {775--791},
  topic = {deontic-logic;} 
  } 

@book{ anderson_ar-etal:1992a,
  author = {Alan R. Anderson and Nuel Belnap and J. Michael Dunn},
  title = {Entailment: The Logic of Relevance and Necessity},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  volume = {2},
  year = {1992},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
    } 

@article{ anderson_ca:1980a,
  author = {C. Anthony Anderson},
  title = {Some New Axioms for the Logic of Sense and Denotation:
  	Alternative (0)},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {217--234},
  topic = {Frege;intensional-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ anderson_ca:1980b,
  author = {C. Anthony Anderson},
  title = {Some Difficulties Concerning {R}ussellian Intensional Logic},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {35--43},
  topic = {Russell;intensionality;} 
  } 

@article{ anderson_ca:1984a,
  author = {C. Anthony Anderson},
  title = {The Paradox of the Knower},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {80},
  pages = {338--355},
  number = {6},
  topic = {syntactic-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ anderson_ca:1984b,
  author = {C. Anthony Anderson},
  title = {General Intensional Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}:
  	Extensions of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {355--385},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {modal-logic;higher-order-logic;intensional-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ anderson_ca:1984c,
  author = {C. Anthony Anderson},
  title = {Divine Omnipotence and Impossible Tasks:  An Intensional
  	Analysis},
  journal = {International Journal of Philosophy and Religion},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {109--124},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {omnipotence;paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ anderson_ca:1987a,
  author = {C. Anthony Anderson},
  title = {Bealer's {\it Quality and Concept}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  number = {2},
  pages = {115--164},
  topic = {intensionality;hyperintensionality;epistemic-logic;
  	property-theory;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ anderson_ca:1987b,
  author = {C. Anthony Anderson},
  title = {Semantical Antinomies in the Logic of Sense and Denotation},
  journal = {Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {99--114},
  topic = {logic-of-sense-and-denotation;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ anderson_ca:1989a,
  author = {C. Anthony Anderson},
  title = {Russell on Order in Time},
  booktitle = {Reading {R}ussell: Essays on {B}ertrand {R}ussell's
  	Metaphysics and Epistemology},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {C. Wade Savage and C. Anthony Anderson},
  pages = {249--263},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {events;philosophy-of-time;temporal-ontology;} 
  } 

@book{ anderson_ca-owens_j2:1990a,
  editor = {C. Anthony Anderson and Joseph Owens},
  title = {Propositional Attitudes: The Role of Content in Logic,
  	Language, and Mind},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Kit Fine, "Quine on Quantifying In"
	2. Hans Kamp, "Prolegomena to a Structural Theory of Belief
		and other Attitudes"
	3. Ernest LePore and Barry Loewer, "A Study in Comparative Semantics"
	4. Tyler Burge, "Wherein is Language Social?"
	5. Robert Stalnaker, "Narrow Content"
	6. Joseph Owens, "Cognitive Access and Semantic Puzzle"
	7. John Wallace and H.E. Mason, "On some Thought Experiments
		about Mind and Meaning"
       10. Keith S. Donnellan, "Belief and the Identity of Reference"
       11. Nathan Salmon, "A {M}illian Heir Rejects the Wages of {S}inn"
       12. Stephen Schiffer, "The Mode-of-Presentation Problem"
       13. John R. Searle, "Consciousness, Unconsciousness and
       		Intentionality"
       14. Keith Gunderson, "Consciousness and Intentionality:
       		Robots with and without the Right Stuff"
   } ,
  ISBN = {0937073512},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;}  
 } 

@article{ anderson_ca:1993a,
  author = {C. Anthony Anderson},
  title = {Toward a Logic of A Priori Knowledge},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {1--20},
  topic = {a-priori;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ anderson_ca:1998a,
  author = {C. Anthony Anderson},
  title = {Alonzo {C}hurch's Contributions to Philosophy and
  	Intensional Logic},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {129--171},
  topic = {intensionality;Church;history-of-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ anderson_dr:1987a,
  author = {Douglas R. Anderson},
  title = {Creativity and the Philosophy of {C}.{S}. {P}eirce},
  publisher = {Reidel},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {Peirce;creativity;}  
 } 

@book{ anderson_e:1993a,
  author = {Elizabeth Anderson},
  title = {Value in Ethics and Economics},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {foundations-of-utility;rationality;}  
 } 

@book{ anderson_j:1971a,
  author = {John Anderson},
  title = {The Grammar of Case: Towards a Localistic Theory},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {case-grammar;thematic-roles;}  
 } 

@book{ anderson_j:1979a,
  author = {John Anderson},
  title = {On Being without a Subject},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1979},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {case-grammar;grammatical-relations;}  
 } 

@book{ anderson_ja-rosenfeld:1998a,
  editor = {James A. Anderson and Edward Rosenfeld},
  title = {Talking Nets: An Oral History of Neural Networks},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262011670},
  xref = {Reviews: sharkey:2000a, wurtz:2000a.},
  topic = {history-of-AI;connectionism;}  
 } 

@book{ anderson_jr-bower:1973a,
  author = {John R. Anderson and Gordon H. Bower},
  title = {Human Associative Memory},
  publisher = {V.H. Winston},
  year = {1973},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  topic = {memory;memory-models;cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ anderson_jr:1983a,
  author = {John R. Anderson},
  title = {The Architecture of Cognition},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0674044258},
  xref = {Review: vanlehn:1986a.},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;foundations-of-cognitive-science;
  	cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ anderson_jr:1989a,
  author = {John R. Anderson},
  title = {A Theory of the Origins of Human Knowledge},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {40},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {313--351},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The PUPS theory and its ACT* predecessor are computational
     embodiments of psychology's effort to develop a theory of the
     origins of knowledge. The theories contain proposals for
     extraction of knowledge from the environment, a strength-based
     prioritization of knowledge, knowledge compilation mechanisms
     for forming use-specific versions of knowledge, and induction
     mechanisms for extending knowledge. PUPS differs from ACT*
     basically in its principles of induction which include
     analogy-based generalization, a discrimination mechanism, and
     principles of making causal inferences.  The knowledge in these
     theories can be classified into the knowledge level, algorithm
     level, and implementation level.  Knowledge at the knowledge
     level consists of information acquired from the environment and
     innate principles of induction and problem solving. Knowledge at
     the algorithm level consists of internal deductions, inductions,
     and compilation.  Knowledge at the implementation level takes
     the form of setting strengths for the encoding of specific
     pieces of information.
  } ,
  topic = {cognitive-architecture;machine-learning;induction;}  
  } 

@book{ anderson_jr:1990a,
  author = {John R. Anderson},
  title = {Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications},
  edition = {3},
  publisher = {W.H. Freeman},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {071672085X},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ anderson_jr-etal:1990a,
  author = {John R. Anderson and C. Franklin Boyle and Albert T. Corbett
  	and Matthew W. Lewis},
  title = {Cognitive Modeling and Intelligent Tutoring},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {42},
  number = {1},
  pages = {7--49},
  topic = {cognitive-modelling;intelligent-tutoring;}  
  } 

@book{ anderson_jr:1995a,
  author = {John R. Anderson},
  title = {Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications},
  edition = {4},
  publisher = {W.H. Freeman},
  year = {1995},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0716723859},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ anderson_jr-lebiere:1998a,
  author = {John R. Anderson and Christian J. Lebiere},
  title = {The Atomic Components of Thought},
  publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ anderson_lv:1985a,
  author = {Lyle V. Anderson},
  title = {Moral Dilemmas, Deliberation, and Choice},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {82},
  number = {3},
  pages = {139--162},
  topic = {practical-reason;}  
  } 

@incollection{ anderson_ml-etal:2002a,
  author = {Michael L. Anderson and Yoshi A. Okamoto and Darsana Josyula
     		and Don Perlis},
  title = {The Use-Mention Distinction and its Importance to {HCI}},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {21--28},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  title = {On Putting Apples into Bottles: A Problem of Polysemy},
  journal = {Cognitive Psychology},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {167--180},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {polysemy;}  
  } 

@article{ anderson_rc-etal:1977a,
  author = {R.C. Anderson and R.E. Reynolds and D.L. Schallert and
  	E.T. Goetz},
  title = {Frameworks for Comprehending Discourse},
  journal = {American Educational Research Journal},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {367--381},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ anderson_sr:1971a,
  author = {Steven R. Anderson},
  title = {On the Linguistic Status of the Performative/Constative
  	Distinction},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1971},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {speech-acts;}  
  } 

@article{ anderson_sr:1972a,
  author = {Steven R. Anderson},
  title = {How to Get `Even'},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {48},
  pages = {893--906},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {sentence-focus;`even';pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ anderson_sr:1972b,
  author = {Steven R. Anderson},
  title = {Pro-Sentential Forms and Their Implications for {E}nglish
  	Sentence Structure},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1972},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {pro-forms;}  
  } 

@book{ anderson_sr-kiparsky_p:1973a,
  editor = {Stephen R. Anderson and Paul Kiparsky},
  title = {A {F}estschrift for {M}orris {H}alle},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.},
  year = {1973},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {linguistics-general;}  
 } 

@incollection{ anderson_sr:1981a,
  author = {Stephen R. Anderson},
  title = {Topicalization in Breton},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the
  	Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  publisher = {Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  year = {1981},
  address = {University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley,
  	California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {s-topic;Breton-language;}  
  } 

@book{ anderson_sr:1985a,
  author = {Stephen R. Anderson},
  title = {Phonology in the Twentieth Century},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {phonology;history-of-phonology;}  
 } 

@book{ anderson_wt:1990a,
  author = {Walter Truett Anderson},
  title = {Reality Isn't What it Used to Be},
  publisher = {Harper San Francisco},
  year = {1990},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {popular-culture;postmodernism;philosophical-realism;}  
 } 

@techreport{ andersson_lg:1973a,
  author = {Lars-Gunnar Andersson},
  title = {{\"an vad som}---A Note on Comparative Clauses in {S}wedish},
  institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of G\"oteborg},
  number = {22},
  year = {1973},
  address = {G\"oteborg},
  note = {Logical Grammar Reports},
  topic = {comparative-constructions;Swedish-language;}  
  } 

@techreport{ andersson_lg:1973b,
  author = {Lars-Gunnar Andersson},
  title = {A Note on Comparative Clauses in {S}wedish},
  institution = {Gothenburg Papers in Theoretical Linguistics, Dept.
  	of Linguistics, Univ. of G\"oteborg},
  year = {1973},
  address = {G\"oteborg},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {comparative-constructions;Swedish-language;} 
  } 

@techreport{ andersson_lg:1973c,
  author = {Lars-Gunnar Andersson},
  title = {On the Comp-{S} Analysis},
  institution = {Gothenburg Papers in Theoretical Linguistics, Dept.
  	of Linguistics, Univ. of G\"oteborg},
  year = {1973},
  address = {G\"oteborg},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {nl-syntax;complementation;} 
  } 

@techreport{ andersson_lg:1974a,
  author = {Lars-Gunnar Andersson},
  title = {Questions and Other Open Structures},
  institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of G\"oteborg},
  number = {9},
  year = {1974},
  address = {G\"oteborg},
  note = {Logical Grammar Reports},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
  } 

@techreport{ andersson_lg:1974b,
  author = {Lars-Gunnar Andersson},
  title = {The {NP} Status of {\em that\/}-Clauses and Infinitives},
  institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of G\"oteborg},
  number = {1},
  year = {1974},
  address = {G\"oteborg},
  note = {Logical Grammar Reports},
  topic = {complementation;}  
  } 

@article{ andler:1993a,
  author = {Daniel Andler},
  title = {Is Context a Problem?},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {93},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {context;}  
 } 

@techreport{ andre-rist:1991a,
  author = {Elisabeth Andr\'e and Thomas Rist},
  title = {Synthesizing Illustrated Documents: a Plan-Based
  	Approach},
  institution = {DFKI --- German Research Center for Artificial
  	Intelligence, Saarbruecken, Germany},
  year = {1991},
  number = {DFKI-RR-91-06},
  topic = {nl-generation;multimedia-generation;}  
} 

@article{ andre-etal:2000a,
  author = {Elizabeth Andr\'e and Kim Binsted and Kumito Tanaka-Ishii
  	and Sean Luke and Gerd Herzog and Thomas Rist},
  title = {Three {R}obo{C}up Simulation League Commentator Systems},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--65},
  topic = {nl-generation;animation;embodied-nlp;}  
  } 

@incollection{ andreasen:2000a,
  author = {Robin O. Andreasen},
  title = {Race: Biological Reality or Social Construct?},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S653--S666},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {natural-kinds;philosophy-of-social-science;racial-stereotypes;}  
  } 

@article{ andreka-etal:1982a,
  author = {Hajnal Andr\'eka and I. N\'emeti and L. Sain},
  title = {A Complete Logic for Reasoning about Programs Via
  	Nonstandard Model Theory {I}},
  journal = {Theoretical Computer Science},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {192--212},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;nonstandard-models;}  
  } 

@article{ andreka-mikulas:1994a,
  author = {Hajnal Andr\'eka and Szabolcs Mikul\'as},
  title = {Lambek calculus and its Relational Semantics: Completeness
  	and Incompleteness},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--37},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;}  
  } 

@incollection{ andreka-etal:1996a,
  author = {Hajnal Andr\'eka and \'Agnes Kurucz and Istv\'an N\'emeti
		Ildik\'o Sain and Andr\'as Simon},
  title = {Investigations in Arrow Logic},
  booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic},
  publisher = {{CLSI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {63--99},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {arrow-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ andreka-etal:1998a,
  author = {Hajnal Andr\'eka and Istv\'an N\'emeti and
  	Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Modal Logic and Bounded Fragments of Predicate Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {217--274},
  topic = {modal-logic;model-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ angelini:1998a,
  author = {Bianca Angelini and Daliele Falavigna and Maurizio Onologi
		and Renato de Mori},
  title = {Basic Speech Sounds, their Analysis and Features},
  booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Renato de Mori},
  pages = {69--121},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {phonetics;speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@book{ ankersmit-mooij:1993a,
  editor = {F.R. Ankersmit and J.J.A. Mooij},
  title = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {III}, Metaphor and
  	Knowledge},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ankersmit-mooij:1993b,
  author = {F.R. Ankersmit and J.J.A. Mooij},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {III}, Metaphor and
  	Knowledge},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {F.R. Ankersmit and J.J.A. Mooij},
  pages = {1--17},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ annas-barnes:2000a,
  editor = {Julia Annas and Jonathan Barnes},
  title = {Sextus {E}mpiricus: Outlines of Scepticism},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052177139-0},
  topic = {ancient-philosophy;skepticism;}  
 } 

@book{ anonymous:1978a,
  title = {{NELS 8}: Proceedings of the Eighth Conference of the
  	{N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  publisher = {GLSA Publications},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications:
  	http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.},
  topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ anonymous:1981a,
  title = {{NELS 11}: Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference of the
  	{N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  publisher = {GLSA Publications},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications:
  	http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.},
  topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ anonymous:1984a,
  author = {Anonymous},
  title = {Non-Monotonic Reasoning Workshop: October 17--19, 1984, Mohonk
    Mountain House, New Paltz, New York},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ anonymous:1991a,
  title = {Logic Programming and Non-Monotonic Reasoning:
  	Proceedings of the International Workshop},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ anonymous:1994a,
  author = {Twelfth International Conference on Automated Deduction
  	{CADE}94},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Berlin},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@corpus{ anonymous:1995a,
  author = {Anonymous},
  title = {The Penn Treebank Project, Release 2},
  publisher = {Linguistic Data Consortium},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Philadelphia},
  media = {1 computer laser optical disc, 4 3/4 in.},
  contentnote = {Description: Contains 1 million words of 1989 Wall
  	Street Journal material annotated in Treebank II style, which
	is designed to allow the extraction of simple
	predicate/argument structure, plus more.},
  topic = {corpus;}  
 } 

@book{ anonymous:1996a,
  author = {Thirteenth International Conference on Automated Deduction
  	{CADE}92},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@book{ anonymous:1996b,
  editor = {Anonymous},
  title = {Frontiers of Combining Systems 1},
  publisher = {Research Studies Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {combining-logics;combining-systems;}  
 } 

@book{ anonymous:1997a,
  author = {Fourteenth International Conference on Automated Deduction
  	{CADE}92},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@book{ anonymous:1997b,
  editor = {Anonymous},
  title = {Dialogue Processing in Spoken Language Systems: {ECAI'96} 
    Workshop, {B}udapest, {H}ungary, {A}ugust 13, 1996},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540631755},
  topic = {AI-general;}  
 } 

@book{ anonymous:1998a,
  author = {Fifteenth International Conference on Automated Deduction
  	{CADE}92},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Berlin},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@book{ anonymous:1998b,
  title = {International Workshop on Automated Deduction in Geometry},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {theorem-proving;geometrical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@book{ anonymous:1999a,
  author = {Sixteenth International Conference on Automated Deduction
  	{CADE}92},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Berlin},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@corpus{ anonymous:1999b,
  author = {Anonymous},
  title = {The Penn Treebank Project, Release 3},
  publisher = {Linguistic Data Consortium},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Philadelphia},
  media = {1 computer laser optical disc, 4 3/4 in.},
  ISBN = {1585631639},
  contentnote = {Description: The corpus consists of 1 million
  	words of 1989 Wall Street Journal material annotated in
	Treebank II style, a small sample of ATIS-3 material
	annotated in Treebank II style, a fully tagged version of the
	Brown corpus.},
  topic = {corpus;}  
 } 

@book{ anonymous:2000a,
  author = {Seventeenth International Conference on Automated Deduction
  	{CADE}92},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Berlin},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ansari-hirst:1998a,
  author = {Daniel Ansari and Graeme Hirst},
  title = {Generating Warning Instructions by Planning Accidents and
  	Injuries},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {118--127},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;nl-instructions;}  
  } 

@article{ anscombe:1953a,
  author = {G.E.M. Anscombe},
  title = {The Principle of Individuation},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society, Supplementary
  	Volume},
  year = {1953},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {83--96},
  topic = {Aristotle;individuation;}  
  } 

@book{ anscombe:1958a,
  author = {G.E.M. Anscombe},
  title = {Intention},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1958},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {intention;action;}  
 } 

@incollection{ anscombe:1965a,
  author = {G.E.M. Anscombe},
  title = {The Intentionality of Sensation: A Grammatical Feature},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1965},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {158--180},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {intensionality;logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@incollection{ anscombe:1978a,
  author = {G.E.M. Anscombe},
  title = {On Practical Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Joseph Raz},
  pages = {46--62},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ anshelevich:2002a,
  author = {Vadim V. Anshelevich},
  title = {A Hierarchical Approach to Computer Hex},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {134},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {101--120},
  topic = {theorem-proving;game-playing;} 
  } 

@book{ antaki:1994a,
  author = {Charles Antaki},
  title = {Explaining and Arguing: The Social Organization of Accounts},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {argumentation;explanation;}  
 } 

@book{ anthony-briggs:1992a,
  author = {Martin Anthony and Norman Biggs},
  title = {Computational Learning Theory: An Introduction},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {learning-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ anthony-bartlett:1999a,
  author = {Martin Anthony and Peter L. Bartlett},
  title = {Neural Network Learning: Theoretical Foundations},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0-521-57353-X},
  topic = {connectionist-models;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ antonelli:1991a,
  author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli},
  title = {Pure Well-Founded Symmetric Models of Set Theory: The
  	Independence of the Axiom of Choice Without Forcing},
  year = {1991},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy,
  	University of Pittsburgh.},
  topic = {axiom-of-choice;independence-proofs;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ antonelli:1992a,
  author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli},
  title = {Revision Rules: An Investigation into Non-Monotonic
  	Inductive Definitions},
  school = {Philosophy Department, University of Pittsburgh},
  year = {1992},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Pittsburgh},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;fixpoints;}  
 } 

@article{ antonelli:1994a,
  author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli},
  title = {Non-Well-Founded Sets Via Revision Rules},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {6},
  pages = {633--679},
  topic = {nonwellfounded-sets;}  
  } 

@incollection{ antonelli-bicchieri:1994a,
  author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli and Cristina Bicchieri},
  title = {Backwards-Forward Induction},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {24--43},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {game-theory;backward-induction;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ antonelli:1996a,
  author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli},
  title = {General Extensions for Default Logic},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Yale University, 1996.},
  topic = {default-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ antonelli:1996b,
  author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli},
  title = {Defeasible Reasoning as a Cognitive Model},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University, 1996.},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ antonelli:1996c,
  author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli},
  title = {Existensional Quotients for Type Theory and the Consistency
  	Problem for {NF}},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, 1996.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {set-theory;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ antonelli:1996d,
  author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli},
  title = {On Extensions for Default Logic},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, 1996.},
  topic = {default-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ antonelli:1997a,
  author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli},
  title = {A Theory of Cautious Consequence for Default Logic: Via
  	the Notion of General Extension},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, 1997.},
  topic = {default-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ antonelli:1997b,
  author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli},
  title = {Free Set Algebras Satisfying Systems of Equations},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy,
  	Stanford University.},
  topic = {nonwellfounded-sets;}  
  } 

@article{ antonelli:1997c,
  author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli},
  title = {Defeasible Inheritance on Cyclic Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {92},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--23},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ antonelli:1998a,
  author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli},
  title = {Existential Quotients for Type Theoey and The
  	Consistency Problem for {NF}},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {247--261},
  contentnote = {Proves the consistency of Quine's NF set theory.},
  topic = {set-theory;consistency-proofs;}  
  } 

@article{ antonelli:1999a,
  author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli},
  title = {A Directly Cautious Theory of Defeasible
		Consequence for Default Logic Via the Notion of
		General Extension},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {109},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {71--109},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ antonelli:2000a,
  author = {G. Aldo Antonelli},
  title = {Proto-Semantics for Positive Free Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {3},
  pages = {277--294},
  topic = {free-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ antonelli:2000b,
  author = {G. Aldo Antonelli},
  title = {Review of {\it Handbook of Logic in Artificial
  	Intelligence and Logic Programming, Volume 3:
	Volume 3: Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning},
        edited by {D}ov {G}abbay, {C}hristopher {H}ogger, and
	{J}.{A}. {R}obinson},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {480--484},
  xref = {Review of gabbay-etal:1994a.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ antonelli:2001a,
  author = {Aldo Antonelli},
  title = {Review of {\it In the Light of Logic}, by
  	{S}olomon {F}eferman},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {270--277},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ antonelli-thomason_rh:2002a,
  author = {G. Aldo Antonelli and Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Representability in Second-Order Propositional Poly-Modal
  	Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1039--1054},
  topic = {modal-logic;(in)completeness;propositional-quantifiers;} 
  } 

@incollection{ antoniol-etal:1998a,
  author = {Giuliano Antoniol and Roberto Fiutem and Gianni
       		Lazzari and Renato de Mori},
  title = {System Architectures and Applications},
  booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Renato de Mori},
  pages = {583--609},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {spoken-dialogue-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ antoniou-etal:1996a,
  author = {Grigoris Antoniou and Allen P. Courtney and J\"org Ernst and 
    	  Mary-Anne Williams},
  title = {A System for Computing Constrained
	  Default Logic Extensions},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop,
  	{Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3,
	1996.},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska},
  pages = {237--250},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;
  	nonmonotonic-reasoning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@book{ antoniou:1997a,
  author = {Grigoris Antoniou},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-011157-3},
  xref = {Reviews: parsons_s:1999a, vanderhoek:2000b,suchenek:2000a,
  	tanaka_k2:2001a.},
  topic = {default-logic;autoepistemic-logic;circumscription;
  	nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ antoniou:1999a,
  author = {Grigoris Antoniou},
  title = {Splitting Finite Default Theories:  A Comparison
  	of Two Approaches},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {205--216},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ antony-levine_j2:1997a,
  author = {Louise M. Anthony and Joseph Levine},
  title = {Reduction with Autonomy},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {83--105},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ anttila:1994a,
  author = {Arto Anttila},
  title = {How to Recognize Subjects in {E}nglish},
  editor = {Fred Karlsson et al.},
  booktitle = {Constraint Grammar: A Language-Independent System for Parsing
		  Unrestricted Text},
  publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
  year = {1994},
  missinginfo = {editors, other authors},
  pages = {315--358},
  topic = {grammatical-relations;corpus-linguistics;}  
} 

@incollection{ antworth-valentyne:1998a,
  author = {Evan L. Antworth and J. Randolph Valentine},
  title = {Software for Doing Field Linguistics},
  booktitle = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry},
  pages = {170--196},
  address = {London},
  topic = {computational-field-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ aone-maloney_j:1997a,
  author = {Chinatsu Aone and John Maloney},
  title = {Re-Use of a Proper Noun
     		Recognition System in Commercial and Operational
		{NLP} Applications},
  booktitle = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making
  	{NLP} Work in Practice},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {1--6},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {personal-name-recognition;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ aone-etal:1998a,
  author = {Chinatsu Aone and Mary Ellen Okurowski and James Gorlinsky},
  title = {Trainable, Scalable Summarization Using Robust {NLP} and
  	Machine Learning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {62--66},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {text-summary;machine-learning;}  
 } 

@article{ aoto:1999a,
  author = {Takahito Aoto},
  title = {Uniqueness of Normal Proofs in Implicational
  	Intuitionistic Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {217--242},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ aoun:1985a,
  author = {Joseph Aoun},
  title = {The Grammar of Anaphora},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {026201075-2},
  topic = {anaphora;government-binding-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ aoun-li:1993a,
  author = {Joseph Aoun and Charles Li},
  title = {Syntax of Scope},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;}  
 } 

@book{ apel:1967a,
  author = {Karl-Otto Apel},
  title = {Der {D}enkweg des {C}harles {S}anders {P}eirce},
  publisher = {Suhrkamp},
  year = {1967},
  address = {Frankfurt},
  topic = {Peirce;}  
  } 

@incollection{ apostel:1971a,
  author = {Leo Apostel},
  title = {Further Remarks on the Pragmatics of Natural Language},
  booktitle = {Pragmatics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  pages = {1--34},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ apostel:1972a,
  author = {Leo Apostel},
  title = {Illocutionary Forces and the Logic of Change},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {81},
  number = {322},
  pages = {208--224},
  topic = {speech-acts;} 
  } 

@article{ apostoli-brown:1995a,
  author = {Peter Apostoli and Bryson Brown},
  title = {A Solution to the Completeness Problem for Weakly
  	Aggretive Modal Logic},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {60},
  number = {3},
  pages = {832},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ apostoli:1997a,
  author = {Peter Apostoli},
  title = {On the Completeness of First Degree Weakly Aggregative
  	Modal Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {169--180},
  topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@article{ apostoli:2000a,
  author = {Peter Apostoli},
  title = {The Analytic Conception of Truth and the Foundations of
  	Arithmetic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--102},
  topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;analyticity;logicism;Frege;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ appelt:1983a,
  author = {Douglas Appelt},
  title = {Telegram: A Grammar Formalism for Language Planning},
  booktitle = {Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {595--599},
  missinginfo = {Editor},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
} 

@article{ appelt:1985a,
  author = {Douglas Appelt},
  title = {Planning {E}nglish Referring Expressions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--33},
  xref = {Also in {\em Readings in Natural Language Processing}, Grosz,
    Sparck Jones and Webber  eds., Morgan-Kaufmann, 1986},
  topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;}  
} 

@book{ appelt:1985b,
  author = {Douglas Appelt},
  title = {Planning {E}nglish Sentences},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1985},
  series = {Studies in Natural Language Processing},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
 } 

@article{ appelt:1985c,
  author = {Douglas Appelt},
  title = {Planning {E}nglish Sentences},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--33},
  topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ appelt-kronfeld:1987a,
  author = {Douglas Appelt and Amichai Kronfeld},
  title = {A Computational Model of Referring},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {John McDermott},
  pages = {640--647},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {referring-expressions;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ appelt-konolige:1988a,
  author = {Douglas Appelt and Kurt Konolige},
  title = {A Practical Nonmonotonic Theory For Reasoning about Speech
  	Acts},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26th Meeting of the Association for
  	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {170--178},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@techreport{ appelt-kronfeld:1988a,
  author = {Douglas Appelt and Amichai Kronfeld},
  year = {1988},
  title = {A Descriptive Model of Reference Using Defaults},
  institution = {SRI International},
  number = {440},
  topic = {nm-ling;referring-expressions;nl-generation;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ appelt:1990a,
  author = {Douglas Appelt},
  title = {A Theory of Abduction Based on Model Preference},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Spring Symposium on Automated
  	Deduction},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {P. O'Rorke},
  pages = {67--71},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@techreport{ appelt-pollack_me:1990a1,
  author = {Douglas E. Appelt and Martha E. Pollack},
  title = {Weighted Abduction for Plan Ascription},
  institution = {SRI International},
  number = {491},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  xref = {Published as article; see appelt-pollack_me:1990a2.},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@article{ appelt-pollack_me:1991a2,
  author = {Douglas Appelt and Martha Pollack},
  title = {Weighted Abduction for Plan Ascription},
  journal = {User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {See appelt-pollack_me:1990a1 for tech report.},
  topic = {abduction;plan-recognition;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ appelt-israel_dj:1999a,
  author = {Douglas E. Appelt and David J. Israel},
  title = {Introduction to Information Extraction Technology:
  	A Tutorial Prepared for {IJCAI}-99},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Available at http://www.ai.sri.com/\user{}appelt/ie-tutorial/},
  topic = {text-skimming;finite-state-parsing;}  
  } 

@article{ appiah:1984a,
  author = {Anthony Appiah},
  title = {Generalizing the Probabilistic Semantics of Conditionals},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {351--372},
  topic = {probability-semantics;conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ appiah:1986a,
  author = {Anthony Appiah},
  title = {For Truth in Semantics},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: williamson:1990b.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophical-realism;truth;}  
 } 

@incollection{ appiah:1993a,
  author = {K. Anthony Appiah},
  title = {'Only-Ifs'},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {397--410},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {conditionals;only-if;`only';}  
  } 

@techreport{ apt:1987a,
  author = {Krzysztof R. Apt},
  title = {Introduction to Logic Programming},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of
  	Texas at Austin},
  number = {TR-87-35},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Austin, Texas},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@techreport{ apt-pugin:1987a,
  author = {Krzysztof R. Apt and Jean-Marc Pugin},
  title = {Management of Stratified Data Bases},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of
  	Texas at Austin},
  number = {TR-87-41},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Austin, Texas},
  topic = {logic-programming;databases;}  
  } 

@incollection{ apt-etal:1988a,
  author = {Krzysztof R. Apt and A. Blair and A. Walker},
  title = {Towards a Theory of Declarative Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Deductive Databases and Logic
      Programming},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  pages = {89--148},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ apt:1990a,
  author = {Krzysztof R. Apt},
  title = {Logic Programming},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. B},
  publisher = {Elsevier  Science Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {493--574},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {Editor.},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ apt-blair_a:1990a,
  author = {Krzysztof R. Apt and A. Blair},
  title = {Arithmetic Classification of Perfect Models of Stratified
  	Logic Programs},
  journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {1--17},
  note = {Addenda in Vol. 14, pp. 339--441, 1991.},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {stratified-logic-programs;}  
  } 

@book{ apt:1991a,
  author = {Krzysztof R. Apt},
  title = {Verification of Sequential and Concurrent Programs},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387975322},
  topic = {program-verification;}  
 } 

@book{ apt:1992a,
  editor = {Krzysztof Apt},
  title = {Logic Programming : Proceedings of the Joint International
  	Conference and Symposium on Logic Programming},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262510642},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
 } 

@article{ apt-pedreschi:1993a,
  author = {Krzysztof R. Apt and D. Pedreschi},
  title = {Reasoning about Termination of Pure Prolog Programs},
  journal = {Information and Computation},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {106},
  number = {1},
  pages = {109--157},
  topic = {logic-programs;program-termination;}  
  } 

@book{ apt-turini:1995a,
  editor = {Krzysztof R. Apt and Franco Turini},
  title = {Meta-Logics and Logic Programming},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262011522 (hc)},
  topic = {metareasoning;logic-programming;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ apt:1999a,
  author = {Krzysztof R. Apt},
  title = {Formulas as Programs:  A Computational Interpretation
  		of First-Order Logic},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {procedural-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ apt-etal:1999a,
  editor = {Krysztof R. Apt and Victor W. Marek and Marek Truszcynski
  	and David S. Warren},
  title = {The Logic Programming Paradigm: A Twenty-Five Year Perspective},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-540-65463-1},
  xref = {Review: reynolds_m:2002a},
  topic = {logic-programming;} 
 } 

@article{ aqvist:1967a,
  author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist},
  title = {Good {S}amaritans, Contrary-to-Duty Imperaitves, and
  	Epistemic Obligations},
  journal = {N\^{o}us},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {361--379},
  missinginfo = {number},
  title = {Improved Formulations of Act-Utilitarianism},
  journal = {No\^us},
  volume = {3},
  year = {1969},
  pages = {299--323},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
    } 

@techreport{ aqvist:1971a,
  author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist},
  title = {Modal Logic with Subjunctive Conditionals and Dispositional
		Predicates},
  institution = {Filosofiska Institutionen, Uppsala Universitet},
  number = {12},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Uppsala},
  topic = {modal-logic;conditionals;dispositions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ aqvist:1971b,
  author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist},
  title = {Causation by Agents: The Set-Theoretic Analysis of Music
  	as the Basis of the Logic of Agency},
  booktitle = {Festschrift till {S}tig {S}tr\"omholm},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {{\AA}ke Fr\"andberg and U. G\"oransen and T. H{\aa}sted},
  pages = {867--882},
  missinginfo = {publisher, address},
  topic = {stit;branching-time;} 
  } 

@article{ aqvist:1973a,
  author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist},
  title = {Modal Logic with Subjunctive Conditionals and
  	Dispositional Predicates},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--76},
  topic = {modal-logic;conditionals;dispositions;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ aqvist-gunthner:1976a,
  author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist and Franz Gunthner},
  title = {Fundamentals of a Theory of Verb Aspect and Events
  	within the Setting of an Improved Tense-Logic},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Stuttgart},
  topic = {tense-logic;tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@incollection{ aqvist:1978a,
  author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist},
  title = {A System of Chronological Tense Logic},
  booktitle = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt},
  pages = {223--254},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ aqvist:1978b,
  author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist},
  title = {A Conjectured Axiomatization of Two-Dimensional
  	{R}eichenbachian Tense Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--45},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ aqvist-guenthner:1978a,
  author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist and Franz Guenthner},
  title = {Fundamentals of a Theory of Verb Aspect and Events
  	within the Setting of an Improved Tense-Logic},
  booktitle = {Studies in Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and Christian Rohrer},
  pages = {167--199},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nl-tense-aspect;tense-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ aqvist:1981a,
  author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist},
  title = {Predicate Calculi with Adjectives and Nouns},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--26},
  topic = {semantics-of-adjectives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ aqvist-hoepelman:1981a,
  author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist and Jaap Hoepelman},
  title = {Some Theorems about a Tree System of Deontic
             Tense Logic},
  booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Risto Hilpinen},
  pages = {187--221},
  title = {Deontic Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}:
  	Extensions of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {605--714},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ aqvist:1985a,
  author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist},
  title = {The {P}rotagoras Case: An Exercise in Elementary Logic for
  	Lawyers},
  booktitle = {Time, Law, and Society},
  publisher = {Franz Steiner Verlag},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Stuttgart},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages},
  topic = {Protagoras-vs-Euathlus-paradox;deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ aqvist:1992a,
  author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist},
  title = {Prima Facie Obligations in Deontic Logic: A
    	     {C}hisholmian Analysis Based on Normative Preference
	     Structures},
  year = {1992},
  note = {Manuscript, Department of Law, Uppsala University,
            Sweden},
  topic = {prima-facie-obligation;deontic-logic;}  
    } 

@article{ aqvist:1996a,
  author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist},
  title = {Discrete Tense Logic with Infinitary Inference Rules and
  	Systematic Frame Constraints:  A {H}ilbert-style Axiomatization},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {45--100},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ aqvist:1996b,
  author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist},
  title = {Equivalence of Two Approaches to the Study of Historical
  	Necessity},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Law, Uppsala University.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  title = {On Certain Extensions of von {K}utshera's Preference-Based
  	Dyadic Deontic Logic},
  booktitle = {Das weite {S}pektrum der analytischen {P}hilosophie},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Wolfgang Lenzen},
  pages = {8--23},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {deontic-logic;preferences;}  
  } 

@article{ aqvist:1999a,
  author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist},
  title = {The Logic of Historical Necessity as Founded on
  	Two-Dimensional Modal Tense Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {4},
  pages = {329--369},
  Note = {Erratum in {\it JPL} 25:5, 2000, pp. 541--542.},
  topic = {branching-time;temporal-logic;modal-logic;tmix-project;}  
  } 

@article{ arai:2000a,
  author = {Toshiyasu Arai},
  title = {Review of {\em Handbook of Proof Theory}, by
  	{S}amuel {R}. {B}uss},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {463--477},
  xref = {Review of: buss:1998a.},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ arai:2000b,
  author = {Toshiyasu Arai},
  title = {Review of {\em An Introduction to Proof Theory}, by
  	{S}amuel {R}. {B}uss},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {464--465},
  xref = {Review of: buss:1998b.},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ arai:2000c,
  author = {Toshiyasu Arai},
  title = {Review of {\em First-Order Proof Theory of Arithmetic}, by
  	{S}amuel {R}. {B}uss},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {465--466},
  xref = {Review of: buss:1998c.},
  topic = {proof-theory;formalizations-of-arithmetic;}  
 } 

@article{ arai:2000d,
  author = {Toshiyasu Arai},
  title = {Review of {\em Hierarchies of Provably Recursive
  	Functions}, by Matt Fairtlough and Stanley S. {W}ainer},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {466--467},
  xref = {Review of: fairtlough-wainer:1998a.},
  topic = {proof-theory;recursion-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ arai:2000e,
  author = {Toshiyasu Arai},
  title = {Review of {\em Subsystems of Set Theory and Second-Order
  	Number Theory}, by {W}olfram {P}ohlers},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {467--469},
  xref = {Review of: pohlers:1998a.},
  topic = {proof-theory;set-theory;formalizations-of-arithmetic;}  
 } 

@article{ arai:2000f,
  author = {Toshiyasu Arai},
  title = {Review of {\em G\"odel's Functional (`Dialectica')
  	Interpretation}, by {J}eremy {A}vigad and {S}olomon
	{F}eferman},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {469--471},
  xref = {Review of: avigad-feferman:1998a.},
  topic = {proof-theory;intuitionistic-logic;recursion-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ arai:2000g,
  author = {Toshiyasu Arai},
  title = {Review of {\em Realizability}, by A.S. {T}roelstra},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {470--471},
  xref = {Review of: troelstra:1998a.},
  topic = {proof-theory;realizability;}  
 } 

@article{ arai:2000h,
  author = {Toshiyasu Arai},
  title = {Review of {\em The Logic of Provability}, by
  	Giorgi Japaridze and Dick de {J}ongh},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {472--473},
  xref = {Review of: japaridze-dejongh:1998a.},
  topic = {provability-logic;modal-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ arai:2000i,
  author = {Toshiyasu Arai},
  title = {Review of {\em The Length of Proofs}, by
  	Pavel Pudl\'{a}k},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {473--475},
  xref = {Review of: padlak:1998a.},
  topic = {proof-complexity;}  
 } 

@article{ arai:2000j,
  author = {Toshiyasu Arai},
  title = {Review of {\em A Proof-Theoretic
    		Framework for Logic Programming}, by
  	Gerhard J\"ager and Robert F. St\"{a}rk},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {475--476},
  xref = {Review of: jager-stark:1998a.},
  topic = {proof-theory;logic-programming;}  
 } 

@article{ arai:2000k,
  author = {Toshiyasu Arai},
  title = {Review of {\em Types in Logic, Mathematics, and
    		Programming}, by {R}.{L}. {C}onstable},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {476--477},
  xref = {Review of: constable:1998a.},
  topic = {proof-theory;type-theory;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ araki-etal:1999a,
  author = {Masahiro Araki and Kazunoru Komatani and Taishi Hirata
  		and Shuji Doshita},
  title = {A Dialogue Library for Task-Oriented Spoken Dialogue
  		Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jan Alexandersson},
  pages = {1--7},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@incollection{ aravindan:1996a,
  author = {Chandrabose Aravindan},
  title = {An Abductive Framework for Negation in
    	  Disjunctive Logic Programming},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop,
  	{Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3,
	1996.},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska},
  pages = {252--267},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {abduction;negation;disjunctive-logic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ aravindin-dung:1994a,
  author = {Chandrabrose Aravindan and Phan Minh Dung},
  title = {Belief Dynamics, Abduction, and Databases},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce},
  pages = {66--85},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {belief-revision;abduction;}  
  } 

@article{ aravindin-dung:1994b,
  author = {Chandrabrose Aravindan and Phan Minh Dung},
  title = {Partial Deduction of Logic Programs wrt Well-Founded
  	Semantics},
  journal = {New Generation Computing},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {45--74},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {logic-programming;well-founded-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ aravindin-dung:1995a,
  author = {Chandrabrose Aravindan and Phan Minh Dung},
  title = {On the Correctness of the Fold/Unford Transformations
        of Normal and Extended Logic Programs},
  journal = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {201--218},
  topic = {logic-programming;extended-logic-programming;}  
  } 

@proceedings{ aravindin:1996a,
  author = {Chandrabrose Aravindan},
  title = {An Abductive Framework for Negation in Disjunctive
        Logic Programming},
  booktitle = {{JELIA}'96},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and and
  	Eva Orlowska},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {abduction;negation;disjunctive-logic-programming;}  
  } 

@book{ arbib:1964a,
  author = {Michael A. Arbib},
  title = {Brains, Machines, and Mathematics},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1964},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;automata-theory;
  	connectionist-models;information-theory;goedels-first-theorem;}  
 } 

@incollection{ arbib:1988a,
  author = {Michael A. Arbib},
  title = {From Universal {T}uring Machines
		to Self-Reproduction},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {177--189},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {Turing;history-of-theory-of-computation;
  	self-reproducing-automata;}  
  } 

@article{ arbib:1992a,
  author = {Michael A. Arbib},
  title = {Review of {\it The Cognitive Structure of Emotions}, by
  	{G}erald {L}. {C}lore and {A}llan {C}ollins},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {54},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {229--240},
  xref = {Review of ortony-etal:1988a.},
  topic = {emotions;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ arbib:1993a,
  author = {Michael A. Arbib},
  title = {Book Review of `Unified Theories of Cognition'
  	({A}llen {N}ewell)},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {265--265},
  xref = {Review of newell:1992a.},
  topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;}  
  } 

@article{ arbib-liaw:1995a,
  author = {Michael A. Arbib and Jim-Shih Liaw},
  title = {Sensorimotor Transformations in the Worlds of Frogs and
  	Robots},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {72},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {53--79},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The paper develops a multilevel approach to the design and
     analysis of systems with "action-oriented perception", situating
     various robot and animal ``designs'' in an evolutionary
     perspective. We present a set of biological design principles
     within a broader perspective that shows their relevance for
     robot design. We introduce schemas to provide a coarse-grain
     analysis of ``cooperative computation'' in the brains of animals
     and the ``brains'' of robots, starting with an analysis of
     approach, avoidance, detour behavior, and path planning in
     frogs. An explicit account of neural mechanism of avoidance
     behavior in the frog illustrates how schemas may be implemented
     in neural networks.  The focus of the rest of the article is on
     the relation of instinctive to reflective behavior. We
     generalize an analysis of the interaction of perceptual schemas
     in the VISIONS system for computer vision to a view of the
     interaction of perceptual and motor schemas in distributed
     planning which, we argue, has great promise for integrating
     mechanisms for action and perception in both animal and robot.
     We conclude with general observations on the lessons on relating
     structure and function which can be carried from biology to
     technology.  } ,
  topic = {computer-vision;active-perception;neural-computation;}  
  } 

@article{ arbin:1973a,
  author = {Ronald Arbin},
  title = {On Explanations of Linguistic Competence},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {59--83},
  topic = {competence;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ arcais-jarvella:1983a,
  editor = {G.B. Flores d'Arcais and R.J. Jarvella},
  title = {The Process of Language Understanding},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1983},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0471901296},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;nl-comprehension-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ archangeli:1988a,
  author = {Diana Archangeli},
  title = {Aspects of Underspecification Theory},
  journal = {Phonology},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {183--207},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {phonology;underspecification-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ ard:1977a,
  author = {William Josh Ard},
  title = {Methodological Problems in The Use of Typologies in
		Diachronic Syntax},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {historical-linguistics;linguistic-typology;}  
 } 

@article{ ardeshir:1999a,
  author = {Mohammed Ardeshir},
  title = {A Translation of Intuitionistic Predicate Logic into
  		Basic Predicate Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {62},
  number = {2},
  pages = {331--352},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ areces-etal:2001a,
  author = {Carlos Areces and Patrick Blackburn and Maarten Marx},
  title = {Hybrid Logics: Characterization, Interpolation, and
  	Complexity},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {66},
  number = {3},
  pages = {977--1010},
  topic = {modal-logic;hybrid-modal-logics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ arens-etal:1992a,
  author = {V. Arens and Robert Dale and Stephen Kerpedjiev and Kathleen
  	R. McKeown and Oliviero Stock and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  title = {Panel Statements on: Extending Language Generation to
  	Multiple Media},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on 
  	Natural Language Generation, Trento, Italy},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert Dale and Eduard Hovy and Dieter Roesner and 
  	Oliviero Stock},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  pages = {277--292},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nl-generation;multimedia-generation;} 
}

@article{ arens-etal:1993a,
  author = {V. Arens and C.Y. Chee and C.N. Hsu and C.A. Knoblock},
  title = {Retrieving and Integrating Data from Multiple Information
  	Sources},
  journal = {International Journal on Intelligent and Cooperative
  	Information Systems},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {45--88},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {knowledge-integration;distributed-databases;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ aretoulaki-ludwig:1999a,
  author = {Maria Aretoulaki and Bernd Ludwig},
  title = {Automation-Descriptions and Theorem-Proving:  A
  		Marriage Made in Heaven?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  		Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue
		Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jan Alexandersson},
  pages = {9--16},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {finite-state-automata;theorem-proving;
  	computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ argamon-etal:1998a,
  author = {Shlomo Argamon and Ido Dagan and Yuval Krymolowski},
  title = {A Memory-Based Approach Learning Shallow Natural Language
  	Patterns},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {67--73},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;}  
 } 

@article{ argamonengenson-etal:1998a,
  author = {Shlomo Argamon-Engenson and Sarit Kraus and Sigalit Sina},
  title = {Utility-Based On-Line Exploration for Repeated
  	Navigation in an Embedded Graph},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {101},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {267--284},
  topic = {utlity-based-search;route-planning;}  
  } 

@book{ argyle:1975a,
  author = {Michael Argyle},
  title = {Bodily Communication},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1975},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {041667450X},
  topic = {facial-expression;gestures;}  
 } 

@book{ argyle:1975b,
  author = {Michael Argyle},
  title = {The Anatomy of Relationships: And the Rules and Skills
  		Needed to Manage Them Successfully},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1975},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {041667450X},
  topic = {social-psychology;interpersonal-reasoning;}  
 } 

@book{ argyle-cook_m:1976a,
  author = {Michael Argyle and Mark Cook},
  title = {Gaze and Mutual Gaze},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge},
  year = {1976},
  ISBN = {0521208653},
  topic = {gaze;mutuality;discourse;}  
  } 

@book{ argyle-trower:1979a,
  author = {Michael Argyle and Peter Trower},
  title = {Person to Person: Ways of Communicating},
  publisher = {Harper and Row},
  year = {1979},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0063847469},
  topic = {gestures;interpersonal-communication;}  
 } 

@book{ argyle:1985a,
  author = {Michael Argyle},
  title = {The Anatomy of Relationships: And the Rules and Skills
  	Needed to Manage Them Successfully},
  publisher = {Heinemann},
  year = {1985},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0434025003},
  topic = {interpersonal-communication;}  
 } 

@book{ argyle:1991a,
  author = {Michael Argyle},
  title = {Cooperation, the Basis of Sociability},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1991},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415035457},
  topic = {cooperation;social-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ argyle:1992a,
  author = {Michael Argyle},
  title = {The Social Psychology of Everyday Life},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1992},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415010713},
  topic = {social-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ arieli-avron:1996a,
  author = {Ofer Arieli and Arnon Avron},
  title = {Reasoning With Logical Bilattices},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {25--63},
  topic = {relevance-logic;bilattices;}  
  } 

@article{ arieli-avron:1998a,
  author = {Ofer Arieli and Arnon Avron},
  title = {The Value of the Four Values},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {102},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--141},
  topic = {bilattices;reasoning-about-uncertainty;paraconsistency;
  	preferential-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ aristotle-categoriesanddeint:bc,
  author = {Aristotle},
  title = {Categories and De Interpretatione},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1963},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Translated with notes by J.L. Ackrill.},
  topic = {philosophy-classics;logic-classics;}  
 } 

@misc{ aristotle-deanima:bc,
  author = {Aristotle},
  title = {De Anima},
  topic = {philosophy-classics;}  
 } 

@book{ aristotle-deint:bc,
  author = {Aristotle},
  title = {Peri Hermeneias},
  publisher = {Akademie-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Translated with interpretation by Hermann Weidemann.},
  xref = {Reviews: gaskin:1996a, frede_d:1998a.},
  ISBN = {3050019190},
  topic = {philosophy-classics;logic-classics;
  	future-contingent-propositions;}  
 } 

@misc{ aristotle-metaphysics:bc,
  author = {Aristotle},
  title = {Metaphysics},
  topic = {philosophy-classics;}  
 } 

@misc{ aristotle-nicomacheanethics:bc,
  author = {Aristotle},
  title = {Nicomachean Ethics},
  topic = {philosophy-classics;ethics;}  
 } 

@misc{ aristotle-physics:bc,
  author = {Aristotle},
  title = {Physics},
  topic = {philosophy-classics;}  
 } 

@misc{ aristotle-posterioranalytics:bc,
  author = {Aristotle},
  title = {Posterior Analytics},
  topic = {philosophy-classics;}  
 } 

@misc{ aristotle-prioranalytics:bc,
  author = {Aristotle},
  title = {Prior Analytics},
  topic = {philosophy-classics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ arjab:1987a,
  author = {Bijan Arjab},
  title = {A Formal Language for Representation and Reasoning about
  	Indirect Context},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	UCLA.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;intensionality;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ arlocosta-shapiro:1992a,
  author = {Horacio Arlo-Costa and Scott Shapiro},
  title = {Maps between Nonmonotonic Logic and Conditional Logic},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {553--564},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;conditionals;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ arlocosta-levi_i:1996a,
  author = {Horacio Arl\'o-Costa and Isaac Levi},
  title = {Two Notions of Epistemic Validity},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {109},
  pages = {217--262},
  topic = {probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ arlocosta:1997a,
  author = {Horacio Arl\'o-Costa},
  title = {Belief Revision Conditionals: Basic Iterated Systems},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy, Carnegie
  	Mellon University},
  topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ arlocosta-bicchieri:1998a,
  author = {Horacio Arlo-Costa and Cristina Bicchieri},
  title = {Games and Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {187--200},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;epistemic-logic;
  	foundations-of-game-theory;conditionals;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ arlocosta-parikh:1998a,
  author = {Horacio Arlo-Costa},
  title = {On the Inadequacy of (C2)},
  year = {1998},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ arlocosta:1999a,
  author = {Horacio Arl\'{o}-Costa},
  title = {Belief Revision Conditionals:  Basic Iterated Systems},
  journal = {Annals of Pure and Applied Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  pages = {3--28},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ arlocosta:1999b,
  author = {Horacio Arl\'o Costa},
  title = {Epistemic Context, Defeasible
	Inference, and Conversational Implicature},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {15--27},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;autoepistemic-logic;implicature;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ arlocosta:1999c,
  author = {Horacio Arl\'o-Costa},
  title = {Qualitative and Probabilistic Models of Full Belief},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of Logic Colloquim'98 } ,
  year = {1999},
  editor = {S. Buss and P.H\'ajek and P. Pudl\'ak},
  publisher = {Association of Symbolic Logic and A. K. Peters},
  missinginfo = {pages, address},
  topic = {belief;probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ arlocosta-parikh:1999a,
  author = {Horacio Arlo-Costa and Rohit Parikh},
  title = {Two Place Probabilities, Full Belief and Belief Revision},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {1--6},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ arlocosta:2000a,
  author = {Horacio Arl\'o-Costa},
  title = {Hypothetical Revision and Matter-of-Fact Supposition},
  booktitle = {Eighth International Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning
  	(NMR'2000).  Special Session, {\em Belief Change, Theory and
	Practice}},
  year = {2000},
  note = {Computer Research Repository, Los Alamos e-Print Archive,
  	ACM and NCSTRL},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ arlocosta:2000b,
  author = {Horacio Arlo-Costa},
  title = {Review of {\it Epistemic Logic and the Theory of Games and
  	Decisions}, edited by M.O.L. Bacharach and L.A. G\'erard-Varet and
  	P. Mongin and H.S. Shin},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {64},
  number = {3},
  pages = {431--435},
  xref = {Review of bacharach-etal:1997a.},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;game-theory;decision-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ arlocosta:2000c,
  author = {Horacio Arl\'o-Costa},
  title = {Bayesian Epistemology and Conditionals: The Role of the
  	Export-Import Laws},
  year = {2000},
  month = {May},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, Carnegie
  	Mellon University.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ arlocosta-parikh:2000a,
  author = {Horacio Arl\'o-Costa and Rohit Parikh},
  title = {Two place Probabilities, Beliefs and  Belief Revision},
  year = {2000},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, Carnegie
  	Mellon University.  See \cite{arlocosta-parikh:1999a} for an
	extended abstract.},
  } 

@incollection{ arlocosta:2001a,
  author = {Horacio Arlo-Costa},
  title = {Trade-Offs between Inductive Power and Logical Omniscience
  	in Modeling Context},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {1--14},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {bounded-agents;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ arlocosta:2001b,
  author = {Horacio L. Arlo-Costa},
  title = {Review of {\it Defeasible Deontic Logic}, edited by
  		{D}onald {N}ute},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {129--139},
  xref = {Review of nute:1997a.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ arlocosta:2001c,
  author = {Horacio Arl\'o-Costa},
  title = {Bayesian Epistemology and Epistemic Conditionals:
  	On the Status of the Export-Import Laws},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {98},
  number = {11},
  pages = {555--593},
  topic = {conditionals;probability-kinematics;} 
  } 

@article{ arlocosta-thomason:2001a,
  author = {Horacio Arl\'o-Costa and Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Iterative Probability Kinematics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {5},
  pages = {479--524},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;;primitive-conditional-probability;
  	nonstandard-probability;probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@article{ arlocosta:2002a,
  author = {Horacio Arl\'o Costa},
  title = {First Order Extensions of Classical Systems of Modal Logic.
  	The ROle of the {B}arcan Schemas},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {71},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--118},
  topic = {modal-logic;epistemic-logic;} 
  } 

@article{ arlocosta-segerberg:forthcominga,
  author = {Horacio Arl\'{o}-Costa and Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Conditionals and Hypothetical Belief Revision (Abstract)},
  journal = {Theoria},
  missinginfo = {year, volume, number,pages},
  note = {forthcoming},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ armado-ranise:1998a,
  author = {Alessandro Armado and Silvio Ranise},
  title = {From Integrated Reasoning Specialists to `Plug and Play'
  	Reasoning Components},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {42--54},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {hybrid-kr-architectures;combining-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ armendt:1986a,
  author = {Brad Armendt},
  title = {A Foundation for Causal Decision Theory},
  journal = {Topoi},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {3--19},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {causal-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ armendt:1988a,
  author = {Brad Armendt},
  title = {Conditional Preference and Causal Expected Utility},
  booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics,
  	Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms},
  pages = {3--24},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {preference;qualitative-utility;causal-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ armendt:1992a,
  author = {Brad Armendt},
  title = {Dutch Strategies for Diachronic Rules: When Believers See
  	the Sure Loss Coming},
  booktitle = {{PSA} 1992: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 1},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {David Hull and Micky Forbes and Kathleen Okruhlik},
  pages = {217--229},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  address = {East Lansing, Michigan},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@article{ armendt:1993a,
  author = {Brad Armendt},
  title = {Dutch Books, Additivity, and Utility},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--20},
  topic = {decision-theory;Dutch-book-argument;foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@book{ armstrong_df-etal:1995a,
  author = {David F. Armstrong and William C. Stokoe and
  	Sherman E. Wilcox},
  title = {Gesture and the Nature of Language},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521462134},
  topic = {gesture;}  
 } 

@book{ armstrong_df:1999a,
  author = {David F. Armstrong},
  title = {Original Signs: Gesture, Sign, and the Sources of Language},
  publisher = {Galludet University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Washington},
  ISBN = {1563680750},
  topic = {gestures;}  
 } 

@article{ armstrong_dm:1970a,
  author = {David M. Armstrong},
  title = {Meaning and Communication},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {80},
  pages = {427--447},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;}  
  } 

@article{ armstrong_dm:1971a,
  author = {David Malet Armstrong},
  title = {Meaning and Communication},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {80},
  pages = {427--447},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;}  
  } 

@book{ armstrong_dm:1983a,
  author = {David Malet Armstrong},
  title = {What Is a Law of Nature?},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {0521253438},
  topic = {natural-laws;dispositions;}  
 } 

@incollection{ armstrong_dm:1993a,
  author = {David Malet Armstrong},
  title = {A World of States of Affairs},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {429--440},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {metaphysics;philosophical-realism;property-theory;
  	philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@book{ armstrong_dm:1997a,
  author = {David M. Armstrong},
  title = {A World of States of Affairs},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: oliver_a:1998a.},
  topic = {metaphysics;philosophical-realism;property-theory;
  	philosophical-ontology;}  
 } 

@book{ armstrong_dm:1999a,
  author = {David Malet Armstrong},
  title = {The Mind-Body Problem: An Opinionated Introduction},
  publisher = {Westview Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Boulder, Colorado},
  ISBN = {0813390567 (hardcover)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mind-body-problem;}  
 } 

@article{ armstrong_dm:2001a,
  author = {David M. Armstrong},
  title = {Review of {\em Papers in Metaphysics and Epistemology,} 
  	by {D}avid {K}. {L}ewis},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {1},
  pages = {77--79},
  xref = {Review of lewis_dk:1999a.},
  topic = {metaphysics;epistemplogy;}  
  } 

@book{ armstrong_s:1994a,
  editor = {Susan Armstrong},
  title = {Using Large Corpora},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1949},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ armstrong_s:1999a,
  editor = {Susan Armstrong},
  title = {Natural Language Processing Using Very Large Corpora},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792360559 (hb)},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ armstrongwarwic:1994a,
  author = {Susan Armstrong-Warwic},
  title = {Acquisition and Exploitation of
   		Textual Resources for {NLP}},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {451--465},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ arnauld-nicole:1662a2,
  author = {A. Arnauld and P. Nicole},
  title = {Logic, or the Art of Thinking},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  note = {First published in 1662.  Translated and edited by J.V.
  	Buroker.},
  topic = {logic-classic;foundations-of-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ arnold_dj-etal:1994a,
  author = {D.J. Arnold and L. Balkan and R. Lee Humphreys and S.
  	Meijer and L. Sadler},
  title = {Machine Translation: An Introductory Guide},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {1-85554-246-3 (hardbound), 1-85554-217-X (pbk)},
  xref = {Review: heizmann:1995a.},
  topic = {machine-translation;}  
 } 

@article{ arnon:1988a,
  author = {Dennis S. Arnon},
  title = {Geometric Reasoning with Logic and Algebra},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {37--60},
  topic = {geometrical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ arom:1994a,
  author = {Simha Arom},
  title = {Intelligence in Traditional Music},
  booktitle = {What is Intelligence?},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jean Khalfa},
  pages = {137--160},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {musicology;}  
  } 

@techreport{ aronis:1993a,
  author = {John M. Aronis},
  title = {Implementing Inheritance on the Connection Machine},
  institution = {Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh},
  number = {ISP 93-1},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Pittsburgh, PA 15260},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;parallel-processing;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ aronis-provost:1995a,
  author = {John M. Aronis and Foster J. Provost},
  title = {Efficiently Constructing Relational Features from Background
  	Knowledge for Inductive Machine Learning},
  year = {1959},
  note = {Unpublished MS, Computer Science Department, University of
  	Pittsburgh.},
  missinginfo = {Date is  guess.},
  topic = {machine-learning;inheritance;relational-reasoning;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ aronoff:1974a,
  author = {Mark Aronoff},
  title = {Word-Structure},
  school = {Linguistics Department, Massachusetts Institute of
  	Technology},
  year = {1974},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {morphology;}  
 } 

@book{ aronoff:1976a,
  author = {Mark Aronoff},
  title = {Word Formation in Generative Grammar},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {morphology;}  
 } 

@book{ aronoff-etal:1984a,
  editor = {Mark Aronoff and Richard Oehrle
  	and Frances Kelley and Bonnie Wilker Stephens},
  title = {Language Sound Structure: Studies in Phonology},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262010747},
  topic = {phonology;}  
 } 

@book{ aronoff:1993a,
  author = {Mark Aronoff},
  title = {Morphology by Itself},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {morphology;}  
 } 

@article{ arrow:1959a,
  author = {Kenneth J. Arrow},
  title = {Rational Choice Functions and Orderings},
  journal = {Econometrica},
  year = {1959},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {121--127},
  contentnote = {Arrow's theorem.},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {welfare-economics;social-choice-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ arrow:1963a,
  author = {Kenneth J. Arrow},
  edition = {2},
  title = {Social Choice and Individual Values},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1963},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {social-choice-theory;}  
} 

@incollection{ arrow:1972a,
  author = {Kenneth J. Arroww},
  title = {Exposition of the Theory of Choice Under Conditions of
  	Uncertainty},
  booktitle = {Decision and Organization},
  publisher = {North Holland},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {C.B. McGuire and R. Radner},
  pages = {19--55},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {decision-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ arrow:1974a,
  author = {Kenneth J. Arrow},
  title = {The Limits of Organization},
  publisher = {Norton},
  year = {1974},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {theory-of-orgaanizatioons;}  
  } 

@book{ arrow-raynaud:1986a,
  author = {Kenneth J. Arrow and H. Raynaud},
  title = {Social Choice and Multicriterion Decision-Making},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {social-choice-theory;multiattribute-utility;}  
  } 

@incollection{ artale-franconi:1994a,
  author = {Alessandro Artale and Enrico Franconi},
  title = {A Computational Account for a Description Logic of Time
  	and Action},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {3--14},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;temporal-reasoning;action-formalisms;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ artale-etal:1997a,
  author = {Alessandro Artale and Bernardo Magnini and Carlo
		Strapparava},
  title = {Lexical Discrimination with the {I}talian Version of
		{W}ord{N}et},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACL}/{EACL} Workshop on Automatic
		Extraction and Building of Lexical Semantic Resources for
		Natural Language Applications},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari
  	and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {wordnet;Italian-language;disambiguation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ artale-etal:1997b,
  author = {Alessandro Artale and Bernardo Magnini and Carlo Strapparava},
  title = {{W}ord{N}et for {I}talian and its Use for Lexical Discrimination},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th Congresso della {A}ssociazione
		{I}taliana per l'{I}ntelligenza {A}rtificiale},
  year = {1997},
  missinginfo = {publisher, editor, pages},
  topic = {wordnet;lexical-disambiguation;Italian-language;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ artemov:1990a,
  author = {Sergei M. Artemov},
  title = {Kolmogorov's Logic of Problems and a Provability
  	Interpretation of Intuitionistic Logic},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {257--272},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ artemov:2000a,
  author = {Sergei N. Artemov},
  title = {Explicit Provability and Constructive Semantics},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--36},
  xref = {Review: avigad:2002a.},
  topic = {provability-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ artosi-etal:1990a,
  author = {Alberto Artosi and Paola Benassi and Guido GOvernatori
     	and Antonio Rotolo},
  title = {Shakespearian Modal Logic: A Labeled
	Treatment of Modal Identity},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {1--21},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;identity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ artosi-etal:1996a,
  author = {Alberto Artosi and Paola Benassi and Guido Governatori
  	and Antonino Rotolo},
  title = {Labelled Proofs for Quantified Modal Logic},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop,
  	{Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3,
	1996.},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska},
  pages = {70--86},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {modal-logic;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ arvon:1992a,
  author = {Arnon Arvon},
  title = {Whither Relevance Logic?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {243--281},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ arzigonczarowski-lehmann:1998a,
  author = {Z. Arzi-Gonczarowski and Daniel Lehmann},
  title = {From Environments to Representations---A Mathematical
  	Theory of Artificial Perceptions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {102},
  number = {2},
  pages = {187--247},
  topic = {logic-of-perception;cognitive-robotics;}  
  } 

@article{ asada-etal:1999a,
  author = {Minoru Asada and Hiroaki Kitano and Itsuki Noda and
  	Manuela Veloso},
  title = {{R}obo{C}up Today and Tomorrow---What We Have Learned},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {110},
  number = {2},
  pages = {193--214},
  topic = {robotics;RoboCup;}  
  } 

@article{ asada-etal:1999b,
  author = {Minoru Asada and Eiji Uchibe and Koh Hosoda},
  title = {Cooperative Behavior Acquisition for Mobile
  	Robots in Dynamically Changing real Worlds Via
	Vision-Based Reinforcement Learning and Development},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {110},
  number = {2},
  pages = {275--292},
  topic = {multiagent-learning;RoboCup;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ asada-etal:2000a,
  author = {Minoru Asada and Manuela M Veloso and Miland Tambe and
  	Itsuki Noda and Hiroaki Kitano and Gerard K. kraetzschmar},
  title = {Overview of {R}obo{C}up-98},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {9--19},
  topic = {robotics;RoboCup;}  
  } 

@book{ ash-knight_jf:2000a,
  author = {Chris Ash and Julia F. Knight},
  title = {Computatble Structures and the Hyperarithmetical Hierarchy},
  publisher = {Elservier Publishing Co.},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Review: harizanov:2000a.},
  topic = {hyperarithmetical-hierarchy;computable-model-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ ash_d-hayesroth_b:1996a,
  author = {David Ash and Barbara Hayes-Roth},
  title = {Using Action-Based Hierarchies for Real-Time Diagnosis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {88},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {317--347},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     An intelligent agent diagnoses perceived problems so that it can
     respond to them appropriately.  Basically, the agent performs a
     series of tests whose results discriminate among competing
     hypotheses.  Given a specific diagnosis, the agent performs the
     associated action.  Using the traditional information-theoretic
     heuristic to order diagnostic tests in a decision tree, the
     agent can maximize the information obtained from each successive
     test and thereby minimize the average time (number of tests)
     required to complete a diagnosis and perform the appropriate
     action.  However, in real-time domains, even the optimal
     sequence of tests cannot always be performed in the time
     available.  Nonetheless, the agent must respond.  For agents
     operating in real-time domains, we propose an alternative
     action-based approach in which: (a) each node in the diagnosis
     tree is augmented to include an ordered set of actions, each of
     which has positive utility for all of its children in the tree;
     and (b) the tree is structured to maximize the expected utility
     of the action available at each node.  Upon perceiving a
     problem, the agent works its way through the tree, performing
     tests that discriminate among successively smaller subsets of
     potential faults.  When a deadline occurs, the agent performs
     the best available action associated with the most specific node
     it has reached so far.  Although the action-based approach does
     not minimize the time required to complete a specific diagnosis,
     it provides positive utility responses, with step-wise
     improvements in expected utility, throughout the diagnosis
     process.  We present theoretical and empirical results
     contrasting the advantages and disadvantages of the
     information-theoretic and action-based approaches.
  } ,
  topic = {diagosis;reactive-plannng;limited-rationality;decision-trees;
  	heuristics;}  
  } 

@book{ ashby:1970a,
  author = {William Ross Ashby},
  title = {An introduction to cybernetics.},
  publisher = {Ohio State University Press},
  year = {1970},
  address = {Columbus},
  ISBN = {1127197703},
  topic = {AI-classics;} 
 } 

@article{ asher-bonevac:1985a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Daniel Bonevac},
  title = {How Extensional Is Entensional Perception?},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {203--228},
  topic = {logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@article{ asher:1986a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher},
  title = {Belief in Discourse Representation Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {127--189},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;discourse-representation-theory;
  	belief;epistemic-logic;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ asher-kamp:1986a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Johan A.W. Kamp},
  title = {The Knower's Paradox and Representational Theories of
  	Attitudes},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {131--147},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {syntactic-reflection;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ asher-kamp:1986b,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Johan A.W. Kamp},
  title = {Self-Reference, Attitudes, and Paradox},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.},
  topic = {syntactic-reflection;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ asher:1987a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher},
  title = {A Typology for Attitude Verbs and Their Anaphoric
  	Properties},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {125--197},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ asher-bonevac:1987a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Daniel Bonevac},
  title = {Determiners and Resource Situations},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {567--596},
  topic = {situation-semantics;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ asher-wada:1987a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Hajime Wada},
  title = {A Computational Account of Syntactic, Semantics and
  	Discourse Principles for Anaphora Resolution},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Center for Cognitive Science,
  	University of Texas at Austin},
  topic = {anaphora;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ asher:1988a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher},
  title = {Reasoning about Belief and Knowledge with Self-Reference
  	and Time},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {61--81},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {syntactic-attitudes;intensional-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ asher:1990a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher},
  title = {Intentional Paradoxes and an Inductive Theory of
  	Propositional Quantification},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {11--28},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {propositional-quantifiers;intensional-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ asher-morreau:1991a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Michael Morreau},
  title = {Commonsense Entailment: a Modal Theory of Nonmonotonic
  		Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {John Mylopoulos and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {387--392},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;common-sense-entailment;conditionals;
  	nonmonotonic-conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ asher:1992a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher},
  title = {A Default, Truth Conditional Semantics for the Progressive},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {469--508},
  number = {5},
  title = {Two Theories of Prima Facie Obligation},
  year = {1992},
  note = {Manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of
            Texas at Austin},
  topic = {deontic-logic;prima-facie-obligation;}  
    } 

@book{ asher:1993a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher},
  title = {Reference to Abstract Objects in Discourse},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1939},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;philosophical-ontology;
  	pragmatics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ asher:1993b,
  author = {Nicholas Asher},
  title = {Reasoning about Action and Time With Epistemic Conditionals},
  year = {1993},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulose.},
  topic = {action-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ asher-singh:1993a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Munidar Singh},
  title = {A Logic of Intentions and Beliefs},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {5},
  pages = {513--544},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;intention;belief;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ asher-lascarides:1994a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides},
  title = {Intentions and Information in Discourse},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky},
  pages = {35--41},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ asher-sablarolles:1994a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Pierre Sablarolles},
  title = {A Compositional Spatio-Temporal Semantics for
		{F}rench Motion Verbs and Spatial {PP}s},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{IV}},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann},
  pages = {1--15},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;French-language;motion-verbs;}  
  } 

@incollection{ asher:1995a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher},
  title = {Commonsense Entailment: A Conditional
		Logic for Some Generics},
  booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig},
  pages = {103--145},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;common-sense-entailment;conditionals;
  	nonmonotonic-conditionals;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ asher-lascarides:1995a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides},
  title = {Questions in Dialogue},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript.},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;discourse-structure;
  	interrogatives;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ asher-lascarides:1995b1,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides},
  title = {Lexical Disambiguation in a Discourse Context},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {69--108},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: asher-lascarides:1995b2.},
  topic = {discourse;lexical-disambiguation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ asher-lascarides:1995b2,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides},
  title = {Lexical Disambiguation in a Discourse Context},
  booktitle = {Lexical Semantics: The Problem of Polysemy},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky and Brian Boguraev},
  pages = {69--108},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Republication of: asher-lascarides:1995b1.},
  topic = {discourse;lexical-disambiguation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ asher-lascarides:1995c,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides},
  title = {Metaphor in Discourse},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Representation and Acquisition of Lexical Knowledge:
	Polysemy, Ambiguity and Generativity},
  year = {1995},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  pages = {3--7},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {metaphor;discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ asher-morreau:1995a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Michael Morreau},
  title = {What Some Generic Sentences Mean},
  booktitle = {The Generic Book},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  pages = {300--338},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  topic = {generics;nonmonotonic-conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ asher-vieu:1995a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Laure Vieu},
  title = {Toward a Geometry for Common Sense: A Semantics and a
  	Complete Axiomatization for Mereotopology},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {846--852},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;mereology;spatial-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ asher-bonevac:1996a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Daniel Bonevac},
  title = {{\it Prima Facie} Obligation},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {57},
  number = {1},
  pages = {19--45},
  topic = {deontic-logic;prima-facie-obligation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ asher:1997a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher},
  title = {Context in Discourse Semantics for Dialogue},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {17--29},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;discourse-representation-theory;discourse-relations;
  	presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ asher-sablayrolles:1997a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Pierre Sablayrolles},
  title = {A Typology and Discourse Semantics for
		Motion Verbs and Spatial {PP}s in {F}rench},
  booktitle = {Lexical Semantics: The Problem of Polysemy},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky and Brian Boguraev},
  pages = {163--209},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;motion-verbs;polysemy;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ asher-lascarides:1998a,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides},
  title = {The Semantics and Pragmatics of Metaphor},
  booktitle = {Semantic Parameters and Lexical Universals},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky and F. Busa},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {metaphor;semantics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ asher-lascarides:1998b,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides},
  title = {Questions in Dialogue},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {237--309},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;discourse-structure;
  	interrogatives;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ asher-lascarides:1998c,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides},
  title = {Bridging},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {83--113},
  contentnote = {"Bridging" is the process of constructing an anaphoric
  	reference using world knowledge.  E.g. "Bill's car wouldn't
	run.  The fuel line was clogged."  The term is apparently due
	to clark_hh:1075a.},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;discourse;discourse-structure;
  	nm-ling;pragmatics;bridging-anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ asher-lascarides:1998d,
  author = {Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides},
  title = {The Semantics and Pragmatics of Presupposition},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {239--299},
  topic = {presupposition;nm-ling;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ashley:1989a,
  author = {Kevin Ashley},
  title = {Toward a Computational Theory of Arguing with
    	     Precedents: Accommodating Multiple Interpretations
	     of Cases},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International
    	         Conference on Artificial Intelligence
				 and Law (ICAIL-89)},
    publisher = {The Association for Computing Machinery},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {93--110},
  topic = {legal-AI;}  
    } 

@book{ ashley:1990a,
  author = {Kevin Ashley},
  title = {Modeling Legal Argument: Reasoning With Cases and
  	Hypotheticals},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;legal-reasoning;legal-AI;}  
 } 

@article{ ashley:1993a,
  author = {Kevin D. Ashley},
  title = {Case-Based Reasoning and its Implications for Legal
		Expert Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence and Law},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  publisher = {Kluwer},
  address = {Dordrecht, Neth.},
  year = {1993},
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;legal-AI;}  
   } 

@inproceedings{ ashley-keefer:1996a,
  author = {Kevin Ashley and M. Keefer},
  title = {Ethical Reasoning Strategies and Their Relation to
  	Case-Based Instruction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1996 Cognitive Science Society
  	Meeting},
  year = {1996},
  organization = {Cognitive Science Society},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, pages},
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;intelligent-tutoring;
  	automated-ethical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ aslandogan:1997a,
  author = {Y. A. Aslandogan and C. Their and C. T. Yu and J. Zou
		and N. Rishe},
  title = {Using Semantic Contents and {W}ord{N}et in Image Retrieval},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th Annual {ACM} {SIGIR} Conference
		on Research and Development in Information Retrieval},
  year = {1997},
  missinginfo = {publisher, editor, pages, A's 1st name},
  topic = {wordnet;image-retrieval;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ assadi:1997a,
  author = {Houssem Assadi},
  title = {Knowledge Acquisition from Texts:  Using an Automatic
  	Clustering Method Based on Noun-Modifier Method},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {504--509},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {text-skimming;}  
 } 

@article{ asser:1956a,
  author = {Gunther Asser},
  title = {Theorie der {L}ogischen {A}uswahlfunktionen},
  journal = {{Z}eitschrift {f}\"ur {M}athematische {L}ogik and
  	{G}rundlagen {d}er {M}athematik},
  year = {1956},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {30--68},
  topic = {Hilbert's-epsilon-function;}  
  } 

@book{ aston-burchard:1998a,
  author = {Guy Aston and Lou Burchard},
  title = {The {BNC} Handbook},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  ISBN = {0 7486 1055 3},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@techreport{ astrachan-stickel:1991a,
  author = {Owen L. Astrachan and Mark E. Stickel},
  title = {Caching and Lemmaizing  in Model Elimination Theorem
  	Provers},
  institution = {AI Center, SRI International},
  address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025},
  number = {513},
  year = {1991},
  acontentnote = {Abstract: Theorem provers based on the model
  	elimination theorem-proving procedure have exhibited
	extremely high inference rates but have lacked a
	redundancy control mechanism such as subsumption. In this
	paper we report on work done to modify a model elimination
	theorem prover using two techniques, caching and
	lemmaizing, that have reduced by more than an order of
	magnitude the time required to find proofs of several
	problems and that have enabled the prover to prove
	theorems previously unobtained.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
} 

@article{ atherton-schwartz:1974a,
  author = {Margaret Atherton and Robert Schwartz},
  title = {Linguistic Innateness and Its Evidence},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {71},
  number = {6},
  pages = {155--168},
  topic = {innateness-of-language-ability;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ atkins:1993a,
  author = {Beryl T. Atkins},
  title = {The Contribution of Lexicography},
  booktitle = {Challenges in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Madeleine Bates and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {37--75},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  contentnote = {Concentrates on how to extract info from corpora and online
  	dictionaries.},
  topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;polysemy;
  	machine-readable-dictionaries;}  
  } 

@incollection{ atkins-etal:1994a,
  author = {Beryl T.S. Atkins and Judy Kegl and Beth Levin},
  title = {Anatomy of a Verb Entry: From Linguistic Theory to
  	Lexicographic Practice},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of Don Walker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {237--266},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  xref = {Revised version of ``Anatomy of a Verb Entry: From
  	Linguistic Theory to Lexicographic Practice'', International
	Journal of Lexicography 1, 1988, pp. 84--126.},
  topic = {lexicography;verb-classes;verb-semantics;
		computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@book{ atkins-zampolli:1994a,
  editor = {Beryl T.S. Atkins and A. Zampolli},
  title = {Computational Approaches to the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198239793},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;}  
 } 

@book{ atkinson-heritage:1984a,
  editor = {J.M. Atkinson and J. Heritage},
  title = {Structures of Social Action},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Cambridge},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st names.},
  topic = {conversation-analysis;discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ atkinson:1992a,
  author = {Martin Atkinson},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Thematic Structure: Its Role in Grammar},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Iggy M. Roca},
  pages = {1--22},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {thematic-roles;argument-structure;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ atlas:1972a,
  author = {Jay D. Atlas},
  title = {Some Remarks on {G}eorge {L}akoff's `Performative
  	Antinomies'\,},
  year = {1972},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pomona College.},
  topic = {pragmatics;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ atlas:1973a,
  author = {Jay D. Atlas},
  title = {Some Remarks on Presupposition},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pomona College},
  topic = {presupposition;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ atlas:1974a,
  author = {Jay D. Atlas},
  title = {Presupposition, Ambiguity, and Generality: A Coda to the
  	{R}ussell-{S}trawson Debate on Referring},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pomona College},
  topic = {presupposition;definite-descriptions;} 
  } 

@article{ atlas:1975a,
  author = {Jay D. Atlas},
  title = {Frege's Polymorphous Concept of Presupposition and Its
  	Role in the Theory of Meaning},
  journal = {Semantikos},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--44},
  topic = {presuppositon;}  
  } 

@article{ atlas:1975b,
  author = {Jay D. Atlas},
  title = {Presupposition:  A Semantico-Pragmatic Account},
  journal = {Pragmatics Microfiche},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {D13--G14},
  topic = {presupposition;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ atlas:1975c,
  author = {Jay D. Atlas},
  title = {On Presupposition, Generality, and Informativeness:
  	Historical Remarks and Theoretical Suggestions},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pomona College.},
  topic = {presuppositon;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ atlas:1975d,
  author = {Jay D. Atlas},
  title = {On Pragmatic Presupposition and Some Counter-Examples
  	to the {V}an {F}raassen Theory of Semantic Presupposition:
	A Reply to {S}chwartz},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pomona College.},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ atlas:1975e,
  author = {Jay D. Atlas},
  title = {More on {A}.{J} {K}enny's Logic of Practical Inference},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pomona College.},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;} 
  } 

@article{ atlas:1977a,
  author = {Jay D. Atlas},
  title = {Negation, Ambiguity, and Presupposition},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {321--336},
  topic = {nl-negation;presuppositon;ambiguity;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ atlas:1977b,
  author = {Jay D. Atlas},
  title = {Presupposition, Negation, and the Anti-Realist Theory
  	of Meaning},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pomona College.},
  topic = {presupposition;foundations-of-semantics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ atlas:1979a,
  author = {Jay D. Atlas},
  title = {How Linguistics Matters to Philosophy: Presupposition,
  	Truth, and Meaning},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 11: Presupposition},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {ChoonKyo Oh and David A. Dineen},
  pages = {265--281},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ atlas:1980a,
  author = {Jay D. Atlas},
  title = {A Note on a Confusion of Pragmatic and Semantic Aspects of
  	Negation},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {411--414},
  topic = {negation;presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ atlas-levinson:1981a,
  author = {Jay D. Atlas and Stephen C. Levinson},
  title = {{\em It-}Clefts, Informativeness and Logical Form: Radical
  	Pragmatics (Revised Standard Version)},
  booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {1--61},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {pragmatics;presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ atlas:1983a,
  author = {Jay D. Atlas},
  title = {On What There Isn't: Quantifying {Q}uine Out},
  year = {1983},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Institute for Advanced Study,
  	Princeton, New Jersey},
  topic = {logic-and-ontology;}  
  } 

@article{ atlas:1984a,
  author = {Jay D. Atlas},
  title = {Comparative Adjectives and Adverbials of Degree: an
  	Introduction to Radically Radical Pragmatics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {347--377},
  topic = {scalar-implicature;degree-modifiers;pragmatics;implicature;}  
  } 

@article{ atlas:1984b,
  author = {Jay D. Atlas},
  title = {Grammatical Non-Specification: The Mistaken Disjunction
  	Theory},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {433--443},
  topic = {ambiguity/generality;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ atlas:1984c,
  author = {Jay D. Atlas},
  title = {Topic/Comment, Presupposition, Logical Form and Focal Stress
  	Implicatures: the Case of Focal Particles `Only' and `Also'},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {127--147},
  topic = {s-topic;sentence-focus;presupposition;`only';pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ atlas:1988a,
  author = {Jay David Atlas},
  title = {What are Negative Existence Statements About?},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {373--394},
  topic = {logic-of-existence;(non)existence;}  
  } 

@book{ atlas:1989c,
  author = {Jay D. Atlas},
  title = {Philosophy Without Ambiguity: A Logico-Linguistic Essay},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {ambiguity;}  
 } 

@book{ atlas:2000a,
  author = {Jay David Atlas},
  title = {Logic, Meaning, and Conversation: Semantical Underdeterminacy,
  	Implicature, and Their Interface},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0195133005},
  topic = {pragmatics;implicature;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ atserias-etal:1997a,
  author = {Jordi Atserias and Salvador Climent and Xavier Farreres
		and German Rigau and Horacio Rodríguez},
  title = {Combining Multiple Methods for the Automatic
		Construction of Multilingual {W}ord{N}ets},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on
		Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing},
  year = {1997},
  missinginfo = {publisher, editor, pages},
  url = {http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9709003},
  topic = {wordnet;multilingual-lexicons;}  
  } 

@incollection{ attardi:1991a,
  author = {Giuseppe Attardi},
  title = {Knowledge Sharing: A Feasible Dream},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {597--598},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  contentnote = {This is a position statement, prepared in connection
  	with a conference panel.  There is no bibliography.},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;knowledge-sharing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ attardi-simi:1991a,
  author = {Giuseppe Attardi and Maria Simi},
  title = {Reflections about Reflection},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {22--31},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;semantic-reflection;syntactic-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ attardi-simi:1994a,
  author = {Giuseppe Attardi and Maria Simi},
  title = {Building Proofs in Context},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {410--424},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {kr;context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ attardi-simi:1994b,
  author = {Giuseppe Attardi and Maria Simi},
  title = {Proofs i Context},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94:  Principles of Knowledge Representation
		and Reasoning},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {J. Doyle and E. Sandewall and P. Torasso},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {16--26},
  topic = {kr;context;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ attardi-simi:1995a,
  author = {Giuseppe Attardi and Maria Simi},
  title = {A Formalisation of Viewpoints},
  journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2--4},
  pages = {149--174},
  topic = {kr;context;kr-course;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ attardi-simi:1995b,
  author = {Giuseppe Attardi and Maria Simi},
  title = {Beppo Had a Dream},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  pages = {9--22},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;propositional-attitudes;individuation;}  
  } 

@article{ attardi-simi:1998a,
  author = {Giuseppe Attardi and Maria Simi},
  title = {Communication across Viewpoints},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--75},
  topic = {context;semantic-reflection;reasoning-about-knowledge;}  
  } 

@article{ audi:1973a,
  author = {Robert Audi},
  title = {Intending},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {70},
  number = {13},
  pages = {387--403},
  topic = {intention;practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ audi:1986a,
  editor = {Robert Audi},
  title = {Action, Decision, and Intention: Studies in the Foundation of
  	Action Theory as an Approach to Understanding Rationality
	and Decision},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@incollection{ audi:1986b,
  author = {Robert Audi},
  title = {Intending Intentional Action, and Desire},
  booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical
  	Psychology on the Concept of Wanting},
  publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joel Marks},
  pages = {17--38},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {intention;action;desire;}  
  } 

@article{ audi:1991a,
  author = {Robert Audi},
  title = {Intention, Cognitive Commitment, and Planning},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {86},
  number = {3},
  pages = {361--378},
  contentnote = {Defends the philosophical view that intention
  	is definable in terms of belief and desire.},
  xref = {See  garcia_jla:1991a.},
  topic = {intention;belief;desire;agent-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ audi:1993a,
  author = {Robert Audi},
  title = {Mental Causation: Sustaining and Dynamic},
  booktitle = {Mental Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele},
  pages = {53--74},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;}  
  } 

@book{ auer-diluzio:1991a,
  editor = {Peter Auer and Aldo DiLuzio},
  title = {The Contextualization of Language},
  publisher = {John Benjamins},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {1556192908 (paper)},
  topic = {context;sociolinguistics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ auer:1998a,
  editor = {Peter Auer},
  title = {Code-Switching in Conversation: Language, Interaction and
    	Identity},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415158311},
  topic = {code-switching;bilingualism;}  
 } 

@article{ auguste:1985a,
  author = {Donna Auguste},
  title = {Review of {\it Intelligent Tutoring Systems}, by {D}erek {H}.
  	{S}leeman and {J}ohn {S}. {B}rown},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {233--238},
  xref = {Review of sleeman-brown_js:1982a.},
  topic = {intelligent-tutoring;}  
  } 

@article{ aumann:1976a,
  author = {Robert J. Aumann},
  title = {Agreeing to Disagree},
  journal = {Annals of Statistics},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1236--1239},
  topic = {game-theory;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ aumann:1992a,
  author = {Robert J. Aumann},
  title = {Perspectives on Bounded Rationality},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {108--117},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {game-theory;limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ aumann:1992b,
  author = {Robert J. Aumann},
  title = {Interactive Epistemology},
  year = {1992},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Hebrew University, Jerusalem.},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;rationality;game-theory;mutual-belief;}  
  } 

@book{ aumann-hart:1992a,
  editor = {Robert J. Aumann and Sergiu Hart},
  title = {Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444880984 (v. 1))},
  topic = {game-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ aumann-hart_s:1994a,
  editor = {Robert J. Aumann and Sergiu Hart},
  title = {Handbook of Game Theory, with Economic Applications, Vol. 2},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444894276},
  topic = {game-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ aumann-machsler:1995a,
  author = {Robert Aumann and Michael B. Machsler},
  title = {Repeated Games with Incomplete Information},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  note = {With the collaboration of Richard E. Stearns},
  topic = {game-theory;epistemic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ aumann-etal:1996a,
  author = {Robert J. Aumann and Serigiu Hart and Motty Perry},
  title = {The Absent-Minded Driver},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {97--116},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {game-theory;resource-limited-reasoning;
  	absent-minded-driver-problem;}  
  } 

@article{ aumann:forthcominga,
  author = {Robert J. Aumann},
  title = {Interactive Epistemology {II}: Probability},
  journal = {International Journal of Game Theory},
  year = {1998},
  missinginfo = {year,volume, number,pages},
  topic = {foundations-of-game-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ aune:1962a,
  author = {Bruce Aune},
  title = {Abilities, Modalities, and Free-Will},
  journal = {Philosophy and Phenomenological Research},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {397--413},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {freedom;ability;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ aune:1968a,
  author = {Bruce Aune},
  title = {Hypotheticals and `Can': Another Look},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {191--195},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conditionals;ability;JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@article{ aune:1968b,
  author = {Bruce Aune},
  title = {Statements and Propositions},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {215--229},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {truth-bearers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ aune:1975a,
  author = {Bruce Aune},
  title = {Vendler on Knowledge and Belief},
  booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge.  {M}innesota Studies in
  	the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Keith Gunderson},
  pages = {391--399},
  address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@book{ aune:1977a,
  author = {Bruce Aune},
  title = {Reason and Action},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@incollection{ aune:1978a,
  author = {Bruce Aune},
  title = {Root on {Q}uine},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {290--293},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {intensionality;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ aune:1986a,
  author = {Bruce Aune},
  title = {Other Minds after Twenty Years},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {559--574},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@book{ austin_df:1988a,
  editor = {David F. Austin},
  title = {Philosophical Analysis: A Defense By Example},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027726744},
  topic = {analytical-philosophy;}  
 } 

@book{ austin_df:1990a,
  author = {David F. Austin},
  title = {What's the Meaning of "This"?: A Puzzle About
           Demonstrative Belief},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Ithaca},
  ISBN = {0801424097},
  topic = {demonstratives;reference;}  
 } 

@article{ austin_jl:1950a,
  author = {John L. Austin},
  title = {Truth},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1950},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {111--128},
  note = {Supplementary Volume.},
  topic = {truth;propositional-attitudes;truth-bearers;
  	correspondence-theory-of-truth;}  
  } 

@article{ austin_jl:1950b,
  author = {John L. Austin},
  title = {Ifs and Cans},
  journal = {Proceedings of the British Academy},
  year = {1956},
  pages = {109--132},
  missinginfo = {volume},
  topic = {ability;conditionals;freedom;}  
  } 

@article{ austin_jl:1956a,
  author = {John L. Austin},
  title = {A Plea for Excuses},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian {S}ociety},
  year = {1956--57},
  volume = {57},
  pages = {1--30},
  topic = {excuses;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@article{ austin_jl:1958a,
  author = {John L. Austin},
  title = {Pretending},
  journal = {Aristotelian {S}ociety Supplementary Series},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {261--278},
  topic = {pretense;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@book{ austin_jl:1961a,
  author = {John L. Austin},
  title = {Philosophical Papers},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1961},
  note = {Edited by {J.O.} {U}rmson and {G.J.} {W}arnock},
  topic = {ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
 } 

@book{ austin_jl:1962a,
  author = {John L. Austin},
  title = {Sense and Sensibilia},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1962},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {epistemology;phenomenalism;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
 } 

@book{ austin_jl:1962b,
  author = {John L. Austin},
  title = {How to Do Things With Words},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1962},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Reviews: cerf:1966a1, cerf:1966a2, sayre:1963a},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ auwera:1986a,
  author = {Johan {van der Auwera}},
  title = {Conditionals and Speech Acts},
  booktitle = {On Conditionals},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly},
  pages = {197--214},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {conditionals;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@incollection{ auyang:2000a,
  author = {Sunny Y. Auyang},
  title = {Mathematics and Reality: Two Notions of Spacetime in
  	the Analytic and Constructivist Views of Gauge Field Theories},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S482--S494},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;gauge-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ auyang:2001a,
  author = {Sunny Y. Auyang},
  title = {Mind in Everyday Life and Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-01181-6},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
 } 

@incollection{ avenhaus:1998a,
  author = {J. Avenhaus},
  title = {Introduction (To Part IV: Comparison and
		Cooperation of Theorem Provers)},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ avigad-feferman:1998a,
  author = {Jeremy Avigad and Solomon Feferman},
  title = {G\"odel's Functional (`Dialectica') Interpretation},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Samuel R. Buss},
  pages = {337--405},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Review: arai:1998f.},
  topic = {proof-theory;intuitionistic-logic;recursion-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ avigad:1999a,
  author = {Jeremy Avigad},
  title = {Review of {\it In the Light of Logic}, by
  	{S}olomon {F}eferman},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {12},
  pages = {638--642},
  xref = {Review of: feferman:1998a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ avigad:2000a,
  author = {Jeremy Avigad},
  title = {Interpreting Classical Theories in Constructive Ones},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1785--1812},
  topic = {constructive-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ avigad:2002a,
  author = {Jeremy D. Avigad},
  title = {Review of `Explicit Provability and Constructive
  	Semantics', by {S}ergei {N}. {A}rtemov},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {432--433},
  xref = {Review of: artemov:2000a.},
  topic = {provability-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ avramides:1989a,
  author = {A. Avramides},
  title = {Meaning and Mind: An Examination of a {G}ricean
  	Account of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;philosophy-of-language;Grice;}  
 } 

@article{ avron:1991a,
  author = {Arnon Avron},
  title = {A Note on Provability, Truth, and Existence},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {403--409},
  topic = {goedels-first-theorem;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ axelrod:2000a,
  author = {Scott Axelrod},
  title = {Natural Language Generation in the {IBM} 
     		Flight Information System},
  booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Candace Sidner et al.},
  pages = {21--32},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@book{ ayer:1954a,
  author = {A.J. Ayer},
  title = {Philosophical Essays},
  publisher = {St. Martin's Press},
  year = {1954},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ayer:1954b,
  author = {A.J. Ayer},
  title = {Freedom and Necessity},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Essays},
  publisher = {St. Martin's Press},
  year = {1954},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {freedom;}  
  } 

@book{ ayer:1963a,
  author = {Alfred Jules Ayer},
  title = {The Concept of a Person, and Other Essays},
  publisher = {St. Martin's Press},
  year = {1963},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {3540671900 (softcover)},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;personal-identity;
	ordinary-language-philosophy;} 
 } 

@incollection{ ayer:1969a,
  author = {Alfred J. Ayer},
  title = {Has {A}ustin Refuted Sense-Data?},
  booktitle = {Symposium on {J}.{L}. {A}ustin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {284--308},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;phenomenalism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ayer:1969b,
  author = {Alfred J. Ayer},
  title = {Rejoinder to Professor Forguson},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {342--348},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;phenomenalism;}  
  } 

@book{ ayer:1972a,
  author = {Alfred Jules Ayer},
  title = {Bertrand Russell},
  publisher = {Viking Press},
  year = {1972},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0670158992},
  topic = {Russell;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ayer:1976a,
  author = {Alfred J. Ayer},
  title = {Identity and Reference},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {3--24},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {identity;}  
  } 

@article{ ayers:1965a,
  author = {M.R. Ayers},
  title = {Counterfactuals and Subjunctive Conditionals},
  journal = {Mind, New Series},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {74},
  number = {295},
  pages = {347--364},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ ayers:1966a,
  author = {M.R. Ayers},
  title = {Austin on `Could' and `Could Have'\, } ,
  journal = {Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {113--120},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ability;conditionals;counterfactual-past;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ azarewicz-etal:1986a,
  author = {Jerone Azarewicz and Glenn Fala and Christof Heithecker},
  title = {Plan Recognition for Airbourne Tactical Decision Making},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  pages = {805--811},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {plan-recognition;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ azzam:1996a,
  author = {Saliha Azzam},
  title = {Resolving Anaphors in Embedded Sentences},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {263--269},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {anaphora;parsing-algorithms;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ azzam-etal:1998a,
  author = {Saliha Azzam and Kevin Humphreys and Robert Gaizauskas},
  title = {Evaluating a Focus-Based Approach to Anaphora Resolution},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {74--78},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;}  
 } 

@article{ azzouni:2001a,
  author = {Jody Azzouni},
  title = {Truth Via Anaphorically Unrestricted Quantifiers},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {4},
  pages = {329--354},
  topic = {truth;propositional-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baader-etal:1992a,
  author = {Franz Baader and Bernhard Hollunder and Bernhard Nebel
  	and Hans-J\"urgen Profitlich},
  title = {Terminological Reasoning with Constraint Networks and
  	an Application to Plan Recognition},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {282--293},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;constraint-networks;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ baader-hollunder:1992a,
  author = {Franz Baader and Bernhard Hollunder},
  title = {Embedding Defaults into Terminological Knowledge Representation
  	Formalisms},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {306--317},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;inheritance-theory;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ baader-nutt:1992a,
  author = {Franz Baader and Werner Nutt},
  title = {Are Complete and Expressive Terminological Systems
  	Feasible?},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {1--5},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  contentnote = {Discusses the KR system KRIS.},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ baader-schulz_ku:1992a,
  author = {Franz Baader and Klaus U. Schulz},
  title = {Unification in the Union of Disjoint Equational Theories:
                   Combining Decision Procedures},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on
                   Automated Deduction},
  editor = {Deepak Kapur},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = 1992,
  address = {Berlin},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = 607,
  pages = {50--65},
  topics = {unification;}  
} 

@article{ baader-etal:1993a,
  author = {Franz Baader and Hans-J\"urgen B\"urckert and Bernhard
  	Nebel and Werner Nutt and Gert Smolka},
  title = {On the Expressivity of Feature Logics with Negation,
  	Functional Uncertainty, and Sort Equations},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--18},
  contentnote = {Functionality is a feature logic construct proposed
  	by Kaplan to get long distance dependencies.  They prove that
	satisfiability is undecidable.},
  topic = {feature-structure-logic;kr-complexity-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ baader-hollunder:1995a,
  author = {Franz Baader and Bernhard Hollunder},
  title = {Embedding Defaults into Terminological Knowledge Representation
  	Systems},
  journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {149--180},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;inheritance-theory;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ baader-laux:1995a,
  author = {Franz Baader and Armin Laux},
  title = {Terminological Logics with Modal Operators},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {808--814},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;}  
 } 

@article{ baader-etal:1996a,
  author = {Franz Baader and Martin Buchheit and Bernhard Hollunder},
  title = {Cardinality Restrictions on Concepts},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {88},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {195--213},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The concept description formalisms of existing description
     logics systems allow the user to express local cardinality
     restrictions on the fillers of a particular role. It is not
     possible, however, to introduce global restrictions on the
     number of instances of a given concept. This article argues that
     such cardinality restrictions on concepts are of importance in
     applications such as configuration of technical systems, an
     application domain of description logics systems that is
     currently gaining in interest.  It shows that including such
     restrictions in the description language leaves the important
     inference problems such as instance testing decidable.  The
     algorithm combines and simplifies the ideas developed for the
     treatment of qualified number restrictions and of general
     terminological axioms.
  } ,
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;cardinality-restrictions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baader-sattler:1996a,
  author = {Franz Baader and Ulrike Sattler},
  title = {Number Restrictions on Complex Roles in Description
  	Logics: A Preliminary Report},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {328--339},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ baader-schultz:1996a,
  editor = {Franz Baader and Klaus U. Schultz},
  title = {Frontiers of Combining Systems},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {072342712},
  topic = {combining-logics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ baader-schultz_ku:1998a,
  author = {Franz Baader and Klaus U. Schulz},
  title = {Unification Theory},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;unification;}  
  } 

@book{ baader-schulz_ku:1998b,
  editor = {Franz Baader and Klaus Ulrich Schulz},
  title = {Frontiers of Combining Systems 2},
  publisher = {Research Studies Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0792342712},
  topic = {combining-logics;combining-systems;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ baader-etal:2000a,
  author = {Franz Baader and Ralf K\"usters and Ralf M\"olitor},
  title = {Rewriting Concepts Using Terminologies},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {297--308},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;concept-definitions;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ baader-usters:2000a,
  author = {Franz Baader and Ralf K\"usters},
  title = {Matching in Description Logics with Existential
        Restrictions},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {261--272},
  topic = {taxonomic-logic;pattern-matching;}  
  } 

@article{ baader-sattler:2001a,
  author = {Franz Baader and Ulrike Sattler},
  title = {Algorithms for Description Logics},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--40},
  topic = {proof-theory;semantic-tableaux;modal-logic;taxonomic-logics;
  	classifier-algorithms;} 
  } 

@article{ baars:1994a,
  author = {Bernard J. Baars},
  title = {A Thoroughly Empirical Approach to Consciousness},
  journal = {Psyche},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {6},
  missinginfo = {pages, number  Maybe this is an online journal???},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;other-modeling;}  
  } 

@book{ baars:1997a,
  author = {Bernard J. Baars},
  title = {In the Theatre of Consciousness: the Workspace of the Mind},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;cognitive-psychology;consciousness;}  
 } 

@article{ baayen-sproat:1996a,
  author = {Harald Baayen and Richard Sproat},
  title = {Estimating Lexical Priors for Low-Frequency
  	Morphologically Ambiguous Forms},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {155--166},
  topic = {corpus-statistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baaz-etal:1998a,
  author = {M. Baaz et al.},
  title = {Extension Methods in Automated Deduction},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, other authors, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ baber-noyes:1993a,
  editor = {Christopher Baber and Janet M. Noyes},
  title = {Interactive Speech Technology: Human Factors Issues in
  		the Application of Speech Input},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Bristol, Pennsylvania},
  ISBN = {074840127X (paper)},
  topic = {speech-processing;spoken-dialogue-systems;HCI;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ bacchus:1989a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus},
  title = {A Modest, but Semantically Well Founded, Inheritance
  	Reasoner},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {1104--1109},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, CA},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bacchus-etal:1989a1,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Josh Tennenberg and Johannes Koomen},
  title = {A Non-Reified Temporal Logic},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {2--10},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  contentnote = {Proposes a termporal logic in sorted FOL.},
  xref = {Journal publication: bacchus-etal:1989a2.},
  topic = {temporal-representation;}  
  } 

@article{ bacchus-etal:1989a2,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Josh Tennenberg and Johannes Koomen},
  title = {A Non-Reified Temporal Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {52},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--108},
  contentnote = {Proposes a temporal logic in sorted FOL.},
  xref = {Conference publication: bacchus-etal:1989a.},
  topic = {temporal-representation;kr;krcourse;}  
  } 

@book{ bacchus:1990a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus},
  title = {Representing and Reasoning with Probabilistic Knowledge},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: gryzmalabusse:1999a.},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
 } 

@article{ bacchus-etal:1990a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.} and Mariam
  	Thalos},
  title = {Against Conditionalization},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {84},
  number = {3},
  pages = {475--506},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;Dutch-book-argument;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bacchus:1991a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus},
  title = {Default Reasoning from Statistics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown},
  pages = {392--398},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {statistical-inference;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bacchus-etal:1992a,
  author =  {Fahiem Bacchus and Adam Grove and Joseph Halpern and
   	      Daphne Kohler},
  title = {From Statistics to Belief},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
  pages = {602--608},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;indifference;world-entropy;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bacchus-etal:1993a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Adam Grove and Daphne Koller},
  title = {Statistical Foundations for Default Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  missinginfo = {pagers},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;probability-logics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bacchus-etal:1994a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Adam Grove and Joseph Halpern and
  	      Daphne Koller},
  title = {Forming Beliefs about a Changing World},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
               Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  pages = {222--229},
  contentnote = {Title is misleading.   A generalization of situation
  		calculus to accommodate uncertainty.  Uses random
		worlds for the statistics.  Includes an indeterministic
		account of action.},
  topic = {nondeterministic-action; foundations-of-planning;frame-problem;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ bacchus-etal:1994b,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Adam Grove and Joseph Halpern and
  	      Daphne Koller},
  title = {Generating New Beliefs from Old},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Uncertainty in
  		Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {37--45},
  editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;indifference;world-entropy;}  
  } 

@article{ bacchus-yang_q:1994a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Qiang Yang},
  title = {Downward Refinement and the Efficiency of Hierarchical
  	Problem Solving},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {71},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--100},
  topic = {abstraction;hierarchical-problem-solving;
  	AI-algorithms-analysis;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bacchus-etal:1995a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Joseph Y. Halpern and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Reasoning about Noisy Sensors in the Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1933--1940},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {action-formalisms;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bacchus-grove:1995a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Adam Grove},
  title = {Graphical Models for Preference and Utility},
  booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence.  Proceedings of
  	the Eleventh Conference (1995)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {3--10},
  contentnote = {Idea: use _conditional_additive_independence_ as the basis
   	   for graph representations that may help computability.  } ,
  topic = {Bayesian-networks,qualitative-utility;preference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bacchus:1996a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus},
  title = {Utility Independence in Qualitative Decision Theory},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {542--552},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;qualitative-utility;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ bacchus-etal:1996a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Adam Grove and Joseph Y. Halpern and
  	Daphne Koller},
  title = {From Statistical Knowledge Bases to Degrees of Belief},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {87},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {75--143},
  topic = {statistical-inference;qualitative-probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bacchus-grove:1996a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Adam Grove},
  title = {Utility Independence in Qualitative Decision Theory},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {542--552},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;qualitative-utility;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bacchus-grove:1997a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Adam Grove},
  title = {Independence in Qualitative Decision Theory},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {1--8},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bacchus-petrick:1998a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Ron Petrick},
  title = {Modeling an Agent's Incomplete Knowledge during Planning
  	and Execution},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {432--443},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;planning;reasoning-about-knowledge;
  	representing-agent-knowledge;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bacchus:1999a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus},
  title = {{TL}Plan: Planning Using Declarative Search Control
  		(Abstract)},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {declarative-search-control;planning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ bacchus-etal:1999a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Joseph Y. Halpern and Hector J.
  	Levesque},
  title = {Reasoning about Noisy Sensors and Effectors in the
  	Situation Calculus},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {111},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {171--208},
  topic = {planning-formalisms;sensing-actions;uncertainty-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ bacchus-kabanza:2000a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Froduald Kabanza},
  title = {Using Temporal Logics to Express Search Control
  	Knowledge for Planning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {116},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {123--191},
  topic = {procedural-control;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ bacchus:2001a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus},
  title = {{AIPS}'00 Planning Competition},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--56},
  topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ bacchus-etal:2002a,
  author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Xinguang Chen and Peter van Beek and
  	Toby Walsh},
  title = {Binary versus Non-Binary Constraints},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {140},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--37},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;} 
  } 

@book{ bach_e:1964a,
  author = {Emmon Bach},
  title = {An Introduction to Transformational Grammars},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston},
  year = {1964},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bach_e:1968a1,
  author = {Emmon Bach},
  title = {Nouns and Noun Phrases},
  booktitle = {Universals in Linguistic Theory},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston},
  year = {1968},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Robert Harms},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Republication: bach_e:1968a2.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bach_e:1968a2,
  author = {Emmon Bach},
  title = {Nouns and Noun Phrases},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {79--99},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: bach_e:1968a1.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bach_e:1974a,
  author = {Emmon Bach},
  title = {Explanatory Adequacy},
  booktitle = {Explaining Linguistic Phenomena},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {David Cohen},
  pages = {153--171},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology;
  		explanation;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ bach_e:1977a,
  author = {Emmon Bach},
  title = {Control},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Massachusetts.},
  topic = {syntactic-control;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ bach_e-cooper_r:1977a,
   author = {Emmon Bach and Robin Cooper},
   title = {The {\sc np-s} Analysis of Relative Clauses and Compositional
   	Semantics},
   journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
   year = {1977},
   volume = {2},
   number = {1},
   pages = {145--149},
   topic = {nl-semantics;syntax-semantics-interface;
   	semantic-compositionality;}
   	} 

@article{ bach_e:1979a,
  author = {Emmon Bach},
  title = {Control in {M}ontague Grammar},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {515--531},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-semantics[nl-syntax;Montague-grammar;syntactic-control;}  
  } 

@article{ bach_e:1980a,
  author = {Emmon W. Bach},
  title = {In Defense of Passive},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {297--341},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;passive;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bach_e-partee:1980a,
  author = {Emmon Bach and Barbara Partee},
  title = {Anaphora and Semantic Structure},
  booktitle = {Papers From the Parasession on Pronouns and Anaphora},
  editor = {K.J. Kreiman and A. Ojeda},
  year = {1980},
  pages = {1--28},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society},
  address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {anaphora;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bach_e:1981a,
  author = {Emmon Bach},
  title = {On Time, Tense, and Aspect: An Essay in {E}nglish
  	Metaphysics},
  booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {63--81},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {temporal-logic;nl-metaphysics;Aktionsarten;tense-aspect;
  	nl-tense;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bach_e:1984a,
  author = {Emmon Bach},
  title = {Some Generalizations of Categorial Grammars},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {1--23},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ bach_e:1986a,
  author = {Emmon Bach},
  title = {The Algebra of Events},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--16},
  topic = {nl-semantics;events;tense-aspect;Aktionsarten;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bach_e:1986b,
  author = {Emmon Bach},
  title = {Natural Language Metaphysics},
  booktitle = {Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy Of Science, {VII}:
  	Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Logic,
	Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, Salzburg, 1983},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Ruth Barcan Marcus and Georg J.W. Dorn and Paul Weingartner},
  pages = {63--81},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {metaphysics;philosophical-ontology;nl-semantics;} 
  } 

@book{ bach_e:1989a,
  author = {Emmon Bach},
  title = {Informal Lectures on Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {State University of New York Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Albany, NY},
  title = {The Meanings of Words},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{IV}},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann},
  pages = {16--34},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;universal-grammar;Wakashan-language;
		lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bach_e:1994b,
  author = {Emmon Bach},
  title = {The Semantics of Syntactic Categories},
  booktitle = {The Logical Foundations of Cognition},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {John Macnamara and Gonzalo E. Reyes},
  pages = {264--281},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nl-semantic-types;} 
  } 

@incollection{ bach_e:1995a,
  author = {Emmon Bach},
  title = {A Note on Quantification and Blankets in {H}aisla},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {13--20},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;Wakashan-language;}  
  } 

@book{ bach_e-etal:1995a,
   editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
   title = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vols. 1 and 2},
   publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
   year = {1995},
   volume = {54 and 55},
   series = {Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy},
   address = {Dordrecht},
   contentnote = {Ref for both volumes.},
   xref = {Review: vanderdoes-verkuyl:1999a.},
   topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;}  
 } 

@book{ bach_e-etal:1995b,
   editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
   title = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1},
   publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
   year = {1995},
   volume = {54},
   series = {Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy},
   address = {Dordrecht},
   contentnote = {This ref for volume 1 only. TC: Introduction.
   	       E. Bach, A Note on Quantification and Blankets in Haisla.
	       M. Baker, On the Absence of Certain Quantifiers in Mohawk.
	       M. Bittner, Quantification in Eskimo: A Challenge for
	       			Compositional Semantics.
	       M. Bittner and K. Hale, Remarks on Definiteness in Walpiri.
	       G. Chierchia, The Variability of Impersonal Subjects.
	       I. Comorovski, On Quantifier Strength and Partitive Noun
	       		Phrases
	       V. Dayal, Quantification in Correlatives.
	       N. Evans, A-Quantifiers and Scope in Malayi.
	       L. Faltz, Towards a Typology of Natural Logic.
	       D. Gil, Universal Quantifiers and Distributivity.
	       M. Haspelmath, Diachronic Sources of `All' and `Every'.
	   } ,
   topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;}  
 } 

@book{ bach_e-etal:1995c,
   editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
   title = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 2},
   publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
   year = {1995},
   volume = {55},
   series = {Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy},
   address = {Dordrecht},
   contentnote = {This ref for volume 2 only. TC:
   	       J. Higginbotham, Mass and Count Quantifiers.
	       H. de Hoop, On the Characterization of the Weak-Strong
	       		Distinction.
	       P. Jacobson, On the Quantificational Force of English Free
	       		Relatives.
	       E. Jelinek, Quantification in Straits Salish.
	       B. Partee, Quantificational Structures and Compositionality.
	       K. Petronio, Bare Noun Phrases Verbs and Quantification in ASL
	       Craige Roberts, Domain Restriction in Dynamic Semantics
	       Marcia Damaso Vieira, The Expression of
	       		Quantificational Notions in Asurini do
			Trocara: Evidence against the Universality of
			Determiner Quantification
	   } ,
   topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bach_e-etal:1995d,
  author = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {1--11},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bach_k:1979a,
  author = {Kent Bach},
  title = {Meaning, Speech Acts, and Communication},
  booktitle = {Basic Topics in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Robert M. Harnish},
  pages = {3--21},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  topic = {speech-acts;implicature;pragmatics;speaker-meaning;}  
  } 

@book{ bach_k-harnish:1979a,
  author = {Kent Bach and Robert M. Harnish},
  title = {Linguistic Communication and Speech Acts},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {speech-acts;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@article{ bach_k:1982a,
  author = {Kent Bach},
  title = {Semantic Nonspecificity and Mixed Quantifiers},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {593--605},
  topic = {semantic-underspecification;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ bach_k:1987a,
  author = {Kent Bach},
  title = {Thought and Reference},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;reference;}  
 } 

@article{ bach_k:1987b,
  author = {Kent Bach},
  title = {On Commnicative Intentions},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {141--154},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ bach_k-harnish:1992a,
  author = {Kent Bach and Robert M. Harnish},
  title = {How Performatives Really Work: A Reply to {S}earle},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {93--110},
  topic = {speech-acts;}  
  } 

@article{ bach_k:1994a,
  author = {Kent Bach},
  title = {Conversational Implicature},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {124--162},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {implicature;}  
  } 

@article{ bach_k:1995a,
  author = {Kent Bach},
  title = {Standardization vs. Conventionalization},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {6},
  pages = {677--686},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bach_k:1999a,
  author = {Kent Bach},
  title = {The Semantics-Pragmatics Distinction and Why it Matters},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Available at http://userwww.sfsu.edu/\user{}kbach/semprag.html},
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ bach_k:1999b,
  author = {Kent Bach},
  title = {The Myth of Conventional Implicature},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {4},
  pages = {327--366},
  topic = {conventional-implicature;}  
  } 

@article{ bach_k:2000a,
  author = {Kent Bach},
  title = {Review of {\it Concepts: Where Cognitive Science Went
  	Wrong}, by {J}erry {A}. {F}odor},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {109},
  number = {4},
  pages = {627--632},
  xref = {Review of: fodor_ja:1998a.},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;semantic-primitives;}  
  } 

@article{ bacharach:1985a,
  author = {M.O.L. Bacharach},
  title = {Some Extensions of a Claim of {A}umann in an Axiomatic Model
  	of Knowledge},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Theory},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {37},
  pages = {167--190},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {game-theory;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ bacharach-etal:1997a,
  editor = {M.O.L. Bacharach and L.A. G\'erard-Varet and
  	P. Mongin and H.S. Shin},
  title = {Epistemic Logic and the Theory of Games and Decisions},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-7923-4804},
  xref = {Review: arlocosta:2000a.},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;game-theory;decision-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ bache:1997a,
  author = {Carl Bache},
  title = {The Study of Aspect, Tense, and Action},
  publisher = {Peter Lang},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-8204-3509-0},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bachmair-ganziger:1998a,
  author = {L. Bachmair and H. Ganzinger},
  title = {Equational Reasoning in Saturation-Based Theorem Proving},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ back:1992a,
  author = {Allan Back},
  title = {Sailing through The Sea Battle},
  journal = {Ancient Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {133--151},
  acontentnote = {I wish to present a simple resolution of the
     problem of the sea battle treated in Aristotle's "On Interpretation
     9". Though my modelis simple, the task is not. I am going to have to
     battle with the text and to wade through a sea of secondary
     literature. Let me, then, first present the solution, and then face
     these labors. I shall conclude with some reflections about certain
     problems that my solution makes.},
  topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ backe:2000a,
  author = {Andrew Backe},
  title = {Review of {\it The Philosophical Legacy of Behaviorism}, 
  	edited by {B}ruce {A}. {T}hyer},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {546--548},
  xref = {Review of thyer:1999a.},
  topic = {behaviorism;philosophy-of-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ backofen-etal:1995a,
  author = {Rolf Backofen and James Rogers and K. Vijay-Shankar},
  title = {A First-Order Axiomatization of the Theory of Finite
  	Trees},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--39},
  topic = {finite-trees;}  
  } 

@article{ backschneider:1987a,
  author = {Paul Backscheider},
  title = {Punctuation for the Reader},
  journal = {English Journal},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {61},
  number = {6},
  pages = {874--877},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@incollection{ backstrom:1992a,
  author = {Christer B\"ackstr\"om},
  title = {Equivalence and Tractability Results for {SAS$+$} Planning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {126--137},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {planning-alorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ backstrom:1995a,
  author = {Christer B\"ackstr\"om},
  title = {Expressive Equivalence of Planning Formalisms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {17--34},
  topic = {planning-formalisms;}  
  } 

@article{ bacon:1965a,
  author = {John Bacon},
  title = {A Simple Treatment of Complex Terms},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {12},
  pages = {328--331},
  topic = {nl-quantification;relative-clauses;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ bacon:1966a,
  author = {John Bacon},
  title = {Being and Existence: Two Ways of Formal Ontology},
  school = {Philosophy Department, Yale University},
  year = {1966},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {New Haven},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;(non)existence;generics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ bacon:1973a1,
  author = {John Bacon},
  title = {The Semantics of Generic `The'\, } ,
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  xref = {Journal Publication: bacon:1973a2.},
  topic = {generics;}  
  } 

@article{ bacon:1973a2,
  author = {John Bacon},
  title = {The Semantics of Generic `The'\, } ,
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {323--339},
  topic = {generics;}  
  } 

@article{ bacon:1973b,
  author = {John Bacon},
  title = {Do Generic Descriptions Denote?},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {82},
  pages = {331--347},
  topic = {generics;}  
  } 

@article{ bacon:1974a,
  author = {John Bacon},
  title = {The Untenability of Genera},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {17},
  number = {65--66},
  pages = {197--298},
  topic = {generics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ bacon:1976a,
  author = {John Bacon},
  title = {The Logical Form of Perception Sentences},
  institution = {York College},
  number = {1},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Jamaica,New York},
  topic = {logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bacon:1984a,
  author = {John Bacon},
  title = {Sommers and Modern Logic},
  year = {1984},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Sydney.},
  missinginfo = {Said to be for a vol on Sommers edited by
  	George Englebretson.  Date this reference is a guess.},
  topic = {term-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ bacon:1988a,
  author = {John Bacon},
  title = {Four Modal Modelings},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {2},
  pages = {91--114},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ bacon:1989a,
  author = {John Bacon},
  title = {A Single Primitive Trope Relation},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {141--154},
  topic = {property-theory;philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ badouli-zanardo:1993a,
  author = {Sylvia Badouli and Alberto Zanardo},
  title = {Plausible Reasoning: A First-Order Approach},
  year = {1993},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Mathemaics,
  	University of Padova.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ badre-shneiderman:1982a,
  editor = {Albert Badre and Ben Shneiderman},
  title = {Directions in Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0893911445},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ baecker-buxton:1987a,
  editor = {Ronald M. Baecker and William A.S. Buxton},
  title = {Readings in Human-Computer Interaction: A
  	Multidisciplinary Approach},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  ISBN = {0934613249 (pbk.)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ baecker:1995a,
   editor = {Ronald M. Baecker},
  title = {Readings In Human-Computer Interaction: Toward The Year
  		2000},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  edition = {2},
  year = {1995},
  address = {San Francisco},
  ISBN = {1558602461},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ bagga-etal:1996a,
  author = {Amit Bagga and Joyce Y. Chai and Alan W. Biermann},
  title = {The Role of {WordNet} in the Creation of a Trainable Message
  	Understanding System},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {941--948},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  url = {http://www.cs.duke.edu/\user{}amit/iaai97.ps.gz},
  topic = {wordnet;message-understanding;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bagga-baldwin:1998a,
  author = {Amit Bagga and Breck Baldwin},
  title = {Entity-Based Cross-Document Coreferencing Using the Vector
  	Space Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {79--85},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {identification-across-documents;vector-space-model;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bagga-chai:1998a,
  author = {Amit Bagga and Joyce Yue Chai},
  title = {A Trainable Message Understanding System},
  booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {T. Mark Ellison},
  pages = {1--8},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@article{ baier:1970a,
  author = {Annette C. Baier},
  title = {Act and Intent},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1970},
  pages = {648--658},
  topic = {intention;action;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baier:1986a,
  author = {Annette Baier},
  title = {The Ambiguous Limits of Desire},
  booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical
  	Psychology on the Concept of Wanting},
  publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joel Marks},
  pages = {39--63},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {desire;philosophical-psychology;}  
   } 

@book{ bailey:1991a,
  author = {Richard W. Bailey},
  title = {Images of {E}nglish: A Cultural History of the Language},
  publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Ann Arbor, Michigan},
  topic = {English-Language;sociolinguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ baileykellogg-zhao:2001a,
  author = {Chris Bailey-Kellogg and Feng Zhao},
  title = {Influence-Based Model Decomposition for Reasoning about
  	Spatially Distributed Physical Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {130},
  number = {2},
  pages = {125--166},
  topic = {qualitative-reasoning;spatial-reasoning;qualitative-physics;
  	causality;model-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ bailhache:1980a,
  author = {Patrice Bailhache},
  title = {Several Possible Systems of Deontic Weak and Strong Norms},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39--100},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ bailhache:1999a,
  author = {Patrice Bailhache},
  title = {Review of {\it Extending Deontic Logic for the
  	Formalization of Legal Rules}, by {L}amb\`er {M}.{M}.
	{R}oyakkers},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {64},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1841--1842},
  xref = {Review of: royakkers:1998a.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;logic-and-law;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baioletti-etal:1998a,
  author = {M. Baioletti and S. Marcugini and A. Milani},
  title = {Encoding Planning Constraints into Partial Order
		Planning Domains},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {608--616},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;planning;;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ bajscy-large:1999a,
  author = {Ruzena Bajscy and Edward W. Large},
  title = {When and Where Will {AI} Meet Robotics?  Issues
  	in Representation},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {57--65},
  topic = {robotics;cognitive-robotics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baker_ab:1989a,
  author = {Andrew B. Baker},
  title = {A Simple Solution to the {Y}ale Shooting Problem},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {11--20},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {kr;Yale-shooting-problem;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ baker_ab-ginsberg_ml:1989a,
  author = {Andrew B. Baker and Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {A Theorem Prover for Prioritized Circumscription},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {463--467},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;circumscription;nonmonotonic-prioritization;
  	nonmonotonic-reasoning;theorem-proving;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ baker_ab-ginsberg_ml:1989b,
  author = {Andrew B. Baker and Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {Temporal Projection and Explanation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {906--911},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;frame-problem;temporal-reasoning;Yale-Shooting-problem;
  	nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ baker_ab-ginsberg_ml:1989c,
  author = {Andrew B. Baker and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Temporal Reasoning},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	Stanford University.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;
  	ramification-problem;Yale-Shooting-Problem;} 
  } 

@article{ baker_ab:1991a,
  author = {Andrew B. Baker},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning in the Framework of the Situation
  	Calculus},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {49},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {5--23},
  topic = {kr;situation-calculus;nonmonotonic-reasoning;frame-problem;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ baker_cf-etal:1998a,
  author = {Collin F. Baker and Charles J. Fillmore and John B. Lowe},
  title = {The {B}erkeley {F}rame{N}et Project},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {86--90},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ baker_cl:1973a,
  author = {Carl L. Baker},
  title = {Definiteness and Indefiniteness in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {definiteness;indefiniteness;}  
 } 

@book{ baker_cl:1978a,
  author = {Carl L. Baker},
  title = {Introduction to Generative-Transformational Gramamr},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {013484410-6},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;syntax-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ baker_gp-hacker:1980a,
  author = {Gordon P. Baker and Peter M.S. Hacker},
  title = {Wittgenstein, Understanding and Meaning},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0226035263},
  topic = {Wittgenstein;philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@book{ baker_gp-hacker:1984a,
  author = {Gordon P. Baker and Peter M.S. Hacker},
  title = {Scepticism, Rules and Language},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631136142},
  topic = {Wittgenstein;philosophy-of-language;skepticism;}  
 } 

@incollection{ baker_gp:1986a,
  author = {Gordon P. Baker},
  title = {Alternative Mind-Styles},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {277--314},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {metaphilosophy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baker_j:1986a,
  author = {Judith Baker},
  title = {Do One's Motives have to be Pure?},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {457--473},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {motivation;ethics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baker_jp:1997a,
  author = {John Paul Baker},
  title = {Consistency and Accuracy in Correcting
    		Automatically Tagged Data},
  booktitle = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  pages = {243--250},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;corpus-tagging;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baker_lr:1986b,
  author = {Lynne Rudder Baker},
  title = {Just What Do We Have in Mind?},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {25--48},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {mental-representation;methodological-solipsism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baker_lr:1989a,
  author = {Lynne Rudder Baker},
  title = {On a Causal Theory of Content},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {165--186},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {intentionality;philosophy-of-mind;representation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baker_lr:1993a,
  author = {Lynne Rudder Baker},
  title = {Metaphysics and Mental Causation},
  booktitle = {Mental Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele},
  pages = {75--95},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baker_lr:1994a,
  author = {Lynne Rudder Baker},
  title = {Content and Context},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {17--32},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {context;propositional-attitudes;intentionalituy;
  	philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@book{ baker_lr:1995a,
  author = {Lynne Rudder Baker},
  title = {Explaining Attitudes},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;belief;}  
 } 

@incollection{ baker_mc:1985a,
  author = {Mark Baker},
  title = {On the Absence of Certain Quantifiers in {M}ohawk},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {21--58},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;(in)definiteness;Australian-language;}  
  } 

@book{ baker_mc:1988a,
  author = {Mark C. Baker},
  title = {Incorporation: A Theory of Grammatical Function Changing},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {morphology;incorporation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ baker_mc:1992a,
  author = {Mark C. Baker},
  title = {Thematic Conditions on Syntactic Structures: Evidence
  	from Locative Applicatives.},
  booktitle = {Thematic Structure: Its Role in Grammar},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Iggy M. Roca},
  pages = {23--46},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {thematic-roles;argument-structure;nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@article{ baker_mc:1992b,
  author = {Mark C. Baker},
  title = {Unmatched Chains and the Representation of Plural Pronouns},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--73},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plurals;anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ baker_mc-travis:1997a,
  author = {Mark C. Baker and Lisa Travis},
  title = {Mood as Verbal Definiteness in a `Tenseless' Language},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {213--269},
  topic = {nl-tense;nl-mood;Iroquois-language;}  
  } 

@article{ baker_r:1973a,
  author = {Richard Baker},
  title = {A Spatially-Oriented Information Processor which Simulates
  	the Motions of Rigid Objects},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--40},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ balaban:1992a,
  author = {Mira Balaban},
  title = {F-Logic as a Basis for a General Description Logic},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {6--10},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ balaguer:1999a,
  author = {Mark Balaguer},
  title = {Review of {\it Naturalism in Mathematics}, by
  	{P}enelope {M}addy},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {66},
  number = {3},
  pages = {502--504},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;foundations-of-set-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ balaguer:2002a,
  author = {Mark Balaguer},
  title = {Review of {\it Thinking about Mathematics}, by {S}tewart
  	{S}hapiro},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {89--91},
  xref = {Review of shapiro_s1:2000a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;foundations-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ balashov:2000a,
  author = {Yuri Balashov},
  title = {Relativity and Persistence},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S549--SS562},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;relativity-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ balbiani:1998a,
  author = {Philippe Balbiani},
  title = {Terminological Modal Logic},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {23--39 } ,
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ balbiani-etal:1998a,
  author = {Philippe Balbiani and Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Condotta and
		Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro},
  title = {A Model for Reasoning about Bidimensional Temporal
		Relations},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {124--130},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ balbiani-osmani:2000a,
  author = {Philippe Balbiani and Aomar Osmani},
  title = {A Model for Reasoning about Topologic Relations
        between Cyclic Intervals},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {378--385},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;interval-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ balcazar:1996a,
  author = {Jos\'e L. Balc\'azar},
  title = {The Complexity of Searching Implicit Graphs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {86},
  number = {1},
  pages = {171--188},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;search;}  
  } 

@article{ baldner:1990a,
  author = {Kent Baldner},
  title = {Is Transcendental Idealism Coherent},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {85},
  number = {1},
  pages = {55--70},
  contentnote = {Formulates a version of transcendental idealism,
  	argues for its epistemological value.},
  topic = {epistemology;Kant;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baldoni-etal:1996a,
  author = {Matteo Baldoni and Laura Giordano and Alberto
		  Martelli and Viviana Patti},
  title = {An Abductive Proof Procedure for Reasoning about
		  Actions in Modal Logic Programming},
  booktitle = {Extensions of Logic Programming},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {19--33},
  topic = {aduction;logic-programming;action-formalisms;}  
} 

@article{ baldoni-etal:1998a,
  author = {Matteo Baldoni and Laura Giordano and Alberto Martelli},
  title = {A Modal Extension of Logic Programming: Modularity,
		  Beliefs and Hypothetical Reasoning},
  journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {8},
  number = {5},
  pages = {597--635},
  topic = {modal-logic;theorem-proving;logic-programming;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ balduccini-etal:2000a,
  author = {Marcello Balduccini and Michael Gelfond and Monica Nogueira},
  title = {A-Prolog as a Tool for Declarative Programming},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on
  	Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering (SEKE'2000)},
  year = {2000},
  publisher = {Knowledge Systems Institute},
  address = {Skokie, Illinois},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages},
  topic = {logic-programming;stable-models;declarative-programming;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ balduccini-etal:2001a,
  author = {Marcello Balduccini and Michael Gelfond and Monica Nogueira
  	and Richard Watson and Matthew R. Barry},
  title = {An A-Prolog Decision Support System for the Space
  	Shuttle},
  year = {2001},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Texas Tech University},
  topic = {logic-programming;stable-models;decision-support;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ baldwin_b-etal:1995a,
  author = {Breck Baldwin and Jeff Reynar and Michael John Collins
		and Jason Eisner and Adwait Ratnaparkhi and Joseph Rosenzweig
		and Anoop Sankar and B. Srinivas},
  title = {Description of the University of Pennsylvania System Used
  	for {MUC}-6},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth {ARPA} Message Understanding
  	Conference},
  year = {1995},
  missinginfo = {publisher, editor, pages},
  topic = {wordnet;message-understanding;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baldwin_jf:1991a,
  author = {J.F. Baldwin},
  title = {A New Approach to Inference Under Uncertainty for
  	Knowledge-Based Systems},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {107--114},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;possibility-theory;fuzzy;fuzzy-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ balkanski-huraltplantet:1997a,
  author = {Cecile Balkanski and Martine Huralt-Plantet},
  title = {Communicative Actions in a Dialog Model for Cooperative
  	Discourse: An Initial Report},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative
		Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {12--19},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {David Traum},
  topic = {speech-acts;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ balke-pearl:1994a,
  author = {Alexander Balke and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Probabilistic Evaluation of Counterfactual Queries},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {conditionals;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ balke-pearl:1994b,
  author = {Alexander Balke and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Counterfactual Probabilities:  Computational Methods,
  	Bounds, and Applications},
  booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 10},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {R. Lopez de Mantaras and David Poole},
  pages = {46--54},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {conditionals;probabilities;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ balke-pearl:1994c,
  author = {Alexander Balke and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Counterfactuals and Policy Analysis in Structural Models},
  booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 11},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Philippe Besnard and Steven Hanks},
  pages = {11--18},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {conditionals;probabilities;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ balkenius-gardenfors:1991a,
  author = {Christian Balkenius and Peter G\"ardenfors},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Inferences in Neural Networks},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {32--39},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;nonmonotonic-reasoning;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@article{ ballard_bw:1983a,
  author = {Bruce W. Ballard},
  title = {The *-Minimax Search Procedure for Trees Containing Chance
  	Nodes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {327--350},
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@article{ ballard_d:1988a,
  author = {David Ballard},
  title = {Combinatory Completeness without Classical Equality},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {2},
  pages = {115--132},
  topic = {lambda-calculus;fixpoints;diagonalization-arguments;}  
  } 

@book{ ballard_dh-brown_c:1982a,
  author = {Dana H. Ballard and Christopher M. Brown},
  title = {Computer Vision},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0131653164},
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
 } 

@article{ ballard_dh:1984a,
  author = {Dana H. Ballard},
  title = {Parameter Nets},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {235--267},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper describes the nucleus of a connectionist theory of
     low-level and intermediate-level vision.  The theory explains
     segmentation in terms of massively parallel cooperative
     computation among intrinsic images and a set of feature networks
     at different levels of abstraction.
      Explaining how parts of an image are perceived as a meaningful
     whole or gestalt is a problem central to vision.  A stepping
     stone towards a solution is recent work showing how to calculate
     images of physical parameters from intensity data.  Such images
     are known as intrinsic images, and examples are images of
     velocity (optical flow), surface orientation, occluding contour,
     and disparity. Intrinsic images show great promise; they are
     distinctly easier to work with than the original intensity
     image, but they are not grouped into objects.  A general way in
     which such groupings can be detected is to represent possible
     groupings as networks whose nodes signify explicit parameter
     values.  In this case the relation between parts of an intrinsic
     image and the gestalt parameters can be specified by active,
     two-way connections between an intrinsic image network and a
     gestalt parameter network.  The active connections will be
     many-to-one onto parameter value nodes that represent object
     features. The virtues of the methodology are that it can handle
     occlusion and noise and can specify intrinsic image boundaries.
     Furthermore, it can be made practical for high-dimensional
     feature spaces.  } ,
  topic = {connectionist-models;computer-vision;intrinsic-images;
  	primary/secondary-qualities;reasoning-about-noisy-sensors;}  
  } 

@article{ ballard_dh:1991a,
  author = {Dana H. Ballard},
  title = {Animate Vision},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {48},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--86},
  acontentnote = {Abstract: Animate vision systems have gaze control
     mechanisms that can actively position the camera coordinate
     system in response to physical stimuli. Compared to passive
     systems, animate systems show that visual computation can be
     vastly less expensive when considered in the larger context of
     behavior. The most important visual behavior is the ability to
     control the direction of gaze. This allows the use of very low
     resolution imaging that has a high virtual resolution. Using
     such a system in a controlled way provides additional
     constraints that dramatically simplify the computations of early
     vision. Another important behavior is the way the environment
     ``behaves''. Animate systems under real-time constraints can
     further reduce their computational burden by using environmental
     cues that are perspicuous in the local context. A third source
     of economy is introduced when behaviors are learned. Because
     errors are rarely fatal, systems using learning algorithms can
     amortize computational cost over extended periods.  Further
     economies can be achieved when the learning system uses
     indexical reference, which is a form of dynamic variable
     binding.  Animate vision is a natural way of implementing this
     dynamic binding.
 } ,
  topic = {gaze-control;computer-vision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ballard_dh:1993a,
  author = {Dana H. Ballard},
  title = {Sub-Symbolic Modeling of Hand-Eye Coordination},
  booktitle = {The Simulation of Human Intelligence},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Donald Broadbent},
  pages = {71--102},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {cognitive-modeling;hand-eye-coordination;}  
  } 

@book{ ballard_dh:1997a,
  author = {Dana H. Ballard},
  title = {An Introduction To Natural Computation},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262024209 (hardcover : alk. paper)},
  topic = {neurocognition;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ ballarin-paulson:1998a,
  author = {Clemens Ballarin and Lawrence C. Paulson},
  title = {Reasoning about Coding Theory: The Benefits We Get From
		Computer Algebra},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {55--66},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {combining-systems;automated-algebra;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@techreport{ ballarin:1999a,
  author = {Clemens Ballarin},
  title = {Computer Algebra and Theorem Proving},
  institution = {Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge},
  number = {473},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
    Is the use of computer algebra technology
    beneficial for mechanised reasoning in and about mathematical
    domains?  Usually it is assumed that it is.  Many works in this
    area, however, either have little reasoning content, or use symbolic
    computation only to simplify expressions.  In work that has achieved
    more, the used methods do not scale up.  They trust the computer
    algebra system either too much or too little.  Computer algebra
    systems are not as rigorous as many provers.  They are not logically
    sound reasoning systems, but collections of algorithms.  We classify
    soundness problems that occur in computer algebra systems.  While
    many algorithms and their implementations are perfectly trustworthy,
    the semantics of symbols is often unclear and leads to errors.  On
    the other hand, more robust approaches to interface external
    reasoners to provers are not always practical because the
    mathematical depth of proofs algorithms in computer algebra are
    based on can be enormous.  Our own approach takes both
    trustworthiness of the overall system and efficiency into account.
    It relies on using only reliable parts of a computer algebra system,
    which can be achieved by choosing a suitable library, and deriving
    specifications for these algorithms from their literature.  We
    design and implement an interface between the prover Isabelle and
    the computer algebra library Sumit [sic] and use it to prove
    non-trivial theorems from coding theory.  This is based on the
    mechanisation of the algebraic theories of rings and polynomials.
    Coding theory is an area where proofs do have a substantial amount
    of computational content.  Also, it is realistic to assume that the
    verification of an encoding or decoding device could be undertaken
    in, and indeed, be simplified by, such a system.  The reason why
    semantics of symbols is often unclear in current computer algebra
    systems is not mathematical difficulty, but the design of those
    systems.  For Gaussian elimination we show how the soundness problem
    can be fixed by a small extension, and without losing efficiency.
    This is a prerequisite for the efficient use of the algorithm in a
    prover. } ,
  topic = {theorem-proving;automated-algebra;}  
  } 

@book{ ballmer:1978a,
  author = {Thomas T. Ballmer},
  title = {Logical Grammar},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  topic = {nl-semantics;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ballmer:1979a,
  author = {Thomas T. Ballmer},
  title = {Context Change, Truth, and Competence},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {21--31},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@book{ ballmer-brennenstuhl:1981a,
  author = {Thomas T. Ballmer and  Waltraud Brennenstuhl},
  title = {Speech Act Classification: A Study in the
  	Lexical Analysis of {E}nglish Speech Activity Verbs},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Berlin},
  xref = {Review: verschueren:1983a},
  topic = {speech-acts;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ballmer-brennenstuhl:1981b,
  author = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Waltraud Brennenstuhl},
  title = {An Empirical Approach to Frametheory: Verb Thesausus
		Organization},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {297--319},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;frames;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ballmer-brennenstuhl:1981c,
  author = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Waltraud Brennenstuhl},
  title = {Lexical Analysis and Language Theory},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {414--461},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ballmer:1983a,
  author = {Thomas T. Ballmer},
  title = {Fuzzy Grammatical Categories},
  booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal},
  pages = {261--292},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {vagueness;nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@book{ ballmer-pinkal:1983a,
  editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal},
  title = {Approaching Vagueness},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  contentnote = {TD:
          1. Manfred Pinkal, "Towards a Semantics of Precization"
          2. Joachim Ballweg, "Vagueness or Context-Dependence?"
          3. Ulrich Blau, "Three-Valued Analysis of Precise, Vague,
	     and Presupposing Quantifiers"
          4. Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser, "A Formal
             Theory of Context Dependence and Context Change"
          5. Peter Bosch, "`Vagueness' is Context-Dependence: A
	     Solution to the Sorites Paradox"
          6. G\"unter Todt, "Fuzzy Logic and Modal Logic"
          7. Thomas T. Ballmer, "Fuzzy Grammatical Categories"
          8. Waltrund Brennenstuhl, "A Door's Closing---A
             Contribution to the Vagueness Semantics of Tense and
             Aspect"
          9. Wolfgang Wildgen, "Modelling Vagueness in
             Catastrophe-Theoretic Semantics"
         10. Walther Kindt, "Two Approaches to Vagueness: Theory of
             Interaction and Topology"
         11. Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser, "A Nominalistic
             Approach to Ambiguity and Vagueness Considered from a
             Mildly Platonistic Point of View"
   } ,
  topic = {vagueness;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ballweg-frosch:1979a,
  author = {Joachim Ballweg and Helmuth Frosch},
  title = {Comparison and Gradual Change},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {75--89},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;verbs-of-change;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ballweg:1981a,
  author = {Joachim Ballweg},
  title = {Simple Present Tense and Progressive
    		Periphrases in German},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {222--233},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nl-tense-aspect;German-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ballweg-frosh:1981a,
  author = {Joachim Ballweg and Helmut Frosh},
  title = {Formal Semantics for the Progressive of Stative and
  	Non-Stative Verbs},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {210--221},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nl-tense-aspect;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ballweg:1983a,
  author = {Joachim Ballweg},
  title = {Vagueness or Context-Dependence?},
  booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal},
  pages = {59--78},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {vagueness;context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ballwegschramm:1981a,
  author = {Angelika Ballweg-Schramm},
  title = {Some Comments on Lexical Fields and Their Use in
  	Lexicography},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {462--468},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {semantic-fields;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ baltag-etal:1998a,
  author = {Alexandru Baltag and Lawrence S. Moss and Slawomir
		Solecki},
  title = {The Logic of Public Announcements and Common Knowledge
		for Distributed Applications (Extended Abstract)},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {43--56},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;mutual-belief;assertion;}  
  } 

@article{ baluja-pomerleau:1997a,
  author = {Sumeet Baluja and Dean Pomerleau},
  title = {Dynamic Relevance:  Vision-Based Focus of Attention
		Using Artificial Neural Networks (Technical Note)},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {97},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {381--395},
  topic = {relevance;computer-vision;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@article{ bamber:2000a,
  author = {Donald Bamber},
  title = {Entailment with Near Surety of Scaled Assertions},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--74},
  topic = {probability;nonmonotonic-logic;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ banerji-strategy:1972a,
  author = {R.B. Banerji and G.W. Ernst},
  title = {Strategy Construction Using Homomorphisms between Games},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {223--249},
  topic = {game-playing;game-strategy;}  
  } 

@book{ banieqbal-etal:1989a,
  editor = {B. Banieqbal and H. Barringer and Amir Pnueli},
  title = {Temporal Logic in Specification},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {temporal-logic;program-verification;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ baral:1990a,
  author = {Chitta Baral},
  title = {Relation between Flat Conditional Logics and Preferential
  	Models (Preliminary Draft)},
  year = {19},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	University of Maryland},
  topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ baral-etal:1990a,
  author = {Chitta Baral and Jorge Lobo and Jack Minker},
  title = {Generalized Disjunctive Well-Founded Semantics
  	for Logic Programs: Declarative Semantics},
  booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems:  Proceedings of
  	the Fifth International Symposium},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Zbigniew Ras and M. Zemankova and M. Emrich},
  pages = {212--225},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {well-founded-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ baral-subramanian:1991a,
  author = {Chitta Baral and V.S. Subramanian},
  title = {Dualities between Alternative Semantics for Logic Programming
		and Nonmonotonic Resoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Workshop on
		Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {69--85},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {logic-programming;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baral:1992a,
  author = {Chitta Baral},
  title = {Generalized Negation as Failure and Semantics of
  	Normal Logic Programs},
  booktitle = {Logical Foundations of Computer Science---Tver '92},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Anil Nerode and M. Taitslin},
  pages = {309--319},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {negation-as-failure;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ baral-etal:1992a,
  author = {Chitta Baral and Sarit Kraus and Jack Minker and V.S.
  	Subramanian},
  title = {Combining Knowledge Bases Consisting of First Order Theories},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  missinginfo = {volume, number, pages},
  topic = {knowledge-integration;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ baral-gelfond:1993a,
  author = {Chitta Baral and Michael Gelfond},
  title = {Representing Concurrent Actions in Extended Logic
  	Programming},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {866--871},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {extended-logic-programming;planning-formalisms;
  	concurrent-actions;}  
  } 

@article{ baral-gelfond:1994a,
  author = {Chitta Baral and Michael Gelfond},
  title = {Logic Programming and Knowledge Representation},
  journal = {Journal of Logic-Programming},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {19--20},
  pages = {73--148},
  missinginfo = {number,check-topic},
  topic = {logic-programming;kr;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ baral:1995a,
  author = {Chitta Baral},
  title = {Reasoning about Actions: Non-Deterministic Effects,
  	Constraints, and Qualification},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {2017--2023},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {planning-formalisms,actions;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ baral-etal:1995a,
 author = {Chitta Baral and Michael Gelfond and Alessandro Provetti},
 title = {Representing Actions I (Laws, Observations and
 	Hypotheses)},
 booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theories and Applications},
 year = {1995},
 organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
 address = {Menlo Park, California},
 missinginfo = {pages},
 topic = {action;planning-formalisms;foundations-of-planning;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ baral-etal:1996a,
  author = {Chitta Baral and Alfredo Gabeldon and Alessandro Provetti},
  title = {Formalizing Narratives Using Nested Circumscription},
  booktitle = {Working Papers: Common Sense '96},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Tom Costello},
  pages = {15--24},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University},
  address = {Stanford University},
  note = {Consult http://www-formal.Stanford.edu/tjc/96FCS.},
  topic = {kr;circumscription;narrative-representation;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baral-etal:1996b1,
  author = {Chitta Baral and Alfredo Gabaldon and Alessandro Provetti},
  title = {Value Minimization in Circumscription},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {474--481},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: baral-etal:1996b2.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;circumscription;}  
  } 

@article{ baral-etal:1996b2,
  author = {Chitta Baral and Alfredo Gabaldon and Alessandro Provetti},
  title = {Value Minimization in Circumscription},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {102},
  number = {2},
  pages = {163--186},
  xref = {Conference Publication: baral-etal:1996b1.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;circumscription;}  
  } 

@article{ baral:1998a,
  author = {Chita Baral},
  title = {Formalizing Narratives Using Nested Circumscription},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {104},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {107--164},
  topic = {narrative-representation;narrative-understanding;
  	circumscription;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ baral-etal:1999a,
  author = {Chitta Baral and Michael Gelfond},
  title = {Reasoning Agents in Dynamic Domains},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {action-formalisms;concurrent-actions;}  
  } 

@article{ baral:2000a,
  author = {Chitta Baral},
  title = {Abductive Reasoning through Filtering},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {120},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--28},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Abduction is an inference mechanism where given a knowledge base
     and some observations, the reasoner tries to find hypotheses
     which together with the knowledge base explain the observations.
     A reasoning based on such an inference mechanism is referred to
     as abductive reasoning. Given a theory and some observations, by
     filtering the theory with the observations, we mean selecting
     only those models of the theory that entail the observations.
     Entailment with respect to these selected models is referred to
     as filter entailment. In this paper we give necessary and
     sufficient conditions when abductive reasoning with respect to a
     theory and some observations is equivalent to the corresponding
     filter entailment. We then give sufficiency conditions for
     particular knowledge representation formalisms that guarantee
     that abductive reasoning can indeed be done through filtering
     and present examples from the knowledge representation
     literature where abductive reasoning is done through filtering.
     We extend the notions of abductive reasoning and filter
     entailment to allow preferences among explanations and models
     respectively and give conditions when they are equivalent.
     Finally, we give a weaker notion of abduction and abductive
     reasoning and show the later to be equivalent to filter
     entailment under less restrictive conditions.
  } ,
  topic = {abduction;machine-learning;filtering;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ baral-etal:2000a,
  author = {Chitta Baral and Sheila McIlraith and Tran Cao San},
  title = {Formulating Diagnostic Reasoning Using an Action
         Language with Narratives and Sensing},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {311--322},
  topic = {diagnosis;action-formalisms;sensing-actions;}  
  } 

@article{ baral-etal:2000b,
  author = {Chitta Baral and Vladik Kreinovich and Ra\'ul Trejo},
  title = {Computational Complexity of Planning and Approximate
  	Planning in the Presence of Incompleteness},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {122},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {241--267},
  topic = {planning;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baral-gelfond:2000a,
  author = {Chitta Baral and Michael Gelfond},
  title = {Reasoning Agents in Dynamic Domains},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {257--279},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;agent-architectures;logic-programming;
  	planning-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baral-etal:2002a,
  author = {Chitta Baral and Tran Cao Son and Le-Chi Tuan},
  title = {A Transition Function Based Characterization of Actions
  	with Delayed and Continuous Effects},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {291--302},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;reasoning-about-actions;temporal-reasoning;action-formalisms;} 
  } 

@incollection{ baral-zhung:2002a,
  author = {Chitta Baral and Yan Zhung},
  title = {The Complexity of Model Checking for Knowledge Update},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {82--93},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;model-checking;belief-revision;} 
  } 

@article{ baral-etal:forthcominga,
  author = {Chitta Baral and Michael Gelfond and Alessandro
  	Provetti},
  title = {Representing Actions:  Laws, Observations, and Hypotheses},
  journal = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  year = {1997},
  missinginfo = {volume,number,pages},
  topic = {actions;action-formalisms;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barandregt:1992a,
  author = {H.P. Barandregt},
  title = {Lambda Calculi with Types},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Computer Science},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Samson Abramsky and Dov Gabbay and T.S.F Maibaum},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  address = {Oxford, England},
  topic = {type-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ baraz:1992a,
  author = {Turhan Baraz},
  title = {Uygulamal{\i} Noktalama-Yaz{\i}m Kurallar{\i}},
  publisher = {Cem Yay{\i}nevi},
  year = {1992},
  address = {\.{I}stanbul},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@article{ barba:1993a,
  author = {Juan Barba},
  title = {A Modal Reduction for Partial Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {4},
  pages = {429--434},
  topic = {bilattices;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ barba:1998a,
  author = {Juan Barba},
  title = {Construction of Truth Predicates: Approximation Versus
  	Revision},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {199},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {399--417},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;fixpoints;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ barbeceanu:1998a,
  author = {Mihai Barbeceanu},
  title = {Coordinating Agents by Role Based Social Constraints
  	and Conversation Plans},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan},
  pages = {16--21},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {coord-in-conversation;coordination;artificial-societies;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barbera:1983a,
  author = {Salvador Barber\'a},
  title = {Pivotal Voters: A Simple Proof of {A}rrow's Theorem},
  booktitle = {Social Choice and Welfare},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Prasanta K. Pattanaik and Maurice Salles},
  pages = {31--35},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {social-choice-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ barbosa:1998a,
  editor = {Pilar Barbosa},
  title = {Is The Best Good Enough?  Optimality and Competition in Syntax},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Peter Ackema and Ad Neeleman, "WHOT?"
     2. Eric Bakovic, "Optimality and inversion in {S}panish"
     3. Joan Bresnan, "Morphology Competes with Syntax:
     		Explaining Typological Variation in Weak Crossover
		Effects"
     4. Luigi Burzio, "Anaphora and Soft Constraints"
     5. Noam Chomsky, "Some Observations on Economy in Generative 
     		Grammar"
     6. Danny Fox, "Locality in Variable Binding"
     7. Edward Gibson and Kevin Broihier, "Optimality Theory and
     		Human Sentence Processing"
     8. Jane Grimshaw and Vieri Samek-Lodovici, "Optimal Subjects
     		and Subject Universals"
     9. Yookyung Kim and Stanley Peters, "Semantic and Pragmatic
     		Context-Dependence: The Case of Reciprocals"
    10. G\'eraldine Legendre, Paul Smolensky, and Colin Wilson,
    		"When is Less More?  Faithfulness and Minimal Links
		in Wh-Chains"
    11. Masanori Nakamura, "Reference Set, Minimal Link Condition,
    		and Parameterization"
    12. Mark Newson, "On the Nature of Inputs and Outputs: 
    		a Case Study of Negation"
    13.  David Pesetsky, "Some Optimality Principles of 
    		Sentence Pronunciation"
    14.  Geoffrey Poole, "Constraints on Local Economy"
    15.  Douglas Pulleyblank and William J. Turkel, "The Logical
    		Problem of Language Acquisition in Optimality 
		Theory"
    16.  Bruce B. Tesar, "Error-Driven Learning in 
    		Optimality Theory Via the Efficient Computation of
		Optimal Forms"  } ,
  ISBN = {0262024489},
  topic = {optimality-theory;nl-syntax;} 
 } 

@book{ barbosa_p-etal:1998a,
  author = {Pilar Barbosa and Danny Fox and Paul Hagstrom and
		Martha McGinnis and David Pesetsky},
  title = {Is the Best Good Enough?  Optimality and Competition
		in Syntax},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nm-syntax;optimality-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ barbosa_v:1996a,
  author = {Valmir Barbosa},
  title = {An Introduction to Distributed Algorithms},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {distributed-processing;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bard-etal:2002a,
  author = {Ellen Gurman Bard and Matthew P. Aylett and Robin J. Lickley},
  title = {Towards a Psycholinguistics of Dialogue: Defining Reaction
  	Time and Error Rate in a Dialogue Corpus},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {29--36},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {psychology-of-discourse;} 
  } 

@book{ bareiss:1989a,
  author = {Ray Bareiss},
  title = {Exemplar-Based Knowledge Acquisition: A Unified Approach
  	to Concept Representation, Classification, and Learning},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {San Diego, California},
  topic = {learning;kr;case-based-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ barelli:1997a,
  author = {Gilead Bar-Elli},
  title = {Frege's Context Principle},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1--4},
  pages = {99--129},
  topic = {Frege;semantic-compositionality;reference;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ barendregt:1997a,
  author = {Henk Barendregt},
  title = {The Impact of the Lambda Calculus in Logic and Computer
  	Science},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {181--215},
  topic = {lambda-calculus;history-of-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ barense:1980a,
  author = {Diane D. Barense},
  title = {Tense Structure and Reference: A First Order Non-Modal
  	Approach},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1980},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Indiana University, Bloomington,
  	Indiana 46405},
  topic = {nl-tense;}  
 } 

@book{ barfield_l:1993a,
  author = {Lon Barfield},
  title = {The User Interface: Concepts and Design},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201544415},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ barfield_w-furness:1995a,
  editor = {Woodrow Barfield and Tomas A. {Furness, III}},
  title = {Virtual Environments and Advanced Interface Design},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0195075552},
  topic = {virtual-reality;HCI;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ barg-walther:1998a,
  author = {Petra Barg and Markus Walther},
  title = {Processing Unknown Words in {HPSG}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {91--95},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {robust-parsing;HPSG;word-acquisition;}  
 } 

@article{ barhillel:1950a1,
  author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  title = {Bolzano's Definition of `Analytic Proposition'\, } ,
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1950},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {91--117},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Reprinted in barhillel:1970a.  See barhillel:1950a2.},
  topic = {history-of-logic;Bolzano;analyticity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barhillel:1950a2,
  author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  title = {Bolzano's Definition of `Analytic Proposition'\, } ,
  booktitle = {Aspects of Language: Essays in Philosophy of Language,
  	Linguistic Philosophy, and Methodology of Linguistics},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company},
  year = {1972},
  pages = {3--24},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Reprinted in barhillel:1970a.  See barhillel:1950a2.},
  topic = {history-of-logic;Bolzano;analyticity;}  
  } 

@article{ barhillel:1951a1,
  author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  title = {Comments on Logical Form},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1951},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {72--75},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Reprinted in barhillel:1970a.  See barhillel:1951a2.},
  topic = {logical-form;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barhillel:1951a2,
  author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  title = {Comments on Logical Form},
  booktitle = {Aspects of Language: Essays in Philosophy of Language,
  	Linguistic Philosophy, and Methodology of Linguistics},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company},
  year = {1972},
  pages = {25--28},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Reprinted in barhillel:1970a.  See barhillel:1951a2.},
  topic = {logical-form;}  
  } 

@article{ barhillel:1952a1,
  author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  title = {Bolzano's Propositional Logic},
  journal = {Archiv f\"ur Mathematische Logik und
  	Grundlagenforschung},
  year = {1952},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {65--98},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Reprinted in bar-hillel:1970a.  See bar-hillel:1952a2.},
  topic = {history-of-logic;Bolzano;}  
  } 

@article{ barhillel:1952b1,
  author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  title = {Mr. {G}each on Rigour in Semantics},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1952},
  volume = {61},
  pages = {261--264},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Reprinted in bar-hillel:1970a.  See bar-hillel:1952a2.},
  topic = {carnap;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ barhillel:1954a1,
  author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  title = {Indexical Expressions},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1954},
  volume = {63},
  pages = {359--379},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Reprinted in barhillel:1970a.  See barhillel:1954a2.},
  topic = {indexicals;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barhillel:1954a2,
  author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  title = {Indexical Expressions},
  booktitle = {Aspects of Language: Essays in Philosophy of Language,
  	Linguistic Philosophy, and Methodology of Linguistics},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company},
  year = {1972},
  pages = {69--88},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Reprinted in barhillel:1970a.  See barhillel:1954a1.},
  topic = {indexicals;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ barhillel:1961a,
  editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  title = {Essays on the Foundations of Mathematics. Dedicated to
  	{A}.{A}.{F}raenkel on His Seventieth Anniversary},
  publisher = {Magnes Press},
  year = {1961},
  address = {Jerusalem},
  topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;set-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ barhillel-etal:1961a,
  author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel and M. Perles and E. Shamir},
  title = {On Formal Properties of Simple Phrase Structure Grammars},
  journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur Phonologie, Sprachwissenschaft und
  	Kommunikationsforschung},
  year = {1961},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {113--124},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {formal-language-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ barhillel:1963a1,
  author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  title = {Can Indexical Sentences Stand in Logical Relations?},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {87--90},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Reprinted in bar-hillel:1970a.  See bar-hillel:1963a2.},
  topic = {indexicals;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barhillel:1963b1,
  author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  title = {Remarks on {C}arnap's {\it Logical Syntax of Language}},
  booktitle = {The Philosophy of Rudolph Carnap},
  publisher = {Open Court Publishing Company},
  year = {1963},
  editor = {Paul Schilpp},
  pages = {519--543},
  address = {LaSalle, Ilinois},
  xref = {Reprinted in bar-hillel:1970a.  See bar-hillel:19a2.},
  topic = {carnap;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barhillel:1969a,
  author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  title = {Universal Semantics and the Philosophy of Language:
  	Quandaries and Prospects},
  booktitle = {Substance and Structure of Language},
  publisher = {University of California Press},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {Jaan Puhvel},
  pages = {1--21},
  address = {Berkeley and Los Angeles, California},
  xref = {Republished, cf. barhillel:1970a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ barhillel:1970a,
  author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  title = {Aspects of Language: Essays in Philosophy of Language,
  	Linguistic Philosophy, and Methodology of Linguistics},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company},
  year = {1972},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ barhillel:1971a,
  author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  title = {Pragmatics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  tableofcontents = {Get this.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ barhillel:1971b,
  author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  title = {Out of the Pragmatic Wastebasket},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {401--407},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ barhillel:1972a,
  editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  title = {Pragmatics of Natural Languages},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0521207207},
  topic = {pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@article{ barker_c-pullum:1990a,
  author = {Chris Barker and Geoffrey K. Pullum},
  title = {A Theory of Command Relations},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--34},
  topic = {syntactic-command;foundations-of-syntax;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ barker_c:1993a,
  author =  {Chris Barker},
  title = {A Presuppositional Account of Proportional Ambiguity},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{III}},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner},
  pages = {1--18},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;adverbs;conventional-implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ barker_c-dowty:1993a,
  author = {Chris Barker and David Dowty},
  title = {Non-Verbal Thematic Proto-Roles},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Meeting of the New
  	England Linguistic Society},
  year = {1993},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor, pages, organization, publisher,
  	address},
  topic = {thematic-roles;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ barker_c:1995a,
  author = {Chris Barker},
  title = {Episodic {\it -ee} in {E}nglish: Thematic Relations and
  	New Word Formation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {1--18},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  contentnote = {Uses "-ee" suffix to study thematic relations.},
  topic = {thematic-roles;}  
  } 

@article{ barker_c:1996a,
  author = {Chris Barker},
  title = {Presuppositions for Proportional Quantifiers},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {237--259},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;donkey-anaphora;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ barker_c:1999a,
  author = {Chris Barker},
  title = {Individuation and Quantification},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {30},
  number = {4},
  pages = {683--691},
  topic = {events;individuation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ barker_c-dowty:1999a,
  author = {Chris Barker and David Dowty},
  title = {Nominal Thematic Proto-Roles},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {thematic-roles;}  
  } 

@article{ barker_c:2000a,
  author = {Chris Barker},
  title = {Definite Possessives and Discouse Novelty},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {211--227},
  topic = {definiteness;possessives;old/new-information;}  
  } 

@article{ barker_c:2002a,
  author = {Chris Barker},
  title = {The Dynamics of Vagueness},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--36},
  topic = {vagueness;context;} 
  } 

@techreport{ barker_ja:1973a,
  author = {John A. Barker},
  title = {A Formal Analysis of Conditionals},
  institution = {Southern Illinois University},
  number = {Humanities Series / Number 3},
  year = {1973},
  address = {Carbondale, Illinois},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ barker_ja:1973b,
  author = {John A. Barker},
  title = {Hypotheticals, Conditionals and Theticals},
  journal = {The Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {23},
  number = {93},
  pages = {335--345},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ barker_k-szpakowicz:1998a,
  author = {Ken Barker and Stan Szpakowicz},
  title = {Semi-Automatic Recognition of Noun Modifier
  	Relationships},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {96--102},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {compound-nouns;machine-language-learning;
  	computational-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ barker_s:1991a,
  author = {Stephen Barker},
  title = {`{E}ven', `Still' and Counterfactuals},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--38},
  topic = {`even';sentence-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ barker_sf-achenstein:1960a,
  author = {S.F. Barker and Peter Achenstein},
  title = {On the New Riddle of Induction},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {69},
  number = {4},
  pages = {511--522},
  topic = {induction;(un)natural-predicates;}  
  } 

@article{ barker_sj:1997a,
  author = {S.J. Barker},
  title = {E-Type Pronouns, {DRT}, Dynamic Semantics and the
  	Quantifier-Variable Binding Model},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {195--228},
  topic = {anaphora;pronouns;discourse-representation-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barklund-etal:1994a,
  author = {Jonas Barklund and Katrin Boberg and Pierangelo Dell'Acqua},
  title = {A Basis for a Multi-Level Meta-Logic Programming Language},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {262--275},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {metaprogramming;}  
  } 

@book{ barlow-etal:1982a,
  editor = {Michael Barlow and Daniel P. FLickinger and Ivan A. Sag},
  title = {Developments in Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  ISBN = {1575862190},
  topic = {GPSG;}  
 } 

@book{ barlow-ferguson:1988a,
  editor = {Michael Barlow and Charles A. Ferguson},
  title = {Agreement in Natural Language: Approaches, Theories,
    Descriptions},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {0937073024},
  topic = {agreement;}  
 } 

@book{ barlow-kemmer:2000a,
  editor = {Michael Barlow and Suzanne Kemmer},
  title = {Usage-Based Models of Language},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {1575862190},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Suzanne Kemmer and Michael Barlow, "A usage-based conception
     		of language"
     2. Ronald W. Langacker, "A dynamic usage-based model"
     3. Joan L. Bybee, "The phonology of the lexicon"
     4. Sydney Lamb , "Bidirectional processing in language and
     		related cognitive systems"
     5. Brian MacWhinney, "Connectionism and language learning"
     6.  Connie Dickinson and T. Giv\'on, "The effect of the
     		interlocutor on episodic recall, an experimental
		study "
     7.  Mira Ariel, "The development of person agreement markers,
     		from pronoun to higher accessibility markers "
     8. Arie Verhagen, "Interpreting usage, construing the history of
     		Dutch casual verbs"
     9. Douglas Biber , "Investigating language use through
     		corpus-based analyses of association patterns"
    10. Michael Barlow, "Usage, blends and grammar"
  } ,
  topic = {sociolinguistics;corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ barnard:1983a,
  author = {Stephen T. Barnard},
  title = {Interpreting Perspective Images},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {435--462},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A fundamental problem in computer vision is how to determine the
     3-D spatial orientation of curves and surfaces appearing in an
     image.  The problem is generally underconstrained, and is
     complicated by the fact that metric properties, such as
     orientation and length, are not invariant under projection.
     Under perspective projection (the correct model for most real
     images) the transform is nonlinear, and therefore hard to
     invert. Two constructive methods are presented. The first finds
     the orientation of parallel lines and planes by locating
     vanishing points and vanishing lines.  The second determines the
     orientation of planes by `backprojection' of two intrinsic
     properties of contours: angle magnitude and curvature.},
  topic = {computer-vision;three-D-reconstruction;
  	reasoning-about-perspective;}  
  } 

@book{ barnbrook:1996a,
  author = {Geoff Barnbrook},
  title = {Language and Computers: A Practical Introduction to the
  	Computer Analysis of Language},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  ISBN = {0-7486-0785-4},
  xref = {Review: kirk:1998a},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ barnden:1986a,
  author = {John A. Barnden},
  title = {Imputations and Explications: Representational Problems in
  	Treatments of Propositional Attitudes},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {319--364},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barnden:1989a,
  author = {John A. Barnden},
  title = {Belief, Metaphorically Speaking},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {21--32},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;belief;context;}  
  } 

@book{ barnden-pollack_jb:1991a,
  editor = {John A. Barnden and Jordan B. Pollack},
  title = {Advances in Connectionist and Neural
  	Computation Theory, Volume 1: High-Level Connectionist
	Models},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Norwood< New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0893916870},
  xref = {Review: rose:1993a.},
  topic = {connectionism;connectionist-models;}  
 } 

@incollection{ barnden-etal:1994a,
  author = {John A. Barnden and Stephen Helmreich and Eric Iverson
  	and Gees C. Stein},
  title = {An Integrated Implementation of Simulative, Uncertain,
  	and Metaphorical Reasoning about Mental States},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {27--38},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;reasoning-about-mental-states;metaphor;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barnden:1995a,
  author = {John A. Barnden},
  title = {Simulative Reasoning, Common-Sense
		Psychology, and Artificial Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {247--273},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology;
  	mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barnden-lee_mg:1999a,
  author = {John A. Barnden and Mark G. Lee},
  title = {An Implemented Context
            System that	Combines Belief Reasoning, Metaphor-Based
            Reasoning and Uncertainty Handling},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {28--41},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;metaphor;reasoning-about-attitudes;
		mental-simulation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barnden:2001a,
  author = {John A. Barnden},
  title = {Uncertainty and Conflict Handling in the
     		{ATT}-Meta Context-Based System for Metaphorical
		Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {15--29},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;metaphor;nl-interpretation;reasoning-about-attitudes;
		mental-simulation;}  
  } 

@book{ barnes_a:1997a,
  editor = {Annette Barnes},
  title = {Seeing through Self-Deception},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {self-deception;}  
 } 

@article{ barnes_g:1971a,
  author = {Gerald Barnes},
  title = {Utilitarianisms},
  journal = {Ethics},
  volume = {82},
  year = {1971},
  pages = {56--64},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
    } 

@book{ barnes_j-etal:1975a,
  editor = {Jonathan Barnes and Malcolm Schofield and Richard Sorabji},
  title = {Articles on Aristotle, Volume 1 (Science)},
  publisher = {Duckworth},
  year = {1975},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0715607626},
  topic = {Aristotle;ancient-physics;ancient-science;}  
 } 

@book{ barnes_j-etal:1977b,
  editor = {Jonathan Barnes and Malcolm Schofield and Richard Sorabji},
  title = {Articles on Aristotle: Volume 2 (Ethics and Politics)},
  publisher = {Duckworth},
  year = {1977},
  address = {London},
  topic = {Aristotle;ethics;}  
 } 

@book{ barnes_j-etal:1979a,
  editor = {Jonathan Barnes and Malcolm Schofield and Richard Sorabji},
  title = {Articles on Aristotle: Volume 3 (Metaphysics)},
  publisher = {Duckworth},
  year = {1979},
  address = {London},
  topic = {Aristotle;metaphysics;}  
 } 

@book{ barnes_j-etal:1979b,
  editor = {Jonathan Barnes and Malcolm Schofield and Richard Sorabji},
  title = {Articles on Aristotle: Volume 4 (Psychology and Aesthetics)},
  publisher = {Duckworth},
  year = {1979},
  address = {London},
  topic = {Aristotle;}  
 } 

@article{ barnes_rf:1981a,
  author = {Robert F. Barnes},
  title = {Interval Temporal Logic: A Note},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {395--397},
  topic = {temporal-logic;interval-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barnett_d:2000a,
  author = {David Barnett},
  title = {Vagueness-Related Attitudes},
  booktitle = {Skepticism},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Ernest Sosa and Enrique Villanueva},
  pages = {302--320},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ barnett_ja:1984a,
  author = {Jeffrey A.  Barnett},
  title = {How Much Is Control Knowledge Worth?  A Primitive Example},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {77--89},
  topic = {procedural-control;}  
  } 

@book{ baron_de:1982a,
  author = {Dennis E. Baron},
  title = {Grammar and Good Taste: Reforming the {A}merican
  	Language},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1982},
  address = {New Haven},
  topic = {language-reform;prescriptive-linguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ baron_j:1993a,
  editor = {Jonathan Baron},
  title = {Morality and Rational Choice},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  number = {18},
  series = {Theory and Decision Library},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {Chapters:
  	1.  Introduction
  	2.  Morality and decision-making
  	3.  The nature of goals
  	4.  Expected utility theory
  	5.  Decisions for others
  	6.  Self-other conflict
  	7.  Acts and omissions
  	8.  Utilitarian education
  	9.  Decision analysis and public policy
  	10. Equity in social policy and liability
  	11. The risk analysis debate
  	12. Social decisions
  	},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;rationality;goals;
  	foundations-of-utility;policy-making;}  
 } 

@book{ baron_s-etal:1990a,
  editor = {Sheldon Baron and Dana S. Kruser and Beverly Messick Huey},
  title = {Quantitative Modeling of Human Performance in Complex,
  	Dynamic Systems},
  publisher = {National Academy Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  ISBN = {030904135X},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ baroni-etal:1999a,
  author = {P. Baroni and G. Lamperti and P. Pogliano and M. Zanella},
  title = {Diagnosis of Large Active Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {110},
  number = {1},
  pages = {135--183},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper presents a modular technique, amenable to parallel
     implementation, for the diagnosis of large-scale, distributed,
     asynchronous event-driven (namely, active) systems.  An active
     system is an abstraction of a physical system that can be
     modeled as a network of communicating automata.  Due to the
     distributed nature of the class of systems considered, and
     unlike other approaches based on synchronous composition of
     automata, exchanged events are buffered within communication
     links and dealt with asynchronously. The main goal of the
     diagnostic technique is the reconstruction of the behavior of
     the active system starting from a set of observable events. The
     diagnostic process involves three steps: interpretation,
     merging, and diagnosis generation.  Interpretation generates a
     representation of the behavior of a part of the active system
     based on observable events.  Merging combines the result of
     several interpretations into a new, broader interpretation.  The
     eventual diagnostic information is generated on the basis of
     fault events possibly incorporated within the reconstructed
     behavior.  In contrast with other approaches, the proposed
     technique does not require the generation of the, possibly huge,
     model of the entire system, typically, in order to yield a
     global diagnoser, but rather, it allows a modular and parallel
     exploitation of the reconstruction process.  This property, to a
     large extent, makes effective the diagnosis of real active
     systems, for which the reconstruction of the global behavior is
     often unnecessary, if not impossible.  } ,
  missinginfo = {A's 1st names.},
  topic = {diagnosis;model-based-reasoning;
  	reasoning-about-distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ baroni-etal:2000a,
  author = {P. Baroni and M. Giacomin and G. Guida},
  title = {Extending Abstract Argumentation Systems Theory},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {120},
  number = {2},
  pages = {251--270},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In this paper, we extend the theory of abstract argumentation
     systems proposed by Vreeswijk (1997). This framework stands at a
     high abstraction level and provides a general model for
     argumentation activity. However, the theory reveals an inherent
     limitation in that the premises of the argumentation process are
     assumed to be indefeasible, and this introduces the need of an
     implicit constraint on the strength of the arguments, in order
     to preserve correctness.  In many application contexts the
     information available to start reasoning is not guaranteed to be
     completely reliable, therefore it is natural to assume that
     premises can be discarded during the argumentation process. We
     extend the theory by admitting that premises can be defeated and
     relaxing the implicit assumption about their strength.
      Besides fixing the technical problems related to this hidden
     assumption (e.g., ensuring that warranted arguments are
     compatible), our proposal provides an integrated model for
     belief revision and defeasible reasoning, confirming the
     suitability of argumentation as a general model for the activity
     of intelligent reasoning in presence of various kinds of
     uncertainty.
  } ,
  topic = {argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;
  	belief-revision;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barr-davidson_j:1981a,
  author = {Avron Barr and James E. Davidson},
  title = {Representation of Knowledge},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of {AI}, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Heuris{T}ech Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Avron Barr and Edward A. Feigenbaum},
  pages = {141--222},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  note = {Co-authors: Robert Filman, Douglas Appelt, Anne Gardiner,
  	and James Bennett.},
  topic = {kr-survey;}  
  } 

@book{ barr-feigenbaum:1981a,
  editor = {Avron Barr and Edward A. Feigenbaum},
  title = {The Handbook of {AI}, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Heuris{T}ech Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
 } 

@article{ barrett-stenner:1971a,
  author = {Robert H. Barrett and Alfred J Stenner},
  title = {The Myth of the Exclusive `Or'\,},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {80},
  number = {317},
  pages = {116--121},  
  topic = {disjunction;} 
  } 

@book{ barrett:1999a,
  author = {Jeffrey Alan Barrett},
  title = {The Quantum Mechanics of Minds and Worlds},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: becker_l:2001a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;branching-time;}  
 } 

@techreport{ barrett_a-etal:1994a,
  author = {Anthony Barrett and Keith Golden and Scott Pemberthy and
  	Daniel Weld},
  title = {{\sc ucpop} User's Manual},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
  	University of Washington},
  number = {93--09--06},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Seattle, WA 98105},
  topic = {planning-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ barrett_a-weld:1994a,
  author = {Anthony Barrett and Daniel S. Weld},
  title = {Partial-Order Planning: Evaluating Possible Efficiency
  	Gains},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {71--112},
  topic = {partial-order-planning;}  
  } 

@book{ barrett_e:1988a,
  editor = {Edward Barrett},
  title = {Text, Con{T}ext, and Hyper{T}ext: Writing with and for
  	the Computer},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {document-design;internet-technology;}  
 } 

@book{ barrett_ja-alexander_jm:2000a,
  editor = {Jeffrey A. Barrett and J. McKenzie Alexander},
  title = {Philosophy of Science: Proceedings of the
  	2000 Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed
	Papers},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ barriere:1998a,
  author = {Caroline Barri\'ere},
  title = {Redundancy: Helping Semantic Disambiguation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {103--109},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {disambiguation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ barringer-etal:1991a,
  author = {Howard Barringer and Michael Fisher and Dov Gabbay and
  	Anthony Hunter},
  title = {Meta-Reasoning in Executable Temporal Logic},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {40--49},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;temporal-logics;imperative-logic;programming-systems;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ barringer:1996a,
  author = {Howard Barringer and M. Fisher and D. Gabbay and R. Owens
  	and M. Reynolds},
  title = {The Imperative Future: Principles of
  	Executable Temporal Logic},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Chichester, England},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {temporal-logic;temporal-reasoning;software-engineering;}  
 } 

@incollection{ barroncohen-cross_p:1995a,
  author = {Simon Baron-Cohen and Pippa Cross},
  title = {Reading the Eyes:
		Evidence for the Role of Perception in the
		Development of a Theory of Mind},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {259--273},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {developmental-psychology;mental-simulation;
  	propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@article{ barrow_hg-tenenbaum:1981a,
  author = {Harry G. Barrow and J.M.  Tenenbaum},
  title = {Interpreting Line Drawings as Three-Dimensional Surfaces},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {75--116},
  topic = {three-D-reconstruction;}  
  } 

@article{ barrow_hg:1984a,
  author = {Harry G. Barrow},
  title = {{VERIFY}: A Program for Proving Correctness of Digital
  	Hardware Designs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {437--491},
  topic = {design-verification;}  
  } 

@article{ barrow_hg-tennenbaum:1993a,
  author = {Harry G. Barrow and J.M. Tennenbaum},
  title = {Retrospective on `Interpreting Line Drawings
  	as Three-Dimensional Surfaces'},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {71--80},
  topic = {computer-vision;three-D-reconstruction;}  
  } 

@book{ barrow_jd:1998a,
  author = {John D. Barrow},
  title = {Impossibility},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;
		popular-logic;popular-physics;popular-science;
		paradoxes;}  
 } 

@article{ barry-etal:1988a,
  author = {Michele Barry and David Cyrluk and Deepak Kapur and
  	Joseph Mundy and Van-Duc Nguyen},
  title = {A Multi-Level Geometric Reasoning System for Vision},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {291--332},
  topic = {computer-vision;geometrical-reasoning;spatial-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ barstow:1979a1,
  author = {David R. Barstow},
  title = {An Experiment in Knowledge-Based Automatic Programming},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {73--119},
  xref = {Republication: barstow:1979a2.},
  topic = {program-synthesis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barstow:1979a2,
  author = {David Barstow},
  title = {An Experiment in Knowledge-Based Automatic
          Programming},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {289--312},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: barstow:1979a2.},
  topic = {program-synthesis;}  
  } 

@book{ bartal-kruglanski:1988a,
  editor = {Daniel Bar-Tal and Arie W. Kruglanski},
  title = {The Social Psychology of Knowledge},
  publisher = {Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052132114X},
  topic = {social-psychology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bartal-kruglanski:1988b,
  author = {Daniel Bar-Tal and Arie W. Kruglanski},
  title = {The Social Psychology of Knowledge: Its Scope and Meaning},
  booktitle = {The Social Psychology of Knowledge},
  publisher = {Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Daniel Bar-Tal and Arie W. Kruglanski},
  pages = {1--14},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {social-psychology;group-attitudes;}  
  } 

@book{ bartal:1990a,
  author = {Daniel Bar-Tal},
  title = {Group Beliefs: A Conception for Analyzing Group Structure,
    Processes, and Behavior},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387970851},
  topic = {social-psychology;group-attitudes;}  
 } 

@book{ bartal:2000a,
  author = {Daniel Bar-Tal},
  title = {Shared Beliefs in a Society: Social Psychological Analysis},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  ISBN = {0-7629-0658-4 (cloth)},
  topic = {social-psychology;group-attitudes;}  
 } 

@article{ bartha:1993a,
  author = {Paul Bartha},
  title = {Conditional Obligation, Deontic Paradoxes,
        and the Logic of Agency},
  journal = {Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {forthcoming},
  topic = {deontic-logic;agency;}  
    } 

@incollection{ bartha:1998a,
  author = {Paul Bartha},
  title = {Moral Preference, Contrary-to-Duty Obligation
			and Defeasible Oughts},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  pages = {93--108},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {deontic-logic;prima-facie-obligation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bartha-hitchcock:1998a,
  author = {Paul Bartha and Christopher Hitchcock},
  title = {No One Knows the Date or the Hour: An Unorthodox
  	Application of Rev. Bayes's Theorem},
  booktitle = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed
	Papers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {339--353},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {foundations-of-statistics;}  
  } 

@article{ barto-etal:1995a,
  author = {Andrew G. Barto and Steven J. Bradtke and Satinder P. Singh},
  title = {Learning to Act Using Real-Time Dynamic Programming},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {72},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {81--138},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Learning methods based on dynamic programming (DP) are receiving
     increasing attention in artificial intelligence. Researchers
     have argued that DP provides the appropriate basis for compiling
     planning results into reactive strategies for real-time control,
     as well as for learning such strategies when the system being
     controlled is incompletely known. We introduce an algorithm
     based on DP, which we call Real-Time DP (RTDP), by which an
     embedded system can improve its performance with experience.
     RTDP generalizes Korf's Learning-Real-Time-A* algorithm to
     problems involving uncertainty. We invoke results from the
     theory of asynchronous DP to prove that RTDP achieves optimal
     behavior in several different classes of problems.  We also use
     the theory of asynchronous DP to illuminate aspects of other
     DP-based reinforcement learning methods such as Watkins'
     Q-Learning algorithm.  A secondary aim of this article is to
     provide a bridge between AI research on real-time planning and
     learning and relevant concepts and algorithms from control
     theory.},
  topic = {reinforcement-learning;machine-learning;dynamic-programming;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bartsch:1972a,
  author = {Renate Bartsch},
  title = {Relative Adjectives and Comparison in a {M}ontague
  	Grammar},
  year = {1972},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Freie Universit\"at, Berlin.},
  topic = {semantics-of-adjectives;comparative-constructions;}  
  } 

@book{ bartsch-vennemann:1973a,
  author = {Renate Bartsch and Theo Vennemann},
  title = {Semantic Structures: A Study In the Relation Between
  	Semantics and Syntax},
  publisher = {Athen\"aum Verlag},
  year = {1973},
  address = {Frankfurt},
  ISBN = {3761017091},
  topic = {syntax-semantics-interface;}  
} 

@incollection{ bartsch:1976a,
  author = {Renate Bartsch},
  title = {The Role of Categorial Syntax in Grammatical Theory},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {503--539},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bartsch:1984a,
  author = {Renate Bartsch},
  title = {The Structure of Word Meanings: Polysemy,
     	  Metaphor, Metonymy},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {25--54},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;context;nl-polysemy;metaphor;metonymy;}  
  } 

@techreport{ bartsch:1987a,
  author = {Renate Bartsch},
  title = {The Construction of Properties Under Perspectives},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {87--08},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;adjectives;measures;}  
  } 

@techreport{ bartsch:1987b,
  author = {Renate Bartsch},
  title = {Frame Representations and Discourse Representations},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {87--08},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;frames;discourse-representation-theory;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ bartsch:1987c,
  author = {Renate Bartsch},
  title = {Frame Representations and Discourse Representations},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--117},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;frames;lexical-semantics;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ bartsch:1987d,
  author = {Renate Bartsch},
  title = {Norms of Language: Theoretical and Practical Aspects},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1987},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0582014751},
  topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology;}  
} 

@article{ bartsch:1988a,
  author = {Renate Bartsch},
  title = {Tenses and Aspects in Discourse},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1/2},
  pages = {133--194},
  title = {Tenses, Aspects, and Their Scopes in Discourse},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--88--07},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {tense-aspect;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ bartsch-etal:1989a,
  editor = {Renate Bartsch and Johan van Benthem and P. van Emde
  	Boas},
  title = {Semantics and Contextual Expression},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9067654434},
  note = {Articles based on papers chosen from those presented at the 6th
    Amsterdam Colloquium on April 1987.},
  topic = {semantics;context;}  
} 

@techreport{ bartsch:1990a,
  author = {Renate Bartsch},
  title = {Concept Formation and Concept Composition},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--90--03},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {metaphor;polysemy;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ bartsch:1998a,
  author = {Renate Bartsch},
  title = {Dynamic Conceptual Semantics: A Logico-Philosophical
  	Investigation into Concept Formation and Understanding},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Stanford},
  ISBN = {1575861259 (hardcover},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ barwise:1975a,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Admissible Sets and Structures},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {mathematical-logic;admissible-sets;model-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ barwise:1977a,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Handbook of Mathematical Logic},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {mathematical-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ barwise:1978a,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {On Branching Quantifiers in {E}nglish},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--80},
  topic = {branching-quantifiers;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ barwise-sag:1980a,
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise and Ivan Sag},
  title = {Stanford Working Papers in Semantics, Volume 1},
  publisher = {Stanford Cognitive Science Group},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ barwise:1981a1,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Scenes and Other Situations},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {78},
  number = {7},
  pages = {369--397},
  xref = {Republication: barwise:1981a2.},
  topic = {situation-theory;logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1981a2,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Scenes and Other Situations},
  booktitle = {The Situation in Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {5--33},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  xref = {Republication of: barwise:1981a1.},
  topic = {situation-theory;logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@article{ barwise-cooper_r:1981a,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise and Robin Cooper},
  title = {Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {159--219},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;nl-quantifiers;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ barwise:1982a,
  author = {Jon Barwise},
  title = {Information and Semantics: Comments on Dretske's {\it
  	Knowledge and the Flow of Information}},
  year = {1982},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Wisconsin.},
  topic = {situation-semantics;information-flow-theory;
  		theories-of-information;}  
  } 

@article{ barwise:1983a,
  author = {Jon Barwise},
  title = {Information and Semantics},
  journal = {The Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  missinginfo = {number, pages.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;theories-of-information;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1983c,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {The Situation in Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {xiii--xvi},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {situation-theory;logic-of-percception;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1983d,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Appendix: Reply to {L}akoff},
  booktitle = {The Situation in Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {34--36},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {situation-theory;logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@book{ barwise-perry:1983a,
  author = {Jon Barwise and John Perry},
  title = {Situations and Attitudes},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {situation-theory;}  
 } 

@techreport{ barwise-perry:1984a,
  author = {Jon Barwise and John Perry},
  title = {Shifting Situations and Shaken Attitudes},
  institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information,
  	Stanford University},
  number = {CSLI--84--13},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;situation-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1985a,
  author = {Jon Barwise},
  title = {Model-Theoretic Logics: Background and Aims},
  booktitle = {Model-Theoretic Logics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Jon Barwise and Solomon Feferman},
  pages = {3--23},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {model-theory;}  
 } 

@techreport{ barwise:1985b1,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {The Situation in Logic {II}:
  	Conditionals and Conditional Information},
  institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  number = {CSLI--85--21},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Stanford University, Stanford California.},
  xref = {Published version: barwise:1986a2.},
  topic = {conditionals;situation-theory;information-flow-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1985b2,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Conditionals and Conditional Information},
  booktitle = {On Conditionals},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly
  	and Charles Ferguson},
  pages = {21--54},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Tech Report version: barwise:1986a1.},
  topic = {conditionals;situation-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ barwise-feferman:1985a,
  editor = {Jon Barwise and Solomon Feferman},
  title = {Model-Theoretic Logics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {1575860090},
  topic = {model-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ barwise-perry:1985b,
  author = {Jon Barwise and John Perry},
  title = {Shifting Situations and Shaken Attitudes},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {105--161},
  topic = {situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1986a1,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Conditionals and Conditional Information},
  booktitle = {On Conditionals},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly},
  pages = {21--54},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Republication: barwise:1986a2.},
  topic = {conditionals;situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1986a2,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Conditionals and Conditional Information},
  booktitle = {The Situation in Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {97--135},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  xref = {Republication: barwise:1986a2.},
  topic = {conditionals;situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1986b2,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Logic and Information},
  booktitle = {The Situation in Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {37--57},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  xref = {Republication of barwise:1986b1.},
  topic = {foundations-of-logic;situation-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ barwise-etchemendy:1987a,
  author = {Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy},
  title = {The Liar},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;propositional-attitudes;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ barwise:1988a,
 author = {K. Jon Barwise},
 title = {Three Views of Common Knowledge},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on
		Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
 year = {1988},
 editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
 pages = {365--379},
 publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
 address = {Los Altos, California},
 topic = {mutual-beliefs;}  
 } 

@book{ barwise:1989a,
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {The Situation in Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. K. Jon Barwise, "Introduction", pp. xiii--xvi
     2. K. Jon Barwise, "Scenes and Other Situations", pp. 5--33
     3. K. Jon Barwise, "Appendix: Reply to {L}akoff", pp. 34--36
     4. K. Jon Barwise, "Logic and Information", pp. 37--57
     5. K. Jon Barwise, "On the Circumstantial Relation between
     		Meaning and Content", pp. 59--77
     6. K. Jon Barwise, "Situations and Small Worlds", pp. 79--96
     7. K. Jon Barwise, "Conditionals and Conditional 
     		Information", pp. 97--135
     8. K. Jon Barwise, "Information and Circumstance", pp. 137--154
     9. K. Jon Barwise, "Unburdening the Language of Thought", pp. 155--176
    10. K. Jon Barwise, "Situations, Sets and the Axiom of
     		Foundation", pp. 177--200
    11. K. Jon Barwise, "On the Model Theory of Common 
    		Knowledge", pp. 201--220
    12. K. Jon Barwise, "Situations, Facts, and True 
    		Propositions", pp. 221--254 
    13. K. Jon Barwise, "Notes on the Branch Points in Situation 
    		Theory", pp. 255--276
    14. K. Jon Barwise, "{AFA} and the Unification of 
    		Information", pp. 277--283
    15. K. Jon Barwise, "Mixed Fixed Points", pp. 285--287
    16. K. Jon Barwise, "Situated Set Theory", pp. 289--292
    17. K. Jon Barwise, "Epilogue: Toward a Mathematical Theory
    		of Meaning", pp. 293--297
  } ,
  topic = {situation-theory;logic-of-perception;theories-of-information;}  
 } 

@incollection{ barwise:1989b,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {On the Circumstantial Relation between Meaning and
  	Content},
  booktitle = {The Situation in Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {59--77},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;situation-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1989c,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Situations and Small Worlds},
  booktitle = {The Situation in Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {79--96},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;situation-semantics;
  	possible-worlds-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1989d,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Information and Circumstance},
  booktitle = {The Situation in Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {137--154},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;situation-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1989e,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Unburdening the Language of Thought},
  booktitle = {The Situation in Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {155--176},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;situation-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1989f,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Situations, Sets and the Axiom of Foundation},
  booktitle = {The Situation in Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {177--200},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {situation-theory;nonwellfounded-sets;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1989g,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {On the Model Theory of Common Knowledge},
  booktitle = {The Situation in Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {201--220},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {situation-theory;mutual-beliefs;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1989h,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Situations, Facts, and True Propositions},
  booktitle = {The Situation in Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {221--254},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {situation-theory;facts;propositions;philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1989i,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Notes on the Branch Points in Situation Theory},
  booktitle = {The Situation in Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {255--276},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {situation-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1989j,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {{AFA} and the Unification of Information},
  booktitle = {The Situation in Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {277--283},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {situation-theory;nonwellfounded-sets;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1989k,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Mixed Fixed Points},
  booktitle = {The Situation in Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {285--287},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {situation-theory;nonwellfounded-sets;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1989l,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Situated Set Theory},
  booktitle = {The Situation in Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {289--292},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {situation-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise:1989m,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise},
  title = {Epilogue: Toward a Mathematical Theory of Meaning},
  booktitle = {The Situation in Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {293--297},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {situation-theory;philosophy-of-logic;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise-etchemendy:1989a,
  author = {Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy},
  title = {Model-Theoretic Semantics},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {6},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-semantics;situation-semantics;situation-theory;
  	theories-of-information;;}  
  } 

@book{ barwise-etal:1990a,
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise and Jean Mark Gawron and Gordon Plotkin
  	and Syun Tutiya},
  title = {Situation Theory and Its Applications, Volume 1},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information
   	({CSLI})},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {0937073555 (v. 1)},
  topic = {situation-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ barwise-etchemendy:1990a,
  author = {Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy},
  title = {The Language of First-Order Logic},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {logic-intro;logic-courseware;kr-course;micro-formalization;}  
 } 

@book{ barwise-etal:1991a,
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise and Jean Mark Gawron and Gordon Plotkin
  	and Syun Tutiya},
  title = {Situation Theory and Its Applications, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information
   	({CSLI})},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {0937073555 (v. 2)},
  topic = {situation-theory;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ barwise-etchemendy:1991a,
  author = {Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy},
  title = {Hyperproof: The Beta Manual},
  year = {1991},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, CSLI, Stanford University,
		Stanford, California.},
  topic = {logic-intro;logic-courseware;}  
  } 

@incollection{ barwise-seligman:1994a,
  author = {Jon Barwise and Jerry Seligman},
  title = {The Rights and Wrongs of Natural Regularity},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {331--364},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;intentionality;natural-laws;
  	natural-regularities;information-flow-theory;conditionals;
		theories-of-information;}  
  } 

@book{ barwise-etchemendy:1995a,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy},
  title = {Hyperproof},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {logic-intro;human-theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@book{ barwise-etchemendy:1995b,
  author = {K. Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy},
  title = {Turing's World 3.0 (Windows Version)},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {mathematics-intro;computability;}  
 } 

@incollection{ barwise-etchemendy:1995c,
  author = {Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy},
  title = {Heterogeneous Logic},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {211--234},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {diagrams;foundations-of-logic;reasoning-with-diagrams;}  
  } 

@article{ barwise-shimojima:1995a,
  author = {Jon Barwise and Atsushi Shimojima},
  title = {Surrogate Reasoning},
  journal = {Cognitive Studies: Journal of {J}apanese
  		Cognitive Science Society},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {7--27},
  topic = {reasoning-with-diagrams;}  
  } 

@book{ barwise-moss:1996a,
  author = {Jon Barwise and Lawrence Moss},
  title = {Vicious Circles: On the Mathematics of Non-Wellfounded
    Phenomena},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {1575860090 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {nonwellfounded-sets;}  
 } 

@article{ barwise:1997a,
  author = {Jon Barwise},
  title = {Guest Editorial: The New Sciences},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {217},
  topic = {cognitive-science;}  
  } 

@book{ barwise-seligman:1997a,
  author = {Jon Barwise and Jerry Seligman},
  title = {Information Flow: The Logic of Distributed Systems},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Reviews: vanbenthen-israel_dj:1999a, derijke:1999b.},
  topic = {information-flow-theory;distributed-systems;
  	theories-of-information;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ barwise-etchemendy:1998a,
  author = {Jon Barwise and Jon Etchemendy},
  title = {A Computational Architecture for Heterogeneous
		Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {1--14},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;logic-courseware;}  
  } 

@article{ barwise-moss:1998a,
  author = {Jon Barwise and Lawrence Moss},
  title = {Modal Correspondence for Models},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {275--294},
  topic = {modal-logic;modal-correspondence-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ barwise-etchemendy:1999a,
  author = {Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy},
  title = {Language, Proof, and Logic},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  xref = {Review: grim:1999a.},
  xref = {Accompanied by software and manual: allein-etal:1999a.},
  topic = {logic-intro;logic-courseware;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ barzilay-etal:1998a,
  author = {Regina Barzilay and Daryl McCullough and Owen Rambow
	and Jonathan DeChristofaro and Tanya Korelsky and Benoit
	Lavoie},
  title = {A New Approach to Expert System Explanations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {78--87},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;explanation;expert-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ basili-etal:1996a,
  author = {Roberto Basili and Maria Teresa Pazienza and Paolo Velardi},
  title = {An Empirical Symbolic Approach to Natural Language Processing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {85},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {59--99},
  topic = {probabilistic-parsing;knowledge-representation;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ basili-etal:1996b,
  author = {Roberto Basili and A. Marziali and Maria T. Pazienza and
  	P. Velardi},
  title = {Modeling Conversational Speech for Speech Recognition},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {23--32},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ basili-etal:1997a,
  author = {Roberto Basili and Gianluca de Rossi and Maria Teresa
				Pazienza},
  title = {Inducing Terminology for Lexical Acquisition},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {125--133},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;dictionary-construction;
		word-acquisition;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ basili-etal:1998a,
  author = {Roberto Basili and Alessandro Cucchiarelli and Carlo
		Consoli and Maria Teresa Pazienza and Paola Velardi},
  title = {Automatic Adaptation of {W}ord{N}et to Sublanguages
		 and to Computational Tasks},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {80--86},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;sublanguages;}  
  } 

@incollection{ basin:1994a,
  author = {David A. Basin},
  title = {Logic Frameworks for Logic Programs},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {1--16},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ basin-etal:1996a,
  author = {David A. Basin and Sean Matthews and Luca Vigan\`a},
  title = {Implementing Modal and Relevance Logics in a Logical
  	Framework},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {386--397},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@book{ basin-etal:1996b,
  author = {David Basin and Se\'an Matthews and Luca Vigan},
  title = {Labelled Propositional Modal Logics: Theory and Practice},
  publisher = {Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Informatik},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Saarbr\"ucken},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
    We show how labelled deductive systems can be
    combined  with a logical framework to provide a natural deduction
    implementation of a large and well-known class of propositional
    modal logics (including K, D,  T, B, S4, S4.2, K D45, S5).  Our
    approach is modular and based on a separation between a base logic
    and a labelling algebra, which interact through a fixed interface.
    While the base logic stays fixed, different modal logics are
    generated by plugging in appropriate algebras.  This leads  to a
    hierarchical structuring of modal logics with inheritance of
    theorems.  Moreover, it allows modular correctness proofs, both with
    respect to soundness and completeness for semantics, and
    faithfulness and adequacy of the implementation.  We also
    investigate the tradeoffs in possible labelled presentations:  We
    show that a narrow interface between the base logic and the
    labelling algebra supports modularity and provides an attractive
    proof-theory (in comparison to, e.g., semantic embedding) but
    limits the degree to which we can make use of extensions to the
    labelling algebra.  } ,
  topic = {labelled-deductive-systems;}  
 } 

@article{ basin-etal:1998a,
  author = {David Basin and Se\'an Matthews and Luca Vigano},
  title = {Labelled Modal Logics: Quantifiers},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {237--263},
  topic = {modal-logic;labelled-deductive-systems;
  	quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@article{ basri-rivlin:1995a,
  author = {Ronen Basri and Ehud Rivlin},
  title = {Localization and Homing Using Combinations of Model
  	Views},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {78},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {327--354},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Navigation involves recognizing the environment, identifying the
     current position within the environment, and reaching particular
     positions. We present a method for localization (the act of
     recognizing the environment), positioning (the act of computing
     the exact coordinates of a robot in the environment), and homing
     (the act of returning to a previously visited position) from
     visual input.  The method is based on representing the scene as
     a set of 2D views and predicting the appearances of novel views
     by linear combinations of the model views. The method accurately
     approximates the appearance of scenes under weak-perspective
     projection. Analysis of this projection as well as experimental
     results demonstrate that in many cases this approximation is
     sufficient to accurately describe the scene.  When
     weak-perspective approximation is invalid, either a larger
     number of models can be acquired or an iterative solution to
     account for the perspective distortions can be employed.
       The method has several advantages over other approaches. It uses
     relatively rich representations; the representations are 2D
     rather than 3D; and localization can be done from only a single
     2D view without calibration.  The same principal method is
     applied for both the localization and positioning problems, and
     a simple ``qualitative'' algorithm for homing is derived from this
     method.},
  topic = {robot-navigation;spatial-reasoning;reasoning-about-perspective;}  
  } 

@book{ bass-coutaz:1991a,
  author = {Len Bass and Jo\"elle Coutaz},
  title = {A Discipline For Software Engineering},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201546108},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@book{ basso-selby:1976a,
  editor = {K.H. Basso and H.A. Selby},
  title = {Meaning in Anthropology},
  publisher = {University of New Mexico Press},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Alburqueque},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {meaning-and-culture;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bastin-cordier:1998a,
  author = {V\'eronique Bastin and Denis Cordier},
  title = {Methods and Tricks Used in an Attempt to Pass the {T}uring
  		Test},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {275--277},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {Turing-test;}  
  } 

@article{ basye-etal:1995a,
  author = {Kenneth Basye and Thomas Dean and Leslie Pack Kaelbling},
  title = {Learning Dynamics: System Identification for
  	Perceptually Challenged Agents},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {72},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {139--171},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     From the perspective of an agent, the input/output behavior of
     the environment in which it is embedded can be described as a
     dynamical system.  Inputs correspond to the actions executable
     by the agent in making transitions between states of the
     environment.  Outputs correspond to the perceptual information
     available to the agent in particular states of the environment.
     We view dynamical system identification as inference of
     deterministic finite-state automata from sequences of
     input/output pairs.  The agent can influence the sequence of
     input/output pairs it is presented by pursuing a strategy for
     exploring the environment. We identify two sorts of perceptual
     errors: errors in perceiving the output of a state and errors in
     perceiving the inputs actually carried out in making a
     transition from one state to another. We present efficient,
     high-probability learning algorithms for a number of system
     identification problems involving such errors. We also present
     the results of empirical investigations applying these
     algorithms to learning spatial representations.},
  topic = {machine-learning;spatial-representation;
  	agent-environment-interaction;}  
  } 

@article{ batali:1995a,
  author = {John Batali},
  title = {Review of {\it The Rediscovery of the Mind}, by John R.
  	Searle},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {77},
  number = {1},
  pages = {177--193},
  xref = {Review of searle:1992a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bateman-etal:1994a,
  author = {John A. Bateman and Bernardo Magnini and F. Rinaldi},
  title = {The Generalized {I}talian, {G}erman, {E}nglish Upper Model},
  booktitle = {{ECAI}94, Ninth European Conference on
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor, publisher, address, pages},
  topic = {computational-semantics;computational-ontology;} 
  } 

@article{ bateman-etal:2001a,
  author = {John A. Bateman and Thomas Kamps and J\"org Kleinz and KLaus
  	Reichenberger},
  title = {Towards Constructive Text, Diagram, and Layout Generation
  	for Information Presentation},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {409--449},
  topic = {diagram-generation;document-design;}  
  } 

@techreport{ bateman_j1-rondhuis:1994a,
  author = {John Bateman and Klaas Jon Rondhuis},
  title = {Coherence Relations: Analysis and Specification},
  institution = {Dandelion Consortium, CEC},
  year = {1994},
  note = {Deliverable R.1.1.2},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@incollection{ bateman_j1-etal:1998a,
  author = {John Bateman and Thomas Kamps and J\"org Kleinz and
		Klaus Reichenberger},
  title = {Communicative Goal-Driven {NL} Generation and Data-Driven
  	Graphics Generation: An Architectural Synthesis for
	Multimedia Page Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {8--17},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;graphics-generation;multimedia-generation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bateman_j2-etal:1997a,
  author = {Jeremy Bateman and Jean Forrest and Tim Willis},
  title = {The Use of Syntactic Annotation Tools: Partial and Full
		Parsing},
  booktitle = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  pages = {166--178},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;}  
  } 

@article{ batens-meheus:2000a,
  author = {Diderick Batens and Joke Meheus},
  title = {The Adaptive Logic of Compatibility},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {66},
  number = {3},
  pages = {327--348},
  topic = {belief-revision;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ batens:2001a,
  author = {Diderik Batens},
  title = {A Dynamic Characterization of the Pure Logic of Relevant
  	Implication},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {267--280},
  topic = {relevance-logic;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ bates_j1-etal:1991a,
  author = {J. Bates and A.B. Loyall and W.S. Reilly},
  title = {Broad Agents},
  journal = {Sigart Bulletin},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {38--40},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ bates_j1:1992a,
  author = {Joseph Bates},
  title = {Virtual Reality, Art and Entertainment},
  journal = {PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {133--138},
  topic = {virtual-reality;}  
  } 

@article{ bates_j2:1994a,
  author = {Joseph Bates},
  title = {The Role of Emotion in Believable Agents},
  journal = {Communications of the {ACM}},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {37},
  number = {7},
  pages = {122--125},
  topic = {emotion;interactive-fiction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bates_m-etal:1993b,
  author = {Madeline Bates and Robert Bobrow and Ralph Weischedel},
  title = {Critical Challenges for Natural Language Processing.},
  booktitle = {Challenges in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Madeleine Bates and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {3--34},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  contentnote = {Thesis is that NLP hasn't had big impact on tech because
  	some critical issues haven't been addressed.},
  topic = {nl-processing;}  
  } 

@book{ bates_m-weischedel:1993a,
  editor = {Madeleine Bates and Ralph M. Weischedel},
  title = {Challenges in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  contentnote = {TC: Bates etal, Critical Challenges for Natural
  			Language Processing.
		  Atkins, The Contribution of Lexicography.
		  Levin, The Contribution of Linguistics.
		  Boguraev, The Contribution of Computational Lexicography.
		  Moore, Events, Situations, and Adverbs.
		  Allen, Natural Language, Knowledge Representation, and
		  	Logical Form.
		  Passonneau, Getting and Keeping the Center of Attention
		  Steedman, Surface Structure, Intonation, and Discourse
		  	Meaning.
		  Pierrehumbert, Prosody, Intonation, and Speech Technology.
		  Bates-Weischedel, The Future of Computational Linguistics.
			},
  ISBN = {0521410150 (hardback)},
  topic = {nl-processing;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ batori-etal:1989a,
  editor = {Istv\'an Batori and Winfried Lenders and Wolfgang Putscke},
  title = {Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nlp-survey;}  
 } 

@incollection{ batsell-etal:2002a,
  author = {Randy Batsell and Lyle Brenner and Daniel Osherson and
  	Moshe Y. Vardi and Spyros Tsavachidis},
  title = {Eliminating Incoherence from Subjective Estimates of Chance},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {353--364},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;probabilistic-reasoning;probability-judgments;} 
  } 

@book{ battistella:1996a,
  author = {Edwin L. Battistella},
  title = {The Logic of Markedness},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {markedness;}  
 } 

@article{ baudet:1978a,
  author = {G\'erard M. Baudet},
  title = {On the Branching Factor of the Alpha-Beta Pruning
  	Algorithm},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {173--199},
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@book{ bauer:1988a,
  author = {Laurie Bauer},
  title = {Introducing Linguistic Morphology},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  ISBN = {0852245610},
  topic = {morphology;}  
 } 

@article{ bauer_l-boagey:1977a,
  author = {Laurie Bauer and Winifred Boagley},
  title = {On `The Grammar of Case'},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {119--152},
  topic = {case-grammar;thematic-roles;}  
  } 

@book{ bauer_l:1983a,
  author = {Laurie Bauer},
  title = {English Word-Formation},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521241677,  0521284929 (pbk.)},
  topic = {derivational-morphology;English-language;}  
 } 

@article{ bauer_ma:1979a,
  author = {Michael A. Bauer},
  title = {Programming by Examples},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--21},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In this paper, examples of how an algorithm behaves on
     particular input are considered as possible means of describing
     the algorithm. In particular, a simple language for examples (a
     Computational Description Language) is presented and an
     algorithm for the synthesis of a procedure from a set of such
     example computations is described. The algorithm makes use of
     knowledge about variables, inputs, instructions and procedures
     during the synthesis process to guide the formation of a
     procedure.  Several examples of procedures actually synthesized
     are discussed.
  } ,
  topic = {automatic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bauer_t-leake:2001a,
  author = {Travis Bauer and David B. Leake},
  title = {{W}ord{S}eive: A Method for Real-Time Context Extraction},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {30--44},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;document-classification;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bauer_v-wegener:1977a,
  author = {Volker Bauer and Michael Wegener},
  title = {A Community Information Feedback System with
  	Multiattribute Utilities},
  booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  pages = {323--357},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bauerle:1979a,
  author = {Rainer B\"auerle},
  title = {Questions and Answers},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {61--74},
  topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@book{ bauerle-etal:1979a,
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  title = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Berlin},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Barbara Partee, "Semantics---Mathematics or Psychology?"
  	2. Dov Gabbay and Christian Rohrer, "Do We Really Need Tenses
		Other Than Future and Past?"
  	3. Thomas T. Ballmer, "Context Change, Truth, and Competence"
  	4. Manfred Pinkal, "How to Refer with Vague Descriptions"
  	5. Irene Heim, "Concealed Questions"
  	6. Rainer B\"auerle, "Questions and Answers"
  	7. Joachim Ballweg and Helmuth Frosch, "Comparison and
		Gradual Change"
  	8. Max J. Cresswell, "Interval Semantics for Some Event
		Expressions"
  	9. Angelika Kratzer, "Conditional Necessity and Possibility"
       10. Ekkehard K\"onig, "A Semantic Analysis of German `Erst'\,"
       11. Dieter Wunderlich, "Meaning and Context-Dependence"
       12. David Lewis, "Scorekeeping in a Language Game"
       13. Asa Kasher, "On Pragmatic Demarcation of a Language"
       14. Friedrich Kambertel, "Constructive Pragmatics and Semantics"
       15. Hans J. Schneider, "Explanation and Understanding in the Theory
       		of Language"
       16. Klaus-J\"urgen Engelberg, "A New Approach to Formal Syntax"
       17. Arnim von Stechow, "Visiting {G}erman Relatives"
       18. Urs Egli, "The {S}toic Concept of Anaphora"
       19. Karlheinz H\"ulser, "Expression and Content in {S}toic
       		Linguistic Theory"
       20. Christoph Schwarze, "Reparer--Reparieren.  A Contrastive
       		Study"
       21. Christa Hauenschild and Edgar Huckert and Robert Maier,
       		"{SALAT}: Machine Translation Via Semantic Representation"
       22. Rudolf Cohen and Stephanie Kelter and Gerhild Woll,
       		"Conceptual Impairment in Aphasia"
       23. Claus Heeschen, "On the Representation of Classificatory
       		and Propositional Lexical Relations in the Human Brain"
       24. Hans Kamp, "Events, Instants, and Temporal Reference"
  } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ bauerle-etal:1983a,
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Christoph Schwarze and Arnim von
  	Stechow},
  title = {Meaning, Use, and Interpretation of Language},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3110089017},
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ baum-smith_wd:1997a,
  author = {Eric B. Baum and Warren D. Smith},
  title = {A {B}ayesian Approach to Relevance in Game Playing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {97},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {195--242},
  topic = {relevance;game-playing;}  
  } 

@book{ bauman-sherzer:1974a,
  editor = {R. Bauman and J. Sherzer},
  title = {Explorations in the Ethnography of Speaking},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1974},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {conversation-analysis;}  
 } 

@article{ baumgartner-etal:1997a,
  author = {Peter Baumgartner and Ulrich Furbach and Frieder
  	Stolzenburg},
  title = {Computing Answers with Model Elimination},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {90},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {135--176},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baumgartner-furbach:1998a,
  author = {Peter Baumgartner and Ulrich Furbach},
  title = {Variants of Clausal Tableaux},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ baumgartner-peterman:1998a,
  author = {Peter Baumgartner and U. Peterman},
  title = {Theory Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ baumgartner:2000a,
  author = {Peter Baumgartner and Michael {K\"uhn}},
  title = {Abducing Coreference by Model Construction},
  journal = {Journal of Language and Computation},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {175--190},
  topic = {model-construction;anaphora;} 
  } 

@article{ baumgartner-kuhn:2000a,
  author = {Peter Baumgartner and Michael {K\"uhn}},
  title = {Abducing Coreference by Model Construction},
  journal = {Journal of Language and Computation},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {175--190},
  xref = {Also available at
  	http://www.uni-koblenz.de/\user{}kuehn/Publications/paper-icos1.pdf},
  topic = {model-construction;abduction;anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ baumrin:1965a,
  author = {Bernard M. Baumrin},
  title = {Prima Facie Duties},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {20},
  pages = {736--739},
  xref = {Commentary on: shope:1965a.},
  topic = {prima-facie-obligation;}  
  } 

@article{ bavelas-etal:forthcominga,
  author = {Janet Beavin Bavelas and Nicole Chovil and Linda
  	Coates and Lori Roe},
  title = {Gestures Specialized for Dialogue},
  journal = {Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin},
  year = {to appear},
  topic = {gestures;}  
  } 

@article{ baxter:2001a,
  author = {David M. Baxter},
  title = {Loose Identity and Becoming Something Else},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {35},
  number = {4},
  pages = {592--601},
  topic = {individuation;identity;}  
  } 

@article{ bayardo-miranker:1994a,
  author = {Roberto J. {Bayardo Jr.} and Daniel P. Miranker},
  title = {An Optimal Backtrack Algorithm for Tree-Structured
  	Constraint Satisfaction Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {71},
  number = {1},
  pages = {159--181},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper presents and evaluates an optimal backtrack algorithm
     for solving tree-structured constraint satisfaction problems-a
     subset of constraint satisfaction problems which can be solved
     in linear time.  Previous algorithms which solve these problems
     in linear time perform expensive preprocessing steps before
     attempting solution. The work presented here resolves the open
     problem posed by Dechter (1990) on the development of an
     algorithm which avoids this preprocessing.  We demonstrate
     significant improvements in average-case performance over the
     previous state of the art, and show the benefits provided to
     backtrack enhancement schemes exploiting the easiness of
     tree-structured problems such as the cycle-cutset method
     (Dechter and Pearl, 1987).  } ,
  topic = {backtracking;constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bayer-etal:1998a,
  author = {Samuel Bayer and John Aberdeen and John Burger and Lynette
		Hirschman and David Palmer and Marc Vilain},
  title = {Theoretical and Computational Linguistics: Toward a Mutual
		Understanding},
  booktitle = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry},
  pages = {231--255},
  address = {London},
  topic = {nlp-and-linguistics;}  
  } 

@mastersthesis{ bayraktar:1996a,
  author = {Murat Bayraktar},
  title = {Computer-Aided Analysis of {E}nglish Punctuation on a
		  Parsed Corpus: The Special Case of Comma},
  school = {Department of Computer Engineering and Information
		  Science, Bilkent University, Turkey},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Forthcoming},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@article{ bays:2001a,
  author = {Timothy Bays},
  title = {On {P}utnam and His Models},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {98},
  number = {7},
  pages = {331--350},
  xref = {Discussion of: putnam:1983c.},
  topic = {philosophical-realism;lowenheim-skolem-theorem;}  
  } 

@article{ bays:2001b,
  author = {Timothy Bays},
  title = {On {T}arski on Models},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {66},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1701--1726},
  topic = {Tarski;history-of-logic;model-theory;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ bazzi-neiger:1992a,
  author = {R. Bazzi and G. Neiger},
  title = {The Complexity and Impossibility of Achieving
  	Fault-Tolerant Coordination},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh {ACM} Symposium on
  	Principles of Distributed Computing},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {203--214},
  organization = {ACM},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@incollection{ beach:1983a,
  author = {Wayne A. Beach},
  title = {Background Understandings and the Situated Accomplishment of
  	Conversational Telling-Expressions},
  booktitle = {Conversational Coherence:  Form, Structure and Strategy},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey},
  pages = {196--221},
  address = {London},
  topic = {coord-in-conversation;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ beal:1990a,
  author = {Don F. Beal},
  title = {A Generalised Quiescence Search Algorithm},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {43},
  number = {1},
  pages = {85--98},
  topic = {game-playing;search;}  
  } 

@incollection{ beale_s-etal:1998a,
  author = {Stephen Beale and Sergei Nirenburg and Evelyne Viegas
		and Leo Wanner},
  title = {De-Constraining Text Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {48--57},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;nl-generation-algorithms;}  
  } 

@book{ beale_wh:1987a,
  author = {Walter H. Beale},
  title = {A Pragmatic Theory of Rhetoric},
  publisher = {Southern Illinois University Press},
  year = {1967},
  address = {Carbondale, Illinois},
  ISBN = {0809031300-6},
  topic = {pragmatics;rhetoric;}  
 } 

@article{ bealer:1979a,
  author = {George Bealer},
  title = {Theories of Properties, Relations, and Propositions},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {76},
  pages = {634--648},
  topic = {intensionality;property-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ bealer:1982a,
  author = {George Bealer},
  title = {Quality and Concept},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {intensionality;property-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ bealer:1983a,
  author = {George Bealer},
  title = {Completeness in the Theory of Properties, Relations, and
  	Propositions},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {44},
  number = {2},
  pages = {415--426},
  topic = {property-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bealer:1984a,
  author = {George Bealer},
  title = {Mind and Anti-Mind: Why Thinking Has No Functional
  	Definition},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {283--328},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;functionalism;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bealer:1986a,
  author = {George Bealer},
  title = {The Logical Status of Mind},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {231--274},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {intentionality;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@article{ bealer:1989a,
  author = {George Bealer},
  title = {On the Identification of Properties and Propositional
  	Functions},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--14},
  topic = {property-theory;intensional-logic;propositional-functions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bealer:1993a,
  author = {George Bealer},
  title = {A Solution to {F}rege's Puzzle},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {17--60},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {propositions;identity;}  
  } 

@article{ bealer:1994a,
  author = {George Bealer},
  title = {Mental Properties},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {91},
  number = {4},
  pages = {185--208},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;property-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ bealer:1997b,
  author = {George Bealer},
  title = {Self-Consciousness},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {106},
  number = {1},
  pages = {69--117},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@article{ bealer:1998a,
  author = {George Bealer},
  title = {Propositions},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {425},
  pages = {1--32},
  topic = {propositions;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bear-hobbs:1988a,
  author = {John Bear and Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Localizing the Expression of Ambiguity},
  booktitle = {Proceedings Second Conference on Applied Natural
  	Language Processing},
  year = {1988},
  month = {February},
  missinginfo = {publisher, pages},
  topic = {ambiguity;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@book{ bear:1992a,
  author = {John Bear},
  title = {Gaps as Syntactic Features},
  publisher = {Indiana Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Department of Linguistics, University of Indiana,
 	Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {nl-syntax;GPSG;}  
 } 

@article{ beattie:1979a,
  author = {Geoffrey W. Beattie},
  title = {Planning Units in Spontaneous Speech: Some Evidence From
  	Hesitation in Speech and Speaker Gaze Direction in Conversation},
  journal = {Linguistics},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {61--78},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ beaver:1981a,
  author = {David Beaver},
  title = {The Kinematics of Presupposition},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Paul Dekker and Martin Stokhof},
  pages = {17--36},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nl-semantics;presupposition;pragmatics;
  	dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ beaver:1992a,
  author = {David Beaver},
  title = {The Kinematics of Presupposition},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--92--05},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;presupposition;pragmatics;dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ beaver:1993a,
  author = {David Beaver},
  title = {What Comes First in Dynamic Semantics},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--93--15},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;presupposition;pragmatics;dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ beaver:1994a,
  author = {David Beaver},
  title = {When Variables Don't Vary Enough},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{IV}},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann},
  pages = {35--60},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;presupposition;pragmatics;
		dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ beaver:1996a,
  author = {David Beaver},
  title = {Presupposition},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  pages = {939--1008},
  topic = {presupposition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ beaver:1999a,
  author = {David Beaver},
  title = {The Logic of Anaphora Resolution},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {61--66},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;}  
  } 

@article{ beaver-krahmer:2000a,
  author = {David Beaver and Emiel Krahmer},
  title = {A Partial Account of Presupposition Projection},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {147--182},
  topic = {presupposition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ becher-etal:1998a,
  author = {V. Becher and E. Ferm\'e and R. Rodriguez and S. Lazzer
  	C. Oller and G. Palua},
  title = {Some Observations on {C}arlos {A}lchourron's Theory of
  	Defeasible Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  pages = {219--230},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bechet_d-degroote:1997a,
  author = {Denis Bechet and Philippe de Groote},
  title = {Constructing Different Phonological Bracketings from a
           Proof Net},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {118--133},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;
		computational-phonology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bechet_f-etal:1997a,
  author = {Fr\'ed\'eric B\'echet and Thierry Spriet and Marc
		El-B\`eze},
  title = {Automatic Lexicon Enhancement by Means
		of Corpus Tagging},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {29--32},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;computational-lexicography;
  	corpus-tagging;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bechtel-shapiro:1976a,
  author = {Robert Bechtel and Stuart Shapiro},
  title = {A Logic for Semantic Networks},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University.},
  topic = {semantic-networks;kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ bechtel-graham:1997a,
  author = {William Bechtel and George Graham},
  title = {A Companion to Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {cognitive-science-survey;}  
 } 

@article{ bechtel-mundale:1999a,
  author = {William Bechtel and Jennifer Mundale},
  title = {Multiple Realizability Revisited:  Linking
		Cognitive and Neural States},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {66},
  number = {2},
  pages = {175--207},
  topic = {philosophy-of-cogscifoundations-of-psychology;
		neurocognition;}  
  } 

@article{ beck_jc-fox:2000a,
  author = {J. Christopher Beck and Mark S. Fox},
  title = {Dynamic Problem Structure Analysis as a Basis for
  	Constraint-Directed Scheduling Heuristics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {117},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31--81},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     While the exploitation of problem structure by heuristic search
     techniques has a long history in AI (Simon, 1973), many of the
     advances in constraint-directed scheduling technology in the
     1990s have resulted from the creation of powerful propagation
     techniques.  In this paper, we return to the hypothesis that
     understanding of problem structure plays a critical role in
     successful heuristic search even in the presence of powerful
     propagators. In particular, we examine three heuristic
     commitment techniques and show that the two techniques based on
     dynamic problem structure analysis achieve superior performance
     across all experiments.  More interestingly, we demonstrate that
     the heuristic commitment technique that exploits dynamic
     resource-level non-uniformities achieves superior overall
     performance when those non-uniformities are present in the
     problem instances.
  } ,
  topic = {scheduling;constraint-based-reasoning;heuristics;search;}  
  } 

@article{ beck_jc-fox:2000b,
  author = {J. Christopher Beck and Mark S. Fox},
  title = {Constraint-Directed Techniques for Scheduling Alternative
  	Activities},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {121},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {211--250},
  topic = {constraint-based-reasoning;scheduling;}  
  } 

@article{ beck_s:1996a,
  author = {Sigrid Beck},
  title = {Quantified Structures as Barriers for {LF} Movement},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--56},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;LF;}  
  } 

@article{ beck_s:1997a,
  author = {Sigrid Beck},
  title = {On the Semantics of Comparative Conditionals},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {229--271},
  topic = {nl-semantics;comparative-constructions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ beck_s:1999a,
  author = {Sigrid Beck},
  title = {Plural Predication and Partitional Discourses},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {67--72},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ beck_s-rullmann:1999a,
  author = {Sigrid Beck and Hotze Rullmann},
  title = {A Flexible Approach to Exhaustivity in Questions},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {249--298},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
  } 

@article{ beck_s:2000a,
  author = {Sigrid Beck},
  title = {The Semantics of `Different': Comparison Operator and Relational
  	Adjective},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2},
  pages = {101--139},
  topic = {identity;sameness/difference;comparative-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ beck_s-sutherland:2000a,
  author = {Sigrid Beck and Uli Sutherland},
  title = {Cumulation is Needed: A Reply to {W}inter (2000)},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {349--371},
  xref = {Discussion of winter:2000a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;distributive/collective-readings;}  
  } 

@article{ beck_s:2001a,
  author = {Sigrid Beck},
  title = {Reciprocals are Definites},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {69--138},
  topic = {reciprocal-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ becker:1972a,
  author = {L. Becker},
  title = {Foreknowledge and Predestination},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {81},
  number = {321},
  pages = {138--141},
  topic = {(in)determinism;foreknowledge;} 
  } 

@article{ becker_a-geiger:1996a,
  author = {Ann Becker and Dan Geiger},
  title = {Optimization of {P}earl's Method of Conditioning and
  	Greedy-Like Approximation Algorithms for the Vertex
	Feedback Set Problem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {83},
  number = {1},
  pages = {167--188},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;conditioning-methods;}  
  } 

@article{ becker_a-geiger:2001a,
  author = {Ann Becker and Dan Geiger},
  title = {A Sufficiently Fast Algorithm for Finding Close to
  	Optimal Clique Trees},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {125},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {3--17},
  topic = {AI-algorithms;optimization;}  
  } 

@book{ becker_gs:1971a,
  author = {Gary S. Becker},
  title = {The Economics of Discrimination},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {Chicago, University of Chicago Press [},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0226041158},
  topic = {discrimination;behavioral-economics;}  
 } 

@book{ becker_gs:1976a,
  author = {Gary S. Becker},
  title = {The Economic Approach to Human Behavior},
  publisher = {Chicago University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0226041115},
  topic = {behavioral-economics;}  
 } 

@book{ becker_gs:1996a,
  author = {Gary S. Becker},
  title = {Accounting For Tastes},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0674543564 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {market-research;preferences;consumer-behavior;}  
 } 

@article{ becker_l:2001a,
  author = {Lon Becker},
  title = {Review of {\it } , by {J}effrey {A}lan {B}arrett},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {3},
  pages = {482--484},
  xref = {Review of: barrett:1999a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;branching-time;}  
  } 

@article{ becker_s:1993a,
  author = {Sue Becker},
  title = {Review of {\it Introduction to Neural and Cognitive
  	Modeling}, by {D}aniel {S}. {L}evine},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {62},
  number = {1},
  pages = {113--116},
  xref = {Review of levine_ds:1991a.},
  topic = {cognitive-modeling;neurocognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ becker_t:1998a,
  author = {Tilman Becker},
  title = {Fully Lexicalized Head-Driven Syntactic Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {208--217},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;HPSG;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ becker_t-etal:1998a,
  author = {Tilman Becker and Wolfgang Finkler and Anne Kilger and
  	Peter Poller},
  title = {An Efficient Kernel for Multilingual Generation in
  	Speech-to-Speech Dialogue Translation } ,
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {110--116},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {speech-to-speech-machine-translation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ beckert:1998a,
  author = {Bernhard Beckert},
  title = {Rigid {E}-Unification},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;unification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ beckert-hanle:1998a,
  author = {Bernhard Beckert and R. H\"anle},
  title = {Analytic Tableaux},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ beckert-gore:2001a,
  author = {Bernhard Beckert and Rajeev Gor\'e},
  title = {Free-Variable Tableaux for Propositional Modal Logics},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1},
  pages = {59--96},
  topic = {proof-theory;semantic-tableaux;modal-logic;autoepistemic-logic;} 
  } 

@article{ beckman_a:2002a,
  author = {Arnold Beckman},
  title = {Review of `Incompleteness Theorems and $S^i_2$ Versus
  	$S^{i+1}_2$' and `G\"odel Sentences of Unbounded Arithmetic',
	by {G}aisi {T}akeuti},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {433--435},
  xref = {Review of: takeuti:1998a, takeuti:2000a.},
  topic = {bounded-arithmetic;P=NP-problem;} 
  } 

@article{ beckman_l-etal:1976a,
  author = {Lennart Beckman and Anders Haraldson, \"Osten Oskarsson and
  	Erik Sandewall},
  title = {A Partial Evaluator, and Its Use as a Programming Tool},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {319--357},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Programs which perform partial evaluation, beta-expansion, and
     certain optimizations on programs, are studied with respect to
     implementation and application. Two implementations are
     described, one ``interpretive'' partial evaluator, which
     operates directly on the program to be partially evaluated, and
     a ``compiling'' system, where the program to be partially
     evaluated is used to generate a specialized program, which in
     its turn is executed to do the partial evaluation. Three
     applications with different requirements on these programs are
     described. Proofs are given for the equivalence of the use of
     the interpretive system and the compiling system in two of the
     three cases. The general use of the partial evaluator as a tool
     for the programmer in conjunction with certain programming
     techniques is discussed.
 } ,
  topic = {partial-evaluation;optimization;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bedau:1986a,
  author = {Mark Bedau},
  title = {Cartesian Interaction},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {483--502},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bedau:1997a,
  author = {Mark A. Bedau},
  title = {Weak Emergence},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {375--399},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {emergence;}  
  } 

@article{ beebee-papineau:1997a,
  author = {Helen Beebee and David Papineau},
  title = {Probability as a Guide to Life},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {5},
  pages = {217--243},
  topic = {probability;foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ beeferman:1996a,
  author = {Scott Beeferman},
  title = {The Rhythm of lexical Stress in Prose},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {302--309},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {prosody;discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ beeferman-etal:1997a,
  author = {Doug Beeferman and Adam Berger and John Lafferty},
  title = {Text Segmentation Using Exponential Models},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {35--46},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;statstical-nlp;corpus-tagging;
		topic-extraction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ beeferman-etal:1997b,
  author = {Doug Beeferman and Adam Berger and John Lafferty},
  title = {A Model of Lexical Attraction and Repulsion},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {373--380},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {speech-recognition;statistical-nlp;}  
 } 

@incollection{ beeferman:1998a,
  author = {Doug Beeferman},
  title = {Lexical Discovery with an Enriched Semantic Network},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {135--141},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  url =
  {http://www.ai.sri.com/\user{}harabagi/coling-acl98/acl_work/beeferman.ps.gz},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;word-acquisition;}  
  } 

@article{ beer:1995a,
  author = {Randall D. Beer},
  title = {A Dynamical Systems Perspective on Agent-Environment
  	Interaction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {72},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {173--215},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Using the language of dynamical systems theory, a general
     theoretical framework for the synthesis and analysis of
     autonomous agents is sketched.  In this framework, an agent and
     its environment are modeled as two coupled dynamical systems
     whose mutual interaction is in general jointly responsible for
     the agent's behavior. In addition, the adaptive fit between an
     agent and its environment is characterized in terms of the
     satisfaction of a given constraint on the trajectories of the
     coupled agent-environment system. The utility of this framework
     is demonstrated by using it to first synthesize and then analyze
     a walking behavior for a legged agent.
  } ,
  topic = {agent-environment-interaction;legged-motion;robotics;
  	dynamic-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ beeri-etal:1984a,
  author = {C. Beeri and M. Dowd and Ronald Fagin and Richard
  	Statman},
  title = {On the Structure of {A}rmstrong Relations for
  	Functional Dependencies},
  journal = {Journal of the {ACM}},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {31},
  number = {1},
  pages = {30--46},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {functional-dependencies;}  
  } 

@incollection{ beesley:1998a,
  author = {Kenneth R. Beesley},
  title = {Constraining Separated Morphotactic Dependencies in Finite
  	State Grammars},
  booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State
  	Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Lauri Karttunen},
  pages = {118--127},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;finite-state-nlp;finite-state-morpology;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ beesley:1998b,
  author = {Kenneth R. Beesley},
  title = {Consonant Spreading in {A}rabic Stems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {117--123},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {Arabic-language;computational-phonology;}  
 } 

@article{ beesley:2001a,
  author = {Kenneth R. Beesley},
  title = {Review of {\it A Computational Theory of Writing Systems}, 
  	by {R}ichard {S}proat},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {464--467},
  xref = {Review of: sproat:2000a},
  topic = {writing-systems;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ beeson:1988a,
  author = {Michael J. Beeson},
  title = {Computerizing Mathematics: Logic and
		Computation},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {191--225},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {computer-assisted-science;computer-assisted-mathematics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ beeson:1998a,
  author = {Michael Beeson},
  title = {Automatic Generation of Epsilon-Delta Proofs of
  	Continuity},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {67--83},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {theorem-proving;limit-proofs;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ beetz-mcdermott_d:1992a,
  author = {Michael Beetz and Drew McDermott},
  title = {Declarative Goals in Reactive Plans},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence Systems: Proceedings of the First
  	International Conference},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {3--12},
  missinginfo = {publisher},
  topic = {planning;plan-monitoring;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ beghelli:1995a,
  author = {F. Beghelli},
  title = {The Phrase Structure of Quantifier Scope},
  school = {Linguistics Department, UCLA},
  year = {1995},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Los Angeles, California},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;}  
 } 

@incollection{ beghelli:1997a,
  author = {Filippo Beghelli},
  title = {The Syntax of Distributivity and Pair-List Readings},
  booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  pages = {349--408},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;distributivity-of-quantifiers;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ beghelli-etal:1997a,
  author = {Fillipo Beghelli and Dorit Ben-Shalom and Anna Szabolski},
  title = {Variation, Distributivity, and the Illusion of Branching},
  booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  pages = {29--69},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;distributivity-of-quantifiers;
  	branching-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ beghelli-stowell:1997a,
  author = {Fillipo Beghelli and Tim Stowell},
  title = {Distributivity and Negation: The Syntax of {\it Each} and
  	{\it Every}},
  booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  pages = {71--107},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;distributivity-of-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@book{ behforooz-hudson_fj:1996a,
  author = {Ali Behforooz and Frederick J. Hudson},
  title = {Software Engineering Fundamentals},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0195105397 (cloth)},
  topic = {software-engineering-text;}  
 } 

@article{ behre:1965a,
  author = {F. Behre},
  title = {J.L. Austin's `If'},
  journal = {English Studies},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {46},
  pages = {85--92},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {JL-Austin;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ beklemishev:1996a,
  author = {Lev D. Beklemishev},
  title = {Bimodal Logics for Extensions of Arithmetical Theories},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {61},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--124},
  topic = {provability-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ bekoff-jamieson:1997a,
  editor = {Marc Bekoff and Dale Jamieson},
  title = {Readings in Animal Cognition},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {animal-cognition;}  
 } 

@article{ belew:1993a,
  author = {Richard K. Belew},
  title = {Review of {\it Neuroscience and Connectionist Theory:
  	Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed, $\ldots$},
	edited by {M}ark {A}. {G}luck and {D}avid {E}. {R}umelhart},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {62},
  number = {1},
  pages = {153--161},
  topic = {connectionism;neurocognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ belkin:1994a,
  author = {Nicholas J. Belkin},
  title = {Design Principles for Electronic Textual Resources:
  	Investigating Uses of Scholarly Information},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {479--488},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {computer-assisted-scholarship;computers-in-the-humanities;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bell_de:1977a,
  author = {David E. Bell},
  title = {A Decision Analysis of Objectives for a Forest Pest
  	Problem},
  booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  pages = {389--421},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;}  
  } 

@book{ bell_de-etal:1977a,
  editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  title = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;foundations-of-utility;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bell_de-etal:1977b,
  author = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  title = {Introduction and Overview},
  booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  pages = {1--14},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bell_g:1996a,
  author = {Gordon Bell},
  title = {Great and {\it Big} Ideas in Computer Structures},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {189--212},
  topic = {computer-architectures;computer-technology;parallel-processing;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ bell_j2:1988a,
  author = {John Bell},
  title = {Predictive Conditionals, Nonmonotonicity, and Reasoning
  	about the Future},
  school = {University of Essex},
  year = {1988},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Colchester},
  topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ bell_j2:1990a,
  author = {John Bell},
  title = {The Logic of Nonmonotonicity},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {41},
  number = {3},
  pages = {365--374},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bell_j2:1991a,
  author = {John Bell},
  title = {Pragmatic Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {50--60},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;nonmonotonic-logic;conditional-logic;
  	model-preference;}  
  } 

@article{ bell_j2:1991b,
  author = {John Bell},
  title = {Extended Causal Theories},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {48},
  number = {2},
  pages = {211--224},
  contentnote = {Solves some technical problems in Shoham's dissertation.},
  topic = {Yale-shooting-problem;causality;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bell_j2:1995a,
  author = {John Bell},
  title = {Pragmatic Reasoning, A Model-Based Theory},
  booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why?  Logical Approaches to
       Natural Language},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {1--27},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {discourse;implicature;nonmonotonic-reasoning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bell_j2-huang:1997a1,
  author = {John Bell and Zhishing Huang},
  title = {Dynamic Goal Hierarchies},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {9--17},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  xref = {Republication: bell_j2-huang:1997a2.},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;preference-dynamics;foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bell_j2-huang:1997a2,
  author = {John Bell and Zhishing Huang},
  title = {Dynamic Obligation Hierarchies},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  pages = {231--246},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Previous publication: bell_j2-huang:1997a2.},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;preference-dynamics;foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bell_j2:1998a,
  author = {John Bell},
  title = {Causation, Conditionals and Common Sense},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  year = {1998},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  pages = {1--11},
  topic = {causality;temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms;
	nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bell_j2:1999a,
  author = {John Bell},
  title = {Pragmatic Reasoning: Inferring Contexts},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {42--53},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;discourse-representation-theory;
		nonmonotonic-logic;computer-vision;}  
  } 

@book{ bell_j2:1999b,
  editor = {John Bell},
  title = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Practical Reasoning and Rationality},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ bell_j2:1999c,
  author = {John Bell},
  title = {Primary and Secondary Events},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
	Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Michael Thielscher},
  pages = {65--72},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {action-formalisms;qualification-problem;ramification-problem;
		defeasible-causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bell_j2:2001a,
  author = {John Bell},
  title = {Pragmatic Reasoning: Pragmatic Semantics and Semantic
  	Pragmatics},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {45--58},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bell_jg:2000a,
  author = {John G. Bell},
  title = {the Representation of Discrete Multi-Resolution Spatial
  	Knowledge},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {38--49},
  topic = {spatial-representation;}  
  } 

@article{ bell_jl:1993a,
  author = {John L. Bell},
  title = {Hilbert's $\epsilon$-Operator and Classical Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--18},
  topic = {epsilon-operator;}  
  } 

@article{ bell_jl:1999a,
  author = {John L. Bell},
  title = {Frege's Theorem in a Constructive Setting},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {64},
  number = {2},
  pages = {486--488},
  topic = {set-theory;constructive-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ bell_jl:2000a,
  author = {John L. Bell},
  title = {Sets and Classes as Many},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {6},
  pages = {585--601},
  topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ bell_jm:1973a,
  author = {J.M. Bell},
  title = {What is Referential Opacity?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {155--180},
  topic = {referential-opacity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bell_js:1989a,
  author = {Jonn S. Bell},
  title = {Six Possible Worlds of Quantum Mechanics},
  booktitle = {Possible Worlds in Humanities, Arts and Sciences},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Sture All\'en},
  pages = {359--373},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;}  
  } 

@article{ bellott-etal:1999a,
  author = {P. Bellott and J-P. Cottin and B. Robinet and D. Sarni
  	and J. Leneutre and E. Zarpass},
  title = {Prolegomena to a Logic of Causality and Dynamism},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {62},
  number = {1},
  pages = {77--105},
  topic = {linear-logic;proof-theory;causality;}  
  } 

@techreport{ belnap:1963a,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}},
  title = {An Analysis of Questions: Preliminary Report},
  institution = {System Development Corporation},
  number = {TM-1287/000/00},
  year = {1963},
  address = {Santa Monica},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
  } 

@article{ belnap:1972a,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}},
  title = {{S-P} Interrogatives},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {331},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ belnap:1976a,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}},
  year = {1976},
  title = {How a Computer Should Think},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Aspects of Philosophy},
  editor = {Gilbert Ryle},
  address = {Stocksfield},
  publisher = {Oriel Press},
  pages = {30--56},
  topic = {multivalued-relevance-logic;4-valued-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ belnap-steele_tb:1976a,
  author = {{Nuel D. Belnap, Jr.} and {Thomas B. Steele, Jr.}},
  title = {The Logic of Questions and Answers},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1976},
  address = {New Haven},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
 } 

@incollection{ belnap:1977a,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}},
  title = {A Useful Four-Valued Logic},
  booktitle = {Modern Uses of Multiple-Valued Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {J. Michael Dunn and George Epstein},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {many-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ belnap-etal:1980a,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.} and Anil Gupta and J. Michael Dunn},
  title = {A Consequtive Calculus for Positive Relevant Implication
  	with Necessity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {343--362},
  topic = {proof-theory;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ belnap:1982a,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}},
  title = {Questions and Answers in {M}ontague Grammar},
  booktitle = {Processes, Beliefs, and Questions},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {Stanley Peters and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {165--198},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ belnap:1982b,
  author = {Nuel D. Belnap},
  title = {Approaches to the Semantics of Questions in Natural
  	Language {II}},
  booktitle = {320311: Philosophical Essays Dedicated to {L}ennart
  	{\AA}qvist on His Fiftieth Birthday},
  publisher = {Department of Philosophy, University of Uppsala},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {Tom Pauli},
  pages = {16--33},
  address = {Uppsala},
  topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ belnap:1982c,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}},
  title = {Gupta's Rule of Revision Theory of Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {103--116},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;truth;fixpoints;}  
  } 

@article{ belnap:1982d,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}},
  title = {Display Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {375--417},
  topic = {proof-theory;combining-logics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ belnap:1988a,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}},
  title = {Declaratives Are Not Enough},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of Pittsburgh},
  topic = {speech-acts;stit;}  
  } 

@article{ belnap-perloff:1988a,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.} and Michael Perloff},
  title = {Seeing to it That: a Canonical Form for Agentives},
  journal = {Theoria},
  volume = {54},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {175--199},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {action;stit;branching-time;}  
    } 

@incollection{ belnap-perloff:1990a,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.} and Michael Perloff},
  title = {Seeing to it that: A Canonical Form for Agentives},
  booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson},
  pages = {167--190},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {action;stit;}  
  } 

@article{ belnap:1991a,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}},
  title = {Backwards and Forwards in the Modal Logic of Agency},
  journal = {Philosophy and Phenomenological Research},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {51},
  pages = {777--807},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {stit;branching-time;}  
  } 

@article{ belnap:1991b,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap. Jr.}},
  title = {Before Refraining: Concepts for Agency},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {34},
  pages = {137--169},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {stit;}  
  } 

@article{ belnap:1992a,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}},
  title = {Branching Space-Time},
  journal = {Synt\`hese},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {92},
  pages = {385--434},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {branching-time;}  
  } 

@article{ belnap-perloff:1992a,
  author = {Nuel D. Belnap. Jr. and Michael Perloff},
  title = {The Way of Agent},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {51},
  pages = {463--484},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {stit;}  
  } 

@article{ belnap-perloff:1993a,
  author = {Nuel D. Belnap. Jr. and Michael Perloff},
  title = {In the Realm of Agents},
  journal = {Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {25--48},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {stit;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ belnap:1994a,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}},
  title = {An Austere Theory of Strategies},
  year = {1994},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Pittsburgh},
  topic = {stit;}  
  } 

@incollection{ belnap-green_ms:1994a,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.} and Mitchell S. Green},
  title = {Indeterminism and the Thin Red Line},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {365--388},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {branching-time;(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ belnap:1996a,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}},
  title = {Agents in Branching Time},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {239--271},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {action;stit;branching-time;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ belnap-green_m:1996b,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.} and Mitchell S. Green},
  title = {Wagering on the Future},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, } ,
  topic = {branching-time;(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@book{ belnap-etal:2001a,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.} and Michael Perloff and Ming Xu},
  title = {Facing the Future: Agents and Choices in Our Indeterminist
  	World},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-19-513878-3},
  topic = {action;stit;branching-time;causality;}  
 } 

@incollection{ belnap-bartha:forthcominga,
  author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.} and Paul Bartha},
  title = {Marcus and the Problem of Nested Deontic Modalities},
  booktitle = {Modality, Morality, and Belief},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {forthcoming},
  editor = {Walter Sinnot-Armstrong and Diana Raffman and Nicholas Asher},
  address = {Cambridge},
  missinginfo = {year, pages},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ belot:1998a,
  author = {Gordon Belot},
  title = {Review of {\it Time's Arrow and {A}rchimedes' Point: New
  	Directions for the Physics of Time}, by {H}uw {P}rice},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {3},
  pages = {477--480},
  xref = {Review of: price_h:1996a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-time;temporal-direction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ belot:2000a,
  author = {Gordon Belot},
  title = {Chaos and Fundamentalism},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S454--S465},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;chaos-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ belot:2001a,
  author = {Gordon Belot},
  title = {The Principle of Sufficient Reason},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {98},
  number = {2},
  pages = {55--74},
  topic = {Leibniz;principle-of-sufficient-reason;}  
  } 

@article{ beltrametti-cassinelli:1977a,
  author = {E.G. Beltrametti and G. Cassinelli},
  title = {On State Transitions Induced by Yes-No Experiments, in
  	the Context of Quantum Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {369--379},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ beltrametti:1981a,
  author = {E. G. Beltrametti and G. Cassinelli},
  title = {The Logic of Quantum Mechanics},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
   topic = {quantum-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ belzer:1983a,
  author = {Barry Loewer and Marvin Belzer},
  title = {Dyadic Deontic Detachment},
  journal = {Synt\`hese},
  volume = {54},
  pages = {295--318},
  year = {1983},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ belzer:1986a,
  author = {Marvin Belzer},
  title = {Reasoning with Defeasible Principles},
  journal = {Synt\`hese},
  volume = {66},
  pages = {135--158},
  year = {1986},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ belzer-loewer:1994a,
  author = {Marvin Belzer and Barry Loewer},
  title = {Hector Meets {3-D}: A Diaphilosophical Epic},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {389--414},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;conditional-obligation;}  
  } 

@article{ benacerraf:1967a,
  author = {Paul Benacerraf},
  title = {God, the Devil and G\"odel},
  journal = {The Monist},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1},
  pages = {9--32},
  contentnote = {Criticizes lucas_jr:1961a.},
  topic = {goedels-first-theorem;philosophy-of-computation;}  
 } 

@article{ benacerraf:1973a,
  author = {Paul Benacerraf},
  title = {Mathematical Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {70},
  pages = {661--679},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ benari-etal:1981a,
  author = {M. Ben-Ari and Z. Manna and Amir Pnueli},
  title = {The Temporal Logic of Branching Time},
  booktitle = {Eighth Annual {ACM} Symposium on Principles of Programming
  	Languages},
  publisher = {ACM},
  year = {1981},
  organization = {ACM},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor, publisher, address},
  title = {The Temporal Logic of Branching Time},
  journal = {Acta Informatica},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {207--226},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {temporal-logic;branching-time;}  
  } 

@article{ bencivenga:1975a,
  author = {Ermanno Bencivenga},
  title = {Set Theory and Free Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--15},
  topic = {reference-gaps;foundations-of-set-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ bencivenga:1977a,
  author = {Ermanno Bencivenga},
  title = {Are Arithmetical Truths Analytic?  New Results in Free
  	Set Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {319--330},
  topic = {(non)existence;foundations-of-arithmetic;}  
  } 

@article{ bencivenga:1978a,
  author = {Ermanno Bencivenga},
  title = {Free Semantics for Indefinite Descriptions},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {389--405},
  topic = {reference-gaps;}  
  } 

@article{ bencivenga:1979a,
  author = {Ermanno Bencivenga},
  title = {On Good and Bad Arguments},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {247--259},
  topic = {philosophy-of-logic;logical-consequence;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bencivenga:1986a,
  author = {Ermanno Bencivenga},
  title = {Free Logics},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}:
  	Alternatives in Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {373--426},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {truth-value-gaps;reference-gaps;}  
 } 

@article{ bendall:1971a,
  author = {Kent Bendall},
  title = {Laplacian Determinism and Omnitemporal Determinates},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {67},
  number = {21},
  pages = {751--761},
  topic = {determinism;formalizations-of-physics;}  
  } 

@article{ bendall:1978a,
  author = {Kent Bendall},
  title = {Natural Deduction, Separation, and the Meaning of Logical
  	Operators},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {245--276},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ bendall:1979a,
  author = {Kent Bendall},
  title = {Belief-Theoretic Formal Semantics for First-Order Logic
  	and Probability},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {375--397},
  contentnote = {The idea is to develop probability semantics
  	from constraints on coherent belief},
  topic = {epistemic-semantics;probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ bendall:1982a,
  author = {Kent Bendall},
  title = {A `Definitive' Probabilistic Semantics for First Order Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {255--278},
  topic = {probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ bendavid-zohary:2000a,
  author = {Rachel Ben-David and Rachel Ben-Eliyahu Zohary},
  title = {A Modal Logic for Subjective Default Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {116},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {217--236},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bendefarkas:1999a,
  author = {Agnes Bende-Farkas},
  title = {Incorporation as Unification},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {79--84},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {incorporation;unification;"have"-constructions;
  	nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ bendix:1966a,
  author = {Edward H. Bendix},
  title = {Componential Analysis of General Vocabulary},
  institution = {Indiana University Research Center in Anthropology,
  	Folklore, and Linguistics},
  number = {Publication 41},
  year = {1966},
  address = {Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {componential-semantics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ bendix:1971a,
  author = {Edward H. Bendix},
  title = {The Data of Semantic Description},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {393--409},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {linguistics-methodology;foundations-of-semantics;
  	componential-semantics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ beneceretti-etal:2001a,
  author = {Massimo Beneceretti and Paolo Bouquet and Chiara Ghidini},
  title = {On the Dimensions of Context Dependence: Partiality,
		Approximation, and Perspective},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {59--72},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ beneliyahu-palopoli:1994a,
  author = {Rachel Ben-Eliyahu and Luigi Palopoli},
  title = {Reasoning with Minimal Models: Efficient Algorithms and
  	Applications},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {39--50},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;minimal-models;circumscription;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ beneliyahu-dechter_r:1996a,
  author = {Rachel Beneliyahu and Rina Dechter},
  title = {Default Reasoning Using Classical Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {84},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {113--150},
  contentnote = {Shows how to do efficient reasoning using classical
  	equivalents for a class of default theories.},
  topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ beneliyahuzohary-palopoli:1997a,
  author = {Rachel Ben-Eliyahu-Zohary and Luigi Palopoli},
  title = {Reasoning with Minimal Models: Efficient Algorithms and
		Applications},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {96},
  number = {2},
  pages = {421--449},
  topic = {minimal-models;stable-models;AI-algorithms;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ beneliyahuzohary:2002a,
  author = {Rachel Ben-Eliyahu Zohary},
  title = {Yet Some More Complexity Results for Default Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {139},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--20},
  topic = {default-logic;complexity-in-AI;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ benerecetti-etal:1997a,
  author = {Massimo Benerecetti and Paolo Bouquet and Chiara Ghidini},
  title = {A Multi Context Approach to Belief Report},
  booktitle = {AAAI Fall 1997 Symposium on Context in {KR} and {NL}},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and L.~Ivanska},
  year = {1997},
  organization = {AAAI},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ benerecetti-etal:1997b,
  author = {Massimo Benerecetti and Chiari Ghidini and Paolo Bouquet},
  title = {Formalizing Opacity and Transparency in Belief Contexts},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {30--37},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;epistemic-logic;referential-opacity;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ benerecetti-etal:1998a,
  author = {Massimo Benerecetti and Chiari Ghidini and Paolo Bouquet},
  title = {Formalizing Belief Reports---The Approach and a Case Study},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on
  	Artificial Intelligence, Methodology, Systems, and Applications},
  year = {1998},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ benerecetti-etal:1999a,
  author = {Massimo Benerecetti and Paolo Bouquet and Chiara Ghidini},
  title = {Contextual Reasoning Distilled},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Trento},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ benferhat-etal:1992a,
  author = {Salem Benferhat and Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Representing Default Rules in Possibilistic Logic},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {673--684},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;possibilistic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ benferhat-etal:1997a,
  author = {Salem Benferhat and Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Conditional Objects, and Possibility
  	Theory},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {92},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {259--276},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;conditionals;conditional-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ benferhat-etal:1997b,
  author = {Salem Benferhat and Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Possibilistic and Standard Probabilistic Semantics of
		Conditional Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 1},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {70--75},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {conditionals;knowledge;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ benferhat:1998a,
  author = {Salem Benferhat},
  title = {Infinitesimal Theories of Uncertainty for Plausible
		Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 1:  Quantified Representation
		of Uncertainty and Imprecision},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {303--356},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {infinitesimals;nonstandard-analysis;
  	reasoning-about-uncertainty;foundations-of-probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ benferhat-etal:1998a,
  author = {Salem Benferhat and Didier Dubois and J. Lang and
  	Henri Prade and Philippe Smets and A. Saffiotti},
  title = {A General Approach for Inconsistency Handling and Merging
  	Information in Prioritized Knowledge Bases},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {466--477},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-prioritization;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ benferhat-etal:1998b,
  author = {Salem Benferhat and Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Possibilistic and Standard Probabilistic Semantics
  		of Conditional Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan},
  pages = {70--75},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {probabilistic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ benferhat-etal:2000a,
  author = {Salem Benferhat and Alessandro Saffiotti and Philippe Smets},
  title = {Belief Functions and Default Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {122},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--69},
  topic = {default-reasoning;probability-semantics;infinitesimals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ benferhat-etal:2000b,
  author = {Salem Benferhat and Didier Dubois and H\'elene Fargier and
    		Henri Prade and R\'egis Sabbadin},
  title = {Decision, Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Possibilistic Logic},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {333--358},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;qualitative-decision-theory;possibilistic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ benferhat-etal:2002a,
  author = {Salem Benferhat and Didier Dubois and Henri Prade and
  	Mary-Anne Williams},
  title = {A Practical Approach to Revising Prioritized Knowledge Bases},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {105--130},
  topic = {belief-revision;kr;knowledge-base-revision;} 
  } 

@article{ benferhat-garcia:2002a,
  author = {Salem Benferhat and Laurent Garcia},
  title = {Handling with Locally Stratified Inconsistent Knowledge
  	Bases},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {77--104},
  topic = {belief-revision;paraconsistency;knowledge-base-revision;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ benhamou-heocque:1998a,
  author = {Belaid Benhamou and Laurent Heocque},
  title = {Finite Model Search for Equational Theories (FMSET)},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {84--93},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {theorem-proving;finite-models;model-construction;}  
  } 

@article{ benjamin_ac:1939a,
   author = {A.C. Benjamin},
   title = {Science and Vagueness},
   journal = {Philosophy of Science},
   year = {1939},
   volume = {6},
   pages = {422--431},
   missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
   topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ benjamin_dp:1995a,
  author = {D. Paul Benjamin},
  title = {Analyzing Languages of Actions for the Purpose of
  	Synthesis},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Oklahoma State University.},
  missinginfo = {Year is Guess.  Published in some AI conference?
  	Which one?  This author seems that semigroup theory is
	the key to understanding all sorts of things about
	action.},
  topic = {action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ benl-etal:1998a,
  author = {H. Benl et al.},
  title = {Proof Theory at Work: Program Development
			in the {M}inlog System},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, other authors, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ bennett_adc-etal:2000a,
  author = {A.D.C. Bennett and J.B. Paris and A. Vencovsk\'a},
  title = {A New Criterion for Comparing Fuzzy Logics for
  	Uncertain Reasoning},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31--63},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;fuzzy-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bennett_b:1994a,
  author = {Brandon Bennett},
  title = {Spatial Reasoning with Propositional Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  pages = {51--62},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bennett_b:1998a,
  author = {Brandon Bennett},
  title = {Modal Semantics for Knowledge Bases Dealing with
		Vague Concepts},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {234--244},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;modal-logic;vagueness;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bennett_b:2002a,
  author = {Brandon Bennett},
  title = {Physical Objects, Identity and Vagueness},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {395--406},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;computational-ontology;vagueness;} 
  } 

@article{ bennett_bh:1999a,
  author = {Bonnie Holte Bennett},
  title = {Review of {\it Robot: Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind},
  	by {H}ans {M}oravec},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {92--93},
  topic = {robotics;AI-survey;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bennett_ch:1988a,
  author = {Charles H. Bennett},
  title = {Logical Depth and Physical Complexity},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {227--257},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {complexity-theory;physical-realizations-of-computation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bennett_j:1969a,
  author = {Jonathan Bennett},
  title = {\,`Real'\, } ,
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {267--283},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;phenomenalism;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@article{ bennett_j:1973a,
  author = {Jonathan Bennett},
  title = {The Meaning-Nominalist Strategy},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {141--168},
  topic = {nominalism;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ bennett_j:1974a,
  author = {Jonathan Bennett},
  title = {Counterfactuals and Possible Worlds},
  journal = {Canadian Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {381--402},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ bennett_j:1976a,
  author = {Jonathan Bennett},
  title = {Linguistic Behaviour},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Reviews: peacocke:1977a,thomason_rh:1972b.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;semantics;speaker-meaning;Grice;
  	convention;}  
 } 

@article{ bennett_j:1982a,
  author = {Jonathan Bennett},
  title = {Psychology and Semantics: {S}chiffer's `Intention-Based
  	Semantics'\, } ,
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {258--262},
  xref = {Comments on schiffer:1982a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ bennett_j:1982b,
  author = {Jonathan Bennett},
  title = {\,`Even If'\, } ,
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {403--418},
  number = {3},
  topic = {`even';sentence-focus;pragmatics;semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ bennett_j:1984a,
  author = {Jonathan Bennett},
  title = {Counterfactuals and Temporal Direction},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {43},
  number = {1},
  pages = {7--89},
  title = {Philosophy and Mr. {S}toppard},
  journal = {Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {50},
  missinginfo = {number},
  pages = {5--18},
  topic = {Stoppard;}  
  } 

@book{ bennett_j:1988a,
  author = {Jonathan Bennett},
  title = {Events and Their Names},
  publisher = {Hackett Publishing Company},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Indianapolis},
  ISBN = {0-87220-045-0 (paperback)},
  topic = {events;philosophical-ontology;facts;causation;}  
 } 

@article{ bennett_j:1994a,
  author = {Jonathan Bennett},
  title = {The `Namely' Analysis of the `by'-Locution},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--51},
  topic = {agency;manner-adverbials;action;}  
  } 

@article{ bennett_j:1995a,
  author = {Jonathan Bennett},
  title = {Classifying Conditionals: the Traditional Way is Right},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {104},
  number = {413},
  pages = {331--354},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bennett_mr:1973a,
  author = {Michael R. Bennett},
  title = {Two Puzzles Concerning Tense and Aspect in {E}nglish},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, UCLA, 1973.},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ bennett_mr:1974a1,
  author = {Michael R. Bennett},
  title = {Some Extensions of a {M}ontague Fragment of {E}nglish},
  school = {University of California at Los Angeles},
  year = {1974},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Los Angeles},
  xref = {Republication, with corrections: bennett_mr:1974a2.},
  topic = {demonstratives;indexicals;Montague-grammar;}  
 } 

@book{ bennett_mr:1974a2,
  author = {Michael R. Bennett},
  title = {Some Extensions of a {M}ontague Fragment of {E}nglish
	(Corrected Version)},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1975},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  xref = {Republication, with corrections, of: bennett_mr:1974a1.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;plural;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ bennett_mr:1976a,
  author = {Michael R. Bennett},
  title = {Demonstratives in {M}ontague Grammar},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University
  	of Pittsburgh.},
  topic = {demonstratives;indexicals;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bennett_mr:1976b,
  author = {Michael R. Bennett},
  title = {A Variation on {N}uel's Theory},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University
  	of Pittsburgh.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bennett_mr:1976c,
  author = {Michael R. Bennett},
  title = {The Plural {\it Which}},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University
  	of Pittsburgh.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bennett_mr:1976d,
  author = {Michael R. Bennett},
  title = {A Variation and Extension of a {M}ontague
     		Fragment of {E}nglish},
  booktitle = {Montague Grammar},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Barbara H. Partee},
  pages = {119--163},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bennett_mr:1977a,
  author = {Michael R. Bennett},
  title = {Mass Nouns and Mass Terms in {M}ontague Grammar},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University
  	of Pittsburgh.},
  topic = {mass-term-semantics;nl-semantics;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bennett_mr:1977b,
  author = {Michael R. Bennett},
  title = {Mass Nouns and Their Quantifiers in {M}ontague Grammar},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University
  	of Pittsburgh.},
  topic = {mass-term-semantics;nl-semantics;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ bennett_mr:1977c,
  author = {Michael R. Bennett},
  title = {A Guide to the Logic of Tense and Aspect in {E}nglish},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse},
  volume = {20},
  number = {80},
  year = {1977},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bennett_mr:1977d,
  author = {Michael R. Bennett},
  title = {The Plural in {M}ontague Grammar},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University
	of Pittsburgh},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ bennett_mr:1977e,
  author = {Michael R. Bennett},
  title = {A Response to {K}arttunen on Questions},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {279--300},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bennett_mr:1978a,
  author = {Michael R. Bennett},
  title = {Of Tense and Aspect: One Analysis},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University
  	of Pittsburgh.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ bennett_mr:1978b,
  author = {Michael R. Bennett},
  title = {Demonstratives and Indexicals in {M}ontague Grammar},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {39},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--80},
  topic = {demonstratives;indexicals;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bennett_mr:1978c,
  author = {Michael R. Bennett},
  title = {Summary of Future Work},
  year = {1978},
  month = {December},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University
  	of Pittsburgh},
  topic = {nl-semantics;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@book{ bennett_mr-partee:1978a,
  author = {Michael R. Bennett and Barbara H. Partee},
  title = {Toward the Logic of Tense and Aspect in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;}  
 } 

@book{ bennett_mr:1979a,
  author = {Michael R. Bennett},
  title = {Questions in {M}ontague Grammar},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1979},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Indiana University, Bloomington,
  	Indiana 46405},
  topic = {interrogatives;montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ bennett_mr:1980a,
  author = {Michael R. Bennett},
  title = {Review of {\it Formal Semantics of Natural Language,} 
  	edited by {E}dward {L}. {K}eenan},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {103--132},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ bennett_p:1995a,
  author = {Paul Bennett},
  title = {A Course in Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar},
  publisher = {UCL Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {London},
  topic = {GPSG;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bennett_sw-etal:1997a,
  author = {Scott W. Bennett and Chinatsu Aone and Craig Lovell},
  title = {Learning to Tag Multilingual Texts through Observation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {109--116},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;text-skimming;machine-learning;
		multilingual-corpora;}  
  } 

@article{ bennett_ws-etal:1989a,
  author = {Wilfield S. Bennet and Tanya Herlick and Katerine Hoyt and Joseph
  	Liro and Ana Santisteban},
  title = {Toward a Computational Model of Aspect and Verb Semantics},
  journal = {Machine Translation},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {247--280},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;tense-aspect;machine-translation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bensaou-guessarian:1994a,
  author = {N. Bensaou and Irhne Guessarian},
  title = {An Extended Transformation
     		System for {CLP} Programs},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {17--35},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ benshalom:1993a,
  author =  {Dirit Ben-Shalom},
  title = {Object Wide Scope and Semantic Trees},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{III}},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner},
  pages = {19--37},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;}  
  } 

@book{ bentham:1789a,
  author = {Jeremy Bentham},
  title = {Introduction to the Principles of
             Morals and Legislation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1789},
  topic = {ethics;political-philosophy;utilitarianism;}  
    } 

@book{ bentham:1823a,
 author = {Jeremy Bentham},
 title = {Principles of Morals and Legislation},
 publisher = {Oxford University Press},
 year = {1823},
 address = {Oxford},
 note = {Originally published in 1789.},
 topic = {utilitarianism;}  
 } 

@book{ benzeev:2000a,
  author = {Aaron Ben-Ze'ev},
  title = {The Subtlety of Emotions},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-02463-2},
  topic = {emotion;}  
 } 

@article{ berckmans:1993a,
  author = {Paul Berckmans},
  title = {The Quantifier Theory of `Even'\, } ,
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {6},
  pages = {589--611},
  topic = {`even';}  
  } 

@article{ berg:1988a,
  author = {Jonathan Berg},
  title = {The Pragmatics of Substitutivity},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {355--370},
  topic = {referential-opacity;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ berg:1991a,
  author = {Jonathan Berg},
  title = {The Relevant Relevance},
  journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {411--425},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {relevance;implicature;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bergamaschi-etal:1992a,
  author = {Sonia Bergamaschi and Stefano Lodi and Claudio Sartori},
  title = {Representational Extensions of {DL}s},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in
  	Description Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {11--18},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;extensions-of-kl1;relational-reasoning;
  	taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ berger_a1-etal:1996a,
  author = {Adam L. Berger and Stephen A. Della Pietra and Vincent J.
  	Della Pietra},
  title = {A Maximum Entropy Approach to Natural Language Processing},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39--71},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@article{ berger_a2:2002a,
  author = {Alan Berger},
  title = {A Formal Semantics for Plural Quantification,
  	Intersentential Binding and Anaphoric Pronouns as
	Rigid Designators},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {36},
  number = {1},
  pages = {50--74},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;nl-quantifiers;} 
  } 

@article{ berger_j:1996a,
  author = {Jonathan Berger},
  title = {Review of {\it Computers and Musical Style}, by {D}avid {C}ope},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {79},
  number = {2},
  pages = {343--348},
  xref = {Review of: cope:1991a.},
  topic = {AI-and-music;}  
  } 

@book{ berger_jo:1985a,
 author = {James O. Berger},
 title = {Statistical Decision Theory and Bayesian Analysis},
 publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
 year = {1985},
 edition = {second},
 address = {New York},
 topic = {decision-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ berger_pl-luckmann:1966a,
  author = {Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann},
  title = {The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the
  	Sociology of Knowledge},
  publisher = {Doubleday},
  year = {1966},
  address = {Garden City, New York},
  ISBN = {0226069311},
  topic = {sociology-of-knowledge;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ berglas:1995a,
  author = {Anthony Berglas},
  title = {Beyond Shortest Path Defaults},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	University of Brisbane.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bergler:1995a,
  author = {Sabine Bergler},
  title = {From Lexical Semantics to Text Analysis},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  pages = {98--124},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@article{ bergman_g:1960a,
  author = {Gustav Bergman},
  title = {Ineffability, Ontology, and Methods},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1},
  pages = {18--40},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@article{ bergman_m1:1977a,
  author = {Merrie Bergman},
  title = {Logic and Sortal Incorrectness},
  journal = {Review of Metaphysics},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {31},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--53},
  topic = {sortal-incorrectness;}  
  } 

@article{ bergman_m1:1979a,
  author = {Merrie Bergman},
  title = {Metaphor and Formal Semantic Theory},
  journal = {Metaphor and Formal Semantic Theory},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {213--230},
  topic = {metaphor;sortal-incorrectness;}  
  } 

@article{ bergman_m1:1981a,
  author = {Merrie Bergman},
  title = {Presupposition and Two-Dimensional Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--53},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ bergman_m1:1982a,
  author = {Merrie Bergman},
  title = {Cross-Categorial Semantics for Conjoined Noun Phrases},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {399--401},
  topic = {coordination;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ bergman_m2:1999a,
  author = {Michael Bergman},
  title = {(Serious) Actualism and (Serious) Presentism},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  number = {3},
  pages = {118--132},
  topic = {actualism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bergmann-wilke:1998a,
  author = {Ralph Bergmann and Wolfgang Wilke},
  title = {Towards a New Formal Model of Transformational
  	Adaptation in Case-Based Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henri Prade},
  pages = {53--57},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ bergstra-etal:1989a,
  editor = {J.A. Bergstra and J. Heering and P. Klint},
  title = {Algebraic Specification},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1989},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0201416352},
  topic = {abstract-data-types;}  
 } 

@book{ bergstrom:1966a,
  author = {Lars Bergstr\"om},
  title = {Alternatives and Consequences of Actions},
  publisher = {Almqvist and Wiksell},
  year = {1966},
  address = {Stockholm},
  topic = {action;}  
 } 

@article{ bergstrom:1971a,
  author = {Lars Bergstr{\"o}m},
  title = {Utilitarianism and Alternative Actions},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {237--252},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
    } 

@article{ bergstrom:1977a,
  author = {Lars Bergstr{\"o}m},
  title = {Utilitarianism and Future Mistakes},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {43},
  pages = {84--102},
  topic = {utilitarianism;practical-reasoning;}  
    } 

@article{ berleant-kuipers_bj:1997a,
  author = {Daniel Berleant and Benjamin J. Kuipers},
  title = {Qualitative and Quantitative Simulation:  Bridging the Gap},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {95},
  number = {2},
  pages = {215--255},
  topic = {qualitative-reasoning;qualitative-modeling;
  	combined-qualitative-and-quantitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ berlin_b-kay:1969a,
  author = {Brent Berlin and Paul Kay},
  title = {Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution},
  publisher = {University of California Press},
  year = {1969},
  address = {Los Angeles},
  xref = {Review: hickerson:1971a.},
  topic = {color-terms;cultural-anthropology;}  
 } 

@article{ berlin_d:1984a,
  author = {Daniel Berlin},
  title = {Review of {\ it Planning and Understanding: A
  	Computational Approach to Human Reasoning}, by {R}obert
	{W}ilensky},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2},
  pages = {242--244},
  xref = {Review of wilensky:1983a.},
  topic = {planning;nl-interpretation;plan-recognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ berlin_i:1973a,
  author = {Isaiah Berlin},
  title = {Austin and the Early Beginnings of {O}xford Philosophy},
  booktitle = {Essays on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Isiah Berlin et al.},
  pages = {1--16},
  address = {Oxford},
  missinginfo = {Other editors},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@book{ berlin_i-etal:1973a,
  author = {Isiah Berlin and L.W. Forguson and David F. Pears and
  	George Pitcher and John R. Searle and Peter F. Strawson
	and G.J. Warnock},
  title = {Essays on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1973},
  address = {Oxford},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
 } 

@article{ berliner:1978a,
  author = {Hans J. Berliner},
  title = {A Chronology of Computer Chess and its Literature},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {201--214},
  topic = {game-playing;}  
  } 

@article{ berliner:1979a1,
  author = {Hans Berliner},
  title = {The B* Tree Search Algorithm:  A Best-First
	  Procedure},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {23--40},
  xref = {Republication: berliner:1979a2.},
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@incollection{ berliner:1979a2,
  author = {Hans Berliner},
  title = {The B* Tree Search Algorithm:  A Best-First
	  Procedure},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {79--87},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: berliner:1979a1.},
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@article{ berliner:1980a,
  author = {Hans J.  Berliner},
  title = {Backgammon Computer Program Beats World Champion},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {205--220},
  topic = {game-playing;}  
  } 

@article{ berliner-campbell:1984a,
  author = {Hans Berliner and Murray Campbell},
  title = {Using Chunking to Solve Chess Pawn Endgames},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--120},
  topic = {game-playing;computer-chess;}  
  } 

@article{ berliner-ebeling:1989a,
  author = {Hans Berliner and Carl Ebeling},
  title = {Pattern Knowledge and Search: The {SUPREM} Architecture},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  pages = {161--198},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We present a new problem solving architecture based upon
     extremely fast search and pattern recognition. This
     architecture, which we have named SUPREM, has been implemented
     in the chess machine/program Hitech, and has proven to be very
     successful.  We describe the implementation in Hitech and the
     reasons for its success, and compare the SUPREM architecture to
     other well-known problem solving architectures.
      Certain interesting phenomena have become exposed as the result
     of our work with Hitech. The most important of these is that:
     ``The further a process can look ahead, the less detailed
     knowledge it needs''. We have also found that patterns can be
     formulated for quite complex problems in relatively small
     pattern recognizers, by eschewing generality and concentrating
     on likely patterns and their redundancies.},
  topic = {search;pattern-recognition;computer-chess;problem-solving;
  	problem-solving-architectures;}  
  } 

@article{ berliner-beal:1990a,
  author = {Hans J. Berliner and Don F. Beal},
  title = {Introduction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {43},
  number = {1},
  contentnote = {Intro to a special issue on game playing.},
  pages = {1--5},
  topic = {game-playing;}  
  } 

@article{ berliner-etal:1990a,
  author = {Hans J. Berliner and Gordon Goetsch and Murray S. Campbell and
  	Carl Ebeling},
  title = {Measuring The Performance Potential Of Chess Programs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {43},
  number = {1},
  pages = {7--20},
  topic = {game-playing;computer-chess;}  
  } 

@article{ berliner-mcconnell:1996a,
  author = {Hans J. Berliner and Chris McConnell},
  title = {B Probability Based Search[*]},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {86},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--156},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We describe a search algorithm for two-player games that relies
     on selectivity rather than brute-force to achieve success. The
     key ideas behind the algorithm are:
        (1) stopping when one alternative is clearly better than all
        the others, and
        (2) focusing the search on the place where the most progress
        can likely be made toward stopping.
      Critical to this process is identifying uncertainty about the
     ultimate value of any move. The lower bound on uncertainty is
     the best estimate of the real value of a move. The upper bound
     is its optimistic value, based on some measure of unexplored
     potential. This provides an
     I-have-optimism-that-needs-to-be-investigated attitude that is
     an excellent guiding force. Uncertainty is represented by
     probability distributions. The search develops those parts of
     the tree where moving existing bounds would be most likely to
     succeed and would make the most progress toward terminating the
     search.  Termination is achieved when the established real value
     of the best move is so good that the likelihood of this being
     achieved by any other alternative is minimal.
      The B* probability based search algorithm has been implemented
     on the chess machine Hitech. En route we have developed
     effective techniques for:
      -- producing viable optimistic estimates to guide the search,
      -- producing cheap probability distribution estimates to measure
         goodness,
      -- dealing with independence of alternative moves, and
      -- dealing with the graph history interaction problem.
      The report describes the implementation, and the results of
     tests including games played against brute-force programs. Test
     data indicate that B* Hitech is better than any searcher that
     expands its whole tree based on selectivity. Further, analysis
     of the data indicates that should additional power become
     available, the B* technique will scale up considerably better
     than brute-force techniques. } ,
  topic = {probabilistic-algorithms;search;computer-chess;}  
  } 

@incollection{ berman_dh-hafner:1986a,
  author =  {Donald H. Berman and Carole D. Hafner},
  year = {1986},
  title = {Obstacles to the Development of Logic-Based Models of
     Legal Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Computer Power and Legal Language},
  publisher = {Quorum Books},
  editor = {Charles Walter},
  pages = {185--214},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {legal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ berman_pj-etal:1989a,
  author = {P.J. Berman and J. Garray and J. Perry},
  title = {Towards Optimal Distributed Consensus},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirtieth {IEEE} Symposium on Foundations
  	of Computer Science},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {410--415},
  organization = {IEEE},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st names, editor, address},
  topic = {distributed-systems;artificial-societies;mutual-belief;}  
  } 

@book{ berman_sr-etal:1985a,
  editor = {Stephen R. Berman and J-W. Choe and J. McDonough},
  title = {{NELS 15}: Proceedings of the Fifteenth Conference of the
  	{N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  publisher = {GLSA Publications},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications:
  	http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.},
  topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ berman_sr-etal:1986a,
  editor = {Stephen R. Berman and J-W. Choe and Joyce McDonough},
  title = {{NELS 16}: Proceedings of the Sixteenth Conference of the
  	{N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  publisher = {GLSA Publications},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications:
  	http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. S. Abney & J. Cole, "A government-binding parameter"
     2. J. Aoun, "Bound pronouns in Chinese"
     3. D. Archangeli, "The OCP and Nyangumarda buffer vowels"
     4. G. A. Broadwell, "A-bar anaphora and relative clauses"
     5. G. Chierchia & P. Jacobson, "Local and long distance control"
     6. H.-S. Choe, "An {SVO} analysis of {VSO} languages and
     		parameterization: a study of {B}erber"
     7. S. Crain & C. McKee, "Acquisition of structural restrictions
     		on anaphora"
     8. H. Davis, "Syntactic undergeneration in the acquisition of
     		English: Wh-questions and the ECP"
     9. A. M. Di Sciullo & E. S. Williams, "Noun incorporation vs.
     		cliticization"
    10. W. N. Elliott & K. Wexler, "A principled theory of categorial
    		acquisition"
    11. D. L. Finer & E. I. Broselow, "Second language acquisition of
    		reflexive binding"
    12. A. Giorgi, "The proper notion of c-command and the binding
    		theory: evidence from NPs"
    13. P. Gorrell, "Natural language parsing and reanalysis"
    14. I. Haik, "Pronouns of laziness"
    15. C. K. Kamprath, "The syllabification of consonantal glides:
    		post peak distinctions"
    16. M. Kenstowicz, "Multiple linking in Javanese"
    17. Y. Kitagawa, "Barriers to government"
    18. R. Kluender, "SATZCHEN: German small clauses as S's"
    19. R. Lieber, "Quirky mutations in an autosegmental framework"
    20. D. Lillo-Martin, "Effects of the acquisition of morphology on
    		syntactic parameter setting"
    21. M. R. Manzini, "On control and binding theory"
    22. C. Paradis, "Les marquers de classe en Pulaar (Fula): strates
    		et syllabes"
    23. B. H. Partee, "Ambiguous pseudoclefts with unambiguous be"
    24. E. J. Reuland, "Constraining the relation between morphology
    		and syntax"
    25. Y. Roberge, "On doubling and null argument languages"
    26. K. Safir, "On implicit arguments and thematic structure"
    27. D. Schlindwein, "Tier alignment in reduplication"
    28. P. Sells, "Coreference and bound anaphora: a restatement of facts"
    29. U. Shlonsky & M. Sigler, "Unexceptional exceptional case marking"
    30. R. Sproat, "The projection principle and the syntax of
    		synthetic compounds"
    31. T. Stowell, "Null antecedents and proper government"
  } ,
  topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ berman_sr:1987a,
  author = {Stephen R. Berman},
  title = {Situation-based Semantics for Adverbs of Quantification},
  booktitle = {Studies in Semantics},
  editor = {James Blevins and Anne Vainikka},
  series = {U. Mass Occasional Papers in Linguistics 12},
  year = {1987},
  topic = {situation-semantics;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@book{ bermudez:1995a,
  editor = {J.L. Bermudez and A.J. Marcel and N.  Eilan},
  title = {The Body and the Self},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massacusetts},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;consciousness;}  
 } 

@book{ bermudez:1998a,
  author = {J.L. Bermudez},
  title = {The Paradox of Self-Consciousness},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massacusetts},
  topic = {consciousness;}  
 } 

@article{ bernard-gouze:2002a,
  author = {Oliver Bernard and Jean-Luc Gouz\'e},
  title = {Global Qualitative Description of a Class of Nonlinear
  	Dynamical Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {136},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--59},
  topic = {nonlinear-systems;qualitative-modeling;} 
  } 

@article{ bernardi-dagostino:1996a,
  author = {Claudio Bernardi and Giovanna D'Agostino},
  title = {Translating the Hypergame Paradox: Remarks on the
  	Set of Founded Elements of a Relation},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {5},
  pages = {545--557},
  topic = {paradoxes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bernsen:1989a,
  author = {Niels Ole Bernsen},
  title = {General Introduction: A {E}uropean
		Perspective on Cognitive Science},
  booktitle = {Logic and Linguistics},
  publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen},
  pages = {vii--xiv},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  topic = {cognitive-science-survey;}  
  } 

@book{ bernsen:1998a,
  author = {Niels Ole Bernsen},
  title = {Designing Interactive Speech Systems: from First Ideas to
  	User Testing},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540760482 (acid-free paper)},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bernstein-wattenberg:1969a,
  author = {A. Bernstein and F. Wattenberg},
  title = {Non-Standard Measure Theory},
  booktitle = {Applications of Model Theory of Algebra, Analysis and
  	Probability},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston},
  year = {1968},
  editor = {W.A.J. Luxemburg},
  pages = {171--185},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {nonstandard-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ berovsky:1973a,
  author = {Bernard Berovsky},
  title = {The Counterfactual Analysis of Causation},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {70},
  number = {17},
  pages = {568--569},
  topic = {causality;conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ bert-etal:1999a,
  editor = {D. Bert and C. Choppy and P. Mosses},
  title = {Recent Trends in Algebraic Development Techniques: 14th
  	International Workshop, {WADT}'99, Chateau de Bonas},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-540-67898-0},
  topic = {abstract-data-types;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ berthiaume:1999a,
  author = {Andr\'e Berthiaume},
  title = {Quantum Computation},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Centrum voor Wiskunde en
  	Informatica, Amsterdam.},
  topic = {quantum-computation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ berthouzoz:1999a,
  author = {Cathy Berthouzoz},
  title = {A Model of Context Adapted to
			Domain-Independent Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {54--66},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;machine-translation;}  
  } 

@book{ bertilsson:1978a,
  author = {Margareta Bertilsson},
  title = {Towards a Social Reconstruction of Science Theory:
  	{P}eirce's Theory of Inquiry and Beyond},
  publisher = {Bokcafeet},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Lund},
  topic = {Peirce;sociology-of-science;}  
 } 

@book{ bertinetto-etal:1995a,
  editor = {Pier M. Bertinetto and V. Bianchi and \"Osten Dahl and
  	M. Squartini},
  title = {Temporal Reference, Aspect, and Actuality},
  publisher = {Rosenberg and Sellier},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Torino},
  ISBN = {8870116379},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st names},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
 } 

@article{ bertolet:1983a,
  author = {Rod Bertolet},
  title = {Where Do Implicatures Come From?},
  journal = {Canadian Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {181--192},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {implicature;}  
  } 

@article{ bertolet:1984a,
  author = {Rod Bertolet},
  title = {Inferences, Names, and Fictions},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {58},
  number = {2},
  pages = {203--218},
  topic = {fiction;fictional-characters;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bertoli-etal:1998a,
  author = {P.G. Bertoli and J. Calmet and Fausto Giunchiglia and
		K. Homann},
  title = {Specification and Integration of
		Theorem Provers and Computer Algebra Systems},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {94--106},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {combining-systems;automated-algebra;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ bertoni-dorigo:1993a,
  author = {A. Bertoni and M. Dorigo},
  title = {Implicit Parallelism in Genetic Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {307--314},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper is related to Holland's result on implicit
     parallelism. Roughly speaking, Holland showed a lower bound of
     the order of a n3/c13l to the number of schemata usefully
     processed by the genetic algorithm in a population of n = c1 .
     2l binary strings, with c1 a small integer. We ananlyze the case
     of a population of n = 2[beta]l binary strings where [beta] is a
     positive parameter (Holland's result is related to the case
     [beta] = 1). In the main result, we state a lower bound on the
     expected number of processed schemata for all [beta] < 0;
     moreover, we prove that this bound is tight up to a constant for
     all [beta] >= 1 and, in this case, we strengthen in probability
     the previous result.
  } ,
  topic = {genetic-algorithms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bertossi-reiter_r:1994a,
  author = {Leopolo E. Bertossi and Raymond Reiter},
  title = {On the Concept of a Generic Object: A Nonmonotonic
  	Reasoning Approach and Examples},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce},
  pages = {346--363},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {generics;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ berwick:1989a,
  author = {Robert C. Berwick},
  title = {Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262-02266-4},
  topic = {nlp-intro;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ berwick-epstein_sd:1995a,
  author = {Robert C. Berwick and Samuel D. Epstein},
  title = {On the Convergence of `Minimalist' Syntax with
  	Categorial Grammar},
  booktitle = {{TWLT} 10: Algebraic Methods in Language
  	Processing},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {A. Nijholt and G. Scollo and R. Steetskamp},
  pages = {143--148},
  publisher = {Universiteit Twente},
  address = {Entschede},
  topic = {minimalist-syntax;categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ berzins:2001a,
  author = {Martin Berzins},
  title = {Review of {\it The Computational Beauty of Nature} by {G}ary
  	{W}illiam {F}lake},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {128},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {237--238},
  xref = {Review of: flake:1998a.},
  topic = {fractals;chaos-theory;computational-aesthetics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ berztiss:1999a,
  author = {Alfs Berztiss},
  title = {Contexts, Domains, and Software},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {443--446},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;software-engineering;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bes-lecomte:1995a,
  author = {Gabriel G. Bes and Alain Lecomte},
  title = {Semantic Features in a Generic Lexicon},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {141--162},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;thematic-roles;
  	argument-structure;}  
  } 

@article{ besnard-etal:1989a,
  author = {Philippe Besnard and Yves Moinard and Robert E. Mercer},
  title = {The Importance of Open and Recursive Circumscription},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {39},
  number = {2},
  pages = {251--262},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Circumscription is known to result in an inconsistency when
     applied to certain consistent theories. To counter this problem,
     closed nonrecursive circumscription, a restricted form of
     circumscription that has been proved not to affect the
     consistency of the theory over which circumscription is applied,
     has been proposed.  We show that closed nonrecursive
     circumscription involves an excessive weakening of standard
     circumscription by establishing that closed nonrecursive
     circumscription is incomplete for some crucial theories over
     which standard circumscription is consistent and complete.
     First, we prove that closed circumscription cannot yield the
     desired uniqueness formula for the simplest of existential
     theories.  Second, we prove that nonrecursive circumscription
     fails to be as strong as predicate completion for Horn clause
     theories.  Third, we prove that the natural way to strengthen
     circumscription, that is, adding more variable predicates, may
     weaken nonrecursive circumscription.  } ,
  topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ besnard:1991a,
  author = {Philippe Besnard},
  title = {Default Logics},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {38--41},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {default-logic;inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ besnard:1992a,
  author = {Philippe Besnard},
  title = {Default Logic},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;kr-course;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ besnard-schwab:1993a,
  author = {Phillipe Besnard and Torstein Schwab},
  title = {A Context-Based Framework for Default Logics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert},
  pages = {406--411},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;context;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ besnard-hanks:1995a,
  editor = {Phillipe Besnard and Steve Hanks},
  title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence.  Proceedings of
  	the Eleventh Conference (1995)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ besnard-tan_yh:1995a,
  author = {Phillipe Besnard and Yao-Hua Tan},
  title = {A Modal Logic with Context-Dependent Inference for
  	Non-Monotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  pages = {31--38},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;modal-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ besnard-schaub:1996a,
  author = {Philippe Besnard and Torsten Schaub},
  title = {A Simple Signed System for Paraconsistent Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop,
  	{Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3,
	1996.},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska},
  pages = {404--416},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {paraconsistent-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ besnard-hunter_a:1998a,
  editor = {Philippe Besnard and Anthony Hunter},
  title = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems:  Reasoning with
                Actual and Potential Contradictions},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {2},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentsnote = {TC:
    1. Philippe Besnard and Anthony Hunter, "Introduction to
              Actual and Potential Contradictions", pp. 1--9
    2. Anthony Hunter, "Paraconsistent Logics", pp. 11--36
    3. John-Jules Ch. Meyer and Wiebe van der Hoek, "Modal Logics
              for Representing Incoherent Knowledge", pp. 37--75
    4. Torsten Schaub, "The Family of Default Logics", pp. 77--133
    5. James P. Delgrande, "Conditional Logics for Defeasible
              Logics", pp. 135--173
    6. P. Geerts and E. Laenens and D. Vermeir, "Defeasible
              Logics", pp. 175--210
    7. Wolfgang Lenzen, "Necessary Conditions for
              Negation-Operators (with Particular Applications
              to Paraconsistent Negation)", pp. 211--239
    8. Carlos Viegas Dam\'asio and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira, "A Survey
              of Paraconsistent Semantics for Logic
              Programs", pp. 241--320},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;relevance-logic;paraconsistency;
  	nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ besnard-hunter_a:1998b,
  author = {Philippe Besnard and Anthony Hunter},
  title = {Introduction to Actual and Potential Contradictions},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 2: Reasoning with
                Actual and Potential Contradictions},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {1--9},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;relevance-logic;paraconsistency;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ besnard-shaub:2000a,
  author = {Phillipe Besnard and Torsten Shaub},
  title = {Significant Inferences: Preliminary Report},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {401--410},
  topic = {significant-inferences;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ besnard-hunter_a:2001a,
  author = {Philippe Besnard and Anthony Hunter},
  title = {A Logic-Based Theory of Deductive Arguments},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {128},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {203--235},
  topic = {argumentation;reasoning-about-consistency;}  
  } 

@article{ bessiere:1994a,
  author = {Christian Bessi\'ere},
  title = {Arc-consistency and Arc-Consistency Again},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {65},
  number = {1},
  pages = {179--190},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     There is no need to show the importance of arc-consistency in
     constraint networks. Mohr and Henderson [9] have proposed AC-4,
     an algorithm with optimal worst-case time complexity. But it has
     two drawbacks: its space complexity and average time complexity.
     In problems with many solutions, where constraints are large,
     these drawbacks become so important that users often replace
     AC-4 by AC-3 [8], a non-optimal algorithm. In this paper, we
     propose a new algorithm, AC-6, which keeps the optimal
     worst-case time complexity of AC-4 while working out the
     drawback of space complexity.  Moreover, the average time
     complexity of AC-6 is optimal for constraint networks where
     nothing is known about the constraint semantics.
  } ,
  topic = {arc-(in)consistency;constraint-networks;complexity-in-AI;
  	constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@article{ bessiere-etal:1999a,
  author = {Christian Bessi\'ere and Eugene C. Freuder
  	and Jean-Charles R/'egin},
  title = {Using Constraint Metaknowledge to Reduce Arc
  	Consistency Computation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {107},
  number = {1},
  pages = {125--148},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ beth:1963a,
  author = {Evert W. Beth},
  title = {Carnap's Views on the Advantages of Constructed Systems
  	over Natural Languages in the Philosophy of Science},
  booktitle = {The Philosophy of {R}udolph {C}arnap},
  publisher = {Open Court},
  year = {1963},
  editor = {Paul Schilpp},
  pages = {469--502},
  address = {LaSalle, Illinois},
  topic = {Carnap;philosophy-of-science;} 
  } 

@article{ bettini-etal:2002a,
  author = {Claudio Bettini and X. Sean Wang and Sushil Jajodia},
  title = {Solving Multi-Granularity Temporal Constraint Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {140},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {107--152},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;arc-(in)consistency;temporal-reasoning;} 
  } 

@article{ beuchcapon:2000a,
  author = {Trevor Beuch Capon},
  title = {Review of {\it Logical Tools for Modeling Legal Argument:
  	A Study of Defeasible Reasoning in Law}, by {H}enry {P}rakken},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {64},
  number = {1},
  pages = {143--146},
  xref = {Review of prakken:1997c.},
  topic = {logic-and-law;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ beun:1989a,
  author = {R.J. Beun},
  title = {The Recognition of Declarative Questions in Information
  	Dialogues},
  school = {Tilburg University},
  year = {1989},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Tilburg},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {speech-act-recognition;computational-dialogue;interrogatives;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ beun:1996a,
  author = {R.J. Beun},
  title = {Speech Act Generation in Cooperative Dialogue},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th {T}wente Workshop on Language
  	Technology},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {71--79},
  organization = {University of Twente},
  address = {Entschede},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor, publisher},
  topic = {speech-acts;nl-generation;computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bever:1970a,
  author = {Thomas G. Bever},
  title = {The Cognitive Basis for Linguistic Structures},
  booktitle = {Cognition and the Development of Language},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1970},
  editor = {J. Hayes},
  pages = {279--352},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bever-rosenbaum:1971a,
  author = {Thomas A. Bever and Peter S. Rosenbaum},
  title = {Some Lexical Structures and Their Empirical Validity},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {586--599},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;transformational-grammar;} 
  } 

@incollection{ bever:1974a,
  author = {Thomas G. Bever},
  title = {The Ascent of the Specious, or, There's
		a Lot We Don't Know about Mirrors},
  booktitle = {Explaining Linguistic Phenomena},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {David Cohen},
  pages = {173--200},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology;} 
  } 

@incollection{ bever:1976a,
  author = {Thomas G. Bever},
  title = {The Influence of Speech Performance on
     		Linguistic Structure},
  booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability},
  publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {65--88},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {linguistics-methodology;foundations-of-linguistics;
  	competence;}  
  } 

@book{ bever-etal:1976a,
  editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen},
  title = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability},
  publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.},
  year = {1976},
  address = {New York},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence
     		Langendoen, "Introduction", pp. 1--9
     2. Jerrold J. Katz and Thomas G. Bever, "The Fall and Rise
     		of Empiricism", pp. 11--64
     3. Thomas G. Bever, "The Influence of Speech Performance on
     		Linguistic Structure", pp. 65--88
     4. D. Terence Langendoen, "Finite-State Parsing of
     		Phrase-Structure Languages and the Status
		of Readjustment Rules in Grammar", pp. 89--113
     5. Thomas G. Bever and D. Terence Langendoen, "A Dynamic Model
     		of the Evolution of Language", pp. 115--147
     6. Thomas G. Bever and John M. Carroll, Jr. and Richard
     		Hurtig, "Analogy or Ungrammatical Sequences That
		Are Utterable and Comprehensible Are the Origins
		of New Grammars in Language", pp. 149--182
     7. D. Terence Langendoen, "A Case of Apparent
     		Ungrammaticality", pp. 183--193
     8. D. Terence Langendoen and Nancy Kalish-Landon and John
     		Dore, "Dative Questions: A Study in the Relation of
		Accessibility to Grammaticality of an English
		Sentence Type", pp. 195--223
     9. D. Terence Langendoen, "Acceptable Conclusions from Unacceptable
     		Ambiguity", pp. 225--238
    10. D. Terence Langendoen and Thomas G. Bever, "Can a Not Unhappy
    		Person be Called a Not Sad One?", pp. 239--260
    11. Robert M. Harnish, "The Argument from {\em Lurk}", pp. 261--270
    12. Manfred Bierwisch, "Social Differentiation of Language
    		Structures", pp. 271--312
    13. Robert M. Harnish, "Logical Form and Implicature", pp. 313--391
    14. Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen, "Pragmatics and
    		Presupposition", pp. 393--413
    15. Jerrold J. Katz, "Global Rules and Surface Structure
    		Interpretation", pp. 415--425
  } ,
  topic = {linguistics-methodology;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bever-etal:1976b,
  author = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence
     		Langendoen},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability},
  publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {1--9},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {linguistics-methodology;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bever-etal:1976c,
  author = {Thomas G. Bever and John M. Carroll, Jr. and Richard
     		Hurtig},
  title = {Analogy or Ungrammatical Sequences that
		Are Utterable and Comprehensible Are the Origins
		of New Grammars in Language},
  booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability},
  publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {149--182},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {analogy;language-change;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bever-langendoen:1976a,
  author = {Thomas G. Bever and D. Terence Langendoen},
  title = {A Dynamic Model of the Evolution of Language},
  booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability},
  publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {115--147},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {language-change;}  
  } 

@incollection{ beygelzimer-rish:2002a,
  author = {Alina Beygelzimer and Irina Rish},
  title = {Inference Complexity as a Model-Selection Criterion for
  	Learning {B}ayesian Networks},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {558--567},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;Bayesian-networks;machine-learning;} 
  } 

@article{ bezhanishvili:2001a,
  author = {Guram Bezhanishvili},
  title = {Review of {\it Tools and Techniques in Modal Logic}, by
  	{M}arcus {K}racht},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {278--279},
  xref = {Review of: kracht:1999a},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ bezuidenhout:1997a,
  author = {Anne L. Bezuidenhout},
  title = {The Communication of De Re Thoughts},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {31},
  number = {2},
  pages = {197--223},
  topic = {reference;singular-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ bezuidenhout:1998a,
  author = {Anne Bezuidenhout},
  title = {Is Verbal Communication a Purely Preservative
  	Process?},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {2},
  pages = {261--288},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ bezuidenhout:2001a,
  author = {Anne L. Bezuidenhout},
  title = {Review of {\it The Philosophy of {P}.{F}. {S}trawson},
  	edited by {L}.{E.} {H}ahn},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {3},
  pages = {460--465},
  xref = {Review of: hahn_le:1998a},
  topic = {Strawson;analytic-philosophy;philosophy-of-language;} 
  } 

@book{ bharuchareid:1978a,
  editor = {A. T.  Bharucha-Reid},
  title = {Probabilistic Analysis and Related Topics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1978},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0120956012 (v. 1)},
  topic = {probability-theory;stochastic-analysis;}  
 } 

@article{ bhaskar-nigam:1990a,
  author = {R. Bhaskar and Anil Nigam},
  title = {Qualitative Physics Using Dimensional Analysis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {73--111},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bhatnagar:1995a,
  author = {Raj Bhatnagar},
  title = {Probabilistic Contexts for Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  pages = {39--46},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ bhatt:2002a,
  author = {Rajesh Bhatt},
  title = {Review of {\it Economy and Semantic Interpretation}, by
  	{D}anny {F}ox},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {233--259},
  xref = {Review of fox_d:2000a.},
  topic = {syntax-semantics-interface;nl-quantifier-scope;} 
  } 

@article{ bhatt:2002b,
  author = {Rajesh Bhatt},
  title = {The Raising Analysis of Relative Clauses: Evidence from
  	Adjectival Modification},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {43--90},
  topic = {relative-clauses;nl-semantics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ bianchi:1999a,
  author = {Claudia Bianchi},
  title = {Three Forms of Contextual Dependence},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {67--76},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bianchi:2001a,
  author = {Claudia Bianchi},
  title = {Context of Utterance and Intended Context},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {73--66},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;indexicals;demonstratives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ biatov:2000a,
  author = {Konstantin Biatov},
  title = {Experiments on Unsupervised Learning for Extracting
  	Relevant Fragments from Spoken Dialog Corpus},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {83--86},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;spoken-language-corpora;}  
  } 

@article{ bibel:1980a,
  author = {Wolfgang Bibel},
  title = {Syntax-Directed, Semantics-Supported Program Synthesis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {243--261},
  topic = {program-synthesis;}  
  } 

@book{ bibel:1982a,
  author = {Wolfgang Bibel},
  title = {Automated Theorem Proving},
  publisher = {Friedr. Vieweg \& Sohn},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Braunschweig, Germany},
  ISBN = {3528085207},
  topic = {theorem-proving;kr-course;}  
 } 

@article{ bibel:1982b,
  author = {Wolfgang Bibel},
  title = {A Comparative Study of Several Proof Procedures},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {269--293},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@book{ bibel-jorrand:1986a,
  editor = {W. Bibel and Ph. Jorrand},
  title = {Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence: An Advanced Course},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {354016782X},
  topic = {AI-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ bibel:1988a,
  author = {Wolfgang Bibel},
  title = {Constraint Satisfaction from a Deductive Viewpoint},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {3},
  pages = {401--413},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bibel-eder:1993a,
  author = {Wolfgang Bibel and Elmar Eder},
  title = {Methods and Calculi for Deduction},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and
  	Logic Programming, Volume 1: Deductive
		 Methodologies},
    editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and J.A. Robinson},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  pages = {68--367},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1993},
  missinginfo = {ed's 1st name},
  topic = {kr;logic-survey;theorem-proving;kr-course;}  
} 

@book{ bibel-etal:1993a,
  author = {Wolfgang Bibel and Steffen H\"olldobler and Gerd
  	Neugebauer},
  title = {Deduction: Automated Logic},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {012095835X},
  note = {Translated by Monika Lekuse with the assistance of Donald
  	Sannella.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@article{ bibel:1998a,
  author = {Wolfgang Bibel},
  title = {Let's Plan it Deductively!},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {183--208},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bibel-etal:1998a,
  author = {Wolfgang Bibel et al.},
  title = {Compressions and Extensions},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, other authors, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ bibel-schmidt:1998a,
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  title = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {1},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	0. Ulrich Furbach, "Introduction (to Part I: Tableau and Connection
		Calculi)"
  	1. B. Beckert and R. H\"anle, "Analytic Tableaux"
	2. R. Letz, "Clausal Tableaux"
	3. P. Baumgartner and Ulrich Furbach, "Variants of Clausal Tableaux"
	4. U. Egly, "Cuts in Tableaux"
	5. W. Bibel et al., "Compressions and Extensions"
   0'. U. Petermann, "Introduction (to Part II: Special Calculi and
			Refinements"
	6. P. Baumgartner and U. Peterman, "Theory Reasoning"
	7. F. Baader and K.U. Schulz, "Unification THeory"
	8. P. Beckert, "Rigid E-Unification"
	9. C. Weidenbach, "Sorted Unification and Tree Automata"
   10. G. Meyer and C. Beierle, "Dimensions of Types in Logic Programming"
   11. L. Bachmair and H. Ganzinger, "Equational Reasoning in
			Saturation-Based Theorem Proving"
   12. T. Nipkow and C. Prehofer, "Higher-Order Rewriting and
			Equational Reasoning"
   13. M. Kohlhase, "Higher-Order Automated Theorem Proving"
   } ,
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ bibel-schmidt:1998b,
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H.  Schmidt},
  title = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {1},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	0. T. Nipkow and W. Reif, "Introduction (to Part I: Interactive
			Theorem Proving)"
  	1. W. Reif et al., "Structured Specifications and Interactive
			Proofs with {KIV}"
	2. H. Benl et al., "Proof Theory at Work: Program Development
			in the {M}inlog System"
	3. M. Strecker et al., "Interactive and Automated Construction
			in Type Theory"
	4. W. Ahrendt et al., "Integrating Automated and Interactive
			Theorem Proving"
   0'. J. Siekman and D. Fehrer, "Introduction (to Part II:
		Representation)"
	5. P. Graf and D. Fehrer, "Term Indexing"
	6. D. Fehrer, "Developing Deductive Systems: The]
			Toolbox Style"
	7. G. Neugebauer and U. Petermann, "Specifications of
			Inference Rules: Extensions of the {PTTP} Technique"
	8. T. Kolbe and C. Walther, "Proof Analysis, Generalization,
			and Reuse"
  0''. W. K\"uchlin, "Introduction (To Part III: Parallel Inference
			Systems)"
    9. R. B\"undgen et al., "Parallel Term Rewriting with
			{P}a{R}e{D}u{X}"
   10. J. Schulmann et al., "Parallel Theorem Provers Based on {SETHO}"
   11. S.-E. Bornscheuer et al., "Massively Parallel Reasoning"
 0'''. J. Avenhaus, "Introduction (To Part IV: Comparison and
		Cooperation of Theorem Provers)"
   12. M. Baaz et al., "Extension Methods in Automated Deduction"
   13. J. Denzinger and M. Fuchs, "A Comparison of Equality
   	Reasoning Heuristics"
   14. J. Denzinger and I. Dahn, "Cooperating Theorem Provers"
   } ,
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;AI-implementations;}  
 } 

@book{ bibel-schmidt:1998c,
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H.  Schmidt},
  title = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {III}, Applications},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {1},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	0. M. Kohlhase, "Introduction (to Part I: Automated
		Theorem Proving in Mathematics)"
  	1. I. Dahn, "Lattice-Ordered Groups in Deduction"
	2. J. Stuber, "Superposition Theorem Proving for Commutsative
			Rings"
	3. H.J. Olbach and J. K\"ohler, "How to Augment a Formal
			System with a {B}oolean Algebra Component"
	4. M. Kerber, "Proof Planning: A Practical Approach to
			Mechanized Reasoning in Mathematics"
   0'. J. Schumann, "Introduction (to Part II: Automated Deduction
			in Software Engineering and Hardware Design )"
	5. C. Kreitz, "Program Synthesis"
	6. J. Geisl et al., "Termination Analysis for Functional
			Programs"
	7. G. Schellhorn and W. Ahrendt, "The {WAM} Case Study: Verifying
			Compiler Correctness for {P}rolog with {KIV}"
	8. I. Dahn and J. Schumann, "Using Automated Theorem Provers
			in Verification of Protocols"
	9. W. Reif and G. Schellhorn, "Theorem Proving in Large Theories"
   10. F. Stolzenburg and B. Thomas, "Analyzing Rule Sets for the
			Calculation of Banking Fees by a Theorem Prover with
			Constraints"
   11. B. Fischer et al., "Deduction-Based Software Component
			Retrieval"
   12. R. B\"undgen, "Rewrite Based Hardware Verification with
			{R}e{D}u{X}"
   } ,
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ biber:1994a,
  author = {Douglas Biber},
  title = {Representativeness in Corpus Design},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {377--407},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ biber-etal:1998a,
  author = {Douglas Biber and Susan Conrad and Randi Reppen},
  title = {Corpus Linguistics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052149957-7},
  topic = {corpus-annotation;corpus-linguistics;corpus-tagging;}  
 } 

@article{ biber:1999a,
  author = {Douglas Biber},
  title = {Review of {\it Exploring Textual Data}, by {L}udvic
  	{L}ebart and {A}ndr\'e {S}alem and {L}isette {B}arry},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {165--166},
  xref = {Review of lebart-etal:1998a.},
  topic = {corpus-statistics;multivariate-statistics;cluster-analysis;}  
  } 

@book{ biber-etal:1999a,
  author = {Douglas Biber and Stig Johansson and Susan Conrad and
  	Edward Finnegan},
  title = {Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Pearson Education, Ltd.},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Harlow, England},
  ISBN = {058223725-4},
  xref = {Review: hirst:2001a.},
  topic = {descriptive-grammar;Engliah-language;}  
 } 

@article{ bic:1985a,
  author = {Lubomir Bic},
  title = {Processing of Semantic Nets on Dataflow Architectures},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {219--227},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Extracting knowledge from a semantic network may be viewed as a
     process of finding given patterns in the network. On a von
     Neumann computer architecture the semantic net is a passive data
     structure stored in memory and manipulated by a program.  This
     paper demonstrates that by adopting a data-driven model of
     computation the necessary pattern-matching process may be
     carried out on a highly-parallel dataflow architecture. The
     model is based on the idea of representing the semantic network
     as a dataflow graph in which each node is an active element
     capable of accepting, processing, and emitting data tokens
     traveling asynchronously along the network arcs.  These tokens
     are used to perform a parallel search for the given patterns.
     Since no centralized control is required to guide and supervise
     the token flow, the model is capable of exploiting a computer
     architecture consisting of large numbers of independent
     processing elements.},
  topic = {semantic-nets;parallel-processing;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bicchieri:1988a,
  author = {Cristina Bicchieri},
  title = {Common Knowledge and Backward Induction: A Solution to
  	the Paradox},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {381--393},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {game-theory;mutual-belief;backward-induction;}  
  } 

@article{ bicchieri:1988b,
  author = {Cristina Bicchieri},
  title = {Strategic Behavior and Counterfactuals},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1},
  pages = {135--169},
  topic = {conditionals;game-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bicchieri:1989a,
  author = {Cristina Bicchieri},
  title = {Backward Induction Without Common Knowledge},
  booktitle = {{PSA} 1988: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 2},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Arthur Fine and Janet Leplin},
  pages = {329--343},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  address = {East Lansing, Michigan},
  topic = {game-theory;mutual-beliefs;backward-induction;}  
  } 

@book{ bicchieri-etal:1992a,
  editor = {Cristina Bicchieri and Maria Luisa {Dalla Chiara}},
  title = {Knowledge, belief, and Strategic Interaction},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ bicchieri:1993a,
  author = {Cristina Bicchieri},
  title = {Rationality and Coordination},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: gilbert:1998a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-game-theory;game-theoretic-coordination;
  	rationality;}  
 } 

@book{ bicchieri-chiara:1993a,
  editor = {Cristina Bicchieri and M.L.D. Chiara},
  title = {Knowledge, Belief, and Strategic Interaction},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name},
  topic = {game-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ bicchieri:1994a,
  author = {Cristina Bicchieri},
  title = {Counterfactuals, Belief Changes, and Equilibrium Refinements},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {21--52},
  topic = {game-theory; counterfactuals;Nash-equilibria;}  
  } 

@article{ bicchieri-antonelli:1995a,
  author = {Cristina Bicchieri and Aldo Antonelli},
  title = {Game-Theoretic Axioms for Local Rationality and Bounded
  	Knowledge},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {145--167},
  topic = {game-theory;rationality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bicchieri-antonelli:1996a,
  author = {Cristina Bicchieri and Aldo Antonelli},
  title = {Games Servers Play: A Procedural Approach},
  booktitle = {Intelligent Agents {II}: Agent Theories, Architectures,
  	and Languages},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Michael J. Wooldridge and J.P. M\"uller and Miland Tambe},
  pages = {127--142},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {game-theory;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@book{ bicchieri-etal:1997a,
  editor = {Cristina Bicchieri and Richard Jeffrey and Brian Skyrms},
  title = {The Dynamics of Norms},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521560624},
  ISBN = {0521560624},
  topic = {conditional-obligation;obligation-update;}  
 } 

@book{ bicchieri-etal:1999a,
  editor = {Cristina Bicchieri and Richard Jeffrey and Brian Skyrms},
  title = {The Logic of Strategy},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0195117158},
  topic = {decision-theory;foundations-of-decision-theory;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ bickard-campbell_rl:1991a,
  author = {Mark H. Bickard and Robert L. campbell},
  title = {Some Foundational Questions Concerning Language Studies:
		with a Focus on Categorial Grammars and Model Theoretic
		Possible Worlds Semantics},
  year = {1991},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  contentnote = {This is an attempt at a foundational criticism of
		logical semantics.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bickerton:1979a,
  author = {Derek Bickerton},
  title = {Where Do Presuppositions Come From},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 11: Presupposition},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {ChoonKyo Oh and David A. Dineen},
  pages = {235--248},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ bidoit-froidevaux:1991a,
  author = {N. Bidoit and Christine Froidevaux},
  title = {General Logical Databases and Programs: Default
  	Logic Semantics and Stratefication},
  journal = {Information and Computation},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {91},
  pages = {15--54},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {default-logic;stratified-logic-programs;}  
  } 

@incollection{ biederman:1990a,
  author = {Irving Biederman},
  title = {Higher-Level Vision},
  booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science.  Volume
  	2: Visual Cognition and Action},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {41--72},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;human-vision;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ bielec:1998a,
  author = {Dana Bielec},
  title = {Polish--An Essential Grammar},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415164052 (alk. paper), 0415164060 (pbk)},
  topic = {Polish-language;reference-grammars;}  
 } 

@article{ biermann:1972a,
  author = {A.W.  Biermann},
  title = {On the Inference of {T}uring Machines from Sample
  	Computations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {181--198},
  topic = {learning-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ biermann:1997a,
  author = {Alan W. Biermann},
  title = {Great Ideas in Computer Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  edition = {2nd},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cs-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ bierwisch:1967a,
  author = {Manfred Bierwisch},
  title = {Some Semantic Universals of {G}erman Adjectivals},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {1--36},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {nl-semantics;semantic-primitives;German-language;
  	semantics-of-adjectives;}  
  } 

@book{ bierwisch-heidolph:1970a,
  editor = {Manfred Bierwisch and Karl Erich Heidolph},
  title = {Progress In Linguistics:  A Collection of Papers},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1970},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {linguistics-misc-collection;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bierwisch:1971a,
  author = {Manfred Bierwisch},
  title = {On Classifying Semantic Features},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {410--435},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {componential-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ bierwisch:1971b,
  author = {Manfred Bierwisch},
  title = {Modern Linguistics; Its Development, Methods and Problems},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1971},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {linguistics-intro;linguistics-history;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bierwisch:1976a1,
  author = {Manfred Bierwisch},
  title = {Social Differentiation of Language Structure},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {407--456},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Alternate publication: bierwisch:1976a2.},
  topic = {linguistic-variation;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bierwisch:1976a2,
  author = {Manfred Bierwisch},
  title = {Social Differentiation of Language Structures},
  booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability},
  publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {271--312},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Alternate publication: bierwisch:1976a1.},
  topic = {linguistic-variation;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bierwisch:1982a,
  author = {Manfred Bierwisch},
  title = {Formal and Lexical Semantics},
  year = {1982},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ bierwisch-lang:1989a,
  author = {Manfred Bierwisch and Ewald Lang},
  title = {Dimensional Adjectives: Grammatical Structure and
  	Conceptual Interpretation},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540506330 (Germany) 0387506330 (U.S.A.)},
  topic = {adjectives;nl-semantics;spatial-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ bierwisch:1996a,
  author = {Manfred Bierwisch},
  title = {Tools and Explanations of Comparison:  Part {I}},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--93},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {comparative-constructions;adjectives;measurement-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ bigaj:2001a,
  author = {Thomas Bigaj},
  title = {Three-Valued Logic, Indeterminacy and Quantum Mechanics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {2},
  pages = {97--119},
  topic = {quantum-logic;multi-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ bigelow:1975a,
  author = {John C. Bigelow},
  title = {Contexts and Quotation {I}},
  journal = {Linguistische {B}erichte},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1975},
  pages = {1--22},
  topic = {direct-discourse;context;indexicals;}  
  } 

@article{ bigelow:1975b,
  author = {John C. Bigelow},
  title = {Contexts and Quotation {II}},
  journal = {Linguistische {B}erichte},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {39},
  number = {1975},
  pages = {1--22},
  topic = {direct-discourse;context;indexicals;}  
  } 

@article{ bigelow:1976a,
  author = {John C. Bigelow},
  title = {Possible Worlds Foundations for Probability},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {299--320},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;possible-worlds-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ bigelow:1977a,
  author = {John C. Bigelow},
  title = {Review of {\it Language, Mind, and Knowledge}, edited by
  	{K}eith {G}underson},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {301--304},
  xref = {Review of gunderson:1975a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bigelow:1978a,
  author = {John C. Bigelow},
  title = {Semantics of Thinking, Speaking and Translation},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Translation: Philosophical and Logical
  	Approaches},
  publisher = {New York University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and Monica Guenthner-Reutter},
  pages = {109--135},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;intensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ bigelow:1978b,
  author = {John C. Bigelow},
  title = {Review of {\it Issues in the Philosophy of Language},
  	edited by {A}lfred {F}. {M}ackay and {D}.{D}. {M}errill},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {447--454},
  xref = {Review of mackay_af-merrill_dd:1976a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ bigelow:1980a,
  author = {John C. Bigelow},
  title = {Believing in Semantics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {101--144},
  title = {Review of {\it Subjunctive Reasoning}, by {J}ohn {P}ollock},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {129--139},
  xref = {Review of pollock:1976a.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bigelow:1981a,
  author = {John C. Bigelow},
  title = {Truth and Universals},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {168--189},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {propositions;possible-worlds;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bilgrami:1998a,
  author = {Akeel Bilgrami},
  title = {Why Holism is Harmless and Necessary},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {105--126},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {holism;philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ billinge:1997a,
  author = {Helen Billinge},
  title = {A Constructive Formulation of {G}leason's Theorem},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {6},
  pages = {661--670},
  contentnote = {Gleason's theorem is important in QM, it says that
  	all probability measures over the projection lattice of
	Hilbert space can be represented as density operators.
	G. Hellman argued that this theorem is not constructively
	provable.  See hellman_g:1993a.},
  topic = {quantum-logic;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;
  	constructive-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ billings-etal:2002a,
  author = {Darse Billings and Aaron Davidson and Jonathan Schaeffer
  	and Duane Szafron},
  title = {The Challenge of Poker},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {134},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {201--240},
  topic = {computer-games;agent-modeling;connectionist-models;} 
  } 

@article{ billington-rock:2001a,
  author = {David Billington and Andrew Rock},
  title = {Proposiitonal Plausible Logic: Introduction and
        Implementation},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {2},
  pages = {243--269},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;
  	nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ binaghi:1991a,
  author = {Elisabetta Binaghi},
  title = {Learning of Uncertain Classification Rules in Medical
  	Diagnosis},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {115--119},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {machine-learning;fuzzy-logics;}  
  } 

@book{ binkley-marras:1971a,
  editor = {Robert Binkley and Richard Bronaugh and Ausonio Marras},
  title = {Agent, Action, and Reason},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631139109},
  topic = {action;agency;}  
 } 

@article{ binmore:1987a,
  author = {Ken Binmore},
  title = {Modeling Rational Players {I}},
  journal = {Economics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {179--214},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {game-theory;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ binmore:1988a,
  author = {Ken Binmore},
  title = {Modeling Rational Players {II}},
  journal = {Economics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {9--55},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {game-theory;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ binmore:1990a,
  author = {Ken Binmore},
  title = {Essays on the Foundations of Game Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631168664},
  topic = {foundations-of-game-theory;game-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ binmore-shin:1993a,
  author = {Ken Binmore and H.S. Shin},
  title = {Algorithmic Knowledge and Game Theory},
  booktitle = {Knowledge, Belief, and Strategic Interaction},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Cristina Bicchieri and M.L.D. Chiara},
  chapter = {9},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name},
  topic = {game-theory;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ binmore:1994a,
  author = {Ken Binmore},
  title = {Rationality in the Centipede},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {150--159},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {game-theory;backward-induction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ binnick:1970a,
  author = {Robert I. Binnick},
  title = {Ambiguity and Vagueness},
  booktitle = {Proceedings From the Sixth Regional Meeting of the
  	{C}hicago {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  year = {1970},
  pages = {147--153},
  organization = {Chicago Linguistic Society},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistic Society},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  topic = {ambiguity;vagueness;}  
  } 

@book{ binnick:1991a,
  author = {Robert I. Binnick},
  title = {Time and the Verb: A Guide to Tense and Aspect},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
 } 

@book{ biocca-levy:1995a,
  editor = {Frank Biocca and Mark R. Levy},
  title = {Communication in the Age of Virtual Reality},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Frank Biocca and Taeyong Kim and Mark R. Levy, "The Vision
		of Virtual Reality"
	2. Frank Biocca and Mark R. Levy, "Virtual Reality as a
		Communication System"
	3. Jonathan Steuer, "Defining Virtual Reality: Dimensions
		Determining Telepresence"
	4. Frank Biocca and Ben Delaney, "Immersive Virtual Reality
		Technology"
	5. Frank Biocca and Mark R. Levy, "Communication Applications
		of Virtual Reality"
	6. Diana Gagnon Hawkins, "Virtual Reality and Passive
		Simulators: The Future of Fun"
	7. Carrie Heeter, "Communication Research on Consumer {VR}"
       10.Kenneth Meyer, "Dramatic narrative in virtual reality"
       11.Gregory Kramer, "Sound and Communication in Virtual
       		Reality"
       12. Mark T. Palmer, "Interpersonal Communication and Virtual
       		Reality: Mediating Interpersonal Relationships"
       13. Thomas W. Valente and Thierry Bardini, "Virtual Diffusion
       		or an Uncertain Reality: Networks, Policy, and Models
		for the Diffusion of {VR} Technology"
       14. Michael A. Shapiro and Daniel G. McDonald, "I'm Not a Real
       		Doctor, But I Play One in Virtual Reality:
		Implications of Virtual Realty for Judgements about
		Reality"
       15. Anne Balsamo, "Signal to Noise: On the Meaning of
       		Cyberpunk Subculture"
       16. Lisa St. Clair Harvey, "Communication Issues and Policy
       		Implications"
   } ,
  ISBN = {080581549X (c: alk. paper)},
  topic = {virtual-reality;}  
 } 

@article{ bird_a:1998a,
  author = {A. Bird},
  title = {Dispositions and Antidotes},
  journal = {The Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {48},
  number = {191},
  pages = {227--234},
  topic = {dispositions;}  
  } 

@article{ bird_g:1979a,
  author = {G. Bird},
  title = {Speech Acts and Conversation, Part {II}},
  journal = {Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {142--152},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {speech-acts;implicature;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ bird_s:1990a,
  author = {Stephen Bird},
  title = {Constraint-Based Phonology},
  school = {University of Edinburgh},
  year = {1990},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {computational-phonology;foundations-of-phonology;}  
 } 

@article{ bird_s-klein:1990a,
  author = {Stephen Bird and Ewan Klein},
  title = {Phonological Events},
  journal = {Journal of Linguistics},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {33--56},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {foundations-of-phonology;nonlinear-phonology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bird_s-calder:1991a,
  author = {Steven Bird and Jo Calder},
  title = {Defaults in Underspecification Phonology},
  booktitle = {Default Logics for Linguistic Analysis},
  publisher = {University of Stuttgart},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Hans Kamp},
  pages = {129--139},
  address = {Stuttgart},
  note = {{DYANA} Deliverable R2.5.B},
  topic = {phonology;underspecification-theory;nml;}  
  } 

@article{ bird_s-ellison:1994a,
  author = {Steven Bird and T. Mark Ellison},
  title = {One Level Phonology: Autosegmental Representations and
   Rules as Finite Automata},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume = {20},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {55--90},
  topic = {computational-phonology;}  
 } 

@article{ bird_s-klein:1994a,
  author = {Steven Bird and Ewan Klein},
  title = {Phonological Analyses in Typed Feature Structures},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume = {20},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {455--491},
  topic = {computational-phonology;}  
 } 

@book{ bird_s:1995a,
  author = {Steven Bird},
  title = {Computational Phonology: A Constraint-Based Approach},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0-521-47496-5},
  xref = {Review: wheeler_dw-carpenter:1995a.},
  topic = {computational-phonology;}  
 } 

@techreport{ bird_s-liberman:1999a,
  author = {Steven Bird and Mark Liberman},
  title = {A Formal Framework for Linguistic Annotation},
  institution = {Department of Computer and Information
  	Science, University of Pennsylvania},
  number = {MS-CIS-99-01},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {corpus-annotation;corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bird_s-liberman:1999b,
  author = {Steven Bird and Mark Liberman},
  title = {Annotation Graphs as a Framework for Multidimensional
  		Linguistic Data Analysis},
  booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging:
  	Proceedings of the Workshop},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {1--10},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-tagging;representation-of-ling-info;}  
  } 

@book{ bird_s-simons:2000a,
  editor = {Stephen Bird and Gary Simons},
  title = {Linguistic Explorations: Workshop on Web-Based Language
  	Documentation and Description},
  publisher = {Institute for Research in Cognitive Science,
  	University of Pennsylvania},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania},
  note = {See www.ldc.upenn.edu/exploration/expl2000},
  topic = {internet-based-language-documentation;}  
 } 

@book{ birkenmayer-folejewski:1978a,
  author = {Sigmund S. Birkenmayer and Zbigniew Folejewski},
  title = {Introduction to the {P}olish Language},
  publisher = {Kosciuszko Foundation},
  edition = {3},
  year = {1978},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0917004116},
  topic = {Polish-language;reference-grammars;}  
 } 

@book{ birkhoff:1967a,
 author = {Garrett Birkhoff},
 title = {Lattice Theory},
 publisher = {American Mathematical Society},
 year = {1967},
 address = {Providence, RI},
 topic = {lattice-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ birnbaum_l:1991a,
  author = {Lawrence Birnbaum},
  title = {Rigor Mortis: A Response to {N}ilsson's `{L}ogic and
  	Artificial Intelligence'},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {47},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {57--77},
  contentnote = {Discusses the limits of the logicist approach.},
  topic = {logic-in-AI-survey;}  
  } 

@book{ birnbaum_mm:1998a,
  editor = {Michael H. Birnbaum},
  title = {Measurement, Judgment, and Decision Making},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {San Diego},
  ISBN = {0120999757 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {psychometrics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ birner:1997a,
  author = {Betty J. Birner},
  title = {Recency Effects in {E}nglish Inversion},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {309--323},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;given-new;centering;}  
  } 

@article{ biro:1979a,
  author = {John I. Biro},
  title = {Intentionalism in the Theory of Meaning},
  journal = {The Monist},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {62},
  pages = {238--258},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;intention;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ biro-shahan:1982a,
  editor = {John I. Biro and Robert W. Shahan},
  title = {Mind, Brain, and Function: Essays in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Oklahoma Press},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Norman, Oklahoma},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@incollection{ biro:1995a,
  author = {John Biro},
  title = {The Neo-{F}regean Argument},
  booktitle = {Frege, Sense and Reference One Hundred Years Later},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {John I. Biro and Petr Kotatko},
  pages = {185--205},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {intensionality;reference;foundations-of-semantics;Frege;}  
  } 

@book{ biro-kotatko:1995a,
  editor = {John I. Biro and Petr Kotatko},
  title = {Frege, Sense and Reference One Hundred Years Later},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
	1. Thomas Baldwin, Three Puzzles in Frege's Theory of Truth, 1--15
	2. Gabriel Segal, Truth and Sense, 15--24
	3. Barry Smith, Frege and Chomsky: Sense and Psychologism, 25--46
	4. Petr Kotatko, Meaning and the Third Realm, 47--57
	5. David Wiggins, Putnam's Doctrine of Natural Kind Words and
		{F}rege's Doctrines of Sense, Reference, and Extension:
		Can They Cohere?, 59--74
	6. A.C. Grayling, Concept-Reference and Kinds, 75--93
	7. Francois Rencanati, The Communication of First Person Thoughts,
		95--102
	8. Tom Stoneham, Transparency, Sense and Self-Knowledge, 103--112
	9. Christine Tappolet, The Sense and Reference of Evaluative Terms,
		113--127
       10. Peter Simons, The Next Best Thing to Sense in the {B}egriffschrift,
       		129-140
       11. David Owens, Understanding Names, 141--149
       12. Emos Corazza and Jerome Dori\v{c}, Why is {F}rege's Puzzle
       		Still Puzzling?, 151--168
       13. Martin Hahn, The {F}rege Puzzle One More Time, 169-183
       14. John Biro, The Neo-{F}regean Argument, 185--205
  } ,
  topic = {Frege;}  
 } 

@article{ bishop_ma-stich:1998a,
  author = {Michael A. Bishop and Stephen P. Stich},
  title = {The Flight to Reference, or How Not to Make Progress
  	in the Philosophy of Science},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {65},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--49},
  topic = {metaphilosophy;reference;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ biso-etal:2000a,
  author = {Alessandro Biso and Francesca Rossi and Alessandro
         Sperduti},
  title = {Experimental Results on Learning Soft Constraints},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {435--444},
  topic = {machine-learning;experimentai-AI;preference-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bittel:1992a,
  author = {Oliver Bittel},
  title = {Tableau-Based Theorem Proving and Synthesis of
  	  {$\lambda$}-Terms in the Intuitionistic Logic},
  booktitle = {Logics in {AI}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  editor = {Samson Abramsky and Steven Vickers},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {633},
  series = {LNCS},
  pages = {262--278},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {theorem-proving;intuitionistic-logic;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ bittencourt:1989a,
  author = {Guilherme Bittencourt},
  title = {A Four-Valued Semantics for Inheritance with Exceptions},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Universit\"at Karlsruhe.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;multi-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ bittencourt:1990a,
  author = {Guilherme Bittencourt},
  title = {The {MANTRA} Reference Manual},
  institution = {Institut f\"ur {A}lgorithmen und {K}ognitive {S}ysteme,
  	{F}akult\"at f\"ur {I}nformatik, {U}niversit\"at {K}arlsruhe},
  number = {2/90},
  year = {1990},
  address = {D--7500 Karlsruhe 1},
  topic = {kr;hybrid-kr-architectures;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bittner:1985a,
  author = {Maria Bittner},
  title = {Quantification in {E}skimo: A Challenge for Compositional
  	Semantics},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {59--80},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;compositionality;Inuit-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bittner-hale:1985a,
  author = {Maria Bittner and Ken Hale},
  title = {Remarks on Definiteness in {W}alpiri},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {81--105},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;(in)definiteness;Australian-language;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bittner:1992a,
  author = {Maria Bittner},
  title = {Ergativity, Binding and Scope},
  year = {1992},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Rutgers University},
  topic = {ergativity;binding-theory;nl-quantifier-scope;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bittner:1993a,
  author = {Maria Bittner},
  title = {Cross-Linguistic Semantics},
  year = {1993},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, Rutgers
  	University.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;universal-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ bittner:1994a,
  author = {Maria Bittner},
  title = {Cross-Linguistic Semantics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--108},
  topic = {nl-semantics;universal-gramamr;}  
  } 

@article{ bittner-hale:1996a,
  author = {Maria Bittner and Ken Hale},
  title = {Ergativity: Towards a Theory of a Heterogeneous Class},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {27},
  number = {4},
  pages = {531--604},
  topic = {ergativity;}  
  } 

@article{ bittner:1998a,
  author = {Maria Bittner},
  title = {Cross-Linguistic Semantics for Questions},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--82},
  topic = {interrogatives;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ bittner:1999a,
  author = {Maria Bittner},
  title = {Concealed Causatives},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--78},
  topic = {causatives;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bittner:2002a,
  author = {Thomas Bittner},
  title = {Judgments about Spatio-Temporal Relations},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {521--532},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;spatial-reasoning;} 
  } 

@incollection{ bizzi-mussaivaldi:1989a,
  author = {E. Bizzi and F.A. Mussa-Ivaldi},
  title = {Geometrical and Mechanical Issues in Movement Planning and
  	Control},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {pages, A's First names.},
  topic = {motor-skills;motion-mechanics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bizzi-mussaivaldi:1990a,
  author = {E. Bizzi and F.A. Mussa-Ivaldi},
  title = {Muscle Properties and the Control of Arm Movements},
  booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science.  Volume
  	2: Visual Cognition and Action},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {213--242},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;motor-skills;}  
  } 

@book{ bjarkman-raskin:1986a,
  editor = {Peter C. Bjarkman and Victor Raskin},
  title = {The Real-World Linguist: Linguistic Applications in the
  	1980s},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {applications-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ blache:1998a,
  author = {Philippe Blache},
  title = {Parsing Ambiguous Structures using Controlled Disjunctions
  	and Unary Quasi-Trees},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {124--130},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;disambiguation;}  
 } 

@article{ blachowicz:1997a,
  author = {James Blachowicz},
  title = {Analog Representation beyond Mental Imagery},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {2},
  pages = {55--84},
  topic = {analog-digital;representation;}  
  } 

@book{ black_d-newing:1998a,
  author = {by Duncan Black and R.A. Newing},
  edition = {2},
  title = {The Theory of Committees and Elections},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Boston},
  ISBN = {0792381106},
  note = {Edited by Iain McLean, Alistair McMillan, and
    	Burt L. Monroe, with a foreword by Ronald H. Coase.},
  topic = {voting-theory;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ black_e-etal:1998a,
  author = {Ezra Black and Andrew Finch and Hideki Kashioka},
  title = {Trigger-Pair Predictors in Parsing and Tagging},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {131--137},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {trigger-pair-predictors;parsing-algorithms;
  	part-of-speech-tagging;}  
} 

@article{ black_m:1937a1,
   author = {Max Black},
   title = {Vagueness: an Exercise in Logical Analysis},
   journal = {Philosophy of Science},
   year = {1937},
   volume = {4},
   pages = {427--455},
   missinginfo = {Reprinted, with Reply to Hempel, in
   	black:1949a, pp. ???.},
   xref = {Republication of black_m:1937a1.},
   topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ black_m:1937a2,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Vagueness: An Exercise in Philosophical Analysis},
  booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {69--81},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication: black_m:1937a2.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@book{ black_m:1949a,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Language and Philosophy},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1949},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@article{ black_m:1954a1,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Metaphor},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian {S}ociety},
  year = {1954},
  volume = {55},
  pages = {273--294},
  xref = {Republication: black_m:1954a2.},
  topic = {metaphor;}  
  } 

@incollection{ black_m:1954a2,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Metaphor},
  booktitle = {Models and Metaphors},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Max Black},
  pages = {25--47},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  xref = {Original Publication: black_m:1954a1.},
  topic = {metaphor;}  
  } 

@article{ black_m:1955a1,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Why Cannot an Effect Precede Its Cause?},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1955},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {49--58},
  xref = {Republication: black_m:1955a2},
  topic = {causality;temporal-direction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ black_m:1955a2,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Can the Effect Precede the Cause?},
  booktitle = {Models and Metaphors},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Max Black},
  pages = {170--},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  xref = {Original Publication: black_m:1962a},
  topic = {causality;temporal-direction;}  
  } 

@article{ black_m:1958a1,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Language and Reality},
  journal = {Proceedings and Addresses of the {A}merican
  	{P}hilosophical {A}ssociation},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {5--17},
  xref = {Republication: black_m:1958a2},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ black_m:1958a2,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Language and Reality},
  booktitle = {Models and Metaphors},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Max Black},
  pages = {1--16},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  xref = {Original Publication: black_m:1962a},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@article{ black_m:1958b1,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Necessary Statements and Rules},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {313--341},
  xref = {Republication: black_m:1958b2},
  topic = {necessary-truth;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ black_m:1958b2,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Necessary Statements and Rules},
  booktitle = {Models and Metaphors},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Max Black},
  pages = {64--94},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  xref = {Original Publication: black_m:1958b1.},
  topic = {necessary-truth;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ black_m:1958c1,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {The Analysis of Rules},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {107--136},
  xref = {Republication: black_m:1958c2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;rule-following;}  
  } 

@incollection{ black_m:1958c2,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {The Analysis of Rules},
  booktitle = {Models and Metaphors},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Max Black},
  pages = {95--139},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  xref = {Original Publication: black_m:1958a1.},
  topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;rule-following;}  
  } 

@incollection{ black_m:1958d1,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Making Something Happen},
  booktitle = {Determinism and Freedom},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Sidney Hook},
  pages = {25--33},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  xref = {Republication: black_m:1958d2.},
  topic = {agency;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ black_m:1958d2,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Making Something Happen},
  booktitle = {Models and Metaphors},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Max Black},
  pages = {153--169},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  xref = {Republication of black_m:1958d1.},
  topic = {agency;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ black_m:1958e1,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Self-Supporting Inductive Arguments},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {55},
  pages = {718--725},
  xref = {Republication: black_m:1958e2.},
  topic = {induction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ black_m:1958e2,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Self-Supporting Inductive Arguments},
  booktitle = {Models and Metaphors},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Max Black},
  pages = {209--218},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  xref = {Original Publication: black_m:1958e1.},
  topic = {induction;}  
  } 

@article{ black_m:1959a1,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Can Induction be Vindicated},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1959},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {5--16},
  xref = {Republication: black_m:1959a2.},
  topic = {induction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ black_m:1959a2,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Can Induction be Vindicated?},
  booktitle = {Models and Metaphors},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Max Black},
  pages = {194--208},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  xref = {Original Publication: black_m:1959a1.},
  topic = {induction;}  
  } 

@article{ black_m:1959b1,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Linguistic Relativity: The  Views of {B}enjamin
    		{L}ee {W}horf},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1959},
  volume = {68},
  pages = {228--238},
  xref = {Republication: black_m:1959b2},
  topic = {linguistic-relativity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ black_m:1959b2,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Linguistic Relativity: The Views of {B}enjamin
    		{L}ee {W}horf},
  booktitle = {Models and Metaphors},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Max Black},
  pages = {244--257},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  xref = {Original Publication: black_m:1959b1.},
  topic = {linguistic-relativity;}  
  } 

@article{ black_m:1960a1,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Possibility},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {57},
  pages = {117--126},
  xref = {Republication: black_m:1960a2.},
  topic = {possibility;}  
  } 

@incollection{ black_m:1960a2,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Possibility},
  booktitle = {Models and Metaphors},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Max Black},
  pages = {140--152},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  xref = {Original Publication: black_m:1960a1.},
  topic = {possibility;}  
  } 

@book{ black_m:1962a,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Models and Metaphors},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1962},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Max Black, "Language and Reality", pp. 1--16
     2. Max Black, "Explanations of Meaning", pp. 17--24
     3. Max Black, "Metaphor", pp. 25--47
     4. Max Black, "Presupposition and Implication", pp. 48--63
     5. Max Black, "Necessary Statements and Rules", pp. 64--94
     6. Max Black, "The Analysis of Rules", pp. 95--139
     7. Max Black, "Possibility", pp. 140--152
     8. Max Black, "Making Something Happen", pp. 153--169
     9. Max Black, "Can the Effect Precede the Cause?", pp. 170--181
    10. Max Black, "The `Direction' of Time", pp. 182--193
    11. Max Black, "Can Induction be Vindicated?", pp. 194--208
    12. Max Black, "Self-Supporting Inductive Arguments", pp. 209--218
    13. Max Black, "Models and Archetypes", pp. 219--243
    14. Max Black, "Linguistic Relativity: The Views of {B}enjamin
    		{L}ee {W}horf", pp. 244--257
  } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ black_m:1962b,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Explanations of Meaning},
  booktitle = {Models and Metaphors},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Max Black},
  pages = {17--24},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ black_m:1962c,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Presupposition and Implication},
  booktitle = {Models and Metaphors},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Max Black},
  pages = {48--63},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  topic = {presupposition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ black_m:1962d,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {The `Direction' of Time},
  booktitle = {Models and Metaphors},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Max Black},
  pages = {182--193},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  topic = {temporal-direction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ black_m:1962n,
  author = {Max BlackMax Black},
  title = {Models and Archetypes},
  booktitle = {Models and Metaphors},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Max Black},
  pages = {219--243},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  topic = {philosophy-and-models;}  
  } 

@article{ black_m:1963a1,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Austin on Performatives},
  journal = {Philosophy},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {38},
  pages = {217--226},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Reprinted see black:1963a2.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ black_m:1963a2,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Austin on Performatives},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {401--411},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  xref = {Reprinted; see black:1963a1.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ black_m:1963b,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Reasoning with Loose Concepts},
  journal = {Dialogue},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1--12},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@book{ black_m:1968a,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {The Labyrinth of Language},
  publisher = {Mentor Books},
  year = {1968},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {vagueness;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ black_m:1970a,
  author = {Max Black},
  title = {Margins of Precision},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1970},
  address = {Ithaca, NY},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
 } 

@book{ black_wj-bunt:1997a,
  editor = {William J. Black and Harry Bunt},
  title = {Studies in Computational Pragmatics},
  publisher = {University College Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {London},
  topic = {pragmatics;discourse;nl-processing;}  
 } 

@techreport{ blackburn_p:1990a,
  author = {Patrick Blackburn},
  title = {Nominal Tense Logic},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--90--05},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ blackburn_p:1993a,
  author = {Patrick Blackburn},
  title = {Modal Logic and Attribute Value Structures},
  booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  editor = {Maarten de Rijke},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {19--65},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {modal-logic;feature-structures;}  
  } 

@article{ blackburn_p-spaan_e:1993a,
  author = {Patrick Blackburn and Edith Spaan},
  title = {A Modal Perspective on the Computational Complexity of
  	Attribute Value Grammar},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {129--169},
  topic = {complexity-theory;grammar-formalisms;feature-structures;}  
  } 

@article{ blackburn_p:1995a,
  author = {Patrick Blackburn},
  title = {Introduction: Static and Dynamic Aspects of Syntactic
  	Structure},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--4},
  topic = {logic;nl-syntax;foundations-of-grammar;grammar-logicism;
  	grammar-formalisms;}  
  } 

@article{ blackburn_p-seligman:1995a,
  author = {Patrick Blackburn and Jerry Seligman},
  title = {Hybrid Languages},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {251--272},
  topic = {modal-logic;modal-correspondence-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ blackburn_p-venema:1995b,
  author = {Patrick Blackburn and Yde Venema},
  title = {Dynamic Squares},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {5},
  pages = {469--523},
  contentnote = {This deals with dynamic implication; see
		groenendijk-stokhof:1991a.},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ blackburn_p:1997a,
  author = {Patrick Blackburn},
  title = {Review of {\it Meaning and Partiality}, by {R}einhard
  	{M}uskens},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {353--355},
  xref = {Review of muskens:1996b.},
  topic = {partial-logic;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ blackburn_p-derijke:1997a,
  author = {Patrick Blackburn and Maarten de Rijke},
  title = {Zooming In, Zooming Out},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--31},
  topic = {hybrid-modal-logics;modal-logics;logic-in-AI;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ blackburn_p-derijke:1997b,
  editor = {Patrick Blackburn and Maarten de Rijke},
  title = {Specifying Syntactic Structures},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {1575860856 (hc)},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Tore Burheim, "A Grammar Formalism and Cross-Serial Dependencies" 
     2. Jochen D\"orre and Suresh Manandhar, "On Constraint-Based
     		Lambek calculi"
     3. Marcus Kracht, "On Reducing Principles to Rules"
     4. Natasha Kurtonina and Michael Moortgat, "Structural Control"
     5. M. Andrew Moshier, "Featureless HPSG"
     6. James Rogers, "On Descriptive Complexity, language
     		complexity, and GB"
     7. Ralf Treinen, "Feature Trees over Arbitrary Structures"
     8. Gertjan van Noord and Gosse Bouma, "Dutch Verb Clustering
     		without Verb Clusters"
     9. J\"urgen Wedekind, "Approaches to Unification in Grammar: A
     		Brief Survey"    } ,
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ blackburn_p-etal:1997a,
  author = {Patrick Blackburn and Marc Dymetman and Alain Lecomte and
           Aarne Ranta and Christian Retor\'e and Eric Villemonte
		   de la Clergerie},
  title = {Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics:
		   an Introduction},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {1--20},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ blackburn_p-seligman:1998a,
  author = {Patrick Blackburn and Jerry Seligman},
  title = {What Are Hybrid Languages?},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {41--62},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ blackburn_p:1999a,
  author = {Patrick Blackburn},
  title = {Review of {\em Basic Model Theory}, by {K}ees {D}oes},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {258--261},
  xref = {Review of: doets:1996a},
  topic = {model-theory;logic-intro;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ blackburn_p-bos:1999a,
  author = {Patrick Blackburn and Johan Bos},
  title = {Representation and Inference in Natural Language:
  	A First Course in Computational Semantics.  Volume {II}:
	Working with Discourse Representations},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Available at http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/{\user}patrick},
  topic = {computational-semantics;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ blackburn_p-etal:1999a,
  author = {Patrick Blackburn and Johan Bos and Michael Kohlhase
		and H. de Neville},
  title = {Inference and Computational Semantics},
  booktitle = {Third International Workshop on Computational
		Semantics ({IWCS}--3)},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Harry Bunt and Elias Thijsse},
  pages = {5--21},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher, address},
  topic = {computational-semantics;cl-course;}  
  } 

@book{ blackburn_p-etal:2001a,
  author = {Patrick BLackburn and Maarten de Rijke and Yde Venema},
  title = {Modal Logic},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {modal-logic;} 
 } 

@article{ blackburn_p-marx:2002a,
  author = {Patrick Blackburn and Maarten Marx},
  title = {REmarks on {G}regory's `Actually' Operator},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {31},
  number = {3},
  pages = {281--288},
  topic = {modal-logic;actuality;} 
  } 

@book{ blackburn_s:1975b,
  editor = {Simon Blackburn},
  title = {Meaning, Reference and Necessity: New Studies
  	in Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521207207},
  topic = {semantics;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ blackburn_s:1975c,
  author = {Simon Blackburn},
  title = {The Identity of Propositions},
  booktitle = {Meaning, Reference and Necessity: New Studies
  	in Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Simon Blackburn},
  pages = {182--205},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {propositions;intensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ blackburn_s-code:1978a,
  author = {Simon Blackburn and Alan Code},
  title = {The Power of {R}ussell's Criticism of {F}rege:
  	`On Denoting' pp. 48--50},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  missinginfo = {pages = {65--}},
  topic = {on-denoting;Russell;definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@book{ blackburn_s:1980a,
  author = {Simon Blackburn},
  title = {Philosophical Logic},
  publisher = {Open University Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Milton Keynes},
  ISBN = {0335110207 (pbk.)},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ blackburn_s:1984a,
  author = {Simon Blackburn},
  title = {Spreading the Word: Groundings in the Philosophy of
  	Language},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198246501 paperback},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ blackburn_s:1993a,
  author = {Simon Blackburn},
  title = {Circles, Finks, Smells and Biconditionals},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {259--279},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {concept-grasping;nl-semantics-and-cognition;
  	perceptual-concepts;primary/secondary-qualities;}  
  } 

@incollection{ blackburn_s:1995a,
  author = {Simon Blackburn},
  title = {Theory, Observation, and Drama},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {274--290},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;
  	theory-theory-of-folk-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ blackburn_p-derijke:1997c,
  author = {Patrick Blackburn and Maarten de Rijke},
  title = {Why Combine Logics?},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--27},
  topic = {combining-logics;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@book{ blackburn_s:1998a,
  author = {Simon Blackburn},
  title = {Ruling Passions: A Theory of Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198247850},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ blackburn_s:1999a,
  author = {Simon Blackburn},
  title = {Review of {\it Mind, Language, and Society}, by
  	{J}ohn {R}. {S}earle},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {12},
  pages = {626--629},
  xref = {Review of searle:1998a},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ blackburn_s-simmons:1999a,
  editor = {Simon Blackburn and Keith Simmons},
  title = {Truth},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198752504},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. F.H. Bradley, "On truth and copying"
     2. H.H. Joachim, "The nature of truth"
     3. William James, "Pragmatism's conception of truth"
     4. Bertand Russell, "William James's conception of truth"
     5. Gottlob Frege, "The thought: a logical inquiry"
     6. F.P. Ramsey, "On facts and propositions"
     7. Ludwig Wittgenstein, "Philosophical extracts"
     8. Alfred Tarski, "The semantic conception of truth and the
     		foundations of semantics"
     9. W.V. Quine, "Philosophy of logic"
    10. J.L.  Austin, "Truth"
    11. P.F. Strawson, "Truth"
    12. J.L Austin, "Unfair to facts"
    13. Crispin Wright, "Truth: a traditional debate reviewed"
    14. Paul Horwich, "The minimalist conception of truth"
    15. Michael Dummett, "Of what kind of thing is truth a property?"
    16. Anil Gupta, "A critique of deflationism"
    17. Donald Davidson, "The folly of trying to define truth"
    18. Richard Rorty, "Pragmatism, Davidson, and truth"
    19. Hartry Field, "Deflationist views of meaning and content"
   } ,
  topic = {truth;}  
 } 

@article{ blackburn_wk:1983a,
  author = {William K. Blackburn},
  title = {Ambiguity and Non-Specificity: A Reply to {J}ay
  	{D}avid {A}tlas},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {479--498},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;presuppositon;ambiguity;}  
  } 

@book{ blackmore:1999a,
  author = {Susan Blackmore},
  title = {The Meme Machine},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-19 (hardback), 0-19 (paperback)},
  topic = {evolutionary-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ blair_d-maron:1985a,
  author = {David C. Blair and M.E. Maron},
  title = {An Evaluation of Retrieval Effectiveness for a Full-Text
  	Document-Retrieval System},
  journal = {Communications of the {ACM}},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {289--299},
  topic = {information-retrieval;}  
  } 

@article{ blair_g-etal:1989a,
  author = {Gordon Blair and John Gallagher and Javad Malik},
  title = {Genericity vs. Inheritance vs. Delegation vs. Conformance
  	vs. $\ldots$},
  journal = {Journal of Object-Oriented Programming},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {11--17},
  month = {September/October},
  missinginfo = {volume, number},
  topic = {distributed-systems;object-oriented-systems;}  
 } 

@article{ blair_ha-subramanian:1987a,
  author = {H.A. Blair and V.S. Subramanian},
  title = {Paraconsistent Logic Programming},
  journal = {Theoretical Computer Science},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {68},
  pages = {127--158},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {paraconsistency;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ blake-etal:1995a,
  author = {Andrew Blake and Michael Isard and David Reynard},
  title = {Learning to Track the Visual Motion of Contours},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {78},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {179--212},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A development of a method for tracking visual contours is
     described. Given an ``untrained'' tracker, a training motion of an
     object can be observed over some extended time and stored as an
     image sequence. The image sequence is used to learn parameters
     in a stochastic differential equation model. These are used, in
     turn, to build a tracker whose predictor imitates the motion in
     the training set. Tests show that the resulting trackers can be
     markedly tuned to desired curve shapes and classes of motions.},
  topic = {motion-tracking;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ blakemore:1987a,
  author = {Diane Blakemore},
  title = {Semantic Constraints on Relevance},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631156445},
  topic = {relevance;implicature;}  
 } 

@article{ blakemore:1987b,
  author = {Diane Blakemore},
  title = {Linguistic Constraints on Pragmatic Interpretation:
  	A Reassessment of Linguistic Semantics},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {712--713},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {pragmatics;semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ blakemore:1988a,
  author = {Diane Blakemore},
  title = {\,`So' as a Constraint on Relevance},
  booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and
  	Reality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Ruth Kempson},
  pages = {183--195},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {relevance-theory;discourse-cue-words;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ blakemore:1989a,
  author = {Diane Blakemore},
  title = {Denial and Contrast: A Relevance Theoretic Analysis
  	of `But'\, } ,
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {15--37},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;`but';relevance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ blakemore:1989b,
  author = {Diane Blakemore},
  title = {Review of {\it Meaning and Force: The Pragmatics of
  	Performative Utterances}, by {F}ran\c{c}ois {R}ecanti},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {235--245},
  topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@book{ blakemore:1990a,
  author = {Diane Blakemore},
  title = {Understanding Utterances: The Pragmatics of Natural
  	Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics-survey;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ blamey:1985a,
  author = {Stephen Blamey},
  title = {The Logical Analysis of Presupposition},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ blamey:1986a,
  author = {Stephen Blamey},
  title = {Partial Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}:
  	Alternatives to Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {1--70},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {partial-logic;truth-value-gaps;}  
 } 

@article{ blanchette:1996a,
  author = {Patricia A. Blanchette},
  title = {Frege and {H}ilbert on Consistency},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {93},
  number = {7},
  pages = {317--336},
  topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;history-of-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ blass-gurevich:2000a,
  author = {Andreas Blass and Yuri Gurevich},
  title = {The Logic of Choice},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1264--1310},
  topic = {abstract-state-machines;epsilon-operator;choice-constructs;}  
  } 

@article{ blass-etal:2002a,
  author = {Andreas Blass and Yuri Gurevich and Saharon Shelah},
  title = {On Polynomial Time Computation over Unordered Structures},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1093--1125},
  topic = {complexity-logics;} 
  } 

@article{ blattner:2001a,
  author = {William Blattner},
  title = {Review of {\it The Paradox of Subjectivity: The Self 
  	in the Transcendental Tradition}, by {D}avid {C}arr},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {3},
  pages = {454--456},
  xref = {Review of: carr_d:1999a.},
  topic = {idealism;Kant;Husserl;Heidegger;} 
  }

@book{ bloom:1996a,
  editor = {Paul Bloom},
  title = {Language and Space},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262024039},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Ray Jackendoff, "The Architecture of the Lingustic-Spatial
     		Interface"
     2. Manfred Bierwisch, "How Much Space Gets into Language"
     3. Willem J.M. Levelt, "Perspective Taking and Ellipsis in
     		Spatial Descriptions"
     4. Stephen C.  Levinson, "Frames of Reference and {M}olyneux's
     		Question: Crosslinguistic Evidence"
     5. Karen Emmorey, "The Confluence of Space and Language in Signed
     		Languages"
     6. Leonard Talmy, "Fictive Motion in Language and `Ception'\,"
     7. John O'Keefe, "The Spatial Prepositions in {E}nglish, Vector
     		Grammar, and the Cognitive Map Theory"
     8. Barbara Landau," Multiple geometric representations of
     		Objects in Languages and Language Learners"
     9. Jean M. Mandler, "Preverbal Representation and Language"
    10. Melissa Bowerman, " Learning How to Structure Space for
    		Language: A Crosslinguistic Perspective"
    11. Philip N. Johnson-Laird, "Space to Think"
    12. Barbara Tversky, " Spatial Perspective in Descriptions"
    13. Gordon D. Logan and Daniel D. Sadler, " A Computational
    		Analysis of the Apprehension of Spatial Relations"
    14. Tim Shallice, "The Language-to-Object Perception Interface: 
    		Evidence from Neuropsychology"
    15.  Mary A. Peterson and Lynn Nadel and Paul Bloom and Merrill
    		F. Garrett, "Space and language"  } ,
  topic = {spatial-language;} 
 } 

@incollection{ blau:1983a,
  author = {Ulrich Blau},
  title = {Three-Valued Analysis of Precise, Vague, and Presupposing
  	Quantifiers},
  booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal},
  pages = {79--129},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {vagueness;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ bledsoe:1970a,
  author = {W.W.  Bledsoe},
  title = {Splitting and Reduction Heuristics in Automatic
  	Theorem Proving},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {55--77},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ bledsoe-etal:1972a,
  author = {W.W.  Bledsoe and R.S.  Boyer and W.H. Henneman},
  title = {Computer Proofs of Limit Theorems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {27--60},
  topic = {theorem-proving;computer-assisted-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ bledsoe-bruell:1974a,
  author = {W.W. Bledsoe and Peter Bruell},
  title = {A Man-Machine Theorem-Proving System},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--72},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ bledsoe:1977a1,
  author = {W. W. Bledsoe},
  title = {Non-Resolution Theorem Proving},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {23--40},
  xref = {Republication: bledsoe:1977a2.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bledsoe:1977a2,
  author = {W. W. Bledsoe},
  title = {Non-Resolution Theorem Proving},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {91--108},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: bledsoe:1977a1.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ bledsoe-etal:1985a,
  author = {Woodrow W. Bledsoe and K. Kunen and R. Shostak},
  title = {Completeness Results for Inequality Provers},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {255--288},
  topic = {theorem-proving;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@book{ blevins_j-carter_j:1988a,
  editor = {J. Blevins and J. Carter},
  title = {{NELS 18}: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference of the
  	{N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  publisher = {GLSA Publications},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications:
  	http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.},
  topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ blevins_jp:1992a,
  author = {James P. Blevins},
  title = {The Linguistic relevance of Combinatory Grammars},
  year = {1992},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Western Australia.},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ blevins_jp:1995a,
  author = {James P. Blevins},
  title = {Syncretism and Paradigmatic Opposition},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {113--152},
  contentnote = {Discusses hierarchical organization of information in
  	the lexicon.},
  topic = {morphology;feature-structures;HPSG;}  
  } 

@incollection{ blin-miclet:2000a,
  author = {Laurent Blin and Laurent Miclet},
  title = {Generating Synthetic Speech Prosody with Lazy Learning in
  	Tree Structures},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {87--90},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;speech-generation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bloch:2000a,
  author = {Isabelle Bloch},
  title = {Spatial Representation of Spatial Relationship
         Knowledge},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {247--258},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;spatial-representation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ block:1986a,
  author = {Ned Block},
  title = {Advertisement for a Semantics for Psychology},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {615--678},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;cognitive-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ block:1987a,
  author = {Ned Block},
  title = {Functional Role and Truth Conditions},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {61},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {157--181},
  topic = {conceptual-role-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ block:1997a,
  author = {Ned Block},
  title = {Anti-Reductionism Slaps Back},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {107--132},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ block-etal:1997a,
  editor = {Ned Block and Owen Flanagan and G\"uven G\"uzeldere},
  title = {The Nature of Consciousness},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {consciousness;}  
 } 

@article{ block-stalnaker:1999a,
  author = {Ned Block and Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Conceptual Analysis, Dualism, and the Explanatory Gap},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {108},
  number = {1},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {a-priori;}  
  } 

@article{ blockeel-deraedt:1998a,
  author = {Hendrik Blockeel and Luc De Raedt},
  title = {Top-Down Induction of First-Order Logical Decision
  	Trees},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {101},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {285--297},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A first-order framework for top-down induction of logical
     decision trees is introduced. The expressivity of these trees is
     shown to be larger than that of the flat logic programs which
     are typically induced by classical ILP systems, and equal to
     that of first-order decision lists. These results are related to
     predicate invention and mixed variable quantification. Finally,
     an implementation of this framework, the TILDE system, is
     presented and empirically evaluated.},
  topic = {machine-learning;structure-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ blok:1991a,
  author = {Peter Blok},
  title = {Focus and Presupposition},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {149--165},
  topic = {sentence-focus;presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ blok:1991b,
  author = {Peter Blok},
  title = {On Rooth's Analysis of Heavy Stress},
  booktitle = {Language and Cognition 1},
  publisher = {University of Groningen},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {M. Kas and Eric Reuland and C. Vet},
  pages = {19--37},
  address = {Groningen},
  contentnote = {Referenced in Blok:1993a.},
  topic = {sentence-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ blok:1993a,
  author = {Peter Blok},
  title = {The Interpretation of Focus: An Epistemic Approach to
  	Pragmatics},
  school = {Rijksuniversiteit Groningen},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Groningen, Holland},
  topic = {sentence-focus;epistemic-logic;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ bloom:1994a,
  editor = {Paul Bloom},
  title = {Language Acquisition: Core Readings},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Paul Bloom, "language acquisitions"
	2. Paul Bloom, "Overview: controversies in
            language acquisition"
	3. Anne Fernald, "Human maternal vocalizations to infants as
            biologically relevant signals : an evolutionary perspective"
	4. Laura Ann Petitto, "Modularity and constraints in early
	    lexical acquisition : evidence from children's early language
	    and gesture"
	5. Dare A. Baldwin, "Infant contributions to the
            achievement of joint reference"
	6. Ellen M. Markman, Lila Gleitman, Janellen Huttenlocher and
		Patricia Smiley,
	7. Janellen Huttenlocher and Patricia Smiley, "Constraints
		children place on word "Early word meanings : the
		case of object names"meanings"
        8. Eve V. Clark and Kathie L. Carpenter, "The notion of
		source in language acquisition"
        9. Jess Gropen et al, "Affectedness and direct
            objects : the role of lexical semantics in the
	    acquisition of verb argument structure"
       10. Melissa Bowerman, "Learning a semantic system : what role
		do cognitive predispositions play?"
       11. Stephen Crain, "Language acquisition in the absence of
       		experience"
       12. Richard F. Cromer, "Language growth with experience
       		without feedback"
       13. D.E. Rumelhart and J.L. McClelland, "On learning the past
       		tenses of English verbs"
       14. Steven Pinker, "Rules of language"
       15. Peter Gordon, "Level-ordering in
            lexical development"
       16. Susan Goldin-Meadow and Carolyn Mylander, "Beyond the
       	    input given: the child's role in the acquisition of
	    language"
       17. Elissa L. Newport, "Maturational constraints on language learning"
       16. Annette Karmiloff-Smith, "Innate
            constraints and developmental change"
       16. Peter Marler, "The instinct to learn"
   } ,
  topic = {L1-acquisition;}  
 } 

@book{ bloom:1996b,
  editor = {Paul Bloom},
  title = {Language and Space},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262024039},
  topic = {spatial-semantics;spatial-language;}  
 } 

@book{ bloomfield:1914a,
  author = {Leonard Bloomfield},
  title = {An Introduction to the Study of Language},
  publisher = {H. Holt and Company},
  year = {1914},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {UMich Graduate Library 800 B65},
  xref = {Revision: bloomfield:1933a.},
  topic = {linguistics-classics;}  
 } 

@book{ bloomfield:1933a,
  author = {Leonard Bloomfield},
  title = {Language},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston},
  year = {1933},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Revision of: bloomfield:1914a.},
  topic = {linguistics-classics;}  
 } 

@article{ blue:1981a,
  author = {N.A. Blue},
  title = {A Metalinguistic Interpretation of Counterfactual
  	Conditionals},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {179--200},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ blum-furst:1997a,
  author = {Avrim L. Blum and Merrick L. Furst},
  title = {Fast Planning through Planning Graph Analysis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {90},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {281--300},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We introduce a new approach to planning in STRIPS-like domains
     based on constructing and analyzing a compact structure we call
     a planning graph. We describe a new planner, Graphplan, that
     uses this paradigm. Graphplan always returns a shortest possible
     partial-order plan, or states that no valid plan exists.
      We provide empirical evidence in favor of this approach,
     showing that Graphplan outperforms the total-order planner,
     Prodigy, and the partial-order planner, UCPOP, on a variety of
     interesting natural and artificial planning problems. We also
     give empirical evidence that the plans produced by Graphplan are
     quite sensible.  Since searches made by this approach are
     fundamentally different from the searches of other common
     planning methods, they provide a new perspective on the planning
     problem.},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;graph-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ blum-langley:1997a,
  author = {Arvin L. Blum and Pat Langley},
  title = {Selection of Relevant Features and Examples in Machine
		Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {97},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {245--271},
  topic = {relevance;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ blumenthal-porter:1994a,
  author = {Brad Blumenthal and Bruce W. Porter},
  title = {Analysis and Empirical Studies of Derivational Analogy},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {67},
  number = {2},
  pages = {287--327},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Derivational analogy is a technique for reusing problem solving
     experience to improve problem solving performance. This research
     addresses an issue common to all problem solvers that use
     derivational analogy: overcoming the mismatches between past
     experiences and new problems that impede reuse.  First, this
     research describes the variety of mismatches that can arise and
     proposes a new approach to derivational analogy that uses
     appropriate adaptation strategies for each. Second, it compares
     this approach with seven others in a common domain. This
     empirical study shows that derivational analogy is almost always
     more efficient than problem solving from scratch, but the amount
     it contributes depends on its ability to overcome mismatches and
     to usefully interleave reuse with from-scratch problem solving.
     Finally, this research describes a fundamental tradeoff between
     efficiency and solution quality, and proposes a derivational
     analogy algorithm that can improve its adaptation strategy with
     experience.},
  topic = {analogy;case-based-reasoning;problem-solving;
  	analogical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ blutner:1995a,
  author = {Reinhard Blutner},
  title = {{\em Normality} in Update Semantics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {19--36},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ blutner:2002a,
  author = {Reinhard Blutner},
  title = {Review of {\it Learnability in Optimality Theory}, by 
  	{B}ruce {T}esar and {P}aul {S}molensky},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--70},
  xref = {Review of: tesar-smolensky:2000a.},
  topic = {grammar-learning;optimality-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ blythe:1995a,
  author = {Jim Blythe},
  title = {{AI} Planning in Dynamic, Uncertain Domains},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.},
  missinginfo = {Year is Guess.  Published in some AI conference.
  	Which one?},
  topic = {planning;}  
  } 

@article{ blythe:1999a,
  author = {Jim Blythe},
  title = {Decision-Theoretic Planning},
  journal = {{AI} Magazine},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  missinginfo = {pages, number},
  topic = {decision-theoretic-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ bo-kambhampati:2001a,
  author = {Minh Binh Bo and Subbaro Kambhampati},
  title = {Planning as Constraint Satisfaction: Solving the Planning
  	Graph by Compiling It into {CSP}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {132},
  number = {2},
  pages = {151--182},
  topic = {planning;constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ board:1998a,
  author = {Oliver J. Board},
  title = {Belief Revision and Rationalizability},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  missinginfo = {pages   pages = {201--}},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@book{ bobrow-collins_a:1975a,
  editor = {Daniel G. Bobrow and Allan Collins},
  title = {Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive
  	Science},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0121085503},
  topic = {cognitive-science;}  
 } 

@article{ bobrow-winograd:1977a1,
  author = {Daniel G. Bobrow and Terry Winograd},
  title = {An Overview of {KRL}, a Knowledge Representation Language},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {3--46},
  xref = {Republished in Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque;
  	Readings in Knowledge Representation.  See bobrow-winograd:1977a2.},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {kr;frames;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bobrow-winograd:1977a2,
  author = {Daniel G. Bobrow and Terry Winograd},
  title = {An Overview of {KRL}, a Knowledge Representation Language},
  booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  pages = {263--286},
  xref = {Originally published in Cognitive Science; 1; 1977.
  	See bobrow-winograd:1977a1.},
  topic = {kr;frames;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ bobrow:1984a,
  author = {Daniel G. Bobrow},
  title = {Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems: An
  	Introduction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {1--5},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ bobrow:1985a,
  editor = {Daniel G. Bobrow},
  title = {Qualitative Reasoning About Physical Systems},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262521008 (pbk.)},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ bobrow-hayes_pj1:1985a,
  author = {Daniel G. Bobrow and Patrick J. Hayes},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence---Where Are We?},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {25},
  number = {3},
  pages = {375--415},
  topic = {AI-survey;AI-editorial;}  
  } 

@article{ bobrow:1993a,
  author = {Daniel G. Bobrow},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence in Perspective: A Retrospective
  	on Fifty Volumes of the {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence {J}ournal},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {5--20},
  topic = {AI-general;history-of-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ bobrow-brady:1998a,
  author = {Daniel Bobrow and Brady},
  title = {Editorial},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {100},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {1--3},
  topic = {AI-editorial;}  
  } 

@article{ bobrow-brady:1998b,
  author = {Daniel J. Bobrow and J. Michael Brady},
  title = {Aritificial Intelligence 40 Years After},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--4},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
  } 

@article{ bochman:2002a,
  author = {Alexander Bochman},
  title = {Entrenchment Versus Dependence: Coherence and Foundations
  	in Belief Change},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--27},
  topic = {belief-revision;} 
  } 

@incollection{ bochman_a:1994a,
  author = {Alexander Bochman},
  title = {On the Relation Between Default and Modal Consequence
  	Relations},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {63--74},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;default-logic;modal-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bochman_a:1995a,
  author = {Alexander Bochman},
  title = {On Bimodal Nonmonotonic Logics and Their Unimodal and
  	Nonmodal Equivalents},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1518--1524},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;negation-as-failure;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bochman_a:1996a,
  author = {Alexander Bochman},
  title = {Biconsequence Relations for Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {482--492},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;4-valued-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;negation-as-failure;
		bilattices;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ bochman_a:1998a,
  author = {Alexander Bochman},
  title = {Review of {\em If $P$ then $Q$}, by {D}avid {H}. {S}anford},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {237--250},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ bochman_a:1998b,
  author = {Alexander Bochman},
  title = {On the Relation between Default and Modal Nonmonotonic
  	Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {101},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--34},
  topic = {default-logic;modal-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;
  	autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ bochman_a:1999a,
  author = {Alexander Bochman},
  title = {A Foundational Theory of Belief and Belief Change},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {108},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {309--352},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ bochman_a:2000a,
  author = {Alexander Bochman},
  title = {A Foundationalist View of the {AGM} Theory of Belief
  	Change},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {116},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {237--263},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ bochman_a:2000b,
  author = {Alexander Bochman},
  title = {Belief Contraction as Nonmonotonic Inference},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {2},
  pages = {605--626},
  topic = {belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bochman_g-gecsei:1977a,
  author = {G.V. Bochman and J. Gecsei},
  title = {A Unified Method for the Specification and Verification of
  	Protocols},
  booktitle = {Information Processing 77},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {B. Gilchrist},
  pages = {229--234},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {distributed-systems;communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bochvar:1994a,
  author = {D.A. Bochvar},
  title = {Some Aspects of the Investigation of Reification
  	Paradoxes},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {229--238},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {multi-valued-logic;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@book{ bod:1998a,
  author = {Rens Bod},
  title = {Beyond Grammar: An Experience-Based Theory of
		Language},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Stanford University},
  xref = {review:collins_m:1999a.},
  topic = {statistical-parsing;TAG-grammar;nlp-algorithms;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ bod:1998b,
  author = {Rens Bod},
  title = {Spoken Dialogue Interpretation with the {DOP} Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {138--144},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {discourse-interpretation;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ bod-kaplan_r:1998a,
  author = {Rens Bod and Ronald Kaplan},
  title = {A Probabilistic Corpus-Driven Model for Lexical-Functional
  	Analysis},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  missinginfo = {pages = {145--}},
  topic = {LFG;data-oriented-parsing;statistical-parsing;}  
} 

@book{ bod:1999a,
  author = {Rens Bod},
  title = {Beyond Grammar---An Experience-Based Theory of Language},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {Paperback ISBN 1-57586-150-x $19.95
  	Hardcover ISBN 1-57586-151-8 $59.95},
  topic = {foundations-of-grammar;corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@techreport{ boddy:1989a,
  author = {Mark Boddy and Thomas Dean},
  title = {Solving Time-Dependent Planning Problems},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, Brown University},
  number = {CS--89--03},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Providence, Rhode Island},
  note = {planning;temporal-reasoning},
  topic = {planning;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ boddy-dean:1994a,
  author = {Mark Boddy and Thomas L. Dean},
  title = {Deliberation Scheduling for Problem Solving in
  	Time-Constrained Environments},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {67},
  number = {2},
  pages = {245--285},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We are interested in the problem faced by an agent with limited
     computational capabilities, embedded in a complex environment
     with other agents and processes not under its control. Careful
     management of computational resources is important for complex
     problem-solving tasks in which the time spent in decision making
     affects the quality of the responses generated by a system. This
     paper describes an approach to designing systems that are
     capable of taking their own computational resources into
     consideration during planning and problem solving. In
     particular, we address the design of systems that manage their
     computational resources by using expectations about the
     performance of decision-making procedures and preferences over
     the outcomes resulting from applying those procedures. Our
     approach is called deliberation scheduling.  Deliberation
     scheduling involves the explicit allocation of computational
     resources to decision-making procedures based on the expected
     effect of those allocations on the system's performance.},
  topic = {limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@article{ boddy-etal:forthcominga,
  author = {Mark Boddy and Robert P. Goldman and Keiji Kanazawa and
  	Lynn A. Stein},
  title = {Investigations of Model-Preference Defaults},
  journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae},
  missinginfo = {volume, number, year, pages},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;}  
  } 

@article{ bode-etal:2001a,
  author = {M. Bode and O. Freyd and J. Fischer and F.-J.
  	Niedernostheide and H.-J. Schulze},
  title = {Hybrid Hardware for a Highly Parallel Search in the
  	Context of Learning Classifiers},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {130},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--84},
  topic = {machine-learning;parallel-processing;search;}  
  } 

@book{ boden:1977a,
  author = {Margaret A. Boden},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and Natural Man},
  publisher = {Harvester Press},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Brighton},
  missinginfo = {Check topic.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ boden:1981a,
  author = {Margaret A. Boden},
  title = {Minds and Mechanisms: Philosophical Psychology and
    Computational Models},
  publisher = {Harvester Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Brighton},
  ISBN = {0710800053},
  topic = {philosophical-psychology;foundations-of-cogsci;}  
 } 

@incollection{ boden:1984a,
  author = {Margaret Boden},
  title = {Methodological Links between {AI} and
    		Other Disciplines},
  booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects
  	of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Steve B. Torrance},
  pages = {125--132},
  address = {Chichester},
  xref = {Original pulication in machlup-mansfield:1984a.},
  topic = {philosophy-and-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ boden:1988a,
  author = {Margaret A. Boden},
  title = {Computer Models of Mind: Computational Approaches In
    Theoretical Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052124868X},
  topic = {foundations-of-cogsci;}  
 } 

@book{ boden:1990a,
  author = {Margaret A. Boden},
  title = {The Creative Mind: Myths and Mechanisms},
  publisher = {Basic Books},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0465014526},
  xref = {Reviews: haase:1995a,lustig:1995a,perkins:1995a,
  	ram-etal:1995a,schank-foster:1995a,turner_sr:1995a.},
  topic = {creativity;}  
 } 

@book{ boden:1990b,
  editor = {Margaret A. Boden},
  title = {The Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198248555},
  topic = {philosophy-of-AI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ boden:1993a,
  author = {Margaret A. Boden},
  title = {The Impact of Philosophy},
  booktitle = {The Simulation of Human Intelligence},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Donald Broadbent},
  pages = {178--197},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ boden:1994a,
  editor = {Margaret A. Boden},
  title = {Dimensions of Creativity},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262023687},
  topic = {creativity;}  
 } 

@article{ boden:1994b,
  author = {Margaret A. Boden},
  title = {New Breakthroughs or Dead-Ends?},
  journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A:
  	Physical Sciences and Engineering},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {349},
  number = {1689},
  pages = {1--13},
  note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;cognitive-architectures;}  
  } 

@book{ boden-etal:1994b,
  editor = {Margaret A. Boden and Alan Bundy and Roger M. Needham},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and the Mind: New Breakthroughs or
	Deadends?},
  publisher = {Royal Society of London},
  year = {1994},
  address = {London},
  note = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A:
  	Physical Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 349, No. 1689.
	Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html.},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Margaret A. Boden, "New Breakthroughs or Dead-Ends?", pp. 1--13
     2. Michael Brady and Huosheng Hu, "The Mind of a Robot", pp. 15--28
     3. Bonnie Webber and M. Brady, "The Mind of Robot: Discussion", p. 28
     4. J.C.T. Hallam and C.A. Malcolm, "Behaviour: Perception,
     		Action and Intelligence---The View from Situated
		Robotics", pp.  29--42
     5. D. Partridge and J. C. T. Hallam and M. Brady and
     		R. Hudson, "Behaviour: Perception, Action and
		Intelligence---The View from Situated Robotics:
		Discussion", p. 42
     6. Aaron Sloman, "Semantics in an Intelligent Control
     		System", pp. 43--57
     7. A. Prescott and A. Sloman and N. Shadbolt and M.
     		Steedman, "Semantics in an Intelligent Control
		System: Discussion", pp. 57--58
     8. Fred Dretske, "The Explanatory Role of Information", pp. 59--69
     9. Alan Bundy, "A Subsumption Architecture for Theorem
     		Proving?", pp. 71--84
    10. D. Dennett, A. Bundy, M. Sharples, M. Brady, D. Partridge, "A
    		Subsumption Architecture for Theorem Proving?:
		Discussion", pp.  84--85
    11. David Willshaw, "Non-Symbolic Approaches to Artificial
    		Intelligence and the Mind", pp. 87--101
    12. D. Dennett, D. Willshaw, D. Partridge, "Non-Symbolic
    		Approaches to Artificial Intelligence and the Mind:
		Discussion", pp.  101--102
    13. H. Christopher Longuet-Higgins, "Artificial Intelligence and
    		Musical Cognition", pp. 103--112
    14. B. Webber, C. Longuet-Higgins, W. Cameron, A. Bundy, R.
    		Hudson, L. Hudson, J. Ziman, A. Sloman, M. Sharples,
		D. Dennett, "Artificial Intelligence and Musical
		Cognition: Discussion", pp.  112--113
    15. Mark Steedman, "The Well-Tempered Computer", pp. 115--130
    16. T. N. Rutherford, M. Steedman, T. Addis, R. Cahn, B. Larvor,
    		E. Clarke, "The Well-Tempered Computer: Discussion",
		pp. 130--131
    17. Daniel C. Dennett, "The Practical Requirements for Making a
    		Conscious Robot", pp. 133--146
    18. F. Dretske, D. C. Dennett, S. Shurville, A. Clark, I. Aleksander,
          J. Cornwell, "The Practical Requirements for Making a
	  Conscious Robot: Discussion", p. 146
    19. J. R. Lucas, "A View of One's Own", pp. 147--152
    20. M. Elton, J. R. Lucas, A. Sloman, "A View of One's Own:
    	Discussion", p. 152
    21. Bruce G. Buchanan, "The Role of Experimentation in Artificial
    	Intelligence", pp. 153--165
    22. H. Hendriks-Jansen, B. G. Buchanan. I, T. Addis, "The Role of
    	Experimentation in Artificial Intelligence:
	Discussion", pp.  165--166
  } ,
  topic = {philosophy-AI;AI-and-music;}  
 } 

@article{ boden:1995a,
  author = {Margaret A. Boden},
  title = {{AI}'s Half-Century},
  journal = {{AI} Magazine},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {16},
  number = {4},
  pages = {96--99},
  topic = {AI-survey;philosophy-of-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ boden:1996a,
  editor = {Margaret A. Boden},
  title = {The Philosophy of Artificial Life},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198751559 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {artificial-life;}  
 } 

@article{ boden:1998a,
  author = {Margaret A. Boden},
  title = {Creativity and Artificial Intelligence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {347--356},
  topic = {creativity;scientific-discovery;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bodington-elleby:1988a,
  author = {Rob Bodington and Peter Elleby},
  title = {Justification and Assumption-Based Truth Maintenance
  	Systems: When and How to Use Them for Constraint Satisfaction},
  booktitle = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Barbara Smith and Gerald Kelleher},
  pages = {114--133},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@mastersthesis{ bodkin:1992a,
  author = {Ronald J. Bodkin},
  title = {Extending Computational Game Theory: Simultaneity, Multiple
 	Agents, Chance and Metareasoning},
  school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {concurrence;game-theory;metareasoning;}  
} 

@book{ bodnar-etal:1988a,
  editor = {Istv\'an Bodn\'ar and Andr\'as M\'at\'e and L\'aszl\'o P\'olos},
  title = {Intentional Logic, History of Philosophy and Methodology},
  publisher = {K\'ezirat Gyan\'ant},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Budapest},
  ISBN = {963462255 0},
  topic = {modal-logic;history-of-philosophy;}  
 } 

@incollection{ boella-etal:2000a,
  author = {Guido Boella and Rossana Damiano and Leonardo Lesmo},
  title = {Social Goals in Conversational Cooperation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  pages = {84--93},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;cooperation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ boella-lesmo:2001a,
  author = {Guido Boella and Leonardo Lesmo},
  title = {An Approach to Anaphora Based on Mental Models},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {413--416},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;anaphora;mental-models;}  
  } 

@article{ boer-lycan:1973a,
  author = {Steven E. Bo\"er and William G. Lycan},
  title = {Invited Inferences and Other Unwelcome Guests},
  journal = {Papers in Linguistics},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {453--506},
  topic = {implicature;speaker-meaning;}  
  } 

@article{ boer:1978b,
  author = {Steven Bo\"er},
  title = {\,`Who' and `Whether':  Towards a Theory of Indirect
  	Question Clauses},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {307--345},
  topic = {nl-semnatics;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@book{ boer-lycan:1978a,
  author = {Steven E. Bo\"er and William G. Lycan},
  title = {The Myth of Semantic Presupposition},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1978},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Indiana University, Bloomington,
  	Indiana 46405},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ boer-edelstein:1979a,
  author = {Steven E. Boer and Roy Edelstein},
  title = {Some Numerical Constructions in {E}nglish},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {261--288},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;plural;}  
  } 

@article{ boer:1980a,
  author = {Steven E. Bo\"er},
  title = {Review of {\it Ways of Meaning}, by {M}ark {P}latts},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {141--156},
  xref = {Review of platts:1979a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ boer-lycan:1980a,
  author = {Steven E. Bo\"er and William G. Lycan},
  title = {A Performadox in Truth-Conditional Semantics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {71--100},
  topic = {performative-analysis;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ boer-lycan:1986a,
  author = {Steven E. Bo\"er and William G. Lycan},
  title = {Knowing Who},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: sterelny:1984a.},
  topic = {knowing-who;}  
 } 

@incollection{ boer:1989a,
  author = {Steven E. Boer},
  title = {Neo-{F}regean Thoughts},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {187--224},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;individual-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ boer:1994a,
  author = {Steven E. Bo\"er},
  title = {Review of {\it Talk about Beliefs}, by
  	{M}ark {C}rimmins},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {103},
  number = {2},
  pages = {362--364},
  xref = {Review of crimmins:1992a.},
  topic = {belief;}  
  } 

@article{ boettcher-percus:2000a,
  author = {Stefan Boettcher and Allon Percus},
  title = {Nature's Way of Optimizing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {119},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {275--286},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We propose a general-purpose method for finding high-quality
     solutions to hard optimization problems, inspired by
     self-organizing processes often found in nature. The method,
     called Extremal Optimization, successively eliminates extremely
     undesirable components of sub-optimal solutions.  Drawing upon
     models used to simulate far-from-equilibrium dynamics, it
     complements approximation methods inspired by equilibrium
     statistical physics, such as Simulated Annealing. With only one
     adjustable parameter, its performance proves competitive with,
     and often superior to, more elaborate stochastic optimization
     procedures.  We demonstrate it here on two classic hard
     optimization problems: graph partitioning and the traveling
     salesman problem.
  } ,
  topic = {optimization;search;AI-algorithms;simulated-annealing;}  
  } 

@book{ bogart:2000a,
  author = {Kenneth P. Bogart},
  title = {Introductory Combinatorics},
  edition = {3},
  publisher = {Harcourt Science and Technology},
  year = {2000},
  address = {San Diego},
  ISBN = {0121108309},
  topic = {combinatorics;}  
 } 

@book{ bogdan:1997a,
  author = {Radu J. Bogdan},
  title = {Interpreting Minds},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  contentnote = {Evolutionary theory of other-modeling.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@incollection{ boghossian:1994a,
  author = {Paul A. Boghossian},
  title = {The Transparency of Mental Content},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {33--50},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {internalism/externalism;twin-earth;}  
  } 

@book{ boguraev:1989a,
  author = {Branimir Boguraev and Ted Briscoe},
  title = {Computational Lexicography for Natural Language
  	Processing},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1989},
  address = {London},
  topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;machine-translation;
  	computational-lexicography;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ boguraev-pustejovsky:1990a,
  author = {Branamir Boguraev and James Pustejovsky},
  title = {Lexical Ambiguity and the Role of Knowledge Representation
  	in Lexicon Design},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference
  	on Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {36--42},
  missinginfo = {editor, organization, publisher, address},
  topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;computational-lexicography;}  
 } 

@incollection{ boguraev:1993a,
  author = {Branamir Boguraev},
  title = {The Contribution of Computational Lexicography},
  booktitle = {Challenges in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Madeleine Bates and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {99--132},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;computational-lexicography;
  	transitivity-alternations;}  
  } 

@incollection{ boguraev:1994a,
  author = {Branamir Boguraev},
  title = {Machine-Readable Dictionaries and Computational
    		Linguistics Research},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {119--154},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;machine-readable-dictionaries;}  
  } 

@article{ bohanan:1966a1,
  author = {Laura Bohanan},
  title = {Shakespeare in the Bush},
  journal = {Natural History Magazine},
  year = {1966},
  month = {August/September},
  missinginfo = {volume, number, pages},
  xref = {Republication: bohanan:1966a2.},
  topic = {cultural-anthropology;literary-interpretation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bohanan:1966a2,
  author = {Laura Bohanan},
  title = {Shakespeare in the Bush},
  booktitle = {Anthropology: Contemporary Perspectives},
  publisher = {Little, Brown and Company},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Phillip Whitten and David {E.K. Hunter}},
  chapter = {22},
  pages = {149--153},
  address = {Boston},
  xref = {Original publication: bohanan:1966a1.},
  topic = {cultural-anthropology;literary-interpretation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bohlin-etal:1999a,
  author = {Peter Bohlin and Robin Cooper and Elizabet Engdahl and
		Staffan Larsson},
  title = {Information States and Dialogue Move Engines},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jan Alexandersson},
  pages = {25--31},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@article{ bojadziev:1995a,
  author = {Damjan Bojad\v{z}iev},
  title = {Sloman's view of Gšdel's sentence } ,
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {74},
  number = {2},
  pages = {389--393},
  topic = {goedels-first-theorem;foundations-of-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ bojadziev-gams:1998a,
  author = {Damjan Bojad\v{z}iev and Matja\v{z} Gams},
  title = {Addendum to `{S}loman's View of {G}\"odel's
		Sentence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {98},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {363--365},
  topic = {goedels-first-theorem;foundations-of-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ bok:1998a,
  author = {Hilary Bok},
  title = {Freedom and Responsibility},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  topic = {freedom;volition;blameworthiness;}  
 } 

@incollection{ boldini:1997a,
  author = {Pascal Boldini},
  title = {Vagueness and Type Theory},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {134--148},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;vagueness;
		higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ boley:1977a,
  author = {Harold Boley},
  title = {Directed Recursive Labelnode Hypergraphs: A New
  	Representation-Language},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49--85},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Directed recursive labelnode hypergraphs (DR\underline{L}Hs)
     are defined as a new representation-language combining 3
     generalizations of directed labeled graphs.
     DR\underline{L}Hs are shown to overcome certain difficulties
     of conventional representation-languages and to be capable of
     specializing to them.  The analysis of natural language strings
     into DR\underline{L}Hs and their processing is done with
     pattern-matching rules.},
  topic = {kr;graph-based-representations;semantic-nets;}  
  } 

@incollection{ boley:1992a,
  author = {Harold Boley},
  title = {Declarative Operations on Nets},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {601--637},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ bolinger:1961a,
  author = {Dwight Bolinger},
  title = {Generality, Gradience, and the All-Or-None.},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1962},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {prosody;phonetics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bolinger:1967a,
  author = {Dwight Bolinger},
  title = {The Imperative In {E}nglish},
  booktitle = {To Honour {R}oman {J}akobson: Essays on the Occasion of
  	His Seventieth Birthday},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1967},
  editor = {Morris Halle and H.G. Lunt and H. McLean},
  pages = {335--362},
  address = {The Hague},
  note = {Janua Linguarum, Ser. Major 31.},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name},
  topic = {imperatives;}  
  } 

@article{ bolinger:1967b,
  author = {Dwight Bolinger},
  title = {Adjectives in {E}nglish: Attribution and Predication},
  journal = {Lingua},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {1--34},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {adjectives;semantics-of-adjectives;}  
  } 

@book{ bolinger:1968a,
  author = {Dwight Bolinger},
  title = {Aspects of Language},
  publisher = {Harcourt, Brace \& World},
  year = {1968},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
 } 

@book{ bolinger:1971a,
  author = {Dwight Bolinger},
  title = {The Phrasal Verb in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Harvard Univesity Press},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ bolinger:1972a,
  author = {Dwight Bolinger},
  title = {That's That},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1972},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {semantics-of-adjectives;vagueness;}  
 } 

@book{ bolinger:1972b,
  author = {Dwight Bolinger},
  title = {Degree Words},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1972},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {semantics-of-adjectives;vagueness;}  
 } 

@book{ bolinger:1977a,
  author = {Dwight Bolinger},
  title = {Pronouns and Repeated Nouns},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {pronouns;anaphora;}  
 } 

@book{ bolinger:1977b,
  author = {Dwight Bolinger},
  title = {Meaning and Form},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1977},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ bolinger:1977c,
  author = {Dwight Bolinger},
  title = {Neutrality, Norm, and Bias},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bolinger:1978a,
  author = {Dwight Bolinger},
  title = {Yes--No Questions Are Not Alternative Questions},
  booktitle = {Questions},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Henry Hi\.z},
  pages = {87--105},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bolinger:1978b,
  author = {Dwight Bolinger},
  title = {Asking More Than One Thing at a Time},
  booktitle = {Questions},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Henry Hi\.z},
  pages = {107--150},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
  } 

@book{ bolinger:1980a,
  author = {Dwight Bolinger},
  title = {Language: The Loaded Weapon: the Use and Abuse of Language
  	Today},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1980},
  address = {London},
  topic = {sociolinguistics;rhetoric;}  
 } 

@book{ bolinger:1986a,
  author = {Dwight Bolinger},
  title = {Intonation and Its Uses: Melody in Spoken {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Stanford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Stanford},
  contentnote = {TC:
  		Part I:   Introduction
  		Part II:  Accentual Prosody
  		Part III: Melodic Prosody
  } ,
  topic = {intonation;prosody;punctuation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bolker:2000a,
  author = {Ethan D. Bolker},
  title = {An Existence Theorem for the Logic of Decision},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S14--S32},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {decision-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bollinger-pletat:1992a,
  author = {Toni Bollinger and Udo Pletat},
  title = {An Order-Sorted Logic with Sort Literals and Disjointness
  	Constraints},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {413--424},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;theorem-proving;hybrid-kr-architectures;sort-hierarchies;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bolton_d:1995a,
  author = {Derek Bolton},
  title = {Self-Knowledge, Error and Disorder},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {209--234},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {introspection;}  
  } 

@article{ bolton_r:1998a,
  author = {Robert Bolton},
  title = {Essentialism and Semantic Theory in {A}ristotle:
  	{\it Posterior Analytics} II, 7--10},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {108},
  number = {4},
  pages = {514--544},
  topic = {Aristotle;essentialism;philosophy-of-language;} 
  } 

@article{ bonanno:1996a,
  author = {Giacomo Bonanno},
  title = {On the Logic of Common Belief},
  journal = {Mathematical Logic Quarterly},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {42},
  pages = {305--311},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {mutual-belief;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bonanno:1998a,
  author = {Giacomo Binanno},
  title = {The Logic of Prediction},
  year = {1998},
  month = {September},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Economics,
  	University of California at Davis},
  topic = {branching-time;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bonanno-nehring:1998a,
  author = {Giacomo Bonnano and Klaus Nehring},
  title = {Understanding Common Priors under Incomplete
	Information},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {147--160},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;common-prior-assumption;}  
  } 

@book{ bond_a-glasser:1988a,
 editor = {Alan Bond and Les Glasser},
 title = {Readings in Distributed Artificial Intelligence},
 publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
 address = {San Mateo, California},
 year = {1988},
 topic = {distributed-AI;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ bond_f-etal:1998a,
  author = {Francis Bond and Daniela Kurz and Satoshi Shirai},
  title = {Anchoring Floating Quantifiers in {J}apanese-to-{E}nglish
  	Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {152--159},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {quantifier-float;machine-translation;Japanese-language;}  
} 

@article{ bondarenko-etal:1997a,
  author = {A. Bondarenko and P.M. Dung and Robert A. Kowalski and
  	F. Toni},
  title = {An Abstract, Argumentation-Theoretic Approach to Default
  	Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {93},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {63--101},
  topic = {argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bonet-geffner:1999a,
  author = {Blai Bonet and H\'ector Geffner},
  title = {General Planning Tool (GPT)},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ bonet-geffner:2001a,
  author = {Blai Bonet and H\'ector Geffner},
  title = {Planning as Heuristic Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {129},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {5--33},
  topic = {heuristics;search;planning;}  
  } 

@article{ bonet-geffner:2001b,
  author = {Blai Bonet and Hector Geffner},
  title = {Heuristic Search Planner 2.0},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {77--80},
  topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ bonevac:1984a,
  author = {Daniel Bonevac},
  title = {Semantics for Clausally Complemented Verbs},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {59},
  number = {2},
  pages = {187--218},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ bonevac:1990a,
  author = {Daniel Bonevac},
  title = {Paradoxes of Fulfillment},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {229--252},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ bonevac:1998a,
  author = {Daniel Bonevac},
  title = {Against Conditional Obligation},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {32},
  number = {1},
  pages = {37--53},
  topic = {conditional-obligation;deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ bonfantini:1987a,
  author = {Massimo Bonfantini},
  title = {La Semiosi e l'Abduzione},
  publisher = {Bompiani},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Mailand},
  topic = {semiotics;abduction;}  
 } 

@book{ bonissone-etal:1991a,
  editor = {P.O Bonissone and Max Henrion and L.N. Kanal
  	and J.F. Lemmer},
  title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Volume 6},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ bonnema-etal:1997a,
  author = {Remko Bonnema and Rens Bod and Remko Scha},
  title = {A {DOP} Model for Semantic Interpretation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {159--167},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-semantics;statistical-nlp;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bonnema-etal:1999a,
  author = {Remko Bonnema and Paul Buying and Remko Scha},
  title = {A New Probability Model for Data Oriented Parsing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {85--90},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;statistical-parsing;}  
  } 

@book{ bonney:1982a,
  author = {W.L. Bonney},
  title = {Problems in the Grammar and Logic of {E}nglish Complementation},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {nl-syntax;definiteness;anaphora;syntactic-control;}  
 } 

@article{ bonomi:1977a,
  author = {Andrea Bonomi},
  title = {Existence, Presupposition and Anaphoric Space},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {239--267},
  topic = {(non)existence;presupposition;pragmatics;anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ bonomi-casalegno:1993a,
  author = {Andrea Bonomi and Paolo Casalegno},
  title = {`{O}nly': Association with Focus in Event Semantics},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--45},
  topic = {nl-semantics;sentence-focus;events;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ bonomi:1997a,
  author = {Andrea Bonomi},
  title = {Aspect, Quantification, and When-Clauses in {I}talian},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {5},
  pages = {469--514},
  topic = {Italian-language;tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@article{ bonomi:1997b,
  author = {Andrea Bonomi},
  title = {The Progressive and the Structure of Events},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {173--205},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@article{ bonomi:2002a,
  author = {Andrea Bonomi},
  title = {Review of {\it Semantics, Tense, and Time:  An Essay
  	in the Metaphysics of Natural Language}, by {P}eter {L}udlow},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {81--95},
  xref = {Review of: ludlow:1999a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;metaphysics;}  
  } 

@article{ bonotto-zanardo:1989a,
  author = {Cinzia Bonotto and Alberto Zanardo},
  title = {A Non-Compactness Phenomenon in Logics with
  	Hyperintensional Predication},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {383--398},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;intensional-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bonzon:1995a,
  author = {Pierre E. Bonzon},
  title = {A Meta-Level Inference Architecture for Contexts},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  pages = {47--54},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bonzon:1997a,
  author = {Pierre E. Bonzon},
  title = {A Reflective Proof System for Reasoning in Contexts},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bonzon:2000a,
  author = {Pierre Bonzon},
  title = {Contextual Learning: Towards Using Contexts to
    		Achieve Generality},
  booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum},
  pages = {127--141},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {context;machine-learning;metareasoning;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@book{ bonzon-etal:2000a,
  editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum},
  title = {Formal Aspects of Context},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-7923-6350-7},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Dov M. Gabbay, "Editorial Preface", p. vii
     2. Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf
     		Nossum, "Introduction", pp. ix--x
     3. Kees van Deemter and Jan Odijk, "Formal and Computational
     		Models of Context for Natural Language
		Generation", pp. 1--21
     4. Harry Bunt, "Requirements for Dialogue Context
     		Management", pp. 23--36
     5. Julia Lavid, "Contextual Constraints on Thematization in
     		Written Discourse: An Empirical Study", pp. 37--47
     6. Mark Galliker and Daniel Weimer, "Context and Implicitness:
     		Consequences for Traditional and Computer-Assisted
		Text Analysis", pp. 49--63
     7. Alessandro Cimatti and Luciano Serafini, "A Context-Based
     		Mechanization of Multi-Agent Reasoning", pp. 65--83
     8. Paul Piwek and Emiel Krahmer, "Presuppositions in Context:
     		Constructing Bridges", pp. 85--106
     9. Vagan Y. Terziyan and Seppo Puuronen, "Reasoning with
     		Multilevel Contexts in Semantic
		Metanetworks", pp. 107--126
    10. Pierre Bonzon, "Contextual Learning: Towards Using Contexts to
    		Achieve Generality", pp. 127--141
    11. Leon W.N. van der Torre and Yao-Hua Tan, "Contextual Deontic
    		Logic", pp. 143--160
    12. Fausto Giunchiglia and Chiara Ghidini, "A Local Models
    		Semantics for Propositional Attitudes", pp. 161--174
    13. Luciano Serafini and Chiara Ghidini, "Context-Based Semantics
    		for Information Integration", pp. 175--192
    14. Dov M. Gabbay and Rolf Nossum, "Structured Contexts with
    		Fibred Semantics", pp. 193--209
  } ,
  xref = {Review: thomason_rh:2001a.},
  topic = {context;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bonzon-etal:2000b,
  author = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum},
  pages = {ix--x},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ booij:1992a,
  author = {Geert Booij},
  title = {Morphology, Semantics and Argument Structure},
  booktitle = {Thematic Structure: Its Role in Grammar},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Iggy M. Roca},
  pages = {47--64},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {thematic-roles;argument-structure;}  
  } 

@article{ booker-etal:1989a,
  author = {L.B.  Booker and D.E. Goldberg and J.H. Holland},
  title = {Classifier Systems and Genetic Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {40},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {235--282},
  topic = {automatic-classification;genetic-algorithms;
  	machine-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ boolos:1979a,
  author = {George Boolos},
  title = {The Unprovability of Consistency},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {goedels-second-theorem;semantic-reflection;provability-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ boolos:1980a,
  author = {George Boolos},
  title = {Provability, Truth, and Modal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--7},
  topic = {modal-logic;provability-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ boolos:1984a,
  author = {George Boolos},
  title = {Don't Eliminate Cut},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {373--378},
  topic = {proof-theory;cut-free-deduction;complexity-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ boolos-sambin:1985a,
  author = {George Boolos and Giovanni Sambin},
  title = {An Incomplete System of Modal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {351--358},
  topic = {modal-logic;provability-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ boolos:1987a,
  author = {George Boolos},
  title = {A Curious Inference},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {1--12},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {proof-theory;proof-complexity;higher-order-logic;
  	large-numbers;}  
 } 

@article{ boolos:1991a,
  author = {George Boolos},
  title = {Zooming Down the Slippery Slope},
  journal = {No{\^u}s},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {695--706},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@book{ boolos:1993a,
  author = {George Boolos},
  title = {The Logic of Provability},
  publisher = {Cambridge Universoti Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: tait:1999a.},
  topic = {modal-logic;provability-logic;goedels-second-theorem;}  
 } 

@article{ boolos:1997a,
  author = {George Boolos},
  title = {Constructing {C}antorian Counterexamples},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {237--239},
  topic = {set-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ boolos:1998a,
  author = {George Boolos},
  title = {Logic, Logic, and Logic},
  publisher = {Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {0674537661},
  note = {Introductions and afterword by John P. Burgess; edited by
  	Richard Jeffrey.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ boons-leclere:1976a,
  author = {{A.G. Jean-Paul} Boons and C. Leclere},
  title = {La Structure des Phrases Simples en {F}rancais:
  	Constructions Intransitives},
  publisher = {Libraire Droz},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Gen\'eve-Paris},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {transitivity-alternations;French-language;}  
 } 

@article{ booth-paris_jb:1998a,
  author = {R. Booth and J.B. Paris},
  title = {A Note on the Rational Closure of Knowledge
		Bases with Both Positive and Negative Knowledge},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {165--190},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ booth:2002a,
  author = {Richard Booth},
  title = {Social Contraction and Belief Negotiation},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {375--384},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;belief-revision;knowledge-integration;} 
  } 

@book{ booth_wc:1974a,
  author = {Wayne C. Booth},
  title = {A Rhetoric of Irony},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1974},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0226065529},
  topic = {irony;literary-criticism;}  
 } 

@book{ borenstein:1991a,
  author = {Nathaniel S. Borenstein},
  title = {Software Conflict: Essays on the Art and Science of
  	Software Engineering},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0138261571},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@book{ borger:1987a,
  editor = {Egon B\"orger},
  title = {Computation Theory and Logic},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387181709},
  topic = {theoretical-cs-general;} 
 } 

@book{ borger:1988a,
  editor = {Egon B\"orger},
  title = {Trends in Theoretical Computer Science},
  publisher = {Computer Science Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Rockville},
  ISBN = {0881750840},
  topic = {theoretical-cs-general;} 
 } 

@book{ borger:1995a,
  editor = {Egon B\"orger},
  title = {Specification and Validation Methods},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198538545},
  topic = {program-specification;} 
 } 

@book{ borger-etal:1997a,
  author = {Egon B\"orger and Erich Gr\"adel and Yuri Gurevich},
  title = {The Classical Decision Problem},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  xref = {Review: marx_m:1999a.},
  topic = {undecidability;decidability;}  
 } 

@article{ borghuis:1998a,
  author = {Tun Borghuis},
  title = {Modal Pure Type Systems},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {265--296},
  topic = {modal-logic;higher-order-logic;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ borghus:1993a,
  author = {Tijn Borghus},
  title = {Interpreting Modal Natural Deduction in Type Theory},
  booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  editor = {Maarten de Rijke},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {67--102},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {modal-logic;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ borgida:1985a,
  author = {Alex Borgida},
  title = {Language Features for Flexible Handling of Exceptions in
  	Information Systems},
  journal = {{ACM} Transactions on Database Systems},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {563--603},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ borgida-etherington:1989a,
  author = {Alex Borgida and David W. Etherington},
  title = {Hierarchical Knowledge Bases and Efficient Disjunctive
  	Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {33--43},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {kr;vivid-reasoning;inheritance;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ borgida:1992a,
  author = {Alex Borgida},
  title = {Towards the Systematic Development of Description Logic
  	Reasoners: {CLASP} reconstructed},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {259--269},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ borgida-patelschneider:1994a,
  author = {Alex Borgida and Peter Patel-Schneider},
  title = {A Semantics and Complete Algorithm for Subsumption in the
  	{CLASSIC} Description Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {277--308},
  topic = {kr;CLASSIC;subsumption-algorithms;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ borgida:1996a,
  author = {Alex Borgida},
  title = {On the Relative Expressive Completeness of Description
  	Logics and Predicate Logics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {96},
  volume = {82},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {353--367},
  topic = {taxonomic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ borgida-mcguinness:1996a,
  author = {Alex Borgida and Deborah L. McGuinness},
  title = {Asking Queries about Frames},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {340--349},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;classic;taxonomic-logics;generating-explanations;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ borgo-etal:1996a,
  author = {Stefano Borgo and Nicola Guarino and Claudio Masolo},
  title = {A Pointless Theory of Space Based on Strong Connection and
  	Congruence},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {220--229},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;spatial-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ boricic:1985a,
  author = {Branislaw R. Bori\v{c}i\v{c}},
  title = {On Sequence-Conclusion Natural Deduction Systems},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {359--377},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ borkin:1972a,
  author = {Ann Borkin},
  title = {Coreference and Beheaded NPs},
  journal = {Papers in Linguistics},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {28--45},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-syntax;metonymy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bornscheuer-etal:1998a,
  author = {S.-E. Bornscheuer et al.},
  title = {Massively Parallel Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ boros-etal:1999a,
  author = {Endre Boros and Toshihide Ibaraki and Kazuhara
  	Makino},
  title = {Logical Analysis of Binary Data with Missing Bits},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {107},
  number = {2},
  pages = {219--263},
  topic = {kr-complexity-analysis;data-mining;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ borowski:1973a,
  author = {E.J. Borowski},
  title = {On the Extent of {J}ohn's Height},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {419--422},
  topic = {comparative-constructions;nl-semantics;} 
  } 

@book{ borsuk-smielew:1960a,
  author = {Karol Borsuk and Wanda Smielew},
  title = {Foundations of Geometry.  Part {I}: {E}uclidean and
  	{B}olyai-{L}obachevskian Geometry},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1960},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {geometry;formalizations-of-geometry;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bos:1994a,
  author = {Johan Bos},
  title = {Presupposition and {VP}-Ellipsis},
  booktitle = {Fifteenth International Conference on Computational
		Linguistics},
  year = {1994},
  missinginfo = {Editor, publisher, address, pages},
  topic = {presupposition;VP-ellipsis;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bos-etal:1998a,
  author = {Johan Bos and C.J. Rupp and Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf and
  	Michael Dorna},
  title = {Managing Information at Linguistic Interfaces},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {160--166},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {spoken-dialogue-systems;machine-translation;}  
} 

@book{ bos-etal:2002a,
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  title = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Susan Brennan, "Audience Design and Discourse Processes: Do
     		Speakers and Addressees", p. 1
     2. Enric Vallduv\'i, "Information Packaging and Dialog", p. 4 
     3. J. Gabriel Amores and Jos\'e Quesada, "Cooperation and
     		Collaboration in Natural Language Command 
		Dialogues", pp. 5--11
     4. Anne H. Anderson and Barbara Howarth, "Referential Form and
     		Word Duration in Video-Mediated and Face-to-Face
		Dialogues ", pp. 13--28
     5. Michael L. Anderson and Yoshi A. Okamoto and Darsana Josyula
     		and Don Perlis, "The Use-Mention Distinction and its
		Importance to {HCI}", pp. 21--28
     6. Ellen Gurman Bard and Matthew P. Aylett and Robin J. 
     		Lickley, "Towards a Psycholinguistics of
		Dialogue: Defining Reaction Time and Error Rate in
		a Dialogue Corpus", pp. 29--36
     7. Adam Buchwald and Oren Schwartz and Amanda Seidl and
     		Paul Smolensky, "Recoverability Optimality Theory: Discourse
		Anaphora in a Bi-Directional Framework", pp. 37--44
     8. Robin Cooper and Jonathan Ginzberg, "Using Dependent Record
     		Types in Clarification Ellipsis", pp. 45--52
     9. Floriana Grasso, "Towards a Framework for Rhetorical
     		Argumentation", pp. 53--60
    10. Samson de Jager and Alistair Knott and Ian Bayard, "A 
    		{DRT}-Based Framework for Presupposition in Dialogue
		Management ", pp. 61--68
    11. Ruth Kempson and Masayuki Otsuka, "Dialogue as Collaborative
    		Tree Growth", pp. 69--76
    12. Peter Krause, "An Algorithm for Processing Referential
    		Definite Descriptions in Dialogue Based on 
		Abductive Inference", pp. 77--84
    13. J\"orn Kreutel and Colin Matheson, "From Dialogue Acts
    		to Dialogue Act Offers: Building Discourse 
		Structure as an Argumentative Process", pp. 85--92
    14. Ivana Kruijff-Korbayov\'a and Elena Karagjosova and
    		Staffan Larsson, "Enhancing Collaboration with
		Conditional Responses in Information-Seeking
		Dialogues", pp. 93--100
    15. Markus L\"ockelt and Tilman Becker and Norbert Pfleger
    		and Jan Alexandersson, "Making Sense of 
		Partial", pp. 101--107
    16. William Mann, "Dialogue Analysis for Diverse 
    		Situations", pp. 109--116
    17. Emiliano G. Padilha and Jean Carletta, "A Simulation of 
    		Small Group Discussion", pp. 117--124
    18. Allison Pease and Simon Colton and Alan Smaill and John 
    		Lee, "Semantic Negotiation: Modelling Ambiguity in
		Dialogue", pp. 125--132
    19. Orin Percus, "Modelling the Common Ground: The Relevance
    		of Copular Questions", pp. 133--140
    20. Paul Piwek and Kees van Deemter, "Towards Automated Generation
    		of Scripted Dialogue: Some Time-Honoured 
		Strategies", pp. 141--148
    21. J.F. Quesada and J.G. Amores, "Knowledge-Based Reference
    		Resolution for Dialogue Management in a Home Domain
		Environment", pp. 149--154
    22. Robert van Rooy, "Relevance Only", pp. 155--160
    23. David Schlangen and Alex Lascarides, "Resolving Fragments
    		Using Discourse Information", pp. 161--168
    24. Matthew Stone and Richmond H. Thomason, "Context in Abductive
    		Interpretation", pp. 169--176
    25. Maite Taboada, "Centering and Pronominal Reference: In
    		Dialogue, in {S}panish", pp. 177--184
    26. Dimitra Tsovaltzi and Colin Matheson, "Formalizing Hinting
    		in Tutorial Dialogues", pp. 185--192
  } ,
  topic = {computational-dialogue;pragmatics;discourse;} 
 } 

@incollection{ bosch:1979a,
  author = {Peter Bosch},
  title = {Vagueness, Ambiguity and All the Rest.  An Explication and an
  	Intuitive Test},
  booktitle = {{S}prachstructur, {I}ndividuum und {G}esellschaft.
  	{A}kten des 13 {L}inguistischen {K}olloquiums.  {B}and I.},
  publisher = {Niemeyer},
  year = {1979},
  pages = {9--19},
  address = {{T}\"ubingen},
  topic = {nl-semantics;vagueness;ambiguity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bosch:1983a,
  author = {Peter Bosch},
  title = {`{V}agueness' is Context-Dependence: A Solution to the
  	Sorites Paradox},
  booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal},
  pages = {189--210},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {vagueness;context;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@book{ bosch:1983b,
  author = {Peter Bosch},
  title = {Agreement and Anaphora: A Study of the Role of Pronouns in
  	Syntax and Discourse},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0121188205},
  topic = {pronouns;anaphora;}  
 } 

@book{ bosch:1984a,
  author = {Peter Bosch},
  title = {Lexical Learning, Context Dependence, and Metaphor},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1984},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {context;metaphor;word-acquisition;}  
 } 

@book{ bosch-vandersandt:1999a,
  editor = {Peter Bosch and Rob {van der Sandt}},
  title = {Focus: Linguistic, Cognitive, and Computational
  	Perspectives},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521583055 (hardbound)},
  topic = {sentence-focus;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bosco-bazzanella:2001a,
  author = {Cristina Bosco and Carla Bazzanella},
  title = {Context and Multi-Media Corpora},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {417--420},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;multimedia-corpora;}  
  } 

@book{ boskovic:1997a,
  author = {\v{Z}eljko Bo\v{s}kovi\'c},
  title = {The Syntax of Nonfinite Complementation},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-syntax;complementation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bossi-etalle:1994a,
  author = {Annalisa Bossi and Sandro Etalle},
  title = {More on Unfold/Fold Transformations of Normal Programs:
  	Preservation of {F}itting's Semantics'},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {311--331},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {program-transformations;}  
  } 

@article{ bossu-siegel:1985a,
  author = {Genevieve Bossu and Pierre Siegel},
  title = {Saturation, Nonmonotonic Reasoning and the Closed-World
  	Assumption},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13--63},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;
  	closed-world-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ boster:1991a,
  author = {James S. Boster},
  title = {The Information Economy Model Applied to
     		Biological Similarity Judgment},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {203--225},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}  
  } 

@article{ bostock:1980a,
  author = {David Bostock},
  title = {A Study of Type-Neutrality},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {211--296},
  topic = {polymorphism;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ bostock:1980b,
  author = {David Bostock},
  title = {A Study of Type-Neutrality, Part {II}: Relations},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {363--414},
  topic = {polymorphism;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ botha:1976a,
  author = {Rudolf P. Botha},
  title = {On the Analysis of Linguistic Argumentation},
  booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Jessica R. Wirth},
  pages = {1--34},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ bottner:1992a,
  author = {Michael B\"ottner},
  title = {Variable-Free Semantics for Anaphora},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {375--390},
  topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;algebraic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ bouchard:1987a,
  author = {Denis Bouchard},
  title = {A Few Remarks on Past Participle Agreement},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {449--474},
  topic = {nl-syntax;government-binding-theory;French-language;}  
  } 

@article{ bouchard-smith_cs:1987a,
  author = {Denis Bouchard and Carlota S. Smith},
  title = {Introduction},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  contentnote = {Intro to a symposium on syntax and semantics.},
  pages = {429--431},
  topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ bouchard:1995a,
  author = {Denis Bouchard},
  title = {The Semantics of Syntax:  A Minimalist Approach to Grammar},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ boulanger-bruynooghe:1994a,
  author = {Dmitri Boulanger and Maurice Bruynooghe},
  title = {Using Call/Exit Analysis for Logic Program
  	Transformation},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {36--50},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ boullier:1996a,
  author = {Pierre Boullier},
  title = {Another Facet of {LIG} Parsing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {87--94},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;linear-indexed-grammars;}  
 } 

@article{ bouma:1992a,
  author = {Gosse Bouma},
  title = {Feature Structures and Nonmonotonicity},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume = {18},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {165--172},
  topic = {nm-ling;default-unification;}  
 } 

@article{ bouquet-giunchiglia_f:1995a,
  author = {Paolo Bouquet and Fausto Giunchiglia},
  title = {Reasoning about Theory Adequacy.  {A} New Solution
                  to the Qualification Problem},
  journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2--4},
  pages = {247--262},
  month = {June,July,August},
  note = {Also IRST-Technical Report 9406-13, IRST, Trento, Italy},
  topic = {context;qualification-problem;}  
  } 

@book{ bouquet-etal:1999a,
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick Br\'ezillon
  	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca Castellani},
  title = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of the
  	Second International and Interdisciplinary Conference,
	{CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  contentnote = {TC:
      1. Varol Akman and Ferda Nur Alpaslan, "Strawson on Intended
			Meaning and Context", pp. 1--14
      2. Horacio Arl\'o Costa, "Epistemic Context, Defeasible
			Inference, and Conversational Implicature", pp. 15--27
      3. John A. Barnden and Mark G. Lee, "An Implemented Context
            System that	Combines Belief Reasoning, Metaphor-Based
            Reasoning and Uncertainty Handling", pp. 28--41
      4. John Bell, "Pragmatic Reasoning: Inferring Contexts",
			pp. 42--53
      5. Cathy Berthouzoz, "A Model of Context Adapted to
			Domain-Independent Machine Translation", pp. 54--66
      6. Claudia Bianchi, "Three Forms of Contextual Dependence",
            pp. 67--76
      7. Harry Bunt, "Context Representation for Dialogue
            Management", pp. 77--90
      8. Antonella de Angeli and Laurent Romary and Frederic Wolf,
            "Ecological Interfaces:	Extending the Pointing Paradigm
            by Visual Context",	pp. 91--104
      9. Anna-Maria Di Sciullo, "Formal Context and Morphological
            Analysis", pp. 105--118
     10. Bruce Edmonds, "The Pragmatic Roots of Context", pp. 119--144
     11. Anita Fetzer, "Non-Acceptance: Re- or Un-Creating Context?",
			pp. 133--144
     12. Chiara Ghidini, "Modelling (Un)Bounded Beliefs", pp.
			145--158
     13. Chiara Ghidini and Luigi Serfini, "A Context-Based Logic for
			Distributed Knowledge Representation and Reasoning",
			pp. 159--172
     14. Guillaume Giraudet and Corinne Rounes, "Independence from
			Context Information Provided by Spatial
			Signature Learning in a Natural Object
			Identification Task", pp. 173--185
     15. Wolfram Hinzen, "Contextual Dependence and the Epistemic
			Foundations of Dynamic Semantics", pp. 186--199
     16. Boicho Kokinov, "Dynamics and Automaticity of Context: A
			Cognitive Modeling Approach", pp. 200--213
     17. Soichi Kozai, "A Mental Space Account for Speaker's
			Empathy: {J}apanese Profiling Identity vs. {E}nglish
			Shading Identity", pp. 214--227
     18. Tomoko Matsui, "On the Role of Context in Relevance-Based
			Accessibility Ranking of Candidate Referents",
			pp. 228--241
     19. Christof Monz, "Contextual Inference in Computational
			Semantics", pp. 242--255
     20. Renate Motschnig-Pitrik, "Contexts and Views in
			Object-Oriented Languages", pp. 256--269
     21. Carlo Penco, "Objective and Cognitive Context",
			pp. 270--283
     22. Jean-Charles Pomerol and Patrick Brezillon, "Dynamics between
			Contextual Knowledge and Proceduralized Context",
			pp. 284--295
     23. Yannick Prei\'e and Alain Mille and Jean-Marie Pinon,
			"A Context-Based Audiovisual Represention Model
			for Audiovisual Information Systems", pp. 296--309
     24. M. Andrea Rodr\'iguez and Max J. Eigenhofer, "Putting
			Similarity Assessments into Context:  Matching
			Functions with the User's Intended Operations",
			pp. 310--323
     25. Marina Sbis\'a, "Presupposition, Implicature and
			Context in Text Understanding", pp. 324--338
     26. Barry Smith and Achille C. Varzi, "The Formal Structure
			of Ecological COntexts", pp. 339--351
     27. Richmond H. Thomason, "Type Theoretic Foundations for
			Context, Part 1: Contexts as Complex Type-Theoretic
			Objects", pp. 352--374
     28. Roy M. Turner, "A Model of Explicit Context Representation
			and Use for Intelligent Agents", pp. 375--388
     29. Nikolai Vazov, "Context-Scanning Strategy in Temporal
			Reasoning", pp. 389--402
     30. Wayne Wobcke, "The Role of Context in the Analysis and
			Design of Agent Programs", pp. 403--416
     31. R.A. Young, "Context and Supercontext", pp. 417--441
     33. Alfs Berztiss, "Contexts, Domains, and Software",
			pp.	443--446
     33. Alex B\"ucher and John G. Hughes and David A. Bell,
			"Contextual Data and Domain Knowledge Discovery
			Systems", 447--451
     34. Maud Champagne and Jacques Virbel and Jean-Luc
			Nespoulous, "The Differential (?) Processing
			of Literal and Non-Literal Speech Acts: A
			Psycholinguistic Approach", pp. 451--454
     35. Henning Christiansen, "Open Theories and Abduction for
			Context and Accommodation", pp. 455--462
     36. Thorstein Fretheim and Wim A. van Dommelen, "Building
			Context with Intonation", pp. 463--466
     37. Sabine Geldof, "Parrot-Talk Requires Multiple Context
			Dimensions", 467--470
     38. Alain Giboin, "Contextual Divorces: Towards a
			Framework for Identifying Critical Context
			Issues in Collaborative-Argumentation System
			Design", pp. 471--474
     39. Jeanette K. Gundel and Kaja Borthen and Thorstein
			Fretheim, "The Role of Context in {E}nglish
			and {N}orwegian", pp. 475--478
     40. Timo Honkela, "Connectionist Analysis and Creation
			of Context for Natural Language Understanding and
			Knowledge Management", pp. 479--482
     41. Roland Klemke, "The Notion of Context in Organizational
			Memories", pp. 483--487
     42. S\'everine M\'erand and Charles Tijus and S\'ebastien
			Poitrenaud, "The Effect of Context Complexity on
			the Memorization of Objects", pp. 487--490
     43. Yasunori Morishima, "Effects of Discourse Context on
			Inference Computation during Comprehension",
			pp. 491--494
     44. Rolf Nossum and Michael Thielscher, "Counterfactual
			Reasoning by Means of a Calculus of Narrative
			Context", pp. 495--501
     45. Laurent Pasquier and Patrick Br\'ezillon and Jean-Charles
			Pomerol, "Context and Decision Graphs for Incident
			Management on a Subway Line", pp. 499--502
     46. Gerhard Peter and Brigitte Grote, "Using Context to Guide
			Information Search for Preventative Quality
			Management", pp. 503--506
     47. Fabio Pianesi and Achille C. Varzi, "The Context-Dependency
			of Temporal Reference in Event Semantics",
			pp. 507--510
     48. B\'eatrice Pudelko and ELizabeth Hamilton and Denis Legros
			and Charles Tijus, "How Context Contributes
			to Metaphor Understanding", pp. 511--514
     49. Jamie Sherrah and Shaogang Gong, "Exploiting Context in
			Gesture Recognition", pp. 515--518
     50. L.M. Tovena, "The Use of Context in the Analysis of
			Negative Concord and {N}-Words,  pp. 519--522
     51. Elise H. Turner and Roy M. Turner and John Phelps and
			Mark Neal and Charles Grunden and Jason
			Mailmen, "Aspects of Context for
			Understanding Multi-Modal Communication", pp.
			523--526
  } ,
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bouquet-serafini:2001a,
  author = {Paolo Bouquet and Luciano Serafini},
  title = {Two Formalizations of Context: A Comparison},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {87--101},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@book{ bourdieu:1998a,
  author = {Pierre Bourdieu},
  title = {Practical Reason: On the Theory of Action},
  publisher = {Polity Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0745616240},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bourely-etal:1996a,
  author = {Christophe Bourely and Gilles Difourneaux and Nicolas 
     	  Peltier},
  title = {Building Proofs or Counterexamples by Analogy in
	  a Resolution Framework},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop,
  	{Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3,
	1996.},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska},
  pages = {34--49},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {analogical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@techreport{ boutilier:1989a,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  Title = {On the Semantics of Stable Inheritance Reasoning},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto},
  number = {KRR-TR-89-{11}},
  year = {1989},
  xref = {Abbreviated Version: \cite{Boutilier-89b}.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
    } 

@inproceedings{ boutilier:1989b,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {On the Semantics of Stable Inheritance Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ boutilier:1990a,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {Conditional Logics of Normality as Modal Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  pages = {594--599},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {deontic-logic;conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ boutilier:1990b,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {Viewing Conditional Logics of Normality as Extensions of
    	    the Modal System {S4}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-conditionals;}  
  } 

@techreport{ boutilier:1992a,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {Conditional Logics for Default Reasoning and Belief
  	Revision},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Toronto},
  number = {KRR--TR--92--1},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Toronto, Ontario},
  topic = {kr;conditionals;belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ boutilier:1992b,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {Normative, Subjunctive, and Autoepistemic Defaults: Adopting
  	the {R}amsey Test},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {685--696},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;belief-revision;CCCP;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ boutilier:1993a,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {Revision by Conditional Beliefs},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert},
  pages = {649--654},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;belief-revision;conditionals;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ boutilier:1993b,
 author = {Craig Boutilier},
 title = {A Modal Characterization of Defeasible Deontic Conditionals and
 	Conditional Goals},
 booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on Reasoning
 	about Mental States},
 year = {1993},
 pages = {30--39},
 organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
 address = {Menlo Park, California},
 note = {Unpublished other than distribution to conferees. --RT},
 topic = {kr;conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ boutilier:1993c,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {Belief Revision and Nested Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {519--523},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;}  
  } 

@techreport{ boutilier-becher:1993a,
  author = {Craig Boutilier and Ver\'onica Becher},
  title = {Abduction as Belief Revision},
  institution = {University of British Columbia, Computer Science
  	Department},
  number = {93--23},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Vancouver, British Columbia},
  xref = {Journal Publication: boutilier-becher:1995a.},
  topic = {belief-revision;abduction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ boutilier-goldzsmidt:1993a,
  author = {Craig Boutilier and Mois\'es Goldzsmidt},
  title = {A Theory of Conditional Belief Revision},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert},
  pages = {649--654},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ boutilier:1994a,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {Toward a Logic for Qualitative Decision Theory},
  booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {75--86},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ boutilier:1994b,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {Defeasible Preferences and Goal Derivation},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, 1994. Department of Computer Science,
  	University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia,
	Canada V6T 1Z4.  Available at
	http://www.cs.ubc.ca/spider/cebly/craig.html.},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;preferences;}  
  } 

@article{ boutilier:1994c,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {Unifying Default Reasoning and Belief Revision in a Modal
  	Framework},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--85},
  topic = {modal-logic;default-logic;belief-revision;
  	nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ boutilier:1994d,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {Conditional Logics of Normality: A Modal Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--154},
  topic = {nonmonotonbic-logic;conditionals;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ boutilier:1995a,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {Abduction as Belief Revision},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {77},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--128},
  topic = {kr;belief-revision;abduction;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ boutilier:1995b,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {Generalized Update: Belief Change in Dynamic Settings},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1550--1556},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ boutilier-becher:1995a,
  author = {Craig Boutilier and Ver\'onica Becher},
  title = {Abduction as Belief Revision } ,
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {77},
  number = {1},
  pages = {43--94},
  topic = {belief-revision;abduction;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ boutilier-etal:1995a,
  author = {Craig Boutilier and Thomas Dean and Steve Hanks},
  title = {Planning under Uncertainty:  Structural Assumptions and
  	Computational Leverage},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, 1995.},
  missinginfo = {Get publication info:
  	European Planning Workshop?},
  topic = {planning;uncertainty-in-AI;foundations-of-planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ boutilier-goldszmidt:1995a,
  author = {Craig Boutilier and Mois\'es Goldszmidt},
  title = {On the Revision of Conditional Belief Sets},
  booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig},
  pages = {267--300},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ boutilier:1996a,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {Iterated Revision and Minimal Change of Conditional Beliefs},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {3},
  pages = {263--305},
  topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ boutilier:1996b,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {Abduction to Plausible Causes: An Event-Based
  	Model of Belief Update},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {83},
  number = {1},
  pages = {143--166},
  topic = {abduction;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ boutilier:1996c,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {Planning, Learning and Coordination in Multiagent
  	Decision Processes},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {195--210},
  address = {San Francisco},
  contentnote = {Introduces the idea of a multiagent Markov decision
  	process.},
  topic = {multiagent-planning;cooperation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ boutilier-etal:1997a,
  author = {Craig Boutilier and Ronen Brafman and Christopher Geib and
  	David Poole},
  title = {A Constraint-Based Approach to Preference Elicitation
        and Decision Making},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {19--28},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;preferences;preference-elicitation;}  
  } 

@article{ boutilier-etal:1997b,
  author = {Craig Boutilier and Yoav Shoham and Michael P. Wellman},
  title = {Economic Principles of Multi-Agent Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--6},
  contentnote = {This is an editorial for a special issue of
  	Artificial Intelligence.},
  topic = {AI-and-economics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ boutilier-etal:1997c,
  author = {Craig Boutilier and Ronen Brafman and Christopher Geib},
  title = {Prioritized Goal Decomposition of {M}arkov Decision Processes:
  	Towards a Synthesis of Classical and Decision Theoretic Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Martha Pollack},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {1156--1163},
  topic = {decision-theoretic-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ boutilier:1998a,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {A Unified Model of Qualitative Belief Change:
		A Dynamical Systems Perspective},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {98},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {281--316},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ boutilier-poole:1998a,
  author = {Craig Boutilier and David Poole},
  title = {Computing Optimal Policies for Partially Observable
  	Decision Processes Using Compact Representations},
  year = {1998},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	University of British Columbia.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.  Get publication info.},
  topic = {Markov-decision-processes;decision-theoretic-planning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ boutilier:1999a,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {The Role of Logic in Stochastic Decision Processes},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {decision-theoretic-planning;Markov-decision-processes;}  
  } 

@article{ boutilier:1999b,
  author = {Craig Boutilier},
  title = {Multiagent Systems: Challenges and Opportunities for
  	Decision-Theoretic Planning},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {35--43},
  topic = {multiagent-planning;decision-theoretic-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ boutilier-etal:1999a,
  title = {Decision Theoretic Planning: Structural Assumptions and
  	Computational Leverage},
  author = {Craig Boutilier and Thomas Dean and Steve Hanks},
  journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {to appear},
  topic = {decision-theoretic-planning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ boutilier-etal:1999b,
  author = {Craig Boutilier and Ronen I. Brafman and
  	Holger H. Hoos and David Poole},
  title = {Reasoning with Conditional Ceteris Paribus Preference
  	Semantics},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.  Available at\\
  	http://www.cs.ubc.ca/cebly/Papers/\_download\_/CPnets.ps},
  topic = {preference;qdt;}  
  } 

@article{ boutilier-etal:2000a,
  author = {Craig Boutilier and Richard Dearden and Mosi\'es
  	Goldszmidt},
  title = {Stochastic Dynamic Programming with Factored
  	Representations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {121},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {49--107},
  topic = {Markov-decision-processes;Bayesian-networks;decision-trees;
  	dynamic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ boutsinas-vrahatis:2001a,
  author = {Basilis Boutsinas and Michael N. Vrahatis},
  title = {Artificial Nonmonotonic Neural Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {132},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--38},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@article{ bouzy-cazenave:2001a,
  author = {Bruno Bouzy and Tristan Cazenave},
  title = {Computer Go: An {AI} Oriented Survey},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {132},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39--103},
  topic = {computer-games;}  
  } 

@article{ bovens:1995a,
  author = {Luc Bovens},
  title = {\,\`P and I Will Believe that not-P': Diachronic
	Constraints on Rational Belief},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {104},
  number = {416},
  pages = {737--760},
  topic = {philosophy-of-belief;will-to-believe;belief;rationality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bovens-hartmann_s:2001a,
  author = {Luc Bovens and Stephan Hartmann},
  title = {Belief Expansion, Contextual Fit and the Reliability of
  	Information Sources},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {425--428},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@article{ bovens-hartmann:2002a,
  author = {Luc Bovens and Stephan Hartmann},
  title = {Bayesian Networks and the Problem of Unreliable
  	Instruments},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--72},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;philosophy-of-science;} 
  } 

@article{ bowen:1975a,
  author = {Kenneth A. Bowen},
  title = {Normal Modal Model Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {97--131},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bowen-kowalski:1982a,
  author = {Kenneth A. Bowen and Robert A. Kowalski},
  title = {Amalgamating Language and Metalanguage in Logic Programming},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1982},
  address = {New York},
  editor = {Keith L. Clark and Sten-{\AA}ke T{\aa}rnlund},
  missinginfo = {pages.},
  topic = {metaprogramming;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@techreport{ bowen-dejongh:1986a,
  author = {Kenneth Bowen and Dick de Jongh},
  title = {Some Complete Logics for Branched Time.  Part {I}: Well-Founded
  	Time, Forward Looking Operators},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {86--05},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {branching-time;}  
  } 

@article{ bowen:1987a,
  author = {Kenneth A. Bowen},
  title = {On the Use of Logic: Reflections on {M}c{D}ermott's
  	Critique of Pure Reason},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {165--168},
  xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bower-clapper:1989a,
  author = {Gordon H. Bower and John P. Clapper},
  title = {Experimental Methods in Cognitive Science},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {7},
  pages = {245--300},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;empirical-methods-in-cogsci;}  
  } 

@article{ bowerman:1990a,
  author = {Melissa Bowerman},
  title = {Mapping Thematic Roles onto Syntactic Functions: Are
  	Children Helped by Innate Linking Rules?},
  journal = {Linguistics},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {28},
  pages = {1253--1289},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {thematic-roles;semantics-acquisition;L1-acquisition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bowerman:1996a,
  author = {Melissa Bowerman},
  title = {Learning How to Structure Space for Language:  A
  	Crosslinguistic Perspective},
  booktitle = {Language and Space},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {P. Bloom and M.A. Peterson and L. Nadel and
  	M.F. Garrett},
  pages = {385--436},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {spatial-language;semantics-acquisition;L1-acquisition;}  
  } 

@book{ bowers:1971a,
  author = {John S. Bowers},
  title = {Adjectives and Adverbs in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1971},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {adjectives;adverbs;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ bowers:1974a,
  author = {John S. Bowers},
  title = {On Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Cornell University.},
  topic = {nl-syntax;relative-clauses;nonrestrictive-relative-clauses;}  
  } 

@article{ bowers-reichenbach_ukh:1979a,
  author = {John S. Bowers and Uwe K.H. Reichenbach},
  title = {Montague and Transformational Grammar:  A Review
  	of {\it Formal Philosophy: Selected Papers of
	{R}ichard {M}ontague}},
  journal = {Linguistic Analysis},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {195--247},
  xref = {Review of montague:1974a.},
  topic = {montague-grammar;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bowers:1991a,
  author = {John S. Bowers},
  title = {The Syntax and Semantics of Nominals},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{I}},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner},
  pages = {1--30},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nominal-constructions;nominalization;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bowers:1993a,
  author =  {John S. Bowers},
  title = {The Structure of {I}-Level and {S}-Level Predicates},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{III}},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
   missinginfo = {pages},
 topic = {i-level/s-level;}  
  } 

@article{ bowie:1982a,
  author = {G. Lee Bowie},
  title = {Lucas' Number is Finally Up},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {279--285},
  topic = {philosophy-of-computation;goedels-first-theorem;}  
  } 

@book{ box-tiao:1973a,
  author = {George E. Box and George C. Tiao},
  title = {Bayesian Inference in Statistical Analysis},
  publisher = {Addison Wesley},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  topic = {Bayesian-statistics;}  
 } 

@book{ boyd-richerson:1985a,
  author = {Robert Boyd and Peter J. Richerson},
  title = {Culture and the Evolutionary Process},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0226069311},
  topic = {social-change;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ boye-etal:1999a,
  author = {Johan Boye and Mats Wir\'en and Manny Rayner and
		Ian Lewin and David Carter and Ralph Becket},
  title = {Language-Proccessing Strategies for Mixed-Initiative
		Dialogues},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jan Alexandersson},
  pages = {17--23},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {spoken-dialogue-systems;computational-dialogue;
		mixed-initiative-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ boyer-moore_js:1972a,
  author = {Robert S. Boyer and J. Strother Moore},
  title = {The Sharing of Structure in Theorem-Proving Programs},
  booktitle = {Machine Intelligence 7},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Michie and Bernard Meltzer},
  pages = {101--116},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@book{ boyer:1991a,
  editor = {Robert S. Boyer},
  title = {Automated Reasoning: Essays in Honor of {W}oody {B}ledsoe},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792314093 (HB)},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@incollection{ boyer-etal:1991a,
  author = {Robert S. Boyer and David M. Goldschag and Matt Kaufman and
	J. Strother Moore},
  title = {Functional Instantiation in First-Order Logic},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {7--26},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@incollection{ boyer-moore_js:1996a,
  author = {Robert S. Boyer and J. Strother Moore},
  title = {Mechanized Reasoning about Programs and Computing
  	Machines},
  booktitle = {Automated Reasoning and Its Applications: Essays
  	in Honor of {L}arry {W}os},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {R. Veroff},
  pages = {146--176},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;program-verification;}  
  } 

@article{ boyne:1972a,
  author = {Chris Boyne},
  title = {Vagueness and Colour Predicates},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {81},
  number = {324},
  pages = {576--577},
  topic = {vagueness;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ bozsahin:1998a,
  author = {Cem Bozsahin},
  title = {Deriving the Predicate-Argument Structure for a Free Word
  	Order Language},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {167--173},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;free-word-order;}  
} 

@incollection{ brachman:1979a1,
  author = {Ronald J. Brachman},
  title = {On the Epistemological Status of Semantic Networks},
  booktitle = {Associative Networks: Representation and Use of Knowledge by
  	Computers},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {N.V. Findler},
  pages = {3--50},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Republished in Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque;
  	Readings in Knowledge Representation.  See brachman:1979a2.},
  topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brachman:1979a2,
  author = {Ronald J. Brachman},
  title = {On the Epistemological Status of Semantic Networks},
  booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  pages = {191--216},
  xref = {Originally published in N.V. Findler; Associative
  	Networks: Representation and Use of Knowledge by
  	Computers; Academic Press; 1979.  See brachman:1979a1.},
  topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ brachman-etal:1983a,
  author = {Ronald J. Brachman and Richard Fikes and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {{\sc krypton}:  A Functional Approach to {KR}},
  journal = {{I}{E}{E}{E} Computer},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {67--73},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brachman-etal:1983b,
  author = {Ronald J. Brachman and Richard E. Fikes and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {{\sc krypton}: Integrating Terminology and Assertion},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third National Conference on
             Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {31--35},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  contentnote = {This is the paper introducing the term {hybrid systems},
  	and I guess the first dogma of KR.  --RT},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
 } 

@article{ brachman:1985a,
  author = {Ronald Brachman},
  title = {I Lied about the Trees or, Defaults and Definitions in
	Knowledge Representation},
  journal = {AI Magazine},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {80--93},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ brachman-levesque:1985a,
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Readings in Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;kr-survey;}  
 } 

@article{ brachman:1987a,
  author = {Ronald Brachman},
  title = {The Myth of the One True Logic},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {168--172},
  xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brachman-etal:1989a,
  author = {Ronald J. Brachman and Alex Borgida and Deborah
  		L. McGuinness and Lori A. Resnik},
  title = {The {CLASSIC} Knowledge Representation System, or,
  	{KL-ONE}: The Next Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, CA},
  missinginfo = {Pages.  CHECK THIS I HAVE A PREPRINT ONLY},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;krcourse;}  
  } 

@book{ brachman-etal:1989b,
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  title = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ brachman:1990a,
  author = {Ronald J. Brachman},
  title = {The Future of Knowledge Representation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National
  		Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {1082--1092},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  volume = {2},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brachman-etal:1991a,
  author = {Ronald J. Brachman and Deborah L. McGuinness and Peter
  	F. Patel-Schneider and Lori A. Resnik},
  title = {Living with {\sc classic}: When and How to Use a
  	{\sc kl-one}-Like Language},
  booktitle = {Principles of Semantic Networks},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {John F. Sowa},
  pages = {401--456},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;classic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ brachman-etal:1991b,
  author = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Ray Reiter},
  title = {Introduction to the Special Volume on Knowledge
  	Representation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {49},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1--3},
  topic = {kr;}  
  } 

@article{ brachman-levesque:1991a,
 author = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque},
 title = {Look What They've Done to My Dogma! On Limitations in
 	Knowledge Representation},
 journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
 year = {1991},
 volume = {50},
 number = {1},
 topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
 } 

@article{ brachman-schmolze:1991a,
  author = {Ronald J. Brachman and James Schmolze},
  title = {An Overview of the {\sc Kl-One} Knowledge Representation
  	System},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {171--216},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brachman:1992a,
  author = {Ronald J. Brachman},
  title = {``{R}educing'' {\sc classic} to Practice: Knowledge
  	Representation Theory Meets Reality},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {247--258},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;applied-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ brachman-etal:1992a,
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and
  	Raymond Reiter},
  title = {Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {kr-survey;}  
 } 

@article{ brachman-etal:1999a,
  author = {Ronald J. Brachman and } ,
  title = {``{R}educing'' {\sc classic} to Practice: Knowledge
  	Representation Theory Meets Reality},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {114},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {203--237},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;applied-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ brackbill-cohen:1985a,
  editor = {Jeremiah U. Brackbill and Bruce I. Cohen},
  title = {Multiple Time Scales},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0121234207},
  topic = {nonlinear-mathematics;}  
 } 

@article{ bracken:1973a,
  author = {H. Bracken},
  title = {Minds and Learning: The {C}homskyian Revolution},
  journal = {Metaphilosophy},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {229--245},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {Chomsky;L1-acquisition;}  
  } 

@book{ braddonmitchell-jackson_f:1996a,
  author = {David Braddon-Mitchell and Frank Jackson},
  title = {The Philosophy of Mind and Cognition},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631191674 (hbk)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-cogsci;}  
 } 

@article{ bradley-etal:2001a,
  author = {Elizabeth Bradley and Matthew Easley and Reinhard Stolle},
  title = {Reasoning about Nonlinear System Identification},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {133},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {139--188},
  topic = {qualitative-reasoning;qualitative-physics;kr;}  
  } 

@book{ bradley_fh:1927a,
  author = {F.H. Bradley},
  title = {Ethical Studies (Second Edition)},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1927},
  topic = {ethics;}  
    } 

@article{ bradley_r:1999a,
  author = {Richard Bradley},
  title = {More Triviality},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {2},
  pages = {129--139},
  topic = {conditionals;CCCP;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bradley_r:2000a,
  author = {Richard Bradley},
  title = {Conditionals and the Logic of Decision},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S18--S32},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {decision-theory;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ bradley_rd:1959a,
  author = {Raymond D. Bradley},
  title = {Must the Future Be What it Is Going to Be?},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1959},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {193--208},
  topic = {(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@article{ bradley_rd:1962a,
  author = {Raymond D. Bradley},
  title = {\,`Ifs', `Cans' and Determinism},
  journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {40},
  pages = {146--158},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {JL-Austin;conditionals;(in)determinism;freedom;}  
  } 

@article{ bradley_rd:1964a,
  author = {Raymond D. Bradley},
  title = {Geometry and Necessary Truth},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {73},
  number = {1},
  pages = {59--75},
  topic = {psychology-of-mathematics;necessary-truth;geometry;}  
  } 

@book{ bradshaw:1996a,
  editor = {Jeffrey M. Bradshaw},
  title = {Software Agents},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {agency;distributed-systems;communications-protocols;}  
 } 

@incollection{ brady_ah:1988a,
  author = {Allen H. Brady},
  title = {The Busy Beaver Game and the Meaning of Life},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {259--277},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {automata-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ brady_m:1980a,
  author = {Mike Brady},
  title = {Review of {\it Techniques of Artificial Intelligence}, by
  	{S}tuart {C}. {S}hapiro},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {109--110},
  xref = {Review of shapiro_sc:1979a.},
  topic = {AI-intro;}  
  } 

@article{ brady_m:1981a,
  author = {Michael Brady},
  title = {Preface---The Changing Shape of Computer Vision},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {1--15},
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
  } 

@article{ brady_m:1982a,
  author = {Michael Brady},
  title = {Computer Vision},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {1982},
  number = {1},
  pages = {7--16},
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
  } 

@article{ brady_m:1983a,
  author = {Michael Brady},
  title = {Parallelism in Vision},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {271--283},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The past year has seen a continuing flood of papers and new
     ideas spanning the entire range of computer vision. In this
     report we provide pointers to two areas that have received
     particular attention, namely (i) image processing hardware and
     parallel image understanding algorithms, including connectionist
     theories of perception and cognition, and (ii) robotic vision.
     Finally, we provide an annotated review of the literature as in
     (Brady, 1982a; Sections 2 and 3).},
  topic = {computer-vision;parallel-processing;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@article{ brady_m:1985a,
  author = {Michael Brady},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and Robotics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {79--121},
  topic = {robotics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brady_m:1993a,
  author = {Michael Brady},
  title = {Computational Vision},
  booktitle = {The Simulation of Human Intelligence},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Donald Broadbent},
  pages = {121--150},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
  } 

@article{ brady_m-hu:1994a,
  author = {Michael Brady and Huosheng Hu},
  title = {The Mind of a Robot},
  journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A:
  	Physical Sciences and Engineering},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {349},
  number = {1689},
  pages = {5--28},
  note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;robotics;minimalist-robotics;
  	motion-planning;reasoning-about-uncertainty;computer-vision;}  
  } 

@book{ brady_ra:2002a,
  author = {Ross Thomas Brady},
  title = {Relevant Logics and Their Rivals, Volume {II}},
  publisher = {Ashgate Publishing Co.},
  year = {19},
  address = {Brookfield, Vermont},
  ISBN = {0 7546 1113 2},
  topic = {relevance-logic;} 
 } 

@article{ brady_rt:1990a,
  author = {Ross T. Brady},
  title = {The {G}entzenization and Decidability of {RW}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {35--73},
  topic = {relevance-logic;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ brady_rt:1991a,
  author = {Ross T. Brady},
  title = {Gentzenization and Decidability of Some Contraction-Less
		Relevant Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--117},
  topic = {proof-theory;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ brady_rt:1992a,
  author = {Ross T. Brady},
  title = {Hierarchical Semantics for Relevant Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {357--374},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ brady_rt:1994a,
  author = {Ross T. Brady},
  title = {Rules in Relevant Logic---{I}: Semantic Classification},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2},
  pages = {111--137},
  topic = {relevance-logic;inference-rules;}  
  } 

@article{ brady_rt:1996a,
  author = {Ross T. Brady},
  title = {Relevant Implication and the Case for a Weaker Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {151--183},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ brady_rt:1996b,
  author = {Ross T. Brady},
  title = {Gentzenization of Relevant Logics Without Distribution, {I}},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {353--378},
  topic = {relevance-logic;cut-free-deduction;}  
  } 

@article{ brady_rt:1996c,
  author = {Ross T. Brady},
  title = {Gentzenization of Relevant Logics Without Distribution, {II}},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {379--401},
  topic = {relevance-logic;cut-free-deduction;}  
  } 

@article{ brady_rt:1996d,
  author = {Ross T. Brady},
  title = {Gentzenization of Relevant Logics With Distribution},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {402--420},
  topic = {relevance-logic;cut-free-deduction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brafman-etal:1994a,
  author = {Ronen Brafman and J.-C. Latombe},
  title = {Knowledge as a Tool in Motion Planning Under Uncertainty},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {208--224},
  address = {San Francisco},
  missinginfo = {Au's 1st name.},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;cognitive-robotics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brafman-tennenholtz:1994a,
  author = {Ronen Brafman and Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {Belief Ascription and Mental-Level Modeling},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {87--98},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;propositional-attitudes;agent-modeling;belief;
  	reasoning-about-mental-states;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brafman-friedman:1995a,
  author = {Ronen Brafman and Nir Friedman},
  title = {On Decision-Theoretic Foundations for Defaults},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {1458--1465},
  topic = {decision-theory;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brafman-shoham_y1:1995a,
  author = {Ronen Brafman and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Knowledge Considerations in Robotics and Distribution
  	of Robotic Tasks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {96--102},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;reasoning-about-knowledge;
  	foundations-of-robotics;distributed-systems;task-allocation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brafman-tennenholtz:1995a,
  author = {Ronen Brafman and Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {Towards Action Prediction Using a Mental-Level Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {2010--2016},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;reasoning-about-mental-states;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brafman:1996a,
  author = {Ronen I. Brafman},
  title = {\,`Statistical' First Order Conditionals},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {398--409},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {conditionals;probability;nonmonotonic-conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brafman-tennenholtz:1997a1,
  author = {Ronen Brafman and Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {On the Axiomatization of Qualitative Decision
        Criteria},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {29--34},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  xref = {Conference publication: brafman-tennenholtz:1997a2.},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brafman-tennenholtz:1997a2,
  author = {Ronen I. Brafman and Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {On the Axiomatization of Qualitative Decision Criteria},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 1},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {76--81},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brafman-tennenholtz:1997b,
  author = {Ronen Brafman and Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {On Decision-Theoretic Foundations for Defaults},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ brafman-tennenholtz:1997c,
  author = {Ronen Brafman and Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {Modeling Agents as Qualitative Decision Makers},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {217--268},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;agent-modeling;}  
  } 

@article{ brafman-etal:1998a,
  author = {Ronen I. Brafman and Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {On the Knowledge Requirements of Tasks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {98},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {317--349},
  topic = {cognitive-robotics;knowledge-based-programming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brafman-tennenholtz:1998a,
  author = {Ronan Brafman and Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {On the Axiomatization of Qualitative Decision Criteria},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan},
  pages = {76--81},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;}  
  } 

@article{ brafman-tennenholtz:2000a,
  author = {Ronen Brafman and Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {A Near-Optimal Polynomial Time Algorithm for
  	Learning in Certain Classes of Stochastic Games},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {121},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {31--47},
  topic = {stochastic-games;multiagent-systems;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ brafman-friedman_n:2001a,
  author = {Ronen I. Brafman and Nir Friedman},
  title = {On Decision-Theoretic Foundations for Defaults},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {133},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--33},
  topic = {foundations-of-nonmonotonic-logic;decision-theory;
  	nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ braine:1974a,
  author = {Martin D.S. Braine},
  title = {On What Might Constitute Learnable Phonology},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {50},
  pages = {270--299},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {phonology;learnability;}  
  } 

@article{ braine:1979a,
  author = {Martin D.S. Braine},
  title = {On Some Claims about {\em If-Then}},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {35--47},
  contentnote = {Braine claims that the counterexamples to transitivity
  	are flawed.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ braine-obrian:1997a,
  editor = {Martin D.S. Braine and David P. O'Brian},
  title = {Mental Logic},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0-8058-2388-3},
  xref = {Review: tanaka_k2:2001b.},
  topic = {logic-and-cognition;}  
 } 

@book{ braithwaite:1931a,
  editor = {R.B. Braithwaite},
  title = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank
  	{P}. {R}amsey},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1931},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {logic-classics;}  
 } 

@article{ brame:1975a,
  author = {Michael K. Brame},
  title = {On the Abstractness of Syntactic Structure: The {VP}
  	Controversy},
  journal = {Linguistic Analysis},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {191--203},
  topic = {nl-syntax;} 
  } 

@article{ brame:1977a,
  author = {Michael K. Brame},
  title = {Alternatives to the Tensed {S} and Specified
  	Subject Conditions},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {381--411},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@article{ brams-etal:2001a,
  author = {Steven J. Brams and Paul H. Edelman and Peter C. Fishburn},
  title = {Paradoxes of Fair Division},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {98},
  number = {6},
  pages = {300--314},
  topic = {welfare-economics;rationality;}  
  } 

@article{ branch:1977a,
  author = {Taylor Branch},
  title = {New Frontiers in {A}merican Philosophy},
  journal = {The New York Times Magazine},
  year = {1977},
  note = {August 14, 1977},
  topic = {Kripke;analytic-philosophy;}  
  } 

@book{ brand-walton:1976a,
  editor = {Myles Brand and Douglas Walton},
  title = {Action Theory: Proceedings of the {W}innipeg Conference On
  	Human Action, held at {W}innipeg, {M}anitoba, {C}anada, 9-11 {M}ay
	1975},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027706719},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@article{ brand_d:1976a,
  author = {D. Brand},
  title = {Analytic Resolution in Theorem Proving},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {285--318},
  topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;}  
  } 

@article{ brand_m:1970a,
  author = {Myles Brand},
  title = {Causes of Actions},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {67},
  number = {21},
  pages = {932--947},
  topic = {action;causality;}  
  } 

@book{ brand_m:1970b,
  editor = {Myles Brand},
  title = {The Nature of Human Action},
  publisher = {Scott, Foresman and Company},
  year = {1970},
  address = {Glenview, California},
  topic = {action;}  
 } 

@book{ brand_m:1976a,
  editor = {Myles Brand},
  title = {The Nature of Causation},
  publisher = {University of Illinois Press},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Urbana, Illinois},
  contentnote = {This contains a useful survey in the introductory
  	chapter on the problem of defining causation.},
  topic = {causality;}  
 } 

@book{ brand_m-walton_d:1976a,
  editor = {Myles Brand and Douglas Walton},
  title = {Action Theory},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027706719},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@book{ brand_m:1984a,
  author = {Myles Brand},
  title = {Intending and Acting: Toward a Naturalized Action Theory},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@incollection{ brand_m:1986a,
  author = {Myles Brand},
  title = {Intentional Acts and Plans},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {213--230},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {intention;action;volition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brand_m:1989a,
  author = {Myles Brand},
  title = {Proximate Causation of Action},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {423--442},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {reasons-for-action;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brandano:1999a,
  author = {Sergio Brandano},
  title = {${\cal K}$-{RAC}i},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
	Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Michael Thielscher},
  pages = {9--16},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {action-formalisms;reasoning-about-continuous-time;
		concurrent-actions;continuous-change;}  
  } 

@article{ brandenberger-dekel:1987a,
  author = {A. Brandenberger and E. Dekel},
  title = {Common Knowledge With Probability {I}},
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Economics},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {237--245},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {mutual-belief;probability;}  
  } 

@book{ brandom:1994a,
  author = {Robert B. Brandom},
  title = {Making It Explicit: Reasoning, Representing, and Discursive
    Commitment},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {067454319X (alk. paper)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ brandom:1998a,
  author = {Robert Brandom},
  title = {Actions, Norms, and Practical Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {127--139},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {ethics;practical-reason;volition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brandt:1963a,
  author = {Richard Brandt},
  title = {Toward a Credible Form of Utilitarianism},
  booktitle = {Morality and the Language of Conduct},
  editor = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~{n}eda and George Nakhnikian},
  publisher = {Wayne State University Press},
  year = {1963},
  pages = {107--144},
  topic = {utilitarianism;ethics;}  
    } 

@article{ brandt-kim_jw:1963a,
  author = {Richard Brandt and Jaegwon Kim},
  title = {Wants as Explanations of Actions},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {63},
  number = {18},
  pages = {425--435},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;} 
  } 

@article{ brandt-kim_jw:1964a,
  author = {Richard Brandt and Jaegwon Kim},
  title = {The Logic of the Identity Theory},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {62},
  number = {24},
  pages = {515--537},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;} 
  } 

@article{ brandt:1983a,
 author = {Richard Brandt},
 title = {The Concept of Rational Action},
 journal = {Social Theory and Practice},
 year = {1983},
 volume = {9},
 pages = {143--163},
  missinginfo = {number},
 topic = {rational-action;practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ brandt-etal:2002a,
  author = {Sebastian Brandt and Ralf K\"usters and Anni-Yasmin Turhan},
  title = {Approximation and Difference in Description Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {203--214},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ branko:1998a,
  author = {Ant\'onio Branko},
  title = {The Logical Structure of Binding},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {181--185},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {binding-thoery;quantification;}  
} 

@book{ bransford:1979a,
  author = {John D. Bransford},
  title = {Human Cognition: Learning, Understanding, and Remembering},
  publisher = {Wadsworth Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Belmont, California},
  ISBN = {053400699X},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ branting:1991a,
  author = {L. Karl Branting},
  title = {Building Explanations from Rules and Structured Cases},
  journal = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies},
  volume = {34},
  number = {6},
  pages = {797--837},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {explanation;case-based-reasoning;}  
    } 

@inproceedings{ branting:1991b,
  author = {L. Karl Branting},
  title = {Reasoning with Portions of Precedents},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International
    	         Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law
				 (ICAIL-91)},
  publisher = {ACM Press},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {145--154},
  topic = {legal-AI;}  
    } 

@article{ branting:1994a,
  author = {L. Karl Branting},
  title = {A Computational Model of {\em Ratio Decidendi}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence and Law},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1--31},
  year = {1994},
  topic = {legal-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brants:1996a,
  author = {Thorston Brants},
  title = {Better Language Models with Model Merging},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {60--68},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-statistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brants-etal:1997a,
  author = {Thorstein Brants and Wojciech Skut and Brigitte Krenn},
  title = {Tagging Grammatical Functions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {64--74},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;corpus-linguistics;
		part-of-speech-tagging;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brants-skut:1998a,
  author = {Thorsten Brants and Wojciech Skut},
  title = {Automation of Treebank Annotation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in 
  	Language Processing and Computational Natural Language
	Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {David M.W. Powers},
  pages = {49--57},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-annotation;automated-corpus-annotation;statistical-nlp;
  	treebank-annotation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brass:1993a,
  author = {Stephen Brass},
  title = {On the Semantics of Supernormal Defaults},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {578--583},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  contentnote = {A supernormal default has form True:A/A, i.e., ~~> A.
  	This has a semantics with completeness result.},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brass-etal:1996a,
  author = {Stefan Brass and J\"urgen Dix and Teodor C. Przymusinski},
  title = {Super Logic Programs},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {529--539},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;logic-programming;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brass-etal:1998a,
  author = {Stefan Brass and J\"urgen Dix and Ilkka Niemel\"a
		and Teodor C. Przmusinski},
  title = {A Comparison of the Static and the Disjunctive
		Well-Founded Semantics and its Implementation},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {74--85},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;logic-programming;disjunctive-logic-programming;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ brass-etal:1999a,
  author = {Stefan Brass and J\"urgen Dix and Teodor C. Przymusinski},
  title = {Computation of the Semantics of Autoepistemic Belief
  	Theories},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {112},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {233--250},
  topic = {autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ bratman:1984a,
  author = {Michael E. Bratman},
  title = {Two Faces of Intention},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {93},
  pages = {375--405},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {intention;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bratman:1986a,
  author = {Michael Bratman},
  title = {Intention and Evaluation},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {185--189},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {intention;}  
  } 

@book{ bratman:1987a,
  author = {Michael E. Bratman},
  title = {Intentions, Plans and Practical Reason},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1987},
  topic = {action;practical-reasoning;foundations-of-planning;}  
 } 

@article{ bratman-etal:1988a1,
  author = {Michael E. Bratman and David Israel and Martha Pollack},
  title = {Plans and Resource-Bounded Practical Reasoning},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {349--355},
  contentnote = {This is the original IRMA paper.
  Idea: a plan's main purpose is to filter future
  intentions, thus keeping an agent from constantly replanning.
  Suggest an architecture for resource bounded agents w/
  compatibility filter and filter override mechanism, that allows
  means-ends reasoning. The trick is to allow replanning only via a
  filter override. Can show it is impossible to design an optimal
  agent, introduce notions of cautious agent vs. bold agent.},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Reprinted in cummins_r-pollock:1991a, pp. 7--22.},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bratman-etal:1988a2,
  author = {Michael E. Bratman and David Israel and Martha Pollack},
  title = {Plans and Resource-Bounded Practical Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock},
  pages = {1--22},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of bratman-etal:1988a1.},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bratman:1989a,
  author = {Michael E. Bratman},
  title = {Intention and Personal Policies},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {443--469},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {intention;practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bratman:1990a,
  author = {Michael E. Bratman},
  title = {What is Intention?},
  booktitle = {Intentions in Communication},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack},
  pages = {15--32},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {intention;practical-reasoning;foundations-of-planning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bratman:1995a,
 author = {Michael E. Bratman},
 title = {Plans and Resource-Bounded Practical Reasoning},
 booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theories and Applications},
 year = {1995},
 organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
 address = {Menlo Park, California},
 missinginfo = {pages},
 topic = {action;foundations-of-planning;}  
 } 

@book{ bratman:1999a,
  author = {Michael E. Bratman},
  title = {Faces of Intention},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052163727},
  topic = {intention;philosophy-of-action;practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ bratman:2000a,
  author = {Michael E. Bratman},
  title = {Reflection, Planning, and Temporally Extended Agency},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {109},
  number = {1},
  pages = {35--61},
  topic = {agancy;practical-reason;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bratman:2000b,
  author = {Michael E. Bratman},
  title = {Valuing and the Will},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {249--265},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {desire;volition;}  
  } 

@article{ braun:1995a,
  author = {David Braun},
  title = {What is Character?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {227--240},
  topic = {demonstratives;indexicals;context;}  
  } 

@article{ braun:1996a,
  author = {David Braun},
  title = {Demonstratives and Their Linguistic Meanings},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {30},
  number = {2},
  pages = {145--173},
  topic = {demonstratives;indexicals;context;}  
  } 

@article{ brauner:2002a,
  author = {Torben Bra\"uner},
  title = {Modal Logic, Truth, and the Master Modality},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {31},
  number = {4},
  pages = {359--386},
  topic = {modal-logic;Davidson-semantics;truth-definitions;} 
  } 

@book{ brazdil-konolige:1990a,
  editor = {Pavel B. Brazdil and Kurt Konolige},
  title = {Machine Learning, Meta-Reasoning, and Logics},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Boston},
  ISBN = {0792390474},
  topic = {machine-learning;logic-in-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ brazil-etal:1980a,
  author = {D. Brazil and M. Coulthard and C. Johns},
  title = {Discourse Intonation and Language Teaching},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1980},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {discourse;intonation;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bredenkamp-etal:1997a,
  author = {Andres Bredenkamp and Louisa Sadler and Andrew
       		Spencer},
  title = {Investigating Argument Structure: The {R}ussian
		Nominalization Database},
  booktitle = {Linguistic Databases},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {John Nerbonne},
  pages = {137--159},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;argument-structure;Russian-language;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ breese-fehling:1990a,
  author = {John S. Breese and Michael R. Fehling},
  title = {Control of Problem Solving: Principles and Architecture},
  booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 4},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Ross D. Shachter and T.S.Levitt and J. Lemmer and L.N. Kanal},
  pages = {59--68},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {decision-theoretic-planning;decision-theoretic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ breese-horvitz:1990a,
 author = {John S. Breese and Eric J. Horvitz},
 title = {Ideal Reformulation of Belief Networks},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on
			Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence},
 year = {1990},
 pages = {64--72},
 month = {July},
 topic = {Bayesian-networks;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bremermann:1967a,
  author = {H.J. Bremermann},
  title = {Quantifiable Aspects of Goal-Seeking
  	Self-Organizing Systems},
  booktitle = {Progress in Theoretical Biology, Volume 1},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1967},
  editor = {Fred M. Snell},
  pages = {59--77},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {Bremmermann's-limit;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ brennan:1996a,
  author = {Susan E. Brennan},
  title = {Lexical Entrainment in Spontaneous Dialog},
  booktitle = {International Symposium on Spoken Dialog},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {41--44},
  missinginfo = {author, publisher, address},
  topic = {discourse;entrainment;}  
  } 

@article{ brennan-clark_hh:1996a,
  author = {Susan E. Brennan and Herbert H. Clark},
  title = {Conceptual Pacts and Lexical Choice and in Conversation},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory
  	and Cognition},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1482--1493},
  topic = {lexical-choice;pragmatics;entrainment;psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brennan:1997a,
  author = {Susan E. Brennan},
  title = {Centering as a Psychological Resource
       		for Achieving Joint Reference in Spontaneous Discourse},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {227--249},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;centering;
  	psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@book{ brennan-etal:1999a,
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  title = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  contentnote = {TC:
	1. David Albritton and Johanna D. Moore, "Discourse Cues
			in Narrative Text: Using Production to Predict
			Conversation", pp. 1--8
	2. A.H. Anderson and J. Mullin and E. Katsavras and R. McEwan
			and E. Grattan and P. Brundell, "Understanding
			Multiparty Multimedia Interactions", pp. 9--16
	3. Rainer Bromme and Matthias N\"uckles and Riklef Rambow,
			"Adaptivity and Anticipation in Expert-Laypeople
			Communication", pp. 17--24
	4. Janet E. Cahn and Susan E. Brennan, "A Psychological
			Model of Grounding and Repair in Dialog", pp. 25--33
	5. Justine Cassell and Matthew Stone, "Living Hand to Mouth:
			Psychological Theories about Speech and Gesture in
			Interactive Dialogue Systems", pp. 34--42
	6. Herbert H. Clark, "How Do Real People Communicate with
			Virtual Partners?", pp. 43--47
	7. Mark G. Core and Lenhart K. Schubert, "A Model of Speech
			Repairs and Other Disruptions", pp. 48--53
	8. Patrick G.T. Healey, "Accounting for Communication:
			Estimating Effort, Transparency and Coherence",
			pp. 54--60
	9. Jean-Claude Martin, "{TYCOON}, Six Primitive Types of
			Cooperation for Observing, Estimating, and Specifying
			Cooperations", pp. 61--66
       10. Michael Matessa and John Anderson, Towards an {ACT-R} 
			Model of Communication in Problem Solving", pp. 67--72
       11. Andrew Monk, "Participatory Status in Electronically Mediated
			Collaborative Work", pp. 73--80
       12. Eamonn O'Neill and Peter Johnson, "Task Knowledge Structures
			and the Design of Collaborative Systems", pp. 81--84
       13. Tim Paek and Eric Horvitz, "Uncertainty, Utility, and
			Misunderstanding: A Decision-Theoretic Perspective
			on Grounding in Conversational Systems", pp. 85--92
       14. Donald Perlis and Khemdut Purang and Darsana Purushothaman and
			Carl Anderson and David Traum, "Modeling Time and
			Meta-Reasoning in Dialogue via Inductive Logic",
			pp. 93--99.
       15. Charles Rich and Candace L. Sidner, "{COLLAGEN}: Project
			Summary and Discussion Questions", pp. 100--107
       16. Michael F. Schober and Frederic G. Conrad and Jonathan E.
			Bloom, "Enhancing Collaboration in
			Computer-Administered
			Survey Interviews", pp. 108--115
       17. Amy Soller and Alan Lesgold and Frank Linton and Brad
			Goodwin, "What Makes Peer Interaction Effective?
			Modeling Effective Communication in an Intelligent
			CSCL", pp. 116--124
       18. David R. Traum, "Computational Models of Grounding in
			Collaborative Systems", pp. 124--131
       19. Teresa Zollo, "A study of Human Dialogue Strategies in
			the presence of Speech Recognition Errors",
			pp. 132--139
	},
  topic = {discourse;collaboration;}  
 } 

@incollection{ brennan:2000a,
  author = {Susan E. Brennan},
  title = {The Vocabulary Problem in Spoken Language Systems},
  booktitle = {Automatic Spoken Dialog Systems},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Susann Luperfoy},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;lexical-selection;entrainment;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brennan:2002a,
  author = {Susan Brennan},
  title = {Audience Design and Discourse Processes: Do
     		Speakers and Addressees},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {1},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {entrainment;psychology-of-discourse;} 
  } 

@book{ brennenstuhl:1982a,
  author = {Waltraud Brennenstuhl},
  title = {Control and Ability: Towards a Biocybernetics of Language},
  publisher = {J. Benjamins Pub. Co.},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {9027225222 (pbk.)},
  topic = {ability;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ brennenstuhl:1983a,
  author = {Waltrund Brennenstuhl},
  title = {A Door's Closing---A Contribution to the
  	Semantics of Tense and Aspect},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Institut f\"ur Linguistik,
		Technische Universit\"at Berlin},
  xref = {First sections overlap with brennenstuhl:1983b.},
  topic = {vagueness;tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brennenstuhl:1983b,
  author = {Waltrund Brennenstuhl},
  title = {A Door's Closing---A Contribution to the Vagueness
  	Semantics of Tense and Aspect},
  booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal},
  pages = {293--316},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {vagueness;tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@book{ brent:1996a,
  author = {Michael R. Brent},
  title = {Computational Approaches to Language Generation},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;L1-acquisition;}  
 } 

@article{ bresnan:1972a,
  author = {Joan Bresnan},
  title = {Stress and Syntax: a Reply},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {48},
  pages = {326--342},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {s-topic;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ bresnan:1975a,
  author = {Joan Bresnan},
  title = {Comparative Deletion and Constraints on Transformations},
  journal = {Linguistic Analysis},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {25--74},
  topic = {nl-syntax;comparative-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ bresnan:1976a,
  author = {Joan Bresnan},
  title = {Evidence for a Theory of Unbounded Transformations},
  journal = {Linguistic Analysis},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {353--393},
  topic = {nl-syntax;long-distance-dependencies;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bresnan:1977a,
  author = {Joan Bresnan},
  title = {Variables in the Theory of Transformations Part {I}:
  	Bounded Versus Unbounded Transformations},
  booktitle = {Formal Syntax},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {Peter W. Culicover and Thomas Wasow and Adrian Akmajian},
  pages = {157--196},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bresnan:1977b,
  author = {Joan Bresnan},
  title = {Transformations and Categories in Syntax},
  booktitle = {Basic Problems in Methodology and Linguistics},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {Robert E. Butts and Jaakko Hintikka},
  pages = {261--282},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-syntax;syntactic-categories;LF;}  
  } 

@techreport{ bresnan:1980a,
  author = {Joan Bresnan},
  title = {The Passive in Lexical Theory},
  institution = {Center for Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of
  	Technology},
  number = {Occasional Paper No. 7},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess},
  topic = {passive;LFG;}  
  } 

@article{ bresnan:1981a,
  author = {Joan Bresnan},
  title = {An Approach to Universal Grammar and the Mental
  	Representation of Language},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {39--52},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {foundations-of-universal-grammar;nl-syntax-and-cognition;}  
  } 

@book{ bresnan:1982a,
  editor = {Joan Bresnan},
  title = {The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: schachter_p:1985a.},
  ISBN = {0262021587},
  topic = {grammatical-relations;nl-syntax;LFG;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bresnan-mchombo:1987a,
  author = {Joan Bresnan and Sam A. Mchombo},
  title = {Topic, Pronoun, and Agreement in Chiche\^wa},
  booktitle = {Working Papers in Grammatical Theory and Discourse
  	Structure},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Masayo Iida Stephen Wechsler and Draga Zec},
  pages = {1--59},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  contentnote = {This is a detailed attempt to account for a language
  	in which topic plays a prominent role in the grammar.},
  topic = {s-topic;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ bresnan:2001a,
  author = {Joan Bresnan},
  title = {Lexical-Functional Syntax},
  publisher = {Blackwell},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631209735},
  topic = {LFG;}  
 } 

@article{ bressan:1974a,
  author = {Aldo Bressan},
  title = {On the Semantics for the Language {ML}$^{\nu}$ Based
  	on a Type System, and those for the Type-Free Language
	{ML}$^{\infty}*$},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {171--194},
  topic = {intensional-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ bressan:1993a,
  author = {Aldo Bressan},
  title = {On {G}upta's Book {\it {T}he Logic of Common Nouns}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {4},
  pages = {335--383},
  xref = {Review of: gupta_a:1980a.},
  topic = {semantics-of-common-nouns;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bretier-etal:1995a,
  author = {F. Bretier and F. Panaget and M.D. Sadek},
  title = {Integrating Linguistic Capabilities into the Formal Model
  	of a Rational Agent: Application to Cooperative Spoken
	Dialogue},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Michael Fehling},
  pages = {15--14},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {communications-modeling;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bretier-sadek:1995a,
  author = {F. Bretier and M.D. Sadek},
  title = {Designing and Implementing a Theory of Rational
  	Interaction to be the Core of a Cooperative Spoken
	Dialogue System},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Michael Fehling},
  pages = {10--19},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {communications-modeling;cooperation;}  
  } 

@article{ brew:2001a,
  author = {Chris Brew},
  title = {Review of {\it Lexicon Development for Speech and Language
  	Processing}, edited by {F}rank {V}an {E}ynde and {D}affyd
	{G}ibbon},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {459--461},
  xref = {Review of: vaneynde-gibbon:2000a.},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brewka:1987a,
  author = {Gerhard Brewka},
  title = {The Logic of Frames With Exceptions},
  booktitle = {The Frame Problem in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings
  	of the 1987 Workshop},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Frank M. Brown},
  pages = {77--87},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;specificity;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brewka:1987b,
  author = {Gerhard Brewka},
  title = {The Logic of Inheritance in Frame Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {483--488},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;frames;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ brewka:1989a,
  author = {Gerhard Brewka},
  title = {Preferred Subtheories: An Extended Logical Theory for
  	Default Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {1043--1048},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brewka:1991a,
  author = {Gerhard Brewka},
  title = {Assertional Default Theories},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {120--124},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {default-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ brewka:1991b,
  author = {Gerhard Brewka},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning: Logical Foundations of Commonsense},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ brewka:1991c,
  author = {Gerhard Brewka},
  title = {Cumulative Default Logic: in Defense of Nonmonotonic
  	Inference Rules},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {50},
  number = {2},
  pages = {183--205},
  topic = {default-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brewka-etal:1991a,
  author = {Gerhard Brewka and David C. Makinson and Karl Schlechta},
  title = {Cumulative Inference Relations for {JTMS} and
  	Logic Programming},
  booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt},
  pages = {1--12},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;truth-maintenance;stable-models;cumulativity;}  
  } 

@book{ brewka-etal:1993a,
  editor = {Gerhardt Brewka and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt},
  title = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics: Proceedings of the
  	Second International Workshop, Reinhardsbrunn Castle,
	Germany, December 2--6, 1991.},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name},
  ISBN = {3-540-56433-0},
  contentnote = {Blurb: The volume opens with an extended version of
    a tutorial on nonmonotonic logic by G.  Brewka, J. Dix, and K.
    Konolige.  Fifteen selected papers follow, on a variety of
    topics.  The majority of papers belong either to the area of
    nonmonotonic reasoning or to the field of inductive inference,
    but some papers integrate research from both areas.  The first
    workshop in this series was held at the University of Karlsruhe
    in December 1990 and its proceedings were published as Lecture
    Notes in Artificial Intelligence Volume 543.
   } ,
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;induction;inductive-inference;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ brewka-hertzberg:1993a,
  author = {Gerhard Brewka and  J. Hertzberg},
  title = {How to Do Things with Worlds: On Formalizing Actions
  	and Plans},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {517--532},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brewka-konolige:1993a,
  author = {Gerhard Brewka and Kurt Konolige},
  title = {An Abductive Framework for General Logic Programs
  	and Other Nonmonotonic Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
     Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {9--15},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {kr;abduction;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brewka:1994a,
  author = {Gerhardt Brewka},
  title = {Reasoning about Priorities in Default Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf},
  pages = {940--945},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-prioritization;kr-course;
	default-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brewka:1994b,
  author = {Gerhard Brewka},
  title = {A Reconstruction of {R}escher's Theory of Formal Disputation
  	Based on Default Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh European Conference on
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {A. Cohn},
  pages = {366--370},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {Editor's 1st name},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;argumentation;}  
  } 

@article{ brewka:1996a,
  author = {Gerhardt Brewka},
  title = {Well-Founded Semantics for Extended Logic Programs with
  	Dynamic Preferences},
  journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {19--36},
  contentnote = {Prioritized reasoning in logic programs with two
  	negations.  Legal example.},
  topic = {logic-programming;nonmonotonic-prioritization;
		extended-logic-programming;}  
  } 

@book{ brewka:1996b,
  editor = {Gerhard Brewka},
  title = {Principles of Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1.  Didier Dubois and Henri Prade, "Non-standard
		Theories of Uncertainty in Plausible
		Reasoning", pp. 1--32
  	2.  Judea Pearl and Mois\'es Goldszmidt, "Probabilistic
		foundations of reasoning with conditionals", pp. 33--68
  	3.  Vladimir Lifschitz, "Foundations of Logic
		Programming", pp. 69--127
  	4.  Kurt Konolige, "Abductive Theories in Artificial
		Intelligence", pp. 129--152
  	5.  Stefan Wrobel, "Inductive Logic Programming", pp. 153--189
  	6.  Francesco M. Donini and Maurizio Lenzerini and
		Daniele Nardi and Andrea Schaerf, "Reasoning
		in Description Logics", pp. 191--236
  	7.  Bernhard Nebel, "Artificial Intelligence: A Computational
		Perspective", pp. 237--266
  	8.  Oskar Dressler and Peter Strauss, "The Consistency-Based
		Approach to Automated Diagnosis of Devices", pp. 267--311
  	},
  ISBN = {1575860570},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;kr-survey;}  
 } 

@book{ brewka-etal:1997a,
  author = {Gerhard Brewka and J\"urgen Dix and Kurt Konolige},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning: An Overview},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Stanford},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
 } 

@book{ brewka-etal:1997b,
  editor = {Gerhard Brewka and Christopher Habel and Bernhard Nebel},
  title = {Ki-97, Advances in Artificial Intelligence: 21st
  	Annual {G}erman Conference on Artificial Intelligence,
	Freiburg, Germany, September 9-12, 1997},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540634932 (softcover)},
  topic = {AI-general;}  
 } 

@incollection{ brewka-eiter:1998a,
  author = {Gerhard Brewka and Thomas Eiter},
  title = {Preferred Answer Sets for Extended Logic Programs},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {86--97},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;logic-programming;kr-course;extended-logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ brewka-eiter:1999a,
  author = {Gerhard Brewka and Thomas Eiter},
  title = {Preferred Answer Sets for Extended Logic Programs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {109},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {297--356},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;default-preferences;
  	logic-programming;extended-logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ brewka:2001a,
  author = {Gerhard Brewka},
  title = {Representing Meta-Knowledge in {P}oole Systems},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {2},
  pages = {153--165},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;metareasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brewka-etal:2002a,
  author = {Gerhard Brewka and Salem Benferhat and Daniel Le Berre},
  title = {Qualitative Choice Logic},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {158--},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;qualitative-utility;preferences;} 
  } 

@article{ brice-fennema:1970a,
  author = {Claude R. Brice and Claude L. Fennema},
  title = {Scene Analysis Using Regions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {205--226},
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bridgeland-huhns:1990a,
 author = {David M. Bridgeland and Michael N. Huhns},
 title = {Distributed Truth Maintenance},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@book{ bridgeman-etal:1965a,
  author = {Loraine I. Bridgeman and Dale Dillinger and Constance Higgins
		and P. David Seaman and Floyd A. Shank},
  title = {Further Classes of Adjectives},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {adjectives;}  
 } 

@article{ bridges:1995a,
  author = {Douglas S. Bridges},
  title = {Constructive Mathematics and Unbounded Operators---A Reply to
		Hellman},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {5},
  pages = {549--561},
  xref = {Comment on hellman:1993a.},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ bridges:1999a,
  author = {Douglas S. Bridges},
  title = {Can Constructive Mathematics Be Applied
  	in Physics?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {5},
  pages = {439--453},
  topic = {constructive-mathematics;
  	foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;}  
  } 

@article{ bridges:2000a,
  author = {Douglas S. Bridges},
  title = {Can Constructive Mathematics Be Applied in Physics?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {5},
  pages = {439--453},
  topic = {constructive-mathematics;mathematics-in-the-sciences;}  
  } 

@article{ bridges:2002a,
  author = {Douglas Bridges},
  title = {Review of {\it Computable Calculus}, by Oliver Aberth},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {426--428},
  xref = {Review of: aberth:2001a.},
  topic = {constructive-mathematics;automated-algebra;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ briggs-cook:1995a,
  author = {Will Briggs and Diane Cook},
  title = {Flexible Social Laws},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {688--693},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  contentnote = {Cost of communication.},
  topic = {multiagent-planning;distributed-AI;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ brill:1992a,
  author = {Eric Brill},
  title = {A Simple Rule-Based Part-of-Speech Tagger},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of {ANLP}-92, 3rd Conference on Applied
    	Natural Language Processing},
  address = {Trento},
  pages = {152--155},
  year = {1992},
  note = {URL: citeseer.nj.nec.com/brill92simple.html},
  topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;}  
 } 

@techreport{ brill_d:1993a,
  author = {David Brill},
  title = {{LOOM} Reference Manual Version 2.0},
  institution = {University of Southern California},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Los Angeles California},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;} ,
  } 

@inproceedings{ brill_e:1995a,
  author = {Eric Brill},
  title = {Unsupervised Learning of Disambiguation Rules for
	Part of Speech Tagging},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very
		Large Corpora},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {1--13},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-tagging;part-of-speech-tagging;machine-learning;
	corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ brill_e:1995b,
  author = {Eric Brill},
  title = {Transformation-Based Error-Driven Learning and Natural 
  	Language Processing: A Case Study in Part-of_Speech Tagging},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {543--565},
  topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ brill_e-church_kw:1996a,
  editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church},
  title = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. I. Dan Melamed, "A Geometric Approach to Mapping Bitext
			Correspondence"
     2. Xuanyin Xia and Dekai Wu, "Parsing {C}hinese with
			Almost-Context-Free Grammar"
     3. R. Basili and A. Marziali and M.T. Pazienza and P. Velardi,
			"Unsupervised Learning of Syntactic Knowledge:  Methods
			and Measures"
     4. Marie Meteer and Rukmini Iyer, "Modeling Conversational Speech
			for Speech Recognition"
     5. Mesaaki Nagata, "Automatic Extraction of New Words from {J}apanese
			Texts Using Generalized Forward-Backward Search"
     6. Thorston Brants, "Better Language Models with Model Merging"
     7. Kemal Oflazer and Gokhan Tur, "Combining Hand-Crafted Rules and
			Unsupervised Learning in Constraint-Based Morphological
			Disambiguation"
     8. Raymond J. Mooney, "Comparative Experiments on Disambiguating
		Word Senses: An Illustration of the Role of Bias in Machine
		Learning"
     9. John Carroll and Ted Briscoe,  "Apportioning Development Effort
		in a Probabilistic {LR} Parsing System through Evaluation
    10. Rebecca Bruce and Janyce Wiebe and Ted Pedersen, "Automating
		Feature Set Selection for Case-Based Learning of Linguistic
			Knowledge"
    11. Claire Cardie, "Automating Feature Set Selection for Case-Based
			Learning of Linguistic Knowledge"
    12. Sharon A. Carabello and Eugene Charniak, "Figures of Merit for
			Best-First Probabilistic Chart Parsing"
    13. Adwait Ratnaparkhi, "A Maximum Entropy Model for Part-of-Speech
			Tagging"
    14. Joshua Goodman, "Efficient Algorithms for Parsing the {DOP} Model"
    } ,
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ brill_e-etal:1998a,
  author = {Eric Brill and Radu Florian and John C. Henderson and
  	Lidia Mangu},
  title = {Beyond N-Grams: Can Linguistic Sophistication Improve
  	Language Modeling?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {186--190},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;}  
} 

@article{ brill_e-mooney:1998a,
  author = {Eric Brill and  Raymond J. Mooney},
  title = {An Overview of Empirical Natural Language Processing},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {13--24},
  topic = {natural-language-processing;corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brill_e-wu_j:1998a,
  author = {Eric Brill and Jun Wu},
  title = {Classifier Combination for Improved Lexical
  	Disambiguation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {191--195},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;}  
} 

@article{ bringsjord:1984a,
  author = {Selmer Bringsford},
  title = {Are There Set Theoretic Possible Worlds?},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1984},
  missinginfo = {number, volume, pages},
  topic = {foundations-of-possible-worlds;intensional-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ bringsjord-etal:2000a,
  author = {Selmer Bringsjord and Clarke Caporale and Ron Noel},
  title = {Animals, Zombanimals, and the Total {T}uring Test},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {397--418},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;Turing;}  
  } 

@book{ bringsjord-ferrucci:2000a,
  author = {Selmer Bringsford and David A. Ferrucci},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and Literary Creativity:
  	Inside the Mind of {BRUTUS}, a Storytelling Machine},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0-8058-1987-8 (pbk)},
  xref = {Review: desousa:2000a.},
  topic = {automated-creative-writing;}  
 } 

@incollection{ brink_c-schmidt:1992a,
  author = {Chris Brink and Renate A. Schmidt},
  title = {Subsumption Computed Algbraically},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {329--342},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {An abstact, algebraic semantics
  	for description logics.  See dionne-etal:1992a.},
  topic = {kr;classifier-algorithms;equational-logic;kr-course;
  	taxonomic-logics;algebraic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ brink_c:1997a,
  author = {Chris Brink},
  title = {Review of {\it Logic and Information Flow}, by {J}an van
   {E}ijk and {A}lbert {V}isser},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {337--338},
  xref = {Review of vaneijk-visser:1994a.},
  topic = {theory-of-computation;dynamic-logic;information-processing;
  	information-flow-theory;theories-of-information;}  
  } 

@article{ brink_d:1994a,
  author = {David Brink},
  title = {Moral Conflict and Its Structure},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {103},
  number = {2},
  pages = {215--248},
  topic = {moral-conflict;}  
  } 

@book{ briscoe-etal:1993a,
  editor = {Ted Briscoe and Valeria de Paiva and Ann Copestake},
  title = {Inheritance, Defaults, and the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Bob Carpenter, "Skeptical and Credulous Default Unification
     		with Applications to Templates and Inheritance"
     2. Roger Evans and Gerald Gazdar and Lionel Moser, "Prioritised
     		Multiple Inheritance in {DATR}"
     3. Lynne J. Cahill , "Some Reflections on the Conversion of the
     		{TIC} Lexicon into {DATR}"
     4. Michael Morreau, "Norms or Inference Tickets?  A Frontal
     		Collision between Intuitions"
     5. R\'emi Zajac , "Issues in the Design of a Language for
     		Representing Linguistic Information Based on
		Inheritance and Feature Structures"
     6. Hans-Ulrich Krieger and John Nerbonne, "Feature-Based 
     		Inheritance Networks for Computational Lexicons"
     7. Graham Russell et al., "A Practical Approach to multiple
     		Default Inheritance for Unification-Based Lexicons"
     8. Ann Copestake et al., "The {ACQUILEX} {LKB}: An Introduction"
     9. Valeria De Paiva, "Types and Constraints in the {LKB}"
    10. Antonio Sanfilippo, "Defaults in Lexical Representation" 
    11. Ann Copestake, "{LKB} Encoding of Lexical Knowledge"
    12. Piek Vossen and Ann Copestake, "Untangling Definition
    		Structure into Knowledge Representation"
  } ,
  ISBN = {0521430275 (hardback)},
  topic = {inheritance;computational-lexicography;}  
 } 

@techreport{ briscoe:1994a,
  author = {Ted Briscoe},
  title = {Parsing (with) Punctuation},
  institution = {Rank Xerox Research Centre},
  address = {Grenoble, France } ,
  year = {1994},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ briscoe-carroll_jm:1995b,
  author = {Ted Briscoe and John M. Carroll},
  title = {Developing and Evaluating a Probabilistic {LR} Parser
		  of Part-of-Speech and Punctuation Labels},
  pages = {48--58},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of International Workshop on Parsing
		  Technologies},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
  month = {September},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@incollection{ briscoe-etal:1995a,
  author = {Ted Briscoe and Ann Copestake and Alex Lascarides},
  title = {Blocking},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {273--302},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ briscoe:1997a,
  author = {Ted Briscoe},
  title = {Co-Evolution of Language and of the Language Acquisition
  	Device},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {418--427},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {language-learning;parameter-setting;categorial-grammar;
  	inheritance;inheritance-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ briscoe-copestake:1999a,
  author = {Ted Briscoe and Ann Copestake},
  title = {Lexical Rules in Constraint-Based Grammars},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {25},
  number = {4},
  pages = {487--526},
  topic = {constraint-based-grammar;lexical-rules;}  
  } 

@book{ britton-graesser:1996a,
  editor = {Bruce K. Britton and Arthur C. Grasser},
  title = {Models of Understanding Text},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {text-understanding;psycholinguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ britz:1999a,
  author = {K. Britz},
  title = {Algebra for Theory Change},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {429--443},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@book{ broadbent:1993a,
  editor = {Donald Broadbent},
  title = {The Simulation of Human Intelligence},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Roger Penrose, "Setting the Scene: The Claim and the
		Issues", pp. 1--32
	2. Allen Newell and Richard Young and Thad Polk, "The
		Approach through Symbols", pp. 33--70
	3. Dana H. Ballard, "Sub-Symbolic Modeling of Hand-Eye
		Coordination", pp. 71--102
	4. Edmund T. Rolls, "Networks in the Brain", pp. 103--120
	5. Michael Brady, "Computational Vision", pp. 121--150
	6. Gerald Gazdar, "The Handling of Natural Language", pp. 151--177
	7. Margaret A. Boden, "The Impact of Philosophy", pp. 178--197
       10. Donald Broadbent, "Comparison with Human
       		Experiments", pp. 198--217
   } ,
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;philosophy-AI;AI-survey;}  
 } 

@incollection{ broadbent:1993b,
  author = {Donald Broadbent},
  title = {Comparison with Human Experiments},
  booktitle = {The Simulation of Human Intelligence},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Donald Broadbent},
  pages = {198--217},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {foundations-AI;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ broadie:1972a,
  author = {Alexander Broadie},
  title = {Imperatives},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {81},
  number = {322},
  pages = {179--190},
  topic = {imperative-logic;imperatives;} 
  } 

@article{ brockriede-ehringer:1960a1,
  author = {Wayne E. Brockriede and Douiglas Ehringer},
  title = {Toulmin on Argument: An Interpretation and Application},
  journal = {Quarterly Journal of Speech},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {46},
  pages = {44--55},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Reprinted in golden-etal:1976a, see brockriede-ehringer:1960a2},
  topic = {rhetoric;argumentation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brockriede-ehringer:1960a2,
  author = {Wayne E. Brockriede and Douiglas Ehringer},
  title = {Toulmin on Argument: An Interpretation and Application},
  booktitle = {The Rhetoric of {W}estern Thought},
  publisher = {Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {James L. Golden and Goodwin F. Berquist and William E. Coleman},
  pages = {175--198},
  address = {Dubuque, Iowa},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Reprinted see brockriede-ehringer:1960a1},
  topic = {rhetoric;argumentation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brodie:1984b,
  author = {Michael L. Brodie},
  title = {On the Development of Data Models},
  booktitle = {On Conceptual Modelling:  Perspectives from Artificial
  	Intelligence, Databases and Programming Languages},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Michael L. Brodie and John Mylopoulos and Joachim W. Schmidt},
  pages = {19--83},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {databases;data-models;}  
  } 

@book{ brodie-etal:1984a,
  editor = {Michael L. Brodie and John Mylopoulos and Joachim W. Schmidt},
  title = {On Conceptual Modelling:  Perspectives from Artificial
  	Intelligence, Databases and Programming Languages},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {kr;databases;}  
 } 

@incollection{ brody_ba:1978a,
  author = {Baruch A. Brody},
  title = {Kripke on Proper Names},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {75--80},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {reference;proper-names;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brody_m:1982a,
  author = {Michael Brody},
  title = {On Circular Readings},
  booktitle = {Mutual Knowledge},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {N.V. Smith},
  pages = {133--147},
  address = {London},
  topic = {Bach-Peters-sentences;anaphora;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brody_m-manzini:1988a,
  author = {Michael Brody and M. Rita Manzini},
  title = {On Implicit Arguments},
  booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and
  	Reality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Ruth Kempson},
  pages = {105--130},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-semantics;ellipsis;argument-structure;}  
  } 

@book{ brody_m:1995a,
  author = {Michael Brody},
  title = {Lexico-Logical Form: A Radically Minimalist Theory},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-semantics;minimalist-syntax;}  
 } 

@book{ broeder:2000a,
  editor = {Peter Broeder},
  title = {Models of Language Acquisition: Inductive and Deductive
  	Approaches},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-19-824138-0 (hardback)},
  topic = {L1-acquisition;}  
 } 

@incollection{ brogi-turini:1991a,
  author = {Antonio Brogi and Franco Turini},
  title = {Metalogic for Knowledge Representation},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {61--69},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;logic-programming;semantic-reflection;metareasoning;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brogi-contiero:1994a,
  author = {Antonio Brogi and Simone Contiero},
  title = {G\"odel as a Meta-Language for
    		Composing Logic Programs},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {377--394},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {metaprogramming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ broker:1998a,
  author = {Norbert Br\"oker},
  title = {Separating Surface Order and Syntactic Relations in a
  	Dependency Grammar},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {174--180},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {dependency-grammar;}  
} 

@incollection{ bromberger:1962a,
  author = {Sylvan Bromberger},
  title = {What Are Effects?},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series},
  publisher = {Barnes and Noble},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {15--20},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Comments on: vendler:1962a.},
  topic = {ordinary-language-philosophy;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bromberger:1965a,
  author = {Sylvan Bromberger},
  title = {An Approach to Explanation},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1965},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {72--105},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {explanation;interrogatives;why-questions;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bromme-etal:1999a,
  author = {Rainer Bromme and Matthias N\"uckles and Riklef Rambow},
  title = {Adaptivity and Anticipation in Expert-Laypeople
			Communication},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {17--24},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;expert-nonexpert-communication;}  
  } 

@book{ brooks_mz:1975a,
  author = {by Maria Zagorska Brooks},
  title = {Polish Reference Grammar},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1975},
  address = {The Hague},
  ISBN = {9027933138},
  topic = {Polish-language;reference-grammars;}  
 } 

@article{ brooks_ra:1981a,
  author = {Rodney A. Brooks},
  title = {Symbolic Reasoning among {3-D} Models and {2-D} Images},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {285--348},
  topic = {computer-vision;three-D-reconstruction;}  
  } 

@article{ brooks_ra:1991a,
  author = {Rodney A. Brooks},
  title = {Intelligence without Representation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {47},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {139--159},
  topic = {minimalist-robotics;reactive-AI;foundations-of-AI;krcourse;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brooks_ra:1991b,
  author = {Rodney A. Brooks},
  title = {Intelligence without Reason},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Barbara Grosz and John Mylopoulos},
  pages = {569--595},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {minimalist-robotics;reactive-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ brooks_rr-etal:1996a,
  author = {R.R. Brooks and S.S. Iyengar and J. Chen},
  title = {Automatic Correlation and Calibration of Noisy Sensor
  	Readings Using Elite Genetic Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {84},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {339--354},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper explores an image processing application of
     optimization techniques which entails interpreting noisy sensor
     data.  The application is a generalization of image correlation;
     we attempt to find the optimal gruence which matches two
     overlapping gray scale images corrupted with noise. Both tabu
     search and genetic algorithms are used to find the parameters
     which match the two images. A genetic algorithm approach using
     an elitist reproduction scheme is found to provide significantly
     superior results.},
  topic = {genetic-algorithms;reasoning-about-noisy-sensors;
  	noise-reduction;}  
  } 

@book{ broome_j:1991a,
  author = {John Broome},
  title = {Weighing Goods: Equality, Uncertainty, and Time},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {multiattribute-utility;}  
 } 

@article{ broome_ja:1984a,
  author = {J.A. Broome},
  title = {Indefiniteness in Identity},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {263--287},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@article{ brouwer:1913a,
  author = {L.E.J. Brouwer},
  title = {Intuitionism and Formalism},
  journal = {Bulletin of the {A}merican {M}athematical {S}ociety},
  year = {1913},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {81--96},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brouwer:1948a,
  author = {L.E.J. Brouwer},
  title = {Consciousness, Philosophy, and Mathematics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {X}th International Congress
  	of Philosophy},
  year = {1948},
  pages = {1235--1249},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@book{ browder:1992a,
  editor = {Felix E. Browder},
  title = {Mathematics into the Twenty-First Century: 1988 Centennial
    Symposium, August 8--12},
  publisher = {Providence, R.I. American Mathematical Society},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Providence},
  ISBN = {0821801678},
  topic = {mathematics-general;}  
 } 

@article{ brown_b:1999a,
  author = {Bryson Brown},
  title = {Yes, {V}irginia, There Really Are Paraconsistent
  	Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {5},
  pages = {489--500},
  topic = {paraconsistency;}  
  } 

@article{ brown_b:1999b,
  author = {Bryson Brown},
  title = {Adjunction and Aggregation},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  number = {2},
  pages = {273--283},
  topic = {lottery-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ brown_b-scotch:1999a,
  author = {Bryson Brown and Peter Scotch},
  title = {Logic and Aggregation},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {3},
  pages = {265--287},
  topic = {paraconsistency;}  
  } 

@article{ brown_b:2000a,
  author = {Bryson Brown},
  title = {Yes, {V}irginia, There Really Are Paraconsistent
  	Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {5},
  pages = {489--500},
  topic = {paraconsistency;philosophy-of-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brown_c:1986a,
  author = {Curtis Brown},
  title = {What Is a Belief State?},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {357--378},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {belief;mental-states;}  
  } 

@article{ brown_cd:1965a,
  author = {Charles D. Brown},
  title = {Fallacies in {R}ichard {T}aylor's `Fatalism'\,},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {13},
  pages = {340--353},
  xref = {Commentary on: taylor_r:1962a.},
  topic = {(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@book{ brown_dg:1968a,
  author = {Donald George Brown},
  title = {Action},
  publisher = {University of Toronto Press},
  year = {1968},
  address = {Toronto},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@article{ brown_fm:1977a,
  author = {F. Malloy Brown},
  title = {Doing Arithmetic without Diagrams},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {175--200},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We describe a theorem prover for elementary number theory which
     proves theorems not by representing them as diagrams as in a
     semantic net, but rather by representing them in the traditional
     manner as lists. This theorem prover uses no chaining rules,
     forward or backward, but instead interaction between equations
     is based upon the use of many truth-value preserving
     transformations.  These transformations are used in a manner
     similar to that in which a LISP interpreter executes LISP
     functions.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ brown_fm:1978a,
  author = {Frank M. Brown},
  title = {Towards the Automation of Set Theory and its Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {281--316},
  topic = {set-theory;theorem-proving;computer-assisted-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ brown_fm-tarnlund:1979a,
  author = {Frank Malloy Brown and Sten-{\AA}ke T{\aa}rnlund},
  title = {Inductive Reasoning on Recursive Equations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {207--229},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We investigate several methods of inductive reasoning in the
     domain of recursive equations, including the method of
     generalization with beliefs, the method of successive
     refinement, and temporal methods based on comparisons with
     previously solved problems.
  } ,
  topic = {learning-theory;inductive-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ brown_fm:1980a,
  author = {Frank M. Brown},
  title = {An Investigation into the Goals of Research in Automatic
  	Theorem Proving as Related to Mathematical Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {221--242},
  topic = {theorem-proving;computer-assisted-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ brown_fm:1986a,
  author = {Frank M. Brown},
  title = {An Experimental Logic Based on the Fundamental Deduction
  	Principle},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {30},
  number = {2},
  pages = {117--263},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Experimental logic can be viewed as a branch of logic dealing
     with the actual construction of useful deductive systems and
     their application to various scientific disciplines.  In this
     paper we describe an experimental deductive system called the
     SYMbolic EVALuator (i.e. SYMEVAL) which is based on a rather
     simple, yet startling principle about deduction, namely that
     deduction is fundamentally a process of replacing expressions by
     logically equivalent expressions.  This principle applies both to
     logical and domain-dependent axioms and rules.  Unlike more
     well-known logical inference systems which do not satisfy this
     principle, herein is described a system of logical axioms and
     rules called the SYMMETRIC LOGIC which is based on this
     principle.  Evidence for this principle is given by proving
     theorems and performing deduction in the areas of set theory,
     logic programming, natural language analysis, program
     verification, automatic complexity analysis, and inductive
     reasoning.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;set-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ brown_fm:1987a,
  editor = {Frank M. Brown},
  title = {The Frame Problem in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings
  	of the 1987 Workshop},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {kr;frame-problem;}  
 } 

@book{ brown_g-yule:1983a,
  author = {Gillian Brown and George Yule},
  title = {Discourse Analysis},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {discourse;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ brown_g:1995a,
  author = {Gillian Brown},
  title = {Speakers, Listeners, and Communication:  Explorations in
  	Discourse Analysis},
  publisher = {Cambridge Univesity Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  contentnote = {This is about the "map task".},
  xref = {Review: mcroy:1996a.},
  topic = {discourse;discourse-analysis;referring-expressions;
  	definite-descriptions;anaphora;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ brown_gp:1980a,
  author = {Gretchen P. Brown},
  title = {Characterizing Indirect Speech Acts},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume = {6},
  year = {1980},
  pages = {150--166},
  topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;indirect-speech-acts;}  
 } 

@article{ brown_ma:1990a,
  author = {Mark A. Brown},
  title = {Action and Ability},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--114},
  topic = {action;ability;}  
  } 

@article{ brown_ma:1995a,
  author = {Mark A. Brown},
  title = {Stit in Time},
  journal = {Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {88--89},
  note = {Abstract.},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {stit;}  
  } 

@article{ brown_ma:1995b,
  author = {Mark A. Brown},
  title = {On the Logic of Ability},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {1--26},
  number = {1},
  topic = {ability;}  
  } 

@article{ brown_ma:1995c,
  author = {Mark A. Brown},
  title = {Action and Ability},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--114},
  topic = {ability;}  
  } 

@article{ brown_ma:1996a,
  author = {Mark A. Brown},
  title = {A Logic of Comparative Obligation},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {57},
  number = {1},
  pages = {117--137},
  topic = {deontic-logic;qualitative-utility;moral-conflict;}  
  } 

@book{ brown_ma-carmo:1996a,
  editor = {Mark A. Brown and Jos\'e Carmo},
  title = {Deontic Logic, Agency and Normative Systems:
  	$\Delta${EON}'96, Third International Workshop on Deontic
	Logic in Computer Science, Sesimbra, Portugal, 11--13 January
	1996},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540760156 (pbk.)},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ brown_ma:1998a,
  author = {Mark A. Brown},
  title = {Agents with Changing and Conflicting Commitments:
			A Preliminary Study},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  pages = {109--128},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {deontic-logic;obligation;moral-conflict;
  	practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ brown_ma-goranko:1999a,
  author = {Mark A. Brown and Valentin Goranko},
  title = {An Extended Branching-Time {O}ckhamist Temporal
  	Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {143--166},
  title = {St. {T}homas' Doctrine of Necessary Being},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {1973},
  pages = {76--90},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {Aquinas;metaphysics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brown_p2-levinson:1978a,
  author = {Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson},
  title = {Universals in Language Usage: Politeness Phenomena},
  booktitle = {Questions and Politeness: Strategies in Social
              Interaction},
  editor = {Esther N. Goody},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge},
  year = {1978},
  pages = {56--289},
  topic = {pragmatics;sociolinguistics;speech-acts;}  
 } 

@incollection{ brown_p2-levinson:1979a,
  author = {Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson},
  title = {Social Structure, Groups and Interaction},
  booktitle = {Social Markers in Speech},
  editor = {Esther N. Goody},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge},
  year = {1979},
  pages = {291--347},
  topic = {pragmatics;discourse;sociolinguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ brown_p2-levinson:1987a,
  author = {Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson},
  title = {Politeness: Some Universals in Language Use},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521308623},
  topic = {pragmatics;sociolinguistics;speech-acts;}  
 } 

@techreport{ brown_r-etal:1989a,
  author = {Ralf Brown and Donna M. Gates and Kenneth Goodman and
  	Todd Kaufmann and Marion R. Kee and Lori Levin and Rita
	McCardell and Teruko Mitamura and Ira A. Monarch and Steven
	E. Morrison and Sergei Nirenburg and Eric H. {Nyberg, 3rd} and
	Koichi Takeda and Margalit Zabludowski},
  title = {KBMT-89 Project Report},
  institution = {Center for Machine Translation, Carnegie Mellon University},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {machine-translation;}  
  } 

@article{ brown_t:1993a,
  author = {Ted Brown},
  title = {Unkind Cuts: Rethinking the Rhetoric of Academic Job
  	Rejection Letters},
  journal = {College {E}nglish},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {55},
  number = {7},
  pages = {770--778},
  topic = {academic-ethics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brownell-carriger:1991a,
  author = {Celia A. Brownell and Michael Sean Carriger},
  title = {Collaborations among Toddler Peers: Individual
  	Contributions to Social Contexts},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {384--397},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ broxvall:2002a,
  author = {Matthias Broxvall},
  title = {Constraint Satisfaction on Infinite Domains: Composing 
  	Domains and Decomposing Constraints},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {509--520},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;constraint-satisfaction;} 
  } 

@article{ broxvall-etal:2002a,
  author = {Mathias Broxvall and Peter Jonsson and Jochen Renz},
  title = {Disjunctions, Independence, Refinements},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {140},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {153--173},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;} 
  } 

@article{ bruce_bc:1972a,
  author = {Bertram C. Bruce},
  title = {A Model for Temporal References and its Application in a
  	Question Answering Program},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {1--25},
  topic = {question-answering;temporal-reference;}  
  } 

@article{ bruce_bc:1975a,
  author = {Bertram C. Bruce},
  title = {Case Systems for Natural Language},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {327--360},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In many languages (e.g. Latin, Greek, Russian, Turkish, German)
     the relationship of a noun phrase to the rest of a sentence is
     indicated by altered forms of the noun. The possible
     relationships are called (surface) ``cases''. Because (1) it is
     difficult to specify semantic-free selection rules for the
     cases, and (2) related phenomena based on prepositions or word
     order appear in apparently case-less languages, many have argued
     that studies of cases should focus on meaning, i.e. on ``deep
     cases''.
     Deep cases bear a close relationship to the modifiers of a
     concept. In fact, one could consider a deep case to be a
     special, or distinguishing, modifier. Several criteria for
     recognizing deep cases are considered here in the context of the
     problem of describing an event. Unfortunately, none of the
     criteria serves as a completely adequate decision procedure.  A
     notion based on the context-dependent ``importance'' of a
     relation appears as useful as any rule for selecting deep cases.
     A representative sample of proposed case systems is examined.
     Issues such as surface versus deep versus conceptual levels of
     cases, and the efficiency of the representations implicit in a
     case system are also discussed.
   } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;computational-semantics;argument-structure;}  
  } 

@article{ bruce_bc-newman:1978a,
  author = {Bertram C. Bruce and Denis Newman},
  title = {Interacting Plans},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {195--233},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bruce_bc:1986a,
  author = {Bertram C. Bruce},
  title = {Generation as a Social Action},
  booktitle = {Readings in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Barbara J. Grosz and Karen Sparck Jones and Bonnie L. Webber},
  pages = {419--422},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bruce_r-etal:1996a,
  author = {Rebecca Bruce and Janyce Wiebe and Ted Pedersen},
  title = {The Measure of a Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {101--112},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;software-evaluation;}  
  } 

@article{ bruce_r:1998a,
  author = {Rebecca Bruce},
  title = {Review of {\it Corpus-Based Methods in Language
  	and Speech Processing}, edited by {S}teve {Y}oung and {G}errit
	{B}loothooft},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {317--318},
  ISBN = {0-7923-4463-4},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ bruce_r-wiebe:1999a,
  author = {Rebecca F. Bruce and Jance M. Wiebe},
  title = {Decomposible Modeling in Natural Language
		Processing},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {195--207},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@article{ brueckner:1994a,
  author = {Anthony Brueckner},
  title = {Knowledge of Content and Knowledge of the World},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {103},
  number = {2},
  pages = {327--343},
  topic = {content-externalism;twin-earth;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bruffaerts-henin:1990a,
  author = {A. Bruffaerts and R. Henin},
  title = {Non-Monotonic Multiple Inheritance of Attributes:
  	A Logical Reconstruction},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philips Research Laboratory Belgium.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ brugman:1988a,
  author = {Claudia M. Brugman},
  title = {The Story of `Over': Polysemy, Semantics, and the
  	Structure of the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Garland Publishing Company},
  year = {1988},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0824051777},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;nl-polysemy;spatial-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ brugnara:1998a,
  author = {Fabio Brugnara and Renato de Mori},
  title = {Acoustic Modeling},
  booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Renato de Mori},
  pages = {141--170},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {speech-recognition;acoustic-modeling;hidden-Markov-models;}  
  } 

@incollection{ brugnara-demori:1998b,
  author = {Fabio Brugnara and Renato de Mori},
  title = {Training of Acoustic Models},
  booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Renato de Mori},
  pages = {171--197},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {speech-recognition;acoustic-modeling;hidden-Markov-models;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ brun:1998a,
  author = {Caroline Brun},
  title = {Terminology Finite-state Preprocessing for Computational
  	{LFG}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {196--201},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {LFG;compound-nouns;}  
} 

@article{ bruner_js:1975a,
  author = {J.S. Bruner},
  title = {The Ontogenesis of Speech Acts},
  journal = {Journal of Child Language},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1--19},
  topic = {speech-acts;psycholinguistics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bruninghaus-ashley:1991a,
  author = {Stefanie Bruninghaus and Kevin D. Ashley},
  year = {1999},
  title = {Toward Adding Knowledge to Learning Algorithms for
		Indexing Legal Cases},
  booktitle = {Seventh International Conference
			on Artificial Intelligence and Law},
  publisher = {Association of Computing Machinery, New York},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {legal-AI;case-based-reasoning;machine-learning;}  
	} 

@inproceedings{ bruninghaus-ashley:1999a,
  author = {Stefanie Bruninghaus and Kevin D. Ashley},
  year = {1999},
  title = {Bootstrapping Case Base Development with Annotated Case
       Summaries},
  booktitle = {Third International Conference on Case-Based
  	Reasoning},
  address = {Berlin},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;}  
	} 

@article{ brunner_lj:1979a,
  author = {Lawrence J. Brunner},
  title = {Smiles Can Be Back Channels},
  journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
  volume = {37},
  number = {5},
  pages = {728--734},
  year = {1979},
  topic = {gestures;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ brunsson:1985a,
  author = {Nils Brunsson},
  title = {The Irrational Organization: Irrationality as a Basis for
    Organizational Action and Change},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1985},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0471907952},
  topic = {irrationality;corporate-management;sociology;}  
 } 

@book{ brunvand:1984a,
  author = {Jan Harold Brunvand},
  title = {The Choking {D}oberman and Other ``New'' Urban Legends},
  publisher = {W. W. Norton},
  address = {New York},
  year = {1984},
  topic = {urban-legends;}  
  } 

@article{ brusoni-etal:1995a,
  author = {Vittorio Brusoni and Luca Console and Paolo Terenziani},
  title = {On the Computational Complexity of Querying Bounds on
  	Differences Constraints},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {74},
  number = {2},
  pages = {367--379},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Given a consistent knowledge base formed by a set of
     constraints, efficient query answering (e.g., checking whether a
     set of constraints is consistent with the knowledge base or
     necessarily true in it) is practically very important.  In the
     paper we consider bounds on differences (which are an important
     class of constraints based on linear inequalities) and we
     analyze the computational complexity of query answering.  More
     specifically, we consider various common types of queries and we
     prove that if the minimal network produced by constraint
     satisfaction algorithms (and characterizing the solutions to a
     set of constraints) is maintained, then the complexity of
     answering a query depends only on the dimension of the query and
     not on the dimension of the knowledge base (which is usually
     much larger than the query).  We also analyse how the approach
     can be used to deal efficiently with a class of updates to the
     knowledge base.  Some applications of the results are sketched
     in the conclusion.},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;reasoning-about-consistency;
  	complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ brusoni-etal:1998a,
  author = {Vittorio Brusoni and Luca Console and Paolo Terenziani
  	and Daniele Theseider Dupr\'e},
  title = {A Spectrum of Definitions for Temporal Model-Based
  	Diagnosis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {102},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39--79},
  topic = {diagnosis;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ bruthiaux:1993a,
  author = {Paul Bruthiaux},
  title = {Knowing When to Stop - Investigating the Nature of
		  Punctuation},
  journal = {Language and Communication},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--43},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@article{ bruthiaux:1995a,
  author = {Paul Bruthiaux},
  title = {The Rise and Fall of the Semicolon: {E}nglish
		  Punctuation Theory and {E}nglish Teaching Practice},
  journal = {Applied Linguistics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {16},
  number = {1},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@book{ bruynooghe:1994a,
  editor = {Maurice Bruynooghe},
  title = {Logic Programming: Proceedings of the 1994 International
  	Symposium},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262521911},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ bry-torge:1996a,
  author = {F. Bry and S. Torge},
  title = {Minimal Model Generation with Positive Unit
  	Hyper-Resolution Tableaux},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of {TABLEUX}'96},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {143--159},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st names, publisher, org, address, editor},
  topic = {model-construction;minimal-models;}  
  } 

@article{ bryant:1977a,
  author = {John Bryant},
  title = {The Logic of Relative Modality and the Paradoxes of
  	Deontic Logic},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {78--88},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ bub:1974a,
  author = {Jeffery Bub},
  title = {The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1974},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@article{ bub:1977a,
  author = {Jeffrey Bub},
  title = {Von {N}eumann's Projection Postulate as a Probability
  	Conditionalization Rule in Quantum Mechanics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {381--390},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ bub:1997a,
  author = {Jeffrey Bub},
  title = {Interpreting the Quantum World},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: dickson:1999a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-quantum-mechanics;}  
 } 

@book{ bub:1999a,
  author = {Jeffrey Bub},
  title = {Interpreting the Quantum World},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052165386-X},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bubenko:1987a,
  author = {Janis A. {Bubenko, Jr.}},
  title = {Information Analysis and Conceptual Modeling},
  booktitle = {Databases},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {J. Paradaens},
  pages = {141--192},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {databases;}  
  } 

@article{ bucalo:1994a,
  author = {Anna Bucalo},
  title = {Modalities in Linear Logic Weaker Than Exponential `Of
  	Course'': Algebraic and Relational Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {211--232},
  topic = {linear-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ buccafurri-etal:1998a,
  author = {Francesco Buccafurri and Nicola Leone and Pasquale Rullo},
  title = {Disjunctive Ordered Logic: Semantics and Expressiveness},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {416--429},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;disjunctive-logic-programming;inheritance;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ buccafurri-etal:1999a,
  author = {Francesco Buccafurri and Thomas Eiter and Georg Gottlob
  		and Nicola Leone},
  title = {Applying Abduction Techniques to Verification},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {abduction;diagnosis;program-verification;}  
  } 

@article{ buccafurri-etal:1999b,
  author = {Francesco Buccafurri and Thomas Eiter and Georg Gottlob
  	and Nicola Leone},
  title = {Enhancing Model Checking in Verification by {AI} 
  	Techniques},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {112},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {57--104},
  topic = {model-checking;program-verification;}  
  } 

@article{ buchanan:2001a,
  author = {Bruce G. Buchanan},
  title = {Creativity at the Metalevel},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13--28},
  topic = {creativity;}  
  } 

@article{ buchanan_bg-feigenbaum:1978a1,
  author = {Bruce G. Buchanan and Edward A. Feigenbaum},
  title = {{\sc Dendral} and {\sc Meta-Dendral}: Their Applications
  	Dimension},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {5--24},
  xref = {Republication: buchanan_bg-feigenbaum:1978a2.},
  topic = {expert-systems;knowledge-engineering;}  
  } 

@incollection{ buchanan_bg-feigenbaum:1978a2,
  author = {Bruce G. Buchanan and Edward Feigenbaum},
  title = {{\sc Dendral} and {\sc Meta-Dendral}: Their Applications
  	Dimension},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {313--322},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: buchanan_bg-feigenbaum:1978a1.},
  topic = {expert-systems;knowledge-engineering;}  
  } 

@book{ buchanan_bg-shortliffe:1984a,
  author = {Bruce Buchanan and Edward H. Shortliffe},
  title = {Rule-Based Expert Systems: The {MYCIN} Experiments
  	of the {S}tanford Heuristic Programming Project},
  publisher = {Addison Wesley},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  topic = {expert-systems;knowledge-engineering;}  
 } 

@article{ buchanan_bg-etal:1990a,
  author = {Bruce G. Buchanan and Daniel Bobrow and Randall Davis
  	and John McDermott and Edward H. Shortliffe},
  title = {Knowledge-Based Systems},
  journal = {Annual Review of Computer Science},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {395--416},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {AI-survey;knowledge-engineering;}  
  } 

@article{ buchanan_bg:1994a,
  author = {Bruce G. Buchanan},
  title = {The Role of Experimentation in Artificial
    	Intelligence},
  journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A:
  	Physical Sciences and Engineering},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {349},
  number = {1689},
  pages = {153--165},
  note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html},
  topic = {experimental-AI;foundations-of-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ buchanan_jg-tullock:1965a,
  author = {James M. Buchanan and Gordon Tullock},
  title = {The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of
  	Constitutional Democracy},
  publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
  year = {1965},
  address = {Ann Arbor},
  ISBN = {0792381106},
  topic = {voting-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bucher-etal:1999a,
  author = {Alex B\"ucher and John G. Hughes and David A. Bell},
  title = {Contextual Data and Domain Knowledge Discovery
			Systems},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {447--451},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;knowledge-acquisition;}  
  } 

@article{ buchheit-etal:1998a,
  author = {M. Buchheit and Francesco M. Donini and Werner Nutt and Andrea
  	Schaerf},
  title = {A Refined Architecture for Terminological Systems:
  	Terminology $=$ Schema $+$ Views},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {99},
  number = {2},
  pages = {209--260},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;subsumption;}  
  } 

@incollection{ buchwald-etal:2002a,
  author = {Adam Buchwald and Oren Schwartz and Amanda Seidl and
     		Paul Smolensky},
  title = {Recoverability Optimality Theory: Discourse
		Anaphora in a Bi-Directional Framework},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {37--44},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {referring-expressions;optimality-theory;} 
  } 

@incollection{ buck:1962a,
  author = {R.C. Buck},
  title = {Non-Other Minds},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series},
  publisher = {Barnes and Noble},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {187--210},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {other-minds;other-modeling;}  
  } 

@article{ buck_r:1991a,
  author = {Ross Buck},
  title = {Social Factors in Facial Display and Communication: A
  	 Reply to {Chovil} and Others},
  journal = {Journal of Nonverbal Behavior},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3},
  pages = {155--161},
  year = {1991},
  xref = {Reply to chovil:1991a.  Reply: chovil-fridlund:1991a.},
  topic = {gestures;discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ buck_rc:1965a,
  author = {Roger C. Buck},
  title = {Clark on Natural Necessity},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {21},
  pages = {625--629},
  xref = {Commentary on: clark_r1:1965a.},
  topic = {ceteris-paribus-generalizations;natural-laws;causality;
  	nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ buckles-petry:1992a,
  author = {Bill Buckles and Frederic E. Petry},
  title = {Genetic Algorithms},
  publisher = {{IEEE} Computer Science Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Los Alimatos, California},
  topic = {genetic-algorithms;}  
 } 

@article{ bugajski:1978a,
  author = {S{\l}awomir Bugajski},
  title = {Probability Inplication in the Logics of Classical and
  		Quantum Mechanics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {95--106},
  topic = {probability;quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ bugajski:1983a,
  author = {S{\l}awomir Bugajski},
  title = {Languages of Similarity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--118},
  contentnote = {Actually, this is extracting a general logical account
    	from ql.  But it is hard to classify the topic.},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ bugard-etal:1999a,
  author = {Wolfram Bugard and Armin B. Cremers and Dieter Fox and
  	Dirk H\"ahnel and Gerhard Lakemeyer and Dirk Schultz and
	Walter Steiner and Sebastian Thrun},
  title = {Experiences with an Interactive Museum Tour Robot},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {114},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {3--55},
  topic = {robotics;robot-navigation;GoLog;robot-human-interaction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ bui-etal:1996a,
  author = {H.H. Bui and D. Kieronska and S. Venkatesh},
  title = {Learning Other Agents' Preferences in Multiagent
  	Negotiation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {114--119},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {distributed-processing;preference-modeling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ buitelaar:1996a,
  author = {Paul Buitelaar},
  title = {Underspecified First Order Logics},
  booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {semantic-underspecification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bull-segerberg:1984a,
  author = {Robert A. Bull and Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Basic Modal Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}:
  	Extensions of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {1--88},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bull:1996a,
  author = {Robert Bull},
  title = {Logics Without Contraction {I}},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {317--336},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {proof-theory;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ bulmer:1967a,
  author = {M.G. Bulmer},
  title = {Principles of Statistics},
  publisher = {Dover Publications},
  year = {1967},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {statistics;}  
 } 

@article{ bunder:1992a,
  author = {M.W. Bunder},
  title = {A Simplified Form of Condensed Detachment},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {169--173},
  topic = {resolution;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bunder:1996a,
  author = {Martin Bunder},
  title = {Logics Without Contraction {II}},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {337--349},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {proof-theory;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bundgen:1998a,
  author = {R. B\"undgen et al.},
  title = {Parallel Term Rewriting with {P}a{R}e{D}u{X}},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bundgen:1998b,
  author = {R. B\"undgen},
  title = {Rewrite Based Hardware Verification with
			{R}e{D}u{X}},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {III}, Applications},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ bundy:1978a,
  author = {Alan Bundy},
  title = {Will it Reach the Top?  Prediction in the Mechanics World},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {129--146},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@article{ bundy-welham:1981a,
  author = {Alan Bundy and Bob Welham},
  title = {Using Meta-Level Inference for Selective Application of
  	Multiple Rewrite Rule Sets in Algebraic Manipulation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {16},
  number = {2},
  pages = {189--212},
  topic = {algebraic-computation;metareasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bundy:1984a,
  author = {Alan Bundy},
  title = {Meta-Level Inference and Consciousness},
  booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects
  	of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Steve B. Torrance},
  pages = {156--167},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {consciousness;philosophy-and-AI;metareasoning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bundy-etal:1985a,
  author = {Alan Bundy and Ben du Boulay and Jim Howe and Gordin
  	Plotkin},
  title = {The Researcher's Bible},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {student-guides;}  
  } 

@article{ bundy-etal:1985b,
  author = {Alan Bundy and Bernard Silver and Dave Plummer},
  title = {An Analytical Comparison of Some Rule-Learning Programs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {137--181},
  topic = {rule-learning;machine-learning;cognitive-architectures;}  
  } 

@article{ bundy-etal:1993a,
  author = {Alan Bundy and Andrew Stevens and Frank van Harmelen and
  	Andrew Ireland and Alan Smaill},
  title = {Rippling: A Heuristic for Guiding Inductive Proofs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {62},
  number = {2},
  pages = {185--253},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We describe rippling: a tactic for the heuristic control of the
     key part of proofs by mathematical induction.  This tactic
     significantly reduces the search for a proof of a wide variety
     of inductive theorems.  We first present a basic version of
     rippling, followed by various extensions which are necessary to
     capture larger classes of inductive proofs.  Finally, we present
     a generalised form of rippling which embodies these extensions
     as special cases.  We prove that generalised rippling always
     terminates, and we discuss the implementation of the tactic and
     its relation with other inductive proof search heuristics.},
  topic = {search;induction;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ bundy:1994a,
  author = {Alan Bundy},
  title = {A Subsumption Architecture for Theorem Proving?},
  journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A:
  	Physical Sciences and Engineering},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {349},
  number = {1689},
  pages = {4--85},
  note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html},
  contentnote = {This paper contains a useful summary of work
  	in theorem proving.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;behavioral-modules;theorem-proving-tactics;}  
  } 

@book{ bundy:1994b,
  editor = {Alan Bundy},
  title = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on
  	Automated Deduction (CADE'94)},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Berlin},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {814},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@article{ bundy-etal:1996a,
  author = {Alan Bundy and Fausto Giunchiglia and Roberto Sebastiani
  	and Toby Walsh},
  title = {Calculating Criticalities},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {88},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {39--67},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We present a novel method for building ABSTRIPS style
     abstraction hierarchies in planning. The aim of this method is
     to minimize search by limiting backtracking both between
     abstraction levels and within an abstraction level. Previous
     approaches for building ABSTRIPS style abstractions have
     determined the criticality of operator preconditions by
     reasoning about plans directly. Here, we adopt a simpler and
     faster approach where we use numerical simulation of the
     planning process.  We develop a simple but powerful theory to
     demonstrate the theoretical advantages of our approach. We use
     this theory to identify some simple properties lacking in
     previous approaches but possessed by our method. We demonstrate
     the empirical advantages of our approach by a set of four
     benchmark experiments using the ABTWEAK system. We compare the
     quality of the abstraction hierarchies generated with those
     built by the ALPINE and HIGHPOINT algorithms.  } ,
  topic = {abstraction;planning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ bunge:1974a,
  author = {Mario Bunge},
  title = {The Relations of Logic and Semantics to Ontology},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {195--209},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;logic-and-ontology;}  
  } 

@book{ bunnin-tsuijames:1996a,
  editor = {Nicholas Bunnin and E.P. Tsui-James},
  title = {The {B}lackwell Companion To Philosophy},
  publisher = {Blackwell Reference,\},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631187898 (pbk)},
  topic = {philosophy-reference;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bunt:1978a,
  author = {Harry Bunt},
  title = {A Formal Semantic Analysis of Mass Terms and Amount Terms},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, } ,
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;mass-term-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bunt:1981a,
  author = {Harry Bunt},
  title = {Parsing with Discontinuous Phrase Structure Grammar},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  pages = {49--63},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;discontinuous-constituents;}  
  } 

@book{ bunt:1985a,
  author = {Harry C. Bunt},
  title = {Mass Terms and Model-Theoretic Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {mass-term-semantics;} 
 } 

@incollection{ bunt:1989a,
  author = {Harry C. Bunt},
  title = {Information Dialogues as Communication Dialogues in 
  	Relation to User Modeling and Information Processing},
  booktitle = {The Structure of Multimodal Dialogue, Volume 1},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {M.M. Taylor and F. N\'eel and and D.G. Bouwhuis},
  pages = {47--73},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@article{ bunt:1994a,
  author = {Harry C. Bunt},
  title = {Context and Dialogue Control},
  journal = {{THINK} Quarterly},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {19--31},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {context;computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bunt:1996a,
  author = {Harry C. Bunt},
  title = {Dynamic Interpretation and Dialogue Theory},
  booktitle = {The Structure of Multimodal Dialogue, Volume 2},
  publisher = {John Benjamins},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Michael M. Taylor and F. N\'eel and and Don G. Bouwhuis},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {dynamic-semantics;computational-dialog;}  
  } 

@book{ bunt-tomita:1996a,
  editor = {Harry Bunt and Masaru Tomita},
  title = {Recent Advances in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792361083},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;nl-processing;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bunt-vandersloot:1996a,
  author = {Harry Bunt and K. van der Sloot},
  title = {Parsing as Dynamic Interpretation of Feature Structures},
  booktitle = {Recent Advances in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Harry Bunt and Masaru Tomita},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;feature-structures;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bunt:1998a,
  author = {Harry C. Bunt},
  title = {Iterative Context Specification and Dialogue Analysis},
  booktitle = {Abduction, Belief, and Context: Studies in Computational
  	Pragmatics},
  publisher = {University College Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Harry C. Bunt and W.J. Black},
  pages = {73--129},
  address = {London},
  topic = {context;computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@book{ bunt-black_wj:1998a,
  editor = {Harry C. Bunt and William J. Black},
  title = {Abduction, Belief, and Context: Studies in Computational
  	Pragmatics},
  publisher = {John Benjamins},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {1556197942 (US)},
  topic = {abduction;context;computational-pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ bunt-etal:1998a,
  editor = {Harry Bunt and Robbert-Jan Beun and Tijn Borhguis},
  title = {Multimodal Human-Computer Communication: Systems,
  	Techniques, and Experiments},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {354064380X (paper)},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Harry Bunt, "Issues in Multimodal Human-Computer Communication"
	2. Mark T. Maybury, "Towards Cooperative Multimedia Interaction"
	3. Harry Bunt et al., "Multimodal Cooperation with the Den{K} System"
	4. Catherine Pelachaud et al., "Synthesizing Cooperative
		Conversation"
	5. Bonnie Webber, "Instructing Animated Agents: Viewing
		Language in Behavioral Terms"
	6. Jacques Siroux et al., "Modeling and Processing of Oral
		and Tactile Activities in the {GEORAL} System"
	7. Adam Cheyer and Luc Julia, "Multimodal Maps: An
		Agent-Based Approach"
       10. Yi Han and Ingrid Zukerman, "Using Cooperative Agents to
       		Plan Multimodal Presentations"
       11.Jean-Claude Martin and Remko Veldman and Dominique
       		Béroule, "Developing Multimodal Interfaces: A
		Theoretical Framework and Guided Propagation
		Networks"
       12. Patrick Bourdot and Mike Krus and Rachid
       		Gherbi, "Cooperation between Reactive 3D Objects and
		a Multimodal {X} Window Kernel for {CAD}"
       13. Fergal McCaffery and Michael McTear and Maureen
       		Murphy, "A Multimedia Interface for Circuit Board
		Assembly"
       14. Kent Wittenburg, "Visual Language Parsing: If I Had a
       		Hammer $\ldots$"
       15. John Lee and Keith Stenning, "Anaphora in Multimodal
       		Discourse"
       16. Laurel Fais, Kyung-ho Loke-Kim and Young-Duk
       		Park, "Speakers' Responses to Requests for Repetition
		in a Multimedia Language Processing Environment"
       17. Anita Cremers, "Object Reference in Task-Oriented Keyboard
       		Dialogues"
       16. Tsuneaki Kato and Yukiko I. Nakano, "Referent
       		Identification Requests in Multi-Modal Dialogs"
       17. Carla Huls and Edwin Bos, "Studies into Full Integration
       		of Language and Action"
       18. Marie-Christine Bressolle and Bruno Pavard and Marcel
       		Leroux, "The Role of Multimodal Communication in
		Cooperation: The Cases of Air Traffic Control"
   } ,
  topic = {multimodal-communication;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bunt:1999a,
  author = {Harry Bunt},
  title = {Context Representation for Dialogue Management},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {77--90},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;discourse;computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@book{ bunt-muskens:1999a,
  editor = {Harry Bunt and Reinhard Muskens},
  title = {Computing Meaning, Volume 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-7923-6108-3},
  xref = {Review: winter:2001a.},
  topic = {computational-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bunt:2000a,
  author = {Harry Bunt},
  title = {Requirements for Dialogue Context Management},
  booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum},
  pages = {23--36},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {context;computational-dialogue;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@book{ bunt-nijholt:2000a,
  editor = {Harry Bunt and Anton Nijholt},
  title = {Advances in Probabilistic and Other Parsing Technologies},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792366166},
  topic = {probabilistic-parsers;parsing-algorithms;}  
 } 

@article{ buntine:1988a,
  author = {Wray Buntine},
  title = {Generalized Subsumption and Its Applications to
  	Induction and Redundancy},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {36},
  number = {2},
  pages = {149--176},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A theoretical framework and algorithms are presented that
     provide a basis for the study of induction of definite (Horn)
     clauses. These hinge on a natural extension of
     theta-subsumption that forms a strong model of generalization.
     The model allows properties of inductive search spaces to be
     considered in detail. A useful by-product of the model is a
     simple but powerful model of redundancy. Both induction and
     redundancy control are central tasks in a learning system, and,
     more broadly, in a knowledge acquisition system. The results
     also demonstrate interaction between induction, redundancy, and
     change in a system's current knowledge---with subsumption
     playing a key role.  } ,
  topic = {Horn-clause-abduction;indiction;machine-learning;subsumption;}  
  } 

@techreport{ buntine:1990a,
  author = {Wray Buntine},
  title = {Modelling Default and Likelihood Reasoning as
  	Probabilistic},
  institution = {{NASA} Ames Research Center},
  number = {FIA--90--09--11-01},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Moffett Field, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ bunzl:1979a,
  author = {Martin Bunzl},
  title = {Causal Overdetermination},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {76},
  pages = {134--150},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ burch:1992a,
  author = {Robert W. Burch},
  title = {Valential Aspects of {P}eircean Algebraic Logic},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {665--677},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {CS-Peirce;history-of-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ burchfield:1987a,
  editor = {Robert Burchfield},
  title = {Studies in Lexicography},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198119453},
  topic = {lexiography;}  
 } 

@book{ burdea-coiffet:1994a,
  author = {Grigore Burdea and Philippe Coiffet},
  title = {Virtual Reality Technology},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1994},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0471086320},
  topic = {virtual-reality;}  
 } 

@book{ burdea:1996a,
  author = {Grigore C. Burdea},
  title = {Force and Touch Feedback for Virtual Reality},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1996},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0471021415 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ burdick:1991a,
  author = {Howard Burdick},
  title = {What was Leibniz's Problem about Relations?},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {88},
  number = {2},
  pages = {1--13},
  topic = {history-of-logic;history-of-philosophy;relations;Leibniz;}  
  } 

@article{ burge:1972a,
  author = {Tyler Burge},
  title = {Truth and Mass Terms},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {69},
  pages = {263--282},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-semantics;mass-term-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ burge:1972b,
  author = {Tyler Burge},
  title = {A Theory of Aggregates},
  year = {1972},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, UCLA.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {mereology;nominalism;}  
  } 

@article{ burge:1973a1,
  author = {Tyler Burge},
  title = {Reference and Proper Names},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {70},
  number = {14},
  pages = {425--439},
  xref = {Republication: burge:1973a2.},
  topic = {reference;semantics-of-proper-names;}  
  } 

@incollection{ burge:1973a2,
  author = {Tyler Burge},
  title = {Reference and Proper Names},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {200-- 209},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: burge:1973a1.},
  topic = {reference;semantics-of-proper-names;}  
  } 

@article{ burge:1974a,
  author = {Tyler Burge},
  title = {Reference and Singular Terms},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {309--325},
  topic = {reference;reference-gaps;}  
  } 

@article{ burge:1975a,
  author = {Tyler Burge},
  title = {Mass Terms, Count Terms, and Change},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {69},
  pages = {459--478},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {mass-term-semantics;individuation;}  
  } 

@article{ burge:1975b,
  author = {Tyler Burge},
  title = {On Knowledge and Convention},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {84},
  pages = {249--255},
  topic = {convention;}  
  } 

@article{ burge:1976a,
  author = {Tyler Burge},
  title = {Belief and Synonymy},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {75},
  pages = {119--338},
  topic = {belief;synonymy;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ burge:1977b,
  author = {Tyler Burge},
  title = {Belief De Re},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {74},
  number = {6},
  pages = {338--362},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;reference;}  
  } 

@article{ burge:1979a,
  author = {Tyler Burge},
  title = {Semantical Paradox},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {76},
  missinginfo = {number, pages},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ burge:1981a,
  author = {Tyler Burge},
  title = {The Liar Paradox: Tangles and Chains},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {41},
  pages = {353--366},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ burge:1982a,
  author = {Tyler Burge},
  title = {Two Thought Experiments Reviewed},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {284--293},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ burge:1986a,
  author = {Tyler Burge},
  title = {On {D}avidson's `Saying that'},
  booktitle = {Truth and Interpretation},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Ernest Lepore},
  address = {Oxford},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {indirect-discourse;propositional-attitudes;propositions
  	philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ burge:1993a,
  author = {Tyler Burge},
  title = {Content Preservation},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {102},
  number = {4},
  pages = {457--458},
  topic = {a-priori;justification;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ burge:1993b,
  author = {Tyler Burge},
  title = {Mind-Body Causation and Explanatory Practice},
  booktitle = {Mental Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele},
  pages = {97--120},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;explanation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ burge:1998a,
  author = {Tyler Burge},
  title = {Computer Proof, Apriori Knowledge, and Other Minds},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {1--37},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {a-priori;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ burge:1999a,
  author = {Tyler Burge},
  title = {A Century of Deflation and a Moment about
  	Self-Knowledge},
  journal = {Proceedings and Addresses of the {A}merican
  	{P}hilosophical {A}ssociation},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {72},
  number = {2},
  pages = {25--46},
  topic = {introspectiono;phenomenalism;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ burger_jd:1998a,
  author = {John D. Burger and David Palmer and Lynette Hirschman},
  title = {Named Entity Scoring for Speech Input},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {201--205},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {speech-recognition;named-entity-tagging;}  
} 

@book{ burger_w-bhanu:1992a,
  author = {Wilhelm Burger and Bir Bhanu},
  title = {Qualitative Motion Planning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792392515},
  topic = {motion-planning;}  
 } 

@article{ burgess_hs:1990b,
  author = {H.A. Burgess},
  title = {The Sorites Paradox and Higher-Order Vagueness},
  journal = {Synthese},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {85},
  pages = {417--474},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ burgess_ja:1989a,
  author = {John A. Burgess},
  title = {Vague Identity: {E}vans Misrepresented},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {49},
  pages = {112--119},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@article{ burgess_ja:1990a,
  author = {John A. Burgess},
  title = {The Sorites Paradox and Higher-Order Vagueness},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {84},
  number = {3},
  pages = {417--474},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ burgess_ja:1990b,
  author = {John A. Burgess},
  title = {Vague Objects and Indefinite Identity},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {59},
  pages = {253--287},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ burgess_ja:1997a,
  author = {J.A. Burgess},
  title = {Supervaluations and the Propositional Attitude Constraint},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {103--119},
  topic = {supervaluations;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ burgess_jp:1979a,
  author = {John P. Burgess},
  title = {Logic and Time},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {566--582},
  title = {The Unreal Future},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {157--179},
  topic = {branching-time;(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ burgess_jp:1980a,
  author = {John P. Burgess},
  title = {Decidability for Branching Time},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {branching-time;}  
  } 

@article{ burgess_jp:1980b,
  author = {John P. Burgess},
  title = {Decidability and Branching Time},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {203--218},
  missinginfo = {number},
  title = {The Completeness of Intuitionistic Propositional Calculus
  	for Its Intended Interpretation},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17--28},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ burgess_jp:1981b,
  author = {John P. Burgess},
  title = {Relevance: A Fallacy?},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {97--104},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ burgess_jp:1981c,
  author = {John P. Burgess},
  title = {Quick Completeness Proofs for Some Logics of
  	Conditionals},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {76--84},
  topic = {conditionals;modal-logics;completeness-proofs;}  
  } 

@article{ burgess_jp:1982b,
  author = {John P. Burgess},
  title = {Axioms for Tense Logic {I}: `Since' and `Until'\, } ,
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {23},
  number = {4},
  pages = {367--383},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ burgess_jp:1984a,
  author = {John P. Burgess},
  title = {Beyond Tense Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {235--248},
  note = {Review of {The Logic of Time}, by {J}ohan van {B}enthem.},
  xref = {Review of vanbenthem:1983a.},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ burgess_jp:1984b,
  author = {John P. Burgess},
  title = {Synthetic Mechanics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {379--395},
  topic = {nominalism;formalizations-of-physics;logic-and-ontology;
		formalizations-of-geometry;}  
  } 

@incollection{ burgess_jp:1984c,
  author = {John P. Burgess},
  title = {Basic Tense Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}:
  	Extensions of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {89--133},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ burgess_jp:1986a,
  author = {John P. Burgess},
  title = {The Truth is Never Simple},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {51},
  number = {3},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {truth;semantic-hierarchies;}  
  } 

@article{ burgess_jp:1991a,
  author = {John P. Burgess},
  title = {Synthetic Mechanics Revisited},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {121--130},
  topic = {nominalism;formalizations-of-physics;logic-and-ontology;
		formalizations-of-geometry;}  
  } 

@book{ burgess_jp-rosen_g:1997a,
  author = {John P. Burgess and Gideon Rosen},
  title = {A Subject With No Object: Strategies for Nominalistic
  	Interpretation of Mathematics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: colyvan:2001a.},
  topic = {nominalism;nominalistic-semantics;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ burgess_s-dambrosio:1996a,
  author = {Scott Burgess and Bruce D'Ambrision},
  title = {An Efficient Approach for Finding the {MPE} in
  	Belief Networks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Uncertainty in
  	Artificial Intelligence	(UAI96)},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {194--202},
  missinginfo = {Editor, Organization, Address},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@book{ burghardt-holker:1979a,
  editor = {Wolfgang Burghardt and Klaus H\"olker},
  title = {Text Processing: Papers in Text Analysis and Text Description},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3110075652},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ buring:1995a1,
  author = {Daniel B\"uring},
  title = {The Great Scope Inversion Conspiracy},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {37--53},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  xref = {Journal Publication: buring:1995a2.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifier-scope;topic;sentence-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ buring:1995a2,
  author = {Daniel B\"uring},
  title = {The Great Scope Inversion Conspiracy},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {175--194},
  xref = {Republication of: buring:1995a1.},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;}  
  } 

@book{ burke_e:1996a,
  author = {Edmund Burke},
  title = {Logic and Its Applications},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1996},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0130302635},
  topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ burke_r-etal:1997a,
  author = {R. Burke and K. Hammond and V. Kulyukin and
		S. Lytinen and N. Tomuro and S. Schoenberg},
  title = {Question Answering from Frequently Asked Question
		Files},
  journal = {AI Magazine},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  year = {1997},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {question-answering;case-based-reasoning;}  
        } 

@incollection{ burkert_g:1995a,
  author = {Gerrit Burkert},
  title = {Lexical Semantics and Terminological Knowledge Representation},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {165--184},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ burkert_hj:1994a,
  author = {Hans-J\"urgen B\"urkert},
  title = {A Resolution Principle for Constrained Logics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {66},
  number = {2},
  pages = {235--271},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We introduce a constrained logic scheme with a resolution
     principle for clauses whose variables are constrained by a
     constraint theory. Constraints can be seen as quantifier
     restrictions filtering out the values that any interpretation of
     the underlying constraint theory can assign to the variables of
     a formula with such restricted quantifiers.
      We present a resolution principle for constrained clauses,
     where unification is replaced by testing constraints for
     satisfiability over the constraint theory. We show that
     constrained resolution is sound and complete in that a set of
     constrained clauses is unsatisfiable over the constraint theory
     if and only if for each model of the constraint theory we can
     deduce a constrained empty clause whose constraint is
     satisfiable in that model. We demonstrate that we cannot require
     a better result in general. But we give conditions, under which
     at most finitely many such empty clauses are needed or even
     better only one empty clause as in classical resolution, sorted
     resolution or resolution with theory unification.
  } ,
  topic = {resolution;theorem-proving;restricted-quantifiers;
  	completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@article{ burkhard_hd-etal:1998a,
  author = {Hans-Dieter Burkhard and Markus Hannebauer and Jan
  	Wendler},
  title = {Belief-Desire-Intention Deliberation in Artificial
  	Soccer},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {87--93},
  topic = {planning;agent-architectures;cognitive-robotics;}  
  } 

@book{ burkhardt-smith_b:1991a,
  editor = {Hans Burkhardt and Barry Smith},
  title = {Handbook of Metaphysics and Ontology},
  publisher = {Philosophia Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Munich},
  ISBN = {388405080X},
  topic = {metaphysics;ontology;} 
 } 

@article{ burks:1946a,
  author = {Arthur W. Burks},
  title = {Empiricism and Vagueness},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1946},
  volume = {53},
  pages = {477--486},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ burks:1951a,
  author = {Arthur W. Burks},
  title = {Reichenbach's Theory of Probability and Induction},
  journal = {The Review of Metaphysics},
  year = {1951},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {377--393},
  topic = {induction;foundations-of-probability;Reichenbach;}  
  } 

@article{ burks:1955a,
  author = {Arthur W. Burks},
  title = {Dispositional Statements},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1955},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {175--193},
  topic = {dispositions;}  
  } 

@article{ burks:1955b,
  author = {Arthur W. Burks},
  title = {On the Presuppositions of Induction},
  journal = {The Review of Metaphysics},
  year = {1955},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {576--611},
  topic = {induction;}  
  } 

@book{ burks:1963a,
  author = {Arthur W. Burks},
  title = {Chance, Cause, Reason},
  publisher = {The University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1963},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0-226-08087-0},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;natural-laws;induction;
  	decision-theory;causality;dispositions;}  
 } 

@incollection{ burks:1988a,
  author = {Arthur W. Burks},
  title = {The Logic of Evolution, and the Reduction of Holistic-Coherent
  	Systems to Hierarchical-Feedback Systems},
  booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics,
  	Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms},
  pages = {135--191},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophy-of-computation;philosophy-of-biology;
  	foundations-of-evolution;}  
  } 

@book{ burns:1991a,
  author = {Linda Claire Burns},
  title = {Vagueness: An Investigation into Natural Language
  	and the Sorites Paradox},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ burns:1995a,
  author = {Linda Burns},
  title = {Something To Do With Vagueness},
  booktitle = {Spindel Conference 1994:  Vagueness},
  journal = {The Southern Journal of Philosophy, {\rm supplement}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Terry Horgan},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {23--48},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ burnyeat:1980a,
  author = {Myles Burnyeat},
  title = {Can the Sceptic Live his Scepticism?},
  booktitle = {Doubt and Dogmatism: Studies in {H}ellenistic
  	Epistemology},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1980},
  editor = {Malcolm Schofield and Myles Burnyeat and Jonathan Barnes},
  pages = {19--53},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {skepticism;} 
  } 

@book{ burnyeat-frede:1997a,
  editor = {Myles Burnyeat and Michael Frede},
  title = {The Original Sceptics:  A Controversy},
  publisher = {Hackett Publishing Co.},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Indianapolis},
  contentnote = {TC:
		1. M. Frede, "The Sceptic's Beliefs"
		2. M. Burnyeat, "Can the Sceptic Live His Scepticism?"
		3. J. Barnes, "The Beliefs of a Pyrrhonist"
		4. M. Burnyeat, "The Sceptic in His Place and Time"
		5. M. Frede, "The Sceptic's Two Kinds of Assent"
  } ,
  topic = {skepticism;ancient-philosophy;}  
 } 

@article{ buro:2002a,
  author = {Michael Buro},
  title = {Improving Heuristic Mini-Max Search by Supervised Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {134},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {85--99},
  topic = {game-trees;search;machine-learning;} 
  } 

@article{ burrell:1964a,
  author = {David Burrell},
  title = {Aristotle and Future Contingencies},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies (Ireland)},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {37--52},
 topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@book{ burris:1998a,
  author = {Stanley N. Burris},
  title = {Logic for Mathematics and Computer Science},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Upper Saddle River, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0132859742},
  topic = {logic-in-CS;logic-in-CS-intro;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ burrows-etal:1988a,
  author = {Michael Burrows and Martin Abadi and Roger Needham},
  title = {Authentication: A Practical Study in Knowledge and Action},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {325--342},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {distributed-systems;protocol-analysis;}  
  } 

@book{ burstein-leacock:1997a,
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  title = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making
  	{NLP} Work in Practice},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Chinatsu Aone and John Maloney, "Re-Use of a Proper Noun
     		Recognition System in Commercial and Operational
		{NLP} Applications", pp. 1--6
     2. Cornelia Tschichold and Franck Bodmer and Etienne Cornu and
     		Francois Grosjean and Lysiane Grojean and Natalie
		Kubler and Nicholas Lewy and Corinne Tschumi, "Developing
		a New Grammar Checker for {E}nglish as a Second
		Language", pp. 7--12
     3. Karen Kukich and Rebecca Passaneau and Kathleen McKeown and
     		Dragomir Radev and Vasileios Hataivassiloglou and
		Hongyan Jing, "Software Re-Use and Evolution in Text
		Generation Applications", pp.  13--21
     4. James Nolan, "Estimating the True Performance of
     		Classification-Based {NLP} Technology", pp. 23--28
     5. Ehud Reiter and Liesl Osman, "Tailored Patient Information:
     		Some Issues and Questions", 29--34
     6. John Tait and Huw Sanderson and Jeremy Ellman and Anna Maria
     		Martinez San Jose and Peter Hellwig and Periklis
		Tsagheas, "Practical Considerations in Building a
		Multi-Lingual Authoring System for Business
		Letters", pp. 35--42
     7. Gary Adams and Philip Resnik, "A Language Identification
     		Application Built on the {J}ava Client-Server
		Platform", pp. 43--47
     8. Michael Gamon and Carmen Lozano and Jessie Pinkham and Tom
     		Reutter, "Practical Experience with Grammar Sharing
		in Multilingual {NLP}", pp. 49--56
     9. Leo Obrst and Krishna Jha, "{NLP} and Industry: Transfer and
     		Reuse of Technologies", pp. 57--63
    10. Manny Rayner and David Carter and Ivan Bretan and Robert Eklund
    		and Mats Wir\'en and Steffen Leo Hanssen and Sabine
		Kirchmeier-Andersen and Christina Philip and Finn
		S{\o}rensen and Hanne Erdman Thomsen, "Recycling
		Lingware in a Multilingual {MT} System", pp. 65--70
    } ,
  topic = {nlp-technology;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ burstein-etal:1998a,
  author = {Jill Burstein and Karen Kukich and Susanne Wolff and Chi
  	Lu and Martin Chodorow and Lisa Braden-Harder and Mary Dee
	Harris},
  title = {Automated Scoring Using a Hybrid Feature Identification
  	Technique},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {206--210},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {nl-processing;automated-test-scoring;}  
} 

@incollection{ burstein-etal:1998b,
  author = {Jill Burstein and Karen Kukich and Susanne Wolff and Chi Lu
		and Martin Chodorow},
  title = {Enriching Automated Essay Scoring Using Discourse
  	Marking},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {15--21},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;
  	computer-assisted-educational-testing;}  
  } 

@book{ burstein-leacock:1998a,
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  title = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Walter Daelemans, "Abstraction is Harmful in Language
     		Learning", pp. 1
     2. Michael Towsey and Joachim Diederich, and Ingo Schellhammer
     		and Stephen Chalup and Claudia Brugman, "Natural
		Language Learning by Recurrent Neural Networks:
		A Comparison with Probabilistic Approaches", pp. 3--10
     3. Sandra K\"ubler, "Learning a Lexicalized Grammar for
     		{G}erman", pp. 11--18
     4. Ren\'e Schneider, "A Lexically-Intensive Algorithm for
     		Domain-Specific Knowledge Acquisition", pp. 19--28
     5. Andr\'e Kempe, "Look-Back and Look-Ahead in the Conversion
     		of Hidden {M}arkov Models into Finite State
		Transducers", pp. 29--37
     6. Mark Johnson, "The Effect of Alternative Tree Representations
     		on Tree Bank Grammars", pp. 39-48-
     7. Thorsten Brants and Wojciech Skut, "Automation of Treebank
     		Annotation", pp. 49--57
     8. Hamish Cunningham and Mark Stevenson and Yorick
     		Wilks, "Implementing a Sense Tagger in a General
		Architecture for Text Engineering", pp. 59--71
     9. Ingo Schellhammer and Joachim Diederich and Michael Towsey
     		and Claudia Brugman, "Knowledge Extraction and
		Recurrent Neural Networks: An Analysis of an {E}lman
		Network Trained on a Natural Language Learning
		Task", pp. 73--78
    10. Jason L Hutchens and Michael D. Alder, "Finding Structure
    		Via Compression", pp. 79--82
    11. Christer Samuelson, "Linguistic Theory in Statistical Language
    		Learning", pp. 83--89
    12. Richard McConachy and Kevin B. Korb and Ingrid
    		Zuckerman, "A {B}ayesian Approach to Automating
		Argumentation", pp. 91--100
    13. Stephen J. Green, "Automatically Generating Hypertext in
    		Newspaper Articles by Computing Semantic
		Relatedness", pp. 101--110
    14. Emin Erkan Korkmaz and G\"okt\"urk \"U\c{c}oluk, "Choosing a
    		Distance Metric for Automatic Word
		Categorization", pp. 111--120
    15. Patrick Saint-Dizier, "Sense Variation and Lexical Semantics
    		Generative Operations", pp. 121--130
    16. Harold Somers, "An Attempt to Use Weighted Cusums to Identify
    		Sublanguages", pp. 131--139
    17. Patrick Juola, "Cross-Entropy and Linguistic
    		Typology", pp. 141--149
    18. David M.W. Powers, "Applications and Explanations of {Z}ipf's
    		Law", pp. 151--160
    19. Peter Wallis and Edmund Yuen and Greg Chase, "Proper Name
    		Classification in an Information Extraction
		Toolset", pp. 161--162
    20. Robert Steele and David Powers, "Evolution and Evaluation
    		of Document Retrieval Properties", pp. 163--164
    21. Ilyas Cicekli and Turgay Korkmaz, "Generation of Simple
    		{T}urkish Sentences with Systemic-Functional
		Grammar", pp. 165--173
    22. Ian Thomas and Ingrid Zuckerman and Bhavani
    		Raskutti, "Extracting Phoneme Pronunciation
		Information from Corpora", pp. 175--183
    23. Antal van der Bosch and Ton Weijters and Walter
    		Daelemans, "Modularity in Inductively-Learned
		Word Pronunciation Systems", pp. 185--194
    24. Antal van der Bosch and Walter Daelemans, "Do Not Forget:
    		Full Memory in Memory-Based Learning of Word
		Pronunciation", pp. 195--204
    25. V. kamphuis and J.J. Sarbo, "Natural Language and Concept
    		Analysis", pp. 205--214
    26. Jim Entwisle and David Powers, "The Present Use of Statistics
    		in the Evaluation of {NLP} Parsers", pp. 215--224
    27. Hiroki Imai and Hozumi Tanaka, "A Method of Incorporating
    		Bigram Constraints into an {LR} Table and its
		Effectiveness in Natural Language
		Processing", pp. 225--233
    28. James M. Hogan and Joachim Diderich and Gerald D.
    		Finn, "Selective Attention and the Acquisition of
		Spatial Semantics", pp. 235--244
    29. Hideki Kozuma and Akira Iro, "Towards Language Acquisition
    		by an Attention-Sharing Robot", pp. 245--246
    30. Michael Carl, "A Constructivist Approach to Machine
    		Translation", pp. 247--256
    31. Michael Carl and Antje Schmidt-Wigger, "Shallow Post
    		Morphological Processing with {KURD}", pp. 257--265
    32. Erica F. de Lima, "Induction of a Stem Lexicon for
    		Two-Level Morphological Analysis", pp. 267--268
    33. Jason L. Hutchens and Michael D. Alder, "Introducing
    		{M}ega{H}al", pp. 271--274
    34. V\'eronique Bastin and Denis Cordier, "Methods and Tricks
    		Used in an Attempt to Pass the {T}uring Test", pp. 275--277
    35. David M.W. Powers, "The Total {T}uring Test and the {L}oebner
    		Prize", pp. 279--280
    36. Zenshiro Kawasaki and Keiji Takida and Masato
    		Tajima, "Language Model and Sentence Structure
		Manipulations for Natural Language Applications
		Systems", pp. 281--286
    37. Bradley P. Custer, "Position Paper on Appropriate
    		Audio/Visual {T}uring Test", pp. 287--288
    38. Tony C. Smith, "Learning Feature-Value Grammars from Plain
    		Text", pp. 291--294
    39. Herv\'e D\'ejean, "Morphemes as Necessary Concept for
    		Structures Discovery from Untagged Corpora", pp. 295--298
    40. Christopher D. Manning, "The Segmentation Problem in
    		Morphology Learning", pp. 299--305
    41. David M.W. Powers, "Reconciliation of Unsupervised Clustering
    		Segmentation and Cohesion", pp. 307--310
    42. Isabelle Tellier, "Syntactico-Semantic Learning of Categoriacal
    		Grammars", pp. 311--314
    } ,
  topic = {nl-processing;}  
 } 

@article{ burtonroberts:1984a,
  author = {N. Burton-Roberts},
  title = {Modality and Implicature},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {181--206},
  topic = {implicature;nl-modality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ busemann-horacek:1998a,
  author = {Stephen Busemann and Helmut Horacek},
  title = {A Flexible Shallow Approach to Text Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {238--247},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ bush:2000a,
  author = {Ryan Bush},
  title = {Broad and Narrow Identificational Foci},
  year = {2000},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of California at
  	Santa Cruz.},
  topic = {s-focus;}  
  } 

@book{ buss_s1:1998a,
  editor = {Samuel R. Buss},
  title = {Handbook of Proof Theory},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Samuel R. Buss, "Preface", p. v
     2. Samuel R. Buss, "An Introduction to Proof Theory", pp. 1--78
     3. Samuel R. Buss, "First-Order Proof Theory of
     		Arithmetic", pp. 79--147
     4. Matt Fairtlough and Stanley S. Wainer, "Hierarchies of
     		Provably Recursive Functions", pp. 149--207
     5. Wolfram Pohlers, "Subsystems of Set Theory and Second-Order
     		Number Theory", pp. 209--335
     6. Jeremy Avigad and Solomon Feferman, "G\"odel's Funcional
     		(`Dialectica') Interpretation", pp. 337--405
     7. A.S. Troelstra, "Realizability", pp. 407--473
     8. Giorgi Japaridze and Dick de Jongh, "The Logic of
     		Provability", pp. 475--536
     9. Pavel Pudl\'ak, "The Length of Proofs", pp. 547--637
    10. Gerhard J\"ager and Robert F. St\"ark, "A Proof-Theoretic
    		Framework for Logic Programming", pp. 639--682
  } ,
  xref = {Review: arai:2000a.},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ buss_s1:1998b,
  author = {Samuel R. Buss},
  title = {An Introduction to Proof Theory},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Samuel R. Buss},
  pages = {1--78},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Review: arai:1998b.},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ buss_s1:1998c,
  author = {Samuel R. Buss},
  title = {First-Order Proof Theory of Arithmetic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Samuel R. Buss},
  pages = {79--147},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Review: arai:1998a.},
  topic = {proof-theory;higher-order-logic;formalizations-of-arithmetic;}  
 } 

@article{ buss_s1-etal:2001a,
  author = {Samuel R. Buss and Alexander S. Kechris and Anand
  	Pillay and Richard A. Shore},
  title = {The Prospects for Mathematical Logic in the Twenty-First
  	Century},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {169--196},
  topic = {logic-editorial;}  
  } 

@article{ buss_s2:1997a,
  author = {Sarah Buss},
  title = {Justified Wrongdoing},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {31},
  number = {3},
  pages = {37--369},
  topic = {ethics;moral-responsibility;}  
  } 

@book{ buszkowski-etal:1988a,
  editor = {Wojciech Buszkowski and Witold Marciszewski and
  	Johan van Benthem},
  title = {Categorial Grammar},
  publisher = {Benjamins},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {9027215308},
  topic = {caategorial-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ buszkowski:1994a,
  author = {Wojciech Buszkowski},
  title = {Extending {L}ambek Grammars to Basic Categorial Grammars},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {279--295},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ buszkowski:1996a,
  author = {Wojciech Buszkowski},
  title = {Mathematical Linguistics and Proof Theory},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  pages = {683--736},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;proof-theory;type-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ buszkowski-moortgat:2002a,
  author = {Wojciech Buszkowski and Michael Moortgat},
  title = {Introduction (to a Special Issue on the {L}ambek
  	Calculus in Logic and Linguistics},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {71},
  number = {3},
  pages = {261--276},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;linear-logic;} 
  } 

@incollection{ butchvarov:1978a,
  author = {Panayot Butchvarov},
  title = {Identity},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {159--178},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {identity;(non)existence;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ butler:1955a,
  author = {Ronald J. Butler},
  title = {Aristotle's Sea-Fight and Three-Valued Logic},
  journal = {Philosophical-Review},
  year = {1955},
  volume = {64},
  pages = {264--274},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {future-contingent-propositions;multi-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ butler:1962a,
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  title = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series},
  publisher = {Barnes and Noble},
  year = {1962},
  address = {New York},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Zeno Vendler, "Effects, Results, and Consequences", pp. 1--15
     2. Sylvan Bromberger, "What Are Effects?", pp. 15--20
     3. W.H. Dray, "Must Effects Have Causes?", pp. 20--25
     4. Zeno Vendler, "Reactions and Retractions", pp. 25--31
     5. J.R. Lucas, "Causation", pp. 32--65
     6. J.L. Mackie, "Counterfactuals and Causal Laws", pp. 66--80
     7. Richard Cartwright, "Propositions", pp. 81--103
     8. J.F. Thomson, "On Some Paradoxes", pp. 104--119
     9. Arthur N. Prior, "Nonentities", pp. 120--132
    10. H. Paul Grice, "Some Remarks about the Senses", pp. 133--
    11. D. Gasking, "Avowals", pp. 154--169
    12. M.E. Lean, "{M}r. {G}asking on Avowals", pp. 169--186
    13. R.C. Buck, "Non-Other Minds", pp. 187--210
    14. Hilary Putnam, "Dreaming and `Depth Grammar'\,", pp. 211--235
  } ,
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@book{ butler:1965a,
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  title = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1965},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Hilary Putnam, "Brains and Behavior", pp. 1--19
     2. David Savan, "Socrates' Logic and the Unity of Wisdom and 
     		Temperance", pp. 20--26
     3. Bede Rundle, "Modality and Quantification", pp. 27--39
     4. David Wiggins, "Identity-Statements", pp. 40--71
     5. Sylvan Bromberger, "An Approach to Explanation", pp. 72--105
     6. Julius Moravcsik, "Strawson and Ontological Priority", pp. 106--119
     7. Michael J. Woods, "Identity and Individuation", pp. 120--130
     8. Richard M.P. Malpas, "The Location of Sound", pp. 131--144
     9. J.M. Shorter, "Causality, and a Method of Analysis", pp. 145--157
    10. G.E.M. Anscombe, "The Intentionality of Sensation", pp. 158--180
    11. Ronald J. Butler, "{M}essrs. {G}oodman, {G}reen and 
    		{G}rue", pp. 181--193
  } ,
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@book{ butt-geuder:1998a,
  editor = {Miriam Butt and Wilhelm Geuder},
  title = {The Projection of Arguments: Lexical and Compositional
  	Factors},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Stanford},
  ISBN = {1575861119},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1.  William Croft, "Event Structure in Argument Linking"
     2.  Gillian Catriona Ramchand, "Deconstructing the Lexicon"
     3.  Malka Rappaport Hovav and Beth Levin, "Building
     		Verb Meanings"
     4.  Elizabeth Ritter and Sara Thomas Rosen, "Delimiting
     		Events in Syntax"
     5.  K.P. Mohanan and Tara Mohanan, "Strong and Weak Projection,
     		Lexical Reflexives and Reciprocals"
     6.  Eloise Jelinek, "Voice and Transitivity as Functional
     		Projections in {Y}aqui"
     7.  Veerle van Geenhoven, "On the Argument Structure
     		of Some Noun Incorporating Verbs in {W}est
		{G}reenlandic"
     8.  Paul Kiparsky, "Partitive Case and Aspect"
     9.  Ad Neeleman and Tanya Reinhart, "Scrambling
     		and the {PF} Interface"
  } ,
  topic = {lexical-semantics;event-structure;argument-structure;} 
 } 

@book{ butt-etal:1999a,
  author = {Mirian Butt and Tracy Holloway King and Mar\'ia-Eugenia
  	Ni\~no amd Fr\'ed\'erique Segond},
  title = {A Grammar Writer's Cookbook},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {1-57586-170-4},
  xref = {Review: maxwell:2000a.Review: johnson_c:2001a.},
  topic = {grammatical-writing;}  
 } 

@book{ butt-king_tw:2001a,
  editor = {Miriam Butt and Tracy Holloway King},
  title = {Time Over Matter: Diachronic Perspectives On Morphosyntax},
  publisher = {CLSI Publications},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Stanford},
  ISBN = {1575862816},
  topic = {morphology;syntax;historical-linguistics;} 
 } 

@incollection{ butterworth:1994a,
  author = {George Butterworth},
  title = {Infant Intelligence},
  booktitle = {What is Intelligence?},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jean Khalfa},
  pages = {49--71},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {intelligence;developmental-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ butts-hintikka:1977a,
  editor = {Robert E. Butts and Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Basic Problems in Methodology and Linguistics},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ buvac-mason_m:1993a,
  author = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Ian Mason},
  title = {Propositional Logic of Context},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert},
  pages = {412--419},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;logic-of-context;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ buvac:1995a,
   author = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c}},
   title = {Ambiguity Via Formal Theory of Context},
   year = {1995},
   note = {Available from http://www-formal.stanford.edu/buvac.},
   topic = {context;ambiguity;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ buvac:1995b,
   author = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c}},
   title = {Semantics of Translation},
   year = {1995},
   note = {Available from http://www-formal.stanford.edu/buvac.},
   topic = {context;}  
  } 

@book{ buvac:1995c,
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  title = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Formalizing Context},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Barbara Grosz, "Essential Ambiguity:  The Role of Context in
		Natural-Language Processing", p. 1
     2. Ramanathan  Guha, "Mechanisms in Implemented {KR} Systems", p. 2
     3. Patrick Hayes, "What is a Context?", p. 3
     4. Carl Hewitt, "From Contexts to Negotiation Forums", pp. 4--5
     5. John McCarthy, "Varieties of Formalized Contexts and
     		Subcontexts", p. 6
     6. Robert Stalnaker, "On the Representation of Context", pp. 7--8
     7. Giuseppe Attardi and Maria Simi, "Beppo Had a Dream", pp. 9--22
     8. Varol Akman and Mehmet Surav, "Contexts, Oracles, and
     		Relevance", pp. 23--30
     9. Phillipe Besnard and Yao-Hua Tan, "A Modal Logic with
     		Context-Dependent Inference for Non-Monotonic
		Reasoning", pp. 31--38
    10. Raj Bhatnagar, "Probabilistic Contexts for Reasoning", pp. 39--46
    11. Pierre E. Bonzon, "A Meta-Level Inference Architecture for
    		Contexts", pp. 47--54
    12. Robert Demolombe, "Reasoning about Topics: Towards a Formal
    		Theory", pp. 55--59
    13. Fabio Massacci, "Superficial Tableau for Contextual
    		Reasoning", pp. 60--67
    14. L. Thorne McCarty, "An Implementation of Eisner v.
    		Macomber", pp. 68--78
    15. Narinder Singh and Omar Tawakol and Michael
    		Genesereth, "A Name-Space Context Graph for
		Multi-Context, Multi-Agent Systems", pp. 79--84
    16. John Sowa, "Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics of
    		Contexts", pp. 85--96
    17. Alice ter Meulen, "Content in Context", pp. 97--109
    18. Kees van Deemter, "Semantic Vagueness and
    		Context-Dependence", pp. 110--117
  } ,
  topic = {context;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ buvac-etal:1995a,
   author = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Vanja Buva\v{c} and Ian Mason},
   title = {The Semantics of Propositional Contexts},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on
   	Methodologies for Intelligent Systems},
   year = {1995},
   publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
   address = {Berlin},
   missinginfo = {pages},
   note = {Available from http://www-formal.stanford.edu/buvac.},
   topic = {context;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@article{ buvac-etal:1995b,
   author = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Vanja Buva\v{c} and Ian Mason},
   title = {Metamathematics of Contexts},
   journal = {Fundamenta Mathematicae},
   volume = {23},
   number = {3},
   year = {1995},
   note = {Available from http://www-formal.stanford.edu/buvac.},
   topic = {context;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ buvac-fikes:1995a,
   author = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Richard Fikes},
   title = {A Declarative Formalization of Knowledge Translation},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {CIKM}: the Fourth International
		Conference in Information and Knowledge Management},
   year = {1995},
   note = {Available from http://www-formal.stanford.edu/buvac.},
   missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address, pages},
   topic = {context;knowledge-integration;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ buvac-fikes:1995b,
  author = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and Richard Fikes},
  title = {Preface},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  pages = {iii--iv},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  note = {Abstract.},
  topic = {context;ambiguity;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ buvac:1996a,
  author = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  title = {Quantificational Logic of Context},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {600--606},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ buvac:1996b,
  author = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  title = {Resolving Lexical Ambiguity Using a Formal
       		Theory of Context},
  booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  pages = {101--124},
  topic = {context;ambiguity;semantic-underspecification;
		lexical-disambiguation;disambiguation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ buvac-mccarthy_j1:1996a,
  author = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and John McCarthy},
  title = {Combining Planning Contexts},
  booktitle = {Advanced Planning Technology: Technological
	Achievements of the {ARPA}/Rome Laboratory Planning Initiative},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Austin Tate},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {context;planning;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ buvac:1997a,
  author = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  title = {Pragmatical Considerations on Logical {AI}},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {38--40},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ buvac-iwanska:1997a,
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  title = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;}  
 } 

@article{ buvac-kameyama:1998a,
  author = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Megumi Kameyama},
  title = {Introduction: Toward a Unified Theory of Context?},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--2},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@article{ buxton-gong:1995a,
  author = {Hilary Buxton and Shaogang Gong},
  title = {Visual Surveillance in a Dynamic and Uncertain World},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {78},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {431--459},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Advanced visual surveillance systems not only need to track
     moving objects but also interpret their patterns of behaviour.
     This means that solving the information integration problem
     becomes very important. We use conceptual knowledge of both the
     scene and the visual task to provide constraints. We also
     control the system using dynamic attention and selective
     processing.  Bayesian belief networks support this and allow us
     to model dynamic dependencies between parameters involved in
     visual interpretation. We illustrate these arguments using
     experimental results from a traffic surveillance application. In
     particular, we demonstrate that using expectations of object
     trajectory, size and speed for the particular scene improves
     robustness and sensitivity in dynamic tracking and segmentation.
     We also demonstrate behavioral evaluation under attentional
     control using a combination of a static BBN TASKNET and dynamic
     network. The causal structure of these networks provides a
     framework for the design and integration of advanced vision
     systems.  } ,
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;visual-surveillance;motion-tracking;
  	computer-vision;}  
  } 

@book{ bybee-fleishman:1995a,
  author = {Joan Bybee and Suzanne Fleishman},
  title = {Modality in Grammar and Discourse},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nl-modality;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ bylander-etal:1989a1,
  author = {Tom Bylander and Dean Allemang and Michael C. Tanner and
  	John R. Josephson},
  title = {Some Results Concerning the Computational Complexity of
  	Abduction},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {44--54},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Journal publication: bylander-etal:1989a1.},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;abduction;kr-complexity-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ bylander:1991a1,
  author = {Tom Bylander},
  title = {The Monotonic Abduction Problem: A Functional
  	Characterization on the Edge of Tractability},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {70--77},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Journal publication: bylander-etal:1991a2.},
  topic = {kr;abduction;kr-complexity-analysis;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ bylander-etal:1991a2,
  author = {Tom Bylander and Dean Allemang and Michael C. Tanner and
  	John R. Josephson},
  title = {The Computational Complexity of Abduction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {49},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {25--60},
  xref = {Conference publication: bylander-etal:1991a1.},
  topic = {kr-complexity-analysis;abduction;}  
  } 

@article{ bylander:1994a,
  author = {Tom Bylander},
  title = {The Computational Complexity of Propositional {STRIPS} 
  	Planning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {165--204},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;planning;STRIPS;}  
  } 

@article{ bylander:1996a,
  author = {Tom  Bylander},
  title = {A Probabilistic Analysis of Propositional {STRIPS} 
		Planning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {81},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {241--271},
  topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;
  	computational-phase-transitions;}  
  } 

@article{ bylander:1998a,
  author = {Tom Bylander},
  title = {Worst-Case Analysis of the Perceptron and
	Worst-Case Exponentiated Update Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {106},
  number = {2},
  pages = {335--352},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;perceptrons;}  
  } 

@article{ byrd_m:1973a,
  author = {Michael Byrd},
  title = {Knowledge and True Belief in {H}intikka's Epistemic Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {181--192},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;belief;}  
  } 

@article{ byrd_m:1978a,
  author = {Michael Byrd},
  title = {The Extensions of {BAlt}$_3$---Revisited},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {407--413},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ byrd_rj:1994a,
  author = {Roy J. Byrd},
  title = {Discovering Relationships Among Word Senses},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of Don Walker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {177--189},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ byrne:2001a,
  author = {Alex Byrne},
  title = {Intentionalism Defended},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--240},
  topic = {philosophy-of-perception;}  
  } 

@article{ byron:2001a,
  author = {Donna K. Byron},
  title = {The Uncommon Denominator: A Proposal for Consistent
  	Reporting of Pronoun Resolution Results},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {4},
  pages = {569--577},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;} 
  } 

@book{ bystrov-sadovsky:1996a,
  editor = {Peter I. Bystrov and Vadim N. Sadovsky},
  title = {Philosophical Logic and Logical Philosophy:  Essays in
  	Honour of {V}ladimir {A}. {S}mirnov},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792342704 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ caccamo-kowaltowski:1998a,
  author = {Mario-Jos\'e C\'accamo and Tomasz Kowaltowski},
  title = {Review of {\it Finite-State Language Processing},
		edited by {E}mmanual {R}oche and {Y}ves {S}chabes},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {641--643},
  topic = {finite-state-nlp;}  
  } 

@book{ cacciari-tabossi:1993a,
  author = {Cristina Cacciari and Patrizia Tabosi},
  title = {Idioms: Processing, Structure, and Interpretation},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;idioms;}  
 } 

@article{ cadoli-etal:1992a,
  author = {Marco Cadoli and Thomas Eiter and Georg Gottlob},
  title = {An Efficient Method for Eliminating Varying Predicates
  	from a Circumscription},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {54},
  number = {3},
  pages = {397--410},
  topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cadoli-schaerf:1992a,
  author = {Grigori Cadoli and Marco Schaerf},
  title = {Approximate Reasoning and Non-Omniscient Agents},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {169--183},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;resource-limited-reasoning;
  	hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cadoli-schaerf:1992b,
  author = {Marco Cadoli and Marco Schaerf},
  title = {Approximation in Concept Description Languages},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {330--341},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;approximation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cadoli-etal:1994a,
  author = {Marco Cadoli and Francesco Domini and Marco Schaerf},
  title = {Is Intractability of Non-Monotonic Logic a Real Drawback?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf},
  pages = {946--951},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-complexity-analysis;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cadoli-etal:1994b,
  author = {Marco Cadoli and Thomas Eiter and Georg Georg Gottlob},
  title = {Default Logic as a Query Language},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {99--108},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;default-logic;query-languages;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cadoli-etal:1996a,
  author = {Marco Cadoli and Francesco M. Donini and Paolo Liberatore and
  	Marco Schaerf},
  title = {Comparing Space Efficiency of Propositional Knowledge
  	Representation Formalisms},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {364--374},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-complexity-analysis;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ cadoli-etal:1996b,
  author = {Marco Cadoli and Francesco M. Donini and Marco Schaerf},
  title = {Is Intractability of Nonmonotonic Reasoning a Real
  	Drawback?},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {88},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {215--251},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ cadoli-etal:1999a,
  author = {Marco Cadoli and Francesco M. Donini and Paolo Liberatore and
  	Marco Schaerf},
  title = {The Size of a Revised Knowledge Base},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {115},
  number = {1},
  pages = {25--64},
  topic = {belief-revision;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ cadoli-scarcello:2000a,
  author = {Marco Cadoli and Francesco Scarcello},
  title = {Semantical and Computational Aspects of {H}orn
  	Approximations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {119},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--17},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Selman and Kautz proposed a method, called Horn approximation,
     for speeding up inference in propositional Knowledge Bases.
     Their technique is based on the compilation of a propositional
     formula into a pair of Horn formulae: a Horn Greatest Lower
     Bound (GLB) and a Horn Least Upper Bound (LUB). In this paper we
     focus on GLBs and address two questions that have been only
     marginally addressed so far:
     	1. what is the semantics of the Horn GLBs?
	2. what is the exact complexity of finding them?
     We obtain semantical as well as computational results. The major
     semantical result is: The set of minimal models of a
     propositional formula and the set of minimum models of its Horn
     GLBs are the same.  The major computational result is: Finding a
     Horn GLB of a propositional formula in CNF is NP -equivalent.
  } ,
  topic = {Horn-approximation;knowledge-compilation;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ caferra-salzer:2000a,
  editor = {Ricardo Caferra and Gernot Salzer},
  title = {Automated Deduction in Classical and Non-Classical Logics:
    Selected Papers},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Berlin},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1.  Gilles Dowek, "Automated theorem proving in
     	   first-order logic modulo: on the difference between
	   type theory and set theory"
     2. Melvin Fitting, "Higher-order Modal Logic--A Sketch"
     3. Deepak Kapur and G. Sivakumar, "Proving
          Associative-Commutative Termination Using RPO-Compatible
	  Orderings"
     4. Alexander Leitsch, "Decision Procedures and Model
          Building, or How to Improve Logical Information in
	  Automated Deduction"
     5. David A. Plaisted and Yunshan Zhu, "Replacement Rules with
          Definition Detection"
     6. Thierry Boy de la Tour, "On the Comlexity [sic]
          of Finite Sorted Algebras"
     7. Domenico Cantone and Marianna Nicolosi Asmundo, "A Further
     	  and Effective Liberalization of the Delta-Rule in Free
	  Variable Semantic Tableaux"
     8. Domenico Cantone and Calogero G. Zarba, "A New Fast
     	  Tableau-Based Decision Procedure for an Unquantified
          Fragment of Set Theory"
     9. Ingo Dahn, "Interpretation of a Mizar-Like Logic in
          First-Order Logic"
    10. St\'ephane Demri and Rajeev Gor\'e, "An $O((n{\cdot}log
          n)^3$)-time transformation from {Grz} into
          Decidable Fragments of Classical First-Order Logic"
    11. Christian G. Ferm\"uller, "Implicational Completeness of
          Signed Resolution"
    12. Andrea Fromisano and Eugenio Omodeo, "An Equational
    	  Re-Engineering of Set Theories"
    13. Ullrich Hustadt andz Renate A. Schmidt, "Issues of
          Decidability for Description Logics in the Framework of
	  Resolution"
    14. Reinhard Pichler, "Extending Decidable Clause Classes Via
    	  Constraints"
    15. Reinhard Pichler, "Completeness and Redundancy in Constrained
    	  Clause Logic"
    16. Aida Pliu\v{s}keviciene, "Effective Properties of Some
          First-Order Intuitionistic Modal Logics"
    17. Grigore Rosu and Joseph Goguen, "Hidden Congruent Deduction"
    18. Viorica Sofronie-Stokkermans, "Resolution-based theorem
    	proving for SH$_n$-logics"
    19. Claus-Peter Wirth "Full First-Order Sequent and Tableau
        Calculi with Preservation of Solutions and the Liberalized
	Delta-Rule but without Skolemization"
  } ,
  ISBN = {3540671900 (softcover)},
  topic = {theorem-proving;modal-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ cagnoni:1977a,
  author = {Donatella Cagnoni},
  title = {A Note on the Elimination Rules},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {269--281},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ cahill:1996a,
  author = {Lynne J. Cahill},
  title = {Morphonology in the Lexicon},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, School of Cognitive and Computing
  	Sciences, University of Sussex.},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ cahill-gazdar:1996a,
  author = {Lynne J. Cahill and Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {Multilingual Lexicons for Related Languages},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, School of Cognitive and Computing
  	Sciences, University of Sussex.},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@article{ cahn:1964a,
  author = {Stephen Cahn},
  title = {Fatalistic Arguments},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {62},
  number = {10},
  pages = {295--305},
  xref = {Commentary on: taylor_r:1962a. Also see: taylor:1964a.},
  topic = {(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cahn_je-brennan:1999a,
  author = {Janet E. Cahn and Susan E. Brennan},
  title = {A Psychological Model of Grounding and Repair in Dialog},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {25--33},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;conversational-record;}  
  } 

@book{ cahn_sm:1967a,
  author = {Steven M. Cahn},
  title = {Fate, Logic, and Time},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1967},
  address = {New Haven},
  xref = {Criticism: chapman:1972a.},
  topic = {future-contingent-propositions;(in)determinism;}  
 } 

@article{ cahn_sm:1974a,
  author = {Steven M. Cahn},
  title = {Statements of Future Contingencies},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {81},
  number = {332},
  pages = {574},
  xref = {Reply to chapman:1972a.},
  acontentnote = {Abstract: 
     In a note in ``Mind,'' Tobias Chapman claims that the solution
     to the fatalist's paradox which I offer in my book ``Fate,
     Logic, and Time" is defective in two respects. In this article I
     argue that both Chapman's objections are mistaken. First, he
     erroneously assumes that all statements are tensed. Second, he
     erroneously assumes that a three-valued logic must be purely
     truth-functional.     } ,
       topic = {future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ caicedo:1995a,
  author = {Xavier Caicedo},
  title = {Continuous Operations on Spaces of Functions},
  booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W.
  	Szczerba},
  pages = {263--296},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {model-theory;topology;}  
  } 

@article{ cajori:1915a,
  author = {F Cajori},
  title = {The History of {Z}eno's Arguments on Motion},
  journal = {American Mathmatical Monthly},
  year = {1915},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {1--6; 77--82; 109--115; 143--149; 179--186; 215--220; 253--258},
  topic = {paradoxes-of-motion;Zeno;}  
  } 

@incollection{ calder:1997a,
  author = {Jo Calder},
  title = {On Aligning Trees},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {75--80},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;corpus-linguistics;
		corpus-tagging;}  
  } 

@book{ calhoun-solomon:1984a,
  editor = {Cheshire Calhoun and Robert C. Solomon},
  title = {What is an Emotion?  Classic Readings in Philosophical
  	Psychology},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {emotion;}  
 } 

@incollection{ calif-mooney:1998a,
  author = {Mary Elaine Calif and Raymond J. Mooney},
  title = {Relational Learning of Pattern-Match Rules for Information
		Extraction},
  booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {T. Mark Ellison},
  pages = {9--15},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;information-retrieval;}  
  } 

@article{ callaway-lester:2002a,
  author = {Charles B. Callaway and James C. Lester},
  title = {Narrative Prose Generation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {139},
  number = {2},
  pages = {213--252},
  topic = {nl-generation;fiction;narrative-generation;} 
  } 

@article{ callendar:1998a,
  author = {Craig Callendar},
  title = {Review of {\it Bangs, Crunches, Whimpers, and Shrieks:
  	Singularities and Acausalities in Relativistic Spacetime}, by
	{J}ohn {E}arman},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {1},
  pages = {142--146},
  xref = {Review of earman:1995a},
  topic = {spacetime-singularities;philosophy-of-physics;}  
  } 

@article{ callendar:1999a,
  author = {Craig Callender},
  title = {Reducing Thermodynamics to Statistical Mechanics:
  	The Case of Entropy},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {7},
  pages = {348--373},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;foundations-of-thermodynamics;
  	theory-reduction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ callendar:2000a,
  author = {Craig Callendar},
  title = {Shedding Light on Time},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S587--S599},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-time;philosophy-of-physics;}  
  } 

@book{ callendar-huggert:2000a,
  editor = {Craig Callendar and Nick Huggert},
  title = {Physics Meets Philosophy at the {P}lanck Scale:
  	Contemporary Theories in Quantum Gravity},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052166445-4},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;quantum-gravity;}  
 } 

@incollection{ calmes-etal:2002a,
  author = {Martine de Calm\'es and Didier Dubois and Eyke
  	H\"ullermeier and Henri Prade and Florecne S\'edes},
  title = {A Fuzzy Set Approach to Flexible Case-Based Querying:
  	Methodology and Experimentation},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {449--458},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;query-planning;} 
  } 

@book{ calmet-etal:1996a,
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and John A. Campbell and Jochen Pfalzgraf},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Mathematical Computation:
  	International Conference, {AISC}-3, Steyr, Austria,
	September 23-25, 1996, Proceedings},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540617329},
  topic = {logic-programming;theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@book{ calmet-plaza:1998a,
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Berlin},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Luc De Raedt, "An Inductive Logic Programming Query
		Language for Database Mining (Extended Abstract)"
  	2. Melvin Fitting, "Bertrand {R}ussell, {H}erbrand's
		Theorem, and the Assignment Statement"
  	3. Richmond H. Thomason, "Representing and Reasoning with
		Context"
  	4. Alessandro Armado and Silvio Ranise, "From Integrated
		Reasoning Specialists to `Plug and Play' Reasoning
		Components"
  	5. Clemens Ballarin and Lawrence C. Paulson, "Reasoning
		about Coding Theory: The Benefits We Get From
		Computer Algebra"
  	6. Michael Beeson, "Automatic Generation of Epsilon-Delta
		Proofs of Continuity"
  	7. Belaid Benhamou and Laurent Heocque, "Finite Model Search
		for Equational Theories (FMSET)"
  	8. P.G. Bertoli nd J. Calmet and Fausto Giunchiglia and
		K. Homann, "Specification and Integration of
		Theorem Provers and Computer Algebra Systems"
  	9. Carlos Castro, "{COLLETTE}, Prototyping {CSP} Problem Solvers
		Using a Rule-Based Language"
       10. Martin Damsbo and Peder Thusgaard Ruboff, "An Evolutionary
       		Algorithm for Welding Task Sequence Ordering"
       11. Uwe Egli and Stephen Schmitt, "Intuitionistic
       		Proof Transformations and Their Application to
		Constructive Program Synthesis"
       12. St\'ephane F\'evre and Dongming Wang, "Combining Algebraic
       		Computing and Term-Rewriting for Geometry Theorem
		Proving"
       13. Dirk Fuchs, "Cooperation between Top-Down and Bottom-Up
       		Theorem Provers by Subgoal Clause Transfer"
       14. Ken-etzu Fujita, "Polymorphic Call-by-Value Calculus Based
       		on Classical Proofs"
       15. L.M. Laita and E. Roanes-Lozano and Y. Maojo, "Inference
       		and Verification in Medical Appropriateness Criteria
		Using {G}r\"obner Bases"
       16. Christopher Lynch, "The Unification Problem for One
       		Relation {T}hue Systems"
       17. Christopher Lynch and Christelle Scharff, "Basic
       		Completion with E-Cycle Simplification"
       18. Eric Monfroy and Christophe Ringeissen, "Sole{X}: A
       		Domain Independent Scheme for Constraint Solver
		Extension"
       19. Ian Horrocks and Peter F. Patel-Schneider, "Optimising
       		Propositional Modal Satisfiability for Description
		Logic Subsumption"
       20. Brigitte Pientka and Christoph Kreitz, "Instantiation of
       		Existentially Quantified Variables in Induction
		Specification Proofs"
       21. Zbigniew Ra\'s and Jiyun Zheng, "Knowledge Discovery
       		Objects and Queries in Distributed Knowledge
		Systems"
       22. Fritz Schwartz, "{ALLTYPES}: An Algebraic Language and
       		{TYPE} System"
       23. J. Rafael Sendra and Franz Winkler, "Real Parametrization
       		of Algebraic Curves"
       24. Zbigniew Stachniak, "Non-Clausal Reasoning with
       		Propositional Theories"
  	},
  topic = {logic-programming;theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@incollection{ calvanese-etal:1994a,
  author = {Marco Calvanese and Maurizio Lenzerini and Daniele Nardi},
  title = {A Unified Framework for Class-Based Representation Formalisms},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {109--120},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;frames;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ calvanese:1996a,
  author = {Diego Calvanese},
  title = {Finite Model Reasoning in Description Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {292--303},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  contentnote = {Considers eg how to add lists and trees to KL1.},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;finite-models;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ calvanese-etal:1998a,
  author = {Diego Calvanese and Giuseppe de Giacomo and Maurizio
		Lenzarini and Daniele Nardi and Ricardo Rosati},
  title = {Description Logic Framework for Knowledge Integration},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {2--13},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;knowledge-integration;taxonomic-logics
		;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ calvanese-etal:2000a,
  author = {Diego Calvanese and Giuseppe De Giacomo and Maurizio
        Lenzerini and Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {Containment of Conjunctive Regular Path Queries with
  	Inverse},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {176--185},
  topic = {reasoning-with-queries;}  
  } 

@incollection{ calvanese-etal:2002a,
  author = {Diego Calvanese and Giuseppe De Giacomo and Moshe Y.
  	Vardi},
  title = {Reasoning about Action and Planning in {LTL} Action
  	Theories},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {593--602},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;planning-formalisms;reasoning-about-actions;} 
  } 

@incollection{ calzolari:1994a,
  author = {Nicoletta Calzolari},
  title = {Issues for Lexicon Building},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {267--281},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@book{ cameron_d-rosenblatt:1991a,
  author = {Debra Cameron and Bill Rosenblatt},
  title = {Learning Gnu Emacs},
  publisher = {O'Reilly},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Sebastopol, California},
  topic = {emacs-manual;}  
 } 

@article{ cameron_jr:2000a,
  author = {J.R. Cameron},
  title = {Numbers as Types},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {10},
  pages = {529--563},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@book{ cameron_pj:1994a,
  author = {Peter J. Cameron},
  title = {Combinatorics: Topics, Techniques, Algorithms},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {combinatorics;}  
 } 

@article{ campbell:1974a,
  author = {Richard Campbell},
  title = {Real Predicates and `Exists'\,},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {83},
  number = {329},
  pages = {95--99},  
  topic = {(non)existence;Kant;} 
  } 

@article{ campbell_ja-hearn:1970a,
  author = {J.A. Campbell and Anthony C. Hearn},
  title = {Symbolic Analysis of {F}eynman Diagrams by Computer},
  journal = {Journal of Computational Physics},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {280--327},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {computer-assisted-physics;computer-assisted-science;}  
  } 

@article{ campbell_k:1965a,
  author = {Keith Campbell},
  title = {Family Resemblance Predicates},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {238--244},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;cluster-concepts;}  
  } 

@article{ campbell_k:1974a,
  author = {Keith Campbell},
  title = {The Sorites Paradox},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {175--191},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ campbell_ks:1989a,
  author = {Kim Sydow Campbell},
  title = {Book Review: A Linguistic Study of American
		  Punctuation},
  journal = {College Composition and Communication},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {40},
  number = {2},
  pages = {242--243},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@article{ campbell_m-etal:2002a,
  author = {Murray Campbell and A. Joseph {Hoane, Jr.} and
  	Feng-Hsiung Hsu},
  title = {Deep Blue},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {134},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {57--83},
  topic = {computer-chess;game-trees;search;} 
  } 

@article{ campbell_ms-marsland:1983a,
  author = {Murray S. Campbell and T.A. Marsland},
  title = {A Comparison of Minimax Tree Search Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {347--367},
  topic = {search;AI-algorithms-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ campbell_r:1964a,
  author = {R. Campbell},
  title = {Modality {\it de dicto} and {\it de re}},
  journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {42},
  pages = {345--359},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {modality;quantifying-in-modality;singular-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ campbell_r:1974a,
  author = {Richmond Campbell},
  title = {The Sorites Paradox},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {175--191},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ campbell_r:1985a,
  author = {Richmond Campbell},
  title = {Background for the Uninitiated},
  booktitle = {Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation},
  publisher = {The University of British Columbia Press},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {3--41},
  address = {Vancouver},
  topic = {rationality;foundations-of-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ campbell_r-sowdon:1985a,
  editor = {Richmond Campbell and Lanning Sowden},
  title = {Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation: Prisoner's
  	Dilemma and {N}ewcomb's Problem},
  publisher = {The University of British Columbia Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Vancouver},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;rationality;cooperation;
  	Newcomb-problem;prisoner's-dilemma;}  
 } 

@book{ campe:1994a,
  author = {Petra Campe},
  title = {Case, Semantic Roles, and Grammatical Relations: A
  	Comprehensive Bibliography},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {grammatival-relations;}  
 } 

@incollection{ campell-shapiro:1998a,
  author = {Alistair Campell and Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {Algorithms for Ontological Mediation},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {102--107},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;computational-ontology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cancedda-samuelson_c:2000a,
  author = {Nicola Cancedda and Christer Samuelson},
  title = {Corpus-Based Grammar Specialization},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {7--12},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;disambiguation;
  	grammar-specialization;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ candito:1996a,
  author = {Marie-H\'el\'ene Candito},
  title = {Generating an {LTAG} out of a Principle-Based Hierarchical
  	Representation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {342--344},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {TAG-grammar;computational-lexicography;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ candito:1998a,
  author = {Marie-H\'el\`en Candito},
  title = {Building Parallel Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars for
  	{I}talian and {F}rench},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {211--218},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {TAG-grammar;Italian-language;French-language;}  
} 

@article{ canning:1992a,
  author = {S. Canning},
  title = {Rationality, Computability and {N}ash Equilibrium},
  journal = {Econometirca},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {60},
  pages = {877--888},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {game-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ canny:1988a,
  author = {John Canny},
  title = {Constructing Roadmaps of Semi-Algebraic Sets {I}:
  	Completeness},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {203--222},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper describes preliminary work on an algorithm for
     planning collision-free motions for a robot manipulator in the
     presence of obstacles. The physical obstacles lead to forbidden
     regions in the robots configuration space, and for
     collision-free motion we need paths through configuration space
     which avoid these regions. Our method is to construct a certain
     one-dimensional subset or ``roadmap'' of the space of allowable
     configurations. If S denotes the set of allowable
     configurations, the roadmap has the property that any connected
     component of S contains a single connected component of the
     roadmap.  It is also possible, starting from an arbitrary point
     p S to rapidly construct a path from p to a point on the
     roadmap.  Thus given any two points in S we can rapidly
     determine whether they lie in the same connected component of S,
     and if they do, we can return a candidate path between them. We
     do not give a complete description of the algorithm here, but we
     define the roadmap geometrically, and verify that it has the
     necessary connectivity.  } ,
  topic = {robotics;motion-planning;collision-avoidance;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cano-etal:1991a,
  author = {Jos\'e Cano and Miguel Delgado and Seraf\'in Moral},
  title = {Propagation of Uncertainty in Dependance Graphs},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {42--47},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;dependency-graphs;}  
  } 

@article{ cantwell:1998a,
  author = {John Cantwell},
  title = {Resolving Conflicting Information},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {191--220},
  topic = {belief-revision;coherence;}  
  } 

@article{ cantwell:1999a,
  author = {John Cantwell},
  title = {Some Logics of Iterated Belief Change},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49--84},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ cantwell:2000a,
  author = {John Cantwell},
  title = {Logics of Belief Change without Linearity},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1556--1575},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@book{ cao_ty:1999a,
  editor = {Tian Yu Cao},
  title = {Conceptual Foundations of Quantum Field Theory},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052163152-1},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;quantum-field-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ capitan-merrill:1967a,
  editor = {William H. Capitan and Daniel D. Merrill},
  title = {Art, Mind, and Religion},
  publisher = {University of Pittsburgh Press},
  year = {1967},
  address = {Pittsburgh},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@article{ cappelin-lepore:1997a,
  author = {Herman Cappelin and Ernest Lepore},
  title = {The Varieties of Quotation},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {106},
  pages = {429--450},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {direct-discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ cappelin:1999a,
  author = {Herman Cappelin},
  title = {Intentions in Words},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  number = {3},
  pages = {92--102},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;referring-expressions;reference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ carabello-charniak:1996a,
  author = {Sharon A. Carabello and Eugene Charniak},
  title = {Figures of Merit for
			Best-First Probabilistic Chart Parsing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {127--132},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;corpus-statistics;}  
  } 

@article{ carabello-charniak:1998a,
  author = {Sharon A. Carabello and Eugene Charniak},
  title = {New Figures of Merit for Best-First Probabilistic
  	Chart Parsing},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {275--298},
  topic = {probabilistic-parsers;}  
  } 

@book{ carberry_ms-etal:1979a,
  author = {M.S. Carberry and H.M. Khalil and J.F. Leathrum and 
  	L.S. Levy},
  title = {Foundations of Computer Science},
  publisher = {Computer Science Press, Inc.},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Potomac, Maryland},
  ISBN = {0-914894-18-8},
  contentnote = {TC:
      1. Computer Science: Scientific and Historical Perspectives
      2. Problem Solving on Computers
      3. Programming Methodology
      4. Computer Systems -- An Overview
      5. Semiotics: Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics 
      6. Control Structures
      7. Data Structures
      8. Numerical Applications
      9. Nonnumerical Applications
     10. Social Issues in Computing
     11. Artificial Intelligence
     12. Computer Software
     13. Interactive Computation
     14. Mathematical Models of Machines
     15. Programming a Pocket Calculator } ,
  topic = {cs-intro;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ carberry_s:1985a,
  author = {Sandra Carberry},
  title = {A Pragmatics Based Approach to Understanding Intersentential
  	Ellipsis},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Association
  	for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  pages = {188--197},
  year = {1985},
  topic = {pragmatics;ellipsis;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ carberry_s:1986a,
  author = {Sandra Carberry},
  title = {{TRACK:} Toward a Robust Natural Language Interface},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Canadian Conference on
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Montreal, Canada},
  pages = {84--88},
  year = {1986},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-interfaces;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ carberry_s:1986b,
  author = {Sandra Carberry},
  title = {User Models: The Problem of Disparity},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on
  	Computational Linguistics},
  pages = {29--34},
  address = {Bonn, West Germany},
  year = {1986},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;user-modeling;}  
 } 

@techreport{ carberry_s:1989a,
  author = {Sandra Carberry},
  title = {A New Look at Plan Recognition in Natural Language Dialogue},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Delaware},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  year = {1989},
  number = {90--08},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;plan-recognition;}  
 } 

@article{ carberry_s:1989b,
  author = {Sandra Carberry},
  title = {A Pragmatics-Based Approach to Ellipsis Resolution},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {75--96},
  year = {1989},
  topic = {pragmatics;ellipsis;}  
 } 

@incollection{ carberry_s:1989c,
  author = {Sandra Carberry},
  title = {Plan Recognition and Its Use in
		Understanding Dialog},
  booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {133--162},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {user-modeling;plan-recognition;discourse-interpretation;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ carberry_s:1990a,
  author = {Sandra Carberry},
  title = {Incorporating Default Inferences Into Plan Recognition},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  pages = {472--479},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {plan-recognition;pragmatics;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ carberry_s:1990b,
  author = {Sandra Carberry},
  title = {A Model of Plan Recognition that Facilitates Default Inferences},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Workshop
  	on User Modeling},
  address = {Honolulu, Hawaii},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {plan-recognition;nonmonotonic-reasoning;nm-ling;}  
 } 

@book{ carberry_s:1990c,
  author = {Sandra Carberry},
  title = {Plan Recognition in Natural Language Dialogue},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {plan-recognition;discourse;nl-interpretation;
  	pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ carberry_s-lambert:1999a,
  author = {Sandra Carberry and Lynn Lambert},
  title = {A Process Model for Recognizing Communicative
  	Acts and Modeling Negotiation Subdialogues},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--53},
  topic = {discourse-modeling;speech-act-recognition;
  	negotiation-subdialogs;computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@article{ carbonell:1980a,
  author = {Jaime Carbonell},
  title = {Default Reasoning and Inheritance Mechanisms of Type Hierarchies},
  journal = {Communications of the {ACM}},
  pages = {107--109},
  year = {1980},
  missinginfo = {volume, number  Check this reference.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ carbonell:1980b,
  author = {Jaime G. Carbonell},
  title = {Towards a Process Model of Human Personality Traits},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {49--74},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A goal-based analysis of human personality traits is presented
     with the objective of developing a comprehensive simulation
     model. It is shown that understanding trait attributions is an
     integral part of story comprehension and therefore much of
     natural language processing. The model of personality traits is
     derived from the goal trees in the POLITICS system, the notion
     of social prototypes, and planning/counterplanning strategies.
     It is argued that the goal-expectation setting, created from an
     analysis of personality traits attributed to actors in a story,
     establishes a best-first evaluation criterion that makes more
     tractable the search problem inherent in story understanding.
  } ,
  topic = {personality-simulation;}  
  } 

@article{ carbonell:1981a,
  author = {Jaime G. Carbonell},
  title = {Counterplanning: A Strategy-Based Model of Adversary
  	Planning in Real-World Situations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  pages = {295--329},
  topic = {strategic-planning;}  
  } 

@techreport{ carbonell:1981b,
  author = {Jaime G. Carbonell},
  title = {Metaphor Comprehension},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon
  	University},
  number = {CMU--CS--81--115},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Pittsburgh},
  topic = {metaphor;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ carbonell:1983a,
  author = {Jaime Carbonell},
  title = {Derivational Analogy in Problem Solving and Knowledge
  	Acquisition},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Machine Learning
  	Workshop},
  year = {83},
  pages = {12--18},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address},
  topic = {analogy;analogical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ carbonell:1983b,
  author = {Jaime Carbonell},
  title = {Learning by Analogy.  Formulating and Generalizing
  	Plans from Past Experience},
  booktitle = {Machine Learning, a Artificial Intelligence Approach},
  publisher = {Tioga Press},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {R. Michalski and J. Carbonell and T. Mitchell},
  address = {Palo Alto, California},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {analogy;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@techreport{ carbonell-minton:1983a,
  author = {Jaime G. Carbonell and Steven Minton},
  title = {Metaphor and Common-Sense Reasoning},
  institution = {Carnegie-Mellon University},
  number = {CMU--CS--83--110},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Pittsburgh},
  topic = {metaphor;common-sense-reasoning;} 
  } 

@article{ carbonell:1989a,
  author = {Jaime G. Carbonell},
  title = {Introduction: Paradigms for Machine Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {40},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {1--9},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ carbonell:1989b,
  editor = {Jaime G. Carbonell},
  title = {Machine Learning: Paradigms and Methods},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
 } 

@book{ card-etal:1983a,
  author = {Stuart K. Card and Thomas P. Moran and Allen Newell},
  title = {The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0898592437},
  topic = {HCI;cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ carden:1970a,
  author = {Guy Carden},
  title = {A Note on Confliction Idiolects},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {281--290},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;empirical-methods-in-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ carden-dieterich:1976a,
  author = {Guy Carden and Thomas G. Dieterich},
  title = {Coreference Evidence for a Transformationalist Analysis
  	of Nominals},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1976},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;nominalization;}  
 } 

@incollection{ cardie:1996a,
  author = {Claire Cardie},
  title = {Automating Feature Set Selection for Case-Based
			Learning of Linguistic Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {113--126},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ cardie-weischedel:1997a,
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  title = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Adwait Ratnaparkhi, "A Linear Observed Time Statistical Parser
	      Based on Maximal Entropy Models"
     2. Joshua Goodman, "Global Thresholding and Multiple-Pass
	      Parsing"
     3. Carolyn Penstein Ros\'e and Alon Lavie, "An Efficient
              Distribution of Labor in a Two Stage Robust
              Interpretation Process"
     4. Doug Beeferman and Adam Berger and John Lafferty, "Text
              Segmentation Using Exponential Models"
     5. Korin Richmond and Andrew Smith and Einat Amitay, "Detecting
              Subject Boundaries within Text: A Language Independent
              Statistical Approach"
     6. Ido Dagan and Yale Kerov and Dan Roth, "Mistake-Driven
              Learning in Text Categorization"
     7. Thorstein Brants and Wojciech Skut and Brigitte Krenn,
             "Tagging Grammatical Functions"
     8. Jo Calder, "On Aligning Trees"
     9. Lawrence Saul and Fernando Pereira, "Aggregate and Mixed-Order
             {M}arkov Models for Statistical Language Processing"
    10. Erika F. de Lima, "Assigning Grammatical Relations with a
             Back-Off Model"
    11. I. Dan Melamed, "Automatic Discovery of Non-Compositional
             Compounds in Parallel Data"
    12. Scott W. Bennett and Chinatsu Aone and Craig Lovell, "
             Learning to Tag Multilingual Texts through Observation"
    14. Ellen Riloff and Jessica Shepherd, "A Corpus-Based Approach
	     for Building Semantic Lexicons"
    15. Roberto Basili and Gianluca de Rossi and Maria Teresa
             Pazienza, "Inducing Terminology for Lexical Acquisition"
    16. Paul Thompson and Christopher C. Dozier, "Name Searching
             and Information Retrieval"
    17. K.L. Kwock, "Lexicon Effects on {C}hinese Information
	     Retrieval"
    18. Paola Merlo and Matthew W. Crocker and Cathy Berthouzoz,
             "Attaching Multiple Prepositional Phrases: Generalized
             Back-Off Estimation"
    19. Eric V. Siegel, "Learning Methods for Combining Linguistic
             Indicators to Classify Verbs"
    20. Andrew Kehler, "Probabilistic Coreference in Information
             Extraction"
    21. Janyce Wiebe and Tom O'Hara and Kenneth McKeever and
             Thorsten \"Ohrstr\"m-Sandgren, "An Empirical Approach
             to Temporal Reference Resolution"
    22. Ji Donghong and Huang Changning, "Word Sense Disambiguation
             Based on Structured Semantic Space"
    23. Ted Pedersen and Rebecca Bruce, "Distinguishing Word Senses
             in Untagged Text"
    24. Hwee Tou Ng, "Exemplar-Based Word Sense Disambiguation: Some
             Recent Improvements"
    } ,
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;}  
 } 

@article{ cardie:1998a,
  author = {Claire Cardie},
  title = {Empirical Methods in Information Extraction},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {65--79},
  topic = {machine-learning;intelligent-information-retrieval;
		computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cardie-pierce:1998a,
  author = {Claire Cardie and David Pierce},
  title = {Error-Driven Pruning of Treebank Grammars for Base Noun
  	Phrase Identification},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {218--224},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {corpus-tagging;text-skimming;}  
} 

@book{ cardie-etal:2000a,
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  title = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Dan Roth, "Learning in Natural Language: Theory and
     	     Algorithmic Approaches", pp. 1--6
     2. Nicola Cancedda and Christer Samuelson, "Corpus-Based
     	     Grammar Specialization", pp. 7--12
     3. R.I. Damper and Y. Marchand, "Pronunciation by Analogy in
     	     Normal and Impaired Readers", pp. 13--18
     4. Guy de Pauw and Walter Daelemans, "The Role of Algorithm
             Bias vs. Information Source in Learning Algorithms
	     for Morphosyntactic Disambiguation", pp. 19--24
     5. John Elliott and Eric Antwell and Bill Whyte, "Increasing
     	     our Ignorance of Language: Identifying Language
	     Structure in an Unknown `Signal'\,", pp. 25--30
     6. Gerard Escudero and LLu\'is M\`arquez and German Rigau, "A
     	     Comparison between Supervised Learning Algorithms
	     for Word Sense Disambiguation", pp. 31--36
     7. George Foster, "Incorporating Position Information into a
     	     Maximum Entropy/Minimum Divergence Translation
	     Model", pp. 37--42
     8. Guido Minnen and Francis Bond and Ann Copestake, "Memory-Based
     	    Learning for Article Generation", pp. 43--48
     9. Tony Mullen and Miles Osborne, "Overfitting Avoidance for
	    Stochastic Modeling of Attribute-Value Grammars", pp. 49--54
    10. Stephen Raaijmakers, "Learning Distributed Linguistic
            Classes", pp. 55--60
    11. William Gregory Sakas, "Modeling the Effect of Cross-Language
    	    Ambiguity on Human Syntax Acquisition", pp. 61--66
    12. Patrick Schone and Daniel Jurafsky, "Knowledge-Free Induction
            of Morphology Using Latent Semantic Analysis", pp. 67--72
    13. Antal van den Bosch, "Using Induced Rules as Complex Features
            in Memory-Based Language Learning", pp. 73--78
    14. F. Amaya and J.M. Bened\'i, "Using Perfect Sampling in Parameter
            Estimation of a Whole Sentence Maximum Entropy Language
	    Model", pp. 79--82
    15. Konstantin Biatov, "Experiments on Unsupervised Learning for
            Extracting Relevant Fragments from Spoken Dialog
            Corpus", pp. 83--86
    16. Laurent Blin and Laurent Miclet, "Generating Synthetic Speech
            Prosody with Lazy Learning in Tree Structures", pp. 87--90
    17. Alexander Clark, "Inducing Syntactic Categories by Context
            Distribution Clustering", pp. 91--94
    18. Herv\'e D\'ejean, "{ALLiS}: A Symbolic Learning System for
            Natural Language Learning", pp. 95--98
    19. Jos\'e M. G\'omez Hidalgo and Enrique Puertas Sanz, "Combining
    	    Text and Heuristics for Cost-Sensitive Spam
            Filtering", pp. 99--102
    20. Anne Kool and Walter Daelemans and Jakub Zavrel, "Genetic
            Algorithms for Feature Relevance Assignment in Memory-Based
	    Language Processing", pp. 103--106
    21. Vasin Punyakanok and Dan Roth, "Shallow Parsing by Inferencing
    	    with Classifiers", pp. 107--110
    22. Patrick Ruch and Robert Baud and Pierette Bouillon and Gilbert
    	    Robert, "Minimal Commitment and Full Lexical Disambiguation:
	    Balancing Rules and Hidden {M}arkov Models", pp. 111--114
    23. J. Turmo and H. Rodr\'iguez, "Learning {IE} Rules for a Set
    	    of Related Concepts", pp. 115--118
    24. Hans van Halterin, "A Default First Order Family Weight
    	    Determination Procedure for {WPDV} Models", pp. 119--122
    25. Jose Luis Verd\'u-Mas and Jorge Calera-Rubio and Rafael
            C. Carrasco, "A Comparison of {PCFG} Models", pp. 123--125
    26. Erik Tjong Kim Sang and Sabine Buchholz, "Introduction to
            the {CoNLL-200} Shared Task: Chunking", pp. 127--132
    27. Herv\'e D\'ejean, "Learning Syntactic Structures with
    	    {XML}", pp. 133--135
    28. Christer Johansson, "A Context Sensitive Maximum Likelihood
    	    Approach to Chunking", 136--138
    29. Rob Koeling, "Chunking with Maximum Entropy Models", pp. 139--141
    30. Taku Kodeh and Yuji Matsumoto, "Use of Support Vector
    	    Learning for Chunk Identification", pp. 142--144
    31. Miles Osborne, "Shallow Parsing as Part-of-Speech
    	    Tagging", pp. 145--147
    32. Ferran Pla and Antonio Molina and Natividad Prieto, "Improving
            Chunking by Means of Lexical-Contextual Information in
	    Statistical Language Models", pp. 148--150
    33. Erik Tjong Kim Sang, "Text Chunking by System
    	    Combination", pp. 151--153
    34. Hans van Halterin, "Chunking with {WPDV} Models", pp. 154--156
    35. Jorn Veenstra and Antel van den Bosch, "Single-Classifier
            Memory-Based Phrase Chunking", pp. 157--159
    36. Marc Vilain and David Day, "Phrase Parsing with Rule Sequence
            Processors: An Application to the Shared {CoNLL} 
            Task", pp. 160--162
    37. GuoDong Zhou and Jian Su and TongGuan Tey, "Hybrid Text
    	    Chunking", pp. 163--165
    38. J\"org-Uwe Kietz and Raphael Volz and Alexander
            Maedche, "Extracting a Domain-Specific Ontology from
	    a Corporate Intranet", pp. 167--175
    39. Pieter Adriaans and Erik de Haas, "Learning from a
    	    Substructural Perspective", pp. 176--183
    40. James Cussens and Stephen Pulman, "Incorporating Linguistics
    	    Constraints into Inductive Logic Programming", pp. 184--193
    41. F. Esposito and S. Ferelli and N. Fanizzi and G.
    	    Semeraro, "Learning from Parsed Sentences with
	    {INTHELEX}", pp. 194--198
    42. Pascale S\'ebillot and Pierette Bouillon and C\'ecile
    	    Fabre, "Inductive Logic Programming for Corpus-Based
            Acquisition of Semantic Lexicons", pp. 199--208
    43. Aline Villavicencio, "The Acquisition of Word Order by a
    	    Computational Learning System", pp. 209--218
    44. Eva \v{Z}a\v{c}kov\'a and Lobo\v{s} Popelinsk\'y and Milo\v{s} 
            Nepil, "Recognition and Tagging of Compound Verb Groups in
	    {C}zech", pp. 219--225
 } ,
  topic = {language-learning;grammar-learning;machine-language-learning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ cardona-etal:1991a,
  author = {L. Cardona and J. Kohlas and P.A. Monney},
  title = {The Reliability of Reasoning with Unreliable Rules
  	and Propositions},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {125--129},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {Dempster-Shafer-theory;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@book{ care-landesman:1968a,
  editor = {Norman S. Care and Charles Landesman},
  title = {Readings in the Theory of Action},
  publisher = {Indiana University Press},
  year = {1968},
  address = {Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ carenini-moore_jd:1998a,
  author = {Giuseppe Carenini and Johanna D. Moore},
  title = {Multimedia Explanations in {IDEA} Decision Support System},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Interactive and Mixed-Initiative Decision Theoretic Systems},
  year = {1998},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  editor = {Peter Haddawy and Steve Hanks},
  pages = {16--22},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {preference-modeling;explanation;mixed-initiative-systems;}  
 } 

@book{ carey_jm:1995a,
  editor = {Jane M. Carey},
  title = {Human Factors In Information Systems: Emerging Theoretical
  		Bases},
  publisher = {Ablex Pub. Corp.},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0893919403 (cl)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ carey_s:1985a,
  author = {Susan Carey},
  title = {Conceptual Change in Childhood},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262031108},
  topic = {developmental-psychology;concept-formation;}  
 } 

@book{ carey_s-gelman:1991a,
  editor = {Susan Carey and Rochel Gelman},
  title = {The Epigenesis of Mind: Essays on Biology and Cognition},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0805804382},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. C.R. Gallistel, Ann L. Brown, Susan Carey, Rochel Gelman, and
     		Frank C. Keil, "Biological contributions to
		cognition--Lessons from animal learning for the study
		of cognitive development"
     2. Peter Marler, "The instinct to learn"
     3. Adele Diamond, "Neuropsychological insights into the meaning
     		of object concept development"
     4. Elissa L.  Newport, "Contrasting concepts of the critical
     		period for language"
     5. Elizabeth S. Spelke, "Innate knowledge and beyond. Physical
     		knowledge in infancy: reflections on Piaget's
		theory"
     6.  Annette Karmiloff-Smith, "Beyond modularity : innate
     		constraints and developmental change"
     7. Kurt W. Fischer and Thomas Bidell, "Constraining nativist
     		inferences about cognitive capacities"
     8. Frank C. Keil, "The emergence of theoretical beliefs as
     		constraints on concepts"
     9. Susan Carey, "Knowledge acquisition : enrichment or
     		conceptual change?"
    10. Rochel Gelman., "Epigenetic foundations of knowledge
    		structures : initial and transcendent constructions"
  } ,
  topic = {developmental-psychology;biopsychology;}  
 } 

@article{ cargile:1967a,
  author = {James Cargile},
  title = {The Surprise Test Paradox},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {64},
  number = {21},
  pages = {550--563},
  topic = {surprise-examination-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ cargile:1969a1,
  author = {James Cargile},
  title = {The Sorites Paradox},
  journal = {British Journal for the Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {193--202},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: cargile:1969a1.},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cargile:1969a2,
  author = {James Cargile},
  title = {The Sorites Paradox},
  booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {89--98},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of cargile:1969a1.},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@incollection{ carl_m:1998a,
  author = {Michael Carl},
  title = {A Constructivist Approach to Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {247--256},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-translation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ carl_m-schmidtwigger:1998a,
  author = {Michael Carl and Antje Schmidt-Wigger},
  title = {Shallow Post Morphological Processing with {KURD}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {257--265},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-morphology;}  
  } 

@book{ carl_w:1994a,
  author = {Wolfgang Carl},
  title = {Frege's Theory of Sense and Reference: Its Origin and
  	Scope},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {Frege;intensionality;}  
 } 

@article{ carleton:1984a,
  author = {Lawrence R. Carleton},
  title = {Programs, Language Understanding, and {S}earle},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {59},
  number = {2},
  pages = {219--230},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;foundations-of-cognition;}  
  } 

@article{ carletta:1996a,
  author = {Jean Carletta},
  title = {Assessing Agreement on Classification Tasks: The Kappa
  	Statistic},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {249--255},
  topic = {corpus-tagging;}  
  } 

@article{ carletta-etal:1997a,
  author = {Jean Carletta and Amy Isard and Stephen Isard and
  	Jacqueline C. Kowtko and Gwynewth Doherty-Sneddon and Anne H.
	Anderson},
  title = {The Reliability of a Dialogue Structure Coding Scheme},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13--31},
  topic = {discourse-structure;corpus-tagging;corpus-linguistics;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ carletta-isard:1999a,
  author = {Jean Carletta and Amy Isard},
  title = {The {MATE} Annotation Workbench: User Requirements},
  booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging:
  	Proceedings of the Workshop},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {11--17},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-tagging;computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@book{ carlson_e:1995a,
  author = {Erik Carlson},
  title = {Consequentialism Reconsidered},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  series = {Theory and Decision Library, Series A:
              Philosophy and Methodology of the Social
              Sciences},
  volume = {20},
  topic = {consequentialism;ethics;}  
    } 

@article{ carlson_gn:1977a,
  author = {Greg N. Carlson},
  title = {A Unified Analysis of the {E}nglish Bare Plural},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {413--456},
  topic = {generics;i-level/s-level;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ carlson_gn:1977b,
  author = {Gregory N. Carlson},
  title = {Reference to Kinds in {E}nglish},
  school = {Linguistics Department, University of Massachusetts},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Book publication: carlson_gn:1980a.},
  topic = {generics;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ carlson_gn:1979a,
  author = {Greg N. Carlson},
  title = {Generics and Atemporal {\em When}},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49--98},
  topic = {nl-semantics;generics;conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ carlson_gn:1980a,
  author = {Greg N. Carlson},
  title = {Reference to Kinds in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Garland Publishing Company},
  year = {1980},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Ph.{D}. thesis: carlson_gn:1977b.},
  topic = {generics;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ carlson_gn:1982a,
  author = {Greg N. Carlson},
  title = {Generic Terms and Generic Sentences},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {145--182},
  topic = {generics;}  
 } 

@article{ carlson_gn:1983a,
  author = {Greg N. Carlson},
  title = {Logical Form: Types of Evidence},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {295--317},
  topic = {logical-form;foundations-of-semantics;
  	linguistics-methodology;}  
  } 

@article{ carlson_gn:1984a,
  author = {Greg N. Carlson},
  title = {On the Role of Thematic Roles in Linguistic Theory},
  journal = {Linguistics},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {259--279},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {thematic-roles;}  
  } 

@article{ carlson_gn:1984b,
  author = {Greg N. Carlson},
  title = {Thematic Roles and Their Role in Semantic Interpretation},
  journal = {Linguistics},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {22},
  missinginfo = {number, pages, date?  Cld be 85},
  topic = {nl-semantics;thematic-roles;}  
  } 

@article{ carlson_gn:1985a,
   author = {Greg N. Carlson},
   title = {Review of {\it Semantics and Cognition}, by {R}ay
   	{J}ackendoff},
   journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
   year = {1985},
   volume = {8},
   number = {4},
   pages = {505--519},
   xref = {Review of jackendoff:1983a.},
   topic = {cognitive-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ carlson_gn:1987a,
  author = {Greg N. Carlson},
  title = {Same and Different: Some Consequences for Syntax and
  	Semantics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {531--565},
  topic = {events;nl-semantics;sameness/difference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ carlson_gn:1988a,
  author = {Greg N. Carlson},
  title = {On the Semantic Composition of {E}nglish Generic Sentences},
  booktitle = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vol. 2},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  pages = {167--193},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;generics;}  
  } 

@article{ carlson_gn:1991a,
  author = {Greg N. Carlson},
  title = {Review of {\it Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to
  	Semantics}, by {G}ennaro {C}hierchia and {S}ally
	{M}c{C}onnell-{G}inet},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {67},
  number = {4},
  pages = {805--813},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ carlson_gn:1995b,
  author = {Gregory N. Carlson},
  title = {Truth Conditions of Generic Sentences: Two Contrasting
		Views},
  booktitle = {The Generic Book},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  pages = {224--237},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  topic = {generics;}  
  } 

@book{ carlson_gn-pelletier:1995a,
  editor = {Greg N. Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  title = {The Generic Book},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1.  Manfred Krifka and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier and Gregory
		N. Carlson and Alice ter Meulen and Gennaro Chierchia
		and Godehard Link, "Genericity: An
		Introduction", pp.  1--124
	2.  Angelika Kratzer, "Stage-Level and Individual-Level
		Predicates", pp. 125--175
	3.  Gennaro Chierchia, "Individual-Level Predicates as Inherent
		Generics", pp.176--223
	4.  Gregorn N. Carlson, "Truth Conditions of Generic
		Sentences: Two Contrasting Views", pp. 224--237
	5.  Manfred Krifka, "Focus and the Interpretation of Generic
		Sentences", pp.238--264
	6.  Mats Rooth, "Indefinites, Adverbs of Quantification, and Focus
		Semantics", pp. 265--299
	7.  Nicholas Asher and Michael Morreau, "What Some Generic
		Sentences Mean", pp. 300--338
	8.  Alice ter Meulen, "Semantic Constraints on Type-Shifting
		Anaphora", pp. 339--357
	9.  Godehard Link, "Generic Information and Dependent
		Generics", pp. 358--397
	10. Karina Wilkinson, "The Semantics of the Common Noun
		`Kind'\,", pp. 383--397
	11. Manfred Krifka, "Common Nouns: A Contrastive Analysis of
		{E}nglish and {C}hinese", pp. 398--411
	12. \"Osten Dahl, "The Marking of the Episodic/Generic Distinction in
		Tense-Aspect Systems", pp. 412--425
   } ,
  topic = {generics;}  
 } 

@article{ carlson_gn-spejewski:1997a,
  author = {Greg N. Carlson and Beverly Spejewski},
  title = {Generic Passages},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {101--165},
  topic = {generics;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ carlson_l-termeulen:1979a,
  author = {Lauri Carlson and Alice ter Meulen},
  title = {Informational Independence in Intensional Context},
  booktitle = {Essays in Honor of {J}aakko {H}intikka},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Esa Saarinen and Risto Hilpinen and Ilkka Niiniluoto and
  	Merrill Province Hintikka},
  pages = {61--72},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {branching-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ carlson_l:1994a,
  author = {Lauri Carlson},
  title = {Plural Quantifiers and Informational Independence},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {163--174},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {plural;}  
  } 

@article{ carlsson-vandamme:1993a,
  author = {H. Carlsson and E. {van Damme}},
  title = {Global Games and Equilibrium Selection},
  journal = {Econometrica},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {61},
  pages = {989--1018},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {game-theory;mutual-belief;Nash-equilibria;}  
  } 

@article{ carlstrom:1975a,
  author = {Ian F. Carlstrom},
  title = {Truth and Entailment for a Vague Quantifier},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {461--495},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ carlstrom:1990a,
  author = {Ian F. Carlstrom},
  title = {A Truth-Functional Logic for Near-Universal Generalizations},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {4},
  pages = {379--405},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;exception-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ carlstron-hill_c:1978a,
  author = {Ian F. Carlstrom and Christopher S. Hill},
  title = {Review of {\em The Logic of Conditionals}, by {E}rnest
		{S}osa},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1},
  pages = {155--158},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ carmel-markovich:1996a,
  author = {David Carmel and Shaul Markovich},
  title = {Learning Models of Intelligent Agents},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {62--67},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address =  {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {machine-learning;finite-automata;}  
  } 

@article{ carmel-markovich:1998a,
  author = {David Carmel and Shaul Markovich},
  title = {Pruning Algorithms for Multi-Modal Adversary
  	Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {99},
  number = {2},
  pages = {325--355},
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@article{ carmo-jones:1996a,
  author = {Jos\'e Carmo and Andrew J.I. Jones},
  title = {Deontic Database Constraints, Violation and Recovery},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {57},
  number = {1},
  pages = {139--165},
  topic = {deontic-logic;data-base-integrity;}  
  } 

@book{ carnap:1928a,
  author = {Rudolph Carnap},
  title = {{D}er {l}ogische {A}ufbau {d}er {W}elt},
  publisher = {Weltkreis-Verlag},
  year = {1928},
  address = {Berlin-Schlactensee},
  topic = {phenomenalism;}  
 } 

@article{ carnap:1937a,
  author = {Rudolph Carnap},
  title = {Testability and Meaning},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1936--1937},
  volume = {3 and 4},
  pages = {419--471 and 1--40},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {dispositions;}  
  } 

@book{ carnap:1950a,
 author = {Rudolph Carnap},
 title = {Logical Foundations of Probability},
 publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
 year = {1950},
 address = {Chicago},
 topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
 } 

@article{ carnap:1950b,
  author = {Rudolph Carnap},
  title = {Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology},
  journal = {Revue Internationale de Philosophie},
  year = {1950},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {20--40},
  topic = {logical-positivism;philosophical-ontology;
  	foundations-of-semantics;metaphilosophy;} 
  } 

@article{ carnap:1955a,
  author = {Rudolph Carnap},
  title = {Meaning and Synonymy in Natural Languages},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1955},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {33--47},
  missinginfo = {number},
  note = {Reprinted in  \cite{carnap:1956a}, pp.~233--247.},
  topic = {intensionality;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ carnap:1955b,
  author = {Rudolph Carnap},
  title = {On Some Concepts of Pragmatics},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1955},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {89--91},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ carnap:1956a,
  author = {Rudolph Carnap},
  title = {Meaning and Necessity},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1956},
  address = {Chicago},
  edition = {2},
  note = {(First edition published in 1947.)},
  title = {The Aim of Inductive Logic},
  booktitle = {Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science},
  publisher = {Stanford University Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Patrick Suppes and and Alfred Tarski},
  pages = {303--318},
  address = {Stanford},
  topic = {foundations-of-induction;confirmation-theory;} 
  } 

@incollection{ carnap:1963a,
  author = {Rudolph Carnap},
  title = {My Philosophical Development},
  booktitle = {The Philosophy of Rudolph Carnap},
  publisher = {Open Court Publishing Company},
  year = {1963},
  editor = {Paul Schilpp},
  pages = {3--84},
  address = {LaSalle, Illinois},
  topic = {Carnap;logical-empiricism;}  
  } 

@book{ carnap-jeffrey:1971a,
  editor = {Rudolf Carnap and Richard C. Jeffrey},
  title = {Studies in Inductive Logic and Probability},
  publisher = {University of California Press},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Berkeley, California},
  topic = {induction;confirmation-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ carol:1996a,
  author = {Stuart K. Carol},
  title = {The Human, the Computer, the Task, and Their
  	Interaction---Analytic Models and Use-Centered Design},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {259--312},
  topic = {HCI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ caroll-briscoe:1996a,
  author = {John Carroll and Ted Briscoe},
  title = {Apportioning Development Effort in a
		Probabilistic {LR} Parsing System through
		Evaluation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {92--100},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {The algorithm described gets about 80% of
		sentences right in general text.},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;punctuation;clcourse;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ carpenter-pollard:1989a,
  author = {Bob Carpenter and Carl Pollard},
  title = {Solving Feature Structure Constraints},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University},
  topic = {feature-structures;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ carpenter-thomason_rh:1990a,
  author = {Bob Carpenter and Richmond Thomason},
  title = {Inheritance Theory and Path-Based Reasoning:
  	an Introduction},
  booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg N. Carlson},
  pages = {309--343},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ carpenter:1993a,
  author = {Bob Carpenter},
  title = {Skeptical and Credulous Default Unification with
  	Applications to Templates and Inheritance},
  booktitle = {Inheritance, defaults, and the lexicon},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ted Briscoe and Valeria de Paiva and Ann Copestake},
  pages = {13--37},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {default-unification;nml;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ carpenter:1993b,
  author = {Bob Carpenter},
  title = {Two-Level Finite State Morpho-Phonology:
  	A Rational Reconstruction of {KIMMO}},
  year = {1993},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department,
  	Carnegie Mellon University},
  topic = {finite-state-phonology;computational-morphology;
  	computational-phonology;}  
  } 

@book{ carpenter:1998a,
  author = {Bob Carpenter},
  title = {Type-Logical Semantics},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: pulman_s:1999a, pentus:1999a.},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ carr_c:2001a,
  author = {Catherine Carr},
  title = {Review of {\it The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive
  	Sciences,} edited by {R}obert {A}. {W}ilson and {F}rank {C}. {K}eil},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {130},
  number = {2},
  pages = {183--184},
  xref = {Review of: wilson_ra-keil:1999a.},
  topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;}  
  } 

@article{ carr_d:1979a,
  author = {David Carr},
  title = {The Logic of Knowing How and Ability},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {88},
  pages = {394--409},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {knowing-how;ability;}  
  } 

@book{ carr_d:1999a,
  author = {David Carr},
  title = {The Paradox of Subjectivity: The Self in the Transcendental
  	Tradition},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: blattner:2001a.},
  topic = {idealism;Kant;Husserl;Heidegger;} 
 } 

@incollection{ carrier-randall:1993a,
  author = {Jill Carrier and Janet Randall},
  title = {Lexical Mapping},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {II}, Lexical and Conceptual
  	Structure},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Werner Abraham},
  pages = {119--142},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;argument-structure;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ carroll:2001a,
  author = {John Carroll},
  title = {Review of {\it Robustness in Language and Speech Technology}, 
  	edited by {J}ean-{C}laude {J}unqua and {G}ertjan van {N}oord},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {4},
  pages = {596--597},
  topic = {nlp-technology;} 
  } 

@book{ carroll_jm-tanenhaus:1975a,
  author = {John M. Carroll and M.K. Tanenhaus},
  title = {Functional Clauses are the Primary Units of
		Sentence Segmentation},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;parsing-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ carroll_jm:1987a,
  editor = {John M. Carroll},
  title = {Interfacing Thought: Cognitive Aspects of Human-Computer
  	Interaction},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262031256},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ carroll_jm:1991a,
  editor = {John M. Carroll},
  title = {Designing Interaction: Psychology at the Human-Computer
  	Interface},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521400562},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ carroll_jw:1994a,
  author = {John W. Carroll},
  title = {Laws of Nature},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review; tooley:1997a.},
  topic = {causality;}  
 } 

@article{ carroll_jw:2001a,
  author = {John W. Carroll},
  title = {Review of {\em {Dispositions},} by {S}tephen {M}umford},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {1},
  pages = {82--84},
  xref = {Review of mumford:1998a.},
  topic = {dispositions;}  
  } 

@book{ carruthers:1996a,
  author = {Peter Carruthers},
  title = {Language Thought and Consciousness:
  	An Essay in Philosophical Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review of jarrett:1998a.},
  topic = {language-of-thought;foundations-of-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ carruthers-botherill:1999a,
  author = {Peter Carruthers and George Botherill},
  title = {The Philosophy of Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052155915-4 (Pbk)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-psychology;cogsci-intro;
  	foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
 } 

@article{ carston:1987a,
  author = {Robyn Carston},
  title = {Being Explicit},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {713--714},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {implicature;}  
  } 

@incollection{ carston:1988a,
  author = {Robyn Carston},
  title = {Implicature, Explicature, and Truth-Theoretic Semantics},
  booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and
  	Reality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Ruth Kempson},
  pages = {155--181},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-semantics;implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ carston:1991a,
  author = {Robyn Carston},
  title = {Implicature, Explicature, and Truth-Theoretic
  	Semantics},
  booktitle = {Pragmatics: A Reader},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Steven Davis},
  pages = {33--51},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {implicature;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ carston-uchida:1997a,
  editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida},
  title = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  contentnote = {TC:
		1.  Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber, "Pragmatics and Time"
		2.  Keiko Tanaka, "The {J}apanese Adverbial {\it yahiri} 
			or {\it yappari}"
		3.  Reiko Itani, A Relevance-Based Analysis of Hearsay
			Particles: With Special Reference to {J}apanese
			Sentence-Final Particle {\it ne}"
		4.  Kunihiko Imai, "Intonation and Relevance"
		5.  Nam Sun Song, "Metaphor and Metonymy"
		6.  Akiko Yoshimura, "Procedural Semantics and
			Metalinguistic Negation"
		7.  Tomoko Matsui, "Assessing a Scenario-Based Account
			of Bridging Reference Assignment"
		8.  Seiji Uchida, "Text and Relevance"
		9.  Robyn Carston, "Informativeness, Relevance, and
			Scalar Implicature"
		10.  Ken-Ichi Seto, "On Non-Echoic Irony"
		11.  Hideki Hamamoto, "Irony from a Cognitive Perspective"
		12.  Masa-Aki Yamanashi, "Some Issues in the Treatment of
			Irony and Other Topics"
		13.  Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson, "Irony and Relevance:
			A Reply to {S}an,
	},
  topic = {relevance-theory;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ carston:1998b,
  author = {Robyn Carston},
  title = {Informativeness, Relevance, and Scalar Implicature},
  booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida},
  pages = {179--236},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {relevance-theory;scalar-implicature;implicature;}  
  } 

@book{ carswell-rommetveit:1971a,
  editor = {E.A. Carswell Ragnar Rommetveit},
  title = {Social Contexts of Messages},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1971},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ carter_j-dechaine:1989a,
  editor = {J. Carter and R.-M. Dechaine},
  title = {{NELS 19}: Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference of the
  	{N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  publisher = {GLSA Publications},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications:
  	http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.},
  topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ carter_j-etal:1990a,
  editor = {J. Carter and R.-M. Dechaine and B. Philip and T. Sherer},
  title = {{NELS 20}: Proceedings of the Twentieth Conference of the
  	{N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  publisher = {GLSA Publications},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications:
  	http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.},
  topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ cartwright_h:1975a,
  author = {Helen Morris Cartwright},
  title = {Truth and Mass Terms},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {179--198},
  missinginfo = {number},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-semantics;mass-term-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ cartwright_hm:1984a,
  author = {Helen Morris Cartwright},
  title = {Parts and Partitives: Notes on What Things Are
  	Made of},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {58},
  number = {2},
  pages = {251--277},
  topic = {mass-term-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ cartwright_n:1979a,
  author = {Nancy Cartwright},
  title = {Causal Laws and Effective Strategies},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {419--437},
  topic = {causality;probability;} 
  } 

@book{ cartwright_n:1986a,
  author = {Nancy Cartwright},
  title = {How the Laws of Physics Lie},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;natural-laws;}  
 } 

@incollection{ cartwright_n:1986b,
  author = {Nancy Cartwright},
  title = {Fitting Facts to Equations},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {441--453},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {foundations-of-physics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cartwright_n:1995a,
  author = {Nancy Cartwright},
  title = {Causal Structures in Econometrics},
  booktitle = {On the Reliability of Economic Models},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Daniel Little},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {causality;philosophy-of-economics;}  
  } 

@article{ cartwright_n:1995b,
  author = {Nancy Cartwright},
  title = {Probabilities and Experiments},
  journal = {Journal of Econometrics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {47--59},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {probabilities;philosophy-of-economics;}  
  } 

@book{ cartwright_n:1999a,
  author = {Nancy Cartwright},
  title = {The Dappled World: A Study in the Boundaries of Science},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Reviews: winsberg-etal:2000a,giere:2000a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;natural-laws;}  
 } 

@incollection{ cartwright_r1:1962a,
  author = {Richard Cartwright},
  title = {Propositions},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series},
  publisher = {Barnes and Noble},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {81--103},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {propositions;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cartwright_r1:1979a,
  author = {Richard Cartwright},
  title = {Indiscernability Principles},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}:
  	Studies in Metaphysics},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {293--306},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {identity;modality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cartwright_r1:1987a,
  author = {Richard Cartwright},
  title = {On the Origins of {Russell's} Theory of Descriptions},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Essays},
  editor = {Richard Cartwright},
  pages = {95--133},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {Russell;definite-descriptions;}  
} 

@incollection{ cartwright_r2:1991a,
  author = {Robert Cartwright},
  title = {Lambda: The Ultimate Combinator},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {27--46},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {combinatory-logic;theory-of-programming-languages;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ carver-etal:1988a,
  author = {Norman F. Carver and Victor R. Lesser and Daniel L.
  	McCue},
  title = {Focusing in Plan Recognition},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {42--48},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {publisher, editor.},
  topic = {focus;plan-recognition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ casadio-lambek:2002a,
  author = {Claudio Casadio and Joachim Lambek},
  title = {A Tale of Four Grammars},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {71},
  number = {3},
  pages = {315--329},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;categorial-grammars;} 
  } 

@book{ casati-varzi:1996a,
  author = {Roberto Casati and Achille C. Varzi},
  title = {Holes and Other Superficialities},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262032112},
  xref = {Review: lewis_dk-lewis_s:1998a.},
  topic = {spatial-representation;philosophucal-ontology;mereology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ casati-varzi:1997a,
  author = {Roberto Casati and Achille C. Varzi},
  title = {Spatial Entities},
  booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Oliviero Stock},
  pages = {73--96},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {spatial-representation;computational-ontology;
  	mereology;}  
  } 

@book{ casati-varzi:1999a,
  author = {Roberto Casati and Achille C. Varzi},
  title = {Parts and Places: The Structures of Spatial Representation},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {026203266X (alk. paper)},
  xref = {Reviews: aiello:2000a, mason_f:2001a.},
  topic = {spatial-representation;philosophical-ontology;mereology;}  
 } 

@book{ cass-shell:1976a,
  author = {David Cass and Karl Shell},
  title = {The {H}amiltonian Approach To Dynamic Economics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {012163650X},
  topic = {mathematical-economics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ cassell-etal:1994a,
  author= {Justine Cassell and Catherine Pelachaud and Norm
  		Badler and Mark Steedman and Brett Achorn and Tripp
  		Becket and Brett Douville and Scott Prevost and
  		Matthew Stone},
  title = {Animated Conversation: Rule-based generation of
  		facial expression, gesture and spoken intonation for
  		multiple conversational agents},
  booktitle = {SIGGRAPH},
  year = {1994},
  topic = {animation;gestures;intonation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cassell-stone_mh:1999a,
  author = {Justine Cassell and Matthew Stone},
  title = {Living Hand to Mouth: Psychological Theories about Speech
			and Gesture in Interactive Dialogue Systems},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {34--42},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;multimodal-communication;gestures;}  
  } 

@article{ cassell:2000a,
  author = {Justine Cassell},
  title = {Embodied Conversational Interface Agents},
  journal = {Communications of the {ACM}},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {43},
  number = {4},
  pages = {70--78},
  topic = {embodiment;discourse;}  
  } 

@book{ cassell-etal:2000a,
  editor = {Justine Cassell and Joseph Sullivan and Scott Prevost
  	and Elizabeth Chirchill},
  title = {Embodied Conversational Agents},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-02378-3},
  topic = {embodiment;discourse;}  
 } 

@book{ cassirer:1955a,
  author = {Ernst Cassirer},
  title = {The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1955},
  volume = {1--3},
  address = {New Haven},
  note = {(These works were first published (in German) in 1923--29.)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@article{ casson:1988a,
  author = {Lionel Casson},
  title = {How and Why Punctuation Ever Came to be Invented},
  journal = {Smithsonian},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {1988},
  number = {7},
  pages = {216},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@article{ castaenda:1967a,
  author = {Hector-Neri Casta\~neda},
  title = {Indicators and Quasi-Indicators},
  journal = {American Philosohical Quarterly},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {indexicals;} 
  } 

@book{ castaenda:1982a,
  author = {Hector-Neri Casta\~neda},
  title = {Thinking and Doing: The Philosophical Foundations of
  	Institutions},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027706107},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;deontic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ castaing:1991a,
  author = {Jacqueline Castaing},
  title = {A New Formalisation of Subsumption in Frame-Based
  	Representation Systems},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {78--87},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;proof-theory;inheritance-theory;frames;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ castaneda-nakhnikian:1963a,
  editor = {Hector-Neri Casta\~neda and George Nakhnikian},
  title = {Morality and the Language of Conduct},
  publisher = {Wayne State University Press},
  year = {1963},
  address = {Detroit},
  topic = {ethics;analytic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ castaneda:1965a,
  author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~{n}eda},
  title = {Acts, the Logic of Obligation, and Deontic Calculi},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Wayne State University.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ castaneda:1965b,
  author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~{n}eda},
  title = {The Logic of Change, Action, and Norms},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {13},
  pages = {333--344},
  xref = {Critical study of: vonwright:1963a.},
  xref = {Commentary: sidorsky:1965a.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;action;}  
  } 

@article{ castaneda:1966a,
  author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~{n}eda},
  title = {\,`He': A Study in Self-Consciousness},
  journal = {Ratio},
  volume = {8},
  year = {1966},
  pages = {187--203},
  topic = {indexicals;knowing-who;}  
  } 

@book{ castaneda:1967a,
  editor = {Hector-Neri Casta\~neda},
  title = {Intentionality, Minds, and Perception; Discussions on Contemporary 
  	Philosophy, A Symposium},
  publisher = {Wayne State University Press},
  year = {1967},
  address = {Detroit},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;epistemology;analytic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@article{ castaneda:1967b,
  author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~{n}eda},
  title = {Ethics and Logic: {S}tevensonianism Revisited},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  volume = {64},
  year = {1967},
  topic = {ethics;emotivism;}  
  } 

@article{ castaneda:1968a,
  author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~{n}eda},
  title = {A Problem for Utilitarianism},
  journal = {Analysis},
  volume = {28},
  year = {1968},
  pages = {141--142},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
    } 

@article{ castaneda:1969a,
  author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~{n}eda},
  title = {Ought, Value, and Utilitarianism},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  volume = {8},
  year = {1969},
  missinginfo = {number, pages},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
    } 

@article{ castaneda:1970a,
  author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~{n}eda},
  title = {On Knowing (or Believing) that One Knows (or Believes)},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {187--203},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {indexicals;knowing-who;}  
  } 

@incollection{ castaneda:1970b,
  author = {Hector-Neri Casta\~neda},
  title = {The Twofold Structure and the Unity of Practical Thinking},
  booktitle = {The Nature of Human Action},
  publisher = {Scott, Foresman and Company},
  year = {1970},
  editor = {Myles Brand},
  pages = {105--130},
  address = {Glenview, California},
  topic = {deontic-logic;practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ castaneda:1972a,
  author = {Hector-Neri Casta\~neda},
  title = {On the Semantics of the Ought-to-Do},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {675--694},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ castaneda:1975a,
  editor = {Hector-Neri Casta\~neda},
  title = {Action, Knowledge, and Reality: Critical Studies in Honor
  	of {W}ilfrid {S}ellars},
  publisher = {Bobbs-Merrill},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Indianapolis},
  ISBN = {0672612135},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@article{ castaneda:1977a,
  author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~{n}eda},
  title = {Ought, Time, and Deontic Paradoxes},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  volume = {74},
  year = {1977},
  pages = {775--791},
  topic = {deontic-logic;temporal-logic;}  
    } 

@incollection{ castaneda:1978a,
  author = {Hector-Neri Casta\~neda},
  title = {On the Philosophical Foundations
     	of the Theory of Communication},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {125--146},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {nl-semantics;referential-opacity;intensionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ castaneda:1978b,
  author = {Hector-Neri Casta\~neda},
  title = {The Causal and Epistemic Roles
    	of Proper Names in Our Thinking of Particulars},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {151--158},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {reference;proper-names;metaphysics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ castaneda:1981a,
  author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~neda},
  title = {The Paradoxes of Deontic Logic: The Simplest Solution to
  	All of Them in One Fell Swoop},
  booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Risto Hilpinen},
  pages = {37--85},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {deontic-logic;prima-facie-obligation;Ross'-paradox;}  
  } 

@incollection{ castaneda:1984a,
  author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~neda},
  title = {Causes, Causity, and Energy},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {17--27},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@article{ castelfrianchi:1998a,
  author = {Cristiano Castelfrianchi},
  title = {Modeling Social Action for {AI} Agents},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {157--182},
  topic = {cooperation;distributed-systems;artificial-societies;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ castelfrianchi-falcone:1998a,
  author = {Cristiano Castelfrianchi and R. Falcone},
  title = {Principles of Trust for {MAS}: Cognitive
		Anatomy, Social Importance, and Quantification},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference
		on Multi-Agent Systems ({ICMAS}'98)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Y. Demazeau},
  pages = {72--79},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address = {Los Alamitos, CA},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name},
  topic = {cooperation;distributed-systems;artificial-societies;}  
  } 

@article{ castillo_e-etal:1997a,
  author = {Enrique Castillo and Cristina Solares and Patricia G\'omez},
  title = {Tail Uncertainty Analysis in Complex Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {96},
  number = {2},
  pages = {395--419},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The paper presents an efficient computational method for
     estimating the tails of a target variable Z which is related to
     other set of bounded variables
     $\stackrel{\ESM{\longrightarrow}}{X}=(X1,...,Xn)$ by an
     increasing (decreasing) relation $Z=h(X1,...,Xn)$.  To this aim,
     variables $Xi, i=1,...,n$ are sequentially simulated in such a
     manner that $Z=h(x1,...,xi-1,Xi,...,Xn)$ is guaranteed to be in
     the tail of $Z$.  The method is shown to be very useful to perform
     an uncertainty analysis of Bayesian networks, when very large
     confidence intervals for the marginal/conditional probabilities
     are required, as in reliability or risk analysis. The method is
     shown to behave best when all scores coincide and is illustrated
     with several examples, including two examples of application to
     real cases.  A comparison with the fast probability integration
     method, the best known method to date for solving this problem,
     shows that it gives better approximations.},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;uncertainty-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ castillo_m-etal:1999a,
  author = {M. Castillo and Olivier Gasquet and Andreas Herzig},
  title = {Formalizing Action and Change in Modal Logic {I}: The Frame
  	Problem},
  journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {9},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number, pages},
  topic = {frame-problem;action;formalisms;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ caston:1998a,
  author = {Victor Caston},
  title = {Epiphenomenalisms, Ancient and Modern},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {106},
  number = {3},
  pages = {309--363},
  topic = {epiphenomenalism;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ castro:1998a,
  author = {Carlos Castro},
  title = {{COLLETTE}, Prototyping {CSP} Problem Solvers
		Using a Rule-Based Language},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {107--119},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@article{ catford:1969a,
  author = {John Catford},
  title = {Learning a Language in the Field: Problems of Linguistic
  	Relativity},
  journal = {Modern Language Journal},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {53},
  number = {5},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {linguistic-relativity;field-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ caton:1971a,
  author = {Charles E. Caton},
  title = {Overview},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {3--13},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;} 
  } 

@incollection{ caton:1981a,
  author = {Charles E. Caton},
  title = {Stalnaker on Pragmatic Presupposition},
  booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {83--100},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ catton:1998a,
  author = {Philip Catton},
  title = {Problems with the Deductivist Image of Scientific
  	Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed
	Papers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {452--473},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {scientific-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ cauman-etal:1983a,
  editor = {Leigh S. Cauman, Isaac Levi, Charles Parsons and Robert
  	Schwartz},
  title = {How Many Questions? Essays in Honor of {S}idney
  	{M}orgenbesser},
  publisher = {Hackett},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Indianapolis},
  topic = {philosophy-general;}  
 } 

@book{ cauman:1998a,
  author = {Leigh S. Cauman},
  title = {First-Order Logic},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-intro;}  
 } 

@techreport{ causey:1990a,
  author = {Robert L. Causey},
  title = {{EVID}: A System for Interactive Defeasible Reasoning},
  institution = {Aritificial Intelligence Laboraroty, The University
  	of Texas at Austin},
  number = {A190--119},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Austin, Texas},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cavazza-zweigenbaum:1995a,
  author = {Marc Cavazza and Pierre Zweigenbaum},
  title = {Lexical Semantics: Dictionary or Encyclopedia?},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {336--347},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ cave:1983a,
  author = {J. Cave},
  title = {Learning to Agree},
  journal = {Economics Letters},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {147--152},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {agreeing-to-disagree;mutual-beliefs;mutual-agreement;}  
  } 

@article{ cavell:1958a,
  author = {Stanley Cavell},
  title = {Must We Mean What We Say?},
  journal = {Inquiry},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {152--212},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;JL-Austin;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cavell:1969a,
  author = {Stanley Cavell},
  title = {Austin at Criticism},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {59--75},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@book{ cavell:1979a,
  author = {Stanley Cavell},
  title = {The Claim of Reason},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-19-502571-7},
  topic = {skepticism;epistemology;}  
 } 

@book{ cavinesse-boyle:1990a,
  editor = {B.F. Cavinesse and F. Boyle},
  title = {Future Directions for Research in Symbolic
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Philadelphia},
  topic = {symbolic-computation;computer-assisted-science;}  
 } 

@incollection{ cawsey:1990a,
  author = {Alison Cawsey},
  title = {Generating Explanatory Discourse},
  booktitle = {Current Research in Natural Language Generation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Robert Dale and Chris Mellish and Michael Zock},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  topic = {explanation;discourse;discourse-planning;nl-generation;
  	pragmatics;}  
} 

@book{ cawsey:1992a,
  author = {Alison Cawsey},
  title = {Explanation and Interaction: The Computer Generation of
		  Explanatory Dialogues},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  year = {1992},
  ISBN = {0262032023},
  topic = {explanation;discourse;discourse-planning;nl-generation;
  	pragmatics;computational-dialogue;}  
 } 

@article{ cawsey:1993a,
  author = {Alison Cawsey},
  title = {Planning Interactive Explanations},
  journal = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  topic = {explanation;discourse;discourse-planning;nl-generation;
  	pragmatics;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ cayrol:1995a,
  author = {Claudette Cayrol},
  title = {On the Relation Between Argumentation and Non-Monotonic
  	Coherence-Based Entailment},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1443--1448},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;belief-revision;argument-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ cayrol-etal:2001a,
  author = {Michel Cayrol and Pierre R\'egnier and Vincent Vidal},
  title = {Least Commitment in Graphplan},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {130},
  number = {1},
  pages = {85--118},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;graph-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ centineo:1995a,
  author = {Giulia Centineo},
  title = {The Distribution of {\em si} in {I}talian
		Transitive/Inchoative Pairs},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {54--71},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;argument-structure;Italian-language;
		reflexive-constructions;}  
  } 

@book{ cercone:1987a,
  editor = {Nick Cercone and Gordon McCalla},
  title = {The Knowledge Frontier},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ cercone-etal:1992a,
  author = {Nick Cercone and Randy Goebel and John de Haan and
  	Stephanie Schaeffer},
  title = {The {ECO} Family},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {95--131},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {ECO is another way of translating logic into graph-based
  	notation, with extensions to handle features of NL not
	commonly dealt with in FOL.  Quantifiers, descriptions, time,
	adverbs, intensional constructions.  The description of the
	associated reasoning procedures is pretty vague.  Apparently
	there is a general theorem prover and there are various
	specialized reasoners.  Len Schubert seems to have played a
	role in it early on; it looks as if he has dropped out.
  } ,
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ cerf:1966a1,
  author = {Walter Cerf},
  title = {Critical Notice of {\it How to Do Things With Words}},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {66},
  pages = {262--285},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Reprinted in fann:1969a; see cerf:1966a2},
  topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cerf:1966a2,
  author = {Walter Cerf},
  title = {Critical Review of {\it How to Do Things With Words}, by
  	{J}ohn {L}. {A}ustin},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {351--379},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  xref = {Reprinted; see cerf:1966a1},
  topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cervesato-etal:1998a,
  author = {Iliano Cervesato and Massimo Franceschet and Angelo
		Montanari},
  title = {The Complexity of Model Checking in Modal Event Calculi
		with Quantifiers},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {368--379},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;event-calculus;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cettolo-etal:1998a,
  author = {Mauro Cettolo and Roberto Gretter and Renato de
       		Mori},
  title = {Knowledge Integration},
  booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Renato de Mori},
  pages = {231--256},
  address = {New York},
  contentnote = {I.e., integrating speech with lexical models.},
  topic = {speech-recognition;acoustic-modeling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cettolo-etal:1998b,
  author = {Mauro Cettolo and Roberto Gretter and Renato de
       		Mori},
  title = {Search and Generation of Word Hypotheses},
  booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Renato de Mori},
  pages = {257--309},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {speech-recognition;word-hypotheses;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chafe:1976a,
  author = {Wallace Chafe},
  title = {Givenness, Contrastiveness, Definiteness, Subjects, Topics, and
  	Points of View},
  booktitle = {Subject and Topic},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {C.N. Li},
  pages = {25--55},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name},
  topic = {s-topic;d-topic;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ chafe:1988a,
  author = {Wallace Chafe},
  title = {Punctuation and the Prosody of Written Language},
  journal = {Written Communication},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {395--426},
  year = {1988},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@book{ chagov-zakharyaschev:1997a,
  author = {Alexander Chagov and Michael Zakharyaschev},
  title = {Modal Logic},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  xref = {Reviews: goranko:1999a, venema:2000a.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ chagrov-zakharyaschev:1996a,
  author = {Akexander Chagrov and Michael Zakharyaschev},
  title = {Modal Logic},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ chagrova:1998a,
  author = {Lilia Chagrova},
  title = {On the Degree of Neighborhood Incompleteness
     		of Normal Modal Logics},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {63--72},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chai_jy-bierman:1997a,
  author = {Joyce Yue Chai and Alan W. Bierman},
  title = {The Use of Lexical Semantics in Information Extraction},
  booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of
  	Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari
  	and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks},
  pages = {61--70},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;information-retrieval;}  
  } 

@book{ chai_l:1998a,
  author = {Leon Chai},
  title = {Jonathan {E}dwards and the Limits of Enlightenment
  	Philosophy},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {Jonathan_Edwards;}  
 } 

@book{ chaitin:1987a,
  author = {Gregory J. Chaitin},
  title = {Algorithmic Information Theory},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge},
  year = {1987},
  ISBN = {0521343062},
  topic = {algorithmic-complexity;}  
 } 

@incollection{ chaitin:1988a,
  author = {Gregory J. Chaitin},
  title = {An Algebraic Equation for the Halting
       		Probability},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {279--283},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {foundations-of-computation;theory-of-computation;}  
  } 

@book{ chaitin:1998a,
  author = {Gregory J. Chaitin},
  title = {The Limits of Mathematics: A Course on Information
  	Theory and the Limits of Reasoning},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {981308359X},
  xref = {Review: djukic:2001a.},
  topic = {algorithmic-information-theory;algorithmic-complexity;}  
 } 

@book{ chaitin:1999a,
  author = {Gregory J. Chaitin},
  title = {The Unknowable},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {9814021725 (hardcover)},
  topic = {complexity-theory;goedels-first-theorem;}  
 } 

@book{ chaitin:2001a,
  author = {Gregory J. Chaitin},
  title = {Exploring Randomness},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {1852334177 (acid-free paper)},
  topic = {complexity-theory;randomness;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ chajewska-etal:1998a,
  author = {Urszula Chajewska and L. Getoor and J. Norman and Y. Shahar},
  title = {Utility Elicitation as a Classification Problem},
  booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence.  Proceedings of
  	the Fourteenth Conference (1998)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {79--88},
  topic = {preference-elicitation;}  
	} 

@article{ chakrabarti-etal:1986a,
  author = {P.P.  Chakrabarti and S. Ghose and S.C. DeSarkar},
  title = {Heuristic Search through Islands},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {29},
  number = {3},
  pages = {339--347},
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@article{ chakrabarti-etal:1987a,
  author = {P.P. Chakrabarti and S. Ghose and S.C. DeSarkar},
  title = {Admissibility of {AO}* when Heuristics Overestimate},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {34},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--113},
  topic = {AI-algorithms-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ chakrabarti-etal:1989a,
  author = {P.P. Chakrabarti and S. Ghose and A. Acharya and S.C.
  	de Sarkar},
  title = {Heuristic Search in Restricted Memory},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {41},
  number = {2},
  pages = {197--221},
  topic = {search;heuristics;}  
  } 

@article{ chakrabarti:1994a,
  author = {P.P. Chakrabarti},
  title = {Algorithms for Searching Explicit {AND/OR} Graphs and Their
  	Applications to Problem Reduction Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {65},
  number = {2},
  pages = {329--345},
  topic = {search;and/or-graphs;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chalasani-etal:1991a,
  author = {Prasad Chalasani and Oren Etzioni and John Mount},
  title = {Integrating Efficient Model-Learning and Problem-Solving
  	Algorithms in Permutation Environments},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {89--98},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {machine-learning;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ chalmers:1996a,
  author = {David J. Chalmers},
  title = {The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0195105532},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;consciousness;}  
 } 

@article{ chalmers-jackson_j:2001a,
  author = {David J. Chalmers and Frank Jackson},
  title = {Conceptual Analysis and Reductive Explanation},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {110},
  number = {3},
  pages = {315--360},
  topic = {reduction;a-priori;metaphysics;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ chalupsky:2000a,
  author = {Hans Chalupsky},
  title = {Onto{M}orph: A Translation System for Symbolic Logic},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {471--482},
  topic = {knowledge-integration;}  
  } 

@incollection{ champagne-etal:1999a,
  author = {Maud Champagne and Jacques Virbel and Jean-Luc
			Nespoulous},
  title = {The Differential (?) Processing of Literal and
			Non-Literal Speech Acts:  A Psycholinguistic Approach},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {451--454},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;speech-acts;psycholinguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ chandler_h:1967a,
  author = {Hugh Chandler},
  title = {Excluded Middle},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {64},
  number = {24},
  pages = {807--814},
  topic = {truth-value-gaps;negation;vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ chandler_m:1988a,
  author = {Marthe Chandler},
  title = {Models of Voting Behavior in Survey Research},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1},
  pages = {25--48},
  topic = {voting-behavior;philosophy-of-social-science;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chandrasekaran-etal:1995a,
  author = {B. Chandrasekaran and Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {xv--xxvii},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;
  	cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ chandy-misra:1988a,
  author = {K. Chandy and J. Misra},
  title = {Parallel Program Design: A Foundation},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {distributed-systems;}  
 } 

@article{ chang_cc:1964a,
  author = {Chen-Chung Chang},
  title = {Some New Results in Definability},
  journal = {Bulletin of the {A}merican Mathematical Society},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {70},
  pages = {808--813},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {Beth's-theorem;}  
  } 

@article{ chang_cl:1970a,
  author = {C.L.  Chang},
  title = {Renamable Paramodulation for Automatic Theorem Proving
  	with Equality},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {247--256},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ chang_cl-slagle:1970a,
  author = {C.L. Chang and J.R. Slagle},
  title = {An Admissible and Optimal Algorithm for
  	Searching {AND/OR} graphs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {117--128},
  topic = {search;graph-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ chang_cl-slagle:1979a1,
  author = {C.L. Chang and James R.  Slagle},
  title = {Using Rewriting Rules for Connection Graphs to Prove
  	Theorems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {159--178},
  xref = {Republication: chang-slagle:1979a2.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;graph-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chang_cl-slagle:1979a2,
  author = {C.L. Chang and James R. Slagle},
  title = {Using Rewriting Rules for Connection Graphs to Prove
  	Theorems},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {109--118},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: chang-slagle:1979a1.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;graph-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ chang_js1-chen_mh:1997a,
  author = {Jason S. Chang and Mathis H. Chen},
  title = {An Alignment Method for Noisy Parallel Corpora
  	Based on Image Processing Techniques},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {297--304},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {text-alignment;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ chang_js2-etal:1995a,
  author = {Jing-Shin Chang et al.},
  title = {Automatic Construction of a {C}hinese Electronic
  	Dictionary},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very
		Large Corpora},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {107--120},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {Other aus.},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;machine-learning;dictionary-construction;
  	machine-readable-dictionaries;}  
  } 

@book{ chang_r:1997a,
  editor = {Ruth Chang},
  title = {Incommensurability, Incomparability, and Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0674447557},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Ruth Chang, "Introduction"
	2. James Griffin, "Incommensurability: What's the
		Problem?"
        3. David Wiggins, "Incommensurability: Four Proposals"
	4. John Broome, "Is Incommensurability Vagueness?"
	5. Elizabeth Anderson, "Practical Reason and Incommensurable
                 Goods"
	6. Joseph Raz, "Incommensurability and agency"
	7. Donald Regan, "Value, Comparability, and Choice"
	8. Elijah Millgram, "Incommensurability and Practical
                 Reasoning"
        9. Charles Taylor, "Leading a life"
       10. Steven Lukes, "Comparing the Incomparable: Trade-Offs and
       		Sacrifices"
       11. Michael Stocker, "Abstract and Concrete Value: Plurality,
                Conflict, and Maximization"
       12. John Finnis, "Commensuration and Public Reason"
   } ,
  topic = {incommensurability-in-ethics;}  
 } 

@book{ chang_r:1998a,
  editor = {Ruth Chang},
  title = {Incommensurability, Incomparability, and Practical
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;foundations-of-utility;}  
 } 

@article{ chapman:1972a,
  author = {Tobias Chapman},
  title = {On a New Escape from Logical Determinism},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {81},
  number = {324},
  pages = {597--599},
  xref = {Criticism of: cahn_sm:1967a.},
  xref = {Reply: cahn_sm:1974a.},
  topic = {future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ chapman_d:1985a,
  author = {David Chapman},
  title = {Planning for Conjunctive Goals},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  pages = {333--377},
  topic = {planning;}  
  } 

@book{ chapman_s:2000a,
  author = {Siobhan Chapman},
  title = {Philosophy for Linguists},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {2000},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {041520659-6 (paperback)},
  topic = {philosophy-and-linguistics;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ chapman_t:1982a,
  author = {T. Chapman},
  title = {Time: A Philosophical Analysis},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophy-of-time;(in)determinism;causality;temporal-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ chapuis:1996a,
  author = {Andr\'e Chapuis},
  title = {Alternative Revision Theories of Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {4},
  pages = {399--423},
  topic = {truth;}  
  } 

@article{ charland:2001a,
  author = {Louis C. Charland},
  title = {Review of {\em Strong Feelings: Emotion, Addiction, and
  	Human Behavior}, by {J}on {E}lster},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {1},
  pages = {108--110},
  xref = {Review of elster:1999b.},
  topic = {emotion;addiction;}  
  } 

@book{ charles_d:1984a,
  author = {David Charles},
  title = {Aristotle's Philosophy of Action},
  publisher = {Duckworth},
  year = {1984},
  address = {London},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@book{ charniak-wilks:1976a,
  editor = {Eugene Charniak and Yorick A. Wilks},
  title = {Computational Semantics: an Introduction to Artificial
  	Intelligence and Natural Language Comprehension},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444111107},
  topic = {nlp-survey;computational-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ charniak:1978a,
  author = {Eugene Charniak},
  title = {On the Use of Framed Knowledge in Language Comprehension},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {225--265},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Notions like ``frames'', ``scripts'' etc. are now being used in
     programs to uderstand connected discourse. We will describe a
     program in this vein which understands simple stories about
     painting.  (Jack was painting a chair. He dipped a brush into
     some paint. Q: Why?) In particular, problems of matching, read
     time inference, and undoing false conclusions will be stressed.
     The program makes heavy use of real world knowledge, and there
     is an extensive discussion of various issues in knowledge
     representation and how they affect frame representations:
     modularity, the need for problem solving, wordly vs control
     knowledge, and cleanliness. The paper concludes with an
     extensive discussion of the program's shortcomings.  } ,
  topic = {frames;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@book{ charniak-etal:1980a,
 author = {Eugene Charniak and Christopher K. Riesbeck and Drew
 	McDermott},
 title = {Artificial Intelligence Programming},
 publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
 year = {1980},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0898590043},
  xref = {Review: london:1980a.},
  topic = {AI-programming;AI-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ charniak:1981a,
  author = {Eugene Charniak},
  title = {A Common Representation for Problem-Solving and
  	Language-Comprehension Information},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  pages = {225--255},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Many in Artificial Intelligence have noted the common concerns
     of problem-solving and language-comprehension research. Both
     must represent large bodies of real world knowledge, and both
     must use such knowledge to infer new facts from old. Despite
     this the two subdisciplines have, with minor exceptions, kept
     arm's length.  So, for example, many in language comprehension
     have adopted some form of `frame' representation, while
     problem-solving people have tended to use predicate calculus.
      In this paper I will first show that this is not merely
     idiosyncratic behavior, but rather stems from the different
     issues stressed by the two areas, problem solvers being
     primarily concerned with deep inferences in narrow domains,
     while language comprehenders being more concerned with shallow
     inference in broader areas. I will then suggest a compromise
     position which will use both frames and predicate calculus, and
     then show how this representation has features desired by both
     camps.},
  topic = {kr;frames;natural-language-undersrtanding;problem-solving;}  
  } 

@article{ charniak:1983a,
  author = {Eugene Charniak},
  title = {Passing Markers: A Theory of Contextual Influence in
  	Language Comprehension},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {171--190},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {context;nl-comprehension-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ charniak-mcdermott_d:1985a,
  author = {Eugene Charniak and Drew McDermott},
  title = {Introduction to Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201119455},
  topic = {AI-intro;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ charniak:1986b1,
  author = {Eugene Charniak},
  title = {Jack and {J}anet in Search of a Theory of Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Max B. Clowes},
  pages = {337--343},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  xref = {Republished in grosz-etal:1986a; see charniak:1986b2.},
  topic = {nl-understanding;}  
 } 

@incollection{ charniak:1986b2,
  author = {Eugene Charniak},
  title = {Jack and {J}anet in Search of a Theory of Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Readings in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Barbara G. Grosz and Karen Sparck-Jones and Bonnie L. Webber},
  pages = {331--338},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  missinginfo = {Original publication: charniak:1986b1.},
  topic = {nl-understanding;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ charniak-etal:1986a,
  author = {Eugene Charniak},
  title = {A Neat Theory of Marker Passing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  pages = {584--588},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {parallel-processing;marker-passing;}  
  } 

@article{ charniak:1987a,
  author = {Eugene Charniak},
  title = {Logic and Explanation},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {172--174},
  xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ charniak-etal:1987a,
  author = {Eugene Charniak and Christopher K. Riesbeck and Drew V.
  	McDermott},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence Programming},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0898596092},
  topic = {AI-programming;AI-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ charniak:1988a,
  author = {Eugene Charniak},
  title = {Motivation Analysis, Abductive Unification, and
  	Nonmonotonic Equality},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {34},
  number = {3},
  pages = {275--295},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Motivation analysis in story comprehension requires matching an
     action mentioned in the story against actions which might be
     predicted by possible explanatory motivations. This requires
     matching constants from the story against Skolem functions in
     the possible motivations (assuming a normal first-order
     representation of stories, plans, etc.). We will show that
     extending unification to allow for unifying two things if they
     are nonmonotonically equal does exactly what is needed in such
     cases.  We also show that such a procedure allows for a clean
     method of noun-phrase reference determination. The work
     described here has all been implemented.  } ,
  topic = {abduction;story-understanding;reasoning-about-attitudes;
  	nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ charniak-goldman:1988a,
  author = {Eugene Charniak and Robert Goldman},
  title = {A Logic for Semantic Interpretation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {87--94},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {computational-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ charniak-goldman:1989a,
  author = {Eugene Charniak and Robert Goldman},
  title = {A Semantics for Probabilistic Quantifier-Free First-Order
  	Languages, with Particular Application to Story Understanding},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {1074--1079},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {computational-semantics;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@techreport{ charniak-shimony:1990a,
  author = {Eugene Charniak and Solomon E. Shimony},
  title = {Probabilistic Semantics for Cost Based Abduction},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, Brown University},
  number = {CS-90-02},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Providence, Rhode Island},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@book{ charniak:1993a,
  author = {Eugene Charniak},
  title = {Statistical Language Learning},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {corpus-statistics;computational-linguistics;
  	statistical-nlp;}  
 } 

@article{ charniak-goldman:1993a,
  author = {Eugene Charniak and Robert P. Goldman},
  title = {A {B}ayesian Model of Plan Recognition},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {64},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--79},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We argue that the problem of plan recognition, inferring an
     agent's plan from observations, is largely a problem of
     inference under conditions of uncertainty. We present an
     approach to the plan recognition problem that is based on
     Bayesian probability theory. In attempting to solve a plan
     recognition problem we first retrieve candidate explanations.
     These explanations (sometimes only the most promising ones) are
     assembled into a plan recognition Bayesian network, which is a
     representation of a probability distribution over the set of
     possible explanations.  We perform Bayesian updating to choose
     the most likely interpretation for the set of observed actions.
     This approach has been implemented in the Wimp3 system for
     natural language story understanding.
  } ,
  topic = {plan-recognition;nl-understanding;Bayesian-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ charniak-shimony:1994a,
  author = {Eugene Charniak and Solomon Eyal Shimony},
  title = {Cost-Based Abduction and {MAP} Explanation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {66},
  number = {2},
  pages = {345--374},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Cost-based abduction attempts to find the best explanation for a
     set of facts by finding a minimal cost proof for the facts. The
     costs are computed by summing the costs of the assumptions
     necessary for the proof plus the cost of the rules. We examine
     existing methods for constructing explanations (proofs), as a
     minimization problem on a DAG (directed acyclic graph). We then
     define a probabilistic semantics for the costs, and prove the
     equivalence of the cost minimization problem to the Bayesian
     network MAP (maximum a posteriori probability) solution of the
     system. A simple best-first algorithm for finding least-cost
     proofs is presented, and possible improvements are suggested.
     The semantics of cost-based abduction for complete models are
     then generalized to handle negation. This, in turn, allows us to
     apply the best-first search algorithm as a novel way of
     computing MAP assignments to belief networks that can enumerate
     assignments in order of decreasing probability. An important
     point is that improvement results for the best-first search
     algorithm carry over to the computation of MAPs.
  } ,
  topic = {abduction;search;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ charniak-etal:1996a,
  author = {Eugene Charniak and Gelnn Carroll and John Adcock and
  	Anthony Cassandra and Yoshihiko Gotoh and Jeremy Katz
	and Michael Litman and John McCann},
  title = {Taggers for Parsers},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {85},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {45--57},
  topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;probabilistic-parsers;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ charniak:1998a,
  author = {Eugene Charniak},
  title = {Statistical Techniques for Natural Language Parsing},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {33--43},
  topic = {corpus-statistics;computational-linguistics;
  	statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chastain:1975a,
  author = {Charles Chastain},
  title = {Reference and Context},
  booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge.  {M}innesota Studies in
  	the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Keith Gunderson},
  pages = {194--269},
  address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
  topic = {reference;indexicals;context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chatalic:1994a,
  author = {Philippe Chatalic},
  title = {Viewing Hypothesis Theories as Constrained Graded Theories},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce},
  pages = {261--278},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {modal-logic;qualitative-probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chateauneuf-etal:1991a,
  author = {A. Chateauneuf and R. Kast and A. Lapied},
  title = {Uncertainty of the Valuation of Risky Assets},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {130--134},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;market-modeling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chaudhri-etal:1992a,
  author = {Vinay K. Chaudhri and Vassos Hadzilacos and John Mylopoulos},
  title = {Concurrency Control for Knowledge Bases},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {762--773},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;concurrency-control;knowledge-base-integrity;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ chaudri-mylopoulos:1995a,
  author = {Vinay Chaudri and John Mylopoulos},
  title = {Efficient Algorithms and Performance Results for Multi-User
  		Knowledge Bases},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {759--766},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {kr;large-kr-systems;kr-course;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ chavez-cooper:1990a,
  author = {R. Martin Chavez and Gregory F. Cooper},
  title = {An Empirical Evaluation of a Randomized Algorithm for
 	Probabilistic Inference},
  booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 5},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {60--70},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.},
  address = {North Holland},
  editor = {M. Henrion and R.D. Shachter and L.N. Kanal and J.F. Lemmer},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;empirical-methods-in-AI;}  
 } 

@techreport{ cheeseman:1983a,
  author = {Peter Cheeseman},
  title = {A Representation of Time for Planning},
  institution = {SRI Artificial Intelligence Center},
  number = {278},
  year = {1983},
  topic = {planning;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cheeseman:1985a,
  author = {Peter Cheeseman},
  title = {In Defense of Probability},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi},
  pages = {1002--1009},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;
  	reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@article{ cheeseman:1988a,
  author = {Peter Cheeseman},
  title = {An Inquiry Into Computer Understanding},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {58--66},
  missinginfo = {number, Check Spelling A Name},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;
  	reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ cheikes:1994a,
  author= {Brant A. Cheikes},
  title= {Planning Responses from High-Level Goals: Adopting the Respondent's
       Perspective in Cooperative Response Generation},
  school= {University of Pennsylvania},
  address= {Philadelphia},
  year= {1991},
  topic = {nl-generation;cooperation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ chelba:1997a,
  author = {Ciprian Chelba},
  title = {A Structured Language Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {498--503},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ chelba-jelinek:1998a,
  author = {Ciprian Chelba and Frederick Jelinek},
  title = {Exploiting Syntactic Structure for Language Modeling},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {225--231},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;word-sequence-probabilities;}  
} 

@article{ chella-etal:1997a,
  author = {A. Chella and Marcello Frixione and S. Gaglio},
  title = {A Cognitive Architecture for Artificial Vision},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {89},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {73--111},
  topic = {cognitive-robotics;computer-vision;cognitive-architectures;
  	vision;}  
  } 

@article{ chella-etal:2000a,
  author = {A. Chella and M. Frixione and S. Gaglio},
  title = {Understanding Dynamic Scenes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {123},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {89--132},
  topic = {computer-vision;process-recognition;}  
  } 

@book{ chellas:1969a,
  author = {Brian Chellas},
  title = {The Logical Form of Imperatives},
  publisher = {Perry Lane Press},
  year = {1969},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;deontic-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ chellas:1971a,
  author = {Brian Chellas},
  title = {Imperatives},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {37},
  number = {2},
  pages = {114--229},
  topic = {conditionals;deontic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ chellas:1974a,
  author = {Brian Chellas},
  title = {Conditional Obligation},
  booktitle = {Logical Theory and Semantic Analysis},
  editor = {S{\o}ren Stenlund},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1974},
  pages = {23--33},
  topic = {deontic-logic;conditional-obligation;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ chellas-mckinney:1974a,
  author = {Brian Chellas and Audrey McKinney},
  title = {The Completeness of Monotonic Modal Logics},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Pennsylvania},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ chellas:1975a,
  author = {Brian Chellas},
  title = {Basic Conditional Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {133--154},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
 } 

@book{ chellas:1980a,
  author = {Brian F. Chellas},
  title = {Modal Logic: An Introduction},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ chellas:1983a,
  author = {Brian F. Chellas},
  title = {$KG^{k,l,m,n}$ and the {EMFP}},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {26},
  number = {103--104},
  pages = {255--262},
  topic = {modal-logic;} 
  } 

@article{ chellas:1992a,
  author = {Brian Chellas},
  title = {Time and Modality in the Logic of Agency},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {51},
  pages = {485--517},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {action;}  
} 

@article{ chellas-segerberg:1994a,
  author = {Brian F. Chellas and Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Modal Logics with the {M}ac{I}ntosh Rule},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {67--86},
  contentnote = {The MacIntosh rule is <>A --> []A/ []A --> <>A.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ chellas:1995a,
  author = {Brian Chellas},
  title = {On Bringing It about},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {6},
  pages = {563--571},
  topic = {agency;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ chen_hh-lee:1995a,
  author = {Hsin-Hsi Chen and Yue-Shi Lee},
  title = {Development of a Partially Bracketed
				Corpus with Part-Of-Speech Information Only},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very
		Large Corpora},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {162--172},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;text-chunking;
		part-of-speech-tagging;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ chen_hh:1998a,
  author = {Hsin-Hsi Chen and Sheng-Jie Huang and Yung-Wei Ding and
  	Shih-Chung Tsai},
  title = {Proper Name Translation in Cross-Language Information
  	Retrieval},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {232--236},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {proper-names;machine-translation;}  
} 

@article{ chen_jh-chang_js:1998a,
  author = {Jen Hen Chen and Jason S. Chang},
  title = {Topical Clustering of {MRD} Senses Based on Information
  	Retrieval Techniques},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {61--95},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ chen_jn-chang_js:1998a,
  author = {Jen-Nan Chen and Jason S. Chang},
  title = {A Concept-based Adaptive Approach to Word Sense
  	Disambiguation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {237--243},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ chen_kj-etal:1998a,
  author = {Keh-Jiann Chen and Wen Tsuei and Lee-Feng Chien},
  title = {{PAT}-Trees with the Deletion Function as the Learning
  	Device for Linguistic Patterns},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {244--250},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;PAT-trees;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ chen_sf-goodman:1996a,
  author = {Stanley F. Chen and Joshua Goodman},
  title = {An Empirical Study of Smoothing Techniques for Language
  	Modeling},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {310--318},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {corpus-statistics;}  
 } 

@techreport{ chen_sf-goodman:1998a,
  author = {Stanley F. Chen and Joshua Goodman},
  title = {An Empirical Study of Smoothing Techniques for Language
  	Modeling},
  institution = {Center for Research in Computing Technology,
  	Harvard University},
  number = {TR-10-98},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {corpus-statistics;frequency-estimation;}  
  } 

@book{ chen_ss1:1990a,
  editor = {Su-Shing Chen},
  title = {Advances in Spatial Reasoning, Volume 1},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0893915726},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;}  
 } 

@book{ chen_ss1:1990b,
  editor = {Su-Shing Chen},
  title = {Advances in Spatial Reasoning, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0893915734},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ chen_ss2-etal:1990a,
  author = {Susan S. Chen and James M. Keller and Richard M. Crownover},
  title = {Shape from Fractal Geometry},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {43},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--218},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A novel method for the recovery of a planar surface orientation
     from its image using fractal measures is presented. A
     fractal-related feature, the average Holder constant, is defined
     in the two-dimensional topological space. It is proven that the
     average Holder constant is scale-sensitive and the distance
     ratio from any two points on the fractal surface to the viewer
     can be calculated from their average Holder constants. By
     incorporating the distance ratio into the surface-vanishing line
     formula in the geometric model, a method for inferring
     planar surface shape is derived. The novelty of this method is
     that the fractal-related feature is used as a direct input in
     the shape recovery process.  Experimental results showing the
     validity of applying this method to artificially rotated
     textured images and images of naturally textured surfaces are
     presented.
  } ,
  topic = {fractals;texture;distance-metrics;}  
  } 

@article{ chen_w-warren:1993a,
  author = {W. Chen and D.S. Warren},
  title = {A Goal-Oriented Approach to Computing the Well-Founded
		Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {279--300},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ chen_xj-degiacomo:1999a,
  author = {Xiao Jun Chen and Giuseppe De Degiacomo},
  title = {Reasoning about Nondeterministic and Concurrent
  	Actions:  A Process Algebra Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {107},
  number = {1},
  pages = {63--98},
  topic = {concurrency;concurrent-actions;}  
  } 

@article{ cheng_j-etal:2002a,
  author = {Jie Cheng and Russell Greiner and Jonathan Kelly and David
  	Bell and Weiru Liu},
  title = {Learning {B}ayesian Networks from Data: An Information-Theory
  	Based Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {137},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {43--90},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;machine-learning;} 
  } 

@article{ cheng_ls-huang:1996a,
  author = {Lisa L.-S. Cheng and C.-T James Huang},
  title = {Two Types of Donkey Sentences},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {121--163},
  topic = {anaphora;donkey-anaphora;}  
  } 

@book{ cherniak:1986a,
  author = {Christopher Cherniak},
  title = {Minimal Rationality},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Cambridge},
  xref = {Review: spector-hendler:1987a.},
  topic = {limited-rationality;}  
 } 

@article{ cherniavsky:1972a,
  author = {A.L. Cherniavsky},
  title = {A Program for Timetable Compilation by a Look-Ahead
  	Method},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {61--76},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The problem of timetable compilation for a single-track railway
     is a job-shop scheduling problem but with differences that
     handicap the generation of feasible solutions. The paper states
     the problem and describes the algorithm and the experimental
     results.  The idea of the algorithm is that a feasible solution
     is obtained by successice resolving of ``conflicts'' between
     trains, this process being interpreted as the generation of some
     tree T. The way to resolve a conflict is selected by a
     look-ahead method which enables us to obtain good enough
     solutions by using a very rough estimate function.  One specific
     feature of the algorithm is that the look-ahead tree T´ is not a
     subtree of T; the other is the culs-de-sac on trees T and T´.
     When it reaches a cul-de-sac, the algorithm augments the tree
     with additional nodes.  } ,
  topic = {scheduling;AI-algorithms;experimental-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ chester:1976a,
  author = {David Chester},
  title = {The Translation of Formal Proofs into {E}nglish},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {261--278},
  topic = {proofs-as-discourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chevalier-martinex:2001a,
  author = {Aline Chevalier and Laure Martinex},
  title = {The Role of Context in the Acquisition and in the
   	Organization of Knowledge: Studies from Adults and from
	Children},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {425--428},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@techreport{ chi_mth:1983a,
  author = {Micheline T.H. Chi},
  title = {A Learning Framework for Development},
  institution = {Learning Research and Development Center},
  number = {1983/18},
  year = {1983},
  address = {University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {developmental-psychology;expertise;}  
  } 

@techreport{ chi_mth-etal:1983a,
  author = {Micheline T.H. Chi and Robert Glaser and Ernest Rees},
  title = {Expertise in Problem Solving},
  institution = {Learning Research and Development Center},
  number = {1981/3},
  year = {1981},
  address = {University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {expertise;}  
  } 

@article{ chi_zy-geman:1998a,
  author = {Zhiyi Chi and Stuart Geman},
  title = {Estimation of Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {299--305},
  topic = {probabilistic-parsers;}  
  } 

@article{ chi_zy:1999a,
  author = {Zhiyi Chi},
  title = {Statistical Properties of Probabilistic Context-Free
  	Grammars},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {131--160},
  topic = {probabilistic-context-free-grammars;}  
  } 

@article{ chichilinsky:1982a,
  author = {Graciela Chichilinsky},
  title = {Social Aggregation Rules and Continuity},
  journal = {Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {96},
  pages = {337--352},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {welfare-economics;social-choice-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chichilinsky:1983a,
  author = {Graciela Chichilinsky},
  title = {Social Choice Theory and Game Theory: Recent
	Results with a Topological Approach},
  booktitle = {Social Choice and Welfare},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Prasanta K. Pattanaik and Maurice Salles},
  pages = {79--102},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {social-choice-theory;game-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ chichilnisky-heal:1983a,
  author = {Graciela Chichilnisky and G. Heal},
  title = {Necessary and Sufficient
	Conditions for a Resolution of the Social Choice Paradox},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Theory},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {68--87},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {social-choice-theory;Arrow's-theorem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chien_m-etal:1998a,
  author = {M. Chien and M.L. Mugnier and Genevi\`eve Simonet},
  title = {Nested Graphs: A Graph-Based Knowledge Representation
		Model with {FOL} Semantics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {524--534},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;conceptual-graphs;graph-based-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ chien_s-etal:1999a,
  author = {S. Chien and G. Rabideau and J. Willis and T. Mann},
  title = {Automating Planning and Scheduling of Shuttle Payload
  	Operations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {114},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {239--255},
  topic = {planning;scheduling;}  
  } 

@article{ chierchia:1982a,
  author = {Gennaro Chierchia},
  title = {Nominalization and {M}ontague Grammar: A Semantics Without
  	Types for Natural Languages},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {303--354},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nominalization;nl-semantic-types;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chierchia:1985a,
  author = {Gennaro  Chierchia},
  title = {The Variability of Impersonal Subjects},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {107--143},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;impersonal-subjects;nl-quantifiers;
  	Italian-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chierchia:1988a,
  author = {Gennaro Chierchia},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vol. 2},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  pages = {1--20},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;intensionality;thematic-roles;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chierchia:1988b,
  author = {Gennaro Chierchia},
  title = {Structured Meanings, Thematic Roles and Control},
  booktitle = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vol. 2},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  pages = {131--166},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;thematic-roles;}  
  } 

@book{ chierchia-etal:1988a,
  editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner},
  title = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vols. 1 and 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {38 and 39},
  series = {Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {This reference for both volumes.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;polymorphism;nl-semantic-types;}  
 } 

@book{ chierchia-etal:1988b,
  editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner},
  title = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {38},
  series = {Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {This reference for volume 1.  TC:
  	Aczel, Algebraic Semantics.
	Thomason, Ramified.
	Turner, Two Issues in the Foundations.
	Asher and Kamp, Self-Reference.
	Bealer, Type-Free Intensionality.
	van Benthem, Semantic Type-Change
  	},
  topic = {nl-semantics;polymorphism;nl-semantic-types;}  
 } 

@book{ chierchia-etal:1988c,
  editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner},
  title = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {39},
  series = {Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {This reference for volume 2.  TC:
  	Groenendijk and Stokhof, Shifting Rules and the Semantics of
		Interrogatives.
	Dowty, On the Semantic Content of the Notion of `Thematic Role'.
	Chierchia, Structured Meanings, Thematic Roles and Control
	Carlson, On the Semantic Composition of English Generic Sentences.
	Schubert and Pelletier, Generically Speaking, or Using Discourse
		Representation Theory to Interpret Generics.
	Zeevat, Realism and Definiteness
  	},
  topic = {nl-semantics;polymorphism;nl-semantic-types;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ chierchia-turner_r:1988a,
  author = {Gennaro Chierchia and Raymond Turner},
  title = {Semantics and Property Theory},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {261--302},
  topic = {nl-semantics;property-theory;}  
  } 

@techreport{ chierchia:1990a,
  author = {Gennaro Chierchia},
  title = {Anaphora and Dynamic Logic},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--90--07},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {anaphora;donkey-anaphora;dynamic-logic;dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ chierchia:1990b,
  author = {Gennaro Chierchia},
  title = {The Variability of Impersonal Subjects},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--90--06},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {adverbs;impersonal-subjects;}  
  } 

@article{ chierchia:1992a,
  author = {Gennaro Chierchia},
  title = {Questions with Quantifiers},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1992--1993},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {181--234},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;nl-semantics;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@article{ chierchia:1992b,
  author = {Gennaro Chierchia},
  title = {Anaphora and Dynamic Binding},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {111--183},
  year = {1992},
  topic = {anaphora;donkey-anaphora;dynamic-logic;dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ chierchia-mcconnellginet:1992a,
  author = {Gennaro Chierchia and Sally McConnell-Ginet},
  title = {Meaning and Grammar:  An Introduction to Semantics},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: perrault:1993a, carlson:1991a.},
  xref = {2nd edition: chierchia-mcconnellginet:2000a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ chierchia:1994a,
  author = {Gennarro Chierhia},
  title = {Intensionality and Context Change},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {141--168},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ chierchia:1995a,
  author = {Gennaro Chierchia},
  title = {Dynamics of Meaning: Anaphora, Presupposition, and the
  	Theory of Grammar},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;nl-semantics;donkey-anaphora;presupposition;
  	anaphora;pragmatics;context;}  
 } 

@incollection{ chierchia:1995b,
  author = {Gennaro Chierchia},
  title = {Individual-Level Predicates as Inherent Generics},
  booktitle = {The Generic Book},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  pages = {176--223},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  topic = {generics;i-level/s-level;}  
  } 

@article{ chierchia:1998a,
  author = {Gennaro Chierchia},
  title = {Reference to Kinds across Languages},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {339--405},
  topic = {universal-grammar;semantics-of-common-nouns;}  
  } 

@book{ chierchia-mcconnellginet:2000a,
  author = {Gennaro Chierchia and Sally McConnell-Ginet},
  title = {Meaning and Grammar:  An Introduction to Semantics},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {1st edition: chierchia-mcconnellginet:1992a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ chihara:1963a,
  author = {Charles Chihara},
  title = {Mathematical Discovery and Concept Formation},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {72},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17--34},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;scientific-discovery;} 
  } 

@article{ chihara-fodor:1965a,
  author = {Charles Chihara and Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {Operationalism and Ordinary Language},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {281--295},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;Wittgenstein;} 
  } 

@article{ chihara:1979a,
  author = {Charles Chihara},
  title = {The Semantic Paradoxes: A Diagnostic Investigation},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {88},
  missinginfo = {pages,number},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ chihara:1984a,
  author = {Charles Chihara},
  title = {Priest, the Liar, and {G}\"odel},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {117--124},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;paraconsistency;goedels-first-theorem;}  
  } 

@article{ chihara:1984b,
  author = {Charles S. Chihara},
  title = {A Simple Type Theory without Platonic Domains},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {249--283},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;logic-and-ontology;philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chihara:1994a,
  author = {Charles Chihara},
  title = {The {H}owson-{U}rbach Proofs of {B}ayesian Principles},
  booktitle = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational
       Decision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {161--178},
  editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {Check topic.},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
  } 

@book{ child:1994a,
  author = {William Child},
  title = {Causality, Interpretation, and the Mind},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198239785},
  topic = {causality;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@incollection{ chin_dn:1989a,
  author = {David N. Chin},
  title = {{KNOME}: Modeling What the User
		Knows in {UC}},
  booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {74--107},
  address = {Berlin},
  contentnote = {KNOME is a Unix consultant system.},
  topic = {user-modeling;intelligent-tutoring;agent-stereotypes;}  
 } 

@article{ chisholm:1955a,
  author = {Roderick M. Chisholm},
  title = {Law Statements and Counterfactual Inference},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1955},
  volume = {15},
  number = {5},
  pages = {97--105},
  topic = {causality;natural-laws;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ chisholm-taylor:1960a,
  author = {Roderick M. Chisholm and Richard Taylor},
  title = {Making Things to Have Happened},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {73--78},
  topic = {temporal-direction;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ chisholm:1963a,
  author = {Roderick M. Chisholm},
  title = {Contrary-to-Duty Imperatives and Deontic Logic},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {33--36},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ chisholm:1963b,
  author = {Roderick M. Chisholm},
  title = {Supererogation and Offence: A Conceptual Scheme
             for Ethics},
  journal = {Ratio},
  volume = {5},
  year = {1963},
  pages = {1--14},
  topic = {ethics;supererogation;}  
    } 

@article{ chisholm:1964a,
  author = {Roderick M. Chisholm},
  title = {The Ethics of Requirement},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  volume = {1},
  year = {1964},
  pages = {147--153},
  topic = {ethics;}  
    } 

@article{ chisholm:1964b1,
  author = {Roderick M. Chisholm},
  title = {{J}.{L}. {A}ustin's Philosophical Papers},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {75},
  pages = {1--26},
  xref = {Reprinted in fann:1969a; see chisholm:1964a2},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chisholm:1964b2,
  author = {Roderick M. Chisholm},
  title = {Austin's Philosophical Papers},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {101--126},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  xref = {Reprinted; see chisholm:1964a1},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chisholm:1967a,
  author = {Roderick M. Chisholm},
  title = {Comments on von Wright's `{T}he Logic of Action'},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Decision and Action},
  publisher = {University of Pittsburgh Press},
  year = {1967},
  editor = {Nicholas Rescher},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {action;}  
  } 

@article{ chisholm:1967b,
  author = {Roderick M. Chisholm},
  title = {He Could Have Done Otherwise},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {64},
  pages = {409--417},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {JL-Austin;conditionals;ability;counterfactual-past;}  
  } 

@article{ chisholm:1970a,
  author = {Roderick M. Chisholm},
  title = {The Structure of Intention},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1970},
  pages = {633--647},
  topic = {intention;}  
  } 

@article{ chisholm-keim:1972a,
  author = {Roderick M. Chisholm and Robert G. Keim},
  title = {A System of Epistemic Logic},
  journal = {Ratio},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {99--115},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;preferences;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chisholm:1978a,
  author = {Roderick Chisholm},
  title = {Practical Reason and the Logic of Requirement},
  booktitle = {Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Joseph Raz},
  pages = {118--127},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {deontic-logic;obligation;practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chisholm:1979a,
  author = {Roderick Chisholm},
  title = {On the Logic of Purpose},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}:
  	Studies in Metaphysics},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {223--237},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {intention;}  
  } 

@article{ choi_kmf-etal:2000a,
  author = {Kenneth M. F. Choi and Jimmy H. M. Lee and Peter J. Stuckey},
  title = {A Lagrangian Reconstruction of {GENET}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {123},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--39},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;search;}  
  } 

@article{ choi_sh:2002a,
  author = {Sungho Choi},
  title = {Causation and Gerrymandered World Lines: A Critique of 
  	{S}almon},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1},
  pages = {105--117},
  topic = {causality;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ choi_sk-etal:1998a,
  author = {Sung-Kwon Choi and Han-Min Jung and Chul-Min Sim and
  	Taewan Kim and Dong-In Park and Jun-Sik Park and Key-Sun Choi},
  title = {Hybrid Approaches to Improvement of Translation Quality in
  	Web-based {E}nglish-{K}orean Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {251--255},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {machine-translation;}  
} 

@incollection{ cholewinski-etal:1996a,
  author = {Pawe{\l} Cholewi\'nski and Victor W. Marek and Miroslaw
  	Truszczy\'nski},
  title = {Default Reasoning System {DeReS}},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {518--528},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;default-logic;theorem-proving;
		kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ cholewinski-etal:1999a,
  author = {Pawe{\l} Cholewi\'nski and Artur Mikitiuk and Wictor Marek
  	and Miroslaw Truszczy\'nski},
  title = {Computing with Default Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {112},
  pages = {105--146},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;default-logic;theorem-proving;
		kr-course;nonmonotonic-reasoning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chollet-etal:1997a,
  author = {Gerard Chollet and Jean-Luc Cochard and Andrei Constantinescu
       		and Cedric Jaroulet and Philippe Langlais},
  title = {Swiss {F}rench
		{P}oly{P}hone and {P}oly{V}ar: Telephone Speech Databases
		to Model Inter- and Intra-Speaker Variability},
  booktitle = {Linguistic Databases},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {John Nerbonne},
  pages = {117--135},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cholvy:1998a,
  author = {Laurence Cholvy},
  title = {Reasoning about Merged Information},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 3:  Belief Change},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  pages = {233--263},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {knowledge-integration;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cholvy-cuppens:1998a,
  author = {Laurence Cholvy and F. Cuppens},
  title = {Reasoning about Norms Provided by Conflicting
  	Regulations},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
	Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  pages = {247--264},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {deontic-logic;rules-and-regulations;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ chomicki-etal:2000a,
  author = {Jan Chomicki and Jorge Lobo and Shamin Naqvi},
  title = {A Logic Programming Approach to Conflict Resolution
  	in Policy Management},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {121--132},
  topic = {logic-programming;conflict-resolution;}  
  } 

@book{ chomsky:1957a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Syntactic Structures},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1957},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {nl-syntax;}  
 } 

@article{ chomsky:1958a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {On Certain Formal Properties of Grammars},
  journal = {Information and Control},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {91--112},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {formal-language-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ chomsky:1958b,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {A Review of {B}. {F}. {S}kinner's {\it Verbal Behavior}},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {35},
  number = {1},
  pages = {26--58},
  topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;foundations-of-cogsci;}  
  } 

@article{ chomsky-miller_ga:1958a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky and George A. Miller},
  title = {Finite State Languages},
  journal = {Information and Control},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {1},
  missinginfo = {pages, number},
  topic = {formal-language-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ chomsky:1961a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Some Methodological Remarks on Generative Grammar},
  journal = {Word},
  year = {1961},
  volume = {17},
  number = {2},
  pages = {219--239},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;}  
  } 

@book{ chomsky:1965a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Aspects of the Theory of Syntax},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1965},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-syntax;}  
 } 

@book{ chomsky:1966a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Cartesian Linguistics},
  publisher = {Harper and Row},
  year = {1966},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ chomsky:1968a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Language and Mind},
  publisher = {Harcourt, Brace and World},
  year = {1968},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-syntax;}  
 } 

@book{ chomsky-halle:1968a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle},
  title = {The Sound Pattern of {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Harper and Row},
  year = {1968},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {phonology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ chomsky:1970a1,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Remarks on Nominalization},
  booktitle = {Readings in Transformational Grammar},
  publisher = {Ginn and Co.},
  year = {1970},
  editor = {R. Jacobs and P. Rosenbaum},
  pages = {184--221},
  address = {Boston},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  xref = {Republication: chomsky:1970a2.},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;nominalization;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chomsky:1970a2,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Remarks on Nominalization},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {262--289},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: chomsky:1970a1.},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;nominalization;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chomsky:1971a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Deep Structure, Surface Structure, and Semantic
  	Interpretation},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {183--216},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chomsky:1972a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Some Empirical Issues in the Theory of Transformational
		Grammar},
  booktitle = {Goals of Linguistic Theory},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Stanley Peters},
  pages = {63--127},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chomsky:1973a1,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Conditions on Transformations},
  booktitle = {A {F}estschrift for {M}orris {H}alle},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Stephen R. Anderson and Paul Kiparsky},
  pages = {232--286},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {nl-syntax;extended-std-theory;} 
  } 

@incollection{ chomsky:1973a2,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Conditions on Transformations},
  booktitle = {Essays on Form and Interpretation},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {Noam Chomsky},
  pages = {78--160},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Republication of: chomsky:1973a1.},
  topic = {nl-syntax;extended-std-theory;} 
  } 

@incollection{ chomsky:1975a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Knowledge of Language},
  booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge.  {M}innesota Studies in
  	the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Keith Gunderson},
  pages = {299--320},
  address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ chomsky:1975b1,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Questions of Form and Interpretation},
  journal = {Linguistic Analysis},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--109},
  xref = {Republication: chomsky:1975b2.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chomsky:1975b2,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Questions of Form and Interpretation},
  booktitle = {Essays on Form and Interpretation},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {Noam Chomsky},
  pages = {25--59},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Republication of: chomsky:1975b1.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ chomsky:1975c,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Reflections on Language},
  publisher = {Pantheon Books},
  year = {1975},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ chomsky:1975d,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {New York},
  note = {Written and privately distributed, 1955.},
  topic = {nl-syntax;}  
 } 

@incollection{ chomsky:1976a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Problems and Mysteries in the Study of Human Language},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {281--357},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
  } 

@article{ chomsky:1976b1,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Conditions on Rules of Grammar},
  journal = {Linguistic Analysis},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Republication: chomsky:1976b2.},
  topic = {nl-syntax;extended-std-theory;} 
  } 

@incollection{ chomsky:1976b2,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Conditions on Rules of Grammar},
  booktitle = {Essays on Form and Interpretation},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {Noam Chomsky},
  pages = {163--210},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Republication of: chomsky:1976b1.},
  topic = {nl-syntax;extended-std-theory;} 
  } 

@book{ chomsky:1977a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Essays on Form and Interpretation},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  contentnote = {TC:
	1. "Introduction", pp. 1--21
	2. "Questions of Form and Interpretation", pp. 25--59
	3. "On the Nature of Language", pp. 63--77
	4. "Conditions on Transformations", pp. 78--160
	5. "Conditions on Rules of Grammar", pp. 163--210
   } ,
  topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;extended-std-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ chomsky:1977b,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Essays on Form and Interpretation},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {Noam Chomsky},
  pages = {1--21},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nl-syntax;extended-std-theory;} 
  } 

@book{ chomsky:1981a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Lectures on Government and Binding},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Foris Publications},
  xref = {3rd edition, chomsky:1984a.},
  topic = {nl-syntax;GB-syntax;}  
 } 

@book{ chomsky:1984a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  edition = {3},
  title = {Lectures on Government and Binding},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Foris Publications},
  xref = {1st edition, chomsky:1981a.},
  topic = {nl-syntax;GB-syntax;}  
 } 

@book{ chomsky:1986a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Barriers},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-syntax;GB-syntax;}  
 } 

@book{ chomsky:1986b,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Knowledge of Language: Its Nature, Origin, and Use},
  publisher = {Praeger},
  year = {1986},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0030055539 (hardcover),  0030055520 (pbk.)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@book{ chomsky:1987a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Language and Problems of Knowledge},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {foundations-of-language;foundations-of-cognitive-science;
		philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ chomsky:1992a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Explaining Language Use},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {205--231},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ chomsky:1995a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {The Minimalist Program},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;minimalist-syntax;}  
 } 

@article{ chomsky:1995b,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {Language and Nature},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {104},
  number = {413},
  pages = {1--61},
  contentnote = {A critique of naturalist theories.},
  topic = {linguistic-naturalism;philosophy-of-language;
	philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ chomsky:2000a,
  author = {Noam Chomsky},
  title = {New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: harman:2000a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@article{ chopra-martin_e2:2002a,
  author = {Samir Chopra and Eric Martin},
  title = {Generalized Logical Consequence: Making Room for Induction 
  	in the Logic of Science},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {31},
  number = {3},
  pages = {245--280},
  topic = {logical-consequence;} 
  } 

@incollection{ chou_tsc-winslett:1991a,
  author = {Timothy S-C Chou and Marriane Winslett},
  title = {Immortal:  A Model-Based Belief Revision System},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {99--110},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;model-based-reasoning;belief-revision;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chouraqui:1984a,
  author = {Eugene Chouraqui},
  title = {Computational Models of Reasoning},
  booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects
  	of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Steve B. Torrance},
  pages = {145--155},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {AI-general;problem-solving;}  
  } 

@article{ chovil:1991a,
  author = {Nicole Chovil},
  title = {Discourse-Oriented Facial Displays in Conversation},
  journal = {Research on Language and Social Interaction},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {163--194},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {gestures;discourse;pragmatics;facial-expression;}  
  } 

@article{ chovil:1991b,
  author = {Nicole Chovil},
  title = {Social Determinants of Facial Displays},
  journal = {Journal of Nonverbal Behavior},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3},
  pages = {141--154},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {gestures;discourse;facial-expression;}  
  } 

@article{ chovil-fridlund:1991a,
  author = {Nicole Chovil and Alan J. Fridlund},
  title = {Why Emotionality Cannot Equal Sociality: Reply to
	{Buck}},
  journal = {Journal of Nonverbal Behavior},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3},
  pages = {163--167},
  year = {1991},
  xref = {Reply to buck_r:1991a.},
  topic = {gestures;discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ chow-li_jy:1997a,
  author = {Tommy W.S. Chow and Jin-Yan Li},
  title = {Higher-Order {P}etri Net Models Based on Artificial Neural
  	Networks},
  Journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {92},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {289--300},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In this paper, the properties of higher-order neural networks
     are exploited in a new class of Petri nets, called higher-order
     Petri nets (HOPN).  Using the similarities between neural
     networks and Petri nets this paper demonstrates how the
     McCullock-Pitts models and the higher-order neural networks can
     be represented by Petri nets.  A 5-tuple HOPN is defined, a
     theorem on the relationship between the potential firability of
     the goal transition and the T-invariant (HOPN) is proved and
     discussed.  The proposed HOPN can be applied to the polynomial
     clause subset of first-order predicate logic. A five-clause
     polynomial logic program example is also included to illustrate
     the theoretical results.},
  topic = {connectionist-models;Petri-nets;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ chrisman-simmons_rg:1991a,
  author= {Lonnie Chrisman and Reid G. Simmons},
  title= {Sensible Planning: Focusing Perceptual Attention},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown},
  pages = {756--761},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {planning;attention;}  
  } 

@incollection{ christ:1997a,
  author = {Oliver Christ},
  title = {Linking {W}ord{N}et to a Corpus Query System},
  booktitle = {Linguistic Databases},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {John Nerbonne},
  pages = {189--202},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {wordnet;information-retrieval;}  
  } 

@article{ christensen:1996a,
  author = {David Christensen},
  title = {Dutch-Book Arguments Depragmatized: Epistemic Consistency
  	for Partial Believers},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {93},
  number = {9},
  pages = {480--479},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;foundations-of-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ christensen:1997a,
  author = {David Christensen},
  title = {What is Relative Confirmation?},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {31},
  number = {3},
  pages = {370--384},
  topic = {confirmation-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ christensen:1999a,
  Author = {David Christensen},
  title = {Measuring Confirmation},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {9},
  pages = {437--461},
  topic = {confirmation-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ christiansen:1999a,
  author = {Henning Christiansen},
  title = {Open Theories and Abduction for
			Context and Accommodation},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {455-462},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;accommodation;abduction;}  
  } 

@article{ chucarroll-carberry:1974a,
  author = {Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Sandra Carberry},
  title = {Collaborative Response Generation in Planning Dialogues},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {355--400},
  topic = {nl-generation;collaboration;computational-dialogue;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ chucarroll-carberry_s:1994a,
  author = {Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Sandra Carberry},
  title = {A Plan-Based Model for Response Generation in Collaborative
  	Task-Oriented Dialogues},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf},
  pages = {799--805},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;plan-recognition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ chucarroll-carberry_s:1995a,
  author = {Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Sandra Carberry},
  title = {Response Generation in Collaborative Negotiation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Third Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hans Uszkoreit},
  pages = {136--143},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {discourse;plan-recognition;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ chucarroll-brown:1997a,
  author = {Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Michael K. Brown},
  title = {Initiative in Collaborative Dialogue Interactions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {262--270},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {collaboration;discourse-initiative;discourse;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ chucarroll-carpenter:1998a,
  author = {Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Bob Carpenter},
  title = {Dialogue Management in Vector-Based Call Routing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {256--262},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {spoken-dialogue-systems;call-routing;}  
} 

@article{ chucarroll-carpenter:1999a,
  author = {Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Bob Carpenter},
  title = {Vector-Based Natural Language Call Routing},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {3},
  pages = {361--388},
  topic = {speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@article{ chun_ahw-etal:2000a,
  author = {Andy Hon Wai Chun and Steve Ho Chuen Chang and Francis
  	Ming Fai Tsang and Dennis Wai Ming Yeung},
  title = {Stand-Allocation System ({\sc sas}):  A Constraint-Based
  	System Developed with Software Components},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {63--74},
  topic = {planning;software-engineering;}  
  } 

@incollection{ chung:1987a,
  author = {Sandra Chung},
  title = {The Syntax of {C}hamorro Existential},
  booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  pages = {191--225},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {(in)definiteness;Austronesian-language;existential-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ chung-etal:1995a,
  author = {Sandra Chung and William A. Ladusaw and James McCloskey},
  title = {Sluicing and Logical Form},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {239--282},
  topic = {ellipsis;LF;}  
  } 

@article{ chung:2000a,
  author = {Sandra Chung},
  title = {On Reference to Kinds in {I}ndonesian},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {157--171},
  topic = {nominal-constructions;nl-semantics;Indonesian-language;}  
  } 

@article{ church_a:1939a,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {Schr\"oder's Anticipation of the Simple Theory of Types},
  journal = {The Journal of Unified Science},
  year = {1939},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {149--152},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {history-of-logic;Frege;type-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ church_a:1940a,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {A Formulation of the Simple Theory of Types},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1940},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {56--68},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ church_a:1950a1,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {On {C}arnap's Analysis of Statements of Assertion and Belief},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1950},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {97--99},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: church_a:1950a2.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;propositions;}  
 } 

@incollection{ church_a:1950a2,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {On {C}arnap's Analysis of Statements of
          Assertion and Belief},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {129--142},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: church_a:1950a1.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ church_a:1951a,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {The Need for Abstract Entities in Semantic Analysis},
  journal = {Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences},
  year = {1951},
  volume = {80},
  pages = {100--112},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;propositional-attitudes;
  	foundations-of-semantics;intensionality;philosophical-ontology;
	intensional-transitive-verbs;}  
  } 

@incollection{ church_a:1951b,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {A Formulation of the Logic of Sense and Denotation},
  booktitle = {Structure, Method, and Meaning: Essays in Honor of
		{H}enry M. {S}cheffer},
  publisher = {Liberal Arts Press},
  year = {1951},
  editor = {Paul Henle and Horace M. Kallen and Susanne K. Langer},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {Frege;intensional-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ church_a:1951c,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {The Weak Theory of Implication},
  year = {1951},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ church_a:1953a,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {Non-Normal Truth-Tables for the Propositional Calculus},
  journal = {Boletin de la Sociedad Mathematica {M}exicana},
  year = {1953},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1,2},
  pages = {41--52},
  topic = {finite-matrix;}  
  } 

@article{ church_a:1954a,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {Intensional Isomormphism and Identity of Belief},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1954},
  volume = {5},
  number = {5},
  pages = {65--80},
  topic = {belief;hyperintensionality;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ church_a:1957a,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {Review of {\em Introduction to Logic}, by {P}atrick
  	{S}uppes},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1957},
  volume = {126},
  number = {3285},
  pages = {1250--1251},
  month = {December},
  xref = {Review of suppes:1957a.},
  topic = {logic-intro;}  
  } 

@article{ church_a:1958a,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {Symposium: Ontological Commitment},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {40},
  number = {23},
  pages = {1008--1014},
  topic = {ontological-commitment;}  
  } 

@article{ church_a:1958b,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {Logic and Analysis},
  journal = {Atti del {XII} Congresso Internazionale di Filosofia,
  	Venezia, 12-18 September, 1958},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {78--81},
  topic = {intensionality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ church_a:1962a,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {Logic, Arithmetic and Automata},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Congress of
  	Mathematicians},
  year = {1962},
  pages = {23--35},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address},
  topic = {history-of-computer-science;automata-theory;recursion-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ church_a:1964a,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {A History of the Question of Existential Import of
  	Categorial Propositions},
  booktitle = {International Congress for Logic, Methodology and
  	Philosophy of Science},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company},
  year = {1964},
  pages = {789--811},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {(non)existence;history-of-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ church_a:1968a,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {Paul {J}. {C}ohen and the Continuum Hypothesis},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of International Congress of Mathematicians},
  year = {1968},
  missinginfo = {Editor, publisher, pages, address.},
  topic = {continuum-hypothesis;set-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ church_a:1970a,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {Intensionality and the Paradox of the Name Relation},
  year = {1970},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, UCLA.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {Frege;Russell;proper-names;intensionalty;reference;}  
  } 

@article{ church_a:1973a,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {Outline of a Revised Formulation of the Logic of 
  	Sense and Denotation (Part {I})},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {24--33},
  topic = {logic-of-sense-and-denotation;Frege;} 
  } 

@article{ church_a:1974a,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {Outline of a Revised Formulation of the Logic of 
  	Sense and Denotation (Part {II})},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {135--156},
  topic = {logic-of-sense-and-denotation;Frege;} 
  } 

@article{ church_a:1976a,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {Comparison of {R}ussell's Resolution of the Semantical
		Antinomies with that of {T}arski},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {41},
  pages = {747--760},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {Russell;Tarski;ramified-type-theory;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ church_a:1980a,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {The Principle of Individuation for Propositions in the
		Logic of Principia Mathematica},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Abstract of a Lecture Given at the University of Wisconsin,
		May 2, 1980},
  topic = {ramified-type-theory;propositions;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ church_a:1981a,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {Axioms for Functional Calculi of Higher Order},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript, University of California at
		Los Angeles},
  missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ church_a:1981b,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {Outline of a Revised Version of the Logic of
		Sense and Denotation},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript, University of California at
		Los Angeles},
  missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.},
  topic = {Frege;logic-of-sense-and-denotation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ church_a:1981c,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {Russellian Simple Type Theory},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript, University of California at
		Los Angeles},
  missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;Russell;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ church_a:1981d,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {A Revised Version of the Logic of
		Sense and Denotation.  Alternative (1).},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript, University of California at
		Los Angeles},
  missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.},
  topic = {Frege;logic-of-sense-and-denotation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ church_a:1984a,
  author = {Alonzo Church},
  title = {Russell's Theory of Identity Propositions},
  year = {1984},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript, University of California at
		Los Angeles},
  missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.},
  topic = {Russell;propositions;}  
  } 

@mastersthesis{ church_kw:1980a,
  author = {Kenneth W. Church},   
  title = {On Memory Limitations in Natural Language Processing},
  school = {Electrical Engineering and Computer Science},
  year = {1980},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
 } 

@incollection{ church_kw-etal:1981a,
  author = {Kenneth W. Church and William Gale and Patrick Hanks and
     		Donald Hindle},
  title = {Parsing, Word Association, and
		Typical Predicate-Argument Relations},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  pages = {103--112},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@book{ church_kw:1983a,
  author = {Kenneth W. Church},
  title = {Phrase-Structure Parsing: A Method for Taking Advantage of
  	Allophonic Constraints},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1983},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Indiana University, Bloomington,
  	Indiana 46405},
  topic = {speech-recognition;}  
 } 

@article{ church_kw-gale_wa:1991a,
  author = {Kenneth W. Church and William Gale},
  title = {A Comparison of the Enhanced {G}ood-{T}uring and
  	Deleted Estimation Methods for Estimating Probabilities
	of {E}nglish Bigrams},
  journal = {Computer Speech and Language},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {19--54},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;frequency-estimation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ church_kw-gale:1995a,
  author = {Kenneth W. Church and William A. Gale},
  title = {Inverse Document Frequency (IDF):
      A Measure of Deviations from {P}oisson},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very
		Large Corpora},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {121--130},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ churcher-etal:1997a,
  author = {Gavin E. Churcher and Eric S. Atwell and Clive
		Souter},
  title = {A Generic Template to Evaluate Integrated
		Components in Spoken Dialogue Systems},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {9--16},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;nlp-evaluation;}  
  } 

@book{ churchland_cs-sejnowski:1992a,
  author = {Patricia S. Churchland and Terrence J. Sejnowski},
  title = {The Computational Brain},
  publisher = {Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {0262031884},
  xref = {Review: reeke:1996a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;connectionism;}  
} 

@incollection{ churchland_pm:1989a,
  author = {Paul M. Churchland},
  title = {Folk Psychology and the Explanation
       		of Human Behavior},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {225--241},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {folk-psychology;foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cicekli-korkmaz:1998a,
  author = {Ilyas Cicekli and Turgay Korkmaz},
  title = {Generation of Simple {T}urkish Sentences with
  		Systemic-Functional Grammar},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {165--173},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;systemic-grammar;Turkish-language;}  
  } 

@article{ cichowsz:1995a,
  author = {Pawel Cicocz},
  title = {Truncating Temporal Differences: On the Efficient
  	Implementation of TD($\lambda$) for Reinforcement Learning},
  journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {287--318},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
  } 

@techreport{ cimati-serafini:1993a1,
  author = {Alessandro Cimatti and Luciano Serafini},
  title = {Multiagent Reasoning with Belief Contexts: The Approach
  	and a Case Study},
  institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica},
  number = {9312--01},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Trento},
  xref = {Conference Publication: cimati-serafini:1993a2.},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;epistemic-logic;context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cimati-serafini:1993a2,
  author = {Alessandro Cimatti and Luciano Serafini},
  title = {Multiagent Reasoning with Belief Contexts: The Approach
  	and a Case Study},
  booktitle = {Intelligent Agents: Proceedings of the
  	1994 Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and
	Languages (ATAL--94)},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Michael J. Wooldrige and Nicholas R. Jennings},
  pages = {71--85},
  address = {Berlin},
  xref = {Technical Report: cimati-serafini:1993a1.},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;epistemic-logic;context;}  
  } 

@techreport{ cimati-serafini:1994a1,
  author = {Alessandro Cimatti and Luciano Serafini},
  title = {Multiagent Reasoning with Belief Contexts {II}: Elaboration
  	Tolerance},
  institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica},
  number = {9412--09},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Trento},
  xref = {Conference Publication: cimati-serafini:1994a2.},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;epistemic-logic;context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cimatti-serafini:1994a2,
  author = {Alessandro Cimatti and Luciano Serafini},
  title = {Multi-Agent Reasoning with Belief Contexts {II}:
         Elaboration Tolerance},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on
  	Multi-Agent Systems ({ICMAS}-95)},
  pages = {57--64},
  note = {Also IRST-Technical Report 9412-09, IRST, Trento, Italy.
        {\em Commonsense-96}, Third Symposium on Logical
        Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning, Stanford
        University, 1996},
  year = {1996},
  xref = {Technical Report: cimati-serafini:1994a1.},
  topic = {context;epistemic-logic;context;}  
   } 

@incollection{ cimatti-serafini:2000a,
  author = {Alessandro Cimatti and Luciano Serafini},
  title = {A Context-Based Mechanization of Multi-Agent Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum},
  pages = {65--83},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;mutual-beliefs;multimodal-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ciocoiu-nau:2000a,
  author = {Mihai Ciocoiu and Dana S. Nau},
  title = {Ontology-Based Semantics},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {539--546},
  topic = {computational-ontology;knowledge-integration;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ciorba:1996a,
  author = {Viorica Ciorba},
  title = {A Query Answering Algorithm for
          {L}ukaszewicz' General Open Default Theory},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop,
  	{Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3,
	1996.},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska},
  pages = {208--223},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {default-logic;default-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ cipria-roberts:2000a,
  author = {Alicia Cipria and Craige Roberts},
  title = {Spanish {\em Imperfecto} and {\em Pr\'eterito}:
  		Truth Conditions and {A}ktionsart Effects
		in a Situation Semantics},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {297--347},
  topic = {Spanish-language;situation-semantics;Aktionsarten;
  	tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ciskowski:2001a,
  author = {Piotr Ciskowski},
  title = {{VC}-Dimension of a Context-Dependent Perceptron},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {429--432},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;connetionist-models;}  
  } 

@article{ clancey:1983a,
  author = {William J. Clancey},
  title = {The Epistemology of a Rule-Based Expert System: a
  	Framework for Explanation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {215--251},
  xref = {Commentary: clancey:1993b.},
  topic = {kr;explanation;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ clancey:1985a,
  author = {William J. Clancey},
  title = {Heuristic Classification},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {285--350},
  xref = {Commentary: clancey:1993a.},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A broad range of well-structured problems -- embracing forms of
     diagnosis, catalog selection, and skeletal planning -- are solved
     in `expert systems' by the methods of heuristic classification.
     These programs have a characteristic inference structure that
     systematically relates data to a pre-enumerated set of solutions
     by abstraction, heuristic association, and refinement. In
     contrast with previous descriptions of classification reasoning,
     particularly in psychology, this analysis emphasizes the role of
     a heuristic in routine problem solving as a non-hierarchical,
     direct association between concepts. In contrast with other
     descriptions of expert systems, this analysis specifies the
     knowledge needed to solve a problem, independent of its
     representation in a particular computer language. The heuristic
     classification problem-solving model provides a useful framework
     for characterizing kinds of problems, for designing
     representation tools, and for understanding non-classification
     (constructive) problem-solving methods.},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-knowledge-engineering;problem-solving;
  	expert-systems;kr-course;heuristics;}  
 } 

@article{ clancey:1985b,
  author = {William J.  Clancey},
  title = {Review of {\it Conceptual Structures: Information
  	Processing in Mind and Machine}, by {J}ohn {F}. {S}owa},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {113--124},
  topic = {kr;cognitive-semantics;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ clancey-soloway:1990a,
  author = {William J. Clancey and Elliot Soloway},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and Learning Environments:
  	Preface},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {42},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--6},
  topic = {intelligent-tutoring;}  
  } 

@article{ clancey:1992a,
  author = {William J. Clancey},
  title = {Model Construction Operators},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {53},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {1--115},
  acontentnote = {Abstract: Expert systems can be viewed as programs
     that construct a model of somesystem in the world so that it can
     be assembled, repaired, controlled, etc.In contrast with most
     conventional computer programs, these models representprocesses
     and structures by relational networks. Control knowledge
     forconstructing such a model can be described as operators that
     construct agraph linking processes and structures causally,
     temporally, spatially, bysubtype, etc. From this perspective, we
     find that the terminology ofblackboard expert systems is not
     specific to a particular set of programs,but is rather a
     valuable perspective for understanding what every expertsystem
     is doing.This paper reviews different ways of describing expert
     system reasoning,emphasizing the use of simple logic, set, and
     graph notations for makingdimensional analyses of modeling
     languages and inference methods. The practical question is, how
     can we systematically develop knowledgeacquisition tools that
     capture general knowledge about types of domains andmodeling
     methods?  Examples of modeling operators from ABEL,
     CADUCEUS,NEOMYCIN, HASP, and ACCORD demonstrate how diverse
     expert system approachescan be explained and integrated by the
     model construction perspective.  Reworked examples from TEIRESIAS,
     XPLAIN, and KNACK illustrate how to writemetarules without using
     domain-specific terms, thus making explicit theirmodel
     construction nature.  Generalizing from these observations, we
     combinethe system-model and operator viewpoints to describe the
     representation ofprocesses in AI programs in terms of three
     nested levels of domain,inference, and communication modeling.
     This synthesis reveals how the use ofrelational networks in
     computer programs has evolved from programmerdescriptions of
     computational processes (such as flowcharts and
     dataflowdiagrams) to network representations that are
     constructed and manipulated by the programs themselves.
   } ,
  topic = {expert-systems;domain-modeling;knowledge-acquisition;}  
  } 

@article{ clancey:1993a,
  author = {William J. Clancey},
  title = {Notes on `Heuristic Classification'},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {191--196},
  xref = {Commentary on clancey:1985a.},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-knowledge-engineering;expert-systems;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ clancey:1993b,
  author = {William J. Clancey},
  title = {Notes on `Epistemology of a Rule-Based System'},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {197--204},
  xref = {Commentary on: clancey:1983a.},
  topic = {kr;explanation;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ clancy:1972a,
  author = {Patricia Clancy},
  title = {Analysis of a Conversation},
  journal = {Anthropological Linguistics},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {78--86},
  topic = {conversation-analysis;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ clapp:1995a,
  author = {Leonard Clapp},
  title = {How to Be Direct and Innocent: A Criticism of {C}rimmins and
  	{P}erry's Theory of Attitude Ascriptions},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {5},
  pages = {529--565},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ clapp:2001a,
  author = {Lenny Clapp},
  title = {Disjuctive Properties, Multiple Realizations},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {98},
  number = {3},
  pages = {111--136},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;disjunctive-properties;}  
  } 

@incollection{ clark-haviland:1974a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark and Susan E. Haviland},
  title = {Psychological Processes as Linguistic Explanation},
  booktitle = {Explaining Linguistic Phenomena},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {David Cohen},
  pages = {91--124},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology;
  	explanation;given-new;}  
  } 

@book{ clark_a1-toribio:1986a,
  editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribio},
  title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, {V}olume 1},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ clark_a1-toribio:1988a,
  editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribio},
  title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, {V}olume 2},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ clark_a1-toribio:1989a,
  editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribio},
  title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, {V}olume 3},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ clark_a1-toribio:1990a,
  editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribio},
  title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, {V}olume 4},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ clark_a1-toribio:1990b,
  editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribio},
  title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, {V}olume 5},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ clark_a1-toribio:1991a,
  editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribio},
  title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, {V}olume 6},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ clark_a1-etal:1996a,
  editor = {Andy Clark and Jes\'us Ezquerro and Jes\'us M. Larrazabal},
  title = {Philosophy and Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {cognitive-science-general;}  
 } 

@article{ clark_a1:1998a,
  author = {Andy Clark},
  title = {Time and Mind},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {95},
  number = {7},
  pages = {354--376},
  xref = {A reply to vangelder_t:1995a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;}  
  } 

@book{ clark_a1-toribio:1998d,
  editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribio},
  title = {Machine Intelligence: Perspectives on the Computational Model},
  Publisher = {Garland Publishing},
  year = {1998},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0815327684},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1.  A.M. Turing , "Computing Machinery and Intelligence"
     2.  John Haugeland, "Semantic Engines: An Introduction to Mind
     		Design"
     3.  John R. Searle, "Mind, brains, and programs"
     4.  Stevan Harnad, "Symbol Grounding Problem"
     5.  Paul M.  Churchland and Patricia Smith Churchland, "Could a
     		Machine Think?"
     6.  David J. Chalmers, "On Implementing a Computation"
     7.  Allen Newell, "You Can't Play 20 Questions with
     		Nature and Win: Projective Comments on the Papers of
		this Symposium"
     8.  David Marr, "Artificial Intelligence: A Personal View"
     9.  George N. Reeke, Jr. and Gerald M. Edelman, "Real Brains and
     		Artificial Intelligence"
    10.  Hubert L. Dreyfus and Stuart E. Dreyfus, "Making a Mind
    		Versus Modeling the Brain: Artificial Intelligence
		Back at a Branchpoint"
    11.  David Israel and John Perry, "What Is Information?"
    12.  David Kirsh, "When is Information Explicitly Represented?"
    13.  Fred Dretske, "Machines and the mental", pp.
    14.  Daniel C. Dennett.  "Ways of Establishing Harmony"
  } ,
  topic = {foundations-of-cogsci;}  
 } 

@book{ clark_a1-toribo:1998a,
  editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribo},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science: Machine
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {Garland Publishing},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {1},
  address = {Levittown, Pennsylvania},
  ISBN = {0815327684},
  topic = {cognitive-science-survey;philosophy-AI;AI-survey;}  
 } 

@book{ clark_a1-toribo:1998b,
  editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribo},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science: Cognitive
  	Architectures in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Garland Publishing},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {2},
  address = {Levittown, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {cognitive-science-survey;cognitive-architectures;}  
 } 

@book{ clark_a1-toribo:1998c,
  editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribo},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science: Consciousness
  	and Emotion in Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {Garland Publishing},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {3},
  address = {Levittown, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {cognitive-science-survey;consciousness;emotion;}  
 } 

@book{ clark_a1-toribo:1998d,
  editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribo},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science: Language
  	and Meaning in Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {Garland Publishing},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {4},
  address = {Levittown, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {cognitive-science-survey;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ clark_a2:2000a,
  author = {Alexander Clark},
  title = {Inducing Syntactic Categories by Context
            Distribution Clustering},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {91--94},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;syntactic-categories;grammar-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ clark_b:1993a,
  author = {Billy Clark},
  title = {Relevance and `Pseudo-Imperatives'},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {1},
  pages = {79--121},
  topic = {indirect-speech-acts;pseudo-imperatives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ clark_hh-haviland_s:1974a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark and S. Haviland},
  title = {Comprehension and the Given-New Contract},
  booktitle = {Discourse Production and Comprehension},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {R. Freedle},
  pages = {1--40},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {given-new;discourse;pragmatics;psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ clark_hh:1975a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark},
  title = {Bridging},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Roger Schank and Bonnie Nash-Webber},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;discourse;discourse-structure;
  	nm-ling;pragmatics;bridging-anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ clark_hh-lucy:1975a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark and P. Lucy},
  title = {Understanding What is Meant From What is Said: A Study in
  	Conversationally Conveyed Requests},
  journal = {Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {56--72},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {speech-acts;speaker-meaning;pragmatics;psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@book{ clark_hh-clark_e:1977a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark and Eve Clark},
  title = {Psychology and Language, an Introduction to
  	Psycholinguistics},
  publisher = {Harcourt Brace Jovanovich},
  year = {1977},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Review: dahl_o-linell:1980a.},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ clark_hh:1979a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark},
  title = {Responding to Indirect Speech Acts},
  journal = {Cognitive Psychology},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {430--477},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {indirect-speech-acts;pragmatics;psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ clark_hh-marshall:1981a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark and Catherine R. Marshall},
  title = {Definite Reference and Mutual Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Elements of Discourse Understanding},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Bonnie Webber and Ivan Sag},
  pages = {10--63},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Revised version in clark:1992a.},
  topic = {reference;discourse;mutual-belief;pragmatics;
  	psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ clark_hh-carlson:1982a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark and Thomas B. Carlson},
  title = {Speech Acts and Hearer's Beliefs},
  booktitle = {Mutual Knowledge},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {1--36},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Revised version in clark:1992a.},
  topic = {discourse;mutual-beliefs;pragmatics;psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ clark_hh-carlson:1982b,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark and Thomas B. Carlson},
  title = {Hearers and Speech Acts},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {58},
  pages = {332--373},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republished in clark_hh:1992a.},
  topic = {speech-acts;discourse;participant-roles;psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ clark_hh:1983a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark},
  title = {Making Sense of Nonce Sense},
  booktitle = {The Process of Language Understanding},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {G.B. Flores d'Arcais and R.J. Jarvella},
  pages = {297--331},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Republished in clark_hh:1992a.},
  topic = {nonce-sense;pragmatics;psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ clark_hh-etal:1983a,
  author = {Herbert H. CLark and R. Schreuder and S. Buttrick},
  title = {Common Ground and the Understanding of Demonstrative
  	Utterance},
  journal = {Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {245--258},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  xref = {Republished in clark_hh:1992a.},
  topic = {reference;discourse;mutual-belief;pragmatics;
  	deixis;demonstratives;conversational-record;psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ clark_hh-gerrig:1983a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark and R.J. Gerrig},
  title = {Understanding Old Words with New Meanings},
  journal = {Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {591--608},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {nonce-sense;semantic-change;psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ clark_hh-gerrig:1984a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark and R.J. Gerrig},
  title = {On the Pretense of Irony},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: General},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {113},
  number = {1},
  pages = {121--126},
  topic = {irony;cognitive-psychology;psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ clark_hh-wilkesgibbs:1986a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark and D. Wilkes-Gibbs},
  title = {Referring as a Collaborative Process},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {1--39},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {reference;collaboration;discourse;pragmatics;
  	psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ clark_hh:1987a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark},
  title = {Relevant to What?},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {714--715},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {implicature;relevance;psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ clark_hh-schaefer:1987a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark and Edward F. Schaefer},
  title = {Concealing One's Meaning from Overhearers},
  journal = {Journal of Memory and Language},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {209--225},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republished in clark_hh:1992a.},
  topic = {discourse;collaboration;pragmatics;participant-roles;
  	psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ clark_hh-schaefer:1989a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark and Edward F. Schaefer},
  title = {Contributing to Discourse},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {259--294},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republished in clark_hh:1992a.},
  topic = {discourse;collaboration;pragmatics;psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ clark_hh-schober:1989a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark and Michael Schober},
  title = {Understanding by Addressees and Overhearers},
  journal = {Cognitive Psychology},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {211--232},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republished in clark_hh:1992a.},
  topic = {discourse;collaboration;pragmatics;participant-roles;
  	psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ clark_hh:1991b,
  author = {Herbert H. CLark},
  title = {Words, the World, and Their Possibilities},
  booktitle = {The Perception of Structure},
  publisher = {Americal Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Gregory R. Lockhead and James R. Pomerantz},
  address = {Washington, {DC}},
  xref = {Republished in clark_hh:1992a.},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ clark_hh-brennan:1991a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark and Susan E. Brennan},
  title = {Grounding in Communication},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {127--149},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@book{ clark_hh:1992a,
  author = {Herbert Clark},
  title = {Arenas of Language Use},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Chicago},
  contentnote = {TC:
       1. "Definite Reference and Mutual Knowledge"
       2. "Context for Comprehension"
       3. "Common Ground and the Understanding of Demonstrative
       		Reference"
       4. "Referring as a Collaborative Process"
       5. "Contributing to Discourse"
       6. "Understanding by Addressees and Overhearers"
       7. "Hearers and Speech Acts"
       8. "Dealing with Overhearers"
       9. "Concealing One's Meaning from Overhearers"
      10. "Making Sense of Nonce Sense"
      11. "Understanding Old Words with New Meanings"
      12. "Words, the World, and Their Possibilities"
  	},
  topic = {mutual-beliefs;coord-in-conversation;discourse;
  	pragmatics;psychology-of-discourse;}  
 } 

@incollection{ clark_hh-carlson:1992a,
  author = {Herbert Clark and Thomas B. Carlson},
  title = {Context for Comprehension},
  booktitle = {Attention and Performance {IX}},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {313--330},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  xref = {Republished in clark:1992a.},
  topic = {discourse;context;pragmatics;psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@book{ clark_hh:1996a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark},
  title = {Using Language},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  contentnote = {TC:
        0. Introduction
  	1. Language Use
  	2. Joint Activities
  	3. Joint Actions
  	4. Common Ground
  	5. Meaning and Understanding
  	6. Signaling
  	7. Joint Projects
  	8. Grounding
  	9. Utterances
       10. Joint Commitment
       11. Conversation
       12. Layering
       13. Conclusion
  	},
  topic = {pragmatics;psychology-of-discourse;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ clark_hh:1999a,
  author = {Herbert H. Clark},
  title = {How Do Real People Communicate with
			Virtual Partners?},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {43--47},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;HCI;psychology-of-discourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ clark_kl:1978a1,
  author = {Keith L. Clark},
  title = {Negation as Failure},
  booktitle = {Logic and Data Bases},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {H. Gallaire and Jack Minker},
  pages = {293--322},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  xref = {Republication: clark_kl:1978a1.},
  topic = {logic-programming;negation-as-failure;}  
  } 

@incollection{ clark_kl:1978a2,
  author = {Keith L. Clark},
  title = {Negation as Failure},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {311--325},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original publication: clark_kl:1978a2.},
  topic = {logic-programming;negation-as-failure;}  
  } 

@book{ clark_kl-tarnlund:1982a,
  editor = {Keith L. Clark and Sten-{\AA}ke T{\aa}rnlund},
  title = {Logic Programming},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1982},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0121755207},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
 } 

@article{ clark_m:1980a,
  author = {Michael Clark},
  title = {The Equivalence of Tautological and `Strict' Entailment
  	Proof of an Amended Conjecture of {L}ewy's},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {9--15},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ clark_p-etal:2000a,
  author = {Peter Clark and John Thompson and Bruce Porter},
  title = {Knowledge Patterns},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {591--600},
  topic = {knowledge-acquisition;knowledge-engineering;
  	macro-formalization;}  
  } 

@article{ clark_r1:1965a,
  author = {Romane Clark},
  title = {On What is Naturally Necessary},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {21},
  pages = {613--625},
  xref = {Commentary: buck_rc:1965a, achinstein:1965a.},
  topic = {ceteris-paribus-generalizations;natural-laws;causality;
  	nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ clark_r1:1986a,
  author = {Romane Clark},
  title = {Predication and Paronymous Modifiers},
  journal = {Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {376--392},
  topic = {nl-semantics;adverbs;} 
  } 

@incollection{ clark_r1:1992a,
  author = {Ron Clark},
  title = {Reflection and Truth},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {73--84},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;semantic-reflection;}  
  } 

@incollection{ clark_r1-kurtonina:1999a,
  author = {Robin Clark and Natasha Kurtonina},
  title = {Consequences from {Q}uine},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {91--95},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {combinatory-logic;switch-reference;}  
  } 

@article{ clark_r2:1970a,
  author = {Romane Clark},
  title = {Concerning the Logic of Predicate Modifiers},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {311--335},
  topic = {adverbs;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ clark_r2:1973a,
  author = {Romane Clark},
  title = {Prima Facie Generalizations},
  booktitle = {Conceptual Change},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Glenn Pearce and Patrick Maynard},
  pages = {42--54},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {ceteris-paribus-generalizations;generics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ clark_r2:1981a,
  author = {Romane Clark},
  title = {When Is a Fallacy Valid?  Reflections on Backward Reasoning},
  year = {1970},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University.},
  topic = {abduction;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ clarke_b:1981a,
  author = {Bowman L. Clarke},
  title = {A Calculus of Individuals Based on `Connection'\, } ,
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {204--218},
  topic = {mereology;spatial-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ clarke_b:1985a,
  author = {Bowman L. Clarke},
  title = {Individuals and Points},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {61--75},
  topic = {mereology;spatial-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ clarke_dd:1983a,
  author = {David D. Clarke},
  title = {Language and Action: A Structural Model of Behaviour},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
} 

@book{ clarke_ds:1985a,
  author = {David S. {Clarke, Jr.}},
  title = {Practical Inferences},
  publisher = {Routledge \& Kegan Paul},
  year = {1996},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0710204159},
  topic = {practical-reason;}  
 } 

@article{ clarke_em-etal:1986a,
  author = {E.M. Clarke and E.A. Emerson and A.P. Sistla},
  title = {Automatic Verification of Finite-State Concurrent Systems
  	Using Temporal Logic Specifications},
  journal = {{ACM} Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {244--263},
  topic = {temporal-logic;program-verification;}  
  } 

@book{ clarke_em-etal:1999a,
  author = {Edmund M. Clarke and Orna Grumberg and Doron A. Peled},
  title = {Model Checking},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262032708},
  topic = {model-checking;program-verification;}  
 } 

@incollection{ clarke_n-wilson_w:1991a,
  author = {Mike Clarke and Nic Wilson},
  title = {Efficient Algorithms for Belief Functions Based on the
  	Relationship Between Belief and Probability},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {48--52},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ clarke_r:2000a,
  author = {Randolph Clarke},
  title = {Modest Libertarianism},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {21--45},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
  } 

@article{ clausing:2002a,
  author = {Thorsten Clausing},
  title = {A Syntactic Framework with Probabilistic Beliefs and
  	Conditionals for the Analysis of Strategic Form Games},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {335--348},
  topic = {game-theory;conditionals;epistemic-logic;probability-semantics;} 
  } 

@book{ clavel:2000a,
  author = {Manuel Clavel},
  title = {Reflection in Rewriting Logic: Metalogical Foundations and
  	Metaprogramming Applications},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {1575862379},
  topic = {metaprogramming;}  
 } 

@article{ claybrook:1976a,
  author = {Billy G. Claybrook},
  title = {A New Approach to the Symbolic Factorization of
  	Multivariate Polynomials},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {203--241},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A heuristic factorization scheme that uses learning and other
     heuristic programming techniques to improve the efficiency of
     determining the symbolic factorization of multivariate
     polynomials with integer coefficients and an arbitrary number of
     variables and terms is described.  The learning program,
     POLYFACT, in which the factorization scheme is implemented is
     also described.  POLYFACT uses learning through the dynamic
     construction and manipulation of first-order predicate calculus
     heuristics to reduce the amount of searching for the irreducible
     factors of a polynomial.
      Tables containing the results of factoring randomly generated
     multivariate polynomials are presented: (1) to demonstrate that
     learning does improve considerably the efficiency of factoring
     polynomials and (2) to show that POLYFACT does learn from
     previous experience.
      The factorization times of polynomials factored by both the
     scheme implemented in POLYFACT and Wang's implementation of
     Berlekamp's algorithm are given. The two algorithms are
     compared, and two situations where POLYFACT's algorithm can be
     used to improve the efficiency of Wang's algorithm are
     discussed.  } ,
  topic = {machine-learning;search;algebraic-computation;}  
  } 

@article{ clearwater-hogg:1996a,
  author = {Scott H. Clearwater and Tad Hogg},
  title = {Problem Structure Heuristics and Scaling Behavior for
		Generic Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {81},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {327--347},
  topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;
  	computational-phase-transitions;}  
  } 

@book{ cleave:1991a,
  author = {John P. Cleave},
  title = {A Study of Logics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
} 

@book{ clemen:1995a,
  author = {Robert T. Clemen},
  title = {Making Hard Decisions: An Introduction to Decision
  	Analysis},
  publisher = {Duxbury Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Pacific Grove, California},
  topic = {decision-theoretic-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ clementini-etal:1997a,
  author = {Eliseo Clementini and Paolino Di Felice and Daniel
  	Hern\'andez},
  title = {Qualitative Representation of Positional Information},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {95},
  number = {2},
  pages = {317--356},
  topic = {qualitative-reasoning;spatial-reasoning;spatial-representation;}  
  } 

@book{ cleveland:1997a,
  author = {Timothy Cleveland},
  title = {Trying without Willing: An Essay in the Philosophy of
  	Mind},
  publisher = {Ashgate Publishing},
  year = {19},
  address = {Aldershot},
  xref = {Review: roth:2000a.},
  topic = {volition;action;}  
 } 

@book{ clocksin-mellish:1987a,
  author = {William F. Clocksin and Christopher S. Mellish},
  title = {Programming in Prolog},
  edition = {3},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {Prolog;}  
 } 

@book{ clocksin-mellish:1994a,
  author = {William F. Clocksin and Christopher S. Mellish},
  title = {Programming in Prolog},
  edition = {4},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {Prolog;}  
 } 

@article{ clowes:1970a,
  author = {M.B. Clowes},
  title = {On Seeing Things},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {79--116},
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
  } 

@book{ coates:1983a,
  author = {J. Coates},
  title = {The Semantics of the Modal Auxiliaries},
  publisher = {Croom Helm},
  year = {1983},
  address = {London},
  topic = {modal-auxiliaries;nl-modality;lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ cocchiarella:1971a,
  author = {Nino Cocchiarella},
  title = {A New Formulation of Predicative Second Order Logic},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {17},
  number = {65--66},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {predicativity;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ cocchiarella:1975a,
  author = {Nino B. Cocchiarella},
  title = {On the Primary and Secondary Semantics for Logical Necessity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13--27},
  topic = {modal-logic;analyticity;}  
  } 

@article{ cocchiarella:1981a,
  author = {Nino Cocchiarella},
  title = {Review of {\it Pragmatics, Truth, and Language}, by
  	{R}ichard {M}. {M}artin},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {453--466},
  xref = {Review of martin_rm1:1979a.},
  topic = {nominalism;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ cocchiarella:1982a,
  author = {Nino Cocchiarella},
  title = {Meinong Reconstructed {\it Versus} Early {R}ussell
  	Reconstructed},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {183--214},
  note = {Review of \cite{parsons_t2:1980a}.},
  topic = {Russell;Meinong;(non)existence;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ cocchiarella:1984a,
  author = {Nino Cocchiarella},
  title = {Frege, {R}ussell and Logicism: A Logical Reconstruction},
  year = {1984},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {Frege;Russell;logicism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cocchiarella:1984b,
  author = {Nino B. Cocchiarella},
  title = {Philosophical Perspectives on Quantification in Tense and
  	Modal Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}:
  	Extensions of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {309--353},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;}  
 } 

@article{ cocchiarella:1985a,
  author = {Nino Cocchiarella},
  title = {Frege's Double Correlation Thesis and {Q}uine's Set
		Theories {NF} and {ML}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--39},
  topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ cocchiarella:1986a,
  author = {Nino B. Cocchiarella},
  title = {Conceptualism, Ramified Logic, and Nominalized Predicates},
  journal = {Topoi},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {75--87},
  topic = {predication;ramified-type-theory;nominalization;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cocchiarella:1986b,
  author = {Nino B. Cocchiarella},
  title = {Frege, {R}ussell, and Logicism:  A Logical Reconstruction},
  booktitle = {Frege Synthesized},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Leila Haaparanta and Jaakko Hintikka},
  pages = {197--252},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {Frege;Russell;logicism;}  
  } 

@article{ cocchiarella:1988a,
  author = {Nino B. Cocchiarella},
  title = {Predication Versus Membership in the Distinction
  	between Logic as Language and Logic as Calculus},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {77},
  number = {1},
  pages = {37--72},
  topic = {predication;foundations-of-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ cocchiarella:1990a,
  author = {Nino B. Cocchiarella},
  title = {Logical Investigations of Predication Theory and
  	the Problem of Universals},
  publisher = {Humanities Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey},
  xref = {Review: williamson_t:1990c.},
  topic = {metaphysics;philosophical-realism;}  
 } 

@article{ cocchiarella:2002a,
  author = {Nino Cocchiarella},
  title = {On the Logic of Classes as Many},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {70},
  number = {2},
  pages = {303--338},
  topic = {pluralities;Russell;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ code:1972a,
  author = {Alan Code},
  title = {Contingent Identity in {A}ristotle's {\em Metaphysics}},
  year = {1972},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.},
  topic = {identity;individuation;Aristotle;metapysics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ code:1975a,
  author = {Alan Code},
  title = {The Persistence of {A}ristotlian Matter},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {identity;individuation;Aristotle;metapysics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ code:1976a1,
  author = {Alan Code},
  title = {Aristotle's Response to {Q}uine's Objections to Modal Logic},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {Aristotle;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@article{ code:1976a2,
  author = {Alan Code},
  title = {Aristotle's Response to {Q}uine's Objections to Modal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {159--186},
  xref = {Publication of: code:1976a1.},
  title = {Aristotle on Future Contingencies and Truth-Value Gaps},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  title = {Aristotle on the Sameness of Each Thing with Its Essence},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {Aristotle;metaphysics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ code:1982a,
  author = {Alan Code},
  title = {On the Origin of some Aristotelian Theses about Predication},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {Aristotle;metaphysics;predication;}  
  } 

@incollection{ code:1986a,
  author = {Alan Code},
  title = {Aristotle:  Essence and Accident},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {410--439},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {Aristotle;essentialism;}  
  } 

@article{ coenen:1993a,
  author = {J. Coenen},
  title = {Top-Down Development of Layered Fault-Tolerant
	Systems and Its Problems---A Deoptic Perspective},
  journal = {Annalss of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {133--150},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {deontic-logic;software-engineering;}  
  } 

@book{ coffa:1991a,
  author = {J. Alberto Coffa},
  title = {The Semantic Tradition from {K}ant
  	to {C}arnap: to the {V}ienna Station},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: ryckman:1993a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;logical-positivism;
  	history-of-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ coffey-atkinson:1998a,
  author = {Amanda Coffey and Paul Atkinson},
  title = {Making Sense of Qualitative Data},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {qualitative-methods;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ cohan:2000a,
  author = {Jocelyn Cohan},
  title = {The Realization and Function of Focus in Spoken
  	{E}nglish},
  school = {The University of Texas at Austin},
  year = {2000},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Austin},
  topic = {sentence-focus;}  
 } 

@incollection{ cohan:2001a,
  author = {Jocelyn Cohan},
  title = {Consider the Alternatives:  Focus in Contrast
     		and Context},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {102--115},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;sentence-focus;alternatives;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ cohen_a:1996a,
  author = {Ariel Cohen},
  title = {Think Generic!  The Meaning and Use of Generic Sentences},
  school = {Department of Philosophy, Carnegie Mellon University},
  year = {1996},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {generics;}  
 } 

@article{ cohen_a:1999a,
  author = {Ariel Cohen},
  title = {Generics, Frequency Adverbs, and Probability},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {221--253},
  topic = {generics;nl-semantics;probability;}  
  } 

@article{ cohen_a:2000a,
  author = {Ariel Cohen},
  title = {The King of France Is, in Fact, Bald},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {255--290},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ cohen_a:2001a,
  author = {Ariel Cohen},
  title = {Relative Bindings of `Many', `Often', and Generics},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--67},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ cohen_a-erteschikshir:2002a,
  author = {Ariel Cohen and Nomi Erteschik-Shir},
  title = {Topic, Focus, and the Interpretation of Bare Plurals},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {125--165},
  topic = {plural;nl-semantics;sentence-focus;generics;} 
  } 

@article{ cohen_b:1977a,
  author = {Brian L. Cohen},
  title = {The Mechanical Discovery of Certain Problem Symmetries},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {119--131},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper presents several methods for analysing finite state
     problems to discover certain types of symmetry. The methods are
     based on techniques used in Sequential Machine Theory,
     especially the use of partitions that have the Substitution
     Property.  Amarel's investigations of a type of time-reverse
     symmetry have also been extended to a wider class of problems.
     All the symmetries discussed enable substantial savings in
     search effort to be obtained by effectively reducing the size of
     the search space.},
  topic = {search;symmetry;}  
  } 

@article{ cohen_bl:1977b,
  author = {Brian L. Cohen},
  title = {A Powerful and Efficient Structural Pattern Recognition
  	System},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {223--255},
  topic = {pattern-matching;}  
  } 

@book{ cohen_d:1974a,
  editor = {David Cohen},
  title = {Explaining Linguistic Phenomena},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1974},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Gerald A. Sanders, "Introduction: Issues of Explanation in
		Linguistics", pp. 1--41
  	2. Fred I. Dretske, "Explanation in Linguistics", pp. 21--41
  	3. Larry Hutchinson, "Grammar as Theory", pp. 43--73
  	4. Harry A. Whitaker, "Is the Grammar in the Brain?", pp. 75--89
  	5. Herbert H. Clark and Susan E. Haviland, "Psychological
		Processes as Linguistic Explanation", pp. 91--124
  	6. Ray C. Dougherty, "What Explanation Is and Isn't", pp. 125--151
  	7. Emmon Bach, "Explanatory Adequacy", pp. 153--171
        8. Thomas G. Bever, "The Ascent of the Specious, or, There's
		a Lot We Don't Know about Mirrors", pp. 173--200  } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology;}  
 } 

@book{ cohen_d-worth:1977a,
  editor = {David Cohen and Jessica Worth},
  title = {Testing Linguistic Hypotheses},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  address = {New York},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Jon D. Ringen, "Linguistic Facts: A Study of the Empirical
		Scientific Status of Transformational Generative
		Grammars"
  	2. Victoria A. Fromkin, "When Does a Test Count as a
		Hypothesis, or, What Counts as Evidence?"
  	3. Donald J. Foss and David Fay, "Linguistic Theory
		and Performance Models"
  	4. Stephen P. Stich, "Competence and Indeterminacy"
  	5. D. Terence Langendoen, "Acceptable Conclusions from
		Unacceptable Ambiguity"
  	6. Arnold Zwicky, "Settling on an Underlying Form: The
		{E}nglish Inflectional Endings"
  	7. Paul Kiparsky, "What Are Phonological Theories about?"
  	8. Jessica R. Wirth, "Logical Considerations in the Testing
		of Linguistic Hypotheses"
  } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ cohen_dh:1991a,
  author = {Daniel H. Cohen},
  title = {Conditionals, Quantification, and Strong Mathematical Induction},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {315--326},
  topic = {relevance-logic;mathematical-induction;}  
  } 

@article{ cohen_e:1994a,
  author = {Edward Cohen},
  title = {Computational Theory for Interpreting Handwritten Text in
  	Constrained Domains},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--31},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper describes a computational theory for automatic
     interpretation of off-line handwritten text that is constrained
     in content and structure.  Interpreting text is regarded as
     converting the textual content into a predefined symbolic
     representation.  Content constraints are lexicons associated
     with syntactic categories, and known relationships (e.g.,
     semantics, world knowledge) between phrases in different
     syntactic categories.  Structural constraints describe the
     text's two-dimensional phrase layout (e.g., the phrase's
     position in a text line). Writing style is assumed to be
     unconstrained (i.e., what is normally encountered in practice).
      Handwritten interpretation problems in this class include
     determining delivery point codes from addresses, amounts from
     bank checks, and drug and dosage from drug prescriptions. In
     this paper, a computational theory, including algorithm and
     implementation examples, describes the problem class and a
     solution.},
  topic = {computational-reading;}  
  } 

@book{ cohen_j-stewart_i:1994a,
  author = {Jack Cohen and Ian Stewart},
  title = {The Collapse of Chaos: Discovering Simplicity in a Complex
    World},
  publisher = {Viking},
  year = {1994},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0670849839},
  topic = {chaos-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ cohen_lj:1964a1,
  author = {{L. Jonathan} Cohen},
  title = {Do Illocutionary Forces Exist?},
  journal = {Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {14},
  missinginfo = {number, pages},
  xref = {Reprinted in fann:1969a; see cohen_lj:1964a2},
  topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cohen_lj:1964a2,
  author = {{L. Jonathan} Cohen},
  title = {Do Illocutionary Forces Exist?},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {420--444},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cohen_lj:1971a,
  author = {L. Jonathan Cohen},
  title = {Some Remarks on {G}rice's Views about the Logical
  	Particles of Natural Language},
  booktitle = {Pragmatics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  pages = {50--68},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophy-of-logic;pragmatics;Grice;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cohen_lj-margalit:1972a,
  author = {L. Jonathan Cohen and Avishai Margalit},
  title = {The Role of Inductive Reasoning in the Interpretation of
  	Metaphor},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {722--740},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {metaphor;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cohen_lj:1976a,
  author = {L. Jonathan Cohen},
  title = {How Empirical is Contemporary Logical Empiricism?},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {359--376},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logical-empiricism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cohen_lj:1979a,
  author = {L. Jonathan Cohen},
  title = {The Semantics of Metaphor},
  booktitle = {Metaphor and Thought},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Andrew Ortony},
  pages = {64--77},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ cohen_lj-hesse:1980a,
  editor = {L. Jonathan Cohen and Mary Hesse},
  title = {Applications Of Inductive Logic: Proceedings Of a
  	Conference at the Queen's College, Oxford, 21--24 August 1978},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {019824584X},
  topic = {inductive-logic;} 
 } 

@book{ cohen_lj:1982a,
  editor = {L. Jonathan Cohen},
  title = {Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science {VI}:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Logic,
	Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, {H}annover, 1979},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444854231 (Elsevier North-Holland)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@book{ cohen_lj:1995a,
  author = {L. Jonathan Cohen},
  title = {An Essay on Belief and Acceptance},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {belief;}  
 } 

@article{ cohen_md-etal:1972a,
  author = {M.D. Cohen and J.G. March and J.P. Olsen},
  title = {A Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice},
  journal = {Administrative Science Quarterly},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {1--25},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {decision-making;management-science;}  
  } 

@article{ cohen_pr1-perrault:1979a1,
  author = {Philip R. Cohen and C. Raymond Perrault},
  title = {Elements of a Plan-Based Theory of Speech Acts},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {177--212},
  topic = {speech-acts;planning;discourse;speech-acts;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cohen_pr1-perrault:1979a2,
  author = {Philip Cohen and C. Raymond Perrault},
  title = {Elements of a Plan-Based
          Theory of Speech Acts},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {478--495},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: cohen_pr1-perrault:1979a1.},
  topic = {speech-acts;planning;discourse;speech-acts;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cohen_pr1-levesque:1980a,
  author = {Philip R. Cohen and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Speech Acts and the Recognition of Shared Plans},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1980 Meeting of the
  	Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  pages = {263--271},
  organization = {Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;plan-recognition;}  
 } 

@article{ cohen_pr1:1984a,
  author = {Philip R. Cohen},
  title = {The Pragmatics of Referring and the Modality of Communication},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {97--125},
  topic = {discourse-planning;referring-expressions;plan-recognition;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cohen_pr1-levesque:1985a,
  author = {Philip R. Cohen and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Speech Acts and Rationality},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {William Mann},
  pages = {49--59},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Morristown, New Jersey},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ cohen_pr1-levesque:1986a1,
  author = {Philip R. Cohen and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Persistence, Intention, and Commitment},
  booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky},
  pages = {297--340},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republished. See cohen_p-levesque:1986a2.},
  topic = {intention;practical-reasoning;foundations-of-planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cohen_pr1-levesque:1986a2,
  author = {Philip R. Cohen and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Persistence, Intention, and Commitment},
  booktitle = {Intentions in Communication},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack},
  pages = {33--69},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Previously published in cohen-levesque:1986a1.},
  topic = {intention;practical-reasoning;foundations-of-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ cohen_pr1-levesque:1990a,
  author = {Philip R. Cohen and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Intention Is Choice With Commitment},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {42},
  number = {3},
  pages = {213--261},
  topic = {intention;practical-reasoning;foundations-of-planning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ cohen_pr1-levesque:1990b,
  author = {Philip R. Cohen and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Rational Interaction as the Basis for Communication},
  booktitle = {Intentions in Communication},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Philip Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack},
  pages = {221--255},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {discourse;foundations-of-pragmatics;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cohen_pr2-etal:1981a,
  author = {Philip R. Cohen and C. Raymond Perrault and James
	F. Allen},
  title = {Beyond Question Answering},
  booktitle = {Strategies for Natural Language Processing},
  editor = {Wendy Lehnert and M. Ringle},
  pages = {245--274},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {pragmatics;nl-interpretation;}  
 } 

@book{ cohen_pr2-etal:1990a,
  title = {Intentions in Communication},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {pragmatics;nl-understanding;}  
 } 

@book{ cohen_pr2:1995a,
  author = {Paul R. Cohen},
  title = {Empirical Methods for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Reviews: kibler:1999a, gent-walsh_t:1999a.},
  topic = {experimental-AI;}  
 } 

@article{ cohen_r1:1987a,
  author = {Robin Cohen},
  title = {Analyzing the Structure of Argumentative Discourse},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {11--24},
  topic = {argumentation;discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cohen_r1-jones_m:1989a,
  author = {Robin Cohen and Marlene Jones},
  title = {Incorporating User Models into Expert Systems for
	Educational Diagnosis},
  booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {313--333},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {user-modeling;intelligent-tutoting;}  
 } 

@incollection{ cohen_r2-etal:1979a,
  author = {Rudolf Cohen and Stephanie Kelter and Gerhild Woll},
  title = {Conceptual Impairment in Aphasia},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {353--363},
  topic = {aphasia;}  
  } 

@article{ cohen_s:1964a,
  author = {Stewart Cohen},
  title = {Knowledge and Context},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {83},
  number = {10},
  pages = {574--583},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;knowledge;context;skepticism;} 
  } 

@article{ cohen_s:1986a,
  author = {Stewart Cohen},
  title = {On Knowledge and Context},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {83},
  number = {10},
  pages = {574--583},
  topic = {knowledge;propositional-attitudes;context;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ cohen_ww-etal:1992a,
  author = {William W. Cohen and Alex Borgida and Haym Hirsh},
  title = {Computing Least Common Subsumers in Description Logics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
             Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
  pages = {754--761},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;classifier-algorithms;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
 } 

@article{ cohen_ww:1994a,
  author = {William W. Cohen},
  title = {Grammatically Biased Learning: Learning Logic Programs
	 Using an Explicit Antecedent Description Language},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {68},
  number = {2},
  pages = {303--366},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Every concept learning system produces hypotheses that are
     written in some sort of constrained language called the concept
     description language, and for most learning systems, the concept
     description language is fixed.  This paper describes a learning
     system that makes a large part of the concept description
     language an explicit input, and discusses some of the possible
     applications of providing this additional input.  In particular,
     we discuss a technique for learning a logic program such that
     the antecedent of each clause in the program can be generated by
     a special antecedent description language; it is shown that this
     technique can be used to make use of many different types of
     background knowledge, including constraints on how predicates
     can be used, programming clichés, overgeneral theories,
     incomplete theories, and theories syntactically close to the
     target theory.  The approach thus unifies many of the problems
     previously studied in the field of knowledge-based learning.},
  topic = {concept-learning;Horn-clause-abduction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cohen_ww-hirsh:1994a,
  author = {William W. Cohen and Haym Hirsh},
  title = {Learning the Classical Description Logic: Theoretical
  	and Experimental Results},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {121--133},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;machine-learning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ cohen_ww:1995a,
  author = {William W. Cohen},
  title = {Pac-Learning Non-Recursive {P}rolog Clauses},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {79},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--38},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Recently there has been an increasing amount of research on
     learning concepts expressed in subsets of Prolog; the term
     inductive logic programming (ILP) has been used to describe this
     growing body of research.  This paper seeks to expand the
     theoretical foundations of ILP by investigating the
     pac-learnability of logic programs. We focus on programs
     consisting of a single function-free non-recursive clause, and
     focus on generalizations of a language known to be
     pac-learnable: namely, the language of determinate function-free
     clauses of constant depth.  We demonstrate that a number of
     syntactic generalizations of this language are hard to learn,
     but that the language can be generalized to clauses of constant
     locality while still allowing pac-learnability. More
     specifically, we first show that determinate clauses of log
     depth are not pac-learnable, regardless of the language used to
     represent hypotheses. We then investigate the effect of allowing
     indeterminacy in a clause, and show that clauses with k
     indeterminate variables are as hard to learn as DNF. We next
     show that a more restricted language of clauses with bounded
     indeterminacy is learnable using k-CNF to represent hypotheses,
     and that restricting the ``locality'' of a clause to a constant
     allows pac-learnability even if an arbitrary amount of
     indeterminacy is allowed. This last result is also shown to be a
     strict generalization of the previous result for determinate
     function-free clauses of constant depth. Finally, we present
     some extensions of these results to logic programs with multiple
     clauses.},
  topic = {concept-learning;Horn-clause-abduction;PAC-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ cohen_ww:2000a,
  author = {William W. Cohen},
  title = {{WHIRL}: A Word-Based Information Representation Language},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {118},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {163--196},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We describe WHIRL, an ``information representation language'' that
     synergistically combines properties of logic-based and
     text-based representation systems.  WHIRL is a subset of Datalog
     that has been extended by introducing an atomic type for textual
     entities, an atomic operation for computing textual similarity,
     and a ``soft'' semantics; that is, inferences in WHIRL are
     associated with numeric scores, and presented to the user in
     decreasing order by score.  This paper briefly describes WHIRL,
     and then surveys a number of applications.  We show that WHIRL
     strictly generalizes both ranked retrieval of documents, and
     logical deduction; that nontrivial queries about large databases
     can be answered efficiently; that WHIRL can be used to
     accurately integrate data from heterogeneous information
     sources, such as those found on the Web; that WHIRL can be used
     effectively for inductive classification of text; and finally,
     that WHIRL can be used to semi-automatically generate extraction
     programs for structured documents.},
  topic = {kr;information-retrieval;information-integration;}  
  } 

@article{ cohn_ag:1987a,
  author = {Anthony G. Cohn},
  title = {A More Expressive Form of Many Sorted Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {113--200},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {many-sorted-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cohn_ag:1989a,
  author = {Anthony G. Cohn},
  title = {On the Appearance of Sortal Literals: A Non Substitutional
  	Framework for Hybrid Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {55--66},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {kr;theorem-proving;hybrid-kr-architectures;sort-hierarchies;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cohn_ag:1992a,
  author = {Anthony G. Cohn},
  title = {Completing Sort Hierarchies},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {477--491},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {theorem-proving;taxonomic-reasoning;kr;semantic-networks;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cohn_ag:1996a,
  author = {Anthony G. Cohn},
  title = {Calculi for Qualitative Spatial Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Mathematical
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and J. Campbell and J. Pfalzgraf},
  pages = {124--143},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cohn_ag-gotts:1996a,
  author = {Anthony G. Cohn and Nicholas Mark Gotts},
  title = {Representing Spatial Vagueness: A Mereological Approach},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {230--241},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;spatial-reasoning;mereology;vagueness;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cohn_ag:1997a,
  author = {Anthony G. Cohn},
  title = {Qualitative Spatial Representation and Reasoning
  	Techniques},
  booktitle = {{KI}-97, Advances in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Gerhard Brewka and Christopher Habel and Bernhard Nebel},
  pages = {1--30},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cohn_ag-etal:1997a,
  author = {Anthony G. Cohn and Brandon Bennett and John Gooday and
         Nicholas M. Gotts},
  title = {Representing and Reasoning with
         Qualitative Spatial Relations},
  booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Oliviero Stock},
  pages = {97--134},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;spatial-representation;
  	qualitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ cohn_ag-etal:1998a,
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  title = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {kr;}  
 } 

@book{ cohn_ag-etal:2000a,
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  title = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2000},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {kr;}  
 } 

@article{ cohn_d:1966a,
  author = {D. Cohn},
  title = {Narrated Monologue},
  journal = {Comparative Literature},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {97--112},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {discourse;deixis;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ cohon:2000a,
  author = {Rachel Cohon},
  title = {The Roots of Reasons},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {109},
  number = {1},
  pages = {63--85},
  topic = {reasons-for-action;practical-reason;}  
  } 

@book{ coiffet:1983a,
  author = {Philippe Coiffet},
  title = {Robot Technology, Volume 1: Modelling and Control},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1983},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0137820941 (v. 1)},
  xref = {Review: rock:1987a.},
  topic = {robotics;}  
 } 

@book{ coiffet:1983b,
  author = {Philippe Coiffet},
  title = {Robot Technology, Volume 2: Interaction with the
  	Environment},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1983},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Review: rock:1987a.},
  topic = {robotics;}  
 } 

@book{ coiffet-chirouze:1983a,
  author = {Philippe Coiffet and Michel Chirouze},
  title = {An Introduction to Robot Technology},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1983},
  address = {New York},
  miscnote = {Translated by Meg Tombs.},
  ISBN = {0070106894},
  topic = {robotics;}  
 } 

@techreport{ colban:1988a,
  author = {Erik A. Colban},
  title = {Simplified Unification Based Grammar Formalisms},
  institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  number = {{COSMOS}-Report No.~05},
  year = {1988},
  address = {P.O. Box 1053, Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway},
  topic = {unification;grammar-formalisms;}  
  } 

@techreport{ colban:1990a,
  author = {Erik A. Colban},
  title = {Unification Algorithms},
  institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  number = {{COSMOS}-Report No.~16},
  year = {1990},
  address = {P.O. Box 1053, Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway},
  topic = {unification;}  
  } 

@techreport{ colban:1991a,
  author = {Erik A. Colban},
  title = {Generalized Quantifiers in Sequent Calculus},
  institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  number = {{COSMOS} Report No. 18},
  year = {1991},
  address = {P.O. Box 1053, Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ colby-etal:1970a,
  author = {Kenneth Mark Colby and Sylvia Weber and Franklin Dennis
  	Hilf},
  title = {Artificial Paranoia},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--25},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A case of artificial paranoia has been synthesized in the form
     of a computer simulation model. The model and its embodied
     theory are briefly described. Several excerpts from interviews
     with the model are presented to illustrate its paranoid
     input-output behavior.  Evaluation of the success of the
     simulation will depend upon indistinguishability tests.  } ,
  topic = {simulation-of-human-like-behavior;}  
  } 

@article{ colby-etal:1972a,
  author = {Kenneth Mark Colby and Franklin Dennis Hilf and Sylvia
  	Weber and Helena C. Kraemer},
  title = {Turing-Like Indistinguishability Tests for the Validation
  		of a Computer Simulation of Paranoid Processes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {199--221},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A computer simulation of paranoid processes in the form of a
     dialogue algorithm was subjected to a validation study using
     indistinguishability tests.  Judges rated degrees of paranoia
     present in initial psychiatric interviews of both paranoid
     patients and of versions of the paranoid model.  Judges also
     attempted to distinguish teletyped interviews with real patients
     from interviews with the simulation model.  The statistical
     results indicate a satisfactory degree of resemblance between
     the two groups of interviews.  It is concluded that the model
     provides a successful simulation of naturally occurring paranoid
     processes as measured by these tests.       } ,
  topic = {Turing-test;simulation-of-human-like-behavior;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cole_m:1991a,
  author = {Michael Cole},
  title = {Conclusion},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {398--417},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;group-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cole_p:1975a,
  author = {Peter Cole},
  title = {The Synchronic and Diachronic Status of Conversational
  	Implicature},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Peter Cole and Jerry Morgan},
  pages = {257--288},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {implicature;}  
  } 

@book{ cole_p-morgan:1975a,
  editor = {Peter Cole and Jerry Morgan},
  title = {Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ cole_p:1978a,
  author = {Peter Cole},
  title = {On the Origins of Referential Opacity},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {1--22},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {referential-opacity;}  
  } 

@book{ cole_p:1981a,
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  title = {Radical Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {New York},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Jay D. Atlas and Stephen C. Levinson, "It-Clefts,
     		Informativeness and Logical Form: Radical Pragmatics
		(Revised Standard Version)", pp. 1--61
     2. Emmon Bach, "On Time, Tense, and Aspect: An Essay In English
  		Metaphysics", pp. 63--81
     3. Charles E. Caton, "Stalnaker on Pragmatic
     		Presupposition", pp. 83--100
     4. Alice Davison, "Syntactic and Semantic Indeterminacy Resolved:
     		A Mostly Pragmatic Analysis of the {H}indi Conjunctive
		Participle", pp. 101--128
     5. Keith Donnellan, "Intuitions and Presuppositions", pp. 129--142
     6. Charles J. Fillmore, "Pragmatics and the Description of
     		Discourse", pp. 143--166
     7. Georgia M. Green and Jerry L. Morgan, "Pragmatics, Grammar,
     		and Discourse", pp. 167--182
     8. Grice, H.P. "Presupposition and Conversational
     		Implicature", pp. 183--198
     9. Geoffrey Nunberg, "Validating Pragmatic
     		Explanations", pp. 199--222
    10. Ellen F. Prince, "Towards a Taxonomy of Given-New
    		Information", pp. 223--256
    11. Jerrold L. Sadock, "Almost", pp. 257-272
    12. Ivan A. Sag, "Formal Semantics and Extralinguistic
    		Context", pp. 273--294
    13. Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson, "Irony and the Use-Mention
    		Distinction", pp. 295--318
  	},
  ISBN = {0121796604},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ cole_p:1985a,
  author = {Peter Cole},
  title = {Quantifier Scope and the {ECP}},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {283--289},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;}  
  } 

@article{ coleman_j-local:1991a,
  author = {John Coleman and John Local},
  title = {The `No Crossing Constraint' in Autosegmental
  	Phonology},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {295--338},
  topic = {autosegmental-phonology;}  
  } 

@book{ coleman_js-etal:1960a,
  author = {James S. Coleman and Ernest W. Adams and Herbert Solomon},
  title = {Mathematical Thinking in the Measurement of Behavior},
  publisher = {The Free Press},
  year = {1960},
  address = {Glencoe, Illinois},
  title = {Assessment of Qualitative Judgements for Conditional
  	Events in Expert Systems},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {135--140},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ collier:1998a,
  author = {Nigel Collier and Hideki Hirakawa and Akira Kumano},
  title = {Machine Translation vs. Dictionary Term Translation---A
  	Comparison for {E}nglish-{J}apanese News Article Alignment},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {263--267},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {text-alignment;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ collier-etal:1998a,
  author = {Nigel Collier and Kenji Ono and Hideki Hirakawa},
  title = {An Experiment in Hybrid Dictionary and Statistical
  	Sentence Alignment},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {268--274},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {text-alignment;}  
} 

@article{ collins:2000a,
  author = {John Collins},
  title = {Preemptive Prevention},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {4},
  pages = {223--234},
  topic = {causality;prevention;}  
  } 

@book{ collins_a1-etal:1995a,
  editor = {Alan F. Collins and Susan E. Gathercole and Martin A. Conway
  	and Peter E. Morris},
  title = {Theories of Memory},
  Publisher = {Laurence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Nahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {memory-models;}  
 } 

@incollection{ collins_a2:1984a,
  author = {Arthur Collins},
  title = {Action, Causality and Teleological Explanation},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {345--369},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {action;causality;teleology;explanation;}  
  } 

@book{ collins_c:1997a,
  author = {Chris Collins},
  title = {Local Economy},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {syntactic-minimalism;nl-syntax;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ collins_g-etal:1989a,
  author = {Gregg Collins and Lawrence Birnbaum and Bruce Krulwich},
  title = {An Adaptive Model of Decision-Making in Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {511--516},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  missinginfo = {Check A's 1st name},
  topic = {planning;}  
  } 

@book{ collins_hm:1990a,
  author = {H.M. Collins},
  title = {Artificial Experts: Social Knowledge and
  	Intelligent Machines},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
 } 

@article{ collins_hm:1996a,
  author = {H.M. Collins},
  title = {Embedded or Embodied?  A Review of
  	{\it What Computers Still Can't Do}, by {H}ubert {L}. {D}reyfus},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {80},
  number = {1},
  pages = {99--117},
  xref = {Review of dreyfus_hl:1992a.},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ collins_j:1991a,
  author = {John Collins},
  title = {Belief Revision},
  school = {Princeton University},
  year = {1991},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Philosophy Department, Princeton University},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ collins_m-brooks_j:1995a,
  author = {Michael Collins and James Brooks},
  title = {Prepositional Attachment through
				a Backed-off Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very
		Large Corpora},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {27--38},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;ambiguity-resolution;corpus-statistics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ collins_m:1996a,
  author = {Michael John Collins},
  title = {A New Statistical Parser Based on Bigram Lexical
  	Dependencies},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {184--191},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;statistical-nlp;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ collins_m:1997a,
  author = {Michael Collins},
  title = {Three Generative, Lexicalized Models for Statistical
		Parsing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {16--23},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;statistical-nlp;}  
 } 

@article{ collins_m:1999a,
  author = {Michael Collins},
  title = {Review of {\it Beyond Grammar:  An Experience-Based
		Theory of Language}, by {R}ens {B}od},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {3},
  pages = {440--444},
  xref = {Review of bod:1998a.},
  topic = {statistical-parsing;TAG-grammar;nlp-algorithms;}  
  } 

@book{ collins_nl-michie:1967a,
  editor = {N.L. Collins and Donald Michie},
  title = {Machine intelligence {I}},
  publisher = {Oliver and Boyd},
  year = {1967},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
 } 

@book{ colodny:1965a,
  editor = {Robert G. Colodny},
  title = {Beyond the Edge of Certainty: Essays in Contemporary
       Science and Philosophy},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  year = {1965},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@book{ colodny:1972a,
  editor = {Robert G. Colodny},
  title = {Paradigms and Paradoxes: The Philosophical Challenge of
  	The Quantum Domain},
  publisher = {University of Pittsburgh Press},
  year = {1972},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;philosophy-of-physics;
  	foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;}  
 } 

@article{ colomb:1999a,
  author = {Robert M. Colomb},
  title = {Representation of Propositional Expert Systems as
		Partial Functions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {109},
  number = {1--2},
  topic = {expert-systems;decision-trees;} ,
  pages = {187--209},
  } 

@article{ colombetti:1993a,
  author = {Marco Colombetti},
  title = {Formal Semantics for Mutual Belief},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {62},
  number = {2},
  pages = {341--353},
  topic = {mutual-beliefs;}  
  } 

@article{ colson-grigoroff:2001a,
  author = {Lo\"ic Colson and Serge Grigoroff},
  title = {Syntactical Truth Predicates for Second-Order Arithmetic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {225--256},
  topic = {second-order-arithmetic;truth-definitions;}  
  } 

@article{ colston:1997a,
  author = {H.L. Colston},
  title = {\,`I've Never Seen Anything Like It': Overstatement,
  	Understatement, and Irony},
  journal = {Metaphor and Symbol},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {43--58},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {irony;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ colston:1998a,
  author = {H.L. Colston},
  title = {You'll Never Believe This: Irony and Hyperbole in
  	Expressing Surprise},
  journal = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {499--513},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {irony;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ colyvan:2001a,
  author = {Mark Colyvan},
  title = {Review of {\it A Subject With No Object: Strategies for
	Nominalistic Interpretation of Mathematics}, by
	{J}ohn {B}urgess and {G}ideon {R}osen},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {146--150},
  xref = {Review of burgess_jp-rosen_g:1997a.},
  topic = {nominalism;nominalistic-semantics;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ comini-etal:1994a,
  author = {Marco Comini and Giorgio Levi and Giuliana Vitiello},
  title = {Abstract Debugging of Logic Program},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {440--450},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {metaprogramming;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ comorovski:1985a,
  author = {Ileana Comorovski},
  title = {On Quantifier Strength and Partitive Noun Phrases},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {145--177},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;(in)definiteness;
  	existential-constructions;partitive-constructions;}  
  } 

@book{ comorovski:1996a,
  author = {Ileana Comorovski},
  title = {Interrogative Phrases and the Syntax-Semantics Interface},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792338049},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
 } 

@incollection{ comrie:1986a,
  author = {Bernard Comrie},
  title = {Conditionals: A Typology},
  booktitle = {On Conditionals},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly},
  pages = {77--101},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {conditionals;typology;}  
  } 

@book{ conant:1981a,
  editor = {Roger Conant},
  title = {Mechanisms Of Intelligence : Ashby'S Writings On Cybernetics},
  publisher = {Intersystems Publications},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Seaside, California},
  topic = {AI-classics;} 
 } 

@inproceedings{ condon-etal:1997a,
  author = {Sherri L. Condon and Claude G. Cech and William R. Edwards},
  title = {DIscourse Routines in Decision-Making Interactions},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative
		Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {20--27},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {David Traum},
  topic = {speech-acts;corpus-statistics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ condotta:2000a,
  author = {Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Condotta},
  title = {The Augmented Interval and and Rectangle Networks},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {571--579},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ conee:1983a,
  author = {Earl Conee},
  title = {Review of {\it Utilitarianism and Co-operation},
  	by {D}onald {R}egan},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  volume = {80},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {415--424},
  xref = {Review of: regan:1980a.},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
    } 

@incollection{ conlon-etal:1994a,
  author = {Sumali Pin-Ngern Conlon and Joanne Dardaine and Agnes D'Souza
		and Martha Evens and Sherwood Haynes and Jong-Sun Kim
		and Robert Strutz},
  title = {The {IIT} Lexical Database: Dream
		and Reality},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {201--225},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@article{ connell-brady:1987a,
  author = {Jonathan H. Connell and Michael Brady},
  title = {Generating and Generalizing Models of Visual Objects},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {31},
  number = {2},
  pages = {159--183},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We report on initial experiments with an implemented learning
     system whose inputs are images of two-dimensional shapes. The
     system first builds semantic network descriptions of shapes
     based on Brady's ``smoothed local symmetry'' representation. It
     learns shape models from them using a substantially modified
     version of Winston's ANALOGY program.  A generalization of Gray
     coding enables the representation to be extended and also allows
     a single operation, called ``ablation'', to achieve the effects
     of many standard induction heuristics. The program can learn
     disjunctions, and can learn concepts using only positive
     examples. We discuss learnability and the pervasive importance
     of representational hierarchies.},
  topic = {machine-learning;shape-recognition;}  
  } 

@book{ connolly-pemberton:1996a,
  editor = {John H. Connolly and Lyn Pemberton},
  title = {Linguistic Concepts and Methods in {CSCW}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  contentsnote = {TC:
  	1. John Connolly and Lyn Pemberton, "Introduction"
	2. Christine Cheepen and James Monaghan, "Linguistics and Task
		Analysis in CSCW"
	3. Katherine Morton, "Spoken Language and Speech Synthesis in
		CSWCW"
	4. Stephanie A. Robertson, "The Contribution of Genre to CSCW"
	5. Alison Newlands, Anne Anderson and Jim Mullin, "Dialogue
		Structure and Cooperative Task Performance
		in two CSCW Environments"
	6. Anthony Clarke, John Connolly, Steven Garner and Hilary
		Palmen, "A Language of Cooperation?"
	7. John Connolly, "Some Grammatical Characteristics of Cooperative
		Spoken Dialog in a CSCW Context"
	8. Pat Healey and Carl Vogel, A Semantic Framework for CSCW
	9. Julian Newman, "Semiotics, Information and Cooperation"
	10. Duska Rosenberg, "Socioinguistic Inquiriy + Situation
		Theory = Contribution to CSCW??"
	11. Lyn Pemberton, "Telltales and Overhearers: Participant Roles in
 		Electronic Mail Communication"
	12. John Levine and Chris Mellish, "CORECT: Using Natural
		Language Generation as an Integral Part of a CSCW
		Tool for Collaborative Requirements Capture"
	13. Christophe Godereaux, Korinna Diebel, Pierre-Oivier El
		Guedji, Frederic Revolta and Pierre Nugues,  "An
		Interactive Spoken Dialogue Interface to Virtual Worlds"
	14. Jeremy Fox, "Computer Mediated Communication in Foreign
		Language Learning"
	15. Larry Selinker, "Understanding the `Good and Bad Language
		Learner': CSCW as a Necessary Tool"
	},
  ISBN = {3-540-19984-5},
  xref = {Review: honeycutt:1998a},
  topic = {CSCW;nl-processing;}  
 } 

@incollection{ connolly:2001a,
  author = {John H. Connolly},
  title = {Context in the Study of Human Languages and Computer
  	Programming Languages: A Comparison},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {116--128},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;programming-languages;}  
  } 

@incollection{ conrad:1988a,
  author = {Michael Conrad},
  title = {The Price of Programmability},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {285--307},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {foundations-of-computationcomplexity-theory;complexity;
  	theory-of-computation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ constable:1998a,
  author = {R.L. Constable},
  title = {Types in Logic, Mathematics, and  Programming},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Samuel R. Buss},
  pages = {683--786},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Review: arai:1998k.},
  topic = {proof-theory;type-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ conte-etal:1977a,
  editor = {Amedeo G. Conte and Risto Hilpinen and Georg Henrik von Wright},
  title = {Deontische {L}ogik und {S}emantik},
  publisher = {Athenaion},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  ISBN = {3799706453},
  topic = {deontic-logic;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ contreras:1980a,
  author = {Heles Contreras},
  title = {On the Explanatory Adequacy of {M}ontague Grammar},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University
  	of Washington.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ contreras:1980b,
  author = {Heles Contreras},
  title = {Discontinuous Constituents in {S}panish},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University
  	of Washington.},
  topic = {discontinuous-constituents;}  
  } 

@incollection{ conway-etal:1977a,
  author = {J.H. Conway and M.S. Patterson and U.S.S.R. Moscow},
  title = {A Headache-Causing Problem},
  booktitle = {Een pak met een korte broek: Papers Presented to
  	H.W. Lenstra on the Occasion of the Publication of his
	``Euclisische Getallenlicamen''},
  editor = {J.K. Lenstra {et al.}},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Private Publication.},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {Conway-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ cook_g:1990a,
  author = {Guy Cook},
  title = {Transcribing Infinity. Problems of Context Representation},
  journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--24},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cook_j-gallagher:1994a,
  author = {J. Cook and John P. Gallagher},
  title = {A Transformation System for
     		Definite Programs Based on Termination Analysis},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {51--68},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@book{ cook_m:1994a,
  author = {Maeve Cook},
  title = {Language and Reason: A Study of {H}abermas's Pragmatics},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-53145-3},
  topic = {continental-philosophy;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ cook_sa:1971a,
  author = {Stephen A. Cook},
  title = {The Complexity of Theorem Proving Procedures},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third {ACM} Symposium on
  	Theory of Computing},
  year = {1971},
  pages = {151--158},
  topic = {complexity-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ cook_sa:1983a,
  author = {Stepnen A. Cook},
  title = {An Overview of Computational Complexity},
  journal = {Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {401--408},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {complexity-theory;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ cook_sa:2000a,
  author = {Stepnen A. Cook},
  title = {The {P} Versus {NP} Problem},
  year = {2000},
  note = {Computer Science Department, University of Toronto.
  	Available at
	http://www.cs.toronto.edu/\user{}sacook/homepage/PvsNP.ps.},
  topic = {complexity-theory;P=NP-problem;}  
 } 

@book{ cook_vj:1988a,
  author = {Vivian J. Cook},
  title = {Chomsky's Universal Grammar: An Introduction},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nl-syntax;GB-syntax;}  
 } 

@book{ cooke_m:1994a,
  author = {Maeve Cooke},
  title = {Language and Reason},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {Habermas;continental-philosophy;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ cooke_rm:1983a,
  author = {Roger M. Cooke},
  title = {A Result in {R}enyi's Conditional Probability Theory with
  	Application to Subjective Probability},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {19--32},
  topic = {probability;probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@article{ cooke_rm:1986a,
  author = {Roger M. Cooke},
  title = {Conceptual Fallacies in Subjective Probability},
  journal = {Topoi},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {69--74},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
  } 

@book{ cooke_rm:1991a,
  author = {Roger M. Cooke},
  title = {Experts in Uncertainty},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;statistical-inference;}  
 } 

@book{ cooper_a:1995a,
  author = {Alan Cooper},
  title = {About Face: The Essentials of User Interface Design},
  publisher = {IDG Books Worldwide},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Foster City, California},
  ISBN = {1568843224 (pbk)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ cooper_de:1972a,
  author = {Devid E. Cooper},
  title = {Definitions and `Clusters'\,},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {81},
  number = {324},
  pages = {495--503},
  topic = {definitions;} 
  } 

@book{ cooper_de:1973a,
  author = {David E. Cooper},
  title = {Philosophy and the Nature of Language},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1973},
  series = {Longman Linguistic Library},
  address = {London},
  contentnote = {TC:
		1. Introduction
		2. Meaning
		3. Meaning in Philosophy
		4. Language and culture
		5. Grammar and mind
		6. Truth, the a priori and synonymity
		7. Speech acts
	},
  topic = {philsopy-of-language;philosophy-and-linguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ cooper_de:1978a,
  author = {David E. Cooper},
  title = {The Deletion Argument},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {189--194},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cooper_de:1993a,
  author = {David E. Cooper},
  title = {Truth and Metaphor},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {III}, Metaphor and
  	Knowledge},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {F.R. Ankersmit and J.J.A. Mooij},
  pages = {37--47},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ cooper_gf:1990a,
  author = {Gregory F. Cooper},
  title = {The Computational Complexity of Probabilistic Inference
  	using Bayesian Belief Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {42},
  number = {3},
  pages = {393--405},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cooper_gf:1992a,
  author = {Gregory F. Cooper},
  title = {A {B}ayesian Method for Learning Belief Networks that Contain
  	Hidden Variables},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Knowledge Discovery in
  	Databases},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {112--124},
  missinginfo = {Editor, Organization, Address},
  topic = {machine-learning;Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@article{ cooper_gf-herskovits:1992a,
  author = {Gregory F. Cooper and E.H. Herskovits},
  title = {A {B}ayesian Method for the Induction of
  	Probabilistic Networks from Data},
  journal = {Machine Learning},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {309--347},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ cooper_mc:1989a,
  author = {Martin C. Cooper},
  title = {An Optimal K-Consistency Algorithm},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {41},
  number = {1},
  pages = {89--95},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper generalizes the arc-consistency algorithm of Mohr and
     Henderson [4] and the path-consistency algorithm of Han and Lee
     [2] to a k-consistency algorithm (arc-consistency and
     path-consistency being 2-consistency and 3-consistency,
     respectively). The algorithm is a development of Freuder's
     synthesis algorithm [1]. It simultaneously establishes
     i-consistency for each 1 <= i <= k. It has worst-case time
     and space complexity which is optimal when k is a constant and
     almost optimal for all other values of k.
      In the case that all order-i constraints exist for all 1 <= i
     <= n, this algorithm is a solution to the consistent labeling
     problem with almost optimal worst-case time and space
     complexity.  } ,
  topic = {arc-(in)consistency;AI-algorithms;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ cooper_mc-etal:1994a,
  author = {Martin C. Cooper and David A. Cohen and Peter G.
  	Jeavons},
  title = {Characterising Tractable Constraints},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {65},
  number = {2},
  pages = {347--361},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We present algorithms for finding out optimal cost solutions of
     an explicit AND/OR graph. We show that these new algorithms can
     work on AND/OR graphs containing cycles. Finally, we show how
     these algorithms can be incorporated in implicit graph search
     schemes like AO* so that they work for transformation rules
     which lead to graphs with cycles.},
  topic = {and/or-graphs;optimality;search;}  
  } 

@article{ cooper_mc:1997a,
  author = {Martin C. Cooper},
  title = {Fundamental Properties of Neighbourhood Substitution in
  	Constraint Satisfaction Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {90},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--24},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In combinatorial problems it is often worthwhile simplifying the
     problem, using operations such as consistency, before embarking
     on an exhaustive search for solutions. Neighbourhood
     substitution is such a simplification operation. Whenever a
     value x for a variable is such that it can be replaced in all
     constraints by another value y, then x is eliminated. This paper
     shows that neighbourhood substitutions are important whether the
     aim is to find one or all solutions. It is proved that the
     result of a convergent sequence of neighbourhood substitutions
     is invariant modulo isomorphism. An efficient algorithm is given
     to find such a sequence.  It is also shown that to combine
     consistency (of any order) and neighbourhood substitution, we
     only need to establish consistency once.},
       topic = {constraint-satisfaction;AI-algorithms-analysis;}  
       } 

@article{ cooper_mc:1999a,
  author = {Martin C. Cooper},
  title = {Linear-Time Algorithms for Testing the Realisability
  	of Line Drawings of Curved Objects},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {108},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {31--68},
  topic = {line-drawings;spatial-reasoning;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ cooper_mc:2000a,
  author = {Martin C. Cooper},
  title = {Linear Constraints for the Interpretation of Line Drawings
  	of Curved Objects},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {119},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {235--258},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Drawings of curved objects often contain many linear features:
     straight lines, colinear or coplanar points, parallel lines and
     vanishing points.  These linear features give rise to linear
     constraints on the 3D position of scene points. The resulting
     problem can be solved by standard linear programming techniques.
     An important characteristic of this approach is that instead of
     making a strong assumption, such as all surfaces are planar,
     only a very weak assumption, which disallows coincidences and
     highly improbable objects, needs to be made to be able to deduce
     planarity.
     The linear constraints, combined with junction-labelling
     constraints, are a powerful means of discriminating between
     possible and impossible line drawings. They provide an important
     tool for the machine reconstruction of a 3D scene from a
     human-entered line drawing.
  } ,
  topic = {visual-reasoning;line-drawings;}  
  } 

@article{ cooper_pr-swain_mj:1992a,
  author = {Paul R. Cooper and Michael J. Swain},
  title = {Arc Consistency: Parallelism and Domain Dependence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {58},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {207--235},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper discusses how better arc consistency algorithms for
     constraint satisfaction can be developed by exploiting
     parallelism and domain-specific problem characteristics. A
     massively parallel algorithm for arc consistency is given,
     expressed as a digital circuit. For a constraint satisfaction
     problem with n variables and a labels, this algorithm has a
     worst-case time complexity of O(na), significantly better than
     that of the optimal uniprocessor algorithm.  An algorithm of
     intermediate parallelism suitable for implementation on a SIMD
     machine is also given. Analyses and implementation experiments
     are shown for both algorithms. A method for exploiting
     characteristics of a problem domain to achieve arc consistency
     algorithms with better time and space complexity is also
     discussed. A general technique for expressing domain knowledge
     and using it to develop optimized arc consistency algorithms is
     described. The domain-specific optimizations can be applied
     analogously to any of the arc consistency algorithms along the
     sequential/parallel spectrum.},
  topic = {arc-(in)consistency;constraint-satisfaction;
  	parallel-processing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cooper_r-ginzberg:2002a,
  author = {Robin Cooper and Jonathan Ginzberg},
  title = {Using Dependent Record Types in Clarification Ellipsis},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {45--52},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {ellipsis;clarification-dialogues;HPSG;type-theory;} 
  } 

@incollection{ cooper_r1-parsons_t2:1976a,
  author = {Robin Cooper and Terence Parsons},
  title = {Montague Grammar, Generative Semantics and Interpretive
		Semantics},
  booktitle = {Montague Grammar},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Barbara H. Partee},
  pages = {311--362},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;generative-semantics;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cooper_r1:1978a,
  author = {Robin Cooper},
  title = {{M}ontague's Theory of Translation and Transformational Syntax},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Translation: Philosophical and Logical
  	Approaches},
  publisher = {New York University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and Monica Guenthner-Reutter},
  pages = {307--325},
  address = {New York},
  contentnote = {Discusses how to do Montague interpretation off of deep
  	structure in standard theory.},
  topic = {syntax-semantics-interface;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cooper_r1:1978b,
  author = {Robin Cooper},
  title = {Variable Binding and Relative Clauses},
  booktitle = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt},
  pages = {131--170},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;relative-clauses;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ cooper_r1:1978c,
  author = {Robin Cooper},
  title = {A Fragment of {E}nglish with Questions and Relative Clauses},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Wisconsin.},
  topic = {Montague-Grammar;interrogatives;relative-clauses;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ cooper_r1:1979a,
  author = {Robin Cooper},
  title = {Bach's Passive, Polysynthetic Languages, Temporal 
  	Adverbs, and Free Deletions},
  year = {1979},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Wisconsin.},
  topic = {Montague-Grammar;passive;adverbs;}  
  } 

@book{ cooper_r1:1983a,
  author = {Robin Cooper},
  title = {Quantification and Syntactic Theory},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifier-scope;syntax-semantics-interface;
  	Montague-grammar;presupposition;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ cooper_r1:1986a,
  author = {Robin Cooper},
  title = {Tense and Discourse Location in Situation Semantics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17--36},
  topic = {nl-tense;situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cooper_r1:1988a,
  author = {Robin Cooper},
  title = {Facts in Situation Theory: Representation, Psychology,
  	or reality?},
  booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and
  	Reality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Ruth Kempson},
  pages = {49--61},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {situation-semantics;cognitive-semantics;facts;}  
  } 

@book{ cooper_r1-etal:1990a,
  editor = {Robin Cooper and Kuniaki Mukai and John Perry},
  title = {Situation Theory and its Applications},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {0937073555 (v. 1)},
  topic = {situation-theory;situation-semantics;}  
} 

@unpublished{ cooper_r1:1993a,
  author = {Robin Cooper},
  title = {Towards a General Semantic Framework},
  year = {1993},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Centre for Cognitive Science,
  	University of Edinburgh.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cooper_r1:1996a,
  author = {Robin Cooper},
  title = {The Role of Situations in Generalized Quantifiers},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {65--86},
  topic = {nl-semantics;situation-semantics;
		generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ cooper_r2-etal:1996a,
  author = {R. Cooper and J. Fox and J. Farrington and T. Shallice},
  title = {A Systematic Methodology for Cognitive Modeling},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {85},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {3--44},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;cognitive-modeling;SOAR;}  
  } 

@article{ cooper_sb:2001a,
  author = {S. Barry Cooper},
  title = {Review of {\it Theories of Computability}, by
  	{N}icholas {P}ippinger},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {140--141},
  xref = {Review of pippinger:1997a.},
  topic = {computability;}  
  } 

@book{ cope:1991a,
  author = {David Cope},
  title = {Computers and Musical Style},
  publisher = {A-R Editions},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Madison, Wisconsin},
  ISBN = {0895792567 (hardcover)},
  xref = {Review: berger_j:1996a.},
  topic = {AI-and-music;}  
 } 

@article{ copeland:1979a,
  author = {B. Jack Copeland},
  title = {On When a Semantics is Not a Semantics: Some Reasons
  	for Disliking the {R}outley-{M}eyer Semantics for
	Relevance Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {399--413},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ copeland:1993a,
  author = {B. Jack Copeland},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence: A Philosophical Introduction},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {AI-intro;philosophy-AI;}  
 } 

@article{ copeland:1994a,
  author = {B. Jack Copeland},
  title = {On Vague Objects, Fuzzy Logic, and Fractal Boundaries},
  journal = {Southern Journal of Philosophy, Supplementary Volume},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {83--96},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;fuzzy-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ copeland:1996a,
  editor = {B. Jack Copeland},
  title = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. B. Jack Copeland, "Arthur {P}rior's Life and Legacy", pp. 1--40
        2. Peter Grifton, "Introduction" (To two essays by {A}rhur
		{P}rior on Temporal Realism), pp. 43--44
	3. Arthur N. Prior,  "A Statement of Temporal Realism", pp. 45--46
	4. Arthur N. Prior, "Some Free Thinking about Time", pp. 47--51
	5. B. Jack Copeland, "Tree Formulations of Tense
		Logic", pp. 53--67
        6. Dov Gabbay and Ian Hodkinson, "Temporal Logic in the Context
		of Databases", pp. 69--87
	7. Rita Rodriguez and FrankAnger, "Prior's Temporal Legacy in
		Computer Science", pp. 89--109
	8. Richard Sylvan, "Other Withered Stumps of Time", pp. 111--130
	9. Carew Meredith and Arthur N. Prior, "Interpretations of
		Different Modal Logics in the `Property
		Calculus{'}", pp. 133--168
       10. Johan van Benthem, "Modal Logic as a Theory of
       		Information", pp. 135--168
       11. Kit Fine and Gerhard Schurz, "Transfer Theorems for
       		Multimodal Logics", pp. 169--213
       12. Lloyd Humberstone, "Homophony, Validity,
       		Modality", pp. 215--236
       13. Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}, "Agents in Branching
       		Time", pp. 239--271
       14. Graham Oddie, "The Consequences of Action", pp. 273--299
       15. Krister Segerberg, "To Do and Not to Do", pp. 301--313
       16. Robert Bull, "Logics Without Contraction {I}", pp. 317--336
       17. Martin Bunder, "Logics Without Contraction {II}", pp. 337--349
       18. Neil Tennant, "Delicate Proof Theory", pp. 351--385
       19. Rom Harr\'e, "There is No Time Like the Present", pp. 389--391
       20. Karel Lambert, "Russellian Names: Notes on a Theory of {A}rthur
       		{P}rior", pp. 411--417
       21. Peter Loptson, "Prior, Plantinga, Haecceiity, and the
       		Possible", pp. 419--435
       22. Mark Richard, "Propositional Quantification", pp. 437--459
       23. Roger Teichman, "Statements of Property-Identity and
       		Event-Identity", pp. 461--476
       24. Graham Priest, "Some Priorities of {B}erkeley", pp. 479--487
       25. Michael Resnik, "Ought There to be One
       		Logic?", pp. 489--517
       26. Peter {\O}hrstrom and Olav Flo, "Bibliography of {P}rior's
       		Philosophical Writings", pp. 519--532
  } ,
  xref = {Review: menzel:2000a.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;temporal-logic;modal-logic;Prior;}  
 } 

@incollection{ copeland:1996b,
  author = {B. Jack Copeland},
  title = {Arthur {P}rior's Life and Legacy},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {1--40},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {Prior;}  
  } 

@incollection{ copeland:1996c,
  author = {B. Jack Copeland},
  title = {Tree Formulations of Tense Logic},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {53--67},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {temporal-logic;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ copeland:1997b,
  author = {B. Jack Copeland},
  title = {Vague Identity and Fuzzy Logic},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {10},
  pages = {514--534},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;fuzzy-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ copeland:2000a,
  author = {B. Jack Copeland},
  title = {Nature versus Wide Mechanism: Including a Re-Examination
  	of {T}uring's Views on  the Mind-Machine Issue},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--32},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;philosophy-of-computation;Turing;}  
  } 

@article{ copeland-proudfoot:2000a,
  author = {Jack Copeland and Diane Proudfoot},
  title = {What {T}uring Did after He Invented the Universal {T}uring
  	Machine},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {491--509},
  topic = {Turing;history-of-computer-science;history-of-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ copeland:2002a,
  author = {B. Jack Copeland},
  title = {The Genesis of Possible Worlds Semantics},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {99},
  number = {2},
  pages = {99--137},
  topic = {possible-worlds-semantics;history-of-logic;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ copestake:1990a,
  author = {Ann Copestake},
  title = {An Approach to Building the Hierarchical Element of a
		Lexical Knowledge Base from a Machine Readable Dictionary},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Laboratory, University of
  	Cambridge},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;machine-readable-dictionaries;}  
  } 

@incollection{ copestake:1993a,
  author = {Ann Copestake},
  title = {Defaults in Lexical Representation},
  booktitle = {Inheritance, Defaults, and the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ted Briscoe and Valeria de Paiva and Ann Copestake},
  pages = {223--245},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {inheritance;computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@incollection{ copestake:1995a,
  author = {Ann Copestake},
  title = {The Representation of Group Denoting Nouns in a Lexical
  	Knowledge Base},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {207--231},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;plural;}  
  } 

@article{ copestake-briscoe:1995a1,
  author = {Ann Copestake and Ted Briscoe},
  title = {Semi-Productive Polysemy and Sense Extension},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {15--17},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {polysemy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ copestake-briscoe:1995a2,
  author = {Ann Copestake and Ted Briscoe},
  title = {Semi-Productive Polysemy and Sense Extension},
  booktitle = {Lexical Semantics: The Problem of Polysemy},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky and Brian Boguraev},
  pages = {15--67},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {polysemy;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ copestake-lascarides:1997a,
  author = {Ann Copestake and Alex Lascarides},
  title = {Integrating Symbolic and Statistical Representations: The
  	Lexicon Pragmatics Interface},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {136--143},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;compound-nouns;lexical-disambiguation;
	pragmatics;corpus-statistics;discourse-representation-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ copi:1976a,
  author = {Irving M. Copi},
  title = {A Problem in {P}lato's Laws},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {627--639},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {Plato;philosophy-of-law;}  
  } 

@article{ copp_d:1997a,
  author = {David Copp},
  title = {Defending the Principle of Alternate Possibilities:
  	Blameworthiness and Moral Responsibility},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {31},
  number = {4},
  pages = {441--456},
  contentnote = {Evidently Frankfurt argued in frankfurt:1969a, giving
  	examples, that you can be responsible even if you could not
	have done otherwise.  The purpose of this paper is to refute
	this interpretation of the examples.},
  topic = {freedom;blameworthiness;}  
  } 

@article{ coradeschi-etal:2000a,
  author = {Silvia Coradeschi and Lars Karlsson and Peter Stone
  	and Tucker Balch and Gerhard Kraetzschmar and Minoru Asada},
  title = {Overview of {R}obo{C}up-99},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {11--18},
  topic = {robotics;RoboCup;}  
  } 

@incollection{ corazza-demori:1998a,
  author = {Anna Corazza and Renato de Mori},
  title = {On the Use of Formal Grammars},
  booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Renato de Mori},
  pages = {523--561},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;spoken-dialogue-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ corazza:2002a,
  author = {Eros Corazza},
  title = {Description-Names},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {31},
  number = {4},
  pages = {313--325},
  topic = {reference;proper-names;definite-descriptions;} 
  } 

@article{ corcoran:1972a,
  author = {John Corcoran},
  title = {Review of {\em Noam Chomsky}, by {J}ohn {L}yons},
  journal = {Word},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {28},
  pages = {335--338},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {Chomsky;}  
  } 

@incollection{ corcoran:1972b,
  author = {John Corcoran},
  title = {Harris on the Structures of Language},
  booktitle = {Transformationelle Analyse},
  publisher = {Athen\"aum Verlag},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Pl\"otz},
  pages = {275--292},
  address = {Frankfurt},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;} 
  } 

@incollection{ corcoran:1972c,
  author = {John Corcoran},
  title = {Harris on the Structures of Language},
  booktitle = {Transformationelle Analyse},
  publisher = {Athen\"aum Verlag},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Pl\"otz},
  pages = {275--292},
  address = {Frankfurt},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;} 
  } 

@incollection{ corcoran:1973a,
  author = {John Corcoran},
  title = {Gaps between Logical Theory and Mathematical
		Practice},
  booktitle = {The Methodological Unity of Science},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Mario Bunge},
  pages = {23--50},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophy-of-logic;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ corcoran-etal:1974a,
  author = {John Corcoran and William Frank and Michael Maloney},
  title = {String Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {39},
  number = {4},
  pages = {625--637},
  topic = {formal-language-theory;} 
  } 

@incollection{ cordier:1992a,
  author = {M.O. Cordier},
  title = {A Temporal Revision Model for Reasoning about World
  	Change},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {732--739},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;reasoning-about-change;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ core:1996a,
  author = {Mark Core},
  title = {Using Parsed Corpora for Structural Disambiguation in
  	the {TRAINS} Domain},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {345--350},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;disambiguation;nl-interpretation;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ core-allen_jf:1997a,
  author = {Mark G. Core and James F. Allen},
  title = {Coding Dialogues with the {DAMSL} Annotation Scheme},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative
		Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {28--35},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {David Traum},
  topic = {speech-acts;corpus-linguistics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ core-schubert:1999a,
  author = {Mark G. Core and Lenhart K. Schubert},
  title = {A Model of Speech Repairs and Other Disruptions},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {48--53},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;speech-repairs;hesitation-noises;
		discourse-interruptions;}  
  } 

@article{ cormack:1987a,
  author = {Annabel Cormack},
  title = {Review of {\it {M}ental Spaces}, by {G}iles {F}auconnier},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {247--260},
  xref = {Review of fauconnier:1985b.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ cormak-kempson:1981b,
  author = {Annabel Cormak and Ruth Kempson},
  title = {On `Formal Games and Forms of Games'\, } ,
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {431--435},
  xref = {Discussion of kempson-cormak:1981a, tennant_n:1981a.},
  topic = {ambiguity;nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;
  	semantic-underspecification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cormak:1984a,
  author = {Annabel Cormak},
  title = {{VP} Anaphora: Variables and Scope},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {81--102},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;verb-phrase-anaphora;}  
  } 

@incollection{ correadasilva-etal:1991a,
  author = {Fl\'avio S. Corr\'ea da Silva and Dave Robertson and Paul
  	Chung},
  title = {Automated Reasoning about an Uncertain Domain},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {141--145},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;logic-programming;fuzzy-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ correia:2000a,
  author = {Fabrice Correia},
  title = {Propositional Logic of Essence},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {3},
  pages = {295--313},
  topic = {modal-logic;reference;individuation;}  
  } 

@book{ corriveau:1995a,
  author = {Jean-Pierre Corriveau},
  title = {Time-Constrained Memory: A Reader-Based
  	Approach to Text Comprehension},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  xref = {Review: graesser:1996a.},
  topic = {text-comprehension;memory;memory-models;language-and-cognition;}  
 } 

@article{ corruble-ganascia:1997a,
  author = {Vincent Corruble and Jean-Gabriel Ganascia},
  title = {Induction and the Discovery of the Causes of Scurvy: A
  	Computational Reconsruction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {91},
  number = {2},
  pages = {205--223},
  topic = {automated-scientific-discovery;induction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ corstonoliver:1998a,
  author = {Simon H. Corston-Oliver},
  title = {Identifying the Linguistic Correlates of Rhetorical
  	Relations},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {8--14},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;
  	empirical-methods-in-discourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ corstonoliver:2000a,
  author = {Simon Corston-Oliver},
  title = {Using Decision Trees to Select the Grammatical Relation of
  		a Noun Phrase},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  pages = {66--73},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {grammatical-relations;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@article{ corstonoliver:2000b,
  author = {Simon Corston-Oliver},
  title = {Review of {\it Natural Language Information Retrieval},
  	edited by {T}omek {S}trzalkowski},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {460--462},
  xref = {Review of: strzalkowski:1999a.},
  topic = {computational-linguistics;information-retrieval;}  
  } 

@incollection{ coscoy:1997a,
  author = {Yann Coscoy},
  title = {A Natural Language Explanation for Formal Proofs},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {149--167},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;nl-generation-from-proofs;}  
  } 

@incollection{ costa:1995a,
  author = {Horacio L. Arl\'o Costa},
  title = {Epistemic Logic, Snakes, and Stars},
  booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig},
  pages = {193--239},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;CCCP;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ costello:1995a,
 author = {Tom Costello},
 title = {Relating Formalizations of Actions},
 booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theories and Applications},
 year = {1995},
 organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
 address = {Menlo Park, California},
 missinginfo = {pages},
 topic = {action;planning-formalisms;foundations-of-planning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ costello:1996a,
  author = {Tom Costello},
  title = {Modeling Belief Change Using Counterfactuals},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {432--443},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ costello:1998a,
  author = {Tom Costello},
  title = {The Expressive Power of Circumsciption},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {104},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {313--329},
  topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ costello-patterson:1998a,
  author = {Tom Costello and Anna Patterson},
  title = {Quantifiers and Operations on Modalities and Contexts},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {270--281},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;context;modal-logic;kr-course;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ costemarquis-marquis:2002a,
  author = {Sylvie Coste-Marquis and Pierre Marquis},
  title = {Complexity Results for Paraconsistent Inference
  	Relations},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {61--72},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;paraconsistency;} 
  } 

@incollection{ cote:1997a,
  author = {Sharon Cote},
  title = {Ranking Forward-Looking Centers},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {55--69},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;centering;}  
  } 

@book{ coulthard:1977a,
  author = {Malcolm Coulthard},
  title = {An Introduction to Discourse Analysis},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1977},
  address = {London},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;text-linguistics;discourse;pragmatics;}  
} 

@incollection{ coulthard-brazil:1979a,
  author = {Malcolm Coulthard and D. Brazil},
  title = {Exchange Structure},
  booktitle = {Studies in Discourse Analysis},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Malcolm Coulthard and Martin Montgomery},
  pages = {82--106},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ coulthard-montgomery:1981a,
  editor = {Malcolm Coulthard and Martin Montgomery},
  title = {Studies in Discourse Analysis},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1981},
  address = {London},
  topic = {pragmatics;text-linguistics;discourse-analysis;discourse;}  
} 

@incollection{ coulthard_m:1994a,
  author = {Malcolm Coulthard},
  title = {Analysing and Evaluating Written Text},
  booktitle = {Advances in Written Text Analysis},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Malcolm Coulthard},
  pages = {1--11},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {writing;}  
} 

@book{ couperkuhlen-selting:1996a,
  editor = {Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen},
  title = {Prosody in Conversation},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {intonation;prosody;discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ coupley-fouquere:1997a,
  author = {Pascal Coupley and Christophe Fouquer\'e},
  title = {Extending Conceptual Definitions with Default Knowledge},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {258--299},
  topic = {extensions-of-kl1;nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cousot:1990a,
  author = {P. Cousot},
  title = {Methods and Logics for Proving Programs},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. B:
		Algorithms and Complexity},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Jan {van Leeuven}},
  pages = {841--993},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {program-verification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ covington:1986a,
  author = {Michael A. Covington},
  title = {Grammatical Theory in the Middle Ages},
  booktitle = {Studies in the History of Western Linguistics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {F.R. Palmer},
  pages = {23--42},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {history-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ covington-etal:1988a,
  author = {Michael A. Covington and Donald Nute and Nora Schmitz
  	and David Goodman},
  title = {From {E}nglish to {P}rolog via Discourse Representation
  	Theory},
  institution = {Advanced Computational Research Center, University
  	of Georgia},
  number = {01--0024},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Athens, Georgia},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;nl-interpretation;} 
  } 

@book{ covington:1994a,
  author = {Michael A. Covington},
  title = {Natural Language Processing for {P}rolog
   Programmers},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0-13-629213-5},
  topic = {nlp-programming;nlp-intro;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ covington:1998a,
  author = {Michael A. Covington},
  title = {Alignment of Multiple Languages for Historical
  	Comparison},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {275--280},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {computational-historical-linguistics;}  
} 

@book{ cowie:1998a,
  editor = {A.P. Cowie},
  title = {Phraseology : Theory, Analysis, and Applications},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198294255},
  topic = {collocations;corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ cowles:1994a,
  author = {David Cowles},
  title = {On {V}an {I}nwagen's Defense of Vague Identity},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {137--158},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@article{ cox_ij-leonard_jj:1994a,
  author = {Ingemar J. Cox and John J. Leonard},
  title = {Modeling a Dynamic Environment Using a {B}ayesian Multiple
  	Hypothesis Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {66},
  number = {2},
  pages = {311--344},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Dynamic world modeling requires the integration of multiple
     sensor observations obtained from multiple vehicle locations at
     different times. A crucial problem in this interpretation task
     is the presence of uncertainty in the origins of measurements
     (data association or correspondence uncertainty) as well as in
     the values of measurements (noise uncertainty).  Almost all
     previous work in robotics has not distinguished between these
     two very different forms of uncertainty. In this paper we
     propose to model the uncertainty due to noise, e.g. the error in
     an object's position, by conventional covariance matrices. To
     represent the data association uncertainty, an hypothesis tree
     is constructed, the branches at any node representing different
     possible assignments of measurements to features. A rigorous
     Bayesian data association framework is then introduced that
     allows the probability of each hypothesis to be calculated.
     These probabilities can be used to guide an intelligent pruning
     strategy.  The multiple hypothesis tree allows decisions
     concerning the assignment of measurements to be postponed.
     Instead, many different hypotheses are considered.  Expected
     observations are predicted for each hypothesis and these are
     compared with actual measurements.  Hypotheses that have their
     predictions supported by measurements increase in probability
     compared with hypotheses whose predictions are unsupported. By
     ``looking ahead'' two or three time steps and examining the
     probabilities at the leaves of the tree, very accurate
     assignment decisions can be made. For dynamic world modeling,
     the approach results in multiple world models at a given time
     step, each one representing a possible interpretation of all
     past and current measurements and each having an associated
     probability. In addition, each geometric feature has an
     associated covariance that models the uncertainty due to noise.
     This framework is independent of the sensing modality, being
     applicable to most temporal data association problems. It is
     therefore appropriate for the broad class of vision, acoustic
     and range sensors currently used on existing mobile robots.
     Preliminary results using ultrasonic range data demonstrate the
     feasibility of the approach.  } ,
  topic = {robotics;dynamic-systems;reasoning-about-noisy-sensors;}  
  } 

@article{ cox_jwr:1963a,
  author = {J.W. Roxbee Cox},
  title = {Can {I} Know Beforehand What {I} Am Going to Decide?},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {72},
  pages = {88--92},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Discussion of ginet:1962a.},
  topic = {freedom;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ cox_mt-ram:1999a,
  author = {Michael T. Cox and Ashwin Ram},
  title = {Introspective Multistrategy Learning: On the Construction
  	of Learning Strategies},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {112},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--55},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A central problem in multistrategy learning systems is the
     selection and sequencing of machine learning algorithms for
     particular situations. This is typically done by the system
     designer who analyzes the learning task and implements the
     appropriate algorithm or sequence of algorithms for that task.
     We propose a solution to this problem which enables an AI system
     with a library of machine learning algorithms to select and
     sequence appropriate algorithms autonomously. Furthermore,
     instead of relying on the system designer or user to provide a
     learning goal or target concept to the learning system, our
     method enables the system to determine its learning goals based
     on analysis of its successes and failures at the performance
     task.  The method involves three steps: Given a performance
     failure, the learner examines a trace of its reasoning prior to
     the failure to diagnose what went wrong (blame assignment);
     given the resultant explanation of the reasoning failure, the
     learner posts explicitly represented learning goals to change
     its background knowledge (deciding what to learn); and given a
     set of learning goals, the learner uses nonlinear planning
     techniques to assemble a sequence of machine learning
     algorithms, represented as planning operators, to achieve the
     learning goals (learning-strategy construction).  In support of
     these operations, we define the types of reasoning failures, a
     taxonomy of failure causes, a second-order formalism to
     represent reasoning traces, a taxonomy of learning goals that
     specify desired change to the background knowledge of a system,
     and a declarative task-formalism representation of learning
     algorithms. We present the Meta-AQUA system, an implemented
     multistrategy learner that operates in the domain of story
     understanding. Extensive empirical evaluations of Meta-AQUA show
     that it performs significantly better in a deliberative, planful
     mode than in a reflexive mode in which learning goals are
     ablated and, furthermore, that the arbitrary ordering of
     learning algorithms can lead to worse performance than no
     learning at all. We conclude that explicit representation and
     sequencing of learning goals is necessary for avoiding negative
     interactions between learning algorithms that can lead to less
     effective learning.  } ,
  topic = {machine-learning;metareasoning;case-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cox_pt-pietrzykowski:1986a,
  author = {P. T. Cox and T. Pietrzykowski},
  title = {Causes for Events:  Their Computation and Applications},
  booktitle = {Proceedings, Eighth International Conference on
  	Automated Deduction (CADE-8)},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {J.  Siekmann},
  pages = {608--621},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name},
  contentnote = {This is what Stickel calls "most specific abduction".},
  topic = {causality;events;abduction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cox_pt-pietrzykowski:1987a,
  author = {P.T. Cox and T. Pietrzykowski},
  title = {General Diagnosis for Abductive Inference},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1987 Symposium on Logic
  	Programming},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {183--189},
  contentnote = {This is what Stickel calls "most specific abduction".},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, organization, publisher},
  topic = {theorem-proving;abduction;}  
  } 

@book{ coyne:1988a,
  author = {Richard Coyne},
  title = {Logic Models of Design},
  publisher = {Pitman},
  year = {1988},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0 273 08797 5},
  topic = {logic-programming;planning;macro-formalization;logic-in-cs;
  	CAD;spatial-arrangement-tasks;}  
 } 

@article{ cozman:2000a,
  author = {Fabio G. Cozman},
  title = {Credal Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {120},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--233},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper presents a complete theory of credal networks,
     structures that associate convex sets of probability measures
     with directed acyclic graphs.  Credal networks are graphical
     models for precise/imprecise beliefs. The main contribution of
     this work is a theory of credal networks that displays as much
     flexibility and representational power as the theory of standard
     Bayesian networks.  Results in this paper show how to express
     judgements of irrelevance and independence, and how to compute
     inferences in credal networks. A credal network admits several
     extensions---several sets of probability measures comply with
     the constraints represented by a network.  Two types of
     extensions are investigated. The properties of strong extensions
     are clarified through a new generalization of d-separation, and
     exact and approximate inference methods are described for strong
     extensions.  Novel results are presented for natural extensions,
     and linear fractional programming methods are described for
     natural extensions.  The paper also investigates credal networks
     that are defined globally through perturbations of a single
     network.},
  topic = {graph-based-reasoning;credal-networks;
  	reasoning-about-uncertainty;bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@article{ crabbe:2000a,
  author = {Marcel Crabb\'e},
  title = {The Rise and Fall of Typed Sentences},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1858--1862},
  contentnote = {This has to do with New Foundations.},
  topic = {type-theory;set-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ craig-tracey:1983b,
  author = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Conversational Coherence:  Form, Structure and Strategy},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ craig-tracy:1983a,
  editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey},
  title = {Conversational Coherence:  Form, Structure and Strategy},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1983},
  address = {London},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ crain-fodor_jd:1980a,
  author = {Stephen Crain and Janet D. Fodor},
  title = {How Can Grammers Help Parsers?},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Connecticut},
  missinginfo = {Year is a wild guess.},
  topic = {parsing-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ crain-steedman:1985a,
  author = {Stephen Crain and Mark Steedman},
  title = {On Not Being Led Up the Garden Path: The Use of Context by
  	the Psychological Parser},
  booktitle = {Natural Language Parsing: Psychological, Computational
  	and Theoretical Perspectives},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {David Dowty and Lauri Karttunen and Arnold Zwicky},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {parsing-psychology;context;}  
  } 

@book{ crain-thornton:1998a,
  author = {Stephen Crain and Rosalind Thornton},
  title = {Investigations in Universal Grammar: A Guide to
		Experiments on the Acquisition of Syntax and Semantics},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: guerts:2000a},
  topic = {L1-acquisition;semantics-acquisition;}  
 } 

@article{ crain-pietroski:2001a,
  author = {Stephen Crain and Paul Pietroski},
  title = {Nature, Nurture, and Universal Grammar},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {139--186},
  topic = {L1-acquisition;universal-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ crampe-euzenat:1998a,
  author = {Isabelle Cramp\'e and J\'er\^ome Euzenat},
  title = {Object Knowledge Base Revision},
  booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henri Prade},
  pages = {3--7},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {knowledge-base-revision;}  
  } 

@book{ crane:1996a,
  editor = {Tim Crane},
  title = {Dispositions: A Debate},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1996},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415144329},
  note = {A debate involving David M. Armstrong, C.B. Martin and
  	U.T. Place.},
  topic = {dispositions;}  
 } 

@article{ crane:2000a,
  author = {Tim Crane},
  title = {Review of {\it The Paradox of Self-Consciousness}, by
  	{J}os\'e Luis Berm\'udez},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {109},
  number = {4},
  pages = {624--627},
  xref = {Review of bermudez:1998a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@article{ craven-etal:2000a,
  author = {Mark Craven and Dan DiPasquo and Dayne Freitag and
  	Andrew McCallum and Tom Mitchell and Kamal Nigan
	and S\'ean Slattery},
  title = {Learning to Construct Knowledge Bases from the World Wide
  	Web},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {118},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {69--113},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The World Wide Web is a vast source of information accessible to
     computers, but understandable only to humans. The goal of the
     research described here is to automatically create a computer
     understandable knowledge base whose content mirrors that of the
     World Wide Web. Such a knowledge base would enable much more
     effective retrieval of Web information, and promote new uses of
     the Web to support knowledge-based inference and problem
     solving.  Our approach is to develop a trainable information
     extraction system that takes two inputs. The first is an
     ontology that defines the classes (e.g., company, person,
     employee, product) and relations (e.g., employed_by,
     produced_by) of interest when creating the knowledge base. The
     second is a set of training data consisting of labeled regions
     of hypertext that represent instances of these classes and
     relations.  Given these inputs, the system learns to extract
     information from other pages and hyperlinks on the Web.  This
     article describes our general approach, several machine learning
     algorithms for this task, and promising initial results with a
     prototype system that has created a knowledge base describing
     university people, courses, and research projects.},
  topic = {AI-and-the-internet;machine-learning;
  	computational-ontology;intelligent-information-retrieval;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cravo-etal:1999a,
  author = {Maria Cravo and Jo\~ao Cachopo and Ana Cachopo
		and Jo\~ao Martins},
  title = {Permissive Belief Revision (Preliminary Report)},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
	Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Michael Thielscher},
  pages = {17--24},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ crawford-kuipers_bj:1989a,
  author = {James M. Crawford and Benjamin Kuipers},
  title = {Towards a Theory of Access-Limited Logic for Knowledge
  	Representation},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {67--78},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {knowledge-representation;semantic-networks;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ crawford:1990a,
  author = {James Crawford},
  title = {Access-Limited Logic---A Language for Knowledge
  	Representation},
  school = {Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at
  	Austin},
  year = {1990},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Austin, Texas},
  note = {Also Technical Report {AI}90--141, Artificial Intelligence
  	Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin.},
  topic = {knowledge-representation;semantic-networks;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ crawford:1990b,
 author = {James Crawford and Adam Farquhar and Benjamin Kuipers},
 title = {{QPC}: a Compiler From Physical Models Into Qualitative
 	Differential Equations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {365--372},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ crawford-etherington:1992a,
  author = {James M. Crawford and David W. Etherington},
  title = {Formalizing Reasoning about Change: a Qualitative
  	Reasoning Approach},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
  pages = {577--583},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ crawford-auton:1993a,
  author = {James M. Crawford and L.D. Anton},
  title = {Experimental Results on the Crossover Point in Satisfiability
  	Problems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert},
  pages = {21--27},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  contentnote = {Efficient implementation of np-complete algs.},
  topic = {experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ crawford-etherington:1995a,
 author = {James M. Crawford and David W. Etherington},
 title = {Observations on Observations in Action Theories},
 booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theories and Applications},
 year = {1995},
 organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
 address = {Menlo Park, California},
 missinginfo = {pages},
 topic = {action;planning-formalisms;foundations-of-planning;}  
 } 

@article{ crawford-anton:1996a,
  author = {James M. Crawford and L.D. Anton},
  title = {Experimental Results on the Crossover Point in Random
		3-{SAT}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {81},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {31--57},
  topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;
  	computational-phase-transitions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ crawford-etal:1996a,
  author = {James Crawford and Matthew L. Ginsberg and Eugene Luck and
  	Amitabha Roy},
  title = {Symmetry-Breaking Predicates for Search Problems},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {148--159},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;complexity-in-AI;theorem-proving;planning;search;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ crawford-litman:1996a,
  author = {James M. Crawford and Diane Litman},
  title = {Path-Based Rules in Object-Oriented Programming},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {490--497},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;object-oriented-systems;expert-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ creaney:1998a,
  author = {Norman Creaney},
  title = {Review of {\it Surface Structure and Interpretation}, by
  	{M}ark {S}teedman},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {177--179},
  xref = {Review of steedman:1997a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ creary:1979a,
  author = {Lewis G. Creary},
  title = {Propositional Attitudes: {F}regean Representation and
  	Simulative Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Bruce Buchanan},
  pages = {176--181},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ creary-pollard:1985a,
  author = {Lewis G. Creary and Carl J. Pollard},
  title = {A Computational Semantics for Natural Language},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.  This is clearly a preprint but I do
  	not have the reference.},
  topic = {computational-semantics;HPSG;}  
  } 

@article{ creath:1977a,
  author = {Richard Creath},
  title = {The Root of the Problem},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {273--275},
  xref = {Comment on root:1977a.},
  topic = {synonymy;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ cremers:1996a,
  author = {Anita Cremers},
  title = {Review of {\it {D}eixis in {N}arrative: {A} {C}ognitive {S}cience
 	{P}erspective}, by {J}udith {F}. {D}uchan, {G}ail {A}. {B}ruder, and
	{L}ynne {E}. {H}ewitt},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {448--449},
  topic = {deixis;psycholinguistics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1967a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Propositional Identity},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {10},
  number = {39--40},
  pages = {283--292},
  topic = {propositions;higher-order-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1968a,
  title = {The Representation of Intensional Logics},
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur Mathematische Logik und
  	Grundlagen der Mathematik},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {289--298},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1970a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Classical Intensional Logics},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {347--372},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1972a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Intensional Logics and Logical Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {2--15},
  topic = {modal-logics;intensional-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ cresswell_mj:1973a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Logics and Languages},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1973},
  address = {London},
  contentnote = {TC:
  		1.  Syn & Sem of Propositional Languages
		2.  Propositional Logics
		3.  The Metaphysics of Propositions
		4.  The Structure of Propositions
		5.  Pure Categorial Languages
		6.  Abstraction and \lambda-categorial languages
		7.  The Metaphysics of Categorial Languages
		8.  Pragmatics
		9.  Some Parts of Speech
		10. More Parts of Speech
		11. Context-Dependence in English
		12. Words and Morphemes
		13. Obtaining Natural Languages
		14. Meaning and Use
  } ,
  xref = {Review: guenthner:1977a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;speech-acts;pragmatics;
  	categorial-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1973b,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Physical Theories and Possible Worlds},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nuuvelle S\'erie},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {16},
  number = {63--64},
  pages = {495--511},
  topic = {philosophy-of-possible-worlds;}  
  } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1973c,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Review of {\it Philosophical Problems in Logic: Some
  	Recent Developments}, edited by {K}arel {L}ambert},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {85},
  number = {1},
  pages = {158--164},
  xref = {Review of: lambert_k:1969a.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1974a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {A Semantics for a Logic of `Better'},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {17},
  number = {65--66},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {deontic-logic;comparative-constructions;evaluative-terms;}  
  } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1974b,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Adverbs and Events},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {28},
  pages = {455--481},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {adverbs;events;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cresswell_mj:1976a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {The Semantics of Degree},
  booktitle = {Montague Grammar},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Barbara H. Partee},
  pages = {261--292},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {nl-semantics;Montague-grammar;comparative-constructions;
  	adjectives;vagueness;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ cresswell_mj:1977a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Interval Semantics for Some Event Expressions},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Victoria University at Wellington.},
  topic = {events;nl-tense;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ cresswell_mj:1977b,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Relative Identity},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Victoria University at Wellington.},
  topic = {identity;semantics-of-common-nouns;}  
  } 

@book{ cresswell_mj:1977c,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Categorial Languages},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1977},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {type-theory;categorial-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1978a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Semantics and Logic},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {19--30},
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1978b,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Propositions and Points of View},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--41},
  topic = {indexicals;context;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cresswell_mj:1978c,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Semantic Competence},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Translation: Philosophical and Logical
  	Approaches},
  publisher = {New York University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and Monica Guenthner-Reutter},
  pages = {9--27},
  address = {New York},
  contentnote = {Argues for truth-conditional approach to semantic
  	competence.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1978d,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Review of {\it Presupposition and the Delimitation of
  	Semantics}, by {R}uth {K}empson},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {437--446},
  xref = {Review of kempson:1975a.},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cresswell_mj:1979a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Interval Semantics for Some Event Expressions},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {90--116},
  topic = {temporal-logic;events;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1979b,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Review of {\it Semantics}, by {J}ohn {L}yons},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  xref = {Review of lyons_j:1977a1, lyons_j:1977a2.},
  pages = {289--295},
  topic = {semantics-survey;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1980a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Jackson on Perception},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {66},
  pages = {123--147},
  topic = {epistemology;phenomenalism;logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1980b,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Quotational Theories of Propositional Attitudes},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17--40},
  topic = {syntactic-attitudes;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ cresswell_mj:1981a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {A Highly Impossible Scene: The Semantics of Visual
  	Contradictions},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Victoria University at Wellington.
  	Presented at conference on ``Meaning, Use and Interpretation
	of Language'' at Konstanz.  } ,
  topic = {logic-of-perception;inconsistency;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cresswell_mj:1981b,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Adverbs of Causation},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {21--37},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {causality;nl-semantics;adverbs;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cresswell_mj:1982a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {The Autonomy of Semantics},
  booktitle = {Processes, Beliefs, and Questions},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {Stanley Peters and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {69--86},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ cresswell_mj:1982b,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {De Re Belief Generalized},
  institution = {Universit\"at Konstanz},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Konstanz},
  xref = {See cresswell_mj-vonstechow:1982a.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;individual-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ cresswell_mj-vonstechow:1982a,
  author = {Maxwell J. Cresswell and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  title = {{\em De Re} Belief Generalized},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {503--535},
  xref = {See cresswell_mj:1982b.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;reference;}  
  } 

@book{ cresswell_mj:1985a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Structured Meanings},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  contentnote = {TC:
  		1.  Compositional Semantics: An Arithmetical Analogy
		2.  De Re Attitudes
		3.  Structured Meanings
		4.  Structural Ambiguity
		5.  Attitudes De Expressione
		6.  What Meanings Are
		7.  Why Meanings Are Not Internal Representations
		8.  Possible Worlds
		9.  A System of Intensions
		10. Structured Meanings Again
		11. Iterated Attitudes
		12. \lambda-Categorial Languages
		13. Indirect Discourse I
		14. Indirect Discourse II
		15. Discourse De Se
		16. Semantics in the Picture
  } ,
  xref = {Review: gupta_a-savion:1987a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes;
  	structured-propositions;}  
 } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1985b,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {The Decidable Modal Logics Are Not Recursively Enumerable},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {231--233},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1987a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Magari's Theorem Via the Recession Frame},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13--15},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1988a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Review of {\it Inquiry}, by {R}obert {C}. {S}talnaker},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {515--519},
  xref = {Review of stalnaker:1984a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-modality;propositional-attitudes;belief-revision;
		pragmatics;agent-attitudes;belief;}  
  } 

@book{ cresswell_mj:1994a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Language in the World: A Philosophical Enquiry},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  contentnote = {This is a defense of possible-worlds semantics.  The
  	core seems to be an argument that yes, the explication of
	semantic relations in a natural language involves causality,
	but that this causality is explicated in terms of pw's in a way
	that makes pw's a particularly natural tool for semantic theory.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1995a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Incompleteness and the {B}arcan Formula},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {379--403},
  topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@book{ cresswell_mj-hughes:1995a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell and G.E. Hughes},
  title = {A New Introduction to Modal Logic},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1995},
  address = {London},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ cresswell_mj:1996a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Semantic Indexicality},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792339142},
  topic = {indexicals;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:1999a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Review of {\it Handbook of Logic and Language},
  	by Johan {van Benthem} and {A}lice {ter Meulen}},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {435--438},
  xref = {Review of vanbenthem-termeulen:1996a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ cresswell_mj:2000a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell},
  title = {Review of {\it Advances in Modal Logic}, by
  	{M}arcus {K}racht and {M}aarten de {R}ijke and {H}einrich
	{W}ansing},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {3},
  pages = {440--442},
  xref = {Review of kracht-etal:1998a.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ cresti:1995a,
  author = {Diana Cresti},
  title = {Indefinite Topics},
  school = {Linguistics Department, Massachusetts Institute of
  	Technology},
  year = {1995},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {indefiniteness;s-topic;presupposition;nl-quantifier-scope;}  
 } 

@book{ creswell:1997a,
  author = {John W. Creswell},
  title = {Qualitative Inquiry},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {qualitative-methods;}  
 } 

@book{ creswell_jw:1997a,
  author = {John W. Creswell},
  title = {Qualitative Inquiry},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {qualitative-methods;}  
 } 

@article{ crimmins-perry:1989a1,
  author = {Mark Crimmins and John Perry},
  title = {The Prince and the Phone Booth: Reporting Puzzling
  	Beliefs},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {86},
  pages = {685--711},
  xref = {Republication: crimmins-perry:1989a2.},
  topic = {reference;foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes;
  	belief;}  
  } 

@incollection{ crimmins-perry:1989a2,
  author = {Mark Crimmins and John Perry},
  title = {The Prince and the Phone Booth: Reporting Puzzling
  	Beliefs},
  booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Peter Ludlow},
  pages = {963--991},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of crimmins-perry:1989a1.},
  topic = {reference;foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes;
  	belief;}  
  } 

@book{ crimmins:1992a,
  author = {Mark Crimmins},
  title = {Talk about Beliefs},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {026203185X},
  xref = {Review: boer:1994a.},
  topic = {belief;}  
 } 

@article{ crimmins:1992b,
  author = {Mark Crimmins},
  title = {Context in the Attitudes},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {185--198},
  topic = {context;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ crimmins:1998a,
  author = {Mark Crimmins},
  title = {Hesperus and {P}hosphorus: Sense, Pretense, and Reference},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--47},
  topic = {sense-reference;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ crimmins:1999a,
  author = {Mark Crimmins},
  title = {Semantics},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Posted at http://www-personal.umich.edu/\user{}markcrim/u107.html.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ crimmins:1999b,
  author = {Mark Crimmins},
  title = {Philosophy of Language},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Posted at http://www-personal.umich.edu/\user{}markcrim/u107.html.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@techreport{ criscuolo-etal:1994a,
  author = {Giovanni Criscuolo and Fausto Giunchiglia and Luciano
  	Serafini},
  title = {A Foundation of Metalogical Reasoning},
  institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica (IRST)},
  number = {Technical Report 9403-02},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Trento},
  topic = {metareasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ crisp-warfield:2001a,
  author = {Thomas M. Crisp and Ted A. Warfield},
  title = {Review of {\it Mind in a Physical World}, by {J}aegwon
  	{K}im},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {35},
  number = {2},
  pages = {304--316},
  xref = {Review of kim_jw:1998a.},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cristani-etal:2000a,
  author = {M. Cristani and Anthony G. Cohn and B. Bennett},
  title = {Spatial Locations via Morpho-Mereology},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {15--25},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;mereology;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cristea-webber:1997a,
  author = {Dan Cristea and Bonnie Webber},
  title = {Expectations in Incremental Discourse Parsing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {88--95},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-structure;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ cristea-etal:1998a,
  author = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Laurent Romary},
  title = {Veins Theory: A Model of Global Discourse Cohesion and
  	Coherence},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {281--285},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;}  
} 

@incollection{ cristea-etal:1999a,
  author = {Dan Cristea and Daniel Marcu and Nancy Ide and Valentin
        Tablan},
  title = {Discourse Structure and Co-Reference: An Empirical Study},
  booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and
  	Reference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu},
  pages = {46--53},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-structure;anaphora-resolution;}  
  } 

@book{ cristea-etal:1999b,
  editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu},
  title = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and
  	Reference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Robert Kasper and Paul Davis and Craige Roberts, "An
     		Integrated Approach to Reference and Presupposition
		Resolution", pp. 1--10
     2. Tomoko Matsui, "Approaches to {J}apanese Zero
     		Pronouns", pp.  11--20
     3. Harksoo Kim and Jeong-Mi Cho and Jungyun Seo, "Anaphora Resolution
     		Using an Extended Centering Algorithm in a Multi-Modal
		Dialogue System", pp. 21--28
     4. Sandra Harabagiu and Stephen Maiorano, "Knowledge-Lean
     		Coreference Resolution and Its Relation
		to Textual Cohesion and Coreference", pp. 29--38
     5. Elena Not and Lucia M. Tovena and Massimo Zancanaro,
     		"Positing and Resolving Bridging Anaphora in Deverbal
		{NP}s", pp. 39--45
     6. Dan Cristea and Daniel Marcu and Nancy Ide and Valentin
     		Tablan, "Discourse Structure and Co-Reference: An
		Empirical Study", pp. 46--53
     7. Jonathan DeCristofaro and Michael Strube and Kathleen
     		F. McCoy, "Building a Tool for Annotating Reference
		in Discourse", pp. 54--62
     8. Kathleen F. McCoy and Michael Strube, "Generating Anaphoric
     		Expressions: Pronoun or Definite Description?", pp. 63--71
     9. Rodger Kibble, "Cb or Not {Cb}?: Centering Theory Applied to
     		{NLG}", pp. 72--81
    10. Peter C. Gordon and Randall Hendrick, "Comprehension of
    		Coreferential Expressions", pp. 82--89
    11. Helen Seville and Allan Ramsay, "Reference-Based Discourse
    		Structure for Reference Resolution", pp. 90--99
    12. Frank Schilder, "Reference Hashed", pp. 100--109
    13. Livia Polanyi and Martin van den Berg, "Logical Structure
    		and Discourse Anaphora Resolution", pp. 110--117
    } ,
  topic = {discourse-structure;anaphora;reference;}  
 } 

@incollection{ cristiani:2002a,
  author = {Matteo Cristiani},
  title = {Many-Sorted Preference Relations},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {265--276},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;preferences;} 
  } 

@article{ cristianini-schollkopf:2002a,
  author = {Nello Cristianini and Bernhard Sch\"ollkopf},
  title = {Support Vector Machines and Kernel Methods: The New 
  	Generation of Learning Machines},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {31--41},
  topic = {kernal-methods;machine-learning;} 
 } 

@book{ crittenden:1991a,
  author = {Charles Crittenden},
  title = {Unreality: The Metaphysics of Fictional Objects},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  xref = {Review: taschek:1993a.},
  topic = {fiction;logic-of-existence;}  
 } 

@article{ crivelli-williamson_t:1998a,
  author = {Paoli Crivelli Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Review of {\it A New Introduction to Modal Logic}, by
  	{M}ax {J}. {C}resswell and {G}.{E}. {H}ughes},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {3},
  pages = {471--471},
  xref = {Review of: hughes_ge-cresswell_mj:1996a.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ crocco-lamarre:1992a,
  author = {Gabriella Crocco and Philippe Lamarre},
  title = {On the Connection between Non-Monotonic Inference Systems
  	and Conditional Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {565--571},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;conditionals;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ crocco-etal:1995a,
  editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas
  	Herzig},
  title = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. G. Crocco and L Fari\~nas del Cerro and
		Andreas Herzig, "Introduction", pp. 1--12
  	2. S.O. Hansson, "The Emperor's New Clothes:  Some Recurring
		Problems in the Formal Analysis of
                Conditionals", pp. 13--31
  	3. H. Katsuno and K. Satoh, "A Unified View of Consequence
		Relation, Belief Revision, and Conditional
                Logic", pp. 33--65
  	4. C.E. Alcourr\'on, "Defeasible Logics: Demarcation and
		Affinities", pp. 67--102
  	5. Nicholas Asher, "Commonsense Entailment: A Conditional
		Logic for Some Generics", pp. 103--145
  	6. S. Lindstr\"om and W. Rabinowicz, "The Ramsey Test
                Revisited", pp. 147--191
  	7. Horacio L. Arl\'o Costa, "Epistemic Logic, Snakes, and
                Stars", pp. 193--239
  	8. Krister Segerberg, "Conditional Action", pp. 341--265
  	9. Craig Boutilier and Mois\'es Goldszmidt, "On the Revision
		of Conditional Belief Sets", pp. 267--300
       10. Didier Dubois and Henri Prade, "Conditional Objects,
       		Possibility Theory and Default Rules", pp. 301--336
       11. Dov M. Gabbay, "Conditional Implications and Non-Monotonic
       		Consequence", pp. 337--359
  } ,
  topic = {conditionals;}  
 } 

@incollection{ crocco-etal:1995b,
  author = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas
  	Herzig},
  title = {Introduction (to {\it Conditionals: From Philosophy to
  	Computer Science}},
  booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig},
  pages = {1--12},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ crocco-farinasdelcerro:1996a,
  author = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro},
  title = {Counterfactuals: Foundations for Nonmonotonic Inferences},
  booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in
  	Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott},
  pages = {173--207},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;proof-theory;
  	substructural-logics;}  
  } 

@book{ crocker-etal:2000a,
  editor = {Matthew W. Crocker and Martin Pickering and
  	Charles {Clifton, Jr.}},
  title = {Architectures and Mechanisms for Language Processing},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0-521-63121-1},
  xref = {Review: weinberg_a:2000a.},
  topic = {parsing-psychology;psycholinguistics;}  
 } 

@techreport{ croft_w:1984a,
  author = {William Croft},
  title = {The Representation of Adverbs, Adjectives, and Events
  	in Logical Form},
  institution = {Artificial Intelligence Center, SRI International},
  number = {344},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {nl-semantics;events;adverbs;adjectives;} 
  } 

@incollection{ croft_w:1993a,
  author = {William Croft},
  title = {Case Marking and the Semantics of Mental Verbs},
  booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  pages = {55--72},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;thematic-roles;psych-verbs;}  
  } 

@article{ croft_w:1993b,
  author = {William Croft},
  title = {Review of {\it Common Sense Reasoning}, by
  	{E}rnest {D}avis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {61},
  number = {1},
  pages = {105--112},
  xref = {Review of davis_e:1991a.},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ croft_wb:2000a,
  editor = {W. Bruce Croft},
  title = {Advances in Information Retrieval: Recent Research from
  	the Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-7923-7812-1},
  xref = {Review: harabagiu:2001a.},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ cross_cb:1984a,
  author = {Charles B. Cross},
  title = {Explanation and Conditional Logic},
  year = {1984},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {conditionals;explanation;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ cross_cb:1985a,
  author = {Charles B. Cross},
  title = {Studies in the Semantics of Modality},
  school = {Philosophy Department, University of Pittsburgh},
  year = {1985},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {modal-logic;ability;causality;probability-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ cross_cb:1985b,
  author = {Charles B. Cross},
  title = {Jonathan {B}ennett on `Even If'\, } ,
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {353--357},
  topic = {nl-semantics;`even';conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ cross_cb:1986a,
  author = {Charles B. Cross},
  title = {`{C}an' and the Logic of Ability},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {50},
  pages = {53--64},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {ability;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cross_cb-thomason_rh:1987a,
  author = {Charles B. Cross and Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Update and Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems: Proceedings of
  	the Sixth International Symposium},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Zbigniew Ras and M. Zemankova},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  pages = {392--399},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cross_cb:1990a,
  author = {Charles Cross},
  title = {Belief Revision, Non-Monotonic Reasoning, and the {R}amsey
  	Test},
  booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Cnrlson},
  pages = {223--224},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {belief-revision;Ramsey-test;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ cross_cb:1991a,
  author = {Charles B. Cross},
  title = {Desire, Belief, and Satisfactory Situations},
  year = {1991},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Georgia},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;desire;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cross_cb-thomason_rh:1992a,
  author = {Charles B. Cross and Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Conditionals and Knowledge-Base Update},
  booktitle = {Belief Revision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  pages = {246--275},
  address = {Cambridge},
  topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ cross_cb:1993a,
  author = {Charles B. Cross},
  title = {From Worlds to Probabilities:  A Probabilistic Semantics for
		Modal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {169--192},
  topic = {modal-logic;probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ cross_cb:1997a,
  author = {Charles B. Cross},
  title = {The Modal Logic of Discrepancy},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {143--168},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ cross_cb:1999a,
  author = {Charles B. Cross},
  title = {The Paradox of the Knower without Epistemic Closure},
  year = {1999},
  month = {November},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy,
  	University of Georgia.},
  xref = {Publication: cross_cb:2001a.},
  topic = {syntactic-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ cross_cb:2000a,
  author = {Charles B. Cross},
  title = {A Characterization of Imaging in Terms of {P}opper
  	Functions},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {67},
  number = {2},
  pages = {316--318},
  topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;imaging;
  	probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@article{ cross_cb:2001a,
  author = {Charles B. Cross},
  title = {The Paradox of the Knower without Epistemic Closure},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {438},
  pages = {319--333},
  topic = {syntactic-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ cross_cb:2001b,
  author = {Charles B. Cross},
  title = {A Theorem Concerning Syntactical Treatments of 
  	Nonidealized Belief},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {129},
  number = {3},
  pages = {335--341},
  topic = {syntactic-attitudes;}  
  } 

@book{ cross_r:1968a,
  author = {Rupert Cross},
  title = {Precedent in {E}nglish Law},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1968},
  topic = {legal-precedent;}  
    } 

@article{ crouch-pulman:1993a,
  author = {R.S. Crouch and S.G. Pulman},
  title = {Time and Modality in a Natural Language Interface to a
  	Planning System},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {265--304},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper describes a natural language interface to nonlinear
     planning systems. We focus on the treatments of temporal and
     modal information in logical form (LF, a semantic representation
     for natural language interpretation), and in plan query language
     (PQL, a language designed for framing questions about and
     describing nonlinear plans). A number of differences between the
     two formalisms emerge, and we discuss ways in which they can be
     reconciled to provide an interface between LF and PQL.},
  topic = {nl-tense;nl-interfaces;}  
       } 

@incollection{ crow:1983a,
  author = {Brian K. Crow},
  title = {Topic Shifts in Couples' Conversation},
  booktitle = {Conversational Coherence:  Form, Structure and Strategy},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey},
  pages = {136--156},
  address = {London},
  topic = {d-topic;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ crumley:1999a,
  author = {Jack S. {Crumley II}},
  title = {An Introduction to Epistemology},
  publisher = {Mayfield Publishing Co.},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Mountain View, California},
  topic = {epistemology;philosophy-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ cruse:2000a,
  author = {Alan Cruse},
  title = {Meaning in Language: An Introduction to Semantics and
  	Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {semantics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ cruse_da:1986a,
  author = {David A. Cruse},
  title = {Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ cruse_da:1995a,
  author = {David A. Cruse},
  title = {Polysemy and Related Phenomena from a Cognitive Linguistic
  	Viewpoint},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {33--49},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-kr;lexical-semantics;nl-polysemy;}  
  } 

@book{ cruttenden:1986a,
  author = {Allen Cruttenden},
  title = {Intonation},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge},
  year = {1986},
  topic = {intonation;prosody;}  
} 

@book{ crystal:1969a,
  author = {David Crystal},
  title = {Prosodic Systems and Intonation in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1969},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {prosody;intonation;}  
 } 

@book{ crystal:1991a,
  author = {David Crystal},
  title = {A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics},
  edition = {3rd},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {linguistics-terminology;linguistics-general;}  
 } 

@article{ csazar:1955a,
  author = {A. Cs\'asa\'r},
  title = {Sur la Structure des Espaces de Probalilit\'e
  	Conditionelle},
  journal = {Acta Mathematicaa Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae},
  year = {1955},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {337--361},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ csinger-poole:1993a,
  author = {Andrew Csinger and David Poole},
  title = {Hypothetically Speaking},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {1179--1183},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {nm-ling;default-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;
  	discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cucchiarelli-etal:1998a,
  author = {Alessandro Cucchiarelli and Danilo Luzi and Paola Velardi},
  title = {Automatic Semantic Tagging of Unknown Proper Names},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {286--292},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {personal-name-recognition;}  
} 

@article{ cucchiarelli-velardi:2001a,
  author = {Alessandro Cucchiarelli and Paola Velardi},
  title = {Unsupervised Named Entity Recognition Using
  	Syntactic and Semantic Contextual Evidence},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {123--131},
  topic = {personal-name-recognition;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cui_bq-etal:1999a,
  author = {Baoqui Cui and Terrance Swift and David S. Warren},
  title = {A Case Study in Using Preference Logic Grammars
         for Knowledge Representation},
  booktitle = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1730:
            Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Michael Gelfond and Nicola Leone and Gerald Pfeifer},
  pages = {206--220},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {model-preference;kr;}  
 } 

@article{ cui_bq-swift_t:2002a,
  author = {Baoaiu Cui and Terrance Swift},
  title = {Preference Logic Grammars: Fixed Point Semantics and 
  	Application to Data Standardization},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {138},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {117--147},
  topic = {logic-programming;model-preference;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ cui_z-etal:1992a,
  author = {Zhan Cui and Anthony G. Cohn and David A. Randell},
  title = {Qualitative Simulation Based on a Logical Formulation of
  	Space and Time},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
  pages = {679--684},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ culicover-etal:1977a,
  editor = {Peter W. Culicover and Thomas Wasow and Adrian Akmajian},
  title = {Formal Syntax},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1977},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0121992403},
  topic = {nl-syntax;}  
 } 

@book{ culicover-rochemont:1981a,
  author = {Peter W. Culicover and Michael Rochemont},
  title = {Stress and Focus in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {School of Social Sciences, University of California},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Irvine, California},
  ISBN = {0521364124},
  topic = {stress;sentence-focus;English-language;}  
 } 

@book{ cullicover:1981a,
  author = {Peter Cullicover},
  title = {Negative Curiosities},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {negation;}  
 } 

@book{ cullicover:1997a,
  author = {Peter W. Cullicover},
  title = {Principles and Parameters: An Introduction to Syntactic Theory},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nl-syntax;principles-and-parameters-syntax;}  
 } 

@article{ cullicover-jackendoff:1997a,
  author = {Peter W. Cullicover and Ray Jackendoff},
  title = {Semantic Subordination Despite Syntactic Coordination},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {28},
  number = {2},
  pages = {195--230},
  contentnote = {Extended study of a purported mismatch between
  	syntactic structure and semantic representation.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ cullity-gaut:1997a,
  editor = {Garrett Cullity and Berys Gaut},
  title = {Ethics and Practical Reason},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198236468 (hardcover)},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ culy:1985a,
  author = {Christopher Culy},
  title = {The Complexity of the Vocabulary of {B}ambara},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {345--351},
  topic = {formal-language-theory;nl-syntax;Bambara-language;}  
  } 

@article{ culy:1996a,
  author = {Christopher Culy},
  title = {Formal Properties of Natural Language and Linguistic
  	Theories},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {19},
  number = {6},
  pages = {599--617},
  topic = {formal-language-theory;foundations-of-syntax;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cumby-roth:2000a,
  author = {Chad Cumby and Dan Roth},
  title = {Relational Representations that Facilitate Learning},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {425--434},
  topic = {machine-learning;concept-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ cummins-gottlieb:1972a,
  author = {Robert Cummins and Dale Gottlieb},
  title = {On an Argument for Truth-Functionality},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {265--269},
  topic = {truth-functionality;}  
  } 

@article{ cummins_r:1975a,
  author = {Robert Cummins},
  title = {Truth and Logical Form},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--44},
  topic = {logical-form;truth-definitions;Davidson-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ cummins_r-gottlieb:1976a,
  author = {Robert Cummins and Dale Gottlieb},
  title = {Better Total Consequences: Utilitarianism and
  	Extrinsic Value},
  journal = {Metaphilosophy},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3/4},
  pages = {286--306},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
  } 

@article{ cummins_r:1977a,
  author = {Robert Cummins},
  title = {Reply to {H}ugly and {S}ayward},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {353--354},
  contentnote = {This is a reply to hugly-sayward:1977a.},
  topic = {logical-form;truth-definitions;Davidson-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ cummins_r:1983a,
  author = {Robert Cummins},
  title = {The Nature of Psychological Explanation},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophy-of-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ cummins_r:1989a,
  author = {Robert Cummins},
  title = {Meaning and Mental Representation},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;
  	philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@book{ cummins_r-pollock:1991a,
  editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock},
  title = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  contentnote = {Chapters:
	1. Michael Bratman and David Israel and Martha Pollack, "Plans
		and Resource-Bounded Practical Reasoning", pp. 1--22
	2. Robert Cummins, "Cross-Domain Inference and Problem
		Embedding", pp. 23--38
	3. Jon Doyle, "The Foundations of Psychology: A Logico-Computational
		Inquiry into the Concept of Mind", pp. 39--77
	4. Jennifer Elgot-Drapkin, Michael Miller, and Donald
		Perlis, "Memory, Reason, and Time: the Step-Logic
		Approach", pp 79--103
	5. Glymour, Kelley and Spirtes, "Artificial Intelligence and Hard
		Problems: The Expected Complexity of Problem
                Solving", pp. 105--128
	6. Henry Kyburg, "Normative and Descriptive Ideals", pp. 129--139
	7. Ron Loui, "Ampliative Inference, Computation, and
                Dialectic", pp. 141--155
	8. Judea Pearl, "Probabilistic Semantics for Nonmonotonic
		Reasoning", pp. 157--187
	9. John L. Pollock, "OSCAR: A General Theory of
                Rationality", pp. 189--213
	10. Suuart C. Shapiro and William Rapaport, "Models and Minds:
		Knowledge Representation for Natural-Language
		Competence", pp. 215--259
	11. Yoav Shoham, "Implementing the Intensional Stance", pp. 261--277
	12. Paul Thagard, "The Dinosaur Debate: Explanatory Coherence and
		the Problem of Competing Hypotheses", pp. 279--300
 } ,
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ cummins_r:1996a,
  author = {Robert Cummins},
  title = {Representations, Targets, and Attitudes},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: egan:1998a.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;philosophy-of-mind;
  	foundations-of-semantics;intentionality;
  	foundations-of-cognition;}  
 } 

@article{ cummins_r:1996b,
  author = {Robert Cummins},
  title = {Systematicity},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {93},
  number = {12},
  missinginfo = {pages = 591--???},
  topic = {philosophy-of-cogsci;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@article{ cummins_r:1997a,
  author = {Robert Cummins},
  title = {The Lot of the Causal Theory of Mental Content},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {10},
  pages = {535--542},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;propositional-attitudes;
  	foundations-of-cognition;}  
  } 

@book{ cummins_r-cummins_dd:1999a,
  editor = {Robert Cummins and Denise Dellarosa Cummins},
  title = {Minds, Brains, Computers: The Foundations of
  	Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {1-55786-877-8 (pb)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-cogsci;}  
 } 

@article{ cummins_r-etal:2002a,
  author = {Robert Cummins and Alexa Lee and Martin Roth and David
  	Byrd and Pierre Poirier},
  title = {Review of {\it On Clear and Confused Ideas: An Essay about
  	SUbstance Concepts}, by {R}uth {G}arrett {M}illikan},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {99},
  number = {2},
  pages = {102--108},
  xref = {Review of: millikan:2000a.},
  topic = {metaphysics;individuation;} 
  } 

@incollection{ cunningham-etal:1998a,
  author = {Hamish Cunningham and Mark Stevenson and Yorick Wilks},
  title = {Implementing a Sense Tagger in a General
		Architecture for Text Engineering},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in 
  	Language Processing and Computational Natural Language
	Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {David M.W. Powers},
  pages = {59--72},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-tagging;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cunningham_h-etal:1998a,
  author = {Hamish Cunningham and Mark Stevenson and Yorick Wilks},
  title = {Implementing a Sense Tagger in a General
		Architecture for Text Engineering},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {59--71},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;}  
  } 

@article{ cunningham_s1:1997a,
  author = {Suzanne Cunningham},
  title = {Two Faces of Intentionality},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {64},
  number = {3},
  pages = {445--460},
  topic = {intentionality;}  
  } 

@book{ cunningham_s2-hubbold:1992a,
  editor = {S. Cunningham and R.J. Hubbold},
  title = {Interactive Learning Through Visualization : The Impact of
    Computer Graphics in Education},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540551050},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Andries van Dam, "Electronic Books and Interactive
               Illustrations: Transcript of a Talk"
	2. Richard L. Phillips, "Opportunities for Multimedia in
               Education"
	3. John Lansdown, "Mnemotechnics and the Challenge
               of Hypermedia"
	4. Christoph Hornung, "Cooperative Learning Using
               Hypermedia"
	5. G. Scott Owen, "Hyper{G}raph: A Hypermedia System
               for Computer Graphics Education"
	6. Shogo Nishida, "Hyper-Simulator Based Learning
               Environment to Enhance Human Understanding"
	7. Thomas G. West, "Visual Thinkers, Mental Models and
               Computer Visualization"
       10. Judith R. Brown, "The Multi-Faceted Blackboard: Computer Graphics
               in Higher Education"
       11. Charlie Gunn, "Remarks on Mathematical Courseware"
       12. Kenneth O'Connell, "Visualization of Concepts in Physics"
       13. Hermann Haertel, "Visual Ways of Knowing, Thinking, and
               Interacting"
       14. Jonathan P. Taylor, "Prospero: A System for Representing
               the Lazy Evaluation of Functions"
       15. Jacques Raymond, "Computer aSsisted Lecturing: One
       		Implementation"
       16. Joan Truckenbrod and Barbara Mones-Hattal, "Interactive
              Computer Graphics via Telecommunications"
       17. Donna J. Cox, "Collaborative Computer
               Graphics Education"
       18. Bernard Levrat, "Portability of Educational Materials
               Using Graphics"
       19. Adele Newton, "Collaboration between Industry and
               Academia: Computer Graphics in Design Education"
       20. Ahmad H. Nasri, "Computer Graphics in Computer Graphics
               Education"
       21. Albert Paoluzzi, "Solid Modeling in Computer Graphics Education"
   } ,
  topic = {computer-graphics;computer-assisted-education;}  
 } 

@incollection{ currie_g:1995a,
  author = {Gregory Currie},
  title = {Imagination and Simulation: Aesthetics
		Meets Cognitive Science},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {151--169},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation;
  	psychology-of-pretense;}  
  } 

@article{ currie_k-tate:1991a,
  author = {Ken Currie and Austin Tate},
  title = {O-Plan: The Open Planning Architecture},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {52},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49--86},
  topic = {planning;}  
  } 

@book{ curry:1963a,
  author = {Haskell Curry},
  title = {Foundations of Mathematical Logic},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1963},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {logic-classics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ cushing_jt:2000a,
  author = {James T. Cushing},
  title = {Bohmian Insights into Quantum Chaos},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S430--S445},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {quantum-chaos;}  
  } 

@book{ cushing_s:1977a,
  author = {Stephen Cushing},
  title = {The Formal Semantics of Quantification},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;fractional-quantifiers;quantifiers;}  
 } 

@article{ cushing_s:1987a,
       author = {Steven Cushing},
  title = {Some Quantifiers Require Two-Predicate Scopes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {32},
  number = {2},
  pages = {259--267},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Predicate calculus has long served as the basis of mathematical
     logic and has more recently achieved widespread use in
     artificial intelligence. This system of logic expresses
     propositions in terms of quantifications, restricting itself to
     the universal and existential quantifiers ``all'' and ``some'',
     which appear to be adequate for formalizing mathematics. Systems
     that aspire to deal with natural language or everyday reasoning,
     however, must attempt to deal with the full range of quantifiers
     that occur in such language and reasoning, including, in
     particular, plurality quantifiers, such as ``most'', ``many'',
     and ``few''. The logic of such quantifiers forces an extension
     of the predicate-calculus framework to a system of
     representation that involves more than one predicate in each
     quantification. In this paper, we prove this result for the
     specific case of ``most''. Unlike some other arguments that
     attempt to establish the inadequacy of standard predicate
     calculus on the basis of intuitive plausibility judgements as to
     the likely character of human reasoning [11, 19], our result is
     a theorem of logic itself.},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cussens-hunter:1991a,
  author = {James Cussens and Anthony Hunter},
  title = {Using Defeasible Logic for a Window on a Probabilistic
  	Database: Some Preliminary Notes},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {146--152},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;probabilities;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@incollection{ cussens-pulman:2000a,
  author = {James Cussens and Stephen Pulman},
  title = {Incorporating Linguistics Constraints into Inductive Logic
  	Programming},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {184--193},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {grammar-learning;inductive-logic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ custer:1998a,
  author = {Bradley P. Custer},
  title = {Position Paper on Appropriate Audio/Visual {T}uring Test},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {287--288},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {turing-test;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cutler:1974a,
  author = {Anne Cutler},
  title = {On Saying What you Mean Without Meaning What You Say},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth Regional Meeting of the
  	Chicago Linguistics Society},
  year = {1974},
  pages = {117--217},
  editor = {M. LaGaly and R.A. Fox and A. Brock},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society},
  address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {implicature;speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ cutler:1977a,
  author = {Anne Cutler},
  title = {The Context Dependence of `Intonational Meaning'},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth Regional Meeting of the
  	Chicago Linguistics Society},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {W. Beach and S. Fox and S. Philosoph},
  pages = {104--115},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society},
  address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {intonation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ cutler:1987a,
  author = {Anne Cutler},
  title = {The Task of the Speaker and the Task of the Hearer},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {715--716},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conversation;implicature;}  
  } 

@article{ cvetkovic-pevac:1988a,
  author = {Drago\u{s} Cvetkovi\'{c} and Irena Pevac},
  title = {Man-Machine Theorem Proving in Graph Theory},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--23},
  topic = {theorem-proving;computer-assisted-science;}  
  } 

@book{ cyert-march:1963a,
  author = {Richard M. Cyert and J.G. March},
  title = {A Behavioral Theory of the Firm},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1963},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {management-science;}  
 } 

@incollection{ czelakowski:1996a,
  author = {Janusz Czelakowski},
  title = {Elements of Formal Action Theory},
  booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in
  	Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott},
  pages = {3--62},
  address = {Berlin},
  contentnote = {This is a useful survey article on the philosophical
  	side of action theory.  The author is apparently unaware
  	of the work in AI.},
  topic = {action;action-formalisms;STIT;}  
  } 

@article{ czermak:1974a,
  author = {J. Czermak},
  title = {A Logical Calculus with Descriptions},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {211--228},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ daciuk-etal:1998a,
  author = {Jan Daciuk and Bruce W. Watson and Richard E. Watson},
  title = {Incremental Construction of Minimal Acyclic Finite
		State Automata and Transducers},
  booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State
  	Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Lauri Karttunen},
  pages = {48--55},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;finite-state-nlp;finite-state-automata;
  	construction-of-FSA;}  
  } 

@article{ daciuk-etal:2000a,
  author = {Jan Daciuk and Stoyan Mihov and Bruce W. Watson and
  	Richard E. Watson},
  title = {Incremental Construction of Minimal Acyclic Finite-State
  	Automata},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--16},
  topic = {finite-state-nlp;finite-state-automata;}  
  } 

@article{ dacosta-doria:1995a,
  author = {Newton C.A. da Costa and Francesco Doria},
  title = {On {J}a\'skowski's Discussive Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {54},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--60},
  topic = {paraconsistency;quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ dacosta-etal:1998a,
  author = {Newton C.A. da Costa and Ot\'avia Bueno and Steven
  	French},
  title = {The Logic of Pragmatic Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {6},
  pages = {603--621},
  topic = {modal-logic;paraconsistency;}  
  } 

@article{ dacosta-bueno:1999a,
  author = {Newton C.A. da Costa and Ot\'avio Bueno},
  title = {Review of {\it Russell et le Cercle des Paradoxes},
  	by {P}hilippe de {R}ouilhan},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {64},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1845--1847},
  xref = {Review of: derouilhan:1996a},
  topic = {Russell;paradoxes;}  
  } 

@book{ daelemans-gazdar:1980a,
  editor = {Walter Daelemans and Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {Inheritance and Natural Language Processing: Workshop
  	Proceedings},
  publisher = {Institute for Language Technology and AI, Tilburg
  	University},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Tilburg},
 } 

@phdthesis{ daelemans:1987a,
  author = {Walter Daelemans.},
  title = {Studies in Language Technology: An Object-Oriented
	Computer Model of Morphophonological Aspects of {D}utch},
  school = {Katholieke Universiteit Leuven},
  year = {1987},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Leuven},
  topic = {Dutch-language;morphology;nml;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ daelemans:1987b,
  author = {Walter Daelemans},
  title = {A Tool for the Automatic Creation, Extension, and Updating
  	of Lexical Knowledge Bases},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Conference of the {E}uropean
  	{C}hapter of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1987},
  organization = {{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  pages = {70--74},
  missinginfo = {editor, address, publisher},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@article{ daelemans-etal:1992a,
  author = {Walter Daelemans and Koenraad De Smedt and Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {Inheritance in Natural Language Processing},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {205--218},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {inheritance;computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ daelemans:1998a,
  author = {Walter Daelemans},
  title = {Abstraction is Harmful in Language Learning (Abstract)},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {David M.W. Powers},
  pages = {1},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-learning;nl-processing;abstraction;}  
  } 

@article{ daelemans:2001a,
  author = {Walter Daelemans},
  title = {Review of {\it Learnability in Optimality Theory}, by
  	{B}ruce {T}esar and {P}aul {S}molensky},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {316--317},
  xref = {Review of: tesar-smolensky:2000a.},
  topic = {grammar-learning;optimality-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dagan-etal:1997a,
  author = {Ido Dagan and Yale Kerov and Dan Roth},
  title = {Mistake-Driven Learning in Text Categorization},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {55--63},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;machine-learning;
		topic-extraction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dagan-etal:1997b,
  author = {Ido Dagan and Lillian Lee and Fernando Pereira},
  title = {Similarity-Based Methods for Word Sense Disambiguation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {56--63},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;nl-processing;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dagostino-hollenberg:1998a,
  author = {Giovanna D'Agostino and Marco Hollenberg},
  title = {Uniform Interpolation, Automata and the Modal
  	$\mu$-Calculus},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {73--84},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ dagostino_f:1984a,
  author = {Fred D'Agostino},
  title = {Chomsky on Creativity},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {58},
  number = {1},
  pages = {63--117},
  topic = {Chomsky;creativity;}  
  } 

@article{ dagostino_m:1992a,
  author = {Marcello D'Agostino},
  title = {Are Tableaux an Improvement on Truth-Tables?  Cut-Free
  	Proofs and Bivalence},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {235--252},
  topic = {proof-theory;semantic-tableaux;cut-free-deduction;}  
  } 

@article{ dagostino_m-etal:1997a,
  author = {Marcello D'Agostino and Dov. M. Gabbay and Alessandra
  	Russo},
  title = {Grafting Modalities onto Substructural Implication Systems},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--102},
  topic = {modal-logic;substructural-logics;}  
  } 

@book{ dagostino_m-etal:1999a,
  editor = {Marcello D'Agostino and Dov. M. Gabbay and Reiner H\"anle
      and Joachim Posegga},
  title = {Handbook of Tableau Methods},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-7923-5627-6},
  xref = {Review: } ,
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ dagum-luby:1997a,
  author = {Paul Dagum and Michael Luby},
  title = {An Optimal Approximation Algorithm for {B}ayesian Inference},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {93},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--27},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;probabilistic-reasoning;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ dahl_n:1984a,
  author = {Norman O. Dahl},
  title = {Practical Reason, {A}ristotle, and Weakness of Will},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;akrasia;Aristotle;}  
 } 

@article{ dahl_n:1997a,
  author = {Norman O. Dahl},
  title = {Two Kinds of Essence in {A}ristotle: A Pale
  	Man is Not the Same as His Essence},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {106},
  number = {2},
  pages = {233--265},
  topic = {Aristotle;metaphysics;essence;}  
  } 

@techreport{ dahl_o:1972a,
  author = {\"Osten Dahl},
  title = {On Points of Reference},
  institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of G\"oteborg},
  number = {1},
  year = {1972},
  address = {G\"oteborg},
  note = {Logical Grammar Reports},
  topic = {indexicality;context;}  
  } 

@techreport{ dahl_o:1973a,
  author = {\"Osten Dahl},
  title = {Some Suggestions for a Logic of Aspects},
  institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of G\"oteborg},
  number = {3},
  year = {1973},
  address = {G\"oteborg},
  note = {Logical Grammar Reports},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@techreport{ dahl_o:1973b,
  author = {\"Osten Dahl},
  title = {On the Semantics of Quantified Noun Phrases and Related Problems},
  institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of G\"oteborg},
  number = {5},
  year = {1973},
  address = {G\"oteborg},
  note = {Logical Grammar Reports},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@techreport{ dahl_o:1974a,
  author = {\"Osten Dahl},
  title = {How to Open a Sentence: Abstraction in Natural Language},
  institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of G\"oteborg},
  number = {12},
  year = {1974},
  address = {G\"oteborg},
  note = {Logical Grammar Reports},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;}  
  } 

@techreport{ dahl_o:1974b,
  author = {\"Osten Dahl},
  title = {Operational Grammars},
  institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of G\"oteborg},
  number = {8},
  year = {1974},
  address = {G\"oteborg},
  note = {Logical Grammar Reports},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@book{ dahl_o:1977a,
  editor = {\"Osten Dahl},
  title = {Logic, Pragmatics and Grammar},
  publisher = {Department of Linguistics, University of Gothenberg},
  year = {1977},
  address = {G\"oteberg},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ dahl_o-linell:1980a,
  author = {Osten Dahl and Per Linell},
  title = {Review of {\it Psychology and Language, an Introduction to
  	Psycholinguistics}, by {H}erbert {H}. {C}Lark and {E}ve
	{V}. {C}lark},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {437--450},
  xref = {Review of clark_hh-clark_e:1977a.},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ dahl_o:1985a,
  author = {\"Osten Dahl},
  title = {Tense and Aspect Systems},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nl-tense;tense-aspect;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dahl_o:1995a,
  author = {\"Osten Dahl},
  title = {The Marking of the Episodic/Generic Distinction in
		Tense-Aspect Systems},
  booktitle = {The Generic Book},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  pages = {412--425},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  topic = {generics;tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@article{ dahl_o:1999a,
  author = {\"Osten Dahl},
  title = {Review of {\it Indefinite Pronouns}, by {M}artin {H}aspelmath},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {6},
  pages = {663--678},
  xref = {Review of haspelmath:1997a.},
  topic = {indefiniteness;pronouns;}  
  } 

@article{ dahl_v-etal:1993a,
  author = {Veronica Dahl and Fred Popovich and Michael Rochemont},
  title = {A Principled Characterization of Dislocated Phrases:
  	Capturing the Barriers with Static Discontinuity Grammars},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {4},
  pages = {331--352},
  topic = {constituent-structure;grammar-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dahlgren:1974a,
  author = {Kathy Dahlgren},
  title = {The Pragmatics of Presupposition},
  booktitle = {{UCLA} Occasional Papers in Linguistics, No. 5},
  publisher = {UCLA Linguistics Department},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {George Bedell},
  address = {Los Angeles},
  topic = {presupposition;}  
  } 

@book{ dahlgren:1988a,
  author = {Kathleen Dahlgren},
  title = {Naive Semantics for Natural Language Understanding},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;lexical-semantics;computational-ontology;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ dahlgren:1989a,
  author = {Kathleen Dahlgren},
  title = {Coherence Relation Assignment},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science
  	Society},
  pages = {588--596},
  year = {1989},
  missinginfo = {Editor, organization},
  topic = {discourse-structure;discourse-coherence;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ dahlgren-etal:1989a,
  author = {Kathleen Dahlgren and Joyce McDowell and Edward P.
  	{Stabler, Jr.}},
  title = {Knowledge Representation for Commonsense Reasoning with
  	Text},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {nl-understanding;kr;common-sense-knowledge;}  
  } 

@article{ dahlgren:1995a,
  author = {Kathleen Dahlgren},
  title = {A Linguistic Ontology},
  journal = {International Journal on Human-Computer Studies},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {43},
  number = {5--6},
  pages = {809--818},
  topic = {computational-semantics;computational-ontology;} 
  } 

@incollection{ dahlgren:1998a,
  author = {Kathleen Dahlgren},
  title = {Lexical Marking and the Recovery of Discourse Structure},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {65--71},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dahlhaus-malowsky:1988a,
  author = {Elias Dahlhaus and Johann A. Malowsky},
  title = {Gandy's Principles for Mechanism as a Model of Parallel
		Computation},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {309--314},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {parallel-processing;theory-of-computation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dahn:1998a,
  author = {I. Dahn},
  title = {Lattice-Ordered Groups in Deduction},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {III}, Applications},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dahn-schumann:1998a,
  author = {I. Dahn and J. Schumann},
  title = {Using Automated Theorem Provers
			in Verification of Protocols},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {III}, Applications},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;program-verification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ daille:1996a,
  author = {B\'eatrice Daille},
  title = {Study and Implementation of Combined
		Techniques for Automatic Extraction of Terminology},
  booktitle = {The Balancing Act: Combining Symbolic and Statistical
  	Approaches to Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik},
  pages = {49--66},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;word-acquisition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ daitz:1960a,
  author = {E. Daitz},
  title = {The Picture Theory of Meaning},
  booktitle = {Essays in Conceptual Analysis},
  publisher = {Macmillam},
  year = {1960},
  editor = {Antony Flew},
  pages = {1--20},
  address = {London},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dalal:1988a,
  author = {Mukesh Dalal},
  title = {Investigations Into a Theory of Knowledge Base Revision:
		 Preliminary Report},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {2},
  editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
  pages = {475--479},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dalal:1992a,
  author = {Mukesh Dalal},
  title = {Tractable Deduction in Knowledge Representation Systems},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {393--402},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;theorem-proving;logic-programming;tractable-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ dale-reiter_e:1995a,
  author = {Robert Dale and Ehud Reiter},
  title = {Computational Interpretations of the
     {G}ricean Maxims in the Generation of Referring Expressions},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {233--263},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;nl-generation;referring-expressions;}  
  } 

@article{ dale-etal:1998a,
  author = {Robert Dale and Barbara Di Eugenio and Donia Scott},
  title = {Introduction to the Special Issue on Natural Language 
  	Generation},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {345--353},
  topic = {nl-generation;} 
  } 

@book{ dale_e:1968a,
  editor = {E. Dale},
  title = {Machine Intelligence 2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1968},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dale_r:1988a,
  author = {Robert Dale},
  title = {The Generation of Subsequent Referring Expressions in
     Structured Discourses},
  booktitle = {Advances in Natural Language Generation: an
  	Interdisciplinary Perspective},
  publisher = {Pinter Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Michael Zock and Gerard Sabah},
  pages = {58--75},
  address = {London},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse;referring-expressions;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ dale_r:1988b,
  author = {Robert Dale},
  title = {Generating Referring Expressions: Constructing
     Descriptions in a Domain of Objects and Processes},
  school = {Centre for Cognitive Science, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {1988},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ dale_r:1989a,
  author = {Robert Dale},
  title = {Cooking Up Referring Expressions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {T}wenty-{S}eventh {A}nnual
  	{M}eeting of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {68--75},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;}  
} 

@phdthesis{ dale_r:1989b,
  author = {Robert Dale},
  title = {Generating {R}eferring {E}xpressions in a {D}omain of
  	{O}bjects and {P}rocesses},
  school = {Centre for Cognitive Science, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {1989},
  topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ dale_r:1989c,
  author = {Robert Dale},
  title = {Cooking Up Referring Expressions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Meeting of
  	the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1989},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  missinginfo = {address, pages, editor},
  topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dale_r:1990a,
  author = {Robert Dale},
  title = {Generating Recipes: An Overview of {E}picure},
  booktitle = {Current Research in Natural Language Generation},
  editor = {Robert Dale and Chris Mellish and Michael Zock},
  year = {1990},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  address = {London},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
 } 

@book{ dale_r:1990b,
  editor = {Robert Dale and Chris Mellish and Michael Zock},
  title = {Current Research in Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {London},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
 } 

@book{ dale_r-etal:1990a,
  editor = {Robert Dale and Chris Mellish and Michael Zock},
  title = {Current Research in Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0122007352},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ dale_r:1991a,
  author = {Robert Dale},
  title = {Generating Referring Expressions Involving Relations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth Meeting of the {E}uropean {C}hapter
     of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1991},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages, publisher, address},
  topic = {referring-expressions;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dale_r:1991b,
  author = {Robert Dale},
  title = {Generating Expressions Referring to Eventualities},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual
     Conference of {C}ognitive {S}cience {S}ociety},
  year = {1991},
  organization = {Cognitive Science Society},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages, publisher, address},
  topic = {nl-generation;events;}  
  } 

@article{ dale_r:1991c,
  author = {Robert Dale},
  title = {Content Determination in the Generation of Referring
  	Expressions},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dale_r:1991d,
  author = {Robert Dale},
  title = {Exploring the Role of Punctuation in the Signalling
		  of Discourse Structure},
  pages = {110--120},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of a Workshop on Text Representation and
		  Domain Modelling: Ideas from Linguistics and AI},
  year = {1991},
  organization = {Technical University Berlin},
  topic = {punctuation;pragmatics;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ dale_r:1991e,
  author = {Robert Dale},
  title = {The Role of Punctuation in Discourse Structure},
  booktitle = {Working Notes for the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Discourse
  	Structure in Natural Language Understanding and Generation},
  year = {1991},
  organization = {AAAI},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages, editor},
  topic = {discourse;discourse-structure;punctuation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ dale_r-haddock:1991a,
  author = {Robert Dale and Nicholas Haddock},
  title = {Content Determination in the Generation of Referring
  	   Expressions},
  pages = {252--265},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;}  
  } 

@book{ dale_r:1992a,
  author = {Robert Dale},
  title = {Generating Referring Expressions:  Constructing
              Descriptions in a Domain of Objects and Processes},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262041286},
  topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dale_r:1992b,
  author = {Robert Dale},
  title = {Visible Language: Multimodal Constraints in Information
     Presentation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
  	Natural Language Generation, Trento, Italy},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert Dale and Eduard Hovy and Dieter Roesner and
  	Oliviero Stock},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {nl-generation;visual-reasoning;multimedia-generation;}  
} 

@book{ dale_r:1992c,
  editor = {Robert Dale},
  title = {Aspects of Automated Natural Language Generation: 6th
    International Workshop on Natural Language Generation, {T}rento,
    {I}taly, April 5--7, 1992},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387553991 (U.S.: alk. paper)},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
 } 

@book{ dale_r-etal:1992a,
  title = {Aspects of automated natural language generation:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Natural
  	Language Generation, {T}rento, {I}taly},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert Dale and Eduard Hovy and Dieter Roesner and
  	Oliviero Stock},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
} 

@incollection{ dale_r:1993a,
  author = {Robert Dale},
  title = {The Initial Specifications for Generation},
  booktitle = {New Concepts in Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Pinter Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Helmut Horacek and Michael Zock},
  pages = {271--274},
  address = {London},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dale_r:1995a,
  author = {Robert Dale},
  title = {Generating One-Anaphoric Expressions: Where Does the
     Decision Lie?},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of PACLING--{II}},
  year = {1995},
  missinginfo = {organization, pages, address, editor},
  topic = {nl-generation;anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ dale_r:1995b,
  author = {Robert Dale},
  title = {Using Linguistic Phenomena to Motivate a Set
     of Coherence Relations},
  journal = {Discourse Processes},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {35--62},
  topic = {discourse;coherence;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dale_r:1995c,
  author = {Robert Dale},
  title = {Referring Expression Generation: Problems Introduced by
     One-Anaphora},
  booktitle = {Principles of Natural Language
     Generation: Papers from a {D}agstuhl Seminar},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Wolfgang Hoeppner and Helmut Horacek},
  pages = {40--46},
  address = {Dagstuhl},
  topic = {nl-generation;anaphora;referring-expressions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dale_r-douglas:1996a,
  author = {Robert Dale and S. Douglas},
  title = {Two Investigations into Intelligent Text Processing},
  booktitle = {The New Writing Environment},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Mike Sharples and Thea {van der Geest}},
  pages = {123--145},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {computer-assisted-writing;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dale_r-milosavljevic:1996a,
  author = {Robert Dale and M. Milosavljevic},
  title = {Authoring on Demand: Natural Language Generation in
  	Hypertext Documents},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First
     {A}ustralian Document Computing Symposium},
  year = {1996},
  missinginfo = {pages, A's 1st name, editor, organization, publisher},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dale_r-reiter_e:1996a,
  author = {Robert Dale and Ehud Reiter},
  title = {The Role of the {G}ricean Maxims in the Generation of
  	Referring Expressions},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Spring Symposium on Computational
  	Implicature: Computational Approaches to Interpreting and
	Generating Conversational Implicature},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {16--20},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {Barbara Di Eugenio and Nancy L. Green},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;nl-generation;referring-expressions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dale_r:1997a,
  author = {Robert Dale},
  title = {Computer Assistance in Text Creation and Editing},
  booktitle = {Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  editor = {Giovanni Battista Varile and Antonio Zampolli},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {computational-linguistics;computer-assisted-writing;}  
  } 

@article{ dalessio:1967a,
  author = {J.C. D'Alessio},
  title = {Subjunctive Conditionals},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {64},
  number = {10},
  pages = {306--310},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ dalessio:1972a,
  author = {J.C. D'Alessio},
  title = {Austin on {N}owell-{S}mith's Conditional Analysis of 
  	`Could Have' and `Can'\,},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {81},
  number = {322},
  pages = {260--264},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ability;} 
  } 

@article{ dallachiara:1977a,
  author = {Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara},
  title = {Quantum Logic and the Physical Modalities},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {391--404},
  topic = {quantum-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ dallachiara:1977b,
  author = {Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara},
  title = {Logical Self Reference, Set Theoretical Paradoxes and
  	the Measurement Problem in Quantum Mechanics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {331--347},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dallachiara:1986a,
  author = {Maria Luisa dalla Chiara},
  title = {Quantum Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}:
  	Alternatives in Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {427--469},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
 } 

@techreport{ dalrymple-etal:1987a,
  author = {Mary Dalrymple and Ronald M. Kaplan and Lauri Karttunen
  	and Kimmo Koskenniemi and Michael Wescoat},
  title = {Tools for Morphological Analysis},
  institution = {CSLI},
  number = {CSLI--87-108},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {computational-morphology;}  
  } 

@article{ dalrymple-etal:1991a,
  author = {Mary Dalrymple and Stuart M. Shieber and Fernando C.N.
  	Pereira},
  title = {Ellipsis and Higher-Order Unification},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {399--452},
  topic = {ellipsis;higher-order-unification;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dalrymple-etal:1994a,
  author = {Mary Dalrymple and Makoto Kanazawa and Sam Bchombo
		and Stanley Peters},
  title = {What do Reciprocals Mean?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{IV}},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann},
  pages = {61--78},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;reciprical-constructions;}  
  } 

@book{ dalrymple:1995a,
  editor = {Mary Dalrymple},
  title = {Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Stanford},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Ronald M.  Kaplan , "The Formal Architecture of
     		Lexical-Functional Grammar "
     2. Ronald M. Kaplan and Joan Bresnan, "Lexical-functional
     		Grammar: A Formal System for Grammatical 
		Representation"
     3. Ronald M. Kaplan and Annie Zaenen, "Long-Distance 
     		Dependencies, Constituent Structure, and Functional
		Uncertainty"
     4. Mary Dalrymple and John T. Maxwell {III} and Annie 
     		Zaenen, "Modeling Syntactic Constraints on Anaphoric
		Binding"
     5. Ronald M. Kaplan and John T. Maxwell {III}, "An Algorithm
     		for Functional Uncertainty"
     6. Ronald M. Kaplan and John T. Maxwell {III}, "Constituent
     		Coordination in Lexical-Functional Grammar"
     7. Annie Zaenen and Ronald M. Kaplan, " Formal Devices for
     		Linguistic Generalizations: West {G}ermanic Word Order
		in {LFG}"
     8. Joan Bresnan, "Linear Order, Syntactic Rank, and Empty
     		Categories: On Weak Crossover"
     9. Per-Kristian Halvorsen and Ronald M. Kaplan, "Projections and
     		Semantic Description in Lexical-Functional Grammar"
    10. Per-Kristian Halvorsen, "Situation Semantics and Semantic
    		Interpretation in Constraint-Based Grammars"
    11. Ronald M. Kaplan et al., "Translation by Structural
    		Correspondences"
    12. Ronald M. Kaplan, "Three Seductions of Computational
    		Psycholinguistics"
    13. Mark Johnson, "Logic and Feature Structures"
    14.  John T. Maxwell {III} and Ronald M. Kaplan, " A method for
    		Disjunctive Constraint Satisfaction; The Interface
		between Phrasal and Functional Constraints"
  } ,
  ISBN = {1881526372},
  topic = {LFG;}  
 } 

@book{ dalrymple-etal:1995a,
  editor = {Mary Dalrymple and John T. {Maxwell III} and Ronald M.
  	Kaplan and Annie Zaenan},
  title = {Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {1881526372},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Ronald M. Kaplan, "The formal architecture of lexical-functional
     		grammar"
     2. Ronald M. Kaplan and Joan Bresnan, "Lexical-functional
     		grammar: a formal system for grammatical representation"
     3. Ronald M. Kaplan and Annie Zaenen, "Long-distance
     		dependencies, constituent structure, and functional
		uncertainty"
     4. Mary Dalrymple, John T. Maxwell III, and Annie Zaenen,
     		"Modeling syntactic constraints on anaphoric binding"
     5. Ronald M. Kaplan and John T. Maxwell III, "An algorithm for
     		functional uncertainty"
     6. Ronald M. Kaplan and John T. Maxwell III, "Constituent
     		coordination in lexical-functional grammar"
     7. Annie Zaenen and Ronald M. Kaplan, "Formal devices for
     		linguistic generalizations: West Germanic word order
		in LFG"
     8. Joan Bresnan, "Linear order, syntactic rank, and empty
     		categories: on weak crossover"
     9. Per-Kristian Halvorsen and Ronald M. Kaplan, "Projections and
     		semantic description in lexical-functional grammar"
    10. Per-Kristian Halvorsen, "Situation semantics and semantic
    		interpretation in constraint-based grammars"
    11. Ronald M. Kaplan ... [et al.], "Translation by structural
    		correspondences"
    12. Ronald M. Kaplan, "Three seductions of computational
    		psycholinguistics"
    13. Mark Johnson, "Logic and feature structures"
    14. John T. Maxwell III and Ronald M. Kaplan, "A method for
    		disjunctive constraint satisfaction ; The interface
		between phrasal and functional constraints"
  } ,
  topic = {LFG;}  
 } 

@article{ dalrymple-etal:1997a,
  author = {Mary Dalrymple and John Lamping and Fernando Pereira
  	and Vijay Saraswat},
  title = {Quantifiers, Anaphora, and Intensionality},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {219--273},
  topic = {LFG;linear-logic;nl-semantics;nl-quantifier-scope;}  
  } 

@article{ dalrymple-etal:1998a,
  author = {Mary Dalrymple and Makoto Kanazawa and Yookyung Kim
  	and Sam Mchombo and Stanley Peters},
  title = {Reciprocal Expressions and the Concept of Reciprocity},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {159--210},
  topic = {nl-semantics;reciprical-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ dalton:1995a,
  author = {Peter Dalton},
  title = {Extended Action},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {253--270},
  contentnote = {Considers question of how long an action takes.},
  topic = {action;events;interval-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ damasio:1994a,
  author = {Antonio R. R Damasio},
  title = {Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain},
  publisher = {G.P. Putnam},
  year = {1994},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0399138943},
  topic = {emotion;}  
 } 

@incollection{ damasio-pereira:1994a,
  author = {Carlos Viegas Dam\'asio and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira},
  title = {{REVISE}: An Extended Logic Programming System for Revising
  	Knowledge Bases},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {607--618},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;logic-programming;kr-course;
		extended-logic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ damasio-etal:1998a,
  author = {Carlos Viegas Dam\'asio and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira},
  title = {A Survey of Paraconsistent Semantics for Logic
              Programs},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 2: Reasoning with
                Actual and Potential Contradictions},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {241--320},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {paraconsistency;relevance-logics;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dambrosio:1987a,
  author = {Bruce D'Ambrision},
  title = {Extending the Mathematics in Qualitative Process Theory},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Kenneth Forbus and Howard Shrobe},
  pages = {595--599},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {qualitative-process-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dambrosio:1991a,
  author = {Bruce D'Ambrision},
  title = {Local Expression Languages for Probabilistic Dependence},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the
  	7th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence
	(UAI91)},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {95--102},
  missinginfo = {Editor, Organization, Address},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dambrosio-etal:1992a,
  author = {Bruce D'Ambrisio and T. Fountain and Zhaoyu Li},
  title = {Parallelizing Probabilistic
  	Inference: Some Early Explorations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Uncertainty in
  	Artificial Intelligence (UAI92)},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {59--66},
  missinginfo = {Editor, Organization, Address},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;parallel-processing;Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dambrosio:1994a,
  author = {Bruce D'Ambrision},
  title = {Symbolic Probabilistic Inference in Large {BN}20 Networks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the
  	10th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence
	(UAI94)},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {128--125},
  missinginfo = {Editor, Organization, Address},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@article{ damnjanovic:1997a,
  author = {Zlatan Damnjanovic},
  title = {Elementary Realizability},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {311--339},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;realizability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ damon:1991a,
  author = {William Damon},
  title = {Problems of Direction in Socially Shared Cognition},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {398--417},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ damper-marchand_y:2000a,
  author = {Robert I. Damper and Yannik Marchand},
  title = {Pronunciation by Analogy in Normal and Impaired Readers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {13--18},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {cognitive-modeling;speech-production;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ damso-ruboff:1998a,
  author = {Martin Damsbo and Peder Thusgaard Ruboff},
  title = {An Evolutionary Algorithm for Welding Task Sequence Ordering},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {120--131},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {genetic-algorithms;scheduling;}  
  } 

@article{ dancy:1984a,
  author = {Jonathan Dancy},
  title = {Even-IFs},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {58},
  number = {2},
  pages = {119--128},
  topic = {`even';conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ dancy:1995a,
  author = {Jonathan Dancy},
  title = {Why There Is Really No Such Thing as the Theory of
  	Motivation},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {95},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {1--18},
  topic = {reasons-for-action;action;}  
 } 

@article{ dandrade-wish:1985a,
  author = {R.G. D'Andrade and M. Wish},
  title = {Speech Act Theory in Quantitative Research on
  	Interpersonal Behavior},
  journal = {Discourse Processes},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {229--259},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {speech-acts;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dandrade:1989a,
  author = {Roy G. D'Andrade},
  title = {Cultural Cognition},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {20},
  pages = {795--830},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;cultural-anthropology;}  
  } 

@book{ dandrade:1995a,
  author = {Roy G. D'Andrade},
  title = {The Development of Cognitive Anthropology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {cultural-anthropology;cognitive-anthropology;}  
 } 

@article{ dandrea-lee:2000a,
  author = {Raffaello D'Andrea and Jin-Woo Lee},
  title = {Cornell Big Red: Small-Size League WInner},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {41--44},
  topic = {RoboCup;robotics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dang_ht-etal:1998a,
  author = {Hoa Trang Dang and Karin Kipper and Martha Palmer and
  	Joseph Rosenzweig},
  title = {Investigating Regular Sense Extensions based on
  	Intersective {L}evin Classes},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {293--299},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {polysemy;computational-semantics;}  
} 

@techreport{ daniel:1977a,
  author = {L. Daniel},
  title = {Planning: Modifying Non-linear Plans},
  type = {Working Paper},
  number = {24},
  institution = {Department of AI, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {1977},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;}  
 } 

@incollection{ danieli-etal:1997a,
  author = {Morena Danieli and Elissbetta Gerbino and Loretta M.
                Moisa},
  title = {Dialogue Strategies for Improving the Usability
                of Telephone Human-Machine Communication},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {114--120},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@article{ daniels:1972a,
  author = {Charles B. Daniels},
  title = {Reference and Singular Referring Terms},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {86--102},
  topic = {reference;referring-expressions;}  
  } 

@article{ daniels-freeman:1977a,
  author = {Charles B. Daniels and James B. Freeman},
  title = {Classical Second-Order Intensional Logic with Maximal
  	Propositions},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--31},
  topic = {intensional-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ daniels:1990a,
  author = {Charles B. Daniels},
  title = {The Propositional Objects of Mental Attitudes},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {317--342},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;indexicals;}  
  } 

@book{ danielson_pa:1998a,
  editor = {Peter A. Danielson},
  title = {Modeling Rationality, Morality, and Evolution},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Peter A. Danielson, "Introduction"
	I. Rationality
	2.  Edward F. McClennen, "Rationality and Rules"
	3.  David Gauthier, "Intention and Deliberation"
	4.  Michael E. Bratman, "Following Through with One's Plans:
		Reply to David Gauthier"
	5.  A. D. Irvine, "How Braess' Paradox Solves Newcomb's Problem"
	6.  Bryan R. Routledge, "Economics of the Prisoner's Dilemma:
		A Background"
	7. Ronald de Sousa, "Modeling Rationality: Normative or
		Descriptive?"
	II. Modeling Social Interaction
       10. Leslie Burkholder, "Theorem 1"
       11. Louis Marinoff, "The Failure of Success: Intrafamilial
       		Exploitation in the Prisoner's Dilemma"
       12.  Peter Kollock, "Transforming Social Dilemmas: Group
       		Identity and Co-operation"
       13. Bernardo A. Huberman and Natalie S. Glance, "Beliefs and
       		Co-operation"
       14.  Paul M. Churchland, "The Neural Representation of the
       		Social World"
     III. Morality
       15. David Schmidtz, "Moral Dualism"
       16.  Duncan MacIntosh, "Categorically Rational Preferences and
       		the Structure of Morality"
       17.  William J. Talbott, "Why We Need a Moral Equilibrium Theory"
       18.  Chantale LaCasse and Don Ross, "Morality's Last Chance"
     IV. Evolution
       19. Brian Skyrms, "Mutual Aid: Darwin Meets The Logic of Decision"
       20. Elliott Sober, "Three Differences between Deliberation
       		and Evolution"
       21. Peter A. Danielson, "Evolutionary Models of Co-operative
       		Mechanisms: Artificial Morality and Genetic
		Programming"
       15. Giovanni Dosi, Luigi Marengo, Andrea Bassanini and Marco
       		Valente, "Norms as Emergent Properties of Adaptive
		Learning: The Case of Economic Routines"
   } ,
  ISBN = {0-19-512550-9 (paper), 0-19-512549-5 (cloth)},
  topic = {rationality;}  
 } 

@article{ danielson_s:1965a,
  author = {Sven Danielson},
  title = {Definitions of `Performatives'\, } ,
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {20--31},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ danlos:1986a,
  author = {Laurence Danlos},
  title = {Studies in Natural Language Processing: The Linguistic
  	Basis of Text Generation},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
} 

@incollection{ danlos:1998a,
  author = {Laurence Danlos},
  title = {Linguistic Ways for Expressing a Discourse
		Relation in a Lexicalized Text Generation System},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {50--53},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@article{ danos-etal:1997a,
  author = {Vincent Danos and Jean-Baptiste Joinet
		and Harold Schellinx},
  title = {A New Deconstructive Logic: Linear Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {62},
  number = {3},
  pages = {755--807},
  topic = {linear-logic;proof-theory;constructive-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ danto:1965a,
  author = {Arthur Danto},
  title = {Analytical Philosophy of History},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1965},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {philosophy-of-history;}  
 } 

@book{ danto:1973a,
  author = {Arthur Coleman Danto},
  title = {Analytical Philosophy of Action},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1973},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {0521201209},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@incollection{ danto:1993a,
  author = {Arthur Danto},
  title = {Metaphor and Cognition},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {III}, Metaphor and
  	Knowledge},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {F.R. Ankersmit and J.J.A. Mooij},
  pages = {21--35},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ dar-etal:1999a,
  author = {Tzachi Dar and Leo Joskowicz and Ehud Rivlin},
  title = {Understanding Mechanical Motion: From Images to
  	Behaviors},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {112},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {147--179},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We present an algorithm for producing behavior descriptions of
     planar fixed axes mechanical motions from image sequences using
     a formal behavior language.  The language, which covers the most
     important class of mechanical motions, symbolically captures the
     qualitative aspects of objects that translate and rotate along
     axes that are fixed in space.  The algorithm exploits the
     structure of these motions to robustly recover the objects
     behaviors.  It starts by identifying the independently moving
     objects, their motion parameters, and their variation with
     respect to time using normal optical flow analysis, iterative
     motion segmentation, and motion parameter estimation.  It then
     produces a formal description of their behavior by identifying
     individual uniform motion events and simultaneous motion
     changes, and parsing them with a motion grammar.  We demonstrate
     the algorithm on three sets of image sequences: mechanisms,
     everyday situations, and a robot manipulation scenario.},
  topic = {qualitative-reasoning;motion-reconstruction;}  
  } 

@article{ darlington:1981a,
  author = {John Darlington},
  title = {An Experimental Program Transformation and Synthesis
  	System},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {16},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--46},
  topic = {program-synthesis;}  
  } 

@techreport{ darwiche-pearl:1991a,
  author = {Adnan Darwiche and Judea Pearl},
  title = {On the Logic of Iterated Belief Revision},
  institution = {UCLA, Computer Science Department},
  number = {R--202},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Los Angeles, California},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ darwiche:1992a,
  author = {Adnan Darwiche},
  title = {A Symbolic Generalization of Probability Theory},
  school = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University},
  year = {1992},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Stanford. California},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;abstract-probability;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ darwiche-ginsberg_ml:1992a,
  author = {Adnan Darwiche and Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {A Symbolic Generalization of Probability Theory},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
  pages = {622--627},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;abstract-probability;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ darwiche-goldszmidt:1994a,
 author = {Adnan Darwiche and Mois\'es Goldszmidt},
 title = {On the Relation between Kappa Calculus and Probabilistic
 	Reasoning},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on
			Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence},
 year = {1994},
 pages = {145--153},
 month = {July},
 topic = {qualitative-probability;diagnosis;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ darwiche-pearl:1994a,
  author = {Adnan Darwiche and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Symbolic Causal Networks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf},
  pages = {238--244},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {causal-networks;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ darwiche-pearl:1994b,
  author = {Adnan Darwiche and Judea Pearl},
  title = {On the Logic of Iterated Belief Revision},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {5--23},
  address = {San Francisco},
  xref = {Journal publication: darwiche-pearl:1997a.},
  topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ darwiche-pearl:1994c,
  author = {Adnan Darwiche and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Symbolic Causal Networks for Reasoning about Actions and Plans},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Decision-Theoretic Planning},
  year = {1994},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages, etc},
  topic = {causal-networks;practical-reasoning;
  	decision-theoretic-planning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ darwiche:1995a,
  author = {Adnan Darwiche},
  title = {Structure-Based Generation of Plans},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Rockwell Science Center.},
  missinginfo = {Year is Guess.  Published in some AI conference.
  	Which one?},
  topic = {planning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ darwiche-sakame:1995a,
  author = {Adnan Darwiche and Chiaki Sakama},
  title = {Model-Based Diagnosis Using Causal Networks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {211--218},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {diagnosis;causal-reasoning;causal-networks;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ darwiche:1996a,
  author = {Adnan Darwiche},
  title = {Using Knowledge-Base Semantics in Graph-Based Algorithms},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {607--613},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {join-trees;AI-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ darwiche:1997a,
  author = {Adnan Darwiche},
  title = {A Logical Notion of Conditional Independence:  Properties and
		Applications},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {97},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {45--82},
  topic = {statistical-(in)dependence;}  
  } 

@article{ darwiche-pearl:1997a,
  author = {Adnan Darwiche and Judea Pearl},
  title = {On the Logic of Iterated Belief Revision},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {89},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--31},
  xref = {Conference publication: darwiche-pearl:1994b.},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ darwiche:1998a,
  author = {Adnan Darwiche},
  title = {Compiling Devices: A Structure-Based Approach},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  missinginfo = {pages   pages = {156--}},
  topic = {kr;diagnosis;device-modeling;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ darwiche:2000a,
  author = {Adnan Darwiche},
  title = {Model-Based Diagnosis under Real-World Constraints},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {57--73},
  topic = {model-based-reasoning;diagnosis;}  
  } 

@article{ darwiche:2001a,
  author = {Adnan Darwiche},
  title = {Recursive Conditioning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {126},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {5--41},
  topic = {AI-algorithms;Bayesian-networks;conditioning-methods;}  
  } 

@incollection{ darwiche:2002a,
  author = {Adnan Darwiche},
  title = {A Logical Approach to Factoring Belief Networks},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {409--},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;logic-in-AI;Bayesian-networks;} 
  } 

@article{ darwish:1983a,
  author = {Nevin M. Darwish},
  title = {A Quantitative Analysis of the Alpha-Beta Pruning
  	Algorithm},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {405--433},
  topic = {search;AI-algorithms-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ das-ahuja:1996a,
  author = {Subhodev Das and Narendra Ahuja},
  title = {Active Surface Estimation: Integrating Coarse-to-Fine
  	Image Acquisition and Estimation from Multiple Cues},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {83},
  number = {2},
  pages = {241--266},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper is concerned with the problem of surface
     reconstruction from stereo images for large scenes having large
     depth ranges with depth discontinuities. The passive stereo
     paradigm is inadequate for this problem because of the need to
     aim cameras in different directions and to fixate at different
     objects.  We present an active approach that involves the
     following steps.  First, a new fixation point is selected from
     among the nonfixated, low-resolution scene parts of current
     fixation.  Second, a reconfiguration of the cameras is initiated
     for refixation.  As reconfiguration progresses, the images of
     the new fixation point gradually deblur and the accuracy of the
     position estimate of the point improves allowing the cameras to
     be aimed at it with increasing precision. In the third step, the
     improved depth estimate is used to select focus settings of the
     cameras, thus completing fixation.  Finally, stereo images are
     acquired and segmented into fixated and nonfixated parts of the
     scene that are analyzed in parallel.},
  topic = {computer-vision;scene-reconstruction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dascal:1976a,
  author = {Marcello Dascal},
  title = {Levels of Meaning and Moral Discourse},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {587--625},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {deontic-logic;ethics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dascal:1979a,
  author = {Marcelo Dascal},
  title = {Conversational Relevance},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second
		{J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Avishai Margalit},
  pages = {153--174},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {relevance;implicature;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dascal:1979b,
  author = {Mardelo Dascal},
  title = {Contextualism},
  booktitle = {Possibilities and Limitations of Pragmatics: Proceedings
  	of the Conference at Urbino, July 8--14, 1979},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Herman Parret and M. Sbis\`a and Jef Verschueren},
  pages = {153--177},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@article{ dascal:1987a,
  author = {M. Dascal},
  title = {Defending Literal Meaning},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {259--281},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dascal:1992a,
  author = {Marcelo Dascal},
  title = {On the Pragmatic Structure of Conversation},
  booktitle = {(On) {S}earle on Conversation},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Herman Parret and Jef Verschueren},
  pages = {35--56},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ dasgupta-etal:1994a,
  author = {Pallab Dasgupta and P.P. Chakrabarti and S.C. DeSarkar},
  title = {Agent Searching in a Tree and the Optimality of Iterative
  	Deepening},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {71},
  number = {1},
  pages = {195--208},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The agent searching framework models the effort of a search
     strategy in terms of the distance traversed by an agent while
     exploring the search space.  The framework has been found to be
     useful in modeling search problems where the cost of
     backtracking and retracing search paths is important in
     determining search complexity.  In this paper we show that
     depth-first iterative deepening (DFID) strategies are optimal
     for an agent searching in a line, in m concurrent rays, and in
     uniform b-ary trees. In the conventional search model it is
     known that DFID is asymptotically optimal for uninformed search
     of uniform b-ary trees.  In this paper we prove the stronger
     result that for agent searching in uniform b-ary trees,
     iterative deepening is optimal up to lower-order terms.  We also
     discuss the problems involved in optimally performing agent
     search in a graph.},
  topic = {search;iterative-deepening;}  
  } 

@article{ dasgupta-etal:1996a,
  author = {Pallab Dasgupta and P.P. Chakrabarti and S.C. DeSarkar},
  title = {Searching Game Trees under a Partial Order},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {82},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {237--257},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The problem of partial order game tree search arises from game
     playing situations where multiple, conflicting and
     non-commensurate criteria dictate the merit of a position of the
     game. In partial order game trees, the outcomes evaluated at the
     tip nodes are vectors, where each dimension of the vector
     represents a distinct criterion of merit. This leads to an
     interesting variant of the game tree searching problem where
     corresponding to every game playing strategy of a player,
     several outcomes are possible depending on the individual
     priorities of the opponent. In this paper, we identify the
     necessary and sufficient conditions for a set of outcomes to be
     inferior to another set of outcomes for every strategy. Using an
     algebra called Dominance Algebra on sets of outcomes, we
     describe a bottom-up approach to find the non-inferior sets of
     outcomes at the root node.  We also identify shallow and deep
     pruning conditions for partial order game trees and present a
     partial order search algorithm on lines similar to the
     alpha-beta pruning algorithm for conventional game trees.},
  topic = {search;game-trees;}  
  } 

@article{ dasgupta-etal:2001a,
  author = {Pallab Dasgupta and P. P. Chakrabarti and Jatindra Kumar
  	Deka and Sriram Sankaranarayanan},
  title = {Min-Max Computation Tree Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {127},
  number = {1},
  pages = {137--162},
  topic = {temporal-logic;model-checking;}  
  } 

@techreport{ dasigi:1988a,
  author = {Venu R. Dasigi},
  title = {Word Sense Disambiguation in Descriptive Text
  	Interpretation: A Dual-Route Parsimonious Covering Model},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of
  	Maryland},
  number = {TR-2151},
  year = {1988},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;disambiguation;}  
  } 

@book{ dassow-etal:1996a,
  editor = {J\"urgen Dassow and Grzegorz Rozenberg and Arto Salomaa},
  title = {Developments in Language Theory {II}: At The Crossroads of
    	Mathematics, Computer Science, and Biology},
  publisher = {World Scientific},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Singapore},
  ISBN = {9810226829},
  topic = {formal-language-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dastani-indurkhya:2001a,
  author = {Mehdi Dastani and Bipin Indurkhya},
  title = {Modeling Context Effect in Perceptual Domains},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {129--142},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;psychology-of-perception;vision;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ dau:1973a,
  author = {Paolo Dau},
  title = {Why is {R}ussell's {\em {O}n Denoting} So Confusing?},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University
  	of Pittsburgh},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {Russell;deinite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ daugherty_af-forsythe:1988a,
  author = {Andrew F. Daugherty and Robert Forsythe},
  title = {Complete Information Outcomes without Common Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {195--209},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {game-theory;mutual-belief;}  
  } 

@book{ david:1994a,
  author = {Marian David},
  title = {Correspondence and Disquotation: An Essay on the Nature of
  	Truth},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: porter:1998a.},
  topic = {truth;disquotationalist-truth;}  
 } 

@incollection{ david:1997a,
  author = {Marian David},
  title = {Kim's Functionalism},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {133--148},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ davidson:1963a,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Actions, Reasons and Causes},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {60},
  pages = {685--700},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {actions;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1967a1,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {The Logical Form of Action Sentences},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Decision and Action},
  year = {1967},
  editor = {Nicholas Rescher},
  pages = {81--95},
  publisher = {University of Pittsburgh Press},
  address = {Pittsburgh},
  xref = {Republished in davidson:1980a.  Also davidson:1967a2.},
  note = {Republished in Donald Davidson, {\it Essays on Actions and
  	Events}, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1980.},
  topic = {action;events;nl-semantics;event-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1967a2,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {The Logical Form of Action Sentences},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {235--245},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: davidson:1967a1.},
  topic = {action;events;nl-semantics;event-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ davidson:1967b1,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Causal Relations},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {64},
  number = {21},
  pages = {691--703},
  xref = {Republication: davidson:1967b2.},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1967b2,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Causal Relations},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {246--254},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: davidson:1967b1.},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@article{ davidson:1967c,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Truth and Meaning},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {304--323},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;Davidson-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ davidson:1968a1,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {On Saying That},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {130--146},
  xref = {Republication: davidson:1968a2.},
  topic = {indirect-discourse;propositional-attitudes;propositions
  	philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1968a2,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {On Saying That},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {143--152},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: davidson:1968a1.},
  topic = {indirect-discourse;propositional-attitudes;propositions
  	philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1969a,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {The Individuation of Events},
  booktitle = {Essays in Honor of Carl G. Hempel},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {Nicholas Rescher},
  pages = {216--234},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Republished in davidson:1980a.},
  note = {Republished in Donald Davidson, {\it Essays on Actions and
  	Events}, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1980.},
  topic = {events;}  
  } 

@book{ davidson-hintikka:1969a,
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Words and Objections: Essays on the Work of {W.V.O.} {Q}uine},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1969},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
          1. J.J.C. Smart, "Quine's Philosophy of Science"
          2. G. Harman, "An Introduction to Translation and Meaning"
          3. E. Stenius, "Beginning with Ordinary Things"
          4. Noam Chomsky, "Quine's Empirical Assumptions"
          5. Jaakko Hintikka, "Behavioral Criteria of Radical Translation"
          6. B. Stroud, "Conventionalism and the Indeterminacy of Translation"
          7. P. Strawson, "Singular terms and Predication"
          8. H.P. Grice, "Vacuous Names"
          9. P.T. Geach, "Quine's Syntactical Insights"
         10. D. Davidson, "On Saying That"
         11. D. Follesdal, "Quine on Modality"
         12. W. Sellars, "Some Problems about Belief"
         13. D. Kaplan, "Quantifying In"
         14. G. Berry, "Logic with Platonism"
         15. R.B. Jensen, "On the Consistency of a Slight (?) Modification
	 	of {Q}uine's {\it {N}ew {F}oundations}"
         16. W.V. Quine, "Replies"
  	},
  topic = {Quine;}  
 } 

@incollection{ davidson:1970a,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Mental Events},
  booktitle = {Experience and Theory},
  publisher = {University of Massachusetts Press},
  year = {1970},
  editor = {Lawrence Foster and J. W. Swanson},
  pages = {79--101},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Reprinted in davidson:1980a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mind-body-problem;anomalous-monism;
  	mental-events;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1970b,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {How Is Weakness of the Will Possible?},
  booktitle = {Moral Concepts},
  editor = {Joel Feinberg},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1970},
  xref = {Reprinted in davidson:1980a.},
  topic = {akrasia;volition;}  
    } 

@incollection{ davidson:1970c1,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Semantics for Natural Languages},
  booktitle = {Linguaggi nella Societ\'a e nella Tecnica},
  publisher = {Edizioni di Communit\`a},
  year = {1970},
  editor = {Bruno Visentini et al.},
  pages = {177--188},
  address = {Milan},
  xref = {Republication: davidson:1970c2.},
  missinginfo = {other editors},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;Davidson-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1970c2,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Semantics for Natural Languages},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {18--24},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: davidson:1970a1.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;Davidson-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ davidson:1970d,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Action and Reaction},
  journal = {Inquiry},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {140--148},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {action;events;nl-semantics;event-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1971a,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Agency},
  booktitle = {Agent, Action and Reason},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Robert Binkley and Richard Bronaugh and Ausonio Marras},
  xref= {Republished in davidson:1980a},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {action;agency;}  
  } 

@article{ davidson:1971b,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Eternal versus Ephemeral Events},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {335--349},
  topic = {events;philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@book{ davidson-harman:1972a,
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  title = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {90 277 0195 4},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Charles J. Fillmore, "Subjects, Speakers and Roles", pp. 1--24
     2. Gilbert H. Harman, "Deep Structure as Logical Form", pp. 25--47
     3. Jerry A. Fodor, "Troubles about Actions", pp. 48--69
     4. John Robert Ross, "Act", pp. 70--126
     5. Terence Parsons, "Some Problems Concerning the Logic of
          Grammatical Modifiers", pp. 127--141`
     6. Richard Montague, "Pragmatics and Intensional Logic", pp. 142--
     7. David Lewis, "General Semantics", pp. 169--218
     8. John Wallace, "On the Frame of Reference", pp. 219--252
     9. Saul A. Kripke, "Naming and Necessity", pp. 253--355
    10. Keith S. Donnellan, "Proper Names and Identifying
     	  Descriptions", pp. 356--379
    11. Robert C. Stalnaker, "Pragmatics", pp. 380--397
    12. Jaakko Hintikka, "The Semantics of Modal Notions and the
    	  Indeterminacy of Ontology", pp. 398--414
    13. Barbara H. Partee, "P[actiy, Coreference, and
          Pronouns", pp. 415--441
    14. Willard V. Quine, "Methodological Reflections on Current
          Linguistic Theory", pp. 442--454
    15. Peter F. Strawson, "Grammar and Philosophy", pp. 455--472
    16. Leonard Linsky, "Analytic/Synthetic and Semantic
          Theory", pp. 473--482
    17. Peter T. Geach, "A Program for Syntax", pp. 483--497
    18. James D. McCawley, "A Program for Logic", pp. 498--544
    19. George Lakoff, "Linguistics and Natural Logic", pp. 545--665
    20. Dana Scott, "Semantical Archaeology: A Parable", pp. 666--674
    21. Hector-Neri Casta\~neda, "On the Semantics of the
           Ought-to-Do", pp. 675--694
    22. Bas C. van Fraassen, "Inference and Self-Reference", pp. 695--708
    23. Paul Ziff, "What is Said", pp. 709--721
    24. L. Jonathan Cohen and Avishai Margalit, "The Role of  Inductive
           Reasoning in the Interpretation of Metaphor", pp. 722--740
    25. Patrick Suppes, "Probabilistic Grammars for Natural
           Languages", pp. 741--762
  } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ davidson:1973a,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {In Defense of Convention {T}},
  booktitle = {Truth, Syntax and Modality},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Hugues Leblanc},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {pages = {}},
  topic = {truth-definitions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1973b1,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {The Material Mind},
  booktitle = {Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science {IV}},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Patrick Suppes et al.},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {pages, other editors},
  xref = {Republished: davidson:1973a2.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mind-body-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1973b2,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {The Material Mind},
  booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {John Haugeland},
  pages = {339--354},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Originally Published: davidson:1973a1.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mind-body-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1974a,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Philosophy as Psychology},
  booktitle = {Philosophy of Psychology},
  editor = {S. C. Brown},
  publisher = {The Macmillan Press},
  year = {1974},
  xref = {Reprinted in davidson:1980a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
    } 

@book{ davidson-harman:1975a,
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  title = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Donald Davidson and Gilbert Harman, "Introduction", pp. 1--14
     2. Donald Davidson, "Semantics for Natural Languages", pp. 18--24
     3. Alfred Tarski, "Excerpt from {\it The Concept of Truth in
         Formalized Languages}, pp. 25--49
     4. John Wallace, "Nonstandard Theories of Truth", pp. 50--60
     5. Scott Weinstein, "Truth and Demonstratives", pp. 60--63
     6. H.P. Grice, "Logic and Conversation", pp. 64--75
     7. Willard V. Quine, "Logic as a Source of Syntactical
         Insights", pp. 153--159
     8. Emmon Bach, "Nouns and Noun Phrases", pp. 79--99
     9. James D. McCawley, "English as a {VSO} Language", 100--113
    10. Gottlob Frege, "On Sense and Reference", pp. 116--128
    11. Alonzo Church, "On {C}arnap's Analysis of Statements of
          Assertion and Belief", pp. 129--142
    12. Israel Scheffler, "Beliefs and Desires", pp. 131--142
    13. Donald Davidson, "On Saying That", pp. 143--152
    14. Willard V. Quine, "Quantifiers and Propositional
         Attitudes", pp. 153--159
    15. David Kaplan, "Quantifying In", pp. 160-- 181
    16. Bertrand Russell, "On Denoting", pp. 184--193
    17. Willard V. Quine, "Excerpts from {\it Word and
           Object}, pp. 193--199
    18. Tyler Burge, "Reference and Proper Names", pp. 200-- 209
    19. David Kaplan, "What is {R}ussell's Theory of
           Descriptions?", pp. 210--217
    20. Hans Reichenbach, "Excerpts from {\it Elements
           of Symbolic Logic}, pp. 220--234
    21. Donald Davidson, "The Logical Form of Action
           Sentences", pp. 235--245
    22. Donald Davidson, "Causal Relations", pp. 246--254
    23. Zeno Vendler, "Causal Relations", pp. 255--261
    24. Noam Chomsky, "Remarks on Nominalization", pp. 262--289
    25. Gilbert Harman, "Logical Form", pp. 289--307
   } ,
  address = {Encino, California},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ davidson-harman:1975b,
  author = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert Harman},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {1--14},
  address = {Encino, California},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ davidson:1976a,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Hempel on Explaining Action},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {239--253},
  topic = {action;explanation;intentionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1976b,
  author = {Donald A. Davidson},
  title = {Reply to {F}oster},
  booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell},
  pages = {33--41},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {Davidson-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1976c,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Introduction (to a Section on `Formulating the Target')},
  booktitle = {Origins and Evolution of Language and Speech},
  publisher = {New York Academy of Sciences},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Stevan R. Harnad and Horst D. Steklis and Jane Lancaster},
  pages = {18--19},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1978a,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Intending},
  booktitle = {Philosophy of History and Action},
  editor = {Yirmiaku Yovel},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1978},
  xref = {Reprinted in davidson:1980a.},
  topic = {intention;}  
    } 

@incollection{ davidson:1978b,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {The Method of Truth in Metaphysics},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {294--304},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {holism;philosophy-of-language;metaphysics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1979a,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Moods and Performances},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second
		{J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Avishai Margalit},
  pages = {9--20},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {speech-acts;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ davidson:1980a,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Essays on Actions and Events},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
  		Actions, Reasons, and Causes.
		How is Weakness of the Will Impossible?
		Agency
		Freedom to Act
		Intending
		The Logical Form of Action Sentences
		Criticism, Comment, and Defence [On above article.]
		The Individuation of Events
		Events as Particulars
		Eternal vs. Ephemeral Events
		Mental Events
		Appendix: Emeroses by Other Names
		Psychology as Philosophy
		Comments and Replies [To above article.]
		The Material Mind
		Hempel on Explaining Action
		Hume's Cognitive Theory of Pride
		},
  ISBN = {0198245297},
  topic = {action;events;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@book{ davidson:1984a,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {019824617X},
  topic = {truth;philoosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ davidson:1984b,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Quotation},
  booktitle = {Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Donald Davidson},
  pages = {479--488},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {direct-discourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1984c,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Radical Interpretation},
  booktitle = {Inquiries Into Truth and Interpretation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Donald Davidson},
  pages = {125--139},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {radical-interpretation;foundations-of-semantics;
  	philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1984d,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {The Inscrutability of Reference},
  booktitle = {Inquiries Into Truth and Interpretation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Donald Davidson},
  pages = {227--242},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {reference;radical-interpretation;foundations-of-semantics;
  	philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ davidson:1984e,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Communication and Convention},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--17},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;convention;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1986a,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {A Nice Derangement of Epitaphs},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {157--174},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;implicature;pragmatics;
  	speaker-meaning;Grice;}  
  } 

@article{ davidson:1987a,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {What Metaphors Mean},
  journal = {Critical Inquiry},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {5},
  number = {31--47},
  pages = {200--220},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1993a,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Thinking Causes},
  booktitle = {Mental Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele},
  pages = {3--17},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;anomalous-monism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davidson:1994a,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {Radical Interpretation Interpreted},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {121--128},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;radical-interpretation;}  
  } 

@article{ davidson:1996a,
  author = {Donald Davidson},
  title = {The Folly of Trying to Define Truth},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {93},
  number = {6},
  pages = {263--278},
  contentnote = {Deals with role of theory of truth in an overall theory
    of attitudes, etc.  Appears to be mainly a criticism of
    horwich:1990a.},
  topic = {truth;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ davies:1989a,
  author = {Martin Davies},
  title = {\,`Two Examiners Marked Six Scripts.'  Interpretations
  	of Numerically Quantified Sentence},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {293--323},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;nl-quantifier-scope;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davies_djm-isard:1972a,
  author = {D.J.M. Davies and S. Isard},
  title = {Utterances as Programs},
  booktitle = {Machine Intelligence 7},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Michie and Bernard Meltzer},
  pages = {325--339},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@book{ davies_m-stone_t:1995a,
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  title = {Folk Psychology: The Theory of Mind Debate},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	0.  Tony Stone and Martin Davies, "Introduction"
  	1.  Jane Heal, "Replication and Functionalism"
  	2.  Robert M. Gordon, "Folk Psychology as Simulation"
  	3.  Alvin I. Goldman, "Interpretation Psychologized"
  	4.  Robert M. Gordon, "The Simulation Theory: Objections
		and Misconceptions"
  	5.  Steven Stich and Shaun Nichols, "Folk Pyschology:
		Simulation or Tacit Theory?"
  	6.  Josef Perner and Deborrah Howes, "`He Thinks He
		Knows': and More Developmental Evidence
		against the Simulation (Role-Taking) Theory"
  	7.  Robert M. Gordon, "Reply to {S}tich and {N}ichols"
  	8.  Robert M. Gordon, "Reply to {P}erner and {H}owes"
  	9.  Alvin I. Goldman, "In Defense of the Simulation Theory"
  	10. Paul L. Harris, "From Simulation to Folk Psychology:
		The Case for Development"
  	11. Alsion Gopnik and Henry M. Wellman, "Why the Child's
		Theory of Mind Really {\em Is} a Theory"
  	12. Simon Baron-Cohen and Pippa Cross, Reading the Eyes:
		Evidence for the Role of Perception in the
		Development of a Theory of Mind"
  	13. Simon Blackburn, "Theory, Observation, and Drama"
  	},
  ISBN = {0631195149},
  topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology;
  	mental-simulation-theory-of-folk-psychology;
	propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
} 

@book{ davies_m-stone_t:1995b,
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  title = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	0.  Tony Stone and Martin Davies, "Introduction"
  	1.  Gary Fuller, "Simulation and Psychological Concepts"
  	2.  Jane Heal, "How to think about Thinking"
  	3.  Robert M. Gordon, "Simulation without Introspection or
		Interference from Me to You"
  	4.  Norman H. Freeman, "Theories of Mind in Collision:
		Plausibility and Authority"
  	5.  Steven Stich and Shaun Nichols, "Second Thoughts on
		Simulation"
  	6.  Jerry A. Fodor, "A Theory of the Child's Theory of Mind"
  	7.  Alan M. Leslie and Tim P. German, "Knowledge and
		Ability in `Theory of Mind': One-Eyed Overview
		of a Debate"
  	8.  Gregory Currie, "Imagination and Simulation: Aesthetics
		Meets Cognitive Science"
  	9.  Paul L. Harris, "Imagining and Pretending"
  	10. Alvin I. Goldman, "Empathy, Mind, and Morals"
  	11. Derek Bolton, "Self-Knowledge, Error and Disorder"
  	12. Adam Morton, "Game Theory and Knowledge by Simulation"
  	13. John A. Barnden, "Simulative Reasoning, Common-Sense
		Psychology, and Artificial Intelligence"
  	},
  ISBN = {0631198725},
  topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology;
  	mental-simulation-theory-of-folk-psychology;
	propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
 } 

@incollection{ davies_m-stone_t:1995c,
  author = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Folk Psychology: The Theory of Mind Debate},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {1--44},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology;
  	mental-simulation-theory-of-folk-psychology;
	propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@article{ davies_mk:1978a,
  author = {Martin K. Davies},
  title = {Weak Necessity and Truth Theories},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {415--439},
  topic = {modal-logic;truth;}  
  } 

@article{ davies_mk:1982a,
  author = {Martin K. Davies},
  title = {Individuation and the Semantics of Demonstratives},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {287--310},
  topic = {demonstratives;indexicality;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davies_mk:1996a,
  author = {Martin K. Davies},
  title = {Philosophy of language},
  booktitle = {The {B}lackwell Companion To Philosophy},
  publisher = {Blackwell Reference,\},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Nicholas Bunnin and E.P. Tsui-James},
  pages = {90--139},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ davis_a:1996a,
  author = {A. Davis},
  title = {Lexical Semantics and Linking in the Hierarchical Lexicon},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ davis_c:1974a,
  author = {Charles Davis},
  title = {Some Semantically Closed Languages},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {229--240},
  topic = {nl-semantics;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ davis_cc-hellan:1975a,
  author = {Charles C. Davis and  Lars Hellan},
  title = {The Syntax and Semantics of Comparative Constructions},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;comparative-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ davis_e:1987a,
  author = {Ernest Davis},
  title = {Constraint Propagation with Interval Labels},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  pages = {281--331},
  topic = {constraint-propagation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davis_e:1989a,
  author = {Ernest Davis},
  title = {Solutions to a Paradox of Perception With Limited Acuity},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {79--82},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  contentnote = {This is an attempt to solve the sorites, but Davis
        seems to be ignorant of the problem or the literature on it.},
  topic = {kr;vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
 } 

@book{ davis_e:1991a,
  author = {Ernest Davis},
  title = {Common Sense Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  address = {San Francisco},
  xref = {Review: croft:1993b.},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;kr;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ davis_e:1992a,
  author = {Ernest Davis},
  title = {Infinite Loops in Finite Time: Some Observations},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {47--58},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davis_e:1992b,
  author = {Ernest Davis},
  title = {Axiomatizing Qualitative Process Theory},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {177--188},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {qualitative-reasoning;kr;}  
  } 

@article{ davis_e:1993a,
  author = {Ernest Davis},
  title = {{\it Representations of Commonsense Knowledge}: Response
  	to the Reviews},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {61},
  number = {1},
  pages = {175--179},
  xref = {Response to reviews of davis_e:1991a.},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ davis_e:1999a,
  author = {Ernest Davis},
  title = {Guide to Axiomatizing Domains in First-Order Logic},
  journal = {Electronic Newsletter on Reasoning about Actions and Change},
  year = {1999},
  note = {http://www.cs.nyu.edu/cs/faculty/avise/guide.html.},
  volume = {99002},
  topic = {macro-formalization;}  
 } 

@incollection{ davis_e:2001a,
  author = {Ernest Davis},
  title = {Knowledge Representation},
  booktitle = {The International Encyclopedia of the Social
            and Behavioral Sciences},
  editor = {Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  year = {2001},
  note = {Forthcoming.},
  topic = {kr-survey;krcourse;}  
 } 

@article{ davis_e:2001b,
  author = {Ernest Davis},
  title = {Two Machine Learning Textbooks: An Instructor's
  	Perspective},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {131},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {191--198},
  xref = {Review of mitchell_tm:1997b and witten-frank_e:2000a.},
  topic = {machine-learning;AI-instruction;}  
  } 

@book{ davis_ld:1987a,
  editor = {Lawrence D. Davis},
  title = {Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  ISBN = {0934613443 (U.S.)},
  topic = {genetic-algorithms;}  
 } 

@book{ davis_ld:1991a,
  editor = {Lawrence D. Davis},
  title = {Handbook of Genetic Algorithms},
  publisher = {Van Nostrand Reinhold},
  year = {1991},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0442001738},
  xref = {Reviwew: mitchell_m:1998a.},
  topic = {genetic-algorithms;}  
 } 

@article{ davis_lh:1979a,
  author = {Lawrence H. Davis},
  title = {An Alternative Formulation of {K}ripke's Theory of Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {289--296},
  topic = {truth;}  
  } 

@book{ davis_lh:1979b,
  author = {Lawrence H. Davis},
  title = {Theory of Action},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0139131523},
  topic = {action;philosophy-of-action;}  
} 

@article{ davis_lh-rosenfeld:1981a,
  author = {Larry S. Davis and Azriel Rosenfeld},
  title = {Cooperating Processes for Low-Level Vision: A Survey},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {245--263},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Cooperating local parallel processes can be used as aids in
     assigning numerical or symbolic labels to image or scene parts.
     Various approaches to using such processes in low-level vision
     are reviewed, and their advantages are discussed. Methods of
     designing and controlling such processes are also considered.},
  topic = {vision;parallel-processing;distributed-processing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davis_lh:1985a,
  author = {Lawrence H. Davis},
  title = {Prisoners, Paradox, and Rationality},
  booktitle = {Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation},
  publisher = {The University of British Columbia Press},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {45--59},
  address = {Vancouver},
  topic = {rationality;prisoner's-dilemma;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davis_lh:1985b,
  author = {Lawrence H. Davis},
  title = {Is the Symmetry Argument Valid?},
  booktitle = {Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation},
  publisher = {The University of British Columbia Press},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {255--263},
  address = {Vancouver},
  topic = {rationality;prisoner's-dilemma;}  
  } 

@article{ davis_m:1980a,
  author = {Martin Davis},
  title = {The Mathematics of Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {73--80},
  contentnote = {M.D. says some things about an early version of
  	circumscription, criticizes Doyle-McDermott for unclarity.},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davis_m:1988a,
  author = {Martin Davis},
  title = {Mathematical Logic and the Origin of Modern Computers},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {149--174},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {history-of-theory-of-computation;history-of-computation;
	history-of-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davis_m:1988b,
  author = {Martin Davis},
  title = {Influences of Mathematical Logic on Computer Science},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {315--326},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {history-of-theory-of-computation;history-of-computation;
	history-of-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davis_m:1993a,
  author = {Martin Davis},
  title = {First Order Logic},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and
  	Logic Programming, Volume 1: Deductive
		 Methodologies},
    editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and  J.A. Robinson},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  pages = {31--67},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1993},
  missinginfo = {ed's 1st name},
  topic = {kr;logic-survey;kr-course;}  
} 

@article{ davis_m:1996a,
  author = {Martin Davis},
  title = {American Logic in the 1920s},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {273--278},
  topic = {history-of-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ davis_r-etal:1977a,
  author = {Randall Davis and Bruce Buchanan and Edward Shortliffe},
  title = {Production Rules as a Representation for a Knowledge-Based
  	Consultation Program},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {15--45},
  topic = {diagnosis;expert-systems;medical-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ davis_r:1979a1,
  author = {Randall Davis},
  title = {Interactive Transfer of Expertise: Acquisition of New
  	Inference Rules},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {121--157},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     TEIRESIAS is a program designed to provide assistance on the
     task of building knowledge-based systems. It facilitates the
     interactive transfer of knowledge from a human expert to the
     system, in a high level dialog conducted in a restricted subset
     of natural language. This paper explores an example of TEIRESIAS
     in operation and demonstrates how it guides the acquisition of
     new inference rules. The concept of meta-level knowledge is
     described and illustrations given of its utility in knowledge
     acquisition and its contribution to the more general issues of
     creating an intelligent program.},
  xref = {Republication: davis_r:1979a2.},
  topic = {knowledge-acquisition;nl-kr;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davis_r:1979a2,
  author = {Randall Davis},
  title = {Interactive Transfer of Expertise: Acquisition
          of New Inference Rules},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {410--430},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: davis_r:1979a1.},
  topic = {knowledge-acquisition;nl-kr;}  
  } 

@article{ davis_r:1982a,
  author = {Randall Davis},
  title = {Expert Systems: Where Are We?  And Where
  	Do We Go from Here?},
  journal = {{AI} Magazine},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {3--22},
  topic = {expert-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ davis_r-smith:1983a,
  author = {Randall Davis and Reid G. Smith},
  title = {Negotiation as a Metaphor for Distributed Problem
  	Solving},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {63--109},
  topic = {distributed-AI;social-choice-theory;distributed-processing;
  	negotiation;}  
} 

@article{ davis_r:1984a,
  author = {Randall Davis},
  title = {Diagnostic reasoning based on structure and behavior } ,
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {347--410},
  xref = {Commentary: davis_r:1993a.},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;diagnosis;
  	model-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ davis_r:1993a,
  author = {Randall Davis},
  title = {Retrospective on `Diagnostic Reasoning Based
  	on Structure and Behavior'},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {149--157},
  xref = {Comment on davis_r:1984.},
  topic = {diagnosis;model-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ davis_r-etal:1993a,
  author = {Randall Davis and Bruce G. Buchanan and
  	Edward H. Shortliffe},
  title = {Retrospective on `Production Rules as a Representation
  	for a Knowledge-Based Consultation Program'},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {181--189},
  xref = {Retrospective commentary on davis_r-etal:1977a.},
  topic = {diagnosis;expert-systems;medical-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ davis_r:1998a,
  author = {Randall Davis},
  title = {What Are Intelligence? And Why?},
  journal = {{AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--110},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;intelligence;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ davis_s:1968a,
  author = {Stephen Davis},
  title = {Illocutionary Acts and Transformational Grammar},
  school = {University of Illinois},
  year = {1968},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Urbana, Illinois},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ davis_s:1979a,
  author = {Steven Davis},
  title = {Perlocutions},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {225--243},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ davis_s:1991a,
  editor = {Steven Davis},
  title = {Pragmatics: A Reader},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ davis_s:1991b,
  author = {Steven Davis},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Pragmatics: A Reader},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Steven Davis},
  pages = {3--13},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ davis_s:1992a,
  editor = {Steven Davis},
  title = {Connectionism: Theory and Practice},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-19-507666-4 (paper), 0-19-507665-6 (cloth)},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. G.E. Hinton and S. Becker, "Using Coherence Assumptions to
		Discover the Underlying Causes of the Sensory Input"
	2. Michael I. Jordan and Robert A. Jacobs, "Comment"
	3. Paul M. Churchland, "A Deeper Unity: Some Feyerabendian
		Themes in Neurocomputational Form"
	4. Charles Travis, "Comment"
	5. David E. Rumelhart, "Towards a Microstructural Account of
		Human Reasoning"
	6. Mark S. Seidenberg, "Connectionism Without Tears"
	7. Michael E. J.  Masson, "Comment"
       10. Jeffrey L. Elman, "Grammatical Structure and Distributed
       		Representations"
       11. Tim van Gelder, "Comment"
       12.  Terence Horgan and John Tienson, "Structured
       		Representations in Connectionist Systems?"
       13.  John Goldsmith, "Local Modelling in Phonology"
       14.  William Ramsey, "Connectionism and the Philosophy of
       		Mental Representation"
       15. Steven W. Zucker, Allan Dobbins, and Lee Iverson,
       		"Connectionism and the Computational Neurobiology of
		Curve Detection"
       16.  David Kirsh, "PDP Learnability and Innate Knowledge of
       		Language"
   } ,
  topic = {connectionism;connectionist-models;}  
 } 

@article{ davis_s:1997a,
  author = {Stephen Davis},
  title = {Grice on Natural and Non-Natural Meaning},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {405--419},
  topic = {Grice;speaker-meaning;}  
  } 

@article{ davis_wa:1982a,
  author = {Wayne A. Davis},
  title = {Weirich on Conditional and Expected Utility},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {74},
  number = {6},
  pages = {342--350},
  topic = {utility;foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davis_wa:1986a,
  author = {Wayne A. Davis},
  title = {The Two Senses of Desire},
  booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical
  	     Psychology on the Concept of Wanting},
  publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joel Marks},
  pages = {63--82},
  address = {Chicago},
  contentnote = {Sense 1: Synonymous with `want', `wish', `would
  	like': volitive desire, connected to will, intention.
	Sense 2: Syononymous with `appetite', `craving', etc.
	Connected to appetite.},
  topic = {desire;philosophical-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ davis_wa:1992a,
  author = {Wayne A. Davis},
  title = {Speaker Meaning},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {223--253},
  number = {3},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;}  
  } 

@article{ davis_wa:1993a,
  author = {Wayne A. Davis},
  title = {Review of {\it Probabilistic Causality}, by
  	{E}llery {E}ells},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {102},
  number = {3},
  pages = {410--412},
  xref = {Review of eells:1991a.},
  topic = {causality;probability;}  
  } 

@book{ davis_wa:1998a,
  author = {Wayne A. Davis},
  title = {Implicature: Intention, Convention, and Principle in the
  	Failure of {G}ricean Theory},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521623197},
  xref = {Review: saul_j:2001a.},
  topic = {implicature;Grice;}  
 } 

@incollection{ davis_ws-carnes:1991a,
  author = {William S. Davis and James R. Carnes},
  title = {Clustering Temporal Intervals to Generate Reference
  	Hierarchies},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {111--117},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ davison_a:1970a,
  author = {Alice Davison},
  title = {Causal Adverbs and Performative Verbs},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Regional Meeting of the
  	Chicago Linguistics Society},
  year = {1970},
  pages = {190--201},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society},
  address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davison_a:1975a,
  author = {Alice Davison},
  title = {Indirect Speech Acts and What to Do With Them},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Peter Cole and Jerry Morgan},
  pages = {143--186},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;indirect-speech-acts;}  
  } 

@incollection{ davison_a:1981a,
  author = {Alice Davison},
  title = {Syntactic and Semantic Indeterminacy Resolved:
     		A Mostly Pragmatic Analysis of the {H}indi Conjunctive
		Participle},
  booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {101--128},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {pragmatics;Hindi-language;}  
  } 

@article{ davison_a:1983a,
  author = {Alice Davison},
  title = {Linguistic or Pragmatic Description in the Context
  	of the Performadox},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {499--526},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ davison_p-etal:1978a,
  editor = {Peter Davison and Rolf Meyersohn and Edward Shils},
  title = {Uses of Literacy: Media},
  publisher = {Chadwyck-Healy},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {0914146521 (Somerset)},
  topic = {sociology-of-literature;mass-media;}  
 } 

@book{ davison_p-etal:1978b,
  editor = {Peter Davison and Rolf Meyersohn and Edward Shils},
  title = {Literature and Society},
  publisher = {Somerset House},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0914146483},
  topic = {sociology-of-literature;}  
 } 

@article{ dawar-gurevich:2002a,
  author = {Anuj Dawar and Yuri Gurevich},
  title = {Fixed Point Logics},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--88},
  topic = {fixpoints;extensions-of-FOL;finite-model-theory;} 
  } 

@book{ dawes:1972a,
  author = {Robyn M. Dawes},
  title = {Fundamentals of Attitude Measurement},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1972},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0471199494},
  topic = {soical-psychology;attitudes-in-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ dawid:1979a,
  author = {A.P. Dawid},
  title = {Conditional Independence in Statistical Theory},
  journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {41},
  pages = {1--31},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {statistical-(in)dependence;}  
  } 

@article{ dawkins:1995a,
  author = {John Dawkins},
  title = {Teaching Punctuation as a Rhetorical Tool},
  journal = {College Composition and Communication},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {46},
  number = {4},
  pages = {533--548},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@book{ dawson:1998a,
  author = {Michael R.W. Dawson},
  title = {Understanding Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-631-20895-X (pb)},
  topic = {cogsci-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ day_di-kovacs:1996a,
  editor = {Donald L. Day and Diane K. Kovacs},
  title = {Computers, Communication and Mental Models},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  year = {1996},
  address = {London},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Rodney Fuller, "Human-computer-human Interaction: How
		Computers Affect Interpersonal Communication"
	2. Jeremy Roschelle, "Designing for Cognitive Communication: Epistemic
		Fidelity or Mediating Collaborative Inquiry?"
	3. Lajos Balint, "Computer-mediated interpersonal
		Communication: The {HCHI} Approach"
	4. John Wood and Paul Taylor, "Mapping the Mapper"
	5. Phil Moose et al., "Mapping Spatial Cognition with Computers"
	6. Munir Mandviwalla, "The World View of Collaborative Tools"
	7.  Ray Paul and Peter Thomas, "Computer-Based Simulation
		Models for Problem-Solving: Communicating Problem
		Understandings"
       10. Jozsef Toth, "The Effects of Combining Interactive Graphics
       		and Text in Computer-Mediated Small Group Decision-Making"
   } ,
  ISBN = {0748405437 (pbk)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ day_ma:1977a,
  author = {Michael A. Day},
  title = {An Axiomatic Approach to First Law Thermodynamics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {119--134},
  topic = {formalizations-of-physics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dayal:1985a,
  author = {Veneeta Srivastav Dayal},
  title = {Quantification in Correlatives},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {179--205},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;relative-clauses;adjuncts;}  
  } 

@article{ dayal:1992a,
  author = {Veneeta Srivastav Dayal},
  title = {Scope Marking as Indirect WH-Dependency},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1993--1994},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {137--170},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dayal:1995a,
  author = {Veneeta Dayal},
  title = {Licensing {\em any} in Non-Negative/Non-Modal
		Contexts},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {72--93},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;indefiniteness;free-choice-`any/or';}  
  } 

@book{ dayal:1996a,
  author = {Veneeta Dayal},
  title = {Locality in {Wh} Quantification: Questions and Relative
  	Clauses in {H}indi},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {079234099X},
  topic = {interrogatives;Hindi-language;}  
 } 

@article{ dayal:1998b,
  author = {Vaneeta Dayal},
  title = {{\it Any} As Inherently Modal},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {21},
  number = {5},
  pages = {433--476},
  topic = {free-choice-`any/or';nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@techreport{ dean:1985a,
  author = {Thomas Dean},
  title = {Temporal Imagery: An Approach to Reasoning about
		Time for Planning and Problem Solving},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, Yale University},
  number = {CSD/RR \#443},
  year = {1985},
  address = {New Haven, Connecticut},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dean:1986a,
  author = {Thomas Dean},
  title = {Intractability and Time Dependent Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Planning and Reasoning
	  about Action},
  organization = {AAAI},
  month = {July},
  pages = {143--164},
  year = {1986},
  topic = {planning;}  
 } 

@article{ dean-mcdermott_d:1987a,
  author = {Thomas Dean and Drew McDermott},
  title = {Temporal Data Base Management},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {32},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--55},
  missinginfo = {specific topics},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ dean-boddy:1988a,
  author = {Thomas Dean and Mark Boddy},
  title = {Reasoning about Partially Ordered Events},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {36},
  number = {3},
  pages = {375--399},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper describes a class of temporal reasoning problems
     involving events whose order is not completely known. We examine
     the complexity of such problems and show that for all but
     trivial cases these problems are likely to be intractable. As an
     alternative to a complete, but potentially exponential-time
     decision procedure, we provide a partial decision procedure that
     reports useful results and runs in polynomial time.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dean-wellman_mp:1989a,
  author = {Thomas Dean and Michael P. Wellman},
  title = {On the Value of Goals},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from the {R}ochester Planning Workshop:
  	From Formal Systems to Practical Systems},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Josh Tenenberg and Jay Weber and James Allen},
  pages = {129--140},
  topic = {intention;foundations-of-planning;}  
 } 

@article{ dean:1991a,
 author = {Thomas Dean},
 title = {Decision-Theoretic Control of Inference for
		Time-Critical Applications},
 journal = {International Journal of Intelligent Systems},
 volume = {6},
 number = {4},
 pages = {417--441},
 year = {1991},
 topic = {limited-rationality;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ dean-etal:1993a,
  author = {Thomas Dean and Leslie Pack Kaelbling and Jak Kirman and
  	Ann Nicholson},
  title = {Planning with Deadlines in Stochastic Domains},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert},
  pages = {574--579},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {planning;resource-limited-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ dean-etal:1995a,
  author = {Thomas Dean and Leslie Pack Kaelbling and Jak Kirman and
  	Ann Nicholson},
  title = {Planning under Time Constraints in Stochastic Domains},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {35--74},
  topic = {planning;resource-limited-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ dean-etal:1995b,
  author = {Thomas Dean and James Allen and Y. Aloimonos},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence: Theory and Practice},
  publisher = {Benjamin/Cummins Publishing},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Redwood City, California},
  ISBN = {0-8053-2547-6},
  xref = {Review: duboulay:2001a},
  topic = {AI-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ dean:1999a,
  editor = {Thomas Dean},
  title = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1999},
  address = {San Francisco},
  volume = {1},
  topic = {AI-general;}  
 } 

@book{ dean_t:1999b,
  editor = {Thomas Dean},
  title = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1999},
  address = {San Francisco},
  volume = {2},
  topic = {AI-general;}  
 } 

@article{ deane:1995a,
  author = {Paul Deane},
  title = {Review of {\it Computational Lexical Semantics}, edited 
  	by {P}atrick {S}aint-{D}izier and {E}velyne {V}iegas},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {593--597},
  xref = {Review of: saintdizier-viegas:1995a.},
  topic = {machine-translation;nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;
  	lexical-processing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ deangelli-etal:1999a,
  author = {Antonella de Angeli and Laurent Romary and Frederic Wolf},
  title = {Ecological Interfaces: Extending the Pointing Paradigm
            by Visual Context},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {91--104},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;HCI;}  
  } 

@article{ dearden-boutilier:1997a,
  author = {Richard Dearden and Craig Boutilier},
  title = {Abstraction and Approximate Decision-Theoretic Planning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {89},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {219--283},
  topic = {planning;Markov-decision-processes;abstraction;
  	decision-theory;qualitative-utility;}  
  } 

@book{ debakker-etal:1989a,
  editor = {J.W. de Bakker and W.P. de Roever and G.
	Rozenburg},
  title = {Linear Time, Branching Time and Partial Order in
		Logics and Models for Concurrency},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;branching-time;tmix-project;
	concurrency;}  
 } 

@book{ debeaugrande:1980a,
  author = {Robert de Beaugrande},
  title = {Text, Discourse, and Process: Toward a Multidisciplinary
  	Science of Texts},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
} 

@book{ debeauregarde-dressler:1981a,
  author = {R. {de Beauregard} and W. Dressler},
  title = {Introduction to Text Linguistics},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1981},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name; check topic},
  topic = {pragmatics;text-linguistics;discourse;}  
 } 

@book{ debeauregarde:1984a,
  author = {Robert de Beaugrande},
  title = {Text Production: Toward a Science of Composition},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
} 

@incollection{ debille:1991a,
  author = {Lieve Debille},
  title = {Anaphora Resolution in {MMI2}},
  booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and
  	Discourse},
  publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Harold L. Somers},
  pages = {63--70},
  address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway},
  topic = {anaphora;anaphora-resolution;}  
  } 

@incollection{ debreu:1954a,
 author = {Gerard Debreu},
 title = {Representation of a Preference Ordering by a Numerical
 	Function},
 booktitle = {Decision Processes},
 editor = {R. M. Thrall and C. H. Coombs and R. L. Davis},
 year = {1954},
 publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
 address = {New York},
 topic = {decision-theory;qualitative-utility;preferences;}  
 } 

@book{ debreu:1959a,
  author = {Gerard Debreu},
  title = {Theory of Value: an Axiomatic Analysis of Economic
 	Equilibrium},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1959},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ decew:1981a,
  author = {Judith Wagner Decew},
  title = {Conditional Obligation and Counterfactuals},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {55--72},
  title = {Bare Sentences},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{I}},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner},
  pages = {31--50},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@article{ dechter_r-pearl:1987a,
  author = {Rina Dechter and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Network-Based Heuristics for Constraint-Satisfaction
  	Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {34},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--38},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;graph-based-reasoning;
  	heuristics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dechter_r-etal:1989a1,
  author = {Rina Dechter and Itay Meiri and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Temporal Constraint Networks},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {83--93},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Journal publication: dechter_r-etal:1989a2.},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ dechter_r-pearl:1989a,
  author = {Rina Dechter and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Tree Clustering for Constraint Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {3},
  pages = {353--366},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;AI-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ dechter_r:1990a,
  author = {Rina Dechter},
  title = {Enhancement Schemes For Constraint Processing:
  	Backjumping, Learning, and Cutset Decomposition},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {41},
  number = {3},
  pages = {273--312},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;AI-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ dechter_r-etal:1991a2,
  author = {Rina Dechter and Itat Meiri and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Temporal Constraint Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {49},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {61--95},
  xref = {Conference publication: dechter_r-etal:1989a1.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;constraint-satisfaction;kr;krcourse;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dechter_r-pearl:1991a,
  author = {Rina Dechter and Judea Pearl},
  title = {A Relational Framework for Causal Modeling},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Barbara J. Grosz and John Mylopoulos},
  pages = {1164--1170},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {causality;causal-networks;}  
  } 

@article{ dechter_r:1992a,
  author = {Rina Dechter},
  title = {From Local to Global Consistency},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {55},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--108},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In reasoning tasks involving the maintenance of consistent
     databases (so-called "constraint networks"), it is customary to
     enforce local consistency conditions in order to simplify the
     subsequent construction of a globally coherent model of the
     data. In this paper we present a relationship between the sizes
     of the variables' domains, the constraints' arity and the level
     of local consistency sufficient to ensure global consistency.
     Based on these parameters a new tractability classification of
     constraint networks is presented. We also show, based on this
     relationship, that any relation on bi-valued variables which is
     not representable by a network of binary constraints cannot be
     represented by networks with any number of hidden variables.},
  topic = {consistency-checking;constraint-networks;}  
  } 

@article{ dechter_r-pearl:1992a,
  author = {Rina Dechter and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Structure Identification in Relational Data},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {58},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {237--270},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper presents several investigations into the prospects
     for identifying meaningful structures in empirical data, namely,
     structures permitting effective organization of the data to meet
     requirements of future queries.  We propose a general framework
     whereby the notion of identifiability is given a precise formal
     definition similar to that of learnability.  Using this
     framework, we then explore if a tractable procedure exists for
     deciding whether a given relation is decomposable into a
     constraint network or a CNF theory with desirable topology and,
     if the answer is positive, identifying the desired
     decomposition.  Finally, we address the problem of expressing a
     given relation as a Horn theory and, if this is impossible,
     finding the best k-Horn approximation to the given relation. We
     show that both problems can be solved in time polynomial in the
     length of the data.},
  topic = {Horn-approximation;}  
  } 

@article{ dechter_r-meiri:1994a,
  author = {Rina Dechter and Itay Meiri},
  title = {Experimental Evaluation of Preprocessing Algorithms for
  	Constraint Satisfaction Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {68},
  number = {2},
  pages = {211--241},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper presents an experimental evaluation of two orthogonal
     schemes for preprocessing constraint satisfaction problems
     (CSPs).  The first of these schemes involves a class of local
     consistency techniques that includes directional arc
     consistency, directional path consistency, and adaptive
     consistency.  The other scheme concerns the prearrangement of
     variables in a linear order to facilitate an efficient search.
     In the first series of experiments, we evaluated the effect of
     each of the local consistency techniques on backtracking and
     backjumping.  Surprisingly, although adaptive consistency has
     the best worst-case complexity bounds, we have found that it
     exhibits the worst performance, unless the constraint graph was
     very sparse.  Directional arc consistency (followed by either
     backjumping or backtracking) and backjumping (without any
     preprocessing) outperformed all other techniques: moreover, the
     former dominated the latter in computationally intensive
     situations.  The second series of experiments suggests that
     maximum cardinality and minimum width are the best preordering
     (i.e., static ordering) strategies, while dynamic search
     rearrangement is superior to all the preorderings studied.  } ,
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;arc-consistency;experimental-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dechter_r-rish:1994a,
  author = {Rina Dechter and Irina Rish},
  title = {Directional Resolution: The {D}avis-{P}utnam Procedure,
  	Revisited},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {134--145},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;theorem-proving;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ dechter_r-dechter_a:1996a,
  author = {Rina Dechter and Avi Dechter},
  title = {Structure-Driven Algorithms for Truth Maintenance},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {82},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--20},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;belief-revision;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dechter_r:1999a,
  author = {Rina Dechter},
  title = {Unifying Structure-Driven Inference},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {AI-algorithms;constraint-satisfaction;
  	probabilistic-reasoning;decision-theoretic-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ dechter_r:1999b,
  author = {Rina Dechter},
  title = {Bucket Elimination:  A Unifying Framework for
  	Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {113},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {41--85},
  topic = {dynamic-programming;constraint-satisfaction;
  	constraint-networks;search;Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@article{ dechter_r-fatah:2001a,
  author = {Rina Dechter and Yousri El Fatah},
  title = {Topological Parameters for Time-Space Tradeoff},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {125},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {93--118},
  topic = {problem-solving;complexity-in-AI;tree-clustering-algorithms;
  	AI-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ declerck:1979a,
  author = {Renaat Declerck},
  title = {On the Progressive and the `Imperfective Paradox'\, } ,
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {267--272},
  topic = {tense-aspect;imperfective-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ declerk:1988a,
  author = {Renaat Declerk},
  title = {Restrictive `When'-Clauses},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {131--168},
  topic = {nl-semantics;conditionals;sentence-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ decornulier:1978a,
  author = {Benoit de Cornulier},
  title = {Paradoxical Self-Reference},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {435},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ decoste:1991a,
  author = {Dennis DeCoste},
  title = {Dynamic Across-Time Measurement Interpretation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {273--341},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Incrementally maintaining a qualitative understanding of
     physical system behavior based on observations is crucial to
     tasks such as real-time control, monitoring, and diagnosis. This
     paper describes the DATMI theory for interpretation tasks. The
     key idea of DATMI is to dynamically maintain a concise
     representation of the space of local and global interpretations
     across time that are consistent with the observations. This
     representation has two key advantages. First, a set of possible
     interpretations is more useful than a single (best) candidate
     for many tasks, such as conservative monitoring. Second, this
     representation simplifies switching to alternative
     interpretations when data are faulty or incomplete.
     Domain-specific knowledge about state and transition
     probabilities can be used to suggest the interpretation which is
     most likely.  Domain-specific knowledge about durations of
     states and paths of states can also be used to further constrain
     the interpretation space. When no consistent interpretation
     exists, faulty-data hypotheses are generated and then tested by
     adjusting the interpretation space. The DATMI theory has been
     tested via implementation and we describe its performance on two
     examples.},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ decristofaro-etal:1999a,
  author = {Jonathan DeCristofaro and Michael Strube and Kathleen
         F. McCoy},
  title = {Building a Tool for Annotating Reference in Discourse},
  booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and
  	Reference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu},
  pages = {54--62},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {anaphora;corpus-annotation;}  
  } 

@article{ definetti:1937a1,
  author = {Bruno de Finitti},
  title = {La Pr\'evision: Ses Lois Logiques, Ses Sources Subjectives},
  journal = {Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincar\'e},
  year = {1937},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {1--68},
  xref = {See definetti:1937a2 for English Translation.},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {subjective-probabilty;qualitative-probability;
  	foundations-of-probability;foundations-of-statistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ definetti:1937a2,
  author = {Bruno De Finetti},
  title = {Foresight: Its Logical Laws, Its Subjective Sources},
  booktitle = {Studies in Subjective Probability},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1964},
  editor = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.} and Howard E. Smokler},
  pages = {93--158},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Original publication: definetti:1937a1.},
  note = {Originally published in 1937 under the title
  	`La Prevision: Ses Lois Logiques, Ses Sources Subjectives'.},
  topic = {subjective-probabilty;qualitative-probability;
  	foundations-of-probability;foundations-of-statistics;}  
  } 

@book{ definetti:1990a,
  author = {Bruno De Finetti},
  title = {Theory of Probability: A Critical Introductory Treatment},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {1},
  note = {First published in 1970.},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
 } 

@book{ definetti:1990b,
  author = {Bruno De Finetti},
  title = {Theory of Probability: A Critical Introductory Treatment},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {2},
  note = {First published in 1970.},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
 } 

@incollection{ degand:1998a,
  author = {Liesbeth Degand},
  title = {On Classifying Connectives and Coherence Relations},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {36--42},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;}  
  } 

@incollection{ degiacomo-lenzerini:1994a,
  author = {Giuseppe {De Giacomo} and Maurizio Lenzerini},
  title = {Description Logics With Inverse Roles, Functional
  	Restrictions, and N-ary Relations},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce},
  pages = {332--346},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {extensions-of-kl1;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ degiacomo-lenzerini:1995a,
  author = {Giuseppe {De Giacomo} and Maurizio Lenzerini},
  title = {What's in an Aggregate: Foundations for Description Logics
  		with Tuples and Sets},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {801--807},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;}  
 } 

@article{ degiacomo:1996a,
  author = {Giuseppe {De Giacomo}},
  title = {Eliminating `Converse' from Converse {PDL}},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {193--208},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ degiacomo-etal:1996a,
  author = {Giuseppe {De Giacomo} and Luca Iocchi and Daniele Nardi and
  	Riccardo Rosati},
  title = {Moving a Robot: The {KR\&R} Approach at Work},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {198--209},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;cognitive-robotics;taxonomic-logics;robot-motion;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ degiacomo-lenzerini:1996a,
  author = {Giuseppe {De Giacomo} and Maurizio Lenzerini},
  title = {{TB}ox and {AB}ox Reasoning in Expressive Description
  	Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {316--327},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;classifier-algorithms;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ degiacomo-etal:1997a,
  author = {Guiseppe De Giacomo and Yves Lesp\'erance and
		Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Reasoning about Concurrent Execution, Prioritized
		Interrupts, and Exogenous Actions in the Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Martha Pollack},
  pages = {1221--1226},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {situation-calculus;concurrency;cognitive-robotics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ degiacomo-etal:1998a,
  author = {Giuseppe De Giacomo and Raymond Reiter and Mikhail Soutchanski},
  title = {Execution Monitoring of High-Level Robot Plans},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {453--464},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ degiacomo-rossali:1999a,
  author = {Giuseppe De Giacomo and Riccardi Rosali},
  title = {Minimal Knowledge Approach to Reasoning about
		Actions and Sensing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
	Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Michael Thielscher},
  pages = {25--32},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {action-formalisms;sensing-actions;}  
  } 

@article{ degiacomo-etal:2000a,
  author = {Giuseppe De Giacomo and Yves L\'esperance and
  	Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {{C}on{G}olog, A Concurrent Programming Language
  	based on Situation Calculus},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {121},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {109--169},
  topic = {Golog;situation-calculus;concurrency;cognitive-robotics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ degiacomo-levesque:2000a,
  author = {Giuseppe De Giacomo and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Two Approaches to Efficient Open-World Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {59--78},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;kr;query-evaluation;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ degiacomo-etal:2002a,
  author = {Giuseppe De Giacomo and Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector
  	J. Levesque and Sebastian Sardi\~na},
  title = {On the Semantics of Deliberation in {I}ndi{G}olog--from
  	Theory to Implementation},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {603--614},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;Golog;planning-algorithms;} 
  } 

@article{ degroote-lamarche:2002a,
  author = {Philippe de Groote and Fran\c{c}ois Lamarche},
  title = {Classical Non-Associative {L}ambek Calculus},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {71},
  number = {3},
  pages = {355--388},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;linear-logic;proof-complexity;} 
  } 

@incollection{ dehaas-adriaans:1999a,
  author = {Erik de Haas and Pieter Adriaans},
  title = {Substructural Logic: A Unifying Framework for
	Second Generation Datamining Algorithms},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
	of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {121--126},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {substructural-logics;data-mining;}  
  } 

@book{ dehane:1997a,
  author = {Stanislaus Dehane},
  title = {The Number Sense: How the Mind Creates Mathematics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;foundations-of-cognition;
  	psychology-of-mathematics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dehoop:1985a,
  author = {Helen de Hoop},
  title = {On the Characterization of the Weak-Strong Distinction},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {421--450},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;existential-constructions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dejager-etal:2002a,
  author = {Samson de Jager and Alistair Knott and Ian Bayard},
  title = {A {DRT}-Based Framework for Presupposition in Dialogue
		Management},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {61--68},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {DTR;presupposition;computational-discourse;} 
  } 

@incollection{ dejean:1998a,
  author = {Herv\'e D\'ejean},
  title = {Morphemes as Necessary Concept for
    		Structures Discovery from Untagged Corpora},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {295--298},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-tagging;morphology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dejean:2000a,
  author = {Herv\'e D\'ejean},
  title = {{ALLiS}: A Symbolic Learning System for
            Natural Language Learning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {95--98},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;grammar-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dejean:2000b,
  author = {Herv\'e D\'ejean},
  title = {Learning Syntactic Structures with {XML}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {133--135},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;corpus-annotation;XML;}  
  } 

@book{ dejnozka:1999a,
  author = {Jan Dejno\v{z}ka},
  title = {{B}ertrand {R}ussell on Modality and Logical Relevance},
  publisher = {Ashgate},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Aldershot},
  ISBN = {1-84014-981-7},
  xref = {Review: griffin:2001a.},
  topic = {Russell;modal-logic;modality;relevance-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ dejong_gf-gratch:1991a,
  author = {Gerald F. DeJong and Jonathan Gratch},
  title = {Review of {\it Learning Search Control
  	Knowledge: An Explanation-Based Approach}, by {S}teve {M}inton},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {50},
  number = {1},
  pages = {117--127},
  xref = {Review of minton:1988a.},
  topic = {machine-learning;explanation-based-learning;
  	procedural-control;}  
  } 

@article{ dejong_gf:1994a,
  author = {Gerald F. DeJong},
  title = {Learning to Plan in Continuous Domains},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {65},
  number = {1},
  pages = {71--141},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In this paper, we propose an approach to planning in domains
     with continuous world features. We argue that current models of
     world change (including traditional planners, reactive systems,
     and many connectionist systems) implicitly adopt a discrete
     action assumption which precludes efficient reasoning about
     continuous world change. A formalism for continuous world change
     is outlined, and an ideal continuous domain planner is defined.
     An implemented computationally tractable approximation to the
     ideal planner is discussed and its behavior is described.
     Empirically, the implementation is shown to exhibit some of the
     important design features of the new planning approach. Learning
     plays a central role in this approach.  With experience,
     accuracy is increased and planning time is reduced even though
     the system's background knowledge of the world is only
     approximate or "plausible".  The acquired planning concepts are
     most accurate in situations similar to the ones in which they
     are most exercised.  Thus, the approach possesses a natural
     adaptation to systematic properties implicit in the observed
     distribution of problems.},
  topic = {planning;reasoning-about-continuous-time;}  
  } 

@article{ dejong_gf-bennett:1997a,
  author = {Gerald D. DeJong and Scott W. Bennett},
  title = {Permissive Planning: Extending Classical Planning to
  	Uncertain Task Domains},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {89},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {173--217},
  topic = {planning;explanation-based-learning;uncertainty-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ dejong_h-rip:1997a,
  author = {Hidde de Jong and Arie Rip},
  title = {The Computer Revolution in Science: Steps Toward the
  	Realization of Computer-Supported Discovery Procedures},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {91},
  number = {2},
  pages = {225--256},
  topic = {automated-scientific-discovery;}  
  } 

@article{ dejong_h-vanraalte:1999a,
  author = {Hidde de Jong and Frank {van Raalte}},
  title = {Comparative Envisionment Construction: A Technique for
  	the Comparative Analysis of Dynamical Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {115},
  number = {2},
  pages = {145--214},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;dynamic-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dekel-gul:forthcominga,
  author = {E. Dekel and F. Gul},
  title = {Rationality and Knowledge in Game Theory},
  booktitle = {Advances in Economic Theory: Seventh World Congress
  	of the Econometric Society},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  editor = {D. Kreps and K. Wallace},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st names, pages, year.},
  topic = {game-theory;rationality;mutual-belief;}  
  } 

@techreport{ dekker:1990a,
  author = {Paul Dekker},
  title = {The Scope of Negation in Discourse},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--90--09},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland } ,
  topic = {negation;dynamic-logic;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@book{ dekker-stokhof:1991a,
  editor = {Paul Dekker and Martin Stokhof},
  title = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ dekker:1993a,
  author = {Paul Dekker},
  title = {Existential Disclosure},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {6},
  pages = {561--587},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;relational-nouns;adverbs;nl-tense;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dekker:1994a,
  author = {Paul Dekker},
  title = {Predicate Logic with Anaphora},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{IV}},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann},
  pages = {79--95},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ dekker:1996a,
  author = {Paul Dekker},
  title = {The Values of Variables in Dynamic Semantics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {211--257},
  topic = {dynamic-semantics;discourse-representation-theory;donkey-anaphora;
  	anaphora;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ dekker:1999a,
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  title = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  contentnote = {TC:
    1. Horacio Arlo-Costa and Rohit Parikh, "Two Place Probabilities,
		Full Belief and Belief Revision", pp. 1--6
    2. Tim Fernando, "Non-Monotonicity from Constructing Semantic
		Representations", pp. 7--12
    3. Peter Krause, "Identification Language Games", pp. 13--18
    4. Henk Zeevat, "Explaining Presupposition Triggers", pp. 19--24
    5. Anthony S. Gillies, "The Epistemics of
    		Presupposition", pp. 25--30
    6. Jonathan Ginzberg and Ivan Sag, "Constructional Ambiguity in
		Conversation", pp. 31--36
    7. Alice ter Meulen, "Binding by Implicit Arguments", pp. 37--42
    8. Christof Monz, "Modeling Ambiguity in a Multi-Agent
		System", pp. 43--48
    9. C.F.M Vermeulen, "Two Approaches to Modal Interaction in
		Discourse", pp. 49--54
   10. Maria Aloni and David Beaver and Brady Zack Clark, "Focus
		and Topic Sensitive Operators", pp. 55--61
   11. David Beaver, "The Logic of Anaphora Resolution", pp. 61--66
   12. Sigrid Beck, "Plural Predication and Partitional
		Discourses", pp. 67--72
   13. Agnes Bende-Farkas, "Incorporation as Unification", 73--78
   14. Martin van der Berg, "Questions as First-Class
		Citizens", pp. 79--84
   15. Remko Bonnema and Paul Buying and Remko Scha, "A New
		Probability Model for Data Oriented
		Parsing", pp. 85--90
   16. Robin Clark and Natasha Kurtonina, "Consequences from
		{Q}uine", 91--95
   17. Alexis Dimitriades, "Reciprocal Interpretation with Functional
		Pronouns", pp. 97--102
   18. Edit Doron, "The Semantics of Transitivity
		Alternations", pp. 103--108
   19. Markus Egg, "Deriving and Resolving Ambiguities in
		{\it wieder} Sentences", pp. 109--115
   20. Javier Gutu\'errez-Rexach, "Cross-Linguistic Semantics of
		Weak Pronouns in Doubling Structures", pp. 115--120
   21. Erik de Haas and Pieter Adriaans, "Substructural Logic:
		A Unifying Framework for Second Generation Datamining
		Algorithms", pp. 121--126
   22. Caroline Haycock and Roberto Zamparelli, "Toward a Unified
		Analysis of {DP} Conjunction", pp. 127--132
   23. Gerhard J\"ager, "Deconstruction {J}acobson's
		{\bf Z}", pp. 133--138
   24. Theo M.V. Janssen, "{IF} Logic and Informational
		Independence", pp. 139--144
   25. Jan Jaspars and Alexander Koller, "A Calculus for
		Direct Deduction with Dominance Effects", pp. 145--150
   26. Jacques Jayez and Dani\'ele Godard, "True to
		Facts", pp. 151--156
   27. Arivind K. Joshi and Seth Kulick and Natasha
		Kurtonina, "Semantic Composition for
		Partial Proof Trees", pp. 157--162
   28. Reinhard Kahle, "A Proof Theoretic View of
		Intensionality", pp. 163--168
   29. Laura Kallmeyer and Aravind Joshi, "Factoring
		Predicate Argument and Scope Semantics:
		Underspecified Semantics with {LTAG}", pp. 169--174
   30. Ruth Kempson and Wilfried Meyer-Viol, "The Dynamics
		of Tree Growth and Quantifier Construal", pp. 175--180
   31. Sarah D. Kennelly and Fabien Reniers, "Cumulativity \&
		Distributivity Interaction of Polyadic
		Quantifiers", pp. 181--186
   32. Rodger Kibble and Richard Power, "Using Centering Theory
		to Plan Coherent Texts", pp. 187--192
   33. Rick W.F. Nouwen, "DPL with Control Elements", pp. 193--198
   34. Ranier Osswald, "Semantics for Attribute-Value
		Theories", pp. 199--204
   35. Marc Pauly, "Modeling Coalitional Power in Modal
		Logic", pp. 205--210
   36. Robert van Rooy, "Questioning to Resolve Decision
		Problems", pp. 211--216
   37. Isabelle Teller, "Towards a Semantic-Based Theory of Language
		Learning", pp. 217--222
   38. Louise Vigeant, "A Different Game?  Game Theoretical
		Semantics as a New Paradigm", pp. 223--228
   39. Yoad Winter, "Plural Type Quantification", pp. 229--234
   40. Berislav \v{Z}arni\'c, "A Dynamic Solution for the Problem
		of Validity of Practical Propositional
		Inference", pp. 235--240
  } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ dekker:2001a,
  author = {Paul Dekker},
  title = {`Only If' and `Only'\,},
  year = {2001},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Amsterdam.
  http://turing.wins.uva.nl/\user{}pdekker/Papers/OIAO.pdf},
  topic = {conditionals;only-if;dynamic-semantics;} 
  } 

@article{ dekker:2002a,
  author = {Paul Dekker},
  title = {Meaning and Use of Indefinite Expressions},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {141--194},
  topic = {nl-semantics;indefiniteness;pragmatics;} 
  } 

@article{ dekker-pauly:2002a,
  author = {Paul Dekker and Marc Pauly},
  title = {Editorial: Logic and Games},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {287--288},
  topic = {game-theory;game-theoretic-semantics;dynamic-logic;} 
  } 

@article{ dekleer:1984a,
  author = {Johan de Kleer},
  title = {How Circuits Work},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {205--280},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ dekleer:1984b,
  author = {Johan de Kleer},
  title = {Review of {\it The Fifth Generation: Artificial
  	Intelligence and {J}apan's Computer Challenge to the World},
	by {E}.{A}. {F}eigenbaum and {P}. {M}c{C}orduck},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {222--226},
  xref = {Review of feigenbaum-mccorduck:1983a.},
  topic = {popular-cs;cs-journalism;}  
  } 

@article{ dekleer-brown:1984a,
  author = {Johan de Kleer and John Seely Brown},
  title = {A Qualitative Physics Based on Confluences},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {7--83},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ dekleer:1985a,
  author = {Johan de Kleer},
  title = {Review of {\it Building Expert Systems}, by {F}.
  	{H}ayes-{R}oth, {D}.{A}. {W}aterman and {D}ouglas {B}.
	Lenat},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {105--107},
  xref = {Review of hayesroth_f-etal:1983a.},
  topic = {expert-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ dekleer:1986a1,
  author = {Johan de Kleer},
  title = {An Assumption-Based {TMS}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {127--162},
  xref = {Republication: dekleer:1986a2.},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dekleer:1986a2,
  author = {Johan de Kleer},
  title = {An Assumption-Based {TMS}},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {280--297},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: dekleer:1986a1.},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@article{ dekleer:1986b,
  author = {Johan de Kleer},
  title = {Extending the {ATMS}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {28},
  number = {2},
  pages = {163--196},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@article{ dekleer:1986c,
  author = {Johan de Kleer},
  title = {Problem Solving with the {ATMS}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {28},
  number = {2},
  pages = {197--224},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@article{ dekleer-brown_js:1986a,
  author = {Johan de Kleer and John Seely Brown},
  title = {Theories of Causal Ordering},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--61},
  xref = {Commentary on iwasaki-simon:1986a.},
  topic = {causality;qualitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ dekleer-williams_bc:1987a1,
  author = {Johan de Kleer and Brian C. Williams},
  title = {Diagnosing Multiple Faults},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {32},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--130},
  xref = {Republication: dekleer-williams_bc:1987a2.},
  topic = {diagnosis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dekleer-williams_bc:1987a2,
  author = {Johan de Kleer and Brian C. Williams},
  title = {Diagnosing Multiple Faults},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {372--388},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: dekleer-williams:1987a1.},
  topic = {diagnosis;}  
  } 

@article{ dekleer-konolige:1989a,
  author = {Johan de Kleer and Kurt Konolige},
  title = {Eliminating the Fixed Predicates from a Circumscription},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {39},
  number = {3},
  pages = {391--398},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Parallel predicate circumscription is the primary
     circumscriptive technique used in formalizing commonsense
     reasoning.  In this paper we present a direct syntactic
     construction for transforming any parallel predicate
     circumscription using fixed predicates into an equivalent one
     which does not.  Thus, we show that predicate circumscription is
     no more expressive with fixed predicates than without.  We
     extend this result to prioritized circumscription.  These
     results are expected to be useful for comparing circumscription
     to other nonmonotonic formalisms (such as autoepistemic logic
     and assumption-based truth maintenance) and for implementing
     fixed predicates.  } ,
  topic = {autoepistemic-logic;circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;
  	truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dekleer:1991a,
  author = {Johan de Kleer},
  title = {Exploiting Locality in a {TMS}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown},
  pages = {264--271},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@article{ dekleer:1993a,
  author = {Johan de Kleer},
  title = {A Perspective on Assumption-Based Truth Maintenance},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {63--67},
  xref = {Retrospective commentary on dekleer:1986a.},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@article{ dekleer:1993b,
  author = {Johan de Kleer},
  title = {A View on Qualitative Physics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {105--114},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@article{ dekleer:1993c,
  author = {Johan de Kleer},
  title = {In Defense of Nonmonotonic Information},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {174--175},
  xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ dekoning-etal:2000a,
  author = {Kees de Koning and Bert Bredeweg and Joost Breuker and
  	Bob Wielinga},
  title = {Model-Based Reasoning about Learner Behaviour},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {117},
  number = {2},
  pages = {173--229},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Automated handling of tutoring and training functions in
     educational systems requires the availability of articulate
     domain models.  In this article we further develop the
     application of qualitative models for this purpose.  A framework
     is presented that defines a key role for qualitative models as
     interactive simulations of the subject matter.  Within this
     framework our research focuses on automating the diagnosis of
     learner behaviour.  We show how a qualitative simulation model of
     the subject matter can be reformulated to fit the requirements
     of general diagnostic engines such as GDE.  It turns out that,
     due to the specific characteristics of such models, additional
     structuring is required to produce useful diagnostic results.  A
     set of procedures is presented that automatically maps detailed
     simulation models into a hierarchy of aggregated models by
     hiding non-essential details and chunking chains of causal
     dependencies.  The result is a highly structured subject matter
     model that enables the diagnosis of learner behaviour by means
     of an adapted version of the GDE algorithm.  An experiment has
     been conducted that shows the viability of the approach taken,
     i.e., given the output of a qualitative simulator the procedures
     we have developed automatically generate a structured subject
     matter model and subsequently use this model to successfully
     diagnoses learner behaviour.  } ,
  topic = {qualitative-modeling;model-based-reasoning;diagnosis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dekuyper:1995a,
  author = {Jo DeKuyper and Didier Keymeulen and Luc Steels},
  title = {A Hybrid Architecture for Modeling Liquid Behavior},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {731--751},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;
  	physical-reasoning;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dekydtspotter:1993a,
  author =  {Pierre Aime Dekydtspotter},
  title = {The Syntax and Semantics of the {F}rench {\it Ne Que} 
  	Construction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{III}},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner},
  pages = {38--56},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {sentence-focus;French-language;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ delacruz:1976a,
  author = {Enrique B. Delacruz},
  title = {Factives and Proposition Level
     		Constructions in {M}ontague Grammar},
  booktitle = {Montague Grammar},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Barbara H. Partee},
  pages = {177--199},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;(counter)factive-constructions;
  	propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ delacruz-etal:2002a,
  author = {Omar de la Cruz and Eric Hall and Paul Howard and Jean E.
  	Rubin and Adrianne Stanley},
  title = {Definitions of Compactness and the Axiom of Choice},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {143--161},
  topic = {topology;axiom-of-choice;} 
  } 

@book{ delahunty:1982a,
  author = {Gerald P. Delahunty},
  title = {Topics in the Syntax and Semantics of {E}nglish
		Cleft Sentences},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {cleft-constructions;presupposition;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ delannoy:1999a,
  author = {Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Delannoy},
  title = {Argumentation Mark-Up: A Proposal},
  booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging:
  	Proceedings of the Workshop},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {18--25},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-tagging;corpus-linguistics;argumentation;}  
  } 

@article{ delcerro-etal:1994a,
  author = {Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzog and J\'er\^ome Lang},
  title = {From Ordering-Based Nonmonotonic Reasoning to Conditional Logics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {66},
  number = {2},
  pages = {375--393},
  contentnote = {Shows how to get a Lehmann-Magidor conditional from
  	a Gardenfors-Makinson ordering on formulas.  They do not seem
	to be conversant with the earlier work on conditionals.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;conditional-logic;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ delgrande:1987a,
  author = {James Delgrande},
  title = {A Logic for Representing Default and Prototypical
  	Properties},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi},
  pages = {423--429},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal publication: delgrande:1987b.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;generics;}  
 } 

@article{ delgrande:1987b,
  author = {James Delgrande},
  title = {A First-Order Conditional Logic for Prototypical Properties},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {33},
  number = {1},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {105--130},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;generics;}  
    } 

@article{ delgrande:1988a,
 author = {James Delgrande},
 title = {An Approach to Default Reasoning Based on a First-Order
 	Conditional Logic: Revised Report},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {63--90},
  number = {1},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ delgrande:1989a,
  author = {James P. Delgrande},
  title = {A Semantics for a Class of Inheritance Networks},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, School of Computing Science,
  	Simon Frazer University},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ delgrande-jackson:1991a,
  author = {James P. Delgrande and W. Ken Jackson},
  title = {Default Logic Revisited},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {118--127},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ delgrande:1992a,
  author = {James P. Delgrande},
  title = {Accessibility in Logics of Explicit Belief},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {450--461},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ delgrande-etal:1994a,
  author = {James Delgrande and Torsten Schaub and {W. Ken} Jackson},
  title = {Alternative Approaches to Default Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {70},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {167--237},
  topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
    } 

@incollection{ delgrande-schaub:1994a,
  author = {James Delgrande and Torsten Schaub},
  title = {A General Approach to Specificity in Default Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {146--157},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;specificity;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ delgrande:1995a,
  author = {James P. Delgrande},
  title = {Syntactic Conditional Closures for Defeasible Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1488--1494},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ delgrande-gupta_a:1996a,
  author = {James P. Delgrande and Arvind Gupta},
  title = {A Representation for Efficient Temporal Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {381--388},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;kr;krcourse;}  
  } 

@article{ delgrande-schaub:1997a,
  author = {James P. Delgrande and Torsten H. Schaub},
  title = {Compiling Specificity into Approaches to Nonmonotonic
  	Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {90},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {301--348},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;specificity;kr;}  
  } 

@article{ delgrande:1998a,
  author = {James P. Delgrande},
  title = {On First-Order Conditional Logics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {105--137},
  topic = {conditionals;lottery-paradox;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ delgrande:1998b,
  author = {James P. Delgrande},
  title = {Conditional Logics for Defeasible Logics},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 2:  Reasoning with
                Actual and Potential Contradictions},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Phillipe Besnard and Anthony Hunter},
  pages = {135--174},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ delgrande-schaub:1999a,
  author = {James P. Delgrande and Torsten Schaub},
  title = {The Role of Default Logic in Knowledge Representation:
		Preliminary Draft},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {default-logic;common-sense-reasoning;
		common-sense-logicism;}  
  } 

@article{ delgrande-schaub:2000a,
  author = {James P. Delgrande and Torsten Schaub},
  title = {Expressing Preferences in Default Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {123},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {41--87},
  topic = {default-logic;default-preferences;}  
  } 

@incollection{ delgrande-schaub:2000b,
  author = {James P. Delgrande and Torsten Schaub},
  title = {The Role of Default Logic in Knowledge Representation},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {107--126},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;kr;nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;
  	nonmonotonic-prioritization;}  
  } 

@article{ delgrande-etal:2001a,
  author = {James Delgrande and Arvind Gupta and Tim Van Allen},
  title = {A Comparison of Point-Based Approaches to Qualitative
  	Temporal  Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {131},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {135--170},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ deligne-sagisaka:1998a,
  author = {Sabine Deligne and Yoshinori Sagisaka},
  title = {Learning a Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Structure from
  	Language Data with a Bi-Multigram Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {300--306},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {word-sequence-probabilities;}  
} 

@incollection{ delima:1997a,
  author = {Erika F. de Lima},
  title = {Assigning Grammatical Relations with a Back-Off Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {90--96},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;corpus-tagging;
		grammatical-relations;German-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ delima:1998a,
  author = {Erica F. de Lima},
  title = {Induction of a Stem Lexicon for Two-Level Morphological
  		Analysis},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {267--268},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-morphology;word-acquisition;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ delin-etal:1993a,
  author = {Judy Delin and Donia Scott and Tony Hartley},
  title = {Knowledge, Intention, Rhetoric: Levels of Variation
  	in Multilingual  Instructions},
  booktitle = {{ACL} Workshop on Intentionality and Structure in
  	Discourse Relations},
  pages = {7--10},
  address = {Columbus, Ohio},
  year = {1993},
  topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ delin-etal:1994a,
  author = {Judy Delin and Anthony Hartley and C\'ecile Paris and Donia Scott
  	and Keith Vander Linden},
  title = {Expressing Procedural Relationships in Multilingual
  	Instructions},
  booktitle = {Seventh International Workshop on Natural Language Generation},
  address = {Kennebunkport, Maine},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {61--70},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ delisle-etal:1998a,
  author = {Sylvain Delisle and Sylvain L\'etourneau and Stan Matwin},
  title = {Experiments with Learning Parsing Heuristics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {307--314},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;machine-learning;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ dellapierta-etal:1997a,
  author = {Stephen Della Pietra and Mark Epstein and Salim Roukos
  	and Todd Ward},
  title = {Fertility Models for Statistical Natural Language
  	Understanding},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {168--173},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-semantics;statistical-nlp;}  
 } 

@article{ dellarocca-roversi:1997a,
  author = {S Ronchi Della Rocca and L. Roversi},
  title = {Lambda Calculus and Intuitionistic Linear Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {3},
  pages = {417--448},
  topic = {lambda-calculus;intuitionistic-logic;linear-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ delmasrigoutsos:1997a,
  author = {Yannis Delmas-Rigoutsos},
  title = {A Double Deduction System for Quantum Logic Based on
  	Natural Deduction},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--67},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ delval:1992a,
  author = {Alvaro Del Val},
  title = {Computing Knowledge Base Updates},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {740--750},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;database-update;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ delval-shoham_y1:1993a,
  author = {Alvaro {d}el {V}al and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Deriving Properties of Belief Update From Theories of Action {II}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {732--737},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {See delval-shoham_y1:1994a for journal publication.},
  topic = {belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ delval:1994a,
  author = {Alvaro del Val},
  title = {Tractable Databases:  How to Make Propositional Unit Resolution
  	Complete Through Compilation},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {551--561},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;theorem-proving;complexity-in-AI;tractable-logics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ delval-shoham_y1:1994a,
  author = {Alvaro {d}el {V}al and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Deriving Properties of Belief Update From Theories of Action},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {81--119},
  contentnote = {This is about revising your beliefs in response to
  	changes in the world, not about AGM update.  Authors argue
	that the this is NM temporal reasoning.},
  topic = {kr;belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ delval:2000a,
  author = {Alvaro del Val},
  title = {On Some Tractable Classes in Deduction and Abduction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {116},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {297--313},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ demantaras-arcos:2002a,
  author = {Ramon Lopez de Mantaras and Josep Lluis Arcos},
  title = {{AI} and Music: From Composition to Expressive Performance},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {43--57},
  topic = {AI-and-music;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ demarcken:1995a,
  author = {Carl de Marcken},
  title = {Lexical Heads, Phrase Structure, and Induction
				of Grammar},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very
		Large Corpora},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {14--26},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;machine-learning;grammar-learning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ demarcken:1996a,
  author = {Carl de Marcken},
  title = {Linguistic Structure as Composition and Perturbation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {335--341},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {word-learning;computational-lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ demello-sanderson:1986a,
  author = {L. DeMelloh and A.C. Sanderson},
  title = {And/Or Graph Representation of Assembly Plans},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  missinginfo = {pages = {1113--??}},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;and/or-graphs;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ demolombe:1995a,
  author = {Robert Demolombe},
  title = {Reasoning about Topics: Towards a Formal Theory},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  pages = {55--59},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;d-topic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ demolombe:1999a,
  author = {Robert Demolombe},
  title = {Multivalued Logics and Topics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Practical Reasoning and Rationality},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {John Bell},
  pages = {1--7},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {multi-valued-logic;relevance ;}  
  } 

@article{ demopoulos:1982a,
  author = {William Demopoulos},
  title = {The Rejection of Truth-Conditional Semantics by {P}utnam and
  	{D}ummett},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {135--153},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ demopoulos:1994a,
  author = {William Demopoulos},
  title = {Frege and the Rigorization of Analysis},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {225--245},
  topic = {Frege;}  
  } 

@article{ demopoulos:1999a,
  author = {William Demopoulos},
  title = {On the Theory of Meaning of `On Denoting'},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  number = {3},
  pages = {439--458},
  topic = {Russell;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ demori:1998a,
  editor = {Renato de Mori},
  title = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {New York},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Renato de Mori, "Problems and Methods for
		Solution", pp. 1--22
	2. Maurizio Onologi and Piergiorgio Svaizer and Renato de
		Mori, "Acoustic Transduction", pp. 23--67
	3. Bianca Angelini and Daliele Falavigna and Maurizio Onologi
		and Renato de Mori, "Basic Speech Sounds, their
		Analysis and Features", pp. 69--121
	4. Diego Giuliani and Daniele Falavigna and Renato de
		Mori, "Parameter Transformation", pp. 123--139
	5. Fabio Brugnara and Renato de Mori, "Acoustic
		Modeling", pp. 141--170
	6. Fabio Brugnara and Renato de Mori, "Training of
		Acoustic Models", pp. 171--197
	7. Marcello Federico and Renato de Mori, "Language
		Modeling", pp. 199--230
        8. Mauro Cettolo and Roberto Gretter and Renato de
       		Mori, "Knowledge Integration", pp. 231--256
        9. Mauro Cettolo and Roberto Gretter and Renato de
       		Mori, "Search and Generation of Word
		Hypotheses", pp. 287--309
       10. Edmondo Trentin and Yoshua Bengio and Cesare
       		Furlanello and Renato de Mori, "Neural
		Networks for Speech Recognition", pp. 311--361
       11. Diego Giuliani and Renato de Mori, "Speaker
       		Adaptation", pp. 363--403
       12. Chafic Mokbel and Denis Jouvet and Jean Monn\'e
       		and Renato de Mori, "Robust Speech
		Recognition", pp. 405--460
       13. Anna Corazza and Renato de Mori, "On the Use of
       		Formal Grammars", 461--484
       14. Roland Kuhn and Renato de Mori, "Sentence
       		Interpretation", pp 485--522
       15.  David Sadek and Renato de Mori, "Dialogue
       		Systems", pp. 523--561
       16. Christel Sorin and Renato de Mori, "Sentence
       		Generation", pp. 563--582
       17. Giuliano Antoniol and Roberto Fiutem and Gianni
       		Lazzari and Renato de Mori, "System Architectures
		and Applications", pp. 583--609
   } ,
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
 } 

@incollection{ demori:1998b,
  author = {Renato de Mori},
  title = {Problems and Methods for Solution},
  booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Renato de Mori},
  pages = {1--22},
  address = {New York},
  contentnote = {This is an overview, and introduction to demori:1998a.},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@article{ demos:1964a,
  author = {Raphael Demos},
  title = {Plato's Theory of Language},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {62},
  number = {20},
  pages = {595--610},
  xref = {Comments: ackrill:1964a.},
  topic = {Plato;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ demri:1994a,
  author = {St\'ephanie Demri},
  title = {Efficient Strategies for Automated Reasoning
  	in Modal Logics},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce},
  pages = {182--197},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {modal-logic;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ demri:1999a,
  author = {St\'ephane Demri},
  title = {A Logic with Relative Knowledge Operators},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {167--185},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;complexity-theory;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@article{ demri-gabbay:2000a,
  author = {St\'ephanie Demri and Dov Gabbay},
  title = {On Modal Logics Characterized by Models with Relative
  	Accessibility Relations: Part {II}},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {66},
  number = {3},
  pages = {349--384},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ demri-gore:2000a,
  author = {St\'ephane Demri and Rajeev Gor\'e},
  title = {Display Calculi for Logics with Relative Accessibility
  	Relations},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {213--236},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;modal-logic;proof-theory;display-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dendikken-etal:1996a,
  author = {Marcel den Dikken and Richard K. Larson and Peter
    		Ludlow},
  title = {Intensional `Transitive' Verbs and
		Concealed Complement Clauses},
  booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Peter Ludlow},
  pages = {1041--1053},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {intensional-transitive-verbs;intensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ denecke_hm:1977a,
  author = {Heinz-Martin Denecke},
  title = {Quantum Logic of Quantifiers},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {405--413},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ denecke_m:1997a,
  author = {Matthias Denecke},
  title = {A Programmable Multi-Blackboard Architecture
                for Dialogue Processing Systems},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {98--105},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ denecke_m-waibel:1999a,
  author = {Matthias Denecke and Alex Waibel},
  title = {Integrating Knowledge Sources for the Specification of
		a Task-Oriented Dialogue System},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jan Alexandersson},
  pages = {33--40},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@incollection{ denecker-etal:2002a,
  author = {Marc Denecker and Victor W. Marek and Miroslaw Trusinski},
  title = {Ultimate Approximations in Nonmonotonic Knowledge
  	Representation Systems},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {177--188},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;well-founded-semantics;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ deneker-etal:1999a,
  author = {Marc Deneker and Viktor Marek and Miroslaw Truszczy\'nski},
  title = {Approximating Operators, Stable Operators, Well-Founded
		Fixpoints and Applications in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;logic-programming;stable-models;
		fixpoint-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ deneker-etal:2000a,
  author = {Marc Denecker and Victor W. Marek and Miroslaw
  	Truszczy\'nski},
  title = {Uniform Semantic Treatment of Default and Autoepistemic
  	Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {74--84},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ deneker-etal:2000b,
  author = {Marc Deneker and Viktor Marek and Miroslaw
  	Truszczy\'nski},
  title = {Approximations, Stable Operators,
		Well-Founded Fixpoints and Applications in
		Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {127--144},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;nonmonotonic-logic;fixpoint-semantics;
  	stable-models;auotepistemic-logic;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ denivelle:1998a,
  author = {Hans de Nivelle},
  title = {Review of {\em The Resolution Calculus},
		by {A}lexander {L}eitsch},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {499--502},
  topic = {resolution;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ dennett:1971a1,
  author = {Daniel C. Dennett},
  title = {Intentional Systems},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {68},
  pages = {87--106},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republished: dennett:1971a2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-psychology;
      philosophy-of-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dennett:1971a2,
  author = {Daniel C. Dennett},
  title = {Intentional Systems},
  booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {John Haugeland},
  pages = {220-- 242},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Originally Published: dennett:1971a1.},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-psychology;
      philosophy-of-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dennett:1975a,
  author = {Douglas C. Dennett},
  title = {Brain Writing and Mind Reading},
  booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge.  {M}innesota Studies in
  	the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Keith Gunderson},
  pages = {403--415},
  address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
  topic = {mental-representations;}  
  } 

@book{ dennett:1978a,
  author = {Daniel C. Dennett},
  title = {Brainstorms},
  publisher = {Bradford Books},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Montgomery, Vermont},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;freedom;volition;}  
 } 

@book{ dennett-lambert:1978a,
  editor = {Daniel C. Dennett and Kerel Lambert},
  title = {The Philosophical Lexicon},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Privately published.},
  topic = {humor;philosophy-general;}  
 } 

@article{ dennett:1982a,
  author = {Daniel C. Dennett},
  title = {Recent Work in Philosophy of Interest to {AI}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--5},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ dennett:1983a,
  author = {Daniel C. Dennett},
  title = {Styles of Mental Representation},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {83},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {213--226},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-language;
  	philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@book{ dennett:1984a,
 author = {Daniel C. Dennett},
 title = {Elbow Room: The Varieties of Free Will Worth Wanting},
 publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
 year = {1984},
 address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
 topic = {freedom;}  
 } 

@article{ dennett:1984b,
  author = {Daniel C. Dennett},
  title = {Recent Work in Philosophy {II}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {231--233},
  topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dennett:1986a,
  author = {Daniel C. Dennett},
  title = {The Moral First Aid Manual},
  booktitle = {The {T}anner Lectures on Human Values, Volume {VIII}},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {119--147},
  topic = {ethics;}  
    } 

@book{ dennett:1987a,
  author = {Daniel C. Dennett},
  title = {The Intentional Stance},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {026204093-X},
  topic = {intentionality;philosophy-of-psychology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dennett:1987b,
  author = {Daniel C. Dennett},
  title = {Cognitive Wheels: The Frame Problem of {AI}},
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem
    		 in Artificial Intelligence},
  editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {41--64},
  topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;}  
    } 

@book{ dennett:1991a,
  author = {Daniel C. Dennett},
  title = {Consciousness Explained},
  publisher = {Little, Brown and Co.},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Boston},
  xref = {Review: lycan:1993a},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;consciousness;}  
 } 

@article{ dennett:1993a,
  author = {Daniel C. Dennett},
  title = {Book Review of `Unified Theories of Cognition'
  	({A}llen {N}ewell)},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {285--294},
  xref = {Review of newell:1992a.},
  topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dennett:1994a,
  author = {Daniel C. Dennett},
  title = {Language and Intelligence},
  booktitle = {What is Intelligence?},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jean Khalfa},
  pages = {161--178},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;foundations-of-cognition;
  	foundations-of-language;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ dennett:1996a,
  author = {Daniel C. Dennett},
  title = {Kinds of Minds: Toward an Understanding
		of Consciousness},
  publisher = {Basic Books},
  year = {1996},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {consciousness;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dennett:1996b,
  author = {Daniel C. Dennett},
  title = {Producing Future by Telling Stories},
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem
             in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn},
  pages = {1--7},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-of-cogsci;}  
  } 

@book{ dennis-tapsfield:1996a,
  editor = {Ian Dennis and Patrick Tapsfield},
  title = {Human Abilities: Their Nature and Measurement},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;measurement-in-behavioral-science;}  
 } 

@book{ denzin-lincoln:1998a,
  editor = {Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln},
  title = {The Landscape of Qualitative Research},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {qualitative-methods;}  
 } 

@book{ denzin-lincoln:1998b,
  editor = {Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln},
  title = {Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {qualitative-methods;}  
 } 

@book{ denzin-lincoln:1998c,
  editor = {Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln},
  title = {Collecting and Interpreting Qualitative Materials},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {qualitative-methods;}  
 } 

@incollection{ denzinger-dahn:1998a,
  author = {J. Denzinger and I. Dahn},
  title = {Cooperating Theorem Provers},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ denzinger-fuchs:1998a,
  author = {J. Denzinger and M. Fuchs},
  title = {A Comparison of Equality
   	Reasoning Heuristics},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ depaul-ramsey:1998a,
  editor = {Michael R. De{P}aul and William Ramsey},
  title = {Rethinking Intuition},
  publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield Publishers, Inc.},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {common-sense;}  
 } 

@article{ depaul:2002a,
  author = {Michael R. DePaul},
  title = {Review of {\it Knowledge in a Social World}, by {A}lvin
  	{L}. {G}oldman},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {36},
  number = {2},
  pages = {335--350},
  xref = {Review of: goldman:1999a.},
  topic = {epsitemology;social-philosophy;} 
  } 

@incollection{ depauw-daelemans:2000a,
  author = {Guy de Pauw and Walter Daelemans},
  title = {The Role of Algorithm
             Bias vs. Information Source in Learning Algorithms
	     for Morphosyntactic Disambiguation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {19--24},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;disambiguation;}  
  } 

@article{ depraetere:1995a,
  author = {Ilse Depraetere},
  title = {On the Necessity of Distinguishing Between (Un)Boundedness
  	and (A)Telicity},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--19},
  topic = {Aktionsarten;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ deprez:1994a,
  author = {Viviane Deprez},
  title = {Questions with Floated Quantifiers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{IV}},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann},
  pages = {96--113},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@article{ deraedt-bruynooghe:1992a,
  author = {Luc De Raedt and Maurice Bruynooghe},
  title = {Belief Updating from Integrity Constraints and Queries},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {53},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {291--307},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ deraedt-dzeroski:1994a,
  author = {Luc De Raedt and Sa\v{s}o D\v{z}eroski},
  title = {First-Order jk-Clausal Theories Are {PAC}-Learnable},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {70},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {375--392},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We present positive PAC-learning results for the nonmonotonic
     inductive logic programming setting. In particular, we show that
     first-order range-restricted clausal theories that consist of
     clauses with up to k literals of size at most j each are
     polynomial-sample polynomial-time PAC-learnable with one-sided
     error from positive examples only. In our framework, concepts
     are clausal theories and examples are finite interpretations. We
     discuss the problems encountered when learning theories which
     only have infinite nontrivial models and propose a way to avoid
     these problems using a representation change called flattening.
     Finally, we compare our results to PAC-learnability results for
     the normal inductive logic programming setting.
  } ,
  topic = {Horn-clause-abduction;PAC-learnability;polynomial-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ deraedt:1997a,
  author = {Luc de Raedt},
  title = {Logical Settings for Concept-Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {95},
  number = {1},
  pages = {187--201},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ deraedt:1998a,
  author = {Luc De Raedt},
  title = {An Inductive Logic Programming Query
		Language for Database Mining (Extended Abstract)},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {1--13},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {inductive-logic-programming;}  
  } 

@book{ derijke:1995a,
  editor = {Maarten de Rijke},
  title = {Diamonds and Defaults},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
             1.  Johan van Benthem, "Beyond Accessibility: Functional
		  Models for Modal Logic", pp. 1--18
             2.  Patrick Blackburn, "Modal Logic and Attribute
		  Value Structures", pp. 19--65
             3.  Tijn Borghus, "Interpreting Modal Natural Deduction in
		  Type Theory", pp. 67--102
             4.  Kosta Do\v{s}en, "Modal Translations in K and
                  D", pp. 103--127
             5.  Jan O.M. Jaspars, "Logical Omniscience and
		  Inconsistent Belief", pp. 129--146
             6.  Catholijn Jonker, "Cautious Backtracking in Truth
		  Maintenance Systems", pp. 147--173
             7.  Marcus Kracht, "How Completeness and Correspondence
		  Theory Got Married", pp. 175--214
             8.  Dirk Roorda, "Dyadic Modalities and Lambek
                  Calculus", pp. 215--253
             9.  Valentin Shehtman, "A Logic with Progressive
                  Tenses", pp. 255--285
             10. Edith Spaan, "The Complexity of Propositional Tense
		 Logics", pp. 287--307
             11. Elias Thijsse, "On Total Awareness Logics", pp. 309--347
             12. Yde Venema, "Completeness via Completeness: Since and
		  Until", pp. 349--358
             13. Gerard Vreeswijk, "The Feasibility of Defeat in
		  Defeasible Reasoning", pp. 359--380
		 	},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;logic-in-AI;}  
 } 

@article{ derijke:1995b,
  author = {Maarten de Rijke},
  title = {The Logic of {P}eirce Algebras},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {227--250},
  topic = {algebraic-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ derijke-venema:1995a,
  author = {Maarten de Rijke and Yde Venema},
  title = {Sahlqvist's Theorem for Boolean Algebras with Operators
  	with an Application to Cylindric Algebras},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {54},
  number = {1},
  pages = {61--78},
  topic = {algebraic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ derijke:1997a,
  author = {Maarten de Rijke},
  title = {Advances in Intensional Logic},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
	1. Johan van Benthem and N. Alechina, "Modal Quantification
			over Structured Domains"
	2. Patrick Blackburn and W. Meyer-Viol, "Model Logic and
			Model-Theoretic Syntax"
	3. R.J.C.B. Queroz and Dov Gabbay, "The Functional
			Interpretation of Modal Necessity"
	4. V.V. Rybakov, "Logics of Schemes for "First-Order
			Theories and Poly-Modal Propositional Logic"
	5. J. Seligman, "The Logic of Correct Description"
	6. D. Vakaralov, "Modal Logic of Arrows"
	7. H. Wansing, "A Full-Circle Theorem for Simple
			Tense Logic"
	8. M. Zakharyaschev, "Canonical Formulas for Modal and
			Superintuitionistic Logics: A Short Outline"
	9. E.N. Zalta, "The Modal Subject Calculus and its
			Interpretation"
  } ,
  ISBN = {0792347110},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ derijke:1997b,
  author = {Maarten de Rijke},
  title = {A System of Dynamic Modal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {109--142},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ derijke:1999a,
  author = {Maarten de Rijke},
  title = {Review of {\em {L}ogical Reasoning with Diagrams}, edited
  	by {G}erard {A}llwein and {J}on {B}arwise},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {387--390},
  xref = {Review of allwein-barwise:1996a.},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;
  	logical-reasoning;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ derijke:1999b,
  author = {Maarten de Rijke},
  title = {Review of {\it Information Flow: The Logic of Distributed
  	Systems}, by {J}on {B}arwise and {J}erry {S}eligman},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {64},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1836},
  xref = {Review of barwise-seligman:1997a.},
  topic = {information-flow-theory;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ derijke:2000a,
  author = {Maartin de Rijke},
  title = {Review of {\em Handbook of Tableau Methods}, edited by
		{M}arcello {D}'{A}gostino, {D}ov {M}. {G}abbay, 
		{R}einer {H}\"anle and {J}oachim {P}osegga},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {518--523},
  xref = {Review of: dagostino_m-etal:1999a.},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ derijke:2001a,
  author = {Maarten de Rijke},
  title = {Computing with Meaning},
  booktitle = {Logic in Action},
  publisher = {Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation,
  	University of Amsterdam},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Johan van Benthen and Paul Dekker and Jan van Eijk and
  	Maarten de Rijke and Yde Venema},
  pages = {75--113},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {computational-semantics;information-retrieval;} 
  } 

@article{ dermitas-kokkinakis:1995a,
  author = {Evangelos Dermitas and George Kokkinakis},
  title = {Automatic Stochastic Tagging of Natural Language Texts},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {137--163},
  topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@article{ derose:1991a,
  author = {Keith DeRose},
  title = {Epistemic Possibilities},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {107},
  number = {2},
  pages = {581--605},
  topic = {possibility;} 
  } 

@article{ derose:1995a,
  author = {Keith DeRose},
  title = {Solving the Skeptical Problem},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {104},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--52},
  topic = {agent-attitudes;context;skepticism;}  
 } 

@article{ derose-grandy_re:1999a,
  author = {Keith DeRose and Richard E. Grandy},
  title = {Conditional Assertions and `Biscuit' Conditionals},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  number = {3},
  pages = {405--420},
  contentnote = {A "biscuit conditional" is one like Austin's
  	example, "There are biscuits on the sideboard if you
	want some".},
  topic = {conditional-assertion;conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ derouilhan:1996a,
  author = {Philippe de Rouilhan},
  title = {Russell et le Cercle des Paradoxes},
  publisher = {\'Epim\'eth\'ee},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Presses Universitaires de France},
  xref = {Review: dacosta-bueno:1999a.},
  topic = {Russell;paradoxes;}  
 } 

@book{ derrida:1993a,
  author = {Jacques Derrida},
  title = {Aporias},
  publisher = {Stanford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {postmodernism;}  
 } 

@article{ dershowitz:1985a,
  author = {Nachum Dershowitz},
  title = {Synthetic Programming},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {25},
  number = {3},
  pages = {323--373},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Given a formal specification for a desired program, our goal is
     to transform it step-by-step into executable code. We proceed in
     a top-down fashion - as suggested by `structured programming'
     methodology. Each step consists of applying a synthesis rule to
     rewrite a segment of the developing program in increased detail.
     If every step is transparent enough to ensure correctness, each
     partial program in the series is sure to be equivalent to its
     predecessor. In particular, the final program is guaranteed to
     satisfy the initial specifications.
       In this paper, we concentrate on automatable strategies for
     the formation of iterative loops, giving rules based on
     `invariant assertions' and on `subgoal assertions'.  } ,
  topic = {automatic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ derthick:1990a,
  author = {Mark Derthick},
  title = {Review of {\it Connections and Symbols},
    edited by {S}teven {P}inker and {J}acques {M}ehler},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {43},
  number = {2},
  pages = {251--265},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;connectionism;}  
  } 

@article{ derthick:1990b,
  author = {Mark Derthick},
  title = {Mundane Reasoning by Settling on a Plausible Model},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {46},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {107--157},
  topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;}  
  } 

@article{ deruyver-hod:1997a,
  author = {A. Deruyver and Y. Hod\'e},
  title = {Constraint Satisfaction Problem with Bilevel Constraint:
  	Application to Interpretation of Over Segmented Images},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {93},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {321--335},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In classical finite-domain constraint satisfaction problems, the
     assumption made is that only one value is associated with only
     one variable. For example, in pattern recognition one variable
     is associated with only one segmented region. However, in
     practice, regions are often over-segmented which results in
     failure of any one to one mapping. This paper proposes a
     definition of finite-domain constraint satisfaction problems
     with bilevel constraints in order to take into account a many to
     one relation between the values and the variables. The
     additional level of constraint concerns the data assigned to the
     same complex variable.  Then, we give a definition of the arc
     consistency problem for bilevel constraint satisfaction
     checking. A new algorithm for arc consistency to deal with these
     problems is presented as well.  This extension of the arc
     consistency algorithm retains its good properties and has a time
     complexity in O(en3d2) in the worst case.  This algorithm was
     tested on medical images. These tests demonstrate its
     reliability in correctly identifying the segmented regions even
     when the image is over-segmented.},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;arc-(in)consistency;image-processing;}  
  } 

@book{ desain-honing:1992a,
  author = {Peter Desain and Henkjan Honing},
  title = {Music, Mind and Machine: Studies in Computer Music, Music
    Cognition and Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Thesis Publishers},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {9051701497},
  xref = {Review: smoliar:1996a.},
  contentnote = {Includes material from both authors' theses and
    most of their published works that were completed at the Utrecht
    Centre for Knowledge Technology and at City University in London.
    Includes bibliographical references.},
  xref = {Review: smoliar:1996a.},
  topic = {AI-and-music;}  
 } 

@article{ deschreye-etal:1989a,
  author = {Danny de Schreye and Maurice Bruynooghe and Kristof
  	Verschaetse},
  title = {On the Existence of Nonterminating Queries for a
  	Restricted Class of {PROLOG}-Clauses},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {41},
  number = {2},
  pages = {237--248},
  topic = {Prolog;AI-algorithms-analysis;}  
  } 

@book{ deschreye:1999a,
  editor = {Danny De Schreye},
  title = {Logic Programming: Proceedings of the 1999 International
  	Conference on Logic Programming},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262541041},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
 } 

@article{ descotte-latombe:1985a,
  author = {Yannick Descotte and Jean-Claude Latombe},
  title = {Making Compromises among Antagonist Constraints in a
  	Planner},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {183--217},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;conflict-resolution;}  
  } 

@article{ desjardins-etal:1999a,
  author = {Marie E. {des}{J}ardins and Edmund H. Durfee and
  	Charles L {Ortiz, Jr.} and Michael Wolverton},
  title = {A Survey of Research in Distributed, Continual Planning},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {13--22},
  topic = {distributed-systems;planning;multiagent-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ desjardins-wolverton:1999a,
  author = {Marie E. {des}{J}ardins and Michael Wolverton},
  title = {Coordinating a Distributed Planning System},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {45--53},
  topic = {multiagent-planning;distributed-systems;cooperation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ desmedt:1984a,
  author = {Koenraad De Smedt},
  title = {Using Object-Oriented Knowledge-Representation
	Techniques in Morphology and Syntax Programming},
  booktitle = {Proceedings, Sixth {E}uropean {C}onference on {A}rtificial
  	{I}ntelligence},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {181--184},
  missinginfo = {editor, organization, publisher, address } ,
  topic = {morphilogy;inheritance;nml;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ desmedt:1990a,
  author = {Koenraad De Smedt},
  title = {Incremental Sentence Generation: A Computer Model
	of Grammatical Encoding},
  school = {Katholieke Universiteit te Nijmegen},
  year = {1990},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Nijmegen},
  note = {Nijmegen Institute for
	Cognition Research and Information Technology Technical
	Report 90-01, 1990.},
  topic = {nl-processing;}  
 } 

@incollection{ desousa:1986a,
  author = {Ronald B. de Sousa},
  title = {Desire and Time},
  booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical
  	Psychology on the Concept of Wanting},
  publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joel Marks},
  pages = {83--100},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {desire;philosophical-psychology;temporal-reasoning;
  	practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ desousa:1987a,
  author = {Ronald Desousa},
  title = {The Rationality of Emotion},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {emotion;}  
 } 

@article{ desousa:1998a,
  author = {Ronald Desousa},
  title = {Individual Natures},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {3--22},
  contentnote = {Considers the question of whether there can
  	be laws about human beings.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-psychology;human-nature;}  
  } 

@article{ desousa:2000a,
  author = {Ronald de Sousa},
  title = {Review of {\it Artificial Intelligence and Literary
  	Creativity: Inside the Mind of {BRUTUS}, a Storytelling
	Machine}, by {S}elmer {B}ringsford and {D}avid {A}.
	{F}errucci},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {642--647},
  xref = {Review of: bringsford-ferrucci:2000a},
  topic = {automated-creative-writing;}  
  } 

@techreport{ desrivieres-smith_bc:1984a,
  author = {Jim des Rivi\'eres and Brian C. Smith},
  title = {The Implementation of Procedurally Reflective Languages},
  institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  number = {CSLI--84--9},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {self-reference;programming-languages;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ desrivieres-levesque:1986a,
  author = {Jim des Rivi\'eres and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {The Consistency of Syntactical Treatments of Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {115--130},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {syntactic-reflection;}  
  } 

@book{ deswart_h1:1998a,
  author = {Henriette de Swart},
  title = {Introduction to Natural Language Semantics},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  xref = {Review: hartmann_k-zimmerman_te:2000a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ deswart_h2-rauszer:1995a,
  author = {Harrie de Swart and Cecylia Rauszer},
  title = {Different Approaches to Knowledge, Common Knowledge and
  	Aumann's Theorem},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {Akedemie Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {87--102},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-beliefs;}  
  } 

@article{ deswart_hcm-posy:1981a,
  author = {H.C.M. Deswart and Carl Posy},
  title = {Validity and Quantification in Intuitionism},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {117--126},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ detlefsen:1979a,
  author = {Michael Detlefsen},
  title = {On Interpreting G\"odel's Second Theorem},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {297--313},
  topic = {goedels-second-theorem;}  
  } 

@book{ detlefsen:1986a,
  author = {Michael Detlefsen},
  title = {Hilbert's Program},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {90-277-2151-3},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;foundations-of-mathematics;
  	Hilbert's-program;}  
 } 

@article{ detlefsen:1990a,
  author = {Michael Detlefsen},
  title = {On the Alleged Refutation of {H}ilbert's Program
		Using {G}\"odel's First Incompleteness Theorem},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {4},
  pages = {343--377},
  contentnote = {Kreisel, Prawitz, Simpson, and Smorynski have claimed that
	G1 provides a refutation of Hilbert's program at least as good
	as that provided by G1.},
  topic = {goedels-first-theorem;Hilbert's-program;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ deutsch_d-ekert:1999a,
  author = {David Deutsch and Artur Ekert},
  title = {Quantum Communication Moves into the Unknown},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {quantum-computation;}  
  } 

@article{ deutsch_d-etal:2000a,
  author = {David Deutsch and Artur Ekhert and Rosella Lupacchini},
  title = {Machines, Logic and Quantum Physics},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {265--283},
  topic = {quantum-computation;}  
  } 

@article{ deutsch_h:1984a,
  author = {Harry Deutsch},
  title = {Paraconsistent Analytic Implication},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--11},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ deutsch_h:1998a,
  author = {Harry Deutsch},
  title = {Identity and General Similarity},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {177--199},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {identity;similarity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ deutsch_wa-etal:1997a,
  author = {Werner A. Deutsch and Ralf Vollman and Anton Noll and Sylvia
		Moosm\"uller},
  title = {An Open Systems Approach to an
		Acoustic-Phonetic Continuous Speech Database: The
		{S}-{T}ools Database-Management System
		({STDBMS})},
  booktitle = {Linguistic Databases},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {John Nerbonne},
  pages = {77--92},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {linguistic-databases;}  
  } 

@incollection{ devanbu-litman:1991a,
  author = {Premkumar Devanbu and Diane J. Litman},
  title = {Plan-Based Terminological Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {128--138},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Superseded by devanbu-litman:1996a},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ devanbu-litman:1996a,
  author = {Premkumar Devanbu and Diane J. Litman},
  title = {Taxonomic Plan Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {84},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--35},
  xref = {See devanbu-litman:1991a},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ dever:1999a,
  author = {Josh Dever},
  title = {Compositionality as Methodology},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {311--326},
  topic = {compositionality;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ dever:2001a,
  author = {Josh Dever},
  title = {Complex Demonstratives},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {271--330},
  topic = {demonstratives;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ devidi-solomon:1999a,
  author = {David De{V}idi and Graham Solomon},
  title = {Tarski on ``Essentially Richer'' Metalanguages},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--28},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;Tarski;Tarski-hierarchy;}  
  } 

@article{ deville-etal:1999a,
  author = {Yvres Deville and Olivier Barette and Pascal van
  	Hentenryck},
  title = {Constraint Satisfaction over Connected Row-Convex
  	Constraints},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {109},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {243--271},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@article{ devitt:1975a,
  author = {Michael Devitt},
  title = {Suspension of Judgment: A Response to {H}eidelberger
  	on {K}aplan},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17--24},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@book{ devitt:1981a,
  author = {Michael Devitt},
  title = {Designation},
  publisher = {Columbia University Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0231051263},
  topic = {reference;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ devitt:1984a,
  author = {Michael Devitt},
  title = {Thoughts and Their Ascription},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {IX}:
  	Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {385--420},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@book{ devitt:1984b,
  author = {Michael Devitt},
  title = {Realism and Truth},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631135359},
  topic = {truth;philosophical-realism;}  
 } 

@incollection{ devitt:1987a,
  author = {Michael Devitt},
  title = {Putting Metaphysics First: A Response
    		to {J}ames {T}omberlin},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 12:
	Language, Mind, and Ontology},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {499--502},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@book{ devitt-sterelny:1987a,
  author = {Michael Devitt and Kim Sterelny},
  title = {Language and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of
    Language},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631150110},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ devitt-sterelny:1989a,
  author = {Michael Devitt and Kim Sterelny},
  title = {Linguistics: What's Wrong with `The Right View'\, } ,
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {497--531},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;psychological-reality;
  		functionalism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ devitt:1993a,
  author = {Michael Devitt},
  title = {A Critique of the Case for Semantic Holism},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {281--306},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  contentnote = {"... semantic, or meaning, holism is the doctrine
  	that all of the inferential properties of an expression
	constitute its meaning."},
  topic = {holism;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ devitt:1994a,
  author = {Michael Devitt},
  title = {The Methodology of Naturalistic Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {91},
  number = {10},
  pages = {545--572},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ devitt:1995a,
  author = {Michael Devitt},
  title = {Coming to Our Senses: A Naturalistic Program for Semantic
    Localism},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521495431 (hardback)},
  xref = {Critical review: richard:1997a.  Review: gert:1998a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ devitt:1997a,
  author = {Michael Devitt},
  title = {Meanings and Psychology: A Response to {M}ark {R}ichard},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {31},
  number = {1},
  pages = {115--131},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ devitt:1998a,
  author = {Michael Devitt},
  title = {Putting Metaphysics First: A Response
    		to {J}ames {T}omberlin},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {499--502},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@book{ devitt-sterelny:1999a,
  author = {Michael Devitt and Kim Sterelny},
  title = {Language and Reality: An Introduction to the
  	Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  edition = {2},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-54099-1},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ devlin-tail:1997a,
  author = {Siohan Devlin and John Tait},
  title = {The Use of a Psycholinguistic Database in the
  	Simplification of Text for Aphasic Readers},
  booktitle = {Linguistic Databases},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {John Nerbonne},
  pages = {161--174},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;text-simplification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dewitt:1973a,
  author = {B.S. DeWitt},
  title = {Quantum Mechanics and Reality},
  booktitle = {The Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {B.S. {de}Witt and N. Graham},
  pages = {155--165},
  address = {Princeton},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name.},
 topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;}  
  } 

@book{ dewitt-graham:1973a,
  author = {B.S. {de}Witt and N. Graham},
  title = {The Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1973},
  address = {Princeton},
  title = {Unsupervised Stratification of Cross-Validation for
  	Accuracy Estimation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {116},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--16},
  topic = {machine-learning;accuracy-estimation;}  
  } 

@book{ diamond-teichman:1979a,
  editor = {Cora Diamond and Jenny Teichman},
  title = {Intention and Intentionality: Essays in Honour of {G.E.M}.
  	{A}nscombe},
  publisher = {Harvester Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Brighton},
  ISBN = {0855279850},
  topic = {intention;intentionality;}  
 } 

@book{ diaper:1989a,
  editor = {Dan Diaper},
  title = {Task Analysis for Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Chichester},
  ISBN = {0470216069 (Halsted Press)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dichev:2001a,
  author = {Christo Dichev},
  title = {A Framework for a Context-Driven Web Resource Directory},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {433--436},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;information-retrieval;}  
  } 

@article{ dickason:1976a,
  author = {Anne Dickason},
  title = {Aristotle, the Sea Fight, and The Cloud},
  journal = {Journal of the History of Philosophy},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {11--22},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ dickmanns:1998a,
  author = {Ernst D. Dickmanns},
  title = {Vehicles Capable of Dynamic Vision:  A New Breed
  	of Technical Beings?},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {49--76},
  topic = {autonomous-vehicles;computer-vision;}  
  } 

@article{ dickson:1999a,
  author = {Michael Dickson},
  title = {Review of {\it Interpreting the Quantum World}, by
  	{J}effrey {B}ub},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {66},
  number = {3},
  pages = {495--496},
  xref = {Review of bub:1997a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-quantum-mechanics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ diday:1991a,
  author = {E Diday},
  title = {From Data Analysis to Uncertainty Knowledge Analysis},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {153--160},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;possibility-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dierbach-chester:1991a,
  author = {Charles Dierbach and Daniel L. Chester},
  title = {A Formal Basis for Analogical Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {139--150},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;analogy;abstraction;kr-course;analogical-reasoning;;}  
  } 

@article{ dierbach-chester:1997a,
  author = {Charles Dierbach and Daniel L. Chester},
  title = {Abstractional Concept Mapping: A Foundational Model for
  	Analogical Reasoning},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {32--86},
  topic = {analogy;metaphor;pragmatics;analogical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ diesing:1992a,
  author = {Molly Diesing},
  title = {Indefinites},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {indefiniteness;nl-quantifiers;nl-quantifier-scope;}  
 } 

@article{ diesing-jelinek:1995a,
  author = {Molly Diesing and Eloise Jelinek},
  title = {Double-Access Sentences and References to States},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {123--176},
  topic = {LF;nl-semantics;nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@article{ diesing:2000a,
  author = {Molly Diesing},
  title = {Aspect in {Y}iddish: The Semantics of an Inflectional Head},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {173--253},
  topic = {tense-aspect;Yiddish-language;}  
  } 

@book{ diesling:1992a,
  author = {Molly Diesling},
  title = {Indefinites},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-semantics;indefiniteness;GB-syntax;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dietrich-fields:1996a,
  author = {Eric Dietrich and Chris Fields},
  title = {The Role of the Frame Problem in {F}odor's Modularity
  	Thesis: A Case Study of Rationalist Cognitive Science},
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem
             in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn},
  pages = {9--24},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {frame-problem;cognitive-modularity;philosophy-of-cogsci;}  
  } 

@article{ dietterich-michalski:1981a,
  author = {Thomas G.  Dietterich and Ryszard S. Michalski},
  title = {Inductive Learning of Structural Descriptions: Evaluation
  	Criteria and Comparative Review of Selected Methods},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  pages = {257--294},
  topic = {machine-learning;structure-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ dietterich-michalski:1985a,
  author = {Thomas G.  Dietterich and Ryszard S. Michalski},
  title = {Discovering Patterns in Sequences of Events},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {187--232},
  topic = {machine-learning;structure-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ dietterich-etal:1997a,
  author = {Thomas G. Dietterich and Richard H. Lathrop and Tom\'as
  	Lozano-P\'erez},
  title = {Solving the Multiple Instance Problem with Axis-Parallel
  	Rectangles},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {89},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {31--71},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The multiple instance problem arises in tasks where the training
     examples are ambiguous: a single example object may have many
     alternative feature vectors (instances) that describe it, and
     yet only one of those feature vectors may be responsible for the
     observed classification of the object.  This paper describes and
     compares three kinds of algorithms that learn axis-parallel
     rectangles to solve the multiple instance problem. Algorithms
     that ignore the multiple instance problem perform very poorly.
     An algorithm that directly confronts the multiple instance
     problem (by attempting to identify which feature vectors are
     responsible for the observed classifications) performs best,
     giving 89% correct predictions on a musk odor prediction task.
     The paper also illustrates the use of artificial data to debug
     and compare these algorithms. } ,
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ dietterich:1998a,
  author = {Thomas G. Dietterich},
  title = {Machine-Learning Research: Four Current Directions},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {97--136},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dieugenio-webber:1992a,
  author = {Barbara Di Eugenio and Bonnie Webber},
  title = {Plan Recognition in Understanding Instructions},
  booktitle = {First International Conference on Artificial
  	Intelligence Planning Systems},
  year = {1992},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages, organization, publisher, address},
  topic = {plan-recognition;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ dieugenio:1993a,
  author = {Barbara Di Eugenio},
  title = {Understanding Natural Language Instuctions: A Computational
  	Approach to Purpose Clauses},
  school = {Computer Science Department, University of Pennsylvania},
  year = {1993},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {plan-recognition;nl-interpretation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dieugenio:1994a,
  author = {Barbara Di Eugenio},
  title = {Action Representation for Interpreting Purpose Clauses in
  	Natural Language Instructions},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {158--169},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dieugenio:1997a,
  author = {Barbara Di Eugenio},
  title = {Centering in {I}talian},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {115--137},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;Italian-language;
  	centering;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ dieugenio-etal:1997a,
  author = {Barbara Di Eugenio and Pamela W. Jordan and Liina
  	Pylkk\"anen},
  title = {The {COCONUT} Manual},
  year = {1997},
  month = {September},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Intelligent Systems Program,
  	University of Pittsburgh},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;discourse;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dieugenio-etal:1997b,
  author = {Barbara Di Eugenio and Pamela W. Jordan and
  	Richmond H. Thomason and Johanna D. Moore},
  title = {Reconstructed Intentions in Collaborative Problem Solving
  	Dialogues},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative
		Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {36--42},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {David Traum},
  topic = {speech-acts;corpus-linguistics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dieugenio-etal:1997c,
  author = {Barbara Dieugenio and Johanna D. Moore and Massimo Paolucci},
  title = {Learning Features that Predict Cue Usage},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {80--87},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ dieugenio-etal:1998a,
  author = {Barbara Di Eugenio and Pamela W. Jordan and Johanna D. Moore
  	and Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {An Empirical Investigation of Collaborative Dialogues},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {325--329},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {discourse;collaborationn;}  
} 

@article{ dieugenio:2000a,
  author = {Barbara Di Eugenio},
  title = {Review of {\it Lexical Semantics and Knowledge
  	Representation in Multilingual Text Generation}, by {M}anfred
	{S}tede},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {270--273},
  xref = {stede:1999a.},
  topic = {nl-kr;lexical-semantics;computational-semantics;nl-generation;
  	multilingual-nlp;multilingual-lexicons;}  
  } 

@article{ diez:1996a,
  author = {F.J. Di\'ez},
  title = {Local Conditioning in {B}ayesian Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {87},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--20},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;conditioning-methods;}  
  } 

@article{ diez:2000a,
  author = {Gustavo Fern\'andez Diez},
  title = {Five Observations Concerning the Intended Meaning of
  	the Intuitionistic Logical Constants},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {4},
  pages = {409--424},
  topic = {foundations-of-intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ diffie-hellman:1976a,
  author = {W. Diffie and M.E. Hellman},
  title = {New Directions in Cryptography},
  journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Information Theory},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {22},
  number = {5},
  pages = {644--654},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {cryptography;}  
  } 

@article{ dignum-etal:1996a,
  author = {Frank Dignum and John-Jules Ch. Meyer and Roel Wieringa},
  title = {Free Choice and Contextually Permitted Actions},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {57},
  number = {1},
  pages = {193--220},
  topic = {deontic-logic;permission;nondeterministic-action;}  
  } 

@book{ dijstra-scholten:1990a,
  author = {E.W. Dijstra and C.S Scholten},
  title = {Predicate Calculus and Program Semantics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {semantics-of-programming-languages;}  
 } 

@article{ dillenburg-nelson:1994a,
  author = {John F. Dillenburg and Peter C. Nelson},
  title = {Perimeter Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {65},
  number = {1},
  pages = {165--178},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A technique for improving heuristic search efficiency is
     presented. This admissible technique is referred to as perimeter
     search since it relies on a perimeter of nodes around the goal.
     The perimeter search technique works as follows: First, the
     perimeter is generated by a breadth-first search from the goal
     to all nodes at a given depth d. The path back to the goal along
     with each perimeter node's state descriptor are stored in a
     table.  The search then proceeds normally from the start state.
     During each node generation, however, the current node is
     compared to each node on the perimeter.  If a match is found,
     the search can terminate with the path being formed with the
     path from the start to the perimeter node together with the
     previously stored path from the perimeter node to the goal.
     Both analytical and experimental results are presented to show
     that perimeter search is more efficient than IDA* and A* in
     terms of time complexity and number of nodes expanded for two
     problem domains. } ,
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@book{ dilley:1999a,
  editor = {Roy Dilley},
  title = {Sixth Workshop in Social Anthropology},
  publisher = {Berghahn Books},
  year = {1999},
  ISBN = {1-57181-700-X},
  missinginfo = {address},
  topic = {context;cultural-anthropology;}  
 } 

@book{ dilman:1999a,
  author = {Ilham Dilman},
  title = {Free Will: An Historical and Philosophical Introduction},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1999},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0 415 20055 4(Hb), 0 415 20056 3 (Pb)},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ dimaio-zanardo:1995a,
  author = {Maria Di Maio and Alberto Zanardo},
  title = {Synchronized Histories in {P}rior-{T}homason
  	Representation of Branching Time},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {branching-time;}  
  } 

@techreport{ dimaio-zanardo:1996a1,
  author = {Maria Di Maio and Alberto Zanardo},
  title = {A {G}abbay-Rule Free Axiomatization of $T\times W$ Validity},
  institution = {Universit\'a degli Studia di Padova},
  number = {27},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Padova},
  xref = {Journal Publication: dimaio-zanardo:1998a.},
  topic = {branching-time;completeness-theorems;tmix-project;}  
  } 

@article{ dimaio-zanardo:1996a2,
  author = {Maria Concetta Di Maio and Alberto Zanardo},
  title = {A {G}abbay-Rule Free Axiomatization of $T{\times}W$ Validity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {5},
  pages = {435--487},
  xref = {Tech Report: dimaio-zanardo:1996a1.},
  topic = {branching-time;completeness-theorems;tmix-project;
  	temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dimitriades:1999a,
  author = {Alexis Dimitriades},
  title = {Reciprocal Interpretation with Functional
		Pronouns},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {96--102},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {reciprical-constructions;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dimitrova-etal:1998a,
  author = {Ludmila Dimitrova and Tomaz Erjavec and Nancy Ide and
  	Heiki Jaan Kaalep and Vladimir Petkevic and Dan Tufis},
  title = {Multext-East: Parallel and Comparable Corpora and Lexicons
  	for Six Central and Eastern European Languages},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {315--319},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;}  
} 

@unpublished{ dimopoulos-magirou:1991a,
  author = {Yannis Dimopoulos and Vanegis Magirou},
  title = {A Graph Theoretic Approach to Default Logic},
  year = {1991},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Informatics, Athens
	University of Economics and Business},
 topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;inheritance-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dimopoulos:1994a,
  author = {Yannis Dimopoulos},
  title = {The Computational Value of Joint Consistency},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce},
  pages = {50},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {default-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dimopoulos-etal:2000a,
  author = {Yannis Dimopoulos and Bernhard Nebel and Francesca Toni},
  title = {Finding Admissible and Preferred Arguments Can Be Very Hard},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {53--61},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;
  	complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ dinaso:2002a,
  author = {Mauro Di Naso},
  title = {An Axiomatic Presentation of the Nonstandard Methods in 
  	Mathematics},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {315--325},
  topic = {nonstandard-set-theory;} 
  } 

@book{ dingwall_wo:1971a,
  editor = {William Orr Dingwall},
  title = {A Survey of Linguistic Science},
  publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of
		Maryland.},
  year = {1971},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  contentnote = {TC:
		1. Chu-Wu Kim, "Experimental Phonetics"
		2. Harry A. Whitaker, "Neurolinguistics"
		3. Philip B. Gough, "Experimental Psycholinguistics"
		4. Dan I. Slobin, "Developmental Psycholinguistics"
		5. William Labov, "Methodology"
		6. Theodore Lightner, "Generative Phonology"
		7. Paul Kiparsky, "Historical Linguistics"
		8. Barbara Hall Partee, "Linguistics Metatheory"
		9. Robert E. Wall, "Mathematical Linguistics"
	   10. Joyce Friedman, "Computational Linguistics"
	   11. William Orr Dingwall, "Linguistics as Psychology"
	},
  topic = {linguistic-theory-survey;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dingwall_wo:1971b,
  author = {William Orr Dingwall},
  title = {Linguistics as Psychology},
  booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science},
  publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of
		Maryland.},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {William Orr Dingwall},
  pages = {758--802},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dini-etal:1998a,
  author = {Luca Dini and Vittorio Di Tomaso and Fr\'ed\'erique Segond},
  title = {Error Driven Word Sense Disambiguation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {320--321},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;machine-learning;}  
} 

@incollection{ dinola-etal:1991a,
  author = {Antonio di Nola and Witold Pedrycz and Salvatore Sessa},
  title = {Difference Fuzzy Relation Equations:  Studies in Dynamical
  	Systems},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {161--165},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {fuzzy-logic;dynamic-systems;}  
  } 

@book{ dinsmore:1981a,
  author = {John D. Dinsmore},
  title = {The Inheritance of Presuppositions},
  publisher = {John Benjamin},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ dinsmore:1981b,
  author = {John D. Dinsmore},
  title = {Pragmatics, Formal Theory, and the Analysis of
		Presupposition},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ dinsmore:1991a,
  author = {John Dinsmore},
  title = {Partitioned Representations: A Study in Mental Representation,
    Language Understanding, and Linguistic Structure},
  Publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792313488},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;psycholinguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ dinsmore:1992a,
  editor = {John Dinsmore},
  title = {Symbolic and Connectionist Paradigms: Closing the Gap},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {080581079X},
  topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ dionne:1992a,
  author = {Bob Dionne},
  title = {Structural Subsumption as a Basis for Intensional Semantics},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {27--30},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;algebraic-semantics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ dionne-etal:1992a,
  author = {Robert Dionne and Eric Mays and Frank J. Oles},
  title = {Disjunctive Concept Algebras},
  institution = {{IBM}},
  number = {RC 18458},
  year = {1992},
  contentnote = {An abstact, algebraic semantics for description
  	logics.  See brink-schmidt:1992a.},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;algebraic-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dionne-etal:1992b,
  author = {Robert Dionne and Eric Mays and Frank J. Oles},
  title = {A Non-Well-Founded Approach to Terminological Cycles},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
  pages = {761--766},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;classifier-algorithms;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dionne-etal:1993a,
  author = {Robert Dionne and Eric Mays and Frank J. Oles},
  title = {The Equivalence of Model-Theoretic and Structural
  	Subsumption in Description Logics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {710--716},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  contentnote = {Proves a result about an abstact, algebraic semantics
  	for description logics.  See dionne-etal:1992a,
	brink-schmidt:1992a.},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;algebraic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ dipriso:2002a,
  author = {Carlos Augusto Di Priso},
  title = {Review of First and Second Editions of {\it Computable
  	Functions, Logic, and the Foundations of Mathematics}, by 
	{R}ichard {L}. {E}pstein and {W}alter {A}. {C}arnielli},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {101--104},
  xref = {Review of: epstein_rl-carnielli:1989a, epstein_rl-carnielli:2000a.},
  topic = {computability;goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;} 
  } 

@incollection{ disciullo:1992a,
  author = {Anna-Maria Di Sciullo},
  title = {Deverbal Compounds and the External Argument},
  booktitle = {Thematic Structure: Its Role in Grammar},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Iggy M. Roca},
  pages = {65--78},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {thematic-roles;argument-structure;derivational-morphology;}  
  } 

@book{ disciullo:1997a,
  editor = {Anna-Maria di Sciullo},
  title = {Projections and Interface Conditions: Essays on Modularity},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0195104145},
  topic = {cognitive-modularity;}  
 } 

@incollection{ disciullo:1999a,
  author = {Anna-Maria Di Sciullo},
  title = {Formal Context and Morphological
            Analysis},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {105--118},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;morphology;}  
  } 

@book{ dittmar:1976a,
  author = {Norbert Dittmar},
  title = {Sociolinguistics: A Critical Survey of Theory and
  	Application},
  publisher = {Edward Arnold},
  year = {1976},
  address = {London},
  note = {translated from the German by Peter Sand.},
  topic = {sociolinguistics;discourse-analysis;}  
 } 

@book{ dittmar:1976b,
  author = {Norbert Dittmar},
  title = {Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of
                   Language and Society},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {sociolinguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ divay-vitale:1997a,
 author = {Michel Divay and Anthony J. Vitale},
 title = {Algorithms for Grapheme-Phoneme Translation for {E}nglish
		and {F}rench: Applications},
 journal = {Computational Linguistics},
 year = {1997},
 volume = {23},
 number = {4},
 pages = {495--523},
 topic = {grapheme-phoneme-translation;}  
 } 

@article{ divers:1999a,
  author = {John Divers},
  title = {A Modal Fictionalist Result},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  number = {3},
  pages = {317--346},
  topic = {philosophy-of-possible-worlds;}  
  } 

@book{ dix_a:1993a,
  author = {Alan Dix},
  title = {Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0134372115 (pbk.)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ dix_a:1998a,
  author = {Alan Dix},
  title = {Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall Europe},
  edition = {2},
  year = {1998},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0132398648},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dix_j:1991a,
  author = {J\"urgen Dix},
  title = {Cumulativity and Rationality in Semantics of Normal Logic
  	Programs},
  booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt},
  pages = {13--37},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;logic-programming;cumulativity;}  
  } 

@book{ dix_j-etal:1991a,
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt},
  title = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name},
  contentnote = {TC:
      1.  Gerhard Brewka and David C. Makinson and Karl Schlechta,
          Cumulative Inference Relations for JTMS and
          Logic Programming
      2.  J\"urgen Dix, Cumulativity and Rationality in Semantics of
          Normal Logic Programs
      3.  Heinich Herre, Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Logic Programs
      4.  Michael Freund, Supracompact Inference Operations
      5.  Gerhard J\"ager, Notions of Nonmonotonic Derivability
      6.  Wiktor Marek and Grigori F. Schwartz and Miroslaw
          Truszczynski, Ranges of Strong Modal Nonmonotonic Logics
      7.  Helmut Thiele, On Generation of Cumulative Inference
          Operators by Default Deduction Rules
      8.  Emil Weydert, Qualitative Magnitude Reasoning: Towards a
          New Syntax and Semantics for Default Reasoning
      9.  Klaus P. Jantke, Monotonic and Nonmonotonic Inductive
          Inference of Functions and Patterns
      10. Steffen Lange, A Note on Polynomial-Time Inference of
          $k$-Variable Pattern Languages
      11. Rolf Wiehagen, A Thesis in Inductive Inference
      12. Thomas Zeugmann, Inductive Inference of Optimal Programs:
          Survey and Open Problems
      13. J\"urgen Kalinski, Autoepistemic Expansions with Incomplete
          Belief Introspection
          } ,
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logics;induction;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dix_j:1992a,
  author = {J\"urgen Dix},
  title = {A Framework for Representing and Characterizing Semantics
  	of Logic Programs},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {591--602},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;logic-programming;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ dix_j-makinson:1992a,
  author = {J\"urgen Dix and David C. Makinson},
  title = {The Relationship Between {KLM} and {MAK} Models for
  	Nonmonotonic Inference Operations},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {131--140},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;}  
  } 

@article{ dix_j:1995a,
  author = {J\"urgen Dix},
  title = {A Classification Theory of Semantics of Normal Logic
		Programs {I}: Strong Properties},
  journal = {Fundamenta Mathematicae},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {227--255},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ dix_j:1995b,
  author = {J\"urgen Dix},
  title = {A Classification Theory of Semantics of Normal Logic
		Programs {II}: Weak Properties},
  journal = {Fundamenta Mathematicae},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {257--288},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@book{ dix_j-etal:1995a,
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Teodor Przymusinski},
  title = {Non-Monotonic Extensions of Logic Programming},
  year = {1993},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540564543},
  topic = {logic-programming;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dix_j:1996a,
  author = {J\"urgen Dix},
  title = {Semantics of Logic Programs: Their Intuitions and Formal
  	Properties, An Overview},
  booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in
  	Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott},
  pages = {241--327},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-programming;fixpoints;semantics-of-programming-languages;}  
  } 

@book{ dix_j-etal:1998a,
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Teodor C.
  	Przymusinski},
  title = {Logic Programming and Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540649581 (softcover)},
  topic = {logic-programming;kr;}  
 } 

@book{ dix_j-etal:1998b,
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Ulrich
  	Furbach},
  title = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence European Workshop,
  	{JELIA}'98, Dagstuhl, Germany, October 12-15, 1998},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-540-65141-1 (Softcover)},
  contentnote = {Blurb:
     The 25 revised full papers presented were carefully selected
     from a total of 65 submissions. Also included are two abstracts
     of invited talks. The papers are organized in topical sections
     on logic programming, epistemic logics, theorem proving,
     non-monotonic reasoning, non-standard logics, knowledge
     representation, and higher order logics.  } ,
  topic = {logics-in-AI;}  
 } 

@article{ dix_j-etal:2001a,
  author = {J\urgen Dix and Sarit Kraus and V.S. Subrahmanian},
  title = {Temporal Agent Programs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {127},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--135},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;logic-programming;
  	agent-oriented-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ dixon_c-etal:2002a,
  author = {Clare Dixon and Michael Fisher and Alexander Bolotov},
  title = {Clausal Resolution in a Logic of Rational Agency},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {139},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--89},
  topic = {branching-time;epistemic-logic;theorem-proving;} 
  } 

@incollection{ dixon_rmw:1971a,
  author = {R.M.W. Dixon},
  title = {A Method of Semantic Description},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {436--471},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {Australian-languages;lexical-semantics;structural-semantics;} 
  } 

@techreport{ dixon_s-foo:1992a,
  author = {Simon Dixon and Norman Y. Foo},
  title = {Encoding the {ATMS} in {AGM} Logic (Revised)},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Sydney},
  number = {441},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Sydney},
  topic = {belief-revision;truth-maintenance;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ dixon_s-foo:1993a,
  author = {Simon Dixon and Norman Foo},
  title = {Connections between the {ATMS} and {AGM} Belief Revision},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {534--539},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ djukic:2001a,
  author = {George Djukic},
  title = {Review of {\it The Limits of Mathematics: A Course on Information
  	Theory and the Limits of Reasoning}, by {G}regory {J}. {C}haitin},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {68},
  number = {3},
  pages = {407--410},
  xref = {Review of: chaitin:1998a.},
  topic = {algorithmic-information-theory;algorithmic-complexity;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ doannguyen:1998a,
  author = {Hai Doan-Nguyen},
  title = {Accumulation of Lexical Sets: Acquisition of Dictionary
  	Resources and Production of New Lexical Sets},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {330--335},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;automated-lexical-acquisition;}  
} 

@book{ doedens:1994a,
  author = {Crist-Jan Doedens},
  title = {Text Databases: One Database Model
  	and Several Retrieval Languages},
  publisher = {Editions Rodopi},
  year = {1994},
  missinginfo = {address},
  ISBN = {90-5183-729-1},
  xref = {Review: ide:1998a},
  topic = {textual-databases;}  
 } 

@article{ doering:1997a,
  author = {Frank D\"oring},
  title = {The {R}amsey Test and Conditional Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {4},
  pages = {359--376},
  topic = {CCCP;conditionals;probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ doetjes-honcoop:1997a,
  author = {Jenny Doetjes and Martin Honcoop},
  title = {The Semantics of Event-Based Readings: A Case for
  	Pair-Quantification},
  booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  pages = {263--310},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;events;Aktionsarten;measures;}  
  } 

@book{ doets:1996a,
  author = {Kees Doets},
  title = {Basic Model Theory},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {1-57586-049-X (hard cover), 1-57586-048-1 (paperback)},
  xref = {Review: blackburn_p:1999a},
  topic = {model-theory;logic-intro;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ doherty:1989a,
  author = {Patrick Doherty},
  title = {A Correspondence Between Inheritance Properties and a
  	Logic of Preferential Entailment},
  booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Zbigniew Ras},
  pages = {395--402},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;model-preference;}  
  } 

@book{ doherty:1996a,
  editor = {Patrick Doherty},
  title = {Partiality, Modality, and Nonmonotonicity},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {1-57586-030-9},
  xref = {Review: vaneijk:1999a},
  topic = {partial-logic;modal-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ doherty-etal:1998a,
  author = {Patrick Doherty and Witold {\L}ukasziewicz
		and Ewa Madali\'nska-Bugaj},
  title = {The {PMA} and Relativizing Change for Action Update},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {258--269},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;belief-revision;temporal-reasoning;action-formalisms;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ doherty-etal:2001a,
  author = {Patrick Doherty and Jonas Kvarnstr\"om},
  title = {{TAL}planner: A Temporal Logic-Based Planner},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--102},
  topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ doi-etal:1998a,
  author = {Shinichi Doi and Shin-ichiro Kamei and Kiyoshi Yamabana},
  title = {A Text Input Front-End Processor as an Information Access
  	Platform},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {336--340},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {computer-assisted-writing;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ dolev-strong:1982a,
  author = {D. Dolev and H.R. Strong},
  title = {Polynomial Algorithms for Multiple Processor Agreement},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual {ACM} Symposium on
  	Theory of Computing},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {401--407},
  organization = {{ACM}},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {distributed-systems;communication-protocols;polynomial-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ dolev-etal:1986a,
  author = {D. Dolev and Joseph Y. Halpern and H.R. Strong},
  title = {On the Possibility and Impossibility of Achieving
  	Clock Synchronization},
  journal = {Journal of Computer and System Sciences},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {32},
  number = {2},
  pages = {230--250},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {distributed-systems;synchronization;communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@article{ dolev-etal:1990a,
  author = {D. Dolev and R. Reischuk and H.R. Strong},
  title = {Early Stopping in {B}yzantine Agreement},
  journal = {Journal of the {ACM}},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {34},
  number = {7},
  pages = {720--741},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {distributed-systems;Byzantine-agreement;communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@book{ domolki-gergely:1981a,
  editor = {B. D\"om\"olki and T. Gergely},
  title = {Mathematical Logic in Computer Science},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444854401},
  topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ domotor:1972a,
  author = {Zoltan Domotor},
  title = {Causal Models and Space-Time Geometries},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--57},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {causality;philosophy-of-space;philosophy-of-physics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ domschlak-brafman:2002a,
  author = {Carmel Domschlak and Ronen I. Brafman},
  title = {{CP}-Nets---Reasoning and Consistency Checking},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {121--132},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;CP-nets;preference-representation;complexity-in-AI;} 
  } 

@article{ donagan:1963a,
  author = {Alan Donagan},
  title = {Universals and Metaphysical Realism},
  journal = {The Monisr},
  volume = {47},
  year = {1963},
  pages = {211--246},
  topic = {philosophical-realism;metaphysics;}  
    } 

@article{ donagan:1984a,
  author = {Alan Donagan},
  title = {Consistency in Rationalist Moral Systems},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  volume = {81},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {291--309},
  topic = {ethics;moral-conflict;}  
    } 

@article{ donald:1987a,
  author = {Bruce R. Donald},
  title = {A Search Algorithm for Motion Planning with Six
  	Degrees of Freedom},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {31},
  number = {3},
  pages = {295--353},
  topic = {motion-planning;search;}  
  } 

@article{ donald:1988a,
  author = {Bruce R. Donald},
  title = {A Geometric Approach to Error Detection and Recovery
  	for Robot Motion Planning with Uncertainty},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {223--271},
  topic = {motion-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ donald:1995a,
  author = {Bruce R. Donald},
  title = {On Information Invariants in Robotics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {72},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {217--304},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We consider the problem of determining the information
     requirements to perform robot tasks, using the concept of
     information invariants.  This paper represents our attempt to
     characterize a family of complicated and subtle issues concerned
     with measuring robot task complexity.  We also provide a first
     approximation to a purely operational theory that addresses a
     narrow but interesting special case.  We discuss several measures
     for the information complexity of a task: (a) How much internal
     state should the robot retain? (b) How many cooperating agents
     are required, and how much communication between them is
     necessary?  (c) How can the robot change (side-effect) the
     environment in order to record state or sensory information to
     perform a task? (d) How much information is provided by sensors?
     and (e) How much computation is required by the robot?  We
     consider how one might develop a kind of ``calculus'' on (a)--e)
     in order to compare the power of sensor systems analytically.
     To this end, we attempt to develop a notion of information
     invariants.  We develop a theory whereby one sensor can be
     ``reduced'' to another (much in the spirit of
     computation-theoretic reductions), by adding, deleting, and
     reallocating (a-e) among collaborating autonomous agents.},
  topic = {robotics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dongha-castelfranchi:1995a,
  author = {Paul Dongha and Cristiano Castelfranchi},
  title = {Rationality in Commitment},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Michael Fehling},
  pages = {32--40},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {intention;}  
  } 

@incollection{ donghong-changning:1997a,
  author = {Ji Donghong and Huang Changning},
  title = {Word Sense Disambiguation
				Based on Structured Semantic Space},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {187--196},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;lexical-disambiguation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ donghong-etal:1998a,
  author = {Ji Donghong and He Jun and Huang Changning},
  title = {Learning New Compositions from Given Ones},
  booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {T. Mark Ellison},
  pages = {25--32},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;grammar-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ donini:1991a,
  author = {Francesco M. Donini and Maurizio Lenzerini and Daniele
  	Nardi and Werner Nutt},
  title = {The Complexity of Concept Languages},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {151--162},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  contentnote = {This is a useful survey paper on complexity issues
  	for taxonomic logics.},
  topic = {kr;kr-complexity-analysis;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ donini-etal:1992a,
  author = {Francesco M. Donini and Maurizio Lenzerini and Daniele Nardi and
  	Bernhard Hollunder and Werner Nutt and Alberto Spaccamela},
  title = {The Complexity of Existential Quantification in Concept
  	Languages},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {53},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {309--327},
  contentnote = {Adding unrestricted E to basic L without disjunction
  	results in NP-completeness.},
  topic = {kr-complexity-analysis;taxonomic-logics;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ donini-etal:1992b,
  author = {Francesco M. Donini and Maurizio Lenzerini and Daniele
  	Nardi and Andrea Schaerf},
  title = {Adding Epistemic Operators to Concept Languages},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {342--353},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;}  
  } 

@incollection{ donini-etal:1996a,
  author = {Francesco M. Donini and Maurizio Lenzerini and
	Daniele Nardi and Andrea Schaerf},
  title = {Reasoning in Description Logics},
  booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Gerhard Brewka},
  pages = {191--236},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ donini-etal:1996b,
  author = {Francesco M. Donini and Fabio Massacci and Daniele Nardi and
     	  Riccardo Rosati},
  title = {A Uniform Tableaux Method for Nonmonotonic Modal Logics},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop,
  	{Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3,
	1996.},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska},
  pages = {87--103},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {theorem-proving;nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic;
  	nonmonotonic-reasoning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ donini-etal:1998a,
  author = {Francesco M. Donini and Maurizio Lenzerini and
  	Daniele Nardi and Werner Nutt and Andrea Schaerf},
  title = {An Epistemic Operator for Description Logics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {100},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {225--274},
  topic = {extensions-of-kl1;epistemic-logic;
  	reasoning-about-knowledge;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ donini-massacchi:2000a,
  author = {Francesco M. Donini and Fabio Massacchi},
  title = {{\sc EXPtime} Tableaux for ${\cal ALC}$},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {124},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--138},
  topic = {modal-logic;taxonomic-logics;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ donnellan:1966a1,
  author = {Keith Donnellan},
  title = {Reference and Definite Descriptions},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {75},
  pages = {281--304},
  xref = {Republication: donnellan:1966a2.},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ donnellan:1971a,
  author = {Keith Donnellan},
  title = {Reference and Definite Descriptions},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {100--114},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Republication of: donnellan:1966a1.},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ donnellan:1972a,
  author = {Keith S. Donnellan},
  title = {Proper Names and Identifying Descriptions},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {356--379},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {proper-names;definite-descriptions;reference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ donnellan:1978a1,
  author = {Keith Donnellan},
  title = {Speaker Reference, Descriptions and Anaphora},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {47--68},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Republication: donnellan:1978a2.},
  topic = {referring-expressions;definite-descriptions;anaphora;
	philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ donnellan:1978a2,
  author = {Keith S. Donnellan},
  title = {Speaker Reference, Descriptions, and Anaphora},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {28--44},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  xref = {Republication of donnellan:1978a1.},
  topic = {referring-expressions;definite-descriptions;anaphora;
	philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;
	reference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ donnellan:1978b,
  author = {Keith S. Donnellan},
  title = {The Contingent {\it A Priori} and Rigid Designators},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {45--60},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {reference;a-priori;}  
  } 

@incollection{ donnellan:1981a,
  author = {Keith Donnellan},
  title = {Intuitions and Presuppositions},
  booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {129--142},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ donnellan:1993a,
  author = {Keith S. Donnellan},
  title = {There Is a Word for that Kind of
		Thing: An Investigation of Two Thought Experiments},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {155--171},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {twin-earth;philosophical-thought-experiments;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dorato:2000a,
  author = {Mauro Dorato},
  title = {Becoming and the Arrow of Causation},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S523--S534},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;temporal-direction;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ dordan:1992a,
  author = {Olivier Dordan},
  title = {Mathematical Problems Arising in Qualitative Simulation of
  	a Differential Equation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {55},
  number = {1},
  pages = {61--86},
  topic = {differential-equations;qualitative-simulation;}  
  } 

@article{ dore:1962a,
  author = {Clement Dore},
  title = {On the Meaning of `Could Have'\, } ,
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {41--43},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conditionals;ability;counterfactual-past;}  
  } 

@article{ dore:1963a,
  author = {Clement Dore},
  title = {More On the Meaning of `Could Have'\, } ,
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {41--43},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conditionals;ability;counterfactual-past;}  
  } 

@article{ dore:1963b,
  author = {Clement Dore},
  title = {Is Free Will Compatible With Determinism?},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {72},
  pages = {500--501},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {freedom;(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@article{ dorigo-colombetti:1994a,
  author = {Marco Dorigo and Marco Colombetti},
  title = {Robot Shaping: Developing Autonomous Agents through
  	Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {71},
  number = {2},
  pages = {321--370},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Learning plays a vital role in the development of autonomous
     agents. In this paper, we explore the use of reinforcement
     learning to ``shape'' a robot to perform a predefined target
     behavior.  We connect both simulated and real robots to ALECSYS,
     a parallel implementation of a learning classifier system with
     an extended genetic algorithm. After classifying different kinds
     of Animat-like behaviors, we explore the effects on learning of
     different types of agent's architecture and training strategies.
     We show that the best results are achieved when both the agent's
     architecture and the training strategy match the structure of
     the behavior pattern to be learned. We report the results of a
     number of experiments carried out both in simulated and in real
     environments, and show that the results of simulations carry
     smoothly to physical robots. While most of our experiments deal
     with simple reactive behavior, in one of them we demonstrate the
     use of a simple and general memory mechanism. As a whole, our
     experimental activity demonstrates that classifier systems with
     genetic algorithms can be practically employed to develop
     autonomous agents.},
  topic = {machine-learning;robotics;reinforcement-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ doring:1994a,
  author = {Frank D\"oring},
  title = {Probabilities of Conditionals and Conditional
  	Probabilities},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {103},
  pages = {689--700},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Correction: doring:1996a.},
  topic = {conditionals;probabilities;}  
  } 

@article{ doring:1996a,
  author = {Frank D\"oring},
  title = {On the Probabilities of Conditionals},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {105},
  number = {2},
  pages = {231},
  xref = {This is a correction to doring:1994a.},
  topic = {conditionals;probabilities;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ doring:1998a,
  author = {Frank D\"oring},
  title = {Why {B}ayesian Psychology Is Incomplete},
  booktitle = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed
	Papers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {379--389},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@article{ doring:2000a,
  author = {Frank D\"oring},
  title = {Conditional Probability and {D}utch Books},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {391--409},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;Dutch-book-argument;}  
  } 

@book{ dorn-weingartner:1985a,
  editor = {Georg Dorn and Paul Weingartner},
  title = {Foundations of Logic and Linguistics: Problems and
  	Solutions},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {logic-survey;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ dorna-etal:1998a,
  author = {Michael Dorna and Anette Frank and Josef {van Genabith} and
	Martin C. Emele},
  title = {Syntactic and Semantic Transfer with {F}-Structures},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Seventeenth
    International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {341--347},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {machine-translation;LFG;}  
} 

@article{ dorndorf-etal:2000a,
  author = {Ulrich Dorndorf and Erwin Pesch and To\`an Phan-Huy},
  title = {Constraint Propagation Techniques for the Disjunctive
  	Scheduling Problem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {122},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {189--240},
  topic = {constraint-propagation;scheduling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dornheim:1998a,
  author = {Christoph Dornheim},
  title = {Undecidability of Plane Polynomial Mereotopology},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {342--353},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;spatial-reasoning;compolexity-iun-AI;
  	undecidability;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ doron:1988a,
  author = {Edit Doron},
  title = {The Semantics of Predicate Nominals},
  journal = {Linguistics},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {281--301},
  topic = {nl-semantics;predicate-nominals;copula;itentity;predication;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ doron:1991a,
  author = {Edit Doron},
  title = {Point of View as a Factor of Content},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{I}},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner},
  pages = {51--64},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {context;direct-discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ doron:1999a,
  author = {Edit Doron},
  title = {The Semantics of Transitivity Alternations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {103--108},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {transitivity-alternations;combinatory-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ dorr:1993a,
  author = {Bonnie Jean Dorr},
  title = {Interlingual Machine Translation: a Parameterized Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {429--492},
  topic = {machine-translation;}  
  } 

@book{ dorr:1993b,
  author = {Bonnie Dorr},
  title = {Machine Translation: A View From the Lexicon},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {machine-translation;computational-lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ dorr-voss:1993a,
  author = {Bonnie Jean Dorr  and Clare R. Voss},
  title = {Machine Translation of Spatial Expressions: Defining the
  	Relation Between an Interlingua and a Knowledge
	Representation System},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert},
  pages = {374--379},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {nl-kr;machine-translation;computational-lexical-semantics;
  	spatial-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dorr:1995a,
  author = {Bonnie Jean Dorr},
  title = {A Lexical-Semantic Solution to the Divergence Problem in
  	Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {367--395},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-kr;machine-translation;computational-lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ dorr-etal:1995a,
  author = {Bonnie Jean Dorr and Dekang Lin and Jye-hoon Lee and
  	Sungki Suh},
  title = {Efficient Parsing for {K}orean and {E}nglish:
  	A Parameterized Message-Passing Approach},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {255--263},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;machine-translation;
  	government-binding-theory;machine-translation;
	Korean-language;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dorr-gaasterland:1995a,
  author = {Bonnie Jean Dorr and Terry Gaasterland},
  title = {Selecting Tense, Aspect, and Connecting Words in Language
  	Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1299--1305},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {nl-generation;tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dorr-olsen:1997a,
  author = {Bonnie Dorr and Broman Olsen},
  title = {Deriving Verbal and Compositional Lexical Aspect for
  	{NLP} Applications},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {151--158},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {tense-aspect;lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ dorr:2001a,
  author = {Bonnie Jean Dorr},
  title = {Review of {\it The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive
  	Sciences,} edited by {R}obert {A}. {W}ilson and {F}rank {C}. {K}eil},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {130},
  number = {2},
  pages = {183--184},
  xref = {Review of: wilson_ra-keil:1999a.},
  topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;
  	nl-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ dorre-etal:1994a,
  author = {Jochen D\"orre and Esther K\"onig and Dov Gabbay},
  title = {Fibred Semantics for Feature-Based Grammar Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {387--422},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;feature-structure-logic;unification;
  	fibred-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dorre:1996a,
  author = {Jochen D\"orre},
  title = {Parsing for Semidirectional {L}ambek Grammar is
  	{NP}-Complete},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {95--100},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;Lambek-calculus;parsing-algorithms;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ dorre:1997a,
  author = {Jochen D\"orre},
  title = {Efficient Construction of Underspecified Semantics
  	under Massive Ambiguity},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {386--393},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {semantic-underspecification;}  
 } 

@article{ dosen:1981a,
  author = {Kosta Do\v{s}en},
  title = {A Reduction of Classical Propositional Logic to the
  	Conjunction Negation Fragment of an Intuitionistic
	Relevant Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {399--408},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ dosen:1992a,
  author = {Kosta Do\v{s}en},
  title = {Modal Logic as Metalogic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {173--201},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ dosen:1992b,
  author = {Kosta Do\v{s}en},
  title = {The First Axiomatization of Relevant Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {339--356},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ dosen:1992c,
  author = {Kosta Do\v{s}en},
  title = {Modal Translations in Substructural Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {283--336},
  topic = {substructural-logics;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dosen:1993b,
  author = {Kosta Do\v{s}en},
  title = {Modal Translations in {\bf K} and {\bf D}},
  booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  editor = {Maarten de Rijke},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {103--127},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {modal-logic;deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ dosen:1994a,
  author = {Kosta Disen},
  title = {Substructural Logics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  series = {Studies in Logic and Computation},
  number = {2},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {019853778},
  topic = {substructural-logics;}  
 } 

@article{ dosen:1996a,
  author = {Kosta Dosen},
  title = {Deductive Completeness},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {243--283},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ dosen:2001a,
  author = {Kosta Do\V{s}en},
  title = {Review of {\it An Introduction to Substructural Logics},
  	by {G}reg {R}estall},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {527--530},
  xref = {Review of: restall:2000a},
  topic = {substructural-logics;linear-logic;proof-theory;} 
  } 

@article{ dosen-petric:2002a,
  author = {Kosta Do\v{s}en and Zoran Petri\'c},
  title = {Bicartesian Coherence},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {71},
  number = {3},
  pages = {331--353},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;categorial-grammar;} 
  } 

@book{ double:1991a,
  author = {Richard Double},
  title = {The Non-Reality of Free Will},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: ravizza:1993a},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
 } 

@article{ dougherty:1969a,
  author = {Ray C. Dougherty},
  title = {An Interpretive Theory of Pronominal Reference},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {488--519},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ dougherty:1973a,
  author = {Ray C. Dougherty},
  title = {A Survey of Linguistic Methods and Arguments},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {423--490},
  topic = {generative-semantics;} 
  } 

@article{ dougherty:1974a,
  author = {Ray C. Dougherty},
  title = {The Syntax and Semantics of `Each Other' Constructions},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {1--47},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {reciprical-constructions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dougherty:1974b,
  author = {Ray C. Dougherty},
  title = {What Explanation Is and Isn't},
  booktitle = {Explaining Linguistic Phenomena},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {David Cohen},
  pages = {125--151},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology;
  	explanation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dougherty_rc:1976a,
  author = {Ray C. Dougherty},
  title = {Argument Invention: The Linguist's
		`Feel' for Science},
  booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Jessica R. Wirth},
  pages = {111--165},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ dougherty_rc:1995a,
  author = {Ray C. Dougherty},
  title = {Natural Language Computing},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-linguistics;PROLOG;}  
 } 

@article{ douglas:1990a,
  author = {M. Douglas},
  title = {Risk as a Forensic Resource},
  journal = {Daedalus},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {119},
  pages = {1--16},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {risk;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ douven:1998a,
  author = {Igor Douven},
  title = {Inference to the Best Explanation Made Coherent},
  booktitle = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed
	Papers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {424--435},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {explanation;abduction;}  
  } 

@article{ douven:1999a,
  author = {Igor Douven},
  title = {Putnam's Model-Theoretic Argument Reconstructed},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {9},
  pages = {479--490},
  topic = {philosophical-realism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dow-ribierodacostawerlang:1992a,
  author = {James Dow and S\'ergio {Ribiero da Costa Werlang}},
  title = {The Ex Ante Non-Optimality of the {D}empster-{S}chafer
  	Updating Rule for Ambiguous Beliefs},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {163--166},
  address = {San Francisco},
  note = {A commentary on \cite{gilboa-schmeidler:1992a}.},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@article{ dowden:1984a,
  author = {Bradley H. Dowden},
  title = {Accepting Inconsistencies from Paradoxes},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {125--130},
  topic = {paraconsistency;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ dowe:1998a,
  author = {Phil Dowe},
  title = {Review of {\it The Facts of Causation}, by {D}.{H}.
  	{M}ellor},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {65},
  number = {1},
  pages = {162--130},
  xref = {Review of: mellor_dh:1995a.},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@article{ downing_p:1977a,
  author = {Pamela Downing},
  title = {On the Creation and Use of {E}nglish Compound Nouns},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {53},
  number = {4},
  pages = {810--842},
  topic = {compound-nouns;}  
  } 

@article{ downing_pb:1959a,
  author = {P.B. Downing},
  title = {Subjunctive Conditionals, Time Order, and Causation},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society, New Series},
  year = {1959},
  volume = {59},
  pages = {125--140},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  title = {Studies in the Logic of Verb Aspect and Time
		Reference in {E}nglish},
  institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of Texas},
  year = {1972},
  address = {Austin, Texas},
  topic = {nl-tense;tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dowty:1972b,
  author = {David Dowty},
  title = {Temporally Restrictive Adjectives},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {John Kimball},
  pages = {51--53},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {adjectives;adverbs;nl-tense;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dowty:1976a,
  author = {David R. Dowty},
  title = {Montague Grammar and the Lexical Decomposition of
  	        Causative Verbs},
  booktitle = {Montague Grammar},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Barbara H. Partee},
  pages = {201--245},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ dowty:1977a,
  author = {David R. Dowty},
  title = {Toward a Semantic Analysis of Verb Aspect and the
  	{E}nglish `Imperfective' Progressive},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {45--77},
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;progressive;imperfective-paradox;}
  	} 

@unpublished{ dowty:1978a,
  author = {David R. Dowty},
  title = {Dative `Movement' and {T}homason's Extensions of
		{M}ontague Grammar},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Ohio State University.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ dowty:1978b,
  author = {David R. Dowty},
  title = {Addendum to `Dative Movement and {T}homason's Extensions of
		{M}ontague Grammar'\, } ,
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Ohio State University.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ dowty:1978c,
  author = {David R. Dowty},
  title = {Governed Transformations as Lexical Rules in {M}ontague
  	Grammar},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;meaning-postulates;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ dowty:1979a,
  author = {David R. Dowty},
  title = {Word Meaning in {M}ontague Grammar},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Dordrecht, Holland},
  topic = {nl-semantics;montague-grammar;lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ dowty:1981a,
  author = {David R. Dowty},
  title = {Grammatical Relations and {M}ontague Grammar},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Ohio State University.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;grammatical-relations;meaning-postulates;}  
  } 

@book{ dowty-etal:1981a,
  author = {David R. Dowty and Robert Wall and Stanley Peters},
  title = {Introduction to {M}ontague Semantics},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {902771142-9},
  topic = {nl-semantics;montague-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ dowty:1982a,
  author = {David R. Dowty},
  title = {Tenses, Time Adverbs, and Compositional Semantic Theory},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {23--55},
  topic = {nl-tense;nl-semantics;temporal-adverbials;
  	semantic-compositionality;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ dowty:1983a,
  author = {David Dowty},
  title = {On Recent Treatments of the Semantics of Control},
  year = {1983},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, The Ohio State
  	University.},
  topic = {syntactic-control;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dowty:1985a,
  author = {David Dowty},
  title = {Type Raising, Functional Composition, and Non-Constituent
  	Conjunction},
  booktitle = {Categorial Grammars and Natural Language Structures},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;nl-semantic-types;coordination;}  
  } 

@article{ dowty:1985b,
  author = {David R. Dowty},
  title = {On Recent Analyses of the Semantics of Control},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {291--331},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-semantics;syntactic-control;}  
  } 

@book{ dowty-etal:1985a,
  editor = {David R. Dowty and Lauri Karttunen and Arnold M. Zwicky},
  title = {Natural Language Parsing: Psychological, Computational, And
    Theoretical Perspectives},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, ENgland},
  ISBN = {0521262038},
  topic = {parsing-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ dowty:1986a,
  author = {David R. Dowty},
  title = {Preface},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--3},
  note = {To a special volume on tense and aspect in discourse.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;events;tense-aspect;Aktionsarten;} 
  } 

@article{ dowty:1986b,
  author = {David R. Dowty},
  title = {The Effects of Aspectual Class on the Temporal
		Structure of Discourse: Semantics or Pragmatics?},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {37--62},
  topic = {Aktionsarten;nl-semantics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dowty:1988a,
  author = {David Dowty},
  title = {On the Semantic Content of the Notion of `Thematic Role'\,},
  booktitle = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vol. 2},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  pages = {69--129},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {thematic-roles;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ dowty:1989a,
  author = {David R. Dowty},
  title = {Toward a Minimalist Theory of Syntactic Structure},
  year = {1989},
  month = {January},
  note = {Unpublished MS, Linguistics Department, The Ohio State
  	University.},
  contentnote = {Tries to assume for syntactic purposes a minimum of
  	constituent structure.},
  topic = {foundations-of-syntax;constituent-structure;}  
  } 

@article{ dowty:1991a,
  author = {David Dowty},
  title = {Thematic Proto-Roles and Argument Selection},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {547--619},
  topic = {thematic-roles;argument-structure;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dowty:1994a,
  author = {David Dowty},
  title = {The Role of Negative Polarity and Concord Marking
		in Natural Language Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{IV}},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann},
  pages = {114--144},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-agreement;polarity;parsing-as-deduction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ doyle_j:1979a1,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Reason Maintenance and Belief Revision},
  booktitle = {Readings in Uncertain Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Glenn Shafer and Judea Pearl},
  pages = {259--279},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ doyle_j:1979b1,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {A Truth Maintenance System},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {231--272},
  xref = {Republications: doyle_j:1979b2,doyle_j:1979b3.},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@incollection{ doyle_j:1979b2,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {A Truth Maintenance System},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {496--516},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: doyle_j:1979b1.},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@incollection{ doyle_j:1979b3,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {A Truth Maintenance System},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {259--279},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: doyle_j:1979b1.},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@techreport{ doyle_j:1980a,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {A Model for Deliberation, Action, and Introspection},
  institution = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory},
  number = {AI TR 581},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ doyle_j:1982a,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {What is {C}hurch's Thesis?  An Outline},
  year = {1982},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.},
  topic = {Church's-thesis;}  
  } 

@techreport{ doyle_j:1982b,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {The Foundations of Psychology},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
  	University},
  number = {Technical Report No. CMU-CS-82-149.},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213},
  topic = {foundations-of-psychology;}  
  } 

@techreport{ doyle_j:1983a,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Some Theories of Reasoned Assumptions},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
  	University},
  number = {CMU-CS-83-125},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;foundations-of-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ doyle_j:1983b,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {The Ins and Outs of Reason Maintenance},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {349--351},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ doyle_j:1983c,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Methodological Simplicity in Expert System Construction},
  year = {1983},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.},
  topic = {expert-systems;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@techreport{ doyle_j:1983d1,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {A Society of Mind},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
  	University},
  number = {Technical Report No. CMU-CS-83-127.},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213},
  xref = {Conference publication doyle_j:1983d1.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;foundations-of-reasoning;agent-arctitectures;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ doyle_j:1983d2,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {A Society of Mind---Multiple Perspectives, Reasoned
		Assumptions, and Virtual Copies},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf},
  pages = {309--313},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  xref = {Techreport doyle_j:1983d1.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;foundations-of-reasoning;agent-arctitectures;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ doyle_j:1984a,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Reasoned Assumptions and {P}areto Optimality},
  year = {1984},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;foundations-of-reasoning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ doyle_j:1984b,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Expert Systems without Computers},
  year = {1984},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.},
  topic = {expert-systems;AI-methodology;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ doyle_j:1986a,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Bounded Rationality and Rational Self-Government},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University},
  topic = {limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ doyle_j:1986b,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Considered Actions, Reliable Reasoning, and Rational
		Self-Government},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University},
  topic = {limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ doyle_j:1986c,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Logic, Rationality, and Rational Psychology},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University},
  topic = {AI-methodology;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ doyle_j:1987a,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and Rational Self-Government},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University},
  topic = {limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@article{ doyle_j:1987b,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Logic, Rationality and Rational Psychology},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {175--176},
  xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ doyle_j:1988a,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Knowledge, Representation, and Rational Self-Government},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {345--354},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {rationality;nonmonotonic-reasoning;decision-theory;}  
  } 

@techreport{ doyle_j:1988b,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Implicit Knowledge and Rational Representation},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
  	University},
  number = {Technical Report No. CMU-CS-88-134.},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213},
  topic = {knowledge;epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@techreport{ doyle_j:1988c,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {On Universal Theories of Defaults},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon
    		   University},
  number = {CMU-CS-88-111},
  year = {1988},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;foundations-of-reasoning;}  
    } 

@inproceedings{ doyle_j:1989a,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Reasoning, Representation, and Rational Self-Government},
  booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Zbigniew Ras},
  pages = {395--402},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;AI-and-economics;}  
  } 

@article{ doyle_j:1989b,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Constructive Belief and Rational Representation},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--11},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;belief;AI-and-economics;}  
 } 

@article{ doyle_j-patil:1989a,
  author = {Jon Doyle and Ramesh Patil},
  title = {Two Theses of Knowledge Representation:
  	Language Restrictions, Taxonomic Classifications, and the
  	Utility of Representation Services},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {48},
  number = {3},
  pages = {261--298},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ doyle_j-wellman:1989a1,
  author = {Jon Doyle and Michael Wellman},
  title = {Impediments to Universal Preference-Based Default Theories},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {94--102},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: doyle_j-wellman:1989a2},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;foundations-of-nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ doyle_j-wellman:1989a2,
  author = {Jon Doyle and Michael P. Wellman},
  title = {Impediments to Universal Preference-Based Default
  	Theories},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {49},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {97--128},
  xref = {Conference publication: doyle_j-wellman:1989a1.},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;foundations-of-nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ doyle_j:1990a,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Rationality and Its Roles in Reasoning (Extended Abstract)},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  pages = {1093--1100},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {rationality;utility-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ doyle_j:1990b,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Rational Belief Revision},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University},
  topic = {rationality;belief-revision;} 
  } 

@incollection{ doyle_j:1991a,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {The Foundations of Psychology: A Logico-Computational
  	Inquiry into the Concept of Mind},
  booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock},
  pages = {39--77},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;philosophy-of-psychology;foundations-of-AI;
  	foundations-of-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ doyle_j:1991b,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Rational Belief Revision},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {163--174},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;belief-revision;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ doyle_j-etal:1991a,
  author = {Jon Doyle and Yoav Shoham and Michael P. Wellman},
  title = {A Logic of Relative Desire (Preliminary Report)},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on
		 Methodologies for Intelligent Systems},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Zbigniew Ras},
  pages = {16--31},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ doyle_j-wellman:1991a,
  author = {Jon Doyle and Michael Wellman},
  title = {Preferential Semantics for Goals},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
       Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown},
  pages = {698--703},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;}  
 } 

@article{ doyle_j-wellman:1991b,
  author = {Jon Doyle and Michael Wellman},
  title = {Impediments to Universal Preference-Based Default Theories},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {49},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {97},
  contentnote = {This paper shows that Arrow's theorem applies to
  	preferences of defaults.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;welfare-economics;Arrow's-theorem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ doyle_j:1992a,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Reason Maintenance and Belief Revision: Foundations Vs.
  	Coherence Theories},
  booktitle = {Belief Revision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  pages = {29--52},
  address = {Cambridge},
  topic = {belief-revision;truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@incollection{ doyle_j:1992b,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {Reason Maintenance and Belief Revision},
  booktitle = {Belief Revision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  pages = {29--51},
  address = {Cambridge},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ doyle_j:1992c,
   author = {Jon Doyle},
   title = {Rationality and Its Roles in Reasoning},
   journal = {Computational Intelligence},
   year = {1992},
   volume = {8},
   number = {2},
   pages = {376--409},
   topic = {rationality;practical-reasoning;foundations-of-planning;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ doyle_j-wellman:1992a,
  author = {Jon Doyle and Michael Wellman},
  title = {Modular Utility Representation for Decision-Theoretic
  	    Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on
               Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {236--242},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;}  
  } 

@book{ doyle_j-etal:1994a,
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  title = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {kr;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ doyle_j-wellman_mp:1994a,
  author = {Jon Doyle and Michael P. Wellman},
  title = {Representing Preferences as {\em Ceteris Paribus} 
  	Comparatives},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Decision-Theoretic Planning},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {69--75},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;preferences;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ doyle_j:1995a,
  author = {John Doyle},
  title = {Contextual Equivalence and {\em Ceteris Paribus} 
  	Comparatives},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Laboratory for Computer Science,
  	Massachusetts Institute of Technology.},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;qualitative-utility;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ doyle_j:1997a,
  author = {Jon Doyle},
  title = {An Outline of Qualitative Decision Theory},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Laboratory for Computer Science,
  	Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;}  
  } 

@article{ doyle_j-dean:1997a,
  author = {Jon Doyle and Thomas Dean},
  title = {Strategic Directions in Artificial Intelligence},
  journal = {{AI} Magazine},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--102},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
  } 

@book{ doyle_j-thomason_rh:1997a,
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ doyle_rj-etal:1986a,
  author = {R.J. Doyle and D.J. Atkinson and R.S. Doshi},
  title = {Generating perception requests and expectations to verify the
       execution of plans},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  missinginfo = {pages 81ff},
  topic = {plan-monitoring;}  
  } 

@article{ drabble:1993a,
  author = {Brian Drabble},
  title = {{EXCALIBUR}: A Program for Planning and Reasoning with
  	Processes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {62},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--40},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This article describes research aimed at
     building a hierarchical partial order planner which is capable
     of interacting with a constantly changing world. The main aim is
     to verify a planning and execution strategy based on qualitative
     process theory which allows a greater level of interaction
     between the planner and the real world than exists within
     current planners. A variety of techniques are described which
     allow the planner to create a model of the world in which plan
     failures can be analysed and faulty plans repaired. These
     techniques also allow the planner to react to changes in the
     world outside of the plan which it has been told previously to
     avoid happening, e.g., an explosion.},
  topic = {hierarchical-planning;partial-order-planning;
  	plan-execution;}  
  } 

@article{ drakengren-jonsson:1997a,
  author = {Thomas Drakengren and Peter Jonsson},
  title = {Twenty-One Large Tractable Subclasses of {A}llen's
  	Algebra},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {93},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {297--319},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;;kr-course;complexity-in-AI;kr;krcourse;}  
  } 

@article{ drakengren-jonsson_p:1998a,
  author = {Thomas Drakengren and Peter Jonsson},
  title = {A Complete Classification of Tractability in {A}llen's
  	Algebra Relative to Subsets of Basic Relations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {106},
  number = {2},
  pages = {205--219},
  topic = {temporal-reasonong;;kr-course;kr-complexity-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ drakengren-bjareland:1999a,
  author = {Thomas Drakengren and Marcus Bj\"areland},
  title = {Reasoning about Action in Polynomial Time},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {115},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--24},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;planning-algorithms;polynomial-algorithms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ drakos:1988a,
  author = {Nikos Drakos},
  title = {Reason Maintenance in Horn-Clause Logic Programs},
  booktitle = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Barbara Smith and Gerald Kelleher},
  pages = {77--97},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ draper:1981a,
  author = {Stephen W. Draper},
  title = {The Use of Gradient and Dual Space in Line-Drawing
  	Interpretation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {461--508},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper reviews the application of gradient space and dual
     space in programs that interpret line-drawings and examines
     whether they can provide a basis for a fully adequate program.
     Mackworth's program Poly is analyzed at length. Counterexamples
     show first that the procedure must be generalized from gradient
     to dual space, and then that constraints in the form of
     inequalities as well as equations must he handled which
     necessitates a radical re-design.  A proof that Poly itself is
     valid under perspective as well as orthographic projection
     although its derivation in terms of gradient space is not,
     further indicates that gradient (or dual) space is not the
     important element in Mackworth's approach. Other ways of using
     dual space by Kanade and Huffman are discussed but they do not
     convincingly rebut the conclusion that dual space is peripheral
     to the design of a competent program. Finally the conclusion
     that the plane equation approach derived from the developments
     described, while theoretically adequate, is awkward to use
     because it fails to offer intuitive clarity, is supported by
     contrasting it with the alternative method of sidedness
     reasoning.},
  topic = {line-drawings;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ draper_d-etal:1994a,
  author = {Denise Draper and Steve Hanks and Daniel Weld},
  title = {Probabilistic Planning With Information Gathering and Contingent
  	Execution},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on {AI} 
  	Planning Systems},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {K. Hammond},
  pages = {31--36},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {probabilistic-planning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ draper_d-hanks:1996a,
  author = {Denise Draper and Steve Hanks},
  title = {Localized Partial Evaluation of Belief Networks},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	University of Washington},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.  Publication info
  	is missing.},
  topic = {probabilistic-planning;partial-evaluation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ drapkin-etal:1987a,
  author = {Jennifer Drapkin and M. Miller and Donald Perlis},
  title = {On Default Handling: Consistency Before and After},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	University of Maryland},
  xref = {Jennifer Drapkin = Jennifer Elgot-Drapkin},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;reasoning-about-consistency;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dras:1997a,
  author = {Mark Dras},
  title = {Representing Paraphrases using Synchronous {TAG}s},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {516--518},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-translation;paraphrasing;TAG-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ dray:1962a,
  author = {William Dray},
  title = {Choosing and Doing},
  journal = {Dialogue},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {129--152},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {action;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dray:1962b,
  author = {W.H. Dray},
  title = {Must Effects Have Causes?},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series},
  publisher = {Barnes and Noble},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {20--25},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Comments on: vendler:1962a.},
  topic = {ordinary-language-philosophy;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ dreischner:1977a,
  author = {M. Dreischner},
  title = {Is (Quantum) Logic Empirical?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {415--423},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ dreizen:1976a,
  author = {Felix Dreizen},
  title = {The Proper Treatment of Negation in Ordinary {R}ussian},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Haifa.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {negation;Montague-grammar;Russian-language;}  
  } 

@article{ dresher-hornstein:1976a,
  author = {Bezalem E. Dresher and Norbert H. Hornstein},
  title = {On the Supposed Contribution of Artificial Intelligence to
  	the Scientific Study of Language},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {321--398},
  topic = {linguistic-theory-and-computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ dresher-hornstein:1999a,
  author = {Bezalem E. Dresher},
  title = {Charting the Learning Path: Cues to Parameter
  	Setting},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {30},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--96},
  topic = {parameter-setting;}  
  } 

@article{ dresner:2001a,
  author = {Eli Dresner},
  title = {Tarski's Restricted Form and {N}eale's Quantificational
  		Treatment of Proper Names},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {405--415},
  topic = {identity;variable-binding;nl-quantification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dressler_o-strauss:1996a,
  author = {Oskar Dressler and Peter Strauss},
  title = {The Consistency-Based Approach to Automated Diagnosis of
  	Devices},
  booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Gerhard Brewka},
  pages = {267--311},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {diagnosis;}  
  } 

@book{ dressler_w:1972a,
  author = {Wolfgang Dressler},
  title = {Einf\"uring in die {T}extlinguistik},
  publisher = {Niemeyer},
  year = {1972},
  address = {T\"ubingen},
  title = {{T}extlinguistik},
  publisher = {Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft},
  year = {1972},
  address = {Darmstadt},
  topic = {text-grammar;text-linguistics;discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ dretske:1969a,
  author = {Fred I. Dretske},
  title = {Seeing and Knowing},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1969},
  address = {Chicago},
  xref = {Review: aldrich:1970a.},
  topic = {logic-of-perception;epistemology;epistemic-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ dretske:1970a,
  author = {Fred I. Dretske},
  title = {Epistemic Operators},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {67},
  number = {24},
  pages = {1007--1023},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;propositional-attitudes;sentence-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ dretske:1972a,
  author = {Fred Dretske},
  title = {Contrastive Statements},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {81},
  number = {4},
  pages = {411--437},
  topic = {sentence-focus;contrastive-stress;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dretske:1974a,
  author = {Fred I. Dretske},
  title = {Explanation in Linguistics},
  booktitle = {Explaining Linguistic Phenomena},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {David Cohen},
  pages = {21--41},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology;
  	explanation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dretske:1978a,
  author = {Fred I. Dretske},
  title = {Referring to Events},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {369--378},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {events;JL-Austin;sentence-focus;}  
  } 

@book{ dretske:1981a,
  author = {Fred I. Dretske},
  title = {Knowledge and the Flow of Information},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;information-flow-theory;
  	theories-of-information;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dretske-enc:1984a,
  author = {Fred Dretske and Berent En\c},
  title = {Causal Theories of Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {517--528},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {knowledge;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ dretske:1985a,
  author = {Fred Dretske},
  title = {Constraints and Meaning},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {9--12},
  topic = {situation-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} 
  } 

@book{ dretske:1988a,
  author = {Fred Dretske},
  title = {Explaining Behavior: Reasons in a World of Causes},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: mclaughlin_bp:1991a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;belief;desire;} 
 } 

@incollection{ dretske:1989a,
  author = {Fred Dretske},
  title = {Reasons and Causes},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {1--15},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {reasons-for-action;desires;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dretske:1990a,
  author = {Fred Dretske},
  title = {Seeing, Believing, and Knowing},
  booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science.  Volume
  	2: Visual Cognition and Action},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {129--148},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophy-of-perception;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dretske:1993a,
  author = {Fred Dretske},
  title = {Mental Events as Structuring Causes of
		Behaviour},
  booktitle = {Mental Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele},
  pages = {131--136},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ dretske:1994a,
  author = {Fred Dretske},
  title = {The Explanatory Role of Information},
  journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A:
  	Physical Sciences and Engineering},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {349},
  number = {1689},
  pages = {9--69},
  note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html},
  topic = {information-flow-theory;foundations-of-AI;theories-of-information;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dreyfus:1981a,
  author = {Hubert L. Dreyfus},
  title = {From Micro-Worlds to Knowledge Representation: {AI} at an
  	Impasse},
  booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {John Haugeland},
  pages = {161--204},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Excerpted from introduction to dreyfus_hl:1972a.},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ dreyfus_hl:1965a,
  author = {Hubert L. Dreyfus},
  title = {Why Computers Must Have Bodies in Order to Be
  	Intelligent},
  journal = {Review of Metaphysics},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {13--32},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ dreyfus_hl:1972a,
  author = {Hubert L. Dreyfus},
  title = {What Computers Can't Do: A Critique of Artificial
  	Reason},
  publisher = {Harper and Row},
  year = {1972},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ dreyfus_hl-dreyfus_se:1986a,
  author = {Hubert L. Dreyfus},
  title = {Mind Over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and the
  	Expertise in the Era of the Computer},
  publisher = {Free Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Review: koschmann:1987a.},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dreyfus_hl-dreyfus_se:1987a,
  author = {Hubert L. Dreyfus and Stuart E. Dreyfus},
  title = {How to Stop Worrying about the Frame Problem Even though
  	It's Computationally Intractable},
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem
             in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  pages = {95--111},
  topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ dreyfus_hl:1992a,
  author = {Hubert L. Dreyfus},
  title = {What Computers Still Can't Do: A Critique of Artificial
  	Reason},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Reviews: collins_hm:1996a, haugeland:1996a, koschmann:1996a,
  	mccarthy_j1:1996a, strom-darden:1996a.
	 Commentary: dreyfus_hl:1999a.},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
 } 

@article{ dreyfus_hl:1996a,
  author = {Hubert L. Dreyfus},
  title = {Response to My Critics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {80},
  number = {1},
  pages = {171--191},
  xref = {Commentary on reviews of dreyfus:1992a.},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ driankov-hellendoorn:1991a,
  author = {Dimiter Driankov and Hans Hellendoorn},
  title = {Towards a Logic for a Fuzzy Logic Controller},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {166--171},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {fuzzy-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ drummond:1985a,
  author = {Mark Drummond},
  title = {Refining and Extending the Procedural Net},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi},
  pages = {1010--1015},
  year = {1985},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  contentnote = {Introduces the idea of a plan net.},
  topic = {planning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ drummond:1989a,
  author = {Mark Drummond},
  title = {Situated Control Rules},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {103--113},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;planning-formalisms;planning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ druzdel:1997a,
  author = {Marek Druzdel},
  title = {An Incompatibility Between Preferential Ordering And
        the Decision-Theoretic Notion of Utility},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {35--40},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;preferences;foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ druzdzel-henrion:1993a,
  author = {Marek Druzdzel and Max Henrion},
  title = {Efficient Reasoning in Qualitative Probabilistic
		Networks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert},
  pages = {548--553},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dry-aristar_ar:1998a,
  author = {Helen Aristar Dry and Anthony Rodrigues Aristar},
  title = {The Internet: An Introduction},
  booktitle = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry},
  pages = {26--61},
  address = {London},
  topic = {internet-general;}  
  } 

@article{ dubois-etal:1991a,
  author = {Didier Dubois and J\'er\v{o}me Lang and Henri Prade},
  title = {Timed Possibilistic Logic},
  journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {211--234},
  topic = {temporal-logic;possibilistic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dubois-etal:2002a,
  author = {Didier Dubois and H\'el\`ene Fargier and Patrice Perny},
  title = {On the Limitations of Ordinal Approaches to Decision-Making},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {133--144},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;qualitative-utility;} 
  } 

@article{ dubois_d-prade:1986a,
  author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Belief Structures, Possibility Theory, and Decomposible
  	Confidence Measures on Finite Sets},
  journal = {Computers and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {403--416},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@book{ dubois_d-prade:1986b,
  author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Possibility Theory: An Approach to Computerized Processing
  	of Uncertainty},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
 } 

@article{ dubois_d-prade:1988a,
  author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Default Reasoning and Possibility Theory},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {2},
  pages = {243--257},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;possibility-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dubois_d-etal:1991b,
  author = {Didier Dubois and J. Lang and Henri Prade},
  title = {A Brief Overview of Possibilistic Logic},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {53--57},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;possibilistic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dubois_d-prade:1991a,
  author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Conditional Objects and Non-Monotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {175--185},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;conditionals;conditional-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ dubois_d-prade:1991b,
  author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Epistemic Entrenchment and Possibilistic Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2991},
  volume = {50},
  number = {2},
  pages = {223--239},
  topic = {possibilistic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dubois_d-prade:1992a,
  author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Possibilistic Logic, Preferential Models, and Related
  	Issues},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Barbara Grosz and John Mylopoulos},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;reasoning-about-uncertainty;
  	model-preference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dubois_d-prade:1992b,
  author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Belief Change and Possibility Theory},
  booktitle = {Belief Revision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  pages = {142--182},
  address = {Cambridge},
  topic = {belief-revision;qualitative-probability;
  	reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dubois_d-etal:1994b,
  author = {Didier Dubois and J\'er\^ome  Lang and Henri Prade},
  title = {Possibilistic Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence
   	         and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic
		 Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson},
  pages = {439--513},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {possibilistic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dubois_d-prade:1994a,
  author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Conditional Objects as Nonmonotonic Consequence Relations:
  	Main Results},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {170--177},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;conditionals;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dubois_d-prade:1995a,
  author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Conditional Objects, Possibility Theory and Default Rules},
  booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig},
  pages = {301--336},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dubois_d-prade:1995b,
  author = {Didier Dubois and Henry Prade},
  title = {Possibility Theory as a Basis for Qualitative Decision
  	Theory},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1924--1930},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dubois_d-prade:1996a,
  author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Non-Standard Theories of Uncertainty in Plausible
		Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Gerhard Brewka},
  pages = {1--32},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;Bayesian-networks;
  	possibilistic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dubois_d-etal:1997a,
  author = {Didier Dubois and H\'elene Fargier and Henri Prade},
  title = {Decision Making Under Ordinal Preferences and Uncertainty},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {41--46},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;decision-analysis;possibilistic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dubois_d-etal:1997b,
  author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade and R\'egis Sabbadin},
  title = {A Possibilistic Logic Machinery for Qualitative Decision},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {47--54},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;possibilistic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dubois_d-etal:1998a,
  author = {Didier Dubois and Llu\'is Godo and Henri Prade and
		Adriana Zapico},
  title = {Making Decision in a Qualitative Setting: from Decision
		under Uncertainty to Case-Based Decision},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {594--605},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;qualitative-utility;case-based-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dubois_d-etal:1998b,
  author = {Didier Dubois and D. Le Berre and Henri Prade and
  	H. Zapico},
  title = {Making Decision in a Qualitative Setting: From Decision
  	under Uncertainty to Case-Based Decision},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan},
  pages = {588--593},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-decision-theory;case-based-reasoning;
  	possibilistic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dubois_d-etal:1998c,
  author = {Didier Dubois and Serafin Moral and Henri Prade},
  title = {Belief Change Rules in Ordinal and Numerical Uncertainty
                Theories},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 3:  Belief Change},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  pages = {311--392},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@book{ dubois_d-prade:1998a,
  editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems:  Belief Change},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {3},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentsnote = {TC:
    1. Didier Dubois and Henri Prade, "Introduction: Revising,
		Updating and Combining Knowledge", pp. 1--15
    2. Sven Ove Hansson, "Revision of Belief Sets and Belief
		Bases", pp. 16--75
    3. Bernhard Nebel, "How Hard is it to Revise a Belief
                Base?", pp. 77--145
    4. Sten Lindstr\"om and Wlodek Rabinowicz, "Conditionals
		and the {R}amsey Test", pp. 147--188
    5. Andreas Herzig, "Logics for Belief Base Updating", pp. 189--231
    6. Laurence Cholvy, "Reasoning about Merged
                Information", pp. 233--263
    7. Philippe Smets, "Numerical Representation of
               Uncertainty", pp. 265--309
    8. Didier Dubois and Serafin Moral and Henri Prade, "Belief
		Change Rules in Ordinal and Numerical Uncertainty
                Theories", pp. 311--392
    9. J\"org Gebhardt and Rudolf Kruse, "Parallel Combination of
		Information Sources", pp. 393--439
     } ,
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dubois_d-prade:1998b,
  author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Possibility Theory: Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 1:  Quantified Representation
		of Uncertainty and Imprecision},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {169--226},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {possibility-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dubois_d-prade:1998c,
  author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Introduction: Revising, Updating and Combining Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 3:  Belief Change},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  pages = {1--15},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {belief-revision;knowledge-integration;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dubois_d-prade:1999a,
  author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  title = {Decision, Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Possibilistic
  		Logic},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {qualitative-decision-theory;possibilistic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ dubois_d-etal:2000a,
  author = {Didier Dubois and Petr H\'ajek and Henri Prade},
  title = {Knowledge-Driven versus Data-Driven Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--89},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;kr;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dubois_j:1996a,
  author = {John Dubois},
  title = {Dialogic Syntax},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Pragmatics Association},
  year = {1996},
  month = {July},
  contentnote = {Has to do with pattern
  	repetition in discourse.},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ duboulay:2001a,
  author = {Benedict du Boulay},
  title = {Review of {\it Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis},
  	    by {N}ils {J}. {N}ilsson,
          {\it Artificial Intelligence: Theory and Practice},
	   by {T}homas {D}ean, {J}ames {F}. {A}llen, and {Y}. {A}loimonos,
	  {\it Computational Intelligence: A Logical Approach}, by
	   by {D}avid {P}oole, {A}lan {M}ackworth, and {R}andy {G}oebel,
	  {\it Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach},
           by {S}tuart {R}ussell and {P}eter {N}orvig
    } ,
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {125},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {227--232},
  xref = {Review of nilsson:1998a, allen_jf-etal, poole-etal:1988a,
  	russell-norvig:1995a, } ,
  topic = {AI-intro;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dubreu:1954a,
  author = {G. Dubreu},
  title = {Representation of a Preference Ordering by a
	Numerical Function},
  booktitle = {Decision Processes},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1960},
  address = {New York},
  editor = {Robert M. Thrall and C.H. Coombs and R.L. Davis},
  pages = {159--165},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name},
  topic = {qualitative-preference;}  
  } 

@book{ duchan-etal:1995a,
  editor = {Judith F. Duchan and Gail A. Bruder and Lynne E. Hewitt},
  title = {Deixis in Narrative: A Cognitive Science Perspective},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  xref = {Review: cremers:1996a.},
  topic = {deixis;psycholinguistics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ dudman:1981a,
  author = {V.C. Dudman},
  title = {Time and Tense in {E}nglish},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Macquarie University.},
  topic = {nl-tense;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ dudman:1984a,
  author = {V.C. Dudman},
  title = {Conditional Interpretations of `If' Sentences},
  journal = {Australian Journal of Linguistics},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {143--204},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ dufourd-etal:1998a,
  author = {Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Dufourd and Pascal Mathis
		and Pascal Schreck},
  title = {Geometric Construction by Assembling Solved
		Subfigures},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {99},
  number = {1},
  pages = {73--119},
  topic = {computer-aided-design;geometrical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ dumas-redish:1993a,
  author = {Joseph S. Dumas and Janice C. Redish},
  title = {A Practical Guide to Usability Testing},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {089391990X (cl)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ dummett-lemmon:1959a,
  author = {Michael A.E. Dummett and E. J. Lemmon},
  title = {Modal logics between {S4} and {S5}},
  journal = {Zeitschrift f\"{u}r {M}athematische {L}ogik
               und {G}rundlagen der {M}athematik},
  volume = {5},
  year = {1959},
  pages = {250--264},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
    } 

@book{ dummett:1973a,
  author = {Michael A.E. Dummett},
  title = {Frege: Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {Duckworth},
  year = {1973},
  address = {London},
  topic = {Frege;philosophy-of-logic;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@article{ dummett:1975a1,
  author = {Michael A.E. Dummett},
  title = {Wang's Paradox},
  journal = {Synt\`hese},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {301--324},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: dummett:1975a2.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dummett:1975a2,
  author = {Michael A.E. Dummett},
  title = {Wang's Paradox},
  booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {99--118},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of dummett:1975a1.},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dummett:1975b1,
  author = {Michael Dummett},
  title = {What Is a Theory of Meaning?},
  booktitle = {Mind and Language: {W}olfson College Lectures},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Samuel Guttenplan},
  address = {Oxford},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Republication: dummett:1975b2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;Davidson-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dummett:1975b2,
  author = {Michael Dummett},
  title = {What Is a Theory of Meaning?},
  booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Peter Ludlow},
  pages = {129--155},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of dummett:1975b1.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;Davidson-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dummett:1976a,
  author = {Michael Dummett},
  title = {What is a Theory of Meaning ({II})},
  booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell},
  pages = {67--137},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;Davidson-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ dummett:1977a,
  author = {Michael A.E. Dummett},
  title = {Elements of Intuitionism},
  publisher = {Clarendon Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1977},
  topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;foundations-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dummett:1979a,
  author = {Michael A.E. Dummett},
  title = {What Does a Theory of Use Do for a
		Theory of Meaning?},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second
		{J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Avishai Margalit},
  pages = {123--135},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dummett:1979b,
  author = {Michael A.E. Dummett},
  title = {Common-Sense and Physics},
  booktitle = {Perception and Identity},
  publisher = {MacMillan},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {G.F. Macdonald},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {pages, E's 1st name},
  topic = {common-sense;foundations-of-physics;}  
  } 

@book{ duncan-fiske:1977a,
  author = {Starkey {Duncan, Jr.} and Donald W. Fiske},
  title = {Face-To-Face Interaction: Research, Methods, and Theory},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0470991135},
  topic = {facial-expression;social-psychology;interpersonal-communication;}  
 } 

@article{ duncanjones:1964a,
  author = {Austin Duncan-Jones},
  title = {Performance and Promise},
  journal = {Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {97--117},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ dung:1995a,
  author = {Phan Minh Dung},
  title = {On the Acceptability of Arguments and Its Fundamental Role in
  	Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Logic Programming, and n-Person Games},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {77},
  number = {2},
  pages = {321--257},
  topic = {argumentation;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ dung:1995b,
  author = {Phan Minh Dung},
  title = {An Argumentation Theoretic Foundation for Logic Programming},
  journal = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {151--177},
  topic = {argumentation;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ dung:1995c,
  author = {Phan Minh Dung},
  title = {On the Acceptability of Arguments and Its Fundamental Role
  	in Nonmonotonic Reason, Logic Programming, and $N$-Person
	Games},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {77},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {321--357},
  topic = {argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;
  	nonmonotonic-reasoning;logic-programming;game-theory;}  
    } 

@inproceedings{ dung-son:1996a,
  author = {Phan Minh Dung and Tran Cao Son},
  title = {Non-Monotonic Inheritance, Argumentation, and Logic
		Programming},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
		Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {317--329},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, organization, address},
  topic = {logic-programming;argumentation;inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dung-son:1996b,
  author = {Phan Minh Dung and Tran Cao Son},
  title = {An Argumentation-Theoretic Approach to Reasoning with Specificity},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {506--517},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;default-logic;specificity;inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ dung-son:2001a,
  author = {Phan Minh Dung and Tran Cao Son},
  title = {An Argument-Based Approach to Reasoning with Specificity},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {133},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {35--85},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;specificity;
  	argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ duninkeplicz:1994a,
  author = {Barbara Dunin-Keplicz},
  title = {An Architecture with Multiple Meta-Levels for the
  		Development of Correct Programs},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {293--310},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {metaprogramming;}  
  } 

@article{ dunn:1967a,
  author = {J. Michael Dunn},
  title = {Drange's Paradox Lost},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {6},
  number = {18},
  pages = {94--95},
  topic = {truth-value-gaps;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ dunn:1969a,
  author = {J. Michael Dunn},
  title = {Natural Language and Formal Language},
  year = {1969},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University.},
  topic = {relevance-logic;natural-language/formal-language;}  
  } 

@article{ dunn:1975a,
  author = {J. Michael Dunn},
  title = {Axiomatizing {B}elnap's Conditional Assertion},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {383--397},
  topic = {conditional-assertion;}  
  } 

@article{ dunn:1976a,
  author = {J. Michael Dunn},
  title = {Intuitive Semantics for First-Degree Entailment and
  	`Coupled Trees'\, } ,
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {149--168},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ dunn-epstein:1977a,
  editor = {J. Michael Dunn and George Epstein},
  title = {Modern Uses Of Multiple-Valued Logic: Invited Papers From the
    Fifth International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic, held at
    Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, May 13--16, 1975},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027707472},
  topic = {multi-valued-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ dunn:1980a,
  author = {J. Michael Dunn},
  title = {A Sieve for Entailments},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--57},
  topic = {relevance-logics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dunn:1986a,
  author = {J. Michael Dunn},
  title = {Relevance Logic and Entailment},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}:
  	Alternatives in Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {117--224},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ dunn:1987a,
  author = {J. Michael Dunn},
  title = {Relevant Predication {I}: the Formal Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  number = {4},
  pages = {347--381},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dunn:1989a,
  author = {J. Michael Dunn},
  title = {Relevance Logic and Entailment},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume 3},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenthner},
  pages = {117--224},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dunn:1990a,
  author = {J. Michael Dunn},
  title = {The Frame Problem and Relevant Predication},
  booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson},
  pages = {89--95},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {kr;frame-problem;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ dunn:1990b,
  author = {J. Michael Dunn},
  title = {Relevant Predication {II}: Intrinsic Properties and
  	Internal Relations},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {60},
  pages = {117--206},
  topic = {relevant-predication;relevance-logic;real-properties;
  	internal/external-properties;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dunn:1990c,
  author = {J. Michael Dunn},
  title = {Relevant Predication {III}: Essential Properties},
  booktitle = {Truth or Consequences: Essays in Honor of {N}uel {B}elnap},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {J. Michael Dunn and Anil Gupta},
  pages = {77--95},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {relevant-predication;relevance-logic;real-properties;
  		internal/external-properties;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ dunn:1990d,
  author = {J. Michael Dunn},
  title = {Gaggle Theory: An Abstraction of {G}alois Connections
  	and Residuation, with Applications to Negation, Implication,
	and Various Logical Operators},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University},
  topic = {algebraic-logic;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ dunn-gupta:1990a,
  editor = {J. Michael Dunn and Anil Gupta},
  title = {Truth or Consequences: Essays in Honor of {N}uel
        {B}elnap},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dunn:1993a,
  author = {J. Michael Dunn},
  title = {Star and Perp: Two Treatments of Negation},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {331--357},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {negation;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ dunn:1995a,
  author = {J. Michael Dunn},
  title = {Positive Modal Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {55},
  number = {2},
  pages = {259--271},
  contentnote = {Axiomatizes negation-free minimal modal logic.},
  topic = {modal-logic;positive-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ dunn:2000a,
  author = {J. Michael Dunn},
  title = {Partiality and its Dual},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--40},
  topic = {relevance-logic;partial-logic;4-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ dunne-benchcapon:1997a,
  author = {Paul E. Dunne and Trevor J.M. Bench-Capon},
  title = {The Maximum Length of Prime Implicates for Instances of
  	{3-SAT}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {92},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {317--329},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Schrag and Crawford (1996) present strong experimental evidence
     that the occurrence of prime implicates of varying lengths in
     random instances of 3-SAT exhibits behaviour similar to the
     well-known phase transition phenomenon associated with
     satisfiability. Thus, as the ratio of number of clauses (m) to
     number of propositional variables (n) increases, random
     instances of 3-SAT progress from formulae which are generally
     satisfiable through to formulae which are generally not
     satisfiable, with an apparent sharp threshold being crossed when
     m/n ~4.2. For instances of 3-SAT, Schrag and Crawford (1996)
     examine with what probability the longest prime implicate has
     length k (for k>=0)-unsatisfiable formulae correspond to those
     having only a prime implicate of length 0-demonstrating that
     similar behaviour arises. It is observed by Schrag and Crawford
     (1996) that experiments failed to identify any instance of 3-SAT
     over nine propositional variables having a prime implicate of
     length 7 or greater, and it is conjectured that no such
     instances are possible.  In this note we present a combinatorial
     argument establishing that no 3-SAT instance on n variables can
     have a prime implicate whose length exceeds max(n/2 +1, 2n/3,
     validating this conjecture for the case n=9. We further show
     that these bounds are the best possible. An easy corollary of
     the latter constructions is that for all k>3, instances of k-SAT
     on n variables can be formed, that have prime implicates of
     length n-o(n).},
  topic = {prime-implicants;model-construction;}  
  } 

@article{ duntsch-gediga:1998a,
  author = {Ivo D\"untsch and G\"unther Gediga},
  title = {Uncertainty Measures for Rough Set Prediction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {106},
  number = {1},
  pages = {109--137},
  topic = {data-prediction;rough-sets;}  
  } 

@article{ duntsch-orlawska:2000a,
  author = {Ivo D\"untsch and Ewa Or{\l}awska},
  title = {A Proof System for Contact Relation Algebras},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {3},
  pages = {241--262},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;qualitative-geometry;mereology;
  	completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dupre:1984a,
  author = {John Dupr\'e},
  title = {Probabilistic Causality Emancipated},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {169--175},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;probability;}  
  } 

@article{ dupre:1999a,
  author = {John Dupr\'e},
  title = {Review of {\it How the Mind Works}, by
  	{S}tephen {P}inker},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {66},
  number = {3},
  pages = {489--507},
  xref = {Review of pinker:1997a.},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ dupre:2000a,
  author = {John Dupr\'e},
  title = {Review of {\it The Social Construction of What?},
  	by {I}an {H}acking},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {5},
  pages = {673--676},
  topic = {social-constructivism;philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@book{ dupuy:1997a,
  editor = {Jean-Pierre Dupuy},
  title = {Perspectives on Self-Deception},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {self-deception;}  
 } 

@book{ duranti-goodwin:1992a,
  editor = {Alessandro Duranti and Charles Goodwin},
  title = {Rethinking Context: Language as an Interactive Phenomenon},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052138169X},
  topic = {context;sociolinguistics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ durfee-montgomery:1991a,
  author = {Edmund H. Durfee and Thomas A. Montgomery},
  title = {A Hierarchical Protocol for Coordinating Multiagent Behaviors},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown},
  pages = {86--93},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {coordinating-behavior;action-descriptions;communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ durfee-etal:1995a,
  author = {Edmund H. Durfee and Victor R. Lesser and Daniel D.
  	Corkill},
  title = {Trends in Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan.},
  missinginfo = {Pub Info.},
  topic = {distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ durfee:1999a,
  author = {Edmund H. Durfee},
  title = {Distributive Continual Planning for Unmanned Ground
  	Vehicle Teams},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {55--61},
  topic = {multiagent-planning;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@book{ durlach-mavor:1995a,
  editor = {Nathaniel I. Durlach and Anne S. Mavor},
  title = {Virtual Reality: Scientific and Technological Challenges},
  publisher = {National Academy Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  ISBN = {0309051355},
  topic = {virtual-reality;}  
 } 

@article{ durstandersen:1995a,
  author = {Per Durst-Andersen},
  title = {Imperative Frames and Modality.  Direct vs. Indirect
  	Speech Acts in {R}ussian, {D}anish, and {E}nglish},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {6},
  pages = {655--675},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;indirect-speech-acts;}  
  } 

@article{ dusche:1995a,
  author = {M. Dusche},
  title = {Interpreted Logical Forms as Objects of the Attitudes},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {301--315},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;hyperintensionality;
  	structured-propositions;}  
  } 

@book{ dutoit:1997a,
  author = {Thierry Dutoit},
  title = {An Introduction to Text-to-Speech Synthesis},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-7923-4498-7},
  xref = {Review: fitzpatrick:1998a},
  topic = {speech-generation;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ dwork-moses_y:1986a1,
  author = {Cynthia Dwork and Yoram Moses},
  title = {Knowledge and Common Knowledge in a {B}yzantine Environment},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {149--169},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {See dwork-moses_y:1986a2},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-belief;Byzantine-agreement;}  
  } 

@article{ dwork-moses_y:1986a2,
  author = {Cynthia Dwork and Yoram Moses},
  title = {Knowledge and Common Knowledge in a {B}yzantine Environment:
  	Crash Failures},
  journal = {Information and Computation},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {88},
  number = {2},
  pages = {156--186},
  xref = {See dwork-moses_y:1986a1},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-belief;Byzantine-agreement;}  
  } 

@book{ dworkin:1988a,
  author = {Gerald Dworkin},
  title = {The Theory and Practice of Autonomy},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
 } 

@article{ dwyer-pietroski:1996a,
  author = {Susan Dwyer and Paul M. Pietrowski},
  title = {Believing in Language},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {63},
  number = {3},
  pages = {338--373},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ dybjer-etal:1994a,
  editor = {Peter Dybjer and B. Nordstr\"om and J. Smith},
  title = {Types for Proofs and Programs: Selected Papers},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {type-theory;proof-theory;programming-languages;}  
 } 

@book{ dybjer-etal:1995a,
  editor = {Peter Dybjer and Bengt Nordstr\"om and Jan Smith},
  title = {Types for Proofs and Programs: International Workshop
  	{TYPES}'94, {B}estad, {S}weden, June 6--10},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-540-60579-7},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Reni M. C. Ahn, "Communication Contexts: a Pragmatic Approach
     		to Information Exchange", pp. 1--13
     2. Herman Geuvers, "A Short and Flexible Proof of Strong
     		Normalization for the Calculus of
		Constructions", pp. 14--38
     3. Eduardo Giminez, "Codifying Guarded Definitions with
     		Recursive Schemes", pp. 39--59
     4. Healfdene Goguen, "The Metatheory of {UTT}", pp. 60--82
     5. Pascal Manoury, "A User's Friendly Syntax to Define Recursive
     		Functions as Typed lambda-Terms", pp. 83--100
     6. Tobias Nipkow, Konrad Slind, "I/Q Automata in
     		Isabelle/HOL", pp. 101--119
     7. Lawrence C. Paulson, "A Concrete Final Coalgebra Theorem for
     		{ZF} Set Theory", pp. 120--139
     8. Robert Pollack, "On Extensibility of Proof Checkers", pp. 140--161
     9. Aarne Ranta, "Syntactic Categories in the Language of
     		Mathematics", pp. 162--182
    10. Amokrane Saobi, "Formalization of a Lamda-Calculus with
    		Explicit Substitutions in {Coq}", pp. 183--202
 } ,
  topic = {type-theory;logic-in-cs;}  
 } 

@incollection{ dybkjaer_l-etal:1997a,
  author = {Laila Dybkj{\ae}r and Niels Ole Bernsen and Hans
  	Dybkj{\ae}r},
  title = {Generality and Objectivity: Central Issues in Putting
  	a Dialogue Evaluation Tool into Practical Use},
  booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of
  	Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari
  	and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks},
  pages = {17--24},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;nlp-evaluation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dybkjaer_l-etal:1997b,
  author = {Laila Dybkj{\ae}r and Niels Ole Bernsen and Hans
  		Dybkj{\ae}r},
  title = {Generality and Objectivity: Central
		Issues in Putting a Dialogue Evaluation Tool into
		Practical Use},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {17--24},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;nlp-evaluation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ dybkjaer_l-bernsen:2000a,
  author = {Laila Dybkjaer and Niels Ole Bernsen},
  title = {The {MATE} Markup Framework},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  pages = {19--28},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;corpus-annotation;corpus-tagging;}  
  } 

@book{ dybkjaer_l-etal:2000a,
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  title = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Shu Nakazoto, "Japanese Dialogue Corpus of Multi-Level
     		Annotation", pp. 1--8
     2. Claudia Soria and Roldano Cattoni and Morena
     		Danielli, "{ADAM}: An Architecture for {XML}-Based
		Dialogue Annotation on Multiple Levels", pp. 9--18
     3. Laila Dybkjaer and Niels Ole Bernsen, "The {MATE} Markup
     		Framework", pp. 19--28
     4. Nigel Ward, "Issues in the Transcription of {E}nglish
     		Conversational Grunts", pp. 29--35
     5. Ilana Mushim and Lesley Stirling and Janet Fletcher and
     		Roger Wales, "Identifying Prosodic Indicators of
		Dialogue Structure: Some Methodological and
		Theoretical Considerations", pp. 36--45
     6. Holger Schauer, "From Elementary Discourse Units to Complex
     		Ones", pp. 46--55
     7. Costanza Navaretta, "Abstract Anaphora Resolution in
     		{D}anish", pp. 56--65
     8. Simon Corston-Oliver, "Using Decision Trees to Select the
     		Grammatical Relation of a Noun Phrase", pp. 66--73
     9. Dragomir Radev, "A Common Theory of Information Fusion from
     		Multiple Text Sources", pp. 74--83
    10. Guido Boella and Rossana Damiano and Leonardo Lesmo, "Social
     		Goals in Conversational Cooperation", pp. 84--93
    11. Preetam Maloor and Joyce Chai, "Dynamic User Level and
    		Utility Measurement for Adaptive Dialog in a
		Help-Desp System", pp. 94--101
    12. Mare Koit and Haldur Oim, "Dialogue Management in the Agreement
    		Negotiation Process: A Model that Involves Natural
		Reasoning", pp. 102--111
    13. Staffan Larsson and Annie Zaenan, "Document Transformations
    		and Information States",pp. 112--120
    14. Annika Flycht-Eriksson and Arne J\"onsson, "Dialogue and Domain
    		Knowledge Management in Dialogue Systems", pp. 121--130
    15. Eli Hagen and Fred Popowich, "Flexible Speech Act Based Dialogue
    		Management", pp. 131--140
    16. Sado Kurohashi and Wataru Higasa, "Dialogue Helpsystem Based
    		on Flexible Matching of User Query with Natural
		Language Knowledge Base", pp. 141--149
    17. Jun-Ichi Hirasawa and Kohji Dohsaka and Kiyoaki Aikawa, "{WIT}:
    		A Toolkit for Building Robust and Real-Time Spoken
		Dialogue Systems", pp. 150--159
    18. Jan Alexandersson and Paul Heisterkamp, "Some Notes on the
    		Complexity of Dialogues", pp. 160--169
    } ,
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
 } 

@article{ dyckhoff:1992a,
  author = {Roy Dyckhoff},
  title = {Contraction-free Sequent Calculi for
  	Intuitionistic Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {57},
  number = {3},
  pages = {795--807},
  topic = {proof-theory;intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ dyckhoff:1994a,
  editor = {Roy Dyckhoff},
  title = {Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop Extensions
  	of Logic Programming: {ELP'93}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Berin},
  ISBN = {0387580255},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
 } 

@book{ dyckhoff:1994b,
  editor = {Roy Dyckhoff},
  title = {Extensions of Logic Programming: 4th International Workshop,
       {S}t {A}ndrews,  {M}arch 29-April 1, 1993},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387580255},
  topic = {extensions-of-logic-programming;}  
 } 

@book{ dyckhoff-etal:1996a,
  editor = {Roy Dyckhoff and Heinrich Herre and Peter Schroeder-Heister},
  title = {Extensions of Logic Programming : 5th International Workshop,
       {L}eipzig, {G}ermany, {M}arch 28-30, 1996},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540609830},
  topic = {extensions-of-logic-programming;}  
 } 

@article{ dyckhoff:2001a,
  author = {Roy Dyckhoff},
  title = {Review of {\it Basic Proof Theory}, by {A}.{S}.
  	{T}roelstra and {H}. {S}chwichtenberg},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {280},
  xref = {Review of troelstra-schwichtenberg:2000a.},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ dyckhoff-weinsing:2001a,
  author = {Roy Dyckhoff and Heinrich Weinsing},
  title = {Editorial},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--4},
  topic = {proof-theory;semantic-tableaux;modal-logic;} 
  } 

@book{ dyer:1983a,
  author = {Michael G. Dyer},
  title = {In-Depth Understanding:  A Computer Model of Integrated
   Processing for Narrative Comprehension},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {text-understanding;story-understanding;
  	memory-models;conceptual-dependency;}  
 } 

@article{ dym:1985a,
  author = {Clive L. Dym},
  title = {Review of {\it Building Expert Systems}, by {F}.
  	{H}ayes-{R}oth, {D}.{A}. {W}aterman and {D}ouglas {B}.
	{L}enat},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {101--104},
  xref = {Review of hayesroth_f-etal:1983a.},
  topic = {expert-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ dym:1985b,
  author = {Clive L. Dym},
  title = {Review of {\it A Practical Guide to Designing Expert
  	Systems}, by {S}.{M}. {W}eiss and {C}.{A}. {K}ulikowski},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {238--239},
  xref = {Review of weiss_sm-kulikowski:1984a.},
  topic = {expert-systems;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ dymetman:1998a,
  author = {Marc Dymetman},
  title = {Group Theory and Linguistic Processing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {348--352},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;Lambek-calculus;grammar-formalisms;
  	group-theory;}  
} 

@book{ eades-zhang_k:1996a,
  editor = {Peter Eades and Kang Zhang},
  title = {Software Visualisation},
  publisher = {World Scientific},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Singapore},
  ISBN = {9810228260},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@article{ earman:1971a,
  author = {John Earman},
  title = {Laplacian Determinism, or Is This Any Way to
  	Run A Universe?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {68},
  pages = {729--45},
  number = {21},
  topic = {physical-determinism;}  
 } 

@article{ earman:1976a,
  author = {John Earman},
  title = {Causation: A Matter of Life and Death},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {18},
  number = {73},
  pages = {5--25},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@book{ earman-etal:1977a,
  editor = {John S. Earman and Clark N. Glymour and John J. Stachel},
  title = {Foundations of Space-Time Theories: {M}innesota Studies
  	in the Philosophy of Science, Volume {VIII}},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  year = {1977},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;philosophy-of-physics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ earman:1979a,
  author = {John Earman},
  title = {Was {L}eibniz a Relationist?},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}:
  	Studies in Metaphysics},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {263--276},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {Leibniz;philosophy-of-space;sufficient-reason;}  
  } 

@book{ earman:1983a,
  editor = {John Earman},
  title = {Testing Scientific Theories: {M}innesota Studies in the
  	Philosophy of Science, Volume {III}},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  year = {1983},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;confirmation;}  
 } 

@book{ earman:1986a,
  author = {John Earman},
  title = {A Primer on Determinism},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {(in)determinism;}  
 } 

@book{ earman:1992a,
  author = {John Earman},
  title = {Bayes or Bust: A Critical Examination of Confirmation
  	Theory},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {confirmation-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ earman:1995a,
  author = {John Earman},
  title = {Bangs, Crunches, Whimpers, and Shrieks:
  	Singularities and Acausalities in Relativistic Spacetime},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: callendar:1998a.},
  topic = {spacetime-singularities;philosophy-of-physics;}  
 } 

@book{ earnshaw-etal:1993a,
  editor = {R.A. Earnshaw and M.A. Gigante and H. Jones.},
  title = {Virtual Reality Systems},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0122277481},
  topic = {virtual-reality;}  
 } 

@article{ eastman_cm:1973a,
  author = {Charles M. Eastman},
  title = {Automated Space Planning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--64},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper both reviews current procedures and introduces new
     ones for the automated generation of two-dimensional
     arrangements.  General properties of the task and some
     sufficiency conditions for dealing with it are identified. The
     treatment of these properties in existing programs are reviewed.
     The task is also organized into its component decision rules.
     One exemplification of these rules is described which utilizes
     the sufficiency conditions and is implemented in the General
     Space Planner (GSP) program in operation at Carnegie-Mellon
     University [3], [4]. The performance of GSP in solving a set of
     spatial arrangement tasks is described and some future
     extensions outlined.
      A secondary purpose of this paper is to more fully introduce
     this problem domain to the artificial intelligence literature.
     Not only is it an interesting problem class now only the
     province of humans, but it has wide application. Throughout the
     presentation, both the commonalities and disparities of this
     task domain with other AI tasks are explicated.},
  topic = {planning;spatial-arrangement-tasks;spatial-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ eaton-etal:1998a,
  author = {Peggy S. Eaton and Eugene C. Freuder and Richard J. Lewis},
  title = {Constraints and Agents: Confronting Ignorance},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {51--65},
  topic = {constraint-based-reasoning;artificial-societies;
  	autonomous-agents;}  
  } 

@book{ eatwell-etal:1987a,
  editor = {John Eatwell and Murray Milgate and Peter Newman},
  title = {The New Palgrave: Utility and Probability},
  publisher = {Macmillan},
  year = {1987},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {foundations-of-utility;utility;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ebbinghaus:1995a,
  author = {Hans-Dieeter Ebbinghaus},
  title = {On the Model Theory of Some Generalized Quantifiers},
  booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W.
  	Szczerba},
  pages = {25--62},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ eberle:1984a,
  author = {Rolf Eberle},
  title = {Logic with a Relative Truth Predicate and `that'-Terms},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {59},
  number = {2},
  pages = {151--185},
  topic = {truth;indirect-discourse;syntactic-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ eckardt:2001a,
  author = {Regine Eckardt},
  title = {Reanalyzing {\em Selbst}},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {371--412},
  topic = {German-language;reflexive-constructions;nl-semantics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ eckman_fr:1976a,
  author = {Fred R. Eckman},
  title = {Empirical and Nonempirical Generalizations
		in Syntax},
  booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Jessica R. Wirth},
  pages = {35--48},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ eckman_fr:1977a,
  author = {Fred R. Eckman},
  title = {On the Explanation of Some Typological Facts about
  	Raising},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1976},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;universal-grammar;}  
 } 

@book{ eco:1976a,
  author = {Umberto Eco},
  title = {A Theory of Semiotics},
  publisher = {Indiana University Press},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {semiotics;}  
 } 

@book{ eco:1979a,
  author = {Umberto Eco},
  title = {The Role of the Reader},
  publisher = {Indiana University Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {semiotics;}  
 } 

@article{ edalat:1997a,
  author = {Abbas Edalat},
  title = {Domains for Computation in Mathematics, Physics, and Exact
		Real Arithmetic},
  journal = {Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {401--452},
  topic = {domain-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ edelberg:1977a,
  author = {Walter Edelberg},
  title = {A Semantical Theory of Conditional and Tense Logic},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of
  	Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260.},
  topic = {conditionals;temporal-logic;branching-time;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ edelberg:1984a,
  author = {Walter Edelberg},
  title = {Intentional Identity},
  school = {Philosophy Department, University of Pittsburgh},
  year = {1984},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;intentional-identity;intentional-identity;
  	singular-propositions;}  
 } 

@article{ edelberg:1986a,
  author = {Walter Edelberg},
  title = {A New Puzzle about Intentional Identity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--27},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;intentional-identity;
  	singular-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ edelberg:1991a,
  author = {Walter Edelberg},
  title = {A Case for a Heretical Deontic Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--35},
  topic = {deontic-logic;arbitrary-objects;}  
  } 

@article{ edelberg:1992b,
  author = {Walter Edelberg},
  title = {Intentional Identity and the Attitudes},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  number = {6},
  pages = {561--596},
  topic = {nl-semantics;propositional-attitudes;intentional-identity;
  	singular-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ edelberg:1994a,
  author = {Walter Edelberg},
  title = {Propositions, Circumstances, Objects},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--34},
  topic = {possible-worlds-semantics;propositional-attitudes;
  	intentional-identity;singular-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ edelberg:1995a,
  author = {Walter Edelberg},
  title = {A Perspectivalist Semantics for the Attitudes},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {316--342},
  contentnote = {Idea is that truth is rel. to a belief system.  Belief
  	systems aren't modeled at any fine degree of granularity.
	Essentially, they are unanalyzed indices.},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-semantics;propositional-attitudes;intentional-identity;
  	singular-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ edelkamp-helmut:2001a,
  author = {Stefan Edelkamp and Malte Helmut},
  title = {{MIPS}: The Model-Checking Integrated Planning System},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {67--71},
  topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ edgeley:1965a,
  author = {R. Edgeley},
  title = {Practical Reason},
  journal = {Mind, New Series},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {74},
  number = {294},
  pages = {174--191},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ edgeley:1978a,
  author = {R. Edgeley},
  title = {Practical Reason},
  booktitle = {Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Joseph Raz},
  pages = {18--33},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ edgington:1980a,
  author = {Dorothy Edgington},
  title = {Meaning, Bivalence and Realism},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1980/81},
  volume = {81},
  pages = {153--173},
  topic = {philosophical-realism;Davidson-semantics;truth-value-gaps;}  
 } 

@article{ edgington:1991a,
  author = {Dorothy Edgington},
  title = {Matter-of-Fact Conditionals},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society
                 Supplementary Volume},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {65},
  pages = {185--209},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
 } 

@incollection{ edgington:1991b,
  author = {Dorothy Edgington},
  title = {Do Conditionals Have Truth Conditions?},
  booktitle = {Conditionals},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Frank Jackson},
  pages = {176--201},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ edgington:1992a,
  author = {Dorothy Edgington},
  title = {Validity, Uncertainty, and Vagueness},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {52},
  number = {4},
  pages = {193--203},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ edgington:1993a,
  author = {Dorothy Edgington},
  title = {Wright and {S}ainsbury on Higher-Order Vagueness},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {53},
  number = {4},
  pages = {193--200},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ edgington:1995a,
  author = {Dorothy Edgington},
  title = {On Conditionals},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {104},
  number = {413},
  pages = {235--329},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ edgington:1996a,
  author = {Dorothy Edgington},
  title = {Lowe on Conditional Probability},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {105},
  pages = {617--630},
  topic = {conditionals;probability;}  
 } 

@article{ edgington:1997a,
  author = {Dorothy Edgington},
  title = {Truth, Objectivity, Counterfactuals, and {G}ibbard},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {106},
  number = {420},
  pages = {107--116},
  contentnote = {This is about Gibbard's Sly Pete example.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ edgington:1997b,
  author = {Dorothy Edgington},
  title = {Vagueness by Degrees},
  booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {294--316},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ edidin:1984a,
  author = {Aron Edidin},
  title = {Inductive Reasoning and the Uniformity of Nature},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {285--302},
  topic = {induction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ edmonds:2001a,
  author = {Bruce Edmonds},
  title = {Learning Appropriate Contexts},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {143--155},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ edmonds_b-moss_s:1995a,
  author = {Bruce Edmonds and Scott Moss},
  title = {Modeling the Bounded Rationality of Agents by Modeling and
  	limited Incremental Search},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Michael Fehling},
  pages = {43--47},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {bounded-rationality;planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ edmonds_b:1999a,
  author = {Bruce Edmonds},
  title = {The Pragmatic Roots of Context},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {119--134},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@book{ edmonson_ja:1976a,
  author = {Jerry A. Edmonson},
  title = {Strict and Sloppy Identity in $\lambda$-Categorial Grammar},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ edmonson_ja:1977a,
  author = {Jerry A. Edmonson},
  title = {`{B}oth' in $\lambda$-Categorial Grammar},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Technical University Berlin},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ edmonson_ja-plank:1978a,
  author = {Jerold A. Edmonson and Frans Plank},
  title = {Great Expectations: An Intensive Self Analysis},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {373--413},
  topic = {intensifiers;}  
  } 

@book{ edmonson_wj:1981a,
  author = {Willis J. Edmonson},
  title = {Spoken Discourse: A Model for Analysis},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1981},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;text-linguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ edmonson_wj:1981b,
  author = {Willis J. Edmonson},
  title = {Illocutionary Verbs, Illocutionary
    		Acts, and Conversational Behavior},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {485--494},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {speech-acts;}  
 } 

@incollection{ edwards_awf:1998a,
  author = {Anthony W.F. Edwards},
  title = {Statistical Inference},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 1:  Quantified Representation
		of Uncertainty and Imprecision},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {357--366},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {statistical-inference;}  
  } 

@book{ edwards_d-potter:1992a,
  author = {Derek Edwards and Jonathan Potter},
  title = {Discursive Psychology},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Newbury Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;}  
 } 

@book{ edwards_d:1997a,
  author = {Derek Edwards},
  title = {Discourse and Cognition},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {discourse;philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ edwards_j:1754a,
  author = {Jonathan Edwards},
  title = {Freedom of the Will},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1957},
  address = {New Haven, Connecticut},
  note = {Originally published in 1754.},
  title = {The Encyclopedia of Philosophy},
  publisher = {MacMillan Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  address = {London},
  topic = {philosophy-handbook/encyclopedia;}  
 } 

@incollection{ edwards_w:1977a,
  author = {Ward Edwards},
  title = {Use of Multiattribute Utility Measurement for Social
  	Decision Making},
  booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  pages = {247--276},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;}  
  } 

@article{ edwards_w-barron:1994a,
  author = {Ward Edwards and F. Hutton Barron},
  title = {{SMARTS} and {SMARTER}: Improved Simple Methods for
  	Multiattribute Utility Measurement},
  journal = {Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {60},
  pages = {306--325},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {preference-elicitation;multiattribute-utility;}  
  } 

@article{ eells:1981a,
  author = {Ellery Eells},
  title = {Causality, Utility and Decision},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {48},
  pages = {295--395},
  miscnote = {D. Lewis cites this in connection with "tickle defense", see
  	lewis_dk:1981a1.},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {decision-theory;causal-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ eells:1982a,
  author = {Ellery Eells},
  title = {Rational Decision and Causality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;causal-decision-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ eells:1984a,
  author = {Ellery Eells},
  title = {Newcomb's Many Solutions},
  journal = {Theory and Decision},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {59--105},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {causal-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ eells:1985a,
  author = {Ellery Eells},
  title = {Levi's `The Wrong Box'\, } ,
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {82},
  number = {2},
  pages = {91--104},
  topic = {Newcomb-problem;}  
  } 

@book{ eells:1991a,
  author = {Ellery Eells},
  title = {Probabilistic Causality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: davis_wa:1993a.},
  ISBN = {0521392446},
  topic = {causality;probability;}  
 } 

@book{ eells-maruszewski:1991a,
  editor = {Ellery Eells and Tomasz Maruszewski},
  title = {Probability and Rationality: Studies On {L}. {J}onathan
  	{C}ohen's Philosophy of Science},
  publisher = {Rodopi},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {9051833164},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@book{ eells-skyrms:1994a,
  editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms},
  title = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational
       Decision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  contentnote = {
  	1. Patrick Suppes, "Some Questions about Adams' Conditionals"
  	2. Brian Skyrms, "Adams Conditionals"
  	3. Robert C. Stalnaker, "Letter to Brian Skyrms"
  	4. Robert C. Stalnaker and Richard Jeffrey, "Conditionals as
		Random Variables"
  	5. Judea Pearl, "From Adams' Conditionals to Default
		Expressions, Causal Conditionals, and Counterfactuals"
  	6. Alan H\'ajek and Ned Hall, "The Hypothesis of the
		Conditional Construal of Conditional Probability"
  	7. Alan H\'ajek, "Triviality on the Cheap?"
  	8. Ned Hall, "Back in the CCCP"
  	9. Charles Chihara, "The Howson-Urbach Proofs of Bayesian Principles"
       10. Vann McGee, "Learning the Impossible"
       11. Patrick Suppes, "A Brief Survey of Adams' Contributions to
       		Philosophy"
  } ,
  xref = {Reviews: halpern:2000a, gardner_r:2000a.},
  topic = {probability;conditionals;CCCP;}  
 } 

@article{ eels-fitelson:2000a,
  author = {Ellery Eels and Branden Fitelson},
  title = {Measuring Confirmation and Evidence},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {5},
  pages = {663--672},
  topic = {confirmation;}  
  } 

@article{ egan:1995a,
  author = {Frances Egan},
  title = {Computation and Content},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {104},
  number = {2},
  pages = {181--203},
  topic = {philosophy-of-computation;}  
  } 

@article{ egan:1998a,
  author = {Frances Egan},
  title = {Review of {\it Representations, Targets, and Attitudes},
  	by {R}obert {C}ummins},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {1},
  pages = {118--120},
  xref = {Review of cummins_r:1996a.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;philosophy-of-mind;
  	foundations-of-semantics;intentionality;
  	foundations-of-cognition;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ egg-etal:1998a,
  author = {Markus Egg and Joachim Niehren and Peter Ruhrberg and
		Feiyu Xu},
  title = {Constraints over Lambda-Structures in Semantic
  	Underspecification},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {353--359},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {semantic-underspecification;}  
} 

@incollection{ egg:1999a,
  author = {Markus Egg},
  title = {Deriving and Resolving Ambiguities in
	{\it wieder} Sentences},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
	of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {109--115},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {ambiguity;semantic-underspecification;optimality-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ egg-etal:2001a,
  author = {Markus Egg and Manfred Pinkal and James Pustejovsky},
  title = {Editorial (for a Special Issue on Underspecification)},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
   year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {411--416},
  topic = {semantic-underspecification;}  
  } 

@article{ egg-etal:2001b,
  author = {Markus Egg and Alexander Koller and Joachim Niehren},
  title = {The Constraint Language for Lambda Structures},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {457--485},
  topic = {semantic-underspecification;anaphora;ellipsis;}  
  } 

@book{ egli:1995a,
  editor = {Urs Egli},
  title = {Lexical Knowledge in the Organization of Language},
  publisher = {J. Benjamins},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {1556195680 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {lexicon;}  
 } 

@incollection{ egli_u1:1998a,
  author = {Uwe Egli},
  title = {Cuts in Tableaux},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ egli_u1-schmitt:1998a,
  author = {Uwe Egli and Stephen Schmitt},
  title = {Intuitionistic Proof Transformations and Their Application to
		Constructive Program Synthesis},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {132--144},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {theorem-proving;intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ egli_u2:1979a,
  author = {Urs Egli},
  title = {The {S}toic Concept of Anaphora},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {284--283},
  topic = {Stoic-philosophy;anaphora;}  
  } 

@book{ egli_u2:1995a,
  editor = {Urs Egli},
  title = {Lexical Knowledge in the Organization of Language},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {1556195680},
  topic = {lexicon;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ehrig-etal:1992a,
  author = {Hartmut Ehrig},
  title = {Introduction to Graph Grammars with Applications to
  	Semantic Networks},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {557--572},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ ehrlich:1992a,
  author = {Eugene Ehrlich},
  title = {Theory and Problems of Punctuation, Capitalization,
		  and Spelling},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Hong Kong},
  series = {Schaum's Outline Series},
  edition = {2},
  topic = {spelling;punctuation;}  
} 

@book{ ehrman:1966a,
  author = {Madeline Ehrman},
  title = {The Meanings of the Modals in Present-day {A}merican
	{E}nglish},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  address = {The Hague},
  year = {1966},
  topic = {nl-modality;nl-modality;modal-auxiliaries;}  
  } 

@book{ eikmeyer-rieser:1981a,
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  title = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Berlin},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser, "Word
     		Semantics from Different Points of View: An
		Introduction to the Present Volume", pp. 1--18
     2. Max J. Cresswell, "Adverbs of Causation", pp. 21--37
     3. Angelika Kratzer, "The Notional Category of
     		Modality", pp. 38--74
     4. Peter R. Lutzeier, "Words and Worlds", pp. 75--106
     5. Ekkehard K\"onig, "The Meaning of Scalar Particles in
     		{G}erman", pp. 107--132
     6. Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser, "Meanings,
     		Intensions, and Stereotypes: A New Approach to
		Linguistic Semantics", pp. 133--150
     7. Michael Grabski, "Quotations as Indexicals and
     		Demonstratives", pp. 151--167
     8. John C. Bigelow, "Truth and Universals", pp. 168--189
     9. Burghard S. Rieger, "Feasible Fuzzy Semantics: On Some Problems
     		of How to Handle Word Meaning Empirically", pp. 193--209
    10. Joachim Ballweg and Helmut Frosh, "Formal Semantics for the
    		Progressive of Stative and Non-Stative
		Verbs", pp. 210--221
    11. Joachim Ballweg, "Simple Present Tense and Progressive
    		Periphrases in German", pp. 222--233
    12. Wolfgang Wildgen, "Archetypal Dynamics in Word Semantics: An
    		Application of Catastrophe Theory", pp. 234--296
    13. Thomas T. Ballmer and Waltraud Brennenstuhl, "An Empirical
    		Approach to Frametheory: Verb Thesausus
		Organization", pp. 297--319
    14. Dieter Mertzing, "Frame Representation and Lexical
    		Semantics", pp. 320--342
    15. Fritz Neubauer and Janos S. Pet\"ofi, "Word Semantics,
    		Lexical Systems, and Text Interpretations", pp. 343--377
    16. Horst Geckeler, "Structural Semantics", pp. 381--413
    17. Thomas T. Ballmer and Waltraud Brennenstuhl, "Lexical
    		Analysis and Language Theory", pp. 414--461
    18. Angelika Ballweg-Schramm, "Some Comments on Lexical Fields
    		and Their Use in Lexicography", pp. 462--468
    19. Manfred Pinkal, "Some Semantic and Pragmatic Properties
    		of {G}erman {\it glauben}", pp. 469--484
    20. Willis J. Edmonson, "Illocutionary Verbs, Illocutionary
    		Acts, and Conversational Behavior", pp. 485--494
    21. Walther Kindt, "Word Semantics and Conversational
    		Analysis", pp. 500--509
  } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;context;lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ eikmeyer-rieser:1981b,
  author = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  title = {Word Semantics from Different Points of View: An
		Introduction to the Present Volume},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {1--18},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ eikmeyer-rieser:1981c,
  author = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  title = {Meanings, Intensions, and Stereotypes: A New Approach to
		Linguistic Semantics},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {133--150},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {vagueness;context;dynamic-semantics;compositionality;
  	foundations-of-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ eikmeyer-rieser:1983a,
  author = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  title = {A Formal Theory of Context Dependence and Context Change},
  booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal},
  pages = {131--188},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {vagueness;context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ eikmeyer-rieser:1983b,
  author = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  title = {A Nominalistic Approach to Ambiguity and Vagueness Considered		from a Mildly {P}latonistic Point of View},
  booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal},
  pages = {393--422},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  contentnote = {This is based on the approach of scheffler:1982a.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@book{ eilan-etal:1993a,
  editor = {N. Eilan and R. McCarthy and  M. W. Brewer},
  title = {Spatial Representation:  Problems in Philosophy
		and Psychology},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {spatial-representation;}  
 } 

@article{ eisenhart:1989a,
  author = {K. Eisenhart},
  title = {Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review},
  journal = {Academy of Management Review},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--74},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {agent-modeling;autonomous-agents;}  
  } 

@book{ eiser:1984a,
  editor = {J. Richard Eiser},
  title = {Attitudinal Judgment},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387909117},
  topic = {social-psychology;attitudes-in-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ eiser:1986a,
  author = {J. Richard Eiser},
  title = {Social Psychology: Attitude, Cognition, and Social Behavior},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521326788},
  topic = {social-psychology;cognitive-psychology;attitudes-in-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ eisinger-etal:1991a,
  author = {Norbert Eisinger and Hans J\"urgen Ohlbach and Axel Pr\"acklein},
  title = {Reduction Rules For Resolution-Based Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {50},
  number = {2},
  pages = {141--181},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Inference rules for resolution-based systems can be classified
     into deduction rules, which add new objects, and reduction
     rules, which remove objects. Traditional reduction rules like
     subsumption do not actively contribute to a solution, but they
     help to avoid redundancies in the search space. We present a
     number of advanced reduction rules, which can cope with high
     degrees of redundancy and play a distinctly active part because
     they find trivial solutions on their own and thus relieve the
     control component for the deduction rules from low level tasks.
     We describe how these reduction rules can be implemented with
     reasonable efficiency in a clause graph resolution system, but
     they are not restricted to this particular representation. } ,
  topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;redundancy-elimination;}  
  } 

@incollection{ eisinger-olbach:1993a,
  author = {Norbert Eisinger and Hans J\"urgen Olbach},
  title = {Deduction Systems Based on Resolution},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and
  	Logic Programming, Volume 1: Deductive
		 Methodologies},
    editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and  J.A. Robinson},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  pages = {184--273},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1993},
  missinginfo = {ed's 1st name},
  topic = {kr;logic-in-AI-survey;theorem-proving;resolution
  	;kr-course;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ eisner:1996a,
  author = {Jason Eisner},
  title = {Efficient Normal-Form Parsing for Combinatory Categorial
  	Grammar},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {79--86},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;categorial-grammar;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ eisner:1997a,
  author = {Jason Eisner},
  title = {Eficient Generation in Primitive Optimality Theory},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {313--320},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-phonology;optimality-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ eisner:2000a,
  author = {Jason Eisner},
  title = {Review of {\it Optimality Theory}, by Ren\'e {K}ager},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {286--290},
  xref = {Review of: kager:1999a.},
  topic = {optimality-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ eiter-gottlob:1992a,
  author = {Thomas Eiter and Georg Gottlob},
  title = {On the Complexity of Propositional Knowledge Base Revision,
  	Updates, and Counterfactuals},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {57},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {227--270},
  topic = {kr;belief-revision;kr-complexity-analysis;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ eiter-gottlob:1993a,
  author = {Thomas Eiter and Georg Gottlob},
  title = {The Complexity of Nested Counterfactuals and Iterated
  	 Knowledge Base Revision},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {526--531},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;kr-complexity-analysis;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ eiter-gottlob:1995a,
  author = {Thomas Eiter and George Gottlob},
  title = {Semantics and Complexity of Abduction From Default Theories},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {870--877},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  xref = {Journal Publication:  eiter-etal:1997a.},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@article{ eiter-etal:1997a,
  author = {Thomas Eiter and Georg Gottlob and Nicola Leone},
  title = {Semantics and Complexity of Abduction from Default
  	Theories},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {90},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {177--233},
  topic = {abduction;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ eiter-etal:1998a,
  author = {Thomas Eiter and Nicola Leone and Cristinel Mateis
		and Gerald Pfeifer and Francesco Scarcello},
  title = {The {KR} System {\tt dlv}: Progress Report, Comparisons
		and Benchmarks},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {406--417},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;disjunctive-logic-programming;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ eiter-gottlob:1998a,
  author = {Thomas Eiter and Georg Gottlob},
  title = {On the Expressiveness of Frame Satisfiability and
  	Fragments of Second-Order Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {73--82},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ eiter:1999a,
  author = {Thomas Eiter},
  title = {Using the {DLV} System for {AI} Applications (Abstract)},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {disjunctive-logic-programming;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ eiter-etal:1999a,
  author = {Thomas Eiter and V.S. Subrahmanian and George Pick},
  title = {Heterogeneous Active Agents, {I}: Semantics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {108},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {179--255},
  topic = {agent-architectures;agent-oriented-programming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ eiter-etal:1999b,
  author = {Thomas Eiter and W. Faber and G. Gottlob and C. Koch
  		and C. Mateis and Nicola Leone and G. Pfeifer and
		F. Scarcello},
  title = {The {DLV} System},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {disjunctive-logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ eiter-etal:1999c,
  author = {Thomas Eiter and Toshehide Ibaraki and Kazuhisa Makino},
  title = {Computing Intersections of {H}orn Theories for
  		Reasoning with Models},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {110},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--101},
  topic = {model-construction;}  
  } 

@article{ eiter-subrahmanian:1999a,
  author = {Thomas Eiter and V.S. Subrahmanian},
  title = {Heterogeneous Active Agents, {II}: Algorithms
  	and Complexity},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {108},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {257--307},
  topic = {agent-architectures;agent-oriented-programming;
  	complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ eiter-etal:2000a,
  author = {Thomas Eiter and V.S. Subrahmanian and T.J. Rogers},
  title = {Heterogeneous Active Agents, {III}: Polynomially
  	Implementable Agents},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {117},
  number = {1},
  pages = {107--167},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In ``Heterogeneous active agents, I'' (Eiter et al., 1999), two of
     the authors have introduced techniques to build agents on top of
     arbitrary data structures, and to ``agentize'' new/existing
     programs.  They provided a series of successively more
     sophisticated semantics for such agent systems, and showed that
     as these semantics become epistemically more desirable, a
     computational price may need to be paid.  In this paper, we
     identify a class of agents that are called weakly
     regular---this is done by first identifying a fragment of agent
     programs (Eiter et al., 1999) called weakly regular agent
     programs (WRAPs for short).  It is shown that WRAPs are definable
     via three parameters---checking for a property called ``safety'',
     checking for a property called ``conflict-freedom'' and checking
     for a ``deontic stratifiability'' property.  Algorithms for each of
     these are developed. A weakly regular agent is then defined in
     terms of these concepts, and a regular agent is one that
     satisfies an additional boundedness property.  We then describe a
     polynomial algorithm that computes (under suitable assumptions)
     the reasonable status set semantics of regular agents---this
     semantics was identified by Eiter et al.  (1999) as being
     epistemically most desirable. Though this semantics is
     coNP-complete for arbitrary agent programs (Eiter and
     Subrahmanian, 1999), it is polynomially computable via our
     algorithm for regular agents.  Finally, we describe our
     implementation architecture and provide details of how we have
     implemented RAPs, together with experimental results.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;software-agents;kr;}  
  } 

@incollection{ eiter-etal:2000b,
  author = {Thomas Eiter and Wolfgang Faber and Nicola Leone and
     	Gerald Pfeifer},
  title = {Declarative Problem-Solving in {DLV}},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {79--103},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;kr;disjunctive-logic-programming;
  	problem-solving-architectures;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ eiter-lukasiewicz:2000a1,
  author = {Thomas Eiter and Thomas Lukasiewicz},
  title = {Complexity Results for Default Reasoning from Conditional
  	Knowledge Bases},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {62--73},
  xref = {Journal version: eiter-lukasiewicz:2000a1.},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ eiter-lukasiewicz:2000a2,
  author = {Thomas Eiter and Thomas Lukasiewicz},
  title = {Complexity Results for Default Reasoning from Conditional
  	Knowledge Bases},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {124},
  number = {2},
  pages = {169--241},
  xref = {Conference version: eiter-lukasiewicz:2000a1.},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ eiter-etal:2002a,
  author = {Thomas Eiter and Michael Fink and Giuliana Sabbatini and
  	Hans Tompits},
  title = {A Generic Approach to Knowledge-Based Information-Site
  	Selection},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {459--469},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;AI-and-the-internet;} 
  } 

@incollection{ eiter-lukasiewicz:2002a,
  author = {Thomas Eiter and Thomas Lukasiewicz},
  title = {Complexity Results for Explanations in the Structural-Model
  	Approach},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {49--60},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;causal-explanations;} 
  } 

@incollection{ ekbia-maguitman:2001a,
  author = {Hamid R. Ekbia and Ana G. Maguitman},
  title = {Context and Relevance: A Pragmatic Approach},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {156--169},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;relevance;}  
  } 

@book{ eklund:1991a,
  author = {Peter Eklund},
  title = {An Epistemic Approach to Interactive Design in Multiple
  	Inheritance Hierarchies},
  publisher = {Link\"oping University, Dept. of Computer and Information
                   Science},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Link\"oping},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
        The thesis explores the advantages of a marriage
	between a 'mixed dialogue' interaction metaphor and belief
	logics and in particular how the two can be used for
	multiple inheritance hierarchy design.  The result is a
	design aid which produces critiques of multiple inheritance
	hierarchies in terms of their logical consequences. The
	work draws on a number of theoretical issues in artificial
	intelligence, namely belief logics and multiple inheritance
	reasoning, applying 'belief sets' to dialogue and using
	multiple inheritance hierarchy design as a specific
	application. The work identifies three design modes for the
	interface which reflect the intuitions of multiple
	inheritance hierarchy design and conform to an existing
	user modeling framework. A major survey of multiple
	inheritance hierarchies leads to the allocation of a
	precise inheritance semantics for each of these design
	modes. The semantics enable a definitionof [sic] entailment
	in each, and are in turn used to determine the translation
	from inheritance networks to belief sets. The formal
	properties of belief sets imply that when an ambiguous
	inheritance network is encountered more than than [sic] one
	belief set must be created. Each belief set provides an
	alternative interpretation of the logical consequences of
	the inheritance heirarchy [sic]. A 'situations matrix'
	provides the basic referent data structure for the system
	we describe. Detailed examples of multiple inheritance
	construction demonstrate that a significant design aid
	results from an explicit representation of operator beliefs
	and their internalization using an epistemic logic.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ ekman_p-friesen:1969a,
  author = {Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen},
  title = {The Repertoire of Nonverbal Behavior: Categories,
	Origins, Usage, and Coding},
  journal = {Semiotica},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49--98},
  year = {1969},
  topic = {nonverbal-behavior;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ ekman_p-friesen:1975a,
  author = {Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen},
  title = {Unmasking the Face: A Guide To Recognizing Emotions From Facial
    Clues},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {013938183X},
  topic = {emotion;facial-expression;}  
 } 

@book{ ekman_p-friesen:1978a,
  author = {Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen},
  title = {Facial Action Coding System},
  publisher = {Consulting Psychologists Press},
  address = {Palo Alto, CA},
  year = {1978},
  topic = {facial-expression;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ekman_p:1979a,
  author = {Paul Ekman},
  title = {About Brows: Emotional and Conversational Signals},
  editor = {M. von Cranach and K. Foppa and W. Lepenies and D.
	Ploog},
  booktitle = {Human Ethology: Claims and Limits of a New
  	Discipline: Contributions to the Colloquium},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge},
  year = {1979},
  pages = {169--202},
  topic = {emotion;facial-expression;}  
  } 

@book{ ekman_p:1982a,
  editor = {Paul Ekman},
  title = {Emotion in the Human Face},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {0521239923},
  topic = {emotion;facial-expression;}  
 } 

@article{ ekman_p-friesen:1982a,
  author = {Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen},
  title = {Felt, False, and Miserable Smiles},
  journal = {Journal of Nonverbal Behavior},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {238--252},
  year = {1982},
  topic = {facial-expression;emotion;}  
  } 

@book{ ekman_p:1985a,
  author = {Paul Ekman},
  title = {Telling Lies: Clues to Deceit in the Marketplace, Politics, and
    Marriage},
  publisher = {Norton},
  year = {1985},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0393018830},
  topic = {deception;}  
 } 

@book{ ekman_p-etal:1985a,
  author = {Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen and Phoebe Ellsworth},
  title = {Emotion in the Human Face: Guide-Lines for Research and an
     Integration of Findings},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1972},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0080166431},
  topic = {emotion;facial-expression;}  
 } 

@article{ ekman_p:1990a,
  author = {Paul Ekman and Richard J. Davidson and Wallace V.
	Friesen},
  title = {The Duchenne Smile: Emotional Expression and Brain
	Physiology {II}},
  journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
  volume = {58},
  number = {2},
  pages = {342--353},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {emotion;facial-expression;}  
  } 

@article{ ekman_p:1992a,
  author = {Paul Ekman},
  title = {An Argument for Basic Emotions},
  journal = {Cognition and Emotion},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3/4},
  pages = {169--200},
  year = {1992},
  topic = {emotions;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ ekman_p:1997a,
  author = {Paul Ekman},
  title =  {What the Face Reveals: Basic and Applied Studies of Spontaneous
    Expression Using the Facial Action Coding System ({FACS})},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0195104463},
  topic = {facial-expression;}  
 } 

@article{ elbourne:2001a,
  author = {Paul Elbourne},
  title = {E-Type Anaphora as {NP}-Deletion},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {241--288},
  topic = {donkey-anaphora;} 
  } 

@book{ elcock-michie:1977a,
  editor = {W.E. Elcock and Donald Michie},
  title = {Machine Intelligence 8},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Chichester},
  ISBN = {085224195X},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
 } 

@techreport{ elgotdrapkin:1988a,
  author = {Jennifer Elgot-Drapkin},
  title = {Step-Logic: Reasoning Situated in Time},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland},
  number = {CS-TR-2156},
  year = {1988},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@techreport{ elgotdrapkin:1988b,
  author = {Jennifer Elgot-Drapkin},
  title = {Reasoning Situated in Time: Basic Concepts},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland},
  number = {CS-TR-2016},
  year = {1988},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ elgotdrapkin-perlis:1988a,
  author = {Jennifer Elgot-Drapkin and Donald Perlis},
  title = {Reasoning Situated in Time},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	University of Maryland},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;reasoning-in-time;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ elgotdrapkin:1991a,
  author = {Jennifer Elgot-Drapkin},
  title = {Step-Logic and the Three-Wise-Men Problem},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown},
  pages = {412--417},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ elgotdrapkin-etal:1991a,
  author = {Jennifer Elgot-Drapkin and Michael Miller and and Donald
		Perlis},
  title = {Memory, Reason, and Time: the Step-Logic Approach},
  booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock},
  pages = {79--103},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;reasoning-in-time;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ elgotdrapkin-etal:1996a,
  author = {Jennifer Elgot-Drapkin and Sarit Kraus and Michael Miller
  	and Madhura Nirke and Donald Perlis},
  title = {Active Logics: A Unified Formal Approach to Episodic
  	Reasoning},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	University of Maryland.},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;foundations-of-AI;active-logic;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ elhadad:1992a,
  author = {Michael Elhadad},
  title = {Using Argumentation to Control Lexical Choice: A Functional
		  Unification Implementation},
  school = {Computer Science Department, Columbia University},
  year = {1992},
  topic = {lexical-choice;nl-generation;}  
} 

@incollection{ elhadad-robin:1992a,
  author = {Michael Elhadad and Jacques Robin},
  title = {Controlling Content Realization with Functional
  	Unification Grammar},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
  	Natural Language Generation, Trento, Italy},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {89--104},
  editor = {Robert Dale and Eduard Hovy and Dieter Roesner and
  	Oliviero Stock},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  topic = {nl-generation;nl-realization;unification;}  
} 

@techreport{ elhalad:1991a,
  author = {Michael Elhadad},
  year = {1991},
  title = {{FUF}: the Universal Unifier User Manual Version 5.0},
  institution = {Columbia University},
  number = {CUCS-038-91},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
} 

@unpublished{ elio-pelletier:1995a,
  author = {Ren\'ee Elio and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  title = {A Study of Belief Update Theories},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Univesity of Alberta.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@book{ elithorn-jones:1973a,
  editor = {Alick Elithorn and David Jones},
  title = {Artificial and Human Thinking},
  publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
  year = {1973},
  address = {San Francisco},
  ISBN = {087589156X},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;}  
 } 

@article{ elkan:1990a,
  author = {Charles Elkan},
  title = {A Rational Reconstruction of Nonmonotonic Truth
  	Maintenance Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {43},
  number = {2},
  pages = {219--234},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The main contribution of this paper is a precise
     characterization of the inferences performed by nonmonotonic
     truth maintenance systems (TMSs), using two standard
     nonmonotonic formalisms: logic programming with the stable set
     semantics and autoepistemic logic. The paper also contains an
     analysis of the role of dependency-directed backtracking in
     dealing with contradictions, and a proof that implementing a
     nonmonotonic TMS is an NP-complete problem.
  } ,
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;truth-maintenance;backtracking;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ elkan:1991a,
  author = {Charles Elkan},
  title = {Formalizing Causation in First-Order Logic},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning},
  year = {1991},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ elkan:1991b,
  author = {Charles Elkan},
  title = {Reasoning about Action in First-Order Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference of the {C}anadian
  	{S}ociety for {C}omputational {S}tudies of {I}ntelligence ({CSCSI})},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {221--227},
  organization = {Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufman},
  address = {San Francisco},
  missinginfo = {Editor},
  topic = {planning-formalisms;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ elkan:1993a,
  author = {Charles Elkan},
  title = {The Paradoxical Success of Fuzzy Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert},
  pages = {698--703},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;foundations-of-AI;fuzzy-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ elkan:1995a,
 author = {Charles Elkan},
 title = {On Solving the Qualification Problem},
 booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theories and Applications},
 year = {1995},
 organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
 address = {Menlo Park, California},
 missinginfo = {pages},
 topic = {kr;qualification-problem;context;kr-course;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ elkan:1995b,
 author = {Charles Elkan},
 title = {Formalizing Counterfactual and Nondeterministic Actions in
 	First Order Logic},
 booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theories and Applications},
 year = {1995},
 organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
 address = {Menlo Park, California},
 missinginfo = {pages},
 topic = {actions;nondeterministic-action;counterfactuals;action-formalisms;}  
 } 

@article{ elliot-brzezinski:1998a,
  author = {Clark Elliot and Jacek Brzezinski},
  title = {Autonomous Agents as Synthetic Characters},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {13--30},
  topic = {autonomous-agents;synthesized-emotions;simulated-characters;}  
  } 

@incollection{ elliott_j-etal:2000a,
  author = {John Elliott and Eric Antwell and Bill Whyte},
  title = {Increasing our Ignorance of Language: Identifying Language
	     Structure in an Unknown `Signal'\,},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {25--30},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;communication-with-aliens;}  
  } 

@book{ ellis_a-harper_ra:1961a,
 author = {Albert Ellis and Robert A. Harper},
 title = {A Guide to Rational Living},
 publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
 year = {1961},
 address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
 topic = {decision-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ellis_b:1965a,
  author = {Brian Ellis},
  title = {The Origin and Nature of {N}ewton's Laws of Motion},
  booktitle = {Beyond the Edge of Certainty: Essays in Contemporary
       Science and Philosophy},
  editor = {Robert G. Colodny},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.},
  year = {1965},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;}  
  } 

@article{ ellis_b:1973a,
  author = {Brian Ellis},
  title = {The Logic of Subjective Probability},
  journal = {British Journal for the Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {125--152},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ ellis_b:1976a,
  author = {Brian Ellis},
  title = {Epistemic Foundations of Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {187--204},
  topic = {probability-semantics;epistemic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ ellis_b-etal:1977a,
  author = {Brian Ellis and Frank Jackson and Robert Pargetter},
  title = {An Objection to Possible-World Semantics for Counterfactual
  	Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {355--357},
  contentnote = {The objection is based on disjunctive antecedents.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ ellis_b:1978a,
  author = {Brian Ellis},
  title = {A Unified Theory of Conditionals},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {107--124},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ ellis_b:1979a,
  author = {Brian Ellis},
  title = {Rational Belief Systems},
  publisher = {Rowman and Littlefield},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Totowa, New Jersey},
  topic = {probability-semantics;epistemic-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ ellis_b:1982a,
  author = {Brian Ellis},
  title = {Reply to {S}orensem},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {461--462},
  topic = {epistemic-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ ellis_b:1991a,
  author = {Rod Ellis},
  title = {Data Abstraction and Program Design},
  publisher = {Pitman},
  year = {1991},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0273032577 (pbk)},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@book{ ellis_c:1989a,
  author = {Charlie Ellis},
  title = {Expert Knowledge and Explanation: The Knowledge-Language
  	Interface},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Chichester},
  ISBN = {0745801668},
  topic = {expert-systems;HCI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ellis_d:1983a,
  author = {Donald G. Ellis},
  title = {Language, Coherence, and Textuality},
  booktitle = {Conversational Coherence:  Form, Structure and Strategy},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey},
  pages = {222--240},
  address = {London},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ ellis_j:1989a,
  author = {John M. Ellis},
  title = {Against Deconstruction},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {Buy this?  Attempts a rational arg against deconstruction.
  	Recommended by Poser.},
  topic = {deconstructionism;literary-criticism;postmodernism;
  	poststructuralism;}  
 } 

@book{ ellis_sr:1991a,
  editor = {Stephen R. Ellis},
  title = {Pictorial Communication in Virtual and Real Environments},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  year = {1991},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0748400087},
  topic = {virtual-reality;HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ ellison:1997a,
  editor = {T. Mark Ellison},
  title = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1.  Amit Bagga and Joyce Yue Chai, "A Trainable Message
		Understanding System"
	2.  Mary Elaine Calif and Raymond J. Mooney, "Relational
		Learning of Pattern-Match Rules for Information
		Extraction"
        3.  Wide R. Hogenbout and Yuji Matsumoto, "A Preliminary
		Study of Word Clustering Based on Syntactic Behavior"
        4.  Ji Donghong and He Jun and Huang Changning, "Learning
		New Compositions from Given Ones"
        5.  Mehmet Kayaalp and Ted Pedersen and Rebecca Bruce, "A
		Statistical Decision Making Method: A Case Study
		on Prepositional Attachment"
        6.  Emin Erkan Korkmaz and G\"okt\"urk \"U\c{c}oluk, "A
		Method for Improving Automatic Word Categorization"
        7.  Montse Maritxalar and Arantza D\'iaz de Ilarraza and
		Maite Oronez, "From Psychologic Modeling of
		Interlanguage in Second Language Acquisition to a
		Computational Model"
        8.  Laura Mayfield Tomokiyo and Klaus Ries, "What Makes a
		Word: Learning Base Units in {J}apanese for Speech
		Recognition"
        9.  Ramin Charles Nakisa and Kim Plunkett, "Evolution of a
		Rapidly Learned Representation for Speech"
        10.  Miles Osborne and Ted Briscoe, "Learning Stochastic
		Categorial Grammars"
        11.  David M.W. Powers, "Learning and Application of
		Differential Grammars"
        12.  Jennifer Rodd, "Recurrent Neural-Network Learning of
		Phonological Regularities in {T}urkish"
        13.  Khalil Sima'an, "Recurrent Neural-Network Learning of
		Phonological Regularities in {T}urkish"
        14.  Christoph Tilman and Hermann Ney, "Explanation-Based
		Learning of Data-Oriented Parsing"
        15.  Werner Winiwarter and Yahiko Kambayashi, "A Comparative
		Study of the Application of Different Learning
		Techniques to Natural Language Interface"
        16.  Jakub Zavrel and Walter Daelemans and Jorn Veenstra,
		"Resolving PP Attachment Ambiguities with
		Memory-Based Learning"
  	},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;word-acquisition;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ellsberg:1988a,
  author = {Daniel Ellsberg},
  title = {Risk, Ambiguity, and the {S}avage Axioms},
  booktitle = {Decision, Probability, Utility:  Selected Readings},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors and Nils-Eric Sahlin},
  pages = {245--269},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {decision-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ elmi:1998a,
  author = {Mohammad Ali Elmi and Martha Evens},
  title = {Spelling Correction using Context},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {360--364},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {spelling-correction;context;}  
} 

@book{ elster:1985a,
  author = {Jon Elster},
  title = {Ulysses and the Sirens: Studies in Rationality and
  	Irrationality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {rationality;}  
 } 

@book{ elster:1985b,
  author = {Jon Elster},
  title = {Sour Grapes},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1985},
  series = {Studies in Rationality and Social Change},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {rationality;}  
 } 

@book{ elster:1987a,
  author = {Jon Elster},
  title = {The Multiple Self},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1987},
  series = {Studies in Rationality and Social Change},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {rationality;}  
 } 

@book{ elster:1989a,
  author = {Jon Elster},
  title = {Solomonic Judgements: Studies in the Limitation of
  	Rationality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {rationality;}  
 } 

@book{ elster-hylland:1989a,
  author = {Jon Elster and Aanund Hylland},
  title = {The Foundations of Social Choice Theory},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1989},
  series = {Studies in Rationality and Social Change},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {rationality;social-choice-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ elster-roemer:1993a,
  editor = {Jon Elster and John E. Roemer},
  title = {Interpersonal Comparisons of Well-Being},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  series = {Studies in Rationality and Social Change},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {rationality;}  
 } 

@book{ elster:1999a,
  author = {Jon Elster},
  title = {Alchemies of the Mind: Rationality and the Emotions},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052164487-9 (Pbk)},
  xref = {Review: solomon:2001a.},
  topic = {emotion;rationality;}  
 } 

@book{ elster:1999b,
  author = {Jon Elster},
  title = {Strong Feelings: Emotion, Addiction, and Human Behavior},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-05056-0},
  xref = {Review: charland:2001a.},
  topic = {emotion;addiction;}  
 } 

@book{ elster-skog:1999a,
  editor = {Jon Elster and Ole-J{\o}rgen Skog},
  title = {Getting Hooked},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052164008-3},
  topic = {rationality;addiction;}  
 } 

@book{ elster:2000a,
  author = {Jon Elster},
  title = {Strong Feelings: Emotion, Addiction and Human Behavior},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-55036-9},
  xref = {Review: charland:2001a.},
  topic = {emotion;addiction;}  
 } 

@book{ elster:2000b,
  author = {Jon Elster},
  title = {Ulysses Unbound},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052166561-2 (pbk)},
  topic = {rationality;limited-rationality;}  
 } 

@article{ elworthy:1995a,
  author = {David A.H. Elworthy},
  title = {A Theory of Semantic Information},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {297--332},
  contentnote = {Develops a theory of shared information that is different
     from that of dynamic logic and DRT.  There is also a theory of
     context.  Read this.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;context;plural;donkey-anaphora;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ embleton:1991a,
  author = {Sheila Embleton},
  title = {Names and Their Substitutes: Onomastic Observations on
  	Ast\'erix and Its Translations},
  journal = {Target},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {175--206},
  topic = {humor;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ emele-dorna:1998a,
  author = {Martin C. Emele and Michael Dorna},
  title = {Ambiguity Preserving Machine Translation using Packed
  	Representations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {365--371},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {machine-translation;ambiguity;}  
} 

@article{ emerson-clarke:1982a,
  author = {{E. Allen} Emerson and E.M. Clarke},
  title = {Using Branching Time Temporal Logic to Synthesize Temporal
  	Skeletons},
  journal = {Science of Computer Programming},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {241--266},
  missinginfo = {Is this reference correct?},
  title = {\,`Sometimes' and `Not Ever' Revisited: On Branching vs.
  	Linear Time},
  institution = {{IBM} Research Laboratory},
 number = {RJ 4197},
  year = {1984},
  address = {San Jose, California},
  title = {Decision Procedures and Expressiveness in the Temporal
  	Logic of Branching Time},
  journal = {Journal of Computer and System Sciences},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {30},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--24},
  title = {\,`Sometimes' and `Not Never' Revisited: On Branching
  	Versus Linear Time Temporal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of the {ACM}},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {33},
  number = {1},
  pages = {151--178},
  title = {Branching Time Temporal Logic},
  booktitle = {Linear Time. Branching Time and Partial Order in
		Logics and Models for Concurrency},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {J.W. de Bakker and W.P. de Roever and G.
	Rozenburg},
  pages = {123--172},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {A's, E's 1st name.},
  topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;branching-time;tmix-project;
	concurrency;}  
  } 

@incollection{ emerson:1990a,
  author = {{E. Allen} Emerson},
  title = {Temporal and Modal Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science.  Volume B},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Jan {van Leeuwen}},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  pages = {995--1072},
  topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;tmix-project;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ emerson-sistla:1994a,
  author = {{E. Allen} Emerson and A.P. Sistla},
  title = {Deciding Branching Time Logic},
  booktitle = {Sixteenth Annual {ACM} Symposium on Theory of
  	Computing},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {14--24},
  organization = {ACM},
  missinginfo = {publisher, address},
  title = {Narrative Comprehension: A Discourse Perspective},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-19-823868-1 (hardback), 0-19-923649-2 (paperback)},
  topic = {narrative-understanding;discourse-analysis
  	fictional-characters;narrative-genre;}  
 } 

@incollection{ emms:1997a,
  author = {Martin Emms},
  title = {Models for Polymorphic {L}ambek Calculus},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {168--187},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;Lambek-calculus;}  
  } 

@article{ emonds_b:2000a,
  author = {Bruce Emonds},
  title = {The Constructability of Artificial Intelligence (As
  	Defined by the {T}uring Test},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {419--424},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ emonds_j:1972a,
  author = {Joseph Emonds},
  title = {A Reformulation of Certain Syntactic Transformations},
  booktitle = {Goals of Linguistic Theory},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Stanley Peters},
  pages = {21--61},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;}  
  } 

@book{ emonds_j:1976a,
  author = {Joseph Emonds},
  title = {A Transformational Approach to {E}nglish Syntax},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1978},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;}  
 } 

@book{ empiricus:1998a,
  author = {Sextus Empiricus},
  title = {Against the Grammarians},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Translated by D.L. BLank.  Introduction and commentary.},
  xref = {Review: sakezles:2001a.},
  topic = {Hellenistic-philosophy;skepticism;philosophy-of-linguistics;} 
 } 

@article{ enc:1986a,
  author = {M\"urvet En\c{c}},
  title = {Towards a Referential Analysis of Temporal Expressions},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {405--426},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-to-logic-mapping;nl-tense;}  
  } 

@incollection{ enc:1996a,
  author = {M\"urvet En\c{c}},
  title = {Tense and Modality},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {345--358},
  topic = {nl-tense;nl-modality;}  
  } 

@article{ enderton:1995a,
  author = {Herbert B. Enderton},
  title = {In Memorium, {A}lonzo {C}hurch, 1903--1995},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {486--488},
  topic = {Church;}  
  } 

@article{ enderton:1998a,
  author = {Herbert B. Enderton},
  title = {Alonzo {C}hurch and the Reviews},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {172--180},
  topic = {Church;history-of-logic;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ engdahl:1980a,
  author = {Elizabet Engdahl},
  title = {The Syntax and Semantics of Questions in {S}wedish},
  school = {Linguistics Department, University of Massachusetts},
  year = {1980},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  topic = {interrgatives;nl-semantics;Swedish-language;}  
 } 

@article{ engdahl:1982a,
  author = {Elizabet Engdahl},
  title = {A Note on the Use of Lambda Conversion in Generalized
  	Phrase Structure Grammars},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {505--515},
  topic = {GPSG;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ engdahl:1983a,
  author = {Elizabet Engdahl},
  title = {Parasitic Gaps},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--34},
  topic = {parasitic-gaps;anaphora;ellipsis;}  
  } 

@book{ engdahl:1986a,
  author = {Elizabet Engdahl},
  title = {Constituent Questions},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {interrogatives;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ engdahl:1988a,
  author = {Elizabet Engdahl},
  title = {Relational Interpretation},
  booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and
  	Reality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Ruth Kempson},
  pages = {63--82},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {situation-semantics;interrogatives;nl-quantifier-scope;}  
  } 

@incollection{ engdahl:1990a,
  author = {Elizabet Engdahl},
  title = {Argument Roles and Anaphora},
  booktitle = {Situation Theory and Its Applications, Volume 1},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Robin Cooper and Kuniaki Mukai and John Perry},
  pages = {379--393},
  address = {Standford, California},
  note = {CSLI Lecture Notes, Number 22.},
  topic = {thematic-roles;anaphora;}  
  } 

@incollection{ engdahl-vallduvi:1994a,
        author = {Elisabeth Engdahl and Enric Vallduv\'{\i}},
        title = {Information Packaging and Grammar Architecture: A
                Constraint-Based Approach},
        year = {1994},
        editor = {Elisabeth Engdahl},
        booktitle = {Integrating information structure into
                constraint-based and categorial approaches},
        pages = {39--79},
        publisher = {ILLC},
        address = {Amsterdam},
        note = {DYANA-2 Report R.1.3.B},
  topic = {situation-semantics;information-packaging;}  
 } 

@article{ engdahl:2000a,
  author = {Elizabet Engdahl},
  title = {Editorial: Is {JoLLI} a Journal for Linguists?},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {141--142},
  topic = {logic-and-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ engel:1984a,
  author = {Pascal Engel},
  title = {Functionalism, Belief, and Content},
  booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects
  	of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Steve B. Torrance},
  pages = {51--63},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {belief;propositional-attitudes;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@incollection{ engelberg:1979a,
  author = {Klaus-J\"urgen Engelberg},
  title = {A New Approach to Formal Syntax},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {226--265},
  topic = {nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@incollection{ engelfriet-treur:1994a,
  author = {Joeri Engelfriet and Jan Treur},
  title = {Temporal Theories of Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce},
  pages = {279--299},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ engelfriet-etal:1996a,
  author = {Joeri Engelfriet and V. Wiktor Marek and Jan Treur and
    	  Miroslaw Truszczynski},
  title = {Infinitary Default Logic for
	  Specification of Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop,
  	{Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3,
	1996.},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska},
  pages = {224--236},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {default-logic;infinitary-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ engelfriet-treur:1998a,
  author = {Joeri Engelfriet and Jan Treur},
  title = {An Interpretation of Default Logic in Minimal Temporal
  	Epistemic Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {369--388},
  topic = {modal-logic;default-logic;temporal-logic;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ engelfriet-venema:1998a,
  author = {Joeri Engelfriet and Yde Venema},
  title = {A Modal Logic of Information Change},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {125--131},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;communication-models;}  
  } 

@article{ engelfriet-etal:2002a,
  author = {Joel Engelfriet and Catholijn Jonker and Jan Treur},
  title = {Compositional Verification of Multi-Agent in Temporal 
  	Multi-Epistemic Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {195--225},
  topic = {multiagent-systems;epistemic-logic;temporal-logic;} 
  } 

@article{ engelfriet-treur:2002a,
  author = {Joeri Engelfriet and Jan Treur},
  title = {Linear, Branching Time and Joint Closure Semantics
  	for Temporal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {389--425},
  topic = {temporal-logic;branching-time;tmix-project;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ engelhardt-etal:1998a,
  author = {Kai Engelhardt and Ron {von Meyden} and Yoram Moses},
  title = {Knowledge and the Logic of Distributed Propositions},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {29--41},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;propositional-quantification;
  	epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ engelson-dagan:1996a,
  author = {Sean Engelson and Ido Dagan},
  title = {Minimizing Manual Annotation Cost in Supervised Training
  	from Corpora},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {319--326},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ engesser-gabbay:2002a,
  author = {Kurt Engesser and Dov M. Gabbay},
  title = {Quantum Logic, {H}ilbert Space, Revision Theory},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {136},
  number = {1},
  pages = {61--100},
  topic = {quantum-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;belief-revision;} 
  } 

@book{ englefield:1990a,
  author = {Ronald Englefield},
  title = {Critique of Pure Verbiage: Essays on Abuses of Language in
  	Literary, Religious and Philosophical Writings},
  publisher = {Open Court},
  note = {Edited by G.A. Wells and D.R. Oppenheimer.},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Peru, Illinois},
  ISBN = {0-8126-9107-5},
  topic = {meaningfuless-in-style;philosophy-essays;} 
 } 

@book{ enis-broome:1971a,
  author = {Ben M. Enis and Charles L. Broome},
  title = {Marketing decisions: a {B}ayesian approach},
  publisher = {Intext Educational Publishers},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Scranton},
  topic = {decision-analysis;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ennals-briggs:1984a,
  author = {Richard Ennals and Jonathan Briggs},
  title = {Logic and Programming},
  booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects
  	of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Steve B. Torrance},
  pages = {133--144},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {logic=programming;problem-solving;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ennis:1982a,
  author = {S.P. Ennis},
  title = {Expert Systems, a User's Perspective to Some Current
		Tools},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {319--321},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {expert-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ entwisle-powers:1998a,
  author = {Jim Entwisle and David Powers},
  title = {The Present Use of Statistics in the Evaluation of {NLP} 
  		Parsers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {215--224},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;nlp-evaluation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ephrati-etal:1995a,
  author = {Eithan Ephrati and Martha Pollack and Sigalit Ur},
  title = {Deriving Multi-Agent Coordination Through Filtering
  	Strategies},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {679--685},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {distributed-AI;filtering;}  
  } 

@article{ ephrati-rosenschein_j:1996a,
  author = {Eithan Ephrati and Jeffrey S. Rosenschein},
  title = {Deriving Consensus in Multiagent Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {87},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {21--74},
  topic = {distributed-AI;voting-procedures;welfare-economics;}  
  } 

@book{ epstein_rj:1987a,
  author = {R.J. Epstein},
  title = {A History of Econometrics},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {history-of-economics;}  
 } 

@book{ epstein_rl-carnielli:1989a,
  author = {Richard L Epstein and Walter A. Carnielli},
  title = {Computable Functions, Logic, and the Foundations of
  	Mathematics},
  publisher = {Wadsworth \& Cole Advanced Books and Software},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Pacific Grove},
  xref = {Review: dipriso:2002a.},
  topic = {computability;goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;} 
 } 

@book{ epstein_rl-carnielli:2000a,
  author = {Richard L Epstein and Walter A. Carnielli},
  title = {Computable Functions, Logic, and the Foundations of
  	Mathematics},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {Wadsworth \& Cole Advanced Books and Software},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Pacific Grove},
  xref = {Review: dipriso:2002a.},
  topic = {computability;goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;} 
 } 

@article{ epstein_sd:1998a,
  author = {Samuel David Epstein},
  title = {Overt Scope Marking and Covert Verb-Second},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  pages = {181--227},
  topic = {nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@article{ epstein_sl:1998a,
  author = {Susan L. Epstein},
  title = {Pragmatic Navigation: Reactivity, Heuristics, and Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {100},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {275--322},
  topic = {search;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ epstein_ss:1975a,
  author = {Samuel S. Epstein},
  title = {A Study of {\em Even}},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of California at
  	San Diego.},
  topic = {`even';}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ epstein_ss:1975b,
  author = {Samuel S. Epstein},
  title = {Investigations in Pragmatic Theory},
  school = {Linguistics Department, University of San Diego},
  year = {1975},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {La Jolla, California},
  topic = {pragmatics;discourse;presupposition;negation;}  
 } 

@book{ ericsson-simon_ha:1984a,
  author = {Anders K. Ericsson and Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports As Data},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262050293},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;empirical-methods-in-cogsci;
  	protocol-analysis;}  
 } 

@article{ eriksson_h-etal:1995a,
  author = {Henrik Eriksson and Yuval Shahar and Samson W. Tu and
  	Angel R. Puerta and Mark A. Musen},
  title = {Task Modeling With Reusable Problem-Solving Methods},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {79},
  number = {2},
  pages = {293--326},
  topic = {plan-reuse;}  
  } 

@book{ eriksson_lh-etal:1992a,
  editor = {Lars-Henrik Eriksson and Lars Halln\"as and Peter
  	Schroeder-Heister},
  title = {Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on
  	Extensions of Logic Programming, {ELP}'91},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {354055498X},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
 } 

@article{ erman-etal:1980a1,
  author = {Lee Erman and Frederick Hayes-Roth and Victor Lesser and
          D. Raj Reddy},
  title = {The Hearsay-{II} Speech-Understanding
          System: Integrating Knowledge to Resolve
          Uncertainty},
  journal = {Computing Surveys},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {213--253},
  xref = {Republication: erman-etal:1980a2.},
  topic = {speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ erman-etal:1980a2,
  author = {Lee Erman and Frederick Hayes-Roth and Victor Lesser and
          D. Raj Reddy},
  title = {The Hearsay-{II} Speech-Understanding
          System: Integrating Knowledge to Resolve
          Uncertainty},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {349-389},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: erman-etal:1980a1.},
  topic = {speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@book{ ermann-etal:1990a,
  editor = {M. David Ermann and Mary B. Williams and Claudio Gutierrez},
  title = {Computers, Ethics, and Society},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {019505850X (paper)},
  topic = {social-impact-of-computation;}  
 } 

@book{ ermann-etal:1997a,
  editor = {M. David Ermann and Mary B. Williams and Michele S. Shauf},
  title = {Computers, Ethics, and Society},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  edition = {2},
  year = {1997},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {019510756X (paper)},
  topic = {social-impact-of-computation;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ erol-etal:1992a,
  author = {K. Erol and D. Nau and V.S. Subramanian},
  title = {On the Complexity of Domain Independent Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
  pages = {381--386},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;planning;}  
  } 

@article{ erol-etal:1995a,
  author = {Kutluhan Erol and Dana S. Nau and V.S. Subrahmanian},
  title = {Complexity, Decidability and Undecidability Results for
  	Domain-Independent Planning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {75--88},
  topic = {planning;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ erteschikshir:1986a,
  author = {Nomi Erteschik-Shir},
  title = {Wh-Questions and Focus},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {117--149},
  topic = {interrogatives;sentence-focus;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ervin-tripp:1976b,
  author = {S. Ervin-Tripp},
  title = {Children's Verbal Turn-Taking},
  booktitle = {Developmental Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {E. Ochs and B.B. Schieffelin},
  pages = {391--414},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name},
  topic = {sociolinguistics;conversation-analysis;turn-taking;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ervin-tripp:1981a,
  author = {S. Ervin-Tripp},
  title = {How to Make and Understand a Request},
  booktitle = {Possibilities and Limitations of Pragmatics: Proceedings
  	of the Conference at Urbino, July 8--14, 1979},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {H. Parret and M. Sbis\`a and J. Verschueren},
  pages = {195--210},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {sociolinguistics;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ ervintripp:1976a,
  author = {S. Ervin-Tripp},
  title = {Is {S}ybil There? The Structure of American {E}nglish
  	Directives},
  journal = {Language in Society},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {25--66},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {imperatives;speech-acts;pragmatics;sociolinguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ erwin:1984a,
  author = {Edward Erwin},
  title = {Establishing Causal Connections: Meta-Analysis and
  	Psychotherapy},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {421--436},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;psychotherapy;}  
  } 

@article{ escaladaimaz-ghallab:1988a,
  author = {Gonzalo Escalada-Imaz and Malik Ghallab},
  title = {A Practically Efficient and Almost Linear Unification
  	Algorithm},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {36},
  number = {2},
  pages = {249--263},
  topic = {unification;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ eschenbach:1995a,
  author = {C. Eschenbach},
  title = {An Algebraic Approach to Granularity in Qualitative Space
  	and Time Representation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {894--900},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {granularity;spatial-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ escudero-etal:2000a,
  author = {Gerard Escudero and LLu\'is M\`arquez and German Rigau},
  title = {A Comparison between Supervised Learning Algorithms
	     for Word Sense Disambiguation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {31--36},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;disambiguation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ eshghi:1988a,
  author = {Kave Eshghi},
  title = {Abductive Planning with Event Calculus},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming: Proceedings of the Fifth International
  	Conference and Symposium, Volume 1},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Robert A. Kowalski and Kenneth A. Bowen},
  pages = {562--579},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {planning;abduction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ eshghi-kowalski:1989a,
  author = {Kave Eshghi and Robert A. Kowalski},
  title = {Abduction Compared with Negation by Failure},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming: Proceedings of the Sixth International
  	Conference},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {234--254},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {negation-as-failure;abduction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ eshgli:1991a,
  author = {Kave Eshgli},
  title = {Computing Stable Models by Using the {ATMS}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown},
  pages = {272--277},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;stable-models;}  
  } 

@incollection{ esposito-etal:2000a,
  author = {F. Esposito and S. Ferelli and N. Fanizzi and G.
  	Semeraro},
  title = {Learning from Parsed Sentences with 
	{INTHELEX}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {194--198},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;text-skimming;
  	information-extraction;knowledge-representation;}  
  } 

@book{ estes:1975a,
  editor = {W.K. Estes},
  title = {Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {learning;cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ estes:1997a,
  editor = {W.K. Estes},
  title = {Classifation and Cognition},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-19-510974-0 (paperback), 0-19-507335-5 (hardback)},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ estlin-mooney:1996a,
  author = {Tara A. Estlin and Rymond J. Mooney},
  title = {Multi-Strategy Learning of Search Control for
  	Partial-Order Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {843--848},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {planning;machine-learning;search;}  
  } 

@article{ etchemendy:1983a,
  author = {John Etchemendy},
  title = {The Doctrine of Logic as Form},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {319--334},
  topic = {logical-form;philosophy-of-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ etchemendy:1988a,
  author = {John Etchemendy},
  title = {Models, Semantics and Logical Truth},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--106},
  topic = {logical-consequence;}  
  } 

@book{ etchemendy:1990a,
  author = {John Etchemendy},
  title = {The Concept of Logical Consequence},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: mcgee:2001a.},
  topic = {logical-consequence;Tarski;}  
 } 

@incollection{ etcheverry-dagorret:2001a,
  author = {Patrick Etcheverry and Phillipe Lopist\'eguy and Pantxika
    		Dagorret},
  title = {Specifying Contexts for Coordination Patterns},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {437--440},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;cooperation;problem-solving;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ etherington-reiter:1983a1,
  author = {David Etherington and Raymond Reiter},
  title = {On Inheritance Hierarchies with Exceptions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {104--108},
  xref = {Republished in Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque;
  	Readings in Knowledge Representation.  See
	etherington-reiter:1983a2.  Also see etherington-reiter:1983a2.},
  topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ etherington-reiter:1983a2,
  author = {David Etherington and Raymond Reiter},
  title = {On Inheritance Hierarchies with Exceptions},
  booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  pages = {329--334},
  xref = {Originally published in AAAI-83.  See etherington-reiter:1983a1.},
  topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ etherington-reiter:1983a3,
  author = {David Etherington and Raymond Reiter},
  title = {On Inheritance Hierarchies with Exceptions},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {101--105},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Originally published in AAAI-83.  See etherington-reiter:1983a1.},
  topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ etherington-etal:1985a1,
  author = {David Etherington and R.E. Mercer and Raymond Reiter},
  title = {On the Adequacy of Predicate Circumscription for Closed
  	World Reasoning},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {11--15},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  xref = {Republication: etherington-etal:1985a2.},
  topic = {circumscription;closed-world-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ etherington-etal:1985a2,
  author = {David W. Etherington and Robert Mercer and and Raymond
  	Reiter},
  title = {On the Adequacy or Predicate Circumscription for
  	Closed-World Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {174--178},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: etherington-etal:1985a1.},
  topic = {circumscription;closed-world-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ etherington-etal:1985b1,
  author = {David W. Etherington and Robert Mercer and and Raymond
  	Reiter},
  title = {On the Adequacy or Predicate Circumscription for
  	Closed-World Reasoning},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11--15},
  topic = {circumscription;closed-world-reasoning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ etherington-etal:1985c,
  author = {David W. Etherington and Robert Mercer and and Raymond
  	Reiter},
  title = {On the Adequacy or Predicate Circumscription for
  	Closed-World Reasoning},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of British Columbia.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {circumscription;closed-world-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ etherington:1987a,
 author = {David Etherington},
 title = {Formalizing Nonmonotonic Reasoning Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {31},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--85},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ etherington:1987b,
  author = {David Etherington},
  title = {More on Inheritance Hierarchies with Exceptions},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, AT\&T Bell Laboratories.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ etherington:1988a,
  author = {David W. Etherington},
  title = {Reasoning with Incomplete Information},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  year = {1988},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;inheritance-theory;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ etherington-etal:1989a,
  author = {David W. Etherington and Alex Borgida and Ronald Brachman
  	and Henry Kautz},
  title = {Vivid Knowledge Bases and Tractable Reasoning: Preliminary
  	Report},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {1146--1158},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;vivid-reasoning;complexity-in-AI;taxonomic-logics;
  	tractable-logics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ etherington-etal:1989b,
  author = {David W. Etherington and Kenneth D. Forbus and Matthew
  	L. Ginsberg and David J. Israel and Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Critical Issues in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {500--504},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ etherington:1991a,
 author = {David Etherington and Sarit Kraus and David Perlis},
 title = {Nonmonotonicity and the Scope of Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {52},
  number = {3},
  pages = {221--261},
  contentnote = {Surveys a number of foundational problems with NM
  	reasoning, eg the lottery paradox problems are typical of
	these.  Suggests that the source of these is that the scope
	ie application of NM reasoning is generally limited, and
	formalizes this by introducing scope explicitly into
	a circumscriptive formalism.  Proves various results about
	this formalism.},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ etherington-crawford:1996a,
  author = {David W. Etherington and James M. Crawford},
  title = {Toward Efficient Default Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {627--632},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;AI-algorithms;
  	consistency-checking;}  
  } 

@incollection{ etzion:1991a,
  author = {Opher Etzion},
  title = {Handling Active Databases with Partial Inconsistencies},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {171--175},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {databases;paraconsistency;}  
  } 

@incollection{ etzioni:1989a,
  author = {Oren Etzioni},
  title = {Tractable Decision-Analytic Control},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {114--125},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;plan-evaluation;planning;decision-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ etzioni:1991a,
  author = {Oren Etzioni},
  title = {Embedding Decision-Analytic Control in a Learning
  	Architecture},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {49},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {129--160},
  topic = {decision-theoretic-planning;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ etzioni-etal:1992a,
  author = {Oren Etzioni and Steven Hanks and Denise Draper and Neal Lesh
  	and Mike Williamson},
  title = {An Approach to Planning with Incomplete Information},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {115--125},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;planning;decision-making-under-uncertainty;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ etzioni:1993a,
  author = {Oren Etzioni},
  title = {A Structural Theory of Explanation-Based Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {60},
  number = {1},
  pages = {93--139},
  topic = {explanation-based learning;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ etzioni:1993b,
  author = {Oren Etzioni},
  title = {Acquiring Search-Control Knowledge Via Static Analysis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {62},
  number = {2},
  pages = {255--301},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Explanation-based learning (EBL) is a widely-used technique for
     acquiring search-control knowledge. Prieditis, van Harmelen, and
     Bundy pointed to the similarity between partial evaluation (PE)
     and EBL. However, EBL utilizes training examples whereas PE does
     not.  It is natural to inquire, therefore, whether PE can be
     used to acquire search-control knowledge and, if so, at what
     cost?  This paper answers these questions by means of a case
     study comparing PRODIGY/EBL, a state-of-the-art EBL system, and
     STATIC, a PE-based analyzer of problem space definitions. When
     tested in PRODIGY/EBL's benchmark problem spaces, STATIC
     generated search-control knowledge that was up to three times as
     effective as the knowledge learned by PRODIGY/EBL, and did so
     from twenty-six to seventy-seven times faster.  The paper
     describes STATIC's algorithms, compares its performance to
     PRODIGY/EBL's, noting when STATIC's superior performance will
     scale up and when it will not. The paper concludes with several
     lessons for the design of EBL systems, suggesting hybrid PE/EBL
     systems as a promising direction for future research.  } ,
  topic = {explanation-based-learning;procedural-control;}  
  } 

@incollection{ etzioni-etal:1994a,
  author = {Oren Etzioni and Keith Golden and Daniel Weld},
  title = {Tractable Closed World Reasoning with Updates},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {178--189},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;closed-world-reasoning;belief-revision;
  		tractable-logics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ etzioni-etal:1997a,
  author = {Oren Etzioni and Keith Golden and Daniel S. Weld},
  title = {Sound and Efficient Closed-World Reasoning for Planning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {89},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {113--148},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Closed-world inference-an essential component of many planning
     algorithms-is the process of determining that a logical sentence
     is false based on its absence from a knowledge base, or the
     inability to derive it.  We describe a novel method for
     closed-world inference and update over the first-order theories
     of action used by planning algorithms such as NONLIN, TWEAK, and
     UCPOP.  We show the method to be sound and efficient, but
     incomplete.  In our experiments, closed-world inference
     consistently averaged about 2 milliseconds while updates
     averaged approximately 1.2 milliseconds.  Furthermore, we
     demonstrate that incompleteness is nonproblematic in practice,
     since our mechanism makes over 99% of the desired inferences. We
     incorporated our method into the XII planner, which supports our
     Internet Softbot (software robot). The technique cut the number
     of actions executed by the Softbot by a factor of one hundred,
     and resulted in a corresponding speedup to XII.},
  topic = {planning;circumscription;closed-world-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ evans_da:1985a,
  author = {David A. Evans},
  title = {Situations and Speech Acts: Toward a Formal Semantics of
           Discourse},
  publisher = {Garland Pubishing},
  year = {1985},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {speech-acts;discourse;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ evans_eg:1997a,
  author = {Edmund Grimley Evans},
  title = {Approximating Context-Free Grammars with a Finite-State
  	Calculus},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {452--459},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {context-free-grammars;finite-state-nlp;}  
 } 

@article{ evans_g:1973a1,
  author = {Gareth Evans},
  title = {The Causal Theory of Names},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {47},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {187--208},
  xref = {Republication: evans_g:1973a2},
  topic = {reference;modal-logic;philosophy-of-language;proper-names;}  
 } 

@incollection{ evans_g:1973a2,
  author = {Gareth Evans},
  title = {The Causal Theory of Names},
  booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Peter Ludlow},
  pages = {609--655},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of evans_g:1973a1.},
  topic = {reference;modal-logic;philosophy-of-language;proper-names;}  
  } 

@incollection{ evans_g:1976a1,
  author = {Gareth Evans},
  title = {Semantic Structure and Logical Form},
  booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell},
  pages = {199--221},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Republication: evans_g:1976a2.},
  topic = {logical-form;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ evans_g:1976a2,
  author = {Gareth Evans},
  title = {Semantic Structure and Logical Form},
  booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Peter Ludlow},
  pages = {233--256},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of evans_g:1976a1.},
  topic = {logical-form;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ evans_g-mcdowell_jh:1976a,
  editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell},
  title = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198245173},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell, "Introduction", pp. vii--xxii
     2. J.A. Foster, "Meaning and Truth Theory", pp. 1--32
     3. Donald A. Davidson, "Reply to {F}oster", pp. 33--41
     4. John Mc{D}owell, "Truth Conditions, Bivalence and
     		Verificationalism", pp. 42--66
     5. Michael Dummett, "What is a Theory of
     		Meaning ({II})", pp. 67--137
     6. Brian Loar, "Two Theories of Meaning", pp. 138--161
     7. Christopher Peacocke, "Truth Definitions and Actual
     		Languages", pp. 162--188
     8. Peter F. Strawson, "On Understanding the Structure of One's
     		Language", pp. 189---198
     9. Gareth Evans, "Semantic Structure and Logical Form", pp. 199--221
    10. Crispin Wright, "Language-Mastery and the Sorites
    		Paradox", pp. 223--247
    11. Michael Woods, "Existence and Tense", pp. 248--262
    12. Barry Taylor, "States of Affairs", pp. 263--284
    13. David Wiggins, "The {\em De Re} `Must':  A Note on the
    		Logical Form of Essentialist Claims", pp. 285--312
    14. Christopher Peacocke, "An Appendix to {D}avid
    		{W}iggins' `Note'\,", pp. 313--324
    15. Saul Kripke, "Is There a Problem about Substitutional
    		Quantification?", pp. 325--419
  } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ evans_g-mcdowell_jh:1976b,
  author = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell},
  pages = {vii--xxii},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nl-semantics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ evans_g:1978a1,
  author = {Gareth Evans},
  title = {Can There Be Vague Objects?},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {38},
  pages = {208},
  xref = {Republication: evans_g:1978a2.},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ evans_g:1978a2,
  author = {Gareth Evans},
  title = {Can There be Vague Objects?},
  booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {317},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of: evans_g:1978a1.},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@article{ evans_g:1980a,
  author = {Gareth Evans},
  title = {Pronouns},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {337--362},
  topic = {anaphora;donkey-anaphora;}  
  } 

@incollection{ evans_g:1981a1,
  author = {Gareth Evans},
  title = {Understanding Demonstratives},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Understanding},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Herman Parret and Jacques Bouveresse},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Republication: evans_g:1981a2.},
  topic = {demonstratives;nl-semantics;indexicals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ evans_g:1981a2,
  author = {Gareth Evans},
  title = {Understanding Demonstratives},
  booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Peter Ludlow},
  pages = {717--744},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication: evans_g:1981a2.},
  topic = {demonstratives;nl-semantics;indexicals;}  
  } 

@book{ evans_g:1983a,
  author = {Gareth Evans},
  title = {Varieties of Reference},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {reference;}  
 } 

@book{ evans_j-over:1996a,
  author = {Jonathan St.B.T Evans and David E. Over},
  title = {Rationality and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Rationality in reasoning
	2. Personal goals, utility, and decision
	3. Relevance, rationality, and tacit processing
	4. Reasoning as decision making: the case of the
		selection task
	5. Prior belief
	6. Deductive competence
	7. A dual process theory of thinking
  	},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;decision-making;
		rationality-and-cognition;}  
 } 

@incollection{ evans_n:1985a,
  author = {Nick Evans},
  title = {A-{Q}uantifiers and Scope in {M}alayi},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {207--270},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;Australian-languages;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ evans_r-gazdar:1989a,
  author = {Roger Evans and Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {Inference in {DATR}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings, Fourth Meeting of the {E}uropean Chapter of
  	the {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {66--71},
  organization = {{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address},
  topic = {computational-morphology;nml;}  
  } 

@techreport{ evans_r-gazdar:1990a,
  author = {Roger Evans and Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {The {\sc datr} papers: February 1990},
  institution = {School of Cognitive and Computing Science, University of
  	Sussex},
  number = {CSRP 139},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Brighton, England},
  topic = {nm-ling;computational-morphpology;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ evans_r-gazdar:1990b,
  author = {Roger Evans and Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {The Semantics of {DATR}},
  booktitle = {Seventh Conference of
  	the {S}ociety for the {S}tudy of {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence and
	the {S}imulation of {B}ehaviour},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {A. Cohn},
  pages = {79--87},
  organization = {{S}ociety for the {S}tudy of {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence and
	the {S}imulation of {B}ehaviour},
  missinginfo = {publisher, address } ,
  topic = {computational-morphology;nml;}  
  } 

@article{ evans_r-gazdar:1996a,
  author = {Roger Evans and Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {{DATR}: A Language for Lexical Knowledge Representation},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {167--216},
  topic = {computational-morphology;nml;DATR;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ evans_r-gazdar:1996b,
  author = {Roger Evans and Gerald Gazdar and David Weir},
  title = {Encoding Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars with a
  	Nonmonotonic Inheritance Hierarchy},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Sussex.},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;nm-ling;inheritance;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ evans_r-weir:1998a,
  author = {Roger Evans and David Weir},
  title = {A Structure-Sharing Parser for Lexicalized Grammars},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {372--378},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;TAG-grammar;finite-state-nlp;}  
} 

@book{ everaet-etal:1995a,
  editor = {Martin Everaert and Erik-Jan {van der Linden} and Andr\'e
  	Schenk and Rob Schreuder},
  title = {Idioms: Structural and Psychological Perspectives},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;idioms;}  
 } 

@article{ everett_jo:1999a,
  author = {John Otis Everett},
  title = {Topological Evidence of Teleology: Deriving Function
  	from Structure via Evidential Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {113},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {149--202},
  topic = {qualitative-reasoning;thermodynamics;teleology;}  
  } 

@article{ everett_tj:2000a,
  author = {Theodore J. Everett},
  title = {A Simple Logic for Comparisons and Vagueness},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {123},
  pages = {263--278},
  topic = {comparative-constructions;vagueness;}  
  } 

@techreport{ evett-etal:1990a,
  author = {M. Evett and James Hendler and Lee Spector},
  title = {Parallel Knowledge Representation on the Connection Machine},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  number = {CS--TR--2409},
  year = {1990},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;parallel-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ ewing:1963a,
  author = {A.C. Ewing},
  title = {May Can-Statements Be Analysed Deterministically},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1963--64},
  volume = {64},
  pages = {157--176},
  topic = {ability;(in)determinism;freedom;}  
  } 

@book{ eysenck:1990a,
  editor = {Michael W. Eysenck},
  title = {The {B}lackwell Dictionary of Cognitive Psychology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Reference},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631156828},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ ezeiza-etal:1998a,
  author = {N. Ezeiza and I. Alegria and J.M. Arriola and R. Urizar
  	 and I. Aduriz},
  title = {Combining Stochastic and Rule-Based Methods for
  	Disambiguation in Agglutinative Languages},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {379--384},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;}  
} 

@article{ fagin:1982a,
  author = {Ronald Fagin},
  title = {Horn Clauses and Database Dependencies},
  journal = {Journal of the {ACM}},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {952--985},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {functional-dependencies;}  
  } 

@article{ fagin-etal:1983a,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Jeffrey D. Ullman and Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {On the Semantics of Updates in Databases},
  journal = {Journal of the Association of Computing Machinery},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {352--365},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {database-update;}  
  } 

@techreport{ fagin-etal:1984a,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {A Model-Theoretic Analysis of Knowledge: Preliminary
  	Report},
  institution = {{IBM} Research Laboratory},
  year = {1984},
  address = {San Jose, California},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ fagin-etal:1984b,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {A Model Theoretic Analysis of Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual Symposium
  	on the Foundations of Computer Science},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {268--278},
  missinginfo = {organization, publisher, address},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ fagin-etal:1985a,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Belief, Awareness, and Limited Reasoning: Preliminary
  	Report},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi},
  pages = {491--501},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;propositional-attitudes;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ fagin-vardi:1986a,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {Knowledge and Implicit Knowledge in a Distributed
  	Environment: Preliminary Report},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {187--206},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ fagin-halpern:1987a,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Belief, Awareness, and Limited Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {34},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39--76},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ fagin-halpern:1988a1,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {I'm {OK} if You're {OK}: On the notion of Trusting Communication},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {4},
  pages = {329--354},
  xref = {Republication: fagin-halpern:1988a2.},
  topic = {distributed-systems;communication-protocols;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fagin-halpern:1988a2,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {I'm {OK} if You're {OK}: On the notion of Trusting Communication},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {9--34},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Republication of: fagin-halpern:1988a1.},
  topic = {distributed-systems;communication-protocols;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ fagin-halpern:1988b,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Reasoning about Knowledge and Probability},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {277--293},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@techreport{ fagin-halpren:1988c,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {A Logic for Reasoning about Probability},
  institution = {{IBM} Research Laboratory},
  year = {1988},
  address = {San Jose, California},
  number = {RJ 6190},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ fagin-halpern:1989b,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Reasoning about Knowledge and Probability},
  journal = {Journal of the {ACM}},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {41},
  number = {2},
  pages = {340--367},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;
  	probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ fagin-etal:1990a,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {A Nonstandard Approach to the Logical Omniscience Problem},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {41--55},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ fagin-etal:1991a,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {A Model-Theoretic Analysis of Knowledge},
  journal = {Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  pages = {382--428},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fagin-etal:1992a,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and John Geanakopolos and Joseph Y. Halpern
  	and Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {The Expressive Power of the Hierarchical Approach to
  	Modeling Knowledge and Common Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {229--244},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-belief;}  
  } 

@article{ fagin-etal:1992b,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {What Can Machines Know? On the Properties of Knowledge in
  	Distributed Systems.},
  journal = {Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {39},
  number = {2},
  pages = {328--37628},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ fagin-etal:1992c,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {What is an Inference Rule?},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {57},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1018--1045},
  topic = {inference-rules;}  
  } 

@book{ fagin:1994a,
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  title = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  year = {1994},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;}  
  } 

@techreport{ fagin-etal:1994a,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses and
  	Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {Knowledge-Based Programming},
  institution = {{IBM} Research Laboratory},
  number = {RJ 9711},
  year = {1994},
  address = {San Jose, California},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;agent-oriented-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ fagin-etal:1995a,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {A Nonstandard Approach to the Logical Omniscience Problem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {79},
  number = {2},
  pages = {203--240},
  contentnote = {Uses a relevance-like logic to address problem of logical
  	omniscience.  Has completeness proof.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;epistemic-logic;relevance-logic;
  	hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@book{ fagin-etal:1995b,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses and
  	Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {Reasoning about Knowledge},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Reviews: goranko:1999a,thomason_rh:1999d.},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;communication-protocols;
  	game-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fagin-etal:1996a,
  author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses
  	and Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {Common Knowledge Revisited},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {283--258},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {mutual-belief;rational-action;}  
  } 

@article{ fagiuoli-zaffalon:1998a,
  author = {Enrico Fagiuoli and Marco Zaffalon},
  title = {{2U}: An Exact Interval Propagation Algorithm
  	for Polytrees with Binary Variables},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {106},
  number = {1},
  pages = {77--107},
  topic = {bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@article{ fahlman:1974a,
  author = {Scott E. Fahlman},
  title = {A Planning System for Robot Construction Tasks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--49},
  year = {1974},
  topic = {planning;robotics;}  
 } 

@book{ fahlman:1979a,
  author = {Scott E. Fahlman},
  title = {{\sc netl:} A System for Representing and Using Real-World
  	Knowledge.},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: shapiro:1980a},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;parallel-processing;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ fahlman-etal:1981a,
  author = {Scott E. Fahlman and David Touretzky and W. van Roggen},
  title = {Cancellation in a Parallel Semantic Network},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Patrick J. Hayes},
  pages = {257--263},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;parallel-processing;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fairtlough-wainer:1998a,
  author = {Matt Fairtlough and Stanley S. Wainer},
  title = {Hierarchies of Provably Recursive Functions},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Samuel R. Buss},
  pages = {149--207},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Review: arai:1998d.},
  topic = {proof-theory;recursion-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fales:1984a,
  author = {Ewan Fales},
  title = {Causation and Induction},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {113--134},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;induction;}  
  } 

@article{ falk:1972a,
  author = {Gilbert Falk},
  title = {Interpretation of Imperfect Line Data as a
  	Three-Dimensional Scene},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {101--144},
  topic = {three-D-reconstruction;}  
  } 

@article{ falkenhainer-etal:1989a,
  author = {Brian Falkenhainer and Kenneth D. Forbus and Dedre Gentner},
  title = {The Structure-Mapping Engine: Algorithm and Examples},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {41},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--63},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper describes the structure-mapping engine (SME), a
     program for studying analogical processing. SME has been built
     to explore Gentner's structure-mapping theory of analogy, and
     provides a ``tool kit'' for constructing matching algorithms
     consistent with this theory. Its flexibility enhances cognitive
     simulation studies by simplifying experimentation. Furthermore,
     SME is very efficient, making it a useful component in machine
     learning systems as well. We review the structure-mapping theory
     and describe the design of the engine. We analyze the complexity
     of the algorithm, and demonstrate that most of the steps are
     polynomial, typically bounded by O(N2).  Next we demonstrate
     some examples of its operation taken from our cognitive
     simulation studies and work in machine learning. Finally, we
     compare SME to other analogy programs and discuss several areas
     for future work.},
  topic = {analogy;AI-algorithms-analysis;analogical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ falkenhainer-forbus:1991a,
  author = {Brian Falkenhainer and Kenneth D. Forbus},
  title = {Compositional Modeling: Finding the Right Model for the
  	Job},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {95--143},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     To represent an engineer's knowledge will require domain
     theories that are orders of magnitude larger than today's
     theories, describe phenomena at several levels of granularity,
     and incorporate multiple perspectives.  To build and use such
     theories effectively requires strategies for organizing domain
     models and techniques for determining which subset of knowledge
     to apply for a given task.  This paper describes compositional
     modeling, a technique that addresses these issues.  Compositional
     modeling uses explicit modeling assumptions to decompose domain
     knowledge into semi-independent model fragments, each describing
     various aspects of objects and physical processes.  We describe
     an implemented algorithm for model composition.  That is, given a
     general domain theory, a structural description of a specific
     system, and a query about the system's behavior, the algorithm
     composes a model which suffices to answer the query while
     minimizing extraneous detail.  We illustrate the utility of
     compositional modeling by outlining the organization of a
     large-scale, multi-grain, multi-perspective model we have built
     for engineering thermodynamics, and showing how the model
     composition algorithm can be used to automatically select the
     appropriate knowledge to answer questions in a tutorial setting.  } ,
  topic = {thermodynamics;domain-modeling;
  	modular-domain-representations;}  
  } 

@book{ fallside-woods_wa:1985a,
  editor = {Frank Fallside and William A. Woods},
  title = {Computer Speech Processing},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  topic = {speech-processing;}  
 } 

@article{ faltings:1992a,
  author = {Boi Faltings},
  title = {A Symbolic Approach to Qualitative Kinematics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {56},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {139--170},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     An important problem for mechanism design and analysis is
     reasoning about the relationship between object shapes and their
     kinematic function. Such reasoning is difficult because of the
     unstructured influence of the shapes' metric dimensions. In this
     paper, we show how a qualitative kinematic analysis can be based
     solely on symbolic reasoning and evaluation of predicates on
     metric dimensions. This allows symbolic reasoning about
     kinematics without explicit numerical representations of object
     dimensions, and automatic generation of operators relating
     kinematic goals to shape modifications which may achieve them.},
  topic = {device-modeling;qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@book{ faltings-struss:1992a,
  editor = {Boi Faltings and Peter Struss},
  title = {Recent Advances in Qualitative Physics},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262061422},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;}  
 } 

@article{ faltings:1994a,
  author = {Boi Faltings},
  title = {Arc-Consistency for Continuous Variables},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {65},
  number = {2},
  pages = {363--376},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Davis [1] has investigated the properties of the Waltz
     propagation algorithm with interval labels in continuous
     domains. He shows that in most cases the algorithm does not
     achieve arc-consistency and furthermore is subject to infinite
     iterations. In this paper, I show that the main reason for
     Davis' negative results lies in the way he formulates the
     propagation rule for the Waltz algorithm. For binary
     constraints, I propose a different propagation rule and show
     that it guarantees arc-consistency upon quiescence of the
     propagation.  Generalizations to n-ary constraints are possible
     but involve more complex geometry.  Arc-consistency guarantees a
     minimal network only when the constraint graph is a tree. I show
     that the new formulation of the propagation algorithm rules out
     the possibility of infinite iterations for all tree-structured
     constraint networks, and thus obtain a general and reliable
     algorithm for arc-consistency in continuous domains.},
  topic = {arc-consistency;reasoning-about-continuous-quantities;}  
  } 

@incollection{ faltz:1985a,
  author = {Leonard M. Faltz},
  title = {Towards a Typology of Natural Logic},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {271--319},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {Explores issue of whether a different logic might
  	be appropriate for semantic representation of different languages.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ fann:1969a,
  editor = {Kuang T. Fann},
  title = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
 } 

@book{ fann:1970a,
  author = {Kuang T. Fann},
  title = {Peirce's Theory of Abduction},
  publisher = {Martinus Nijhoff},
  year = {1970},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {Peirce;abduction;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ fargier-etal:2000a,
  author = {H\'el\`ene Fargier and J\'er\^ome Lang and Pierre Marquis},
  title = {Propositional Logic and One-Stage Decision Making},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {445--456},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;implementations-of-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ farinasdelcerro-herzig:1991a,
  author = {Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig},
  title = {A Modal Analysis of Possibility Theory},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {58--62},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {possibility-logic;modal-logic;qualitative-probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ farinasdelcerro-herzig:1996a,
  author = {Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig},
  title = {Belief Change and Dependence},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {147--161},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ farkas:1981a,
  author = {Donka Farkas},
  title = {Quantifier Scope and Syntactic Islands},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth Regional Meeting of the
  	Chicago Linguistics Society},
  year = {1981},
  pages = {59--66},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society},
  address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;}  
  } 

@article{ farkas-sugioka:1983a,
  author = {Donka F. Farkas and Yoko Sugioka},
  title = {Restrictive If/When Clauses},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {225--258},
  contentnote = {They treat Gen as an adverb of quantifcation, basically,
     a vague binary quantifier.  But they treat Bare Plurals as
     kind-denoting. --Delia Graff.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;conditionals;sentence-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ farkas:1988b,
  author = {Donka F. Farkas},
  title = {On Obligatory Control},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--58},
  topic = {syntactic-control;}  
  } 

@incollection{ farkas:1997a,
  author = {Donka F. Farkas},
  title = {Evaluation Indices and Scope},
  booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  pages = {183--215},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ farmer-guttman:2000a,
  author = {William M. Farmer and Joshua D. Guttman},
  title = {A Set Theory with Support for Partial Functions},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {59--58},
  topic = {set-theory;partial-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ farrell_dm:1993a,
  author = {Daniel M. Farrell},
  title = {Utility-Maximizing Intentions and the Theory of Rational
  	Choice},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--78},
  topic = {foundations-of-utility;causal-decision-theory;toxin-puzzle;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ farrell_p:1993a,
  author =  {Patrick Farrell},
  title = {The Interplay of Syntax and Semantics in Complement Control},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{III}},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner},
  pages = {57--76},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {complementation;syntactic-control;}  
  } 

@incollection{ farrell_tb:1983a,
  author = {Thomas B. Farrell},
  title = {Aspects of Coherence in Conversation and Rhetoric},
  booktitle = {Conversational Coherence:  Form, Structure and Strategy},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey},
  pages = {259--284},
  address = {London},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ farreres-etal:1998a,
  author = {Xavier Farreres and German Rigau and Horacio
  	Rodr\'iguez},
  title = {Using {W}ord{N}et for Building {W}ord{N}ets},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {65--72},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ fasciano:1995a,
  author = {Mark Fasciano},
  title = {Building an Agent with Multiple Rationalities},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Michael Fehling},
  pages = {56--60},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {agent-architectures;qualitative-utility;planning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ fasli:1999a,
  author = {Maria Fasli},
  title = {Modeling Reasoning Agents},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Practical Reasoning and Rationality},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {John Bell},
  pages = {8--15},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {agent-modeling;agent-architectures;agent-attitudes;}  
  } 

@book{ fasold:1990a,
  author = {Ralph Fasold},
  title = {The Sociolinguistics of Language},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631133860, 0631138250 (pbk.)},
  topic = {sociolinguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ fass:1997a,
  author = {Dan Fass},
  title = {Processing Metonymy and Metaphor},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Greenwich, Connecticut},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  xref = {Review: ferrari:1999a.},
  topic = {discourse;psycholinguistics;metaphor;metonymy;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ fatah-peot:2000a,
  author = {Yousri El Fatah and Mark Alan Peot},
  title = {A Compositional Structured Query Approach to Automated
  	Inference},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {213--224},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@article{ fauconnier:1975a,
  author = {Gilles Fauconnier},
  title = {Pragmatic Scales and Logical Structure},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {353--375},
  topic = {nl-semantics;polarity;pragmatic-scales;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fauconnier:1978a,
  author = {Gilles Fauconnier},
  title = {Implication Reversal in a Natural Language},
  booktitle = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt},
  pages = {289--301},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;polarity;pragmatic-scales;}  
  } 

@article{ fauconnier:1978b,
  author = {Giles Fauconnier},
  title = {Is There a Linguistic Level of Logical Representation},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31--49},
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ fauconnier:1985a,
  author = {Giles Fauconnier},
  title = {Do Quantifiers Branch?},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {555--578},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@book{ fauconnier:1985b,
  author = {Giles Fauconnier},
  title = {Mental Spaces},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: cormack:1987a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;intensionality;anaphora;}  
 } 

@book{ fauconnier-sweetser:1996a,
  editor = {Giles Fauconnier and Eve Sweetser},
  title = {Spaces, Worlds and Grammar},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ fauconnier:1997a,
  author = {Giles Fauconnier},
  title = {Mappings in Thought and Language},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;common-sense-reasoning;}  
 } 

@book{ faulkner:1998a,
  author = {Christine Faulkner},
  title = {The Essence of Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1998},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0137519753},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fayard-henderson:2001a,
  author = {Anne-Laure Fayard and Austin Henderson},
  title = {Looking at `Situated' Technology: Differences in Pattern
  	of Interaction Reflect Differences in Context},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {441-444},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;psychology-of-technology;}  
  } 

@article{ fayyad-etal:1996a,
  author = {Usama Fayyad and Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro and Padhraic
  	Smyth},
  title = {From Data Mining to Knowledge Discovery in Databases},
  journal = {{AI} Magazine},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {17},
  number = {3},
  pages = {37--54},
  topic = {knowledge-retrieval;krcourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ federici-etal:1997a,
  author = {Stefano Federici and Simonetta Montemagni and Vito
    		Pirelli},
  title = {Inferring Semantic Similarity from
		Distributional Evidence: An Analogy-Based Approach to
		Word Sense Disambiguation},
  booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of
  	Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari
  	and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks},
  pages = {90--97},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@incollection{ federico-demori:1998a,
  author = {Marcello Federico and Renato de Mori},
  title = {Language Modeling},
  booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Renato de Mori},
  pages = {199--230},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {speech-recognition;n-gram-models;}  
  } 

@article{ feferman:1959a,
  author = {Solomon Feferman},
  title = {Nonrecursiveness of Sentences Closed Under Direct Product},
  journal = {Notices of the {A}merican {M}athematical {S}ociety},
  year = {1959},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {619},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {model-theory;decidability;}  
  } 

@article{ feferman-hellman:1975a,
  author = {Solomon Feferman and Geoffrey Hellman},
  title = {Predicative Foundations of Arithmetic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--17},
  topic = {predicativity;foundations-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ feferman:1984a,
  author = {Solomon Feferman},
  title = {Toward Useful Type-Free Theories, {I}},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {49},
  number = {},
  pages = {75--111},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;Russell-paradox;lambda-calculus;
  	type-free-theories;} 
  } 

@article{ feferman:1985a,
  author = {Solomon Feferman},
  title = {Intensionality in Mathematics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--55},
  topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;intensionality;
  	constructive-mathematics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ feferman:1988a,
  author = {Solomon Feferman},
  title = {Turing in the Land of {O}(z)},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {113--147},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {Turing;ordinal-logics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ feferman:1991a,
  author = {Solomon Feferman},
  title = {Proofs of Termination and the `91' Function},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {47--63},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {algorithms;program-verification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ feferman:1994a,
  author = {Solomon Feferman},
  title = {Finitary Inductively Presented Logics},
  booktitle = {What is a Logical System?},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay},
  pages = {297--328},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {finitary-logics;recursion-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ feferman-hellman:1996a,
  author = {Solomon Feferman and Geoffrey Hellman},
  title = {Predicative Foundations of Arithmetic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--17},
  topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;formalized-arithmetic;}  
  } 

@article{ feferman:1997a,
  author = {Solomon Feferman},
  title = {Penrose's {G}\"odelian Argument},
  journal = {Psyche},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {2},
  note = {Electronic journal: http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au.},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;goedels-first-theorem;
  	foundations-of-computation;goedels-second-theorem;}  
  } 

@book{ feferman:1998a,
  author = {Solomon Feferman},
  title = {In the Light of Logiic},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Reviews: avigad:1999a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;proof-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ feferman-etal:2000a,
  author = {Solomon Feferman and Harvey M. Friedman and Penelope
  	Maddy and John R. Steel},
  title = {Does Mathematics Need New Axioms?},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {401--446},
  topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;foundations-of-set-theory;
  	continuum-hypothesis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fehige:1994a,
  author = {Christoph Fehige},
  title = {The Limit Assumption in Deontic (and Prohairetic) Logic},
  booktitle = {Analyomen 1},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Georg Meggle and Ulla Wessels},
  pages = {42--56},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ fehling:1993a,
  author = {Michael R. Fehling},
  title = {Unified Theories of Cognition: Modeling Cognitive
  	Competence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {295--328},
  xref = {Review of newell:1992a.},
  topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fehrer:1998a,
  author = {D. Fehrer},
  title = {Developing Deductive Systems: The]
			Toolbox Style},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ feigenbaum-mccorduck:1983a,
  author = {Edward A. Feigenbaum and Pamela McCorduck},
  title = {The Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence and {J}apan's
    Computer Challenge to the World},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201115190},
  xref = {Review: stefik:1984a, dekleer:1984a},
  topic = {popular-cs;cs-journalism;}  
 } 

@article{ feigenbaum-buchanan_bg:1993a,
  author = {Edward A. Feigenbaum and Bruce G. Buchanan},
  title = {{DENDRAL} and {Meta-DENDRAL:} Roots of Knowledge
  	Systems and Expert Systems Applications},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {233--240},
  topic = {expert-systems;knowledge-engineering;}  
  } 

@book{ feigl-scriven:1956a,
  editor = {Herbert Feigl and Michael Scriven},
  title = {The Foundations of Science and the Concepts of
  	Psychology and Psychoanalysis: {M}innesota Studies in
	the Philosophy of Science, Volume {I}},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  year = {1962},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;philosophy-of-mind;
  	philosophy-of-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ feigl-etal:1958a,
  editor = {Herbert Feigl and Michael Scriven and Grover Maxwell},
  title = {Concepts, Theories, and the Mind-Body Problem:
  	{M}innesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Volume
	{II}},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  year = {1958},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@book{ feigl-maxwell:1962a,
  editor = {Herbert Feigl and Grover Maxwell},
  title = {Scientific Explanation, Space, and Time: {M}innesota
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Volume {III}},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  year = {1962},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;explanation;philosophy-of-physics;}  
 } 

@book{ feigl-etal:1972a,
  editor = {Herbert Feigl and Wilfrid Sellars and Keith Lehrer},
  title = {New Readings in Philosophical Analysis},
  publisher = {Appleton-Century-Crofts},
  year = {1972},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@article{ feinberg:1968a,
  author = {Joel Feinberg},
  title = {Collective Responsibility},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  volume = {65},
  year = {1968},
  pages = {674--688},
  topic = {ethics;blameworthiness;}  
    } 

@book{ feiwel:1985a,
  editor = {George R. Feiwel},
  title = {Issues in Contemporary Microeconomics and Welfare},
  publisher = {Macmillan},
  year = {1985},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0333354826},
  topic = {foundations-of-economics;welfare-economics;}  
 } 

@book{ feiwel:1987a,
  editor = {George R. Feiwel},
  title = {Arrow and the Foundations of the Theory of Economic Policy},
  publisher = {New York University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {081472583X},
  topic = {foundations-of-economics;welfare-economics;}  
 } 

@book{ feldman_a:1980a,
  author = {Allan M. Feldman},
  title = {Welfare Economics and Social Choice Theory},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {social-choice;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ feldman_f:1979a,
  author = {Fred Feldman},
  title = {Iffy Oughts},
  year = {1979},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;conditional-obligation;}  
  } 

@article{ feldman_f:1980a,
  author = {Fred Feldman},
  title = {The Principle of Moral Harmony},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  volume = {77},
  year = {1980},
  pages = {166--179},
  topic = {ethics;}  
    } 

@book{ feldman_f:1986a,
  author = {Fred Feldman},
  title = {Doing the Best We Can: An Essay in Informal
             Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  year = {1986},
  ISBN = {9027721645},
  topic = {deontic-logic;ethics;}  
    } 

@incollection{ feldman_f:1990a,
  author = {Fred Feldman},
  title = {A Simpler Solution to the Paradoxes of Deontic Logic},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 4: Action Theory and
  	Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ feldman_ja-yakimovsky:1974a,
  author = {Jerome A. Feldman and Yoram Yakimovsky},
  title = {Decision Theory and Artificial Intelligence: {I}. A
  	Semantics-Based Region Analyzer},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {349--371},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Mathematical decision theory can be combined with heuristic
     techniques to attack Artificial Intelligence problems. As a
     first example, the problem of breaking an image into meaningful
     regions is considered. Bayesian decision theory is seen to
     provide a mechanism for including problem dependent (semantic)
     information in a general system. Some results are presented
     which make the computation feasible.  A programming system based
     on these ideas and its application to road scenes is described.  } ,
  topic = {decision-theory;problem-solving-architectures;}  
  } 

@incollection{ feldman_ja:1991a,
  author = {Jerome A. Feldman},
  title = {Robots with Common Sense?},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {65--72},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {AI-editorial;robotics;}  
  } 

@book{ feldman_l:1997a,
  editor = {Laurie Beth Feldman},
  title = {Morphological Aspects of Language Processing},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;morphology;parsing-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ feldman_r:1995a,
  author = {R. Feldman},
  title = {In Defence of Closure},
  journal = {Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {45},
  pages = {487--494},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ feldman_rh-wierenga:1979a,
  author = {Richard H. Feldman and Edward Wierenga},
  title = {Thalberg on the Irreducibility of Events},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {12--16},
  xref = {Comment on thalberg:1978a.},
  topic = {events;}  
  } 

@article{ feldman_ya-friedman_da:1999a,
  author = {Yishai A. Feldman and Doron A. Friedman},
  title = {Portability by Automatic Translation:  A
  	Large-Scale Case Study},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {107},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--28},
  topic = {software-engineering;abstraction;}  
  } 

@book{ fellbaum:1998a,
  editor = {Christaine Fellbaum},
  title = {Word{N}et: An Electronic Lexical Database},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: lin_dk:1999a.},
  topic = {wordnet;clcourse;}  
 } 

@software{ fellbaum:1998b,
  editor = {Christiane Fellbaum},
  title = {Word{N}et 1.6 CD-Rom},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  version = {1.6},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  media = {CD-Rom},
  platform = {Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows NT, Power Mac,
  		MacIntosh 68K.},
  topic = {wordnet;multilingual-lexicons;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fellbaum:1998c,
  author = {Christiane Fellbaum},
  title = {Towards a Representation of Idioms in {W}ord{N}et},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {52--57},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;idioms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ felscher:1986a,
  author = {Walter Felscher},
  title = {Dialogues as a Foundation for Intuitionistic
		Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}:
  	Alternatives in Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {341--372},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {dialogue-logic;intuitionistic-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ feltovich-etal:1997a,
  editor = {Paul J. Feltovich and Kenneth M. Ford and Robert R. Hoffman},
  title = {Expertise In Context: Human and Machine},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262561107},
  topic = {expertise;}  
 } 

@article{ fensel-etal:2000a,
  author = {Dieter Fensel and Craig Knoblock and Nicholas
  	Kushmerick and Marie-Christine Rousset},
  title = {Workshop on Intelligent Information Integration {III'99}},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--94},
  topic = {information-integration;}  
  } 

@article{ fenstad:1980a,
  author = {Jens Erik Fenstad},
  title = {Nonstandand Methods in Stochastic Analysis and Mathematical
  	Physics},
  journal = {Jber. d. {D}t. {M}ath. {V}erein.},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {82},
  pages = {167--180},
  missinginfo = {Number, full journal name},
  topic = {nonstandard-analysis;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ fenstad-etal:1983a,
  author = {Jens Erik Fenstad},
  title = {Situation Schemata and Systems of Logic Related to
  	Situation Semantics},
  year = {1983},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Oslo.},
  topic = {situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ fenstad-etal:1984a,
  author = {Jens Erik Fenstad and Jan Tore Langholm and Jan Tore L{\o}nning
	and Helle Frisak Sem},
  title = {Report of an {O}slo Seminar in Logic and Linguistics},
  institution = {Institute of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  number = {9},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Oslo},
  contentnote = {TC:
	1. Jens Erik Fenstad, "Introduction"
	2. Jan Tore Langholm, "Some Tentative Systems Relating to
		Situation Semantics"
	3. Jan Tore L{\o}nning, "Mass Terms and Quantification"
	4. Helle Frisak Sem, "Quantifier Scope and Coreferentiality"
	},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ fenstad-etal:1986a,
  author = {Jens Erik Fenstad and Per-Kristian Halvorsen and Tore
  	Langholm and Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Equations, Schemata and Situations: A Framework for
  	Linguistic Semantics},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University.},
  topic = {situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fenstad:1988a,
  author = {Jens Erik Fenstad},
  title = {Language and Computations},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {327--347},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ fenstad:1989a,
  author = {Jens Erik Fenstad},
  title = {Representations and Interpretations},
  institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1990},
  number = {Cosmos Report No. 9},
  address = {Oslo, Norway},
  topic = {logic-and-linguistics;feature-structure-logic;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ fenstad-lonning:1990a,
  author = {Jens Erik Fenstad and Jan Tore L{\o}nning},
  title = {Computational Semantics:  Steps towards `Intelligent'
  	Text Processing},
  institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1990},
  number = {15},
  address = {Oslo, Norway},
  topic = {computational-linguistics;computational-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ferguson-etal:1986a,
  author = {Charles A. Ferguson and Judy Snitzer Reilly and Alice
     	ter Meulen and Elizabeth Closs Traugott},
  title = {Overview},
  booktitle = {On Conditionals},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly},
  pages = {3--20},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ferguson-allen_jf:1994a,
  author = {George Ferguson and James F. Allen},
  title = {Arguing about Plans: Plan Representation and Reasoning
  	for Mixed-Initiative Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on
  	{AI} Planning Systems},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {43--48},
  editor = {Kristian Hammond},
  missinginfo = {organization, publisher, address},
  topic = {discourse;multi-agent-planning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ ferme:1998a,
  author = {Eduardo L. Ferm\'e},
  title = {On the Logic of Theory Change: Contraction without
		Recovery},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {127--137},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ ferme-hansson_so:1999a,
  author = {Eduardo L. Ferm\'e and Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {Selective Revision},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {331--342},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fernandezbreis-etal:2001a,
  author = {J.T. Fern\'andez-Breis and Rafael Valencia-Garcia and Rodrigo
    		Martinez-B\'ejar and Pascual Cantos-G\`omez},
  title = {A Context-Driven Approach for Knowledge Acquisition:
		Application to a Leukemia Domain},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {445--448},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;knowledge-acquisition;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ fernando:1997a,
  author = {Tim Fernando},
  title = {A Modal Logic for Non-Deterministic Disambiguation},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Stuttgart.},
  topic = {disambiguation;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ fernando:1997b,
  author = {Tim Fernando},
  title = {Ambiguity under Changing Contexts},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {6},
  pages = {575--606},
  topic = {ambiguity;context;}  
  } 

@article{ fernando:1999a,
  author = {Tim Fernando},
  title = {A Modal Logic for Non-Deterministic Discourse
  	Processing},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {445--468},
  contentnote = {Correction: p. 465, weaken
	$(\phi\supset\phi) \iff (\phi>\psi)$
  to   	$(\phi\supset\phi) \supset (\phi>\psi)$
		},
  topic = {modal-logic;discourse-reasoning;discourse-interpretation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fernando:1999b,
  author = {Tim Fernando},
  title = {Non-Monotonicity from Constructing Semantic
			Representations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {7--12},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nm-ling;discourse-interpretation;}  
  } 

@article{ fernando:2001a,
  author = {Tim Fernando},
  title = {Ambiguous Discourse in a Compositional Context.  An
  	Operational Perspective},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {63--86},
  topic = {compositionality;nl-semantics;dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ferrandez-etal:1998a,
  author = {Antonio Ferr\'andez and Manuel Palomar and Lidia Moreno},
  title = {Anaphor Resolution In Unrestricted Texts With Partial
  	Parsing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {385--392},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;}  
} 

@article{ ferrari_g:1997a,
  author = {Giacomo Ferrari},
  title = {Types of Contexts and Their Role in Multimodal
  	Communication},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {414--426},
  topic = {context;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ferrari_g:1997b,
  author = {Giacomo Ferrari},
  title = {The Use of Nonverbal Communication in Human-Computer
  	Interaction},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {41--47},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;gestures;multimodal-communication;}  
  } 

@article{ ferrari_m:1997a,
  author = {Mauro Ferrari},
  title = {Cut-Free Tableau Calculi for some Intuitionistic
		Modal Logics},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {3},
  pages = {303--330},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;modal-logic;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ferrari_s:1996a,
  author = {St\'ephane Ferrari},
  title = {Using Textual Clues to Improve Metaphor Processing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {351--353},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;metaphor;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ ferrari_s:1999a,
  author = {St\'ephane Ferrari},
  title = {Review of {\it Processing Metonymy and Metaphor},
		by {D}an {F}ass},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {3},
  pages = {450--452},
  xref = {Review of fass:1997a.},
  topic = {discourse;psycholinguistics;metaphor;metonymy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ferrario:2001a,
  author = {Roberta Ferrario},
  title = {Counterfactual Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {170--183},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;conditional-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ ferreira:1999a,
  author = {Fernando Ferreira},
  title = {A Note on Finiteness in the Predicative
  	Foundations of Arithmetic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {2},
  pages = {165--174},
  topic = {predicativity;foundations-of-arithmetic;}  
  } 

@article{ ferreira_f-wehmeier:2002a,
  author = {Fernando Ferreira and Kai F. Wehmeier},
  title = {On the Consistency of the $\Delta^1_1$-{CA} Fragment
  	of {F}rege's {G}rundgesetze},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {31},
  number = {4},
  pages = {301--311},
  topic = {consistency-proofs;Frege;} 
  } 

@book{ ferreiros:1999a,
  author = {Jose Ferreir\'os},
  title = {Labyrinth of Thought.  A History of Set Theory and Its
  	Role in Modern Mathematics},
  publisher = {Birkh\"auser Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Basel},
  xref = {Review; kanamori:2001a.},
  topic = {history-of-mathematics;set-theory;foundations-of-mathematics;}  
 } 

@article{ ferreiros:2001a,
  author = {Jos\'e Ferreiros},
  title = {The Road to Modern Logic---An Interpretation},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {441--484},
  topic = {history-of-logic;philosophical-logic;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ ferret-etal:1998a,
  author = {Olivier Ferret and Brigitte Grau and Nicolas Masson},
  title = {Thematic Segmentation of Texts: Two Methods for Two Kind
  	of Texts},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {392--396},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {text-segmentation;}  
} 

@book{ festinger-katz:1953a,
  editor = {Leon Festinger and Daniel Katz},
  title = {Research Methods in the Behavioral Sciences},
  publisher = {Dryden Press},
  year = {1953},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {social-science-methodology;behavioral-science-methodology;}  
 } 

@book{ festinger-etal:1956a,
  author = {Leon Festinger and Henry W. Riecken and Stanley Schachter},
  title = {When Prophecy Fails: A Social and Psychological Study of a
  	Modern Group that Predicted the Destruction of the World},
  publisher = {Harper and Row},
  year = {1956},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {019853745X (v. 1)},
  topic = {religious-fanaticism;}  
 } 

@book{ festinger:1962a,
  author = {Leon Festinger},
  title = {A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance},
  publisher = {Stanford University Press},
  year = {1962},
  address = {Stanford},
  topic = {cognitive-dissonance;}  
 } 

@book{ festinger:1964a,
  author = {Leon Festinger},
  title = {Conflict, Decision, and Dissonance},
  publisher = {Stanford University Press},
  year = {1964},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {0231056729},
  topic = {decision-making;}  
 } 

@book{ festinger:1983a,
  author = {Leon Festinger},
  title = {The Human Legacy},
  publisher = {Columbia University Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0231056729},
  topic = {social-change;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fetzer_a:1999a,
  author = {Anita Fetzer},
  title = {Non-Acceptance: Re- or Un-Creating Context?},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {133--144},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fetzer_a:2001a,
  author = {Anita Fetzer},
  title = {Context in Natural-Language Communication:
    		Presupposed or Co-Supposed?},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {449--452},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;presupposition;}  
  } 

@article{ fetzer_jh-nute:1979a,
  author = {James H. Fetzer and Donald L. Nute},
  title = {Syntax, Semantics, and Ontology: A Probabilistic Causal Calculus},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {40},
  pages = {453--495},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {causality;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ fetzer_jh-nute:1980a,
  author = {James H. Fetzer and Donald Nute},
  title = {A Probabilistic Causal Calculus: Conflicting Conceptions},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {241--246},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {causality;probability;conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ fevre-wang:1998a,
  author = {St\'ephane F\'evre and Dongming Wang},
  title = {Combining Algebraic Computing and Term-Rewriting for
  	Geometry Theorem Proving},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {145--156},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {combining-systems;automated-algebra;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@book{ fiadeiro:1999a,
  editor = {J.L. Fiadeiro},
  title = {Recent Trends in Algebraic Development Techniques: 13th
  	International Workshop, {WADT}'98 Lisbon},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-540-66246-4},
  topic = {abstract-data-types;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fiedler:1998a,
  author = {Armin Fiedler},
  title = {Macroplanning with a Cognitive Architecture for the
  	Adaptive Explanation of Proofs},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {88--97},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;explanation;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ field:1973a,
  author = {Hartry Field},
  title = {Theory Change and the Indeterminacy of Reference},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {70},
  pages = {462--481},
  topic = {reference;conceptual-framework;}  
} 

@article{ field:1977a,
  author = {Hartry Field},
  title = {Logic, Meaning, and Conceptual Role},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {69},
  pages = {379--408},
  topic = {conceptual-role-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ field:1978a,
  author = {Hartry Field},
  title = {A Note on {J}effrey Conditionalization},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {45},
  pages = {361--367},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@book{ field:1980a,
  author = {Hartry Field},
  title = {Science without Numbers: A Defense of Nominalism},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Princeton},
  topic = {nominalism;formalizations-of-physics;logic-and-ontology;
		formalizations-of-geometry;}  
 } 

@article{ field:1992a,
  author = {Hartry Field},
  title = {A Nominalistic Proof of the Conservativeness of Set Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {111--123},
  topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ fiengo-lasnik:1972a,
  author = {Robert Fiengo and Howard Lasnik},
  title = {The Logical Structure of Reciprocal Sentences in
  	{E}nglish},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {447--468},
  missinginfo = {Year, volume are a guess.},
  topic = {reciprical-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ fiengo:1981a,
  author = {Robert Fiengo},
  title = {Opacity in {NP}},
  journal = {Linguistic Analysis},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {395--421},
  topic = {referential-opacity;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ fiengo-may:1994a,
  author = {Robert Fiengo and Robert May},
  title = {Indices and Identity},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;LF;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fiengo-may_r:1996a,
  author = {Robert Fiengo and Robert May},
  title = {Anaphora and Identity},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {117--144},
  topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ fiengo-may:1998a,
  author = {Robert Fiengo and Robert May},
  title = {Names and Expressions},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {95},
  number = {8},
  pages = {377--409},
  topic = {reference;identity;intensionality;Pierre-puzzle;}  
  } 

@article{ fikes:1970a,
  author = {Richard E. Fikes},
  title = {{REF-ARF}: A System for Solving Problems Stated as
  	Procedures},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {27--120},
  topic = {problem-solving;}  
  } 

@article{ fikes-nilsson_nj:1971a,
  author = {Richard E. Fikes and  Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {{\sc strips}: A New Approach to the Application of Theorem
  	Proving to Problem Solving},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3--4},
  year = {1971},
  pages = {189--208},
  xref = {Commentary: fikes-nilsson_nj:1993a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;STRIPS;}  
  } 

@article{ fikes-etal:1972a1,
  author = {Richard E. Fikes and P.E. Hart and Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {Learning and Executing Generalized Robot Plans},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  pages = {251--288},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1--3},
  year = {1972},
  xref = {Republication: fikes-etal:1972a1.},
  topic = {machine-learning;planning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fikes-hendrix:1978a,
  author = {Richard E. Fikes and Gary G. Hendrix},
  title = {The Deduction Component},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {355--374},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;discourse-reasoning;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ fikes:1981a,
  author = {Richard E. Fikes},
  title = {Odyssey: A Knowledge-Based Assistant},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  pages = {331--361},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We describe an investigation into the representation and use of
     task domain knowledge to assist with the acquisition of data in
     an office information system. In particular, a demonstration
     system called Odyssey is described which assists with the
     filling out of a collection of electronic forms in the
     preparation for a business trip. The system uses knowledge about
     trip planning to maintain consistency of the acquired data,
     infer additional values and data base records, reformat field
     entries on the forms, correct spelling errors, etc. We discuss
     the `frame oriented' style of programming used to design and
     implement Odyssey that combines `frame-structured' knowledge
     representation and `object oriented' programming. We focus on
     the problems involved with allowing the user at any time to
     enter or change information in any of the forms. A dependency
     maintenance facility is described that deals with those problems
     by allowing the application of domain knowledge to data whenever
     it enters the data base, and the removal of derived results
     whenever the data used in the derivation is removed or changed.},
  topic = {frames;planning;kr;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fikes-etal:1981a,
  author = {Richard Fikes and Peter Hart and Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {Learning and Executing Generalized Robot Plans},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {231--249},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: fikes-etal:1972a1.},
  topic = {planning;}  
  } 

@article{ fikes-kehler:1985a,
  author = {Richard Fikes and Tom Kehler},
  title = {The Role of Frame-Based Representation in Reasoning},
  journal = {Communications of the {ACM}},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {28},
  number = {9},
  pages = {904--920},
  month = {September},
  contentnote = {Describes KEE, explains its use to manage rules in a
  	production system.  General discussion of frames as KR
	technique.},
  topic = {kr;frames;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ fikes-nilsson_nj:1993a,
  author = {Richard E. Fikes and  Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {{STRIPS}, a Retrospective},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {227--232},
  xref = {Commentary on  fikes-nilsson_nj:1971a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;STRIPS;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fikes:1996a,
  author = {Richard Fikes},
  title = {Ontologies: What are They, and Where's the Research?},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {652--654},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;computational-ontology;kr-course;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ fikes-farquhar:1997a,
  author = {Richard Fikes and Adam Farquhar},
  title = {Large-Scale Repositories of Highly Expressive Reusable
  	Knowledge},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Knowledge Systems Laboratory,
  	Stanford University},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;large-kr-systems;computational-ontology;}  
  } 

@article{ filip-carlson_g:2001a,
  author = {Hana Filip and Gregory N. Carlson},
  title = {Distibutivity Strengthens Reciprocity, Collectivity
  	Weakens It},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {417--466},
  topic = {distributive/collective-readings;reciprical-constructions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fillmore:1968a,
  author = {Charles J. Fillmore},
  title = {The Case for Case},
  booktitle = {Universals in Linguistic Theory},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston},
  year = {1968},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Robert Harms},
  pages = {1--88},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {thematic-roles;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fillmore:1971a,
  author = {Charles J. Fillmore},
  title = {Verbs of Judging: An Exercise in Semantic Description},
  booktitle = {Studies in Linguistic Semantics},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {273--289},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ fillmore:1971a2,
  author = {Charles Fillmore},
  title = {Lectures on Deixis},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {IULC Publication: fillmore:1975a.},
  topic = {deixis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fillmore:1971b,
  author = {Charles J. Fillmore},
  title = {Types of Lexical Information},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {370--392},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;lexicon;}  
  } 

@book{ fillmore:1971c,
  editor = {Charles J. Fillmore},
  title = {Working Papers in Linguistics No. 10},
  publisher = {Department of Linguistics, The Ohio State University},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Columbus, Ohio},
  topic = {case-grammar;}  
 } 

@book{ fillmore-langendoen:1971a,
  editor = {Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terence Langendoen},
  title = {Studies in Linguistic Semantics},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston},
  year = {1971},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fillmore:1972a,
  author = {Charles Fillmore},
  title = {On Generativity},
  booktitle = {Goals of Linguistic Theory},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Stanley Peters},
  pages = {1--19},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fillmore:1972b,
  author = {Charles J. Fillmore},
  title = {Subjects, Speakers and Roles},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {1--24},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;thematic-roles;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ fillmore:1975a1,
  author = {Charles J. Fillmore},
  title = {Santa {C}ruz Lectures on Deixis},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1975},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  xref = {Republication: fillmore:1975a2.},
  topic = {indexicals;deixis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fillmore:1977a,
  author = {Charles J. Fillmore},
  title = {The Case for Case Reopened},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 8: Grammatical Relations},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {Peter Cole and Jerry M. Sadock},
  pages = {59--81},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {thematic-roles;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fillmore:1977b,
  author = {Charles J. Fillmore},
  title = {Scenes-and-Frames Semantics},
  booktitle = {Linguistic Structures Processing},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fillmore:1981a,
  author = {Charles J. Fillmore},
  title = {Pragmatics and the Description of Discourse},
  booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {143--166},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {pragmatics;deixis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ filman:1991a,
  author = {Robert E. Filman},
  title = {Ascribing Artificial Intelligence to (Simpler)
     		Machines, or When {AI} Meets the Real World},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {73--89},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {ai-editorial;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ fine:1981a,
  author = {Kit Fine},
  title = {Acts, Events and Things},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {identity;individuation;}  
  } 

@article{ fine:2000a,
  author = {Kit Fine},
  title = {Semantics for the Logic of Essence},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {5},
  pages = {543--584},
  topic = {metaphysics;essence;essentialism;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ fine_a:1982a,
  author = {Arthur Fine},
  title = {Joint Distributions, Quantum Correlations, and Commuting
  	Observables},
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Physics},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {1306--1310},
  missinginfo = {number},
  title = {Plato on Naming},
  journal = {The Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {27},
  number = {109},
  pages = {289--301},
  topic = {Plato;reference;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ fine_g:1979a,
  author = {Gail Fine},
  title = {False Belief in the {T}heaetetus},
  journal = {Phronesis},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {70--80},
  topic = {Plato;philosophy-of-belief;}  
  } 

@article{ fine_k:1970a,
  author = {Kit Fine},
  title = {Propositional Quantifiers in Modal Logic},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {336--346},
  missinginfo = {number.},
  topic = {higher-order-modal-logic;propositional-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ fine_k:1971a,
  author = {Kit Fine},
  title = {Critical Review of {D}. {L}ewis' `Counterfactuals'\, } ,
  year = {1971},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ fine_k:1974a,
  author = {Kit Fine},
  title = {Models for Entailment},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {347--372},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ fine_k:1975a1,
  author = {Kit Fine},
  title = {Vagueness, Truth and Logic},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {265--300},
  missinginfo = {number.},
  xref = {Republication: fine_k:1975a1.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fine_k:1975a2,
  author = {Kit Fine},
  title = {Vagueness, Truth, and Logic},
  booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {119--150},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of fine_k:1975a1.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ fine_k:1977a,
  author = {Kit Fine},
  title = {Properties, Propositions and Sets},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {135--191},
  topic = {intensional-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ fine_k:1978a,
  author = {Kit Fine},
  title = {Model Theory for Modal Logic Part I---The
  	{\em De Re\/}/{\em De Dicto} Distinction},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {125--156},
  topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;singular-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ fine_k:1978b,
  author = {Kit Fine},
  title = {Model Theory for Modal Logic---Part {II}: The Elimination of
  	{\em De Re} Modality},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {277--306},
  topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;singular-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ fine_k:1981a,
  author = {Kit Fine},
  title = {Model Theory for Modal Logic---Part {III}, Existence and
  	Predication},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {293--307},
  topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;reference-gaps;}  
  } 

@article{ fine_k:1983a,
  author = {Kit Fine},
  title = {The Permutation Principle in Quantificational Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--37},
  topic = {axiomatizations-of-FOL;}  
  } 

@article{ fine_k-tennant_n:1983b,
  author = {Kit Fine and Neil Tennant},
  title = {A Defence of Arbitrary Objects},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {57},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {55--77},
  xref = {Same as fine_k:1984a?},
  topic = {arbitrary-objects;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fine_k:1984a,
  author = {Kit Fine},
  title = {A Defense of Arbitrary Objects},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {123--142},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Same as fine_k:1983a?},
  topic = {arbitrary-objects;}  
  } 

@article{ fine_k-mccarthy:1984a,
  author = {Kit Fine and Timothy McCarthy},
  title = {Truth without Satisfaction},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {397--421},
  topic = {truth-definitions;}  
  } 

@article{ fine_k:1985a,
  author = {Kit Fine},
  title = {Natural Deduction and Arbitrary Objects},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--107},
  topic = {arbitrary-objects;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ fine_k:1988a,
  author = {Kit Fine},
  title = {Semantics for Quantified Relevance Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--59},
  topic = {relavance-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fine_k:1994a,
  author = {Kit Fine},
  title = {Essence and Modality: The Second Philosophical
		Perspectives Lecture},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {1--16},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {metaphysics;essence;essentialism;modal-logic;
  	internal/external-properties;}  
  } 

@article{ fine_k:1995a,
  author = {Kit Fine},
  title = {The Logic of Essence},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {241--273},
  topic = {modal-logic;reference;individuation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fine_k-schurz:1996a,
  author = {Kit Fine and Gerhard Schurz},
  title = {Transfer Theorems for Multimodal Logics},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {169--213},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {Transfer theorems have to do with transferring
  	properties of monomodal logics to the combination.},
  title = {Cantorian Abstractionism: A Reconstruction and Defense},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {95},
  number = {12},
  pages = {599--634},
  topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ fine_k:2000a,
  author = {Kit Fine},
  title = {Neutral Relations},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {109},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--33},
  topic = {metaphysics;relations;}  
  } 

@article{ fingarette:1967a,
  author = {Herbert Fingarette},
  title = {Performatives},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {39--48},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ finger_j:1986a,
  author = {J.J. Finger},
  title = {Exploiting Constraints in Design Synthesis},
  school = {Department of Computer Science, Stanford University},
  year = {1986},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.  Check date. Some refs say 1987.},
  contentnote = {This is what Stickel calls "predicate specific abduction".
  	Also, this is the original reference for the so-called
	"ramification problem".},
  topic = {abduction;theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@article{ finger_m-gabbay:1992a,
  author = {Marcelo Finger and Dov M. Gabbay},
  title = {Adding a Temporal Dimension to a Logic System},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {203--233},
  title = {Review of {\it The Imperative Future: Principles of
  	Executable Temporal Logic}, by {H}. {B}arringer, {M}. {F}isher, {D}.
	{G}abbay, {R}.  {O}wens and {M}. {R}eynolds},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {105--106},
  topic = {temporal-logic;temporal-reasoning;software-engineering;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ finin:1980a,
  author = {Timothy W. Finin},
  title = {The Semantic Interpretation of Compound Nominals},
  school = {University of Illinois},
  year = {1980},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Urbana, Illinois},
  topic = {compound-nouns;}  
 } 

@incollection{ finin:1989a,
  author = {Timothy W. Finin},
  title = {{GUMS}---A General User Modeling Shell},
  booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {411--430},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {user-modeling;}  
 } 

@article{ fink-yang:1997a,
  author = {Eugene Fink and Qiang Wang},
  title = {Automatically Selecting and Using Primary Effects in
  	Planning: Theory and Experiments},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {89},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {285--315},
  topic = {planning;search;}  
  } 

@article{ finkel-fishburn_jp:1982a,
  author = {Raphael A. Finkel and John P. Fishburn},
  title = {Parallelism in Alpha-Beta Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {89--106},
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@article{ finkelstein_d:1977a,
  author = {David Finkelstein},
  title = {The {L}eibniz Project},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {425--439},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ finkelstein_d:1988a,
  author = {David Finkelstein},
  title = {Finite Physics},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {349--376},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {Idea is to use ideas from theory of computation to
  	reformulate QM.},
  topic = {foundations-of-physics;}  
  } 

@article{ finkelstein_l-markovitch:2001a,
  author = {Lev Finkelstein and Shaul Markovitch},
  title = {Optimal Schedules for Monitoring Anytime Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {126},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {63--108},
  topic = {anytime-algorithms;metareasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ finn-etal:1994a,
  author = {V.K. Finn and O.M. Anshakov and R.Sh. Grigola and M.I.
     	Zabeshailo},
  title = {Many-Valued Logics as Fragments of Formalized
	Semantics},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {239--272},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {multi-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ firby-etal:1995a,
  author = {R. James Firby and Roger E. Kahn and Peter N.
  	Prokopopowitz and Michael J. Swain},
  title = {An Architecture for Vision and Action},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {72--79},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {foundations-of-robotics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ firozabadi-lee:1998a,
  author = {B. Sadighi Firozabadi, Y.-H. Tan and R.M. Lee},
  title = {Formal Definitions of Fraud},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  pages = {275--288},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {logic-and-law;}  
  } 

@incollection{ firth:1969a,
  author = {Roderick Firth},
  title = {Austin's Argument From Illusion},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {254--266},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;phenomenalism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fischer_b-etal:1998a,
  author = {B. Fischer et al.},
  title = {Deduction-Based Software Component Retrieval},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {III}, Applications},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;software-engineering;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fischer_dm:1997a,
  author = {Dietrich H. Fischer},
  title = {Formal Redundancy and Consistency
     		Checking Rules for the Lexical Database
		{W}ord{N}et},
  booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of
  	Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari
  	and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks},
  pages = {22--31},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {wordnet;consistency-checking;}  
  } 

@book{ fischer_jm-ravizza:1994a,
  author = {John Martin Fischer and Mark Ravizza},
  title = {Responsibility and Control:  A Theory of Moral
  	Responsibility},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {A defense of compatibilism.},
  topic = {freedom;volition;responsibility;}  
 } 

@book{ fischer_jm:1995a,
  author = {John Martin Fischer},
  title = {The Metaphysics of Free Will},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {A defense of compatibilism.},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
 } 

@book{ fischer_jm-ravizza:1998a,
  author = {John Martin Fischer and Mark Ravizza},
  title = {Responsibility and Control: A Theory of Moral
  	Responsibility},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: mckenna:2001a.},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
 } 

@article{ fischer_jm:1999a,
  author = {John Martin Fischer},
  title = {Mele's {\it Autonomous Agents: From Self-Control
  	to Autonomy}},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  number = {3},
  pages = {133--143},
  xref = {Review of: mele:1995a.},
  topic = {action;volition;akrasia;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fischer_k-brandtpook:1998a,
  author = {Kerstin Fischer and Hans Brandt-Pook},
  title = {Automatic Disambiguation of Discourse Particles},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {107--113},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;disambiguation;}  
  } 

@article{ fischer_mj-ladner:1979a,
  author = {Michael J. Fischer and R.E. Ladner},
  title = {Propositional Dynamic Logic of Regular Programs},
  journal = {Journal of Computer and System Sciences},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {194--211},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ fischer_mj:1986a,
  author = {Michael J. Fischer},
  title = {The Consensus Problem in Unreliable Distributed Systems},
  institution = {Yale University},
  number = {RR--273},
  year = {1986},
  address = {New Haven, Connecticut},
  topic = {distributed-systems;protocol-analysis;mutual-beliefs;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ fischer_mj-immerman:1986a,
  author = {Michael J. Fischer and Neil Immerman},
  title = {Foundations of Knowledge for Distributed Systems},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {171--185},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ fischer_mj-immerman:1987a,
  author = {Michael J. Fischer and Neil Immerman},
  title = {Interpreting Logics of Knowledge in Propositional Dynamic
  	Logic With Converse},
  journal = {Information Processing Letters},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {25},
  number = {3},
  pages = {175--182},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ fischer_mj-zuck:1987a,
  author = {Michael J. Fischer and L.D. Zuck},
  title = {Relative Knowledge and Belief},
  institution = {Yale University},
  number = {TR--589},
  year = {1987},
  address = {New Haven, Connecticut},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;belief;}  
  } 

@article{ fischoff-etal:1984a,
  author = {B. Fischhoff and S.R. Watson and C. Hope},
  title = {Defining Risk},
  journal = {Policy Science},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {123--139},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {risk;}  
  } 

@book{ fishbein-ajzen:1975a,
  author = {Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen},
  title = {Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction
  	to Theory and Research},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Reading},
  ISBN = {0201020890},
  topic = {attitudes-in-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ fishburn:1964a,
  author = {Peter C. Fishburn},
  title = {Decision and Value Theory},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons, Inc.},
  year = {1964},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-theory;utility-theory;multiattribute-utility;}  
 } 

@book{ fishburn:1969a,
  author = {Peter C. Fishburn},
  title = {Utility Theory for Decision Making},
  publisher = {Robert E. Krieger Publishing Co.},
  year = {1969},
  address = {Huntington, New York},
  topic = {utility-theory;multiattribute-utility;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fishburn:1977a,
  author = {Peter C. Fishburn},
  title = {Multiattribute Utilities in Expected Utility Theory},
  booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  pages = {172--196},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@book{ fishburn:1982a,
  author = {Peter C. Fishburn},
  title = {Foundations of Expected Utility},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {foundations-of-utility;multiattribute-utility;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fishburn:1987a,
  author = {Peter C. Fishburn},
  title = {Independent Preferences},
  booktitle = {The New Palgrave: Utility and Probability},
  publisher = {Macmillan},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {John Eatwell and Murray Milgate and Peter Newman},
  pages = {121--127},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {multiattribute-utility;}  
  } 

@book{ fishburn:1988a,
  author = {Peter C. Fishburn},
  title = {Nonlinear Preference and Utility Theory},
  publisher = {The Johns Hopkins University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Baltimore},
  topic = {utility-theory;multiattribute-utility;}  
 } 

@article{ fishman-minker:1975a,
  author = {Daniel H. Fishman and Jack Minker},
  title = {$\Pi$-Representation: A Clause Representation for Parallel
  	Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {103--127},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     An extension to the clause form of the first-order predicate
     calculus is described which facilitates parallel search
     operations.  This notation, called parallel representation
     (Pi-representation), permits the representation of sets of
     clauses as single ``Pi-clauses''. Extensions to the operations
     of unification, factoring, and resolution which apply to this
     notation are also described, and the advantages of
     Pi-representation with respect to parallel searching, memory
     utilization, and the use of semantics are discussed.},
  topic = {search;parallel-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ fisler:1999a,
  author = {Kathi Fisler},
  title = {Timing Diagrams: Formalization and Algorithmic
  	Verification},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {323--361},
  topic = {reasoning-with-diagrams;}  
  } 

@book{ fitch_fb:1952a,
  author = {Frederic B. Fitch},
  title = {Symbolic Logic: An Introduction},
  publisher = {The Ronald Press Co.},
  year = {1952},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {logic-intro;natural-deduction;}  
 } 

@article{ fitch_fb:1964a,
  author = {Frederic B. Fitch},
  title = {Universal Metalanguages for Philosophy},
  journal = {Review of Metaphysics},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {17},
  number = {3},
  pages = {396--402},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ fitch_fb:1965a,
  author = {Frederic B. Fitch},
  title = {A Correlation between Modal Reduction Principles
  	and Properties of Relations},
  year = {1965},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Yale University},
  topic = {modal-logic;combinatory-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ fitch_fb:1966a,
  author = {Frederic B. Fitch},
  title = {Natural Deduction Rules for Obligation},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--12},
  topic = {deontic-logic;natural-deduction;} 
  } 

@article{ fitch_fb:1967a,
  author = {Frederic B. Fitch},
  title = {A Theory of Logical Essences},
  journal = {The Monist},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1},
  pages = {104--109},
  topic = {modal-logic;foundations-of-set-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ fitch_fb:1967b,
  author = {Frederic B. Fitch},
  title = {A Revision of {H}ohfeld's Theory of Legal Concepts},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {10},
  number = {39--40},
  topic = {deontic-logic;legal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ fitch_fb:1973a,
  author = {Frederic B. Fitch},
  title = {A Correlation Between Modal Reduction Principles
  	and Properties of Relations},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--101},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ fitch_fb:1973b,
  author = {Frederic B. Fitch},
  title = {Natural Deduction Rules for {E}nglish},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {89--104},
  topic = {nl-semantics;natural-deduction;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ fitch_fb:1975a,
  author = {Frederic B. Fitch},
  title = {The Relation between Natural Languages and Formal
  	Languages},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Yale University.},
  topic = {natural-language/formal-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fitch_gw:1993a,
  author = {G.W. Fitch},
  title = {Non Denoting},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {461--486},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {reference-gaps;}  
  } 

@article{ fitoussi-tennenholtz:2000a,
  author = {David Fitoussi and Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {Choosing Social Laws for Multi-Agent Systems: Minimality
  	and Simplicity},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {119},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {61--101},
  topic = {distributed-systems;artificial-societies;omulti-agent-systems;}  
  } 

@book{ fitting:1969a,
  author = {Melvin C. Fitting},
  title = {Intuitionistic Logic, Model Theory and Forcing},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  year = {1969},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ fitting:1985b,
  author = {Melvin Fitting},
  title = {A {K}ripke-{K}leene Semantics for Logic Programs},
  journal = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {295--312},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {logic-programming;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ fitting:1985c,
  author = {Melvin Fitting},
  title = {A Deterministic {P}rolog Fixpoint Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {111--118},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {logic-programming;fixpoint-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ fitting:1986a,
  author = {Melvin Fitting},
  title = {Notes on the Mathematical Aspects of {K}ripke's Theory
  	of Truth},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {75--88},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {truth;}  
  } 

@article{ fitting:1986b,
  author = {Melvin Fitting},
  title = {Partial Models and Logic Programming},
  journal = {Theoretical Computer Science},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {48},
  pages = {229--255},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {partial-logic;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ fitting:1987a,
  author = {Melvin Fitting},
  title = {Enumeration Operators and Modular Logic Programming},
  journal = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {11--21},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ fitting:1988a,
  author = {Melvin Fitting},
  title = {Logic Programming on a Topological Bilattice},
  journal = {Fundamenta Mathematicae},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {209--218},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {bilattices;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ fitting:1989a,
  author = {Melvin Fitting},
  title = {Modal Logic Should Say More Than It Does},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Lehmann College.},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ fitting:1989b,
  author = {Melvin Fitting},
  title = {Bilattices and the Theory of Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {225--256},
  topic = {bilattices;truth;}  
  } 

@article{ fitting:1991a,
  author = {Melvin Fitting},
  title = {Many-Valued Modal Logics},
  journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {335--3},
  topic = {multi-valued-logic;modal-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fitting:1993a,
  author = {Melvin Fitting},
  title = {Basic Modal Logic},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and
  	Logic Programming, Volume 1: Deductive
		 Methodologies},
    editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and  J.A. Robinson},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  pages = {368--448},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1993},
  missinginfo = {ed's 1st name},
  topic = {kr;logic-survey;modal-logic;kr-course;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ fitting:1995a,
  author = {Melving C. Fitting},
  title = {Annotated Revision Specification Programs},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  editor = {Wictor Marek and Anil Nerode and Marek Truszcynski},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {143--155},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-programming;belief-revision;} 
  } 

@article{ fitting:1997a,
  author = {Melvin Fitting},
  title = {A Theory of Truth Prefers Falsehood},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {477--500},
  topic = {truth;fixpoints;stable-models;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ fitting:1998a,
  author = {Melvin Fitting},
  title = {Bertrand {R}ussell, {H}erbrand's
		Theorem, and the Assignment Statement},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {14--28},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ fitting-mendelsohn:1998b,
  author = {Melvin Fitting and Richard L. Mendelsohn},
  title = {First Order Modal Logic},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Review: shehtman:2001a.},
  ISBN = {0-7923-5334-X},
  xref = {Review: } ,
  topic = {modal-logic;} 
 } 

@article{ fitzgerald:1985a,
  author = {Paul Fitzgerald},
  title = {The Crash of the Market in Futures},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {82},
  number = {10},
  pages = {560--562},
  topic = {branching-time;future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ fitzpatrick:1998a,
  author = {Eileen Fitzpatrick},
  title = {Review of {\it An Introduction to Text-to-Speech
  	Synthesis}, by {T}hierry {D}utoit},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {322--323},
  topic = {speech-generation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ flach:1996a,
  author = {Peter A. Flach},
  title = {Rationality Postulates for Induction},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {267--281},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {rationality;induction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ flach:1998a,
  author = {Peter A. Flach},
  title = {Comparing Consequence Relations},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {180--189},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ flach:2001a,
  author = {Peter A. Flach},
  title = {On the State of the Art in Machine Learning: A Personal
  	Review},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {131},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {199--222},
  xref = {Review of: langley:1996a, mitchell_tm:1997b, witten-frank_e:2000a,
  	adriaans-zantinge:1996a, weiss_sm-indurkhya:1998a},
  topic = {machine-learning;data-mining;AI-instruction;}  
  } 

@book{ flake:1998a,
  author = {Gary William Flake},
  title = {The Computational Beauty of Nature},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-56127-1},
  xref = {Review: berzins:2001a, moses_m-forrest:2001a},
  topic = {fractals;chaos-theory;computational-aesthetics;}  
 } 

@article{ flake:2001a,
  author = {Gary William Flake},
  title = {{G}.{W}. {F}lake, {\it {T}he Computational Beauty of
  	Nature}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {129},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {243--244},
  xref = {Response to berzins:2001a, moses_m-forrest:2001a, which are
  	reviews of flake:1998a.},
  topic = {fractals;chaos-theory;computational-aesthetics;}  
  } 

@book{ flanagan:1984a,
  author = {Owen {Flanagan, Jr.}},
  title = {The Science of the Mind},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {026256031-3},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;foundations-of-cognitive-science;
  	philosophy-of-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ flanagan-rorty_ao:1990a,
  editor = {Owen {Flanagan, Jr.} and Am\'elie Oksenberg Rorty},
  title = {Identity, Character, and Morality : Essays In Moral
  	Psychology},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262061155},
  topic = {philosophical-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ flanagan:1992a,
  author = {Owen {Flanagan, Jr.}},
  title = {Consciousness Reconsidered},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {consciousness;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ flank:1998a,
  author = {Sharon Flank},
  title = {A Layered Approach to {NLP}-Based Information Retrieval},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {397--403},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {information-retrieval;WordNet;}  
} 

@article{ fleck:1996a,
  author = {Margaret M. Fleck},
  title = {The Topology of Boundaries},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {80},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--27},
  topic = {visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ fleming_a:1988a,
  author = {Alan Fleming},
  title = {Geometric Relationships between Toleranced Features},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {403--412},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The design for a mechanical part often includes tolerance
     information.  Tolerances can be defined with tolerance zones and
     datums. A tolerance zone is a region of space in which a portion
     of the surface of a real part must lie. A datum is a point, an
     infinite line or an infinite plane. This paper shows how a
     toleranced part can be represented as a network of tolerance
     zones and datums connected by arcs to which inequality
     constraints are attached. The network can be extended to deal
     with assemblies of parts. The work can be applied in
     computer-aided design where a tolerance specification needs to
     be checked.},
  topic = {CAD;device-modeling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fleming_gh:2000a,
  author = {Gordon N. Fleming},
  title = {Reeh-{S}chlieder Meets {N}ewton-{W}igner},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S494--S515},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;relativity-theory;quantum-field-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ flener-popelmnsky:1994a,
  author = {Pierre Flener and Lubos Popelmnsky},
  title = {On the Use of Inductive
     		Reasoning in Program Synthesis: Prejudice and
		Prospects},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {69--87},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-program-synthesis;}  
  } 

@book{ flew:1960a,
  editor = {Antony Flew},
  title = {Essays in Conceptual Analysis},
  publisher = {Macmillam},
  year = {1960},
  address = {London},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@incollection{ flew:1960b,
  author = {Antony Flew},
  title = {Philosophy and Language},
  booktitle = {Essays in Conceptual Analysis},
  publisher = {Macmillam},
  year = {1960},
  editor = {Antony Flew},
  pages = {1--20},
  address = {London},
  topic = {philosophy-and-language;}  
  } 

@book{ flick:1998a,
  author = {Uwe Flick},
  title = {An Introduction to Qualitative Research},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {qualitative-methods;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ flickinger-etal:1985a,
  author = {Daniel Flickinger and Carl Pollard and Thomas Wasow},
  title = {Structure-Sharing in Lexical Representation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {William Mann},
  pages = {262--267},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Morristown, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;GPSG;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ flickinger:1987a,
  author = {Daniel Flickinger},
  title = {Lexical Rules in the Hierarchical Lexicon},
  school = {Linguistics Department, Stanford University},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  month = {September},
  topic = {lexicon;computational-lexicography;inheritance-in-lexicon;
  	lexical-rules;}  
 } 

@article{ flickinger-nerbonne:1992a,
  author = {Daniel Flickinger and John Nerbonne},
  title = {Inheritance and Complementation: A Case Study of {\it Easy} 
  	Adjectives and Related Nouns},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {269--310},
  topic = {nm-ling;computational-lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fliegelstone-etal:1997a,
  author = {Steve Fliegelstone and Mike Pacey and Paul Rayson},
  title = {How to Generalize the Task of Annotation},
  booktitle = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  pages = {122--136},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;}  
  } 

@article{ flinchbaugh-chandrasekaran:1981a,
  author = {Bruce E. Flinchbaugh and B. Chandrasekaran},
  title = {A Theory of Spatio-Temporal Aggregation for Vision},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {387--407},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A theory of spatio-temporal aggregation is proposed as an
     explanation for the visual process of grouping together elements
     in an image sequence whose motions and positions have consistent
     interpretations as the retinal projections of a coherent or
     isolated cluster of `particles' in the physical world.
     Assumptions of confluence and adjacency are made in order to
     constrain the infinity of possible interpretations to a
     computationally more manageable domain of plausible
     interpretations.  Confluence and adjacency lead to the
     derivation of specific rules for grouping which permit the
     appropriate aggregation of rigid and quasi-rigid objects in
     motion and at rest under a variety of conditions. The theory is
     reconciled with existing computational theories of vision so as
     to complement them, and to provide a useful link in the
     continual abstraction of visual information.  } ,
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
  } 

@book{ floridi:1999a,
  editor = {Luciano Floridi},
  title = {Philosophy and Computing},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1999},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0 415 18024 4 (Hb), 0 415 18024 2 (Pb), } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-technology;philosophy-of-computing;}  
 } 

@book{ flower:1987a,
  author = {Linda Flower},
  title = {Interpretive Acts: Cognition and the Construction of
  	Discourse},
  publisher = {University of California, Center for the Study of Writing},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Berkeley, California},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
 } 

@book{ floyd:1992a,
  editor = {Christiane Floyd},
  title = {Software Development and Reality Construction},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {354054349X (paper)},
  topic = {software-engineering;virtual-reality;}  
 } 

@incollection{ flum:1995a,
  author = {J\"org Flum},
  title = {Model Theory of Topological Structures},
  booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W.
  	Szczerba},
  pages = {297--312},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {model-theory;topology;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ flychteriksson:1999a,
  author = {Annika Flycht-Eriksson},
  title = {A Survey of Knowledge Sources in Dialogue Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jan Alexandersson},
  pages = {41--48},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@incollection{ flychteriksson-jonsson:2000a,
  author = {Annika Flycht-Eriksson and Arne J\"onsson},
  title = {Dialogue and Domain Knowledge Management in Dialogue
  	Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  pages = {121--130},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@book{ fodor_ja-katz:1964a,
  editor = {Jerry A. Fodor and J.J. Katz},
  title = {The Structure of Language: Readings in the Philosophy of
  	Language},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1964},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@article{ fodor_ja:1965a1,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {Could Meaning be a $\gamma_m$?},
  journal = {Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {73--81},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: fodor_ja:1965a2.},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;nl-semantics;reference;} 
  } 

@incollection{ fodor_ja:1971a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {Could Meaning be a $\gamma_m$?},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {558--568},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Republication of: fodor_ja:1965a1.},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;nl-semantics;reference;} 
  } 

@incollection{ fodor_ja:1972a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {Troubles about Actions},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {48--69},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {action;events;nl-semantics;Donald-Davidson;}  
  } 

@book{ fodor_ja:1975a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {The Language of Thought},
  publisher = {Thomas A. Crowell Co.},
  year = {1975},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mental-representations;mental-language;}  
 } 

@article{ fodor_ja:1980a1,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {Methodological Solipsism Considered as a Research Strategy
        in Cognitive Psychology},
  journal = {The Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {63--73},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republished: fodor_ja:1980a2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fodor_ja:1980a2,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {Methodological Solipsism Considered as a Research Strategy
        in Cognitive Psychology},
  booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {John Haugeland},
  pages = {307--338},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Originally Published: fodor_ja:1980a1.},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ fodor_ja-etal:1980a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor and Merrill F. Garrett and E.C. Walker
  	and C.H. Parkes},
  title = {Against Definitions},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {263--367},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;
  	meaning-postulates;semantic-primitives;}  
  } 

@book{ fodor_ja:1981a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {Representations: Philosophical Essays on the
             Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  year = {1981},
  topic = {foundations-of-psychology;foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
    } 

@book{ fodor_ja:1983a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {The Modularity of Mind: An Essay on Faculty Psychology},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;cognitive-modularity;}  
 } 

@article{ fodor_ja:1984a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {Observation Reconsidered},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1},
  pages = {23--43},
  xref = {Reprinted in fodor_ja:1994a.},
  topic = {observation;phenomenalism;}  
  } 

@article{ fodor_ja:1984b,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {Semantics, {W}isconsin Style},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {59},
  number = {3},
  pages = {231--250},
  xref = {Reprinted in fodor_ja:1994a},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;information-flow-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ fodor_ja:1985a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {Fodor's Guide to Mental Representation: The Ingelligent
  	Auntie's Vade-Mecum},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {94},
  pages = {76--100},
  xref = {Reprinted in fodor_ja:1994a},
  topic = {representation;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fodor_ja:1986a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {Why Paramecia Don't Have Mental
     		Representations},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {1--23},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {mental-representations;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@book{ fodor_ja:1987a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {Psychosemantics: The Problem of Meaning in the
             Philosophy  of Mind},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  year = {1987},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;
  	philosophy-of-mind;}  
    } 

@incollection{ fodor_ja:1987b,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {Modules, Frames, Fridgeons, Sleeping Dogs, and
         the Music of the Spheres},
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem
             in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  pages = {139--149},
  topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ fodor_ja:1988a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {A Reply to {C}hurchland's `Perceptual Plasticity and
       		Theoretical Necessity{'}},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {55},
  number = {2},
  pages = {188--198},
  xref = {Reprinted in fodor_ja:1994a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;cognitive-modularity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fodor_ja:1989a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {Substitution Arguments and the Individuation
		of Beliefs},
  booktitle = {Method, Reason and Language},
  publisher = {The Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {George Boolos},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {pages.},
  xref = {Reprinted in fodor_ja:1994a.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fodor_ja:1989b,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {Why Should the Mind Be Modular?},
  booktitle = {Reflections on {C}homsky},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Alexander George},
  address = {Oxford},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Reprinted in fodor_ja:1994b.},
  topic = {cognitive-modularity;}  
  } 

@article{ fodor_ja:1989c,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {Making Mind Matter More},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  volume = {17},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {59--79},
  xref = {Reprinted in fodor_ja:1994a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
    } 

@book{ fodor_ja-lepore:1992a,
  author = {Jerry Fodor and Ernest Lepore},
  title = {Holism: A Shopper's Guide},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {063118192X (alk. paper)},
  topic = {holism;philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ fodor_ja:1994a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {The Elm and the Expert: Mentalese and Its Semantics},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;cognitive-semantics;
  	foundations-of-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ fodor_ja:1994b,
  editor = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {A Theory of Content and Other Essays},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambrudge, Massachusetts},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. "Fodor's Guide to Mental Representation", pp. 3--29
	2. "Semantics, {W}isconsin Style", pp. 31--49
	3. "A Theory of Content, {I}: The Problem", pp. 51--87
	4. "A Theory of Content, {II}: The Theory", pp. 89--136
	5. "Making Mind Matter More", pp. pp. 137--159
	6. "Substitution Arguments and the Individuation
		of Beliefs", pp. 161--176
	7. "Review of {S}teven {S}chiffer's {\em Remnants of
		Meaning}", pp. 177--191
       10. "Pr\'ecis of {\it Modularity of Mind}", pp. 195--206
       11. "Why Should the Mind Be Modular?", pp. 207--230
       12. "Observation Reconsidered", pp. 231--251
       13. "A Reply to {C}hurchland's `Perceptual Plasticity and
       		Theoretical Necessity{'}", pp. 269--263
   } ,
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;foundations-of-semantics;
  	philosophy-of-mind;representation;information-flow-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fodor_ja:1994c,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {A Theory of Content, {I}: The Problem},
  booktitle = {A Theory of Content and Other Essays},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  pages = {51--87},
  address = {Cambrudge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fodor_ja:1994d,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {A Theory of Content, {II}: The Theory},
  booktitle = {A Theory of Content and Other Essays},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  pages = {89--136},
  address = {Cambrudge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fodor_ja-lepore:1994a,
  author = {Jerry Fodor and Ernie Lepore},
  title = {Is Radical Interpretation Possible?},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {101--119},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;radical-interpretation;holism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fodor_ja:1995a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {A Theory of the Child's Theory of Mind},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {109--122},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology;
  	developmental-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ fodor_ja-lepore:1996a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor and Ernest Lepore},
  title = {What Cannot Be Evaluated Cannot Be Evaluated, and It
  	Cannot Be Superevaluated Either},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {93},
  number = {10},
  pages = {516--535},
  topic = {supervaluations;truth-value-gaps;meaningfulness;}  
  } 

@article{ fodor_ja-lepore:1996b,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor and Ernest Lepore},
  title = {Impossible Words?},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {445--453},
  xref = {Criticism, discussion: hale_k:1999a.},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ fodor_ja-lepore:1996c,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor and Ernest Lepore},
  title = {All at Sea in Semantic Space: {C}hurchland
		on Meaning Similarity},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {95},
  number = {8},
  pages = {381--403},
  xref = {Commentary: abbott_b:2000a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;synonymy;
		cognitive-semantics;state-space-semantics;
		conceptual-role-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fodor_ja:1997a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {Special Sciences: Still Autonomous after All These
				Years},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {149--163},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ fodor_ja:1998a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {Concepts: Where Cognitive Science Went Wrong},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
 } 

@book{ fodor_ja:1998b,
  editor = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {In Critical Condition: Polemical Essays
  	on Cognitive Science and Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@article{ fodor_ja-lepore:1998a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor and Ernest Lepore},
  title = {The Emptiness of the Lexicon: Reflections on
  	{J}ames {P}ustejovsky's {\em The Generative Lexicon}},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  pages = {269--288},
  xref = {Discussion of pustejovsky:1993a.},
  topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;lexical-semantics;
  	semantic-primitives;}  
  } 

@book{ fodor_ja:2000a,
  author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {The Mind Doesn't Work That Way},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-06212-7},
  topic = {cognitive-modularity;foundations-of-cognitive-science;
  	philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@article{ fodor_jd-etal:1975a,
  author = {Janet Dean Fodor and Jerry A. Fodor and Merrill F. Garrett},
  title = {The Psychological Unreality of Semantic Representations},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {515--531},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;psychological-reality;}  
  } 

@article{ fodor_jd-frazier:1980a,
  author = {Janet Dean Fodor and Lyn Frazier},
  title = {Is the Human Sentence Parsing Mechanism an {ATN}?},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {417--459},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {parsing-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fodor_jd:1982a,
  author = {Janet Dean Fodor},
  title = {The Mental Representation of Quantifiers},
  booktitle = {Processes, Beliefs, and Questions},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {Stanley Peters and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {129--164},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-semantics-and-cognition;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ fodor_jd-sag:1982a1,
  author = {Janet D. Fodor and Ivan Sag},
  title = {Referential and Quantificational Indefinites},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {355--398},
  number = {3},
  xref = {Republication: fodor_jd-sag:1982a2.},
  topic = {indefiniteness;nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fodor_jd-sag:1982a2,
  author = {Janet Dean Fodor and Ivan A. Sag},
  title = {Referential and
    		Quantificational Indefinites},
  booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Peter Ludlow},
  pages = {475--521},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of fodor_jd-sag:1982a1.},
  topic = {indefiniteness;nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ fodor_jd:1983a,
  author = {Janet Dean Fodor},
  title = {Phrase Structure Parsing and the Island Constraints},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {163--223},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;GPSG;parsing-algorithms;
  	syntactic-islands;}  
  } 

@article{ fodor_jd:1985a,
  author = {Janet Dean Fodor},
  title = {Situations and Representations},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13--22},
  topic = {situation-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ fodor_jd-crain:1990a,
  author = {Janet Dean Fodor and Stephen Crain},
  title = {Phrase Structure Parameters},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  pages = {619--659},
  topic = {GPSG;HPSG;}  
  } 

@book{ fogelin:1972a,
  author = {Robert J. Fogelin},
  title = {Understanding Arguments},
  publisher = {Harcourt Brace Jovanovich},
  year = {1972},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {argumentation;}  
 } 

@article{ fogelin:1974a,
  author = {Robert Fogelin},
  title = {Austinian Ifs},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {81},
  number = {324},
  pages = {578--580},
  topic = {JL-Austin;conditionals;} 
  } 

@book{ fokkink:2000a,
  author = {Wan Fokkink},
  title = {Introduction to Process Algebra},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-540-66579-X},
  topic = {labelled-transition-systems;program-verification;}  
 } 

@incollection{ foley_r:1986a,
  author = {Richard Foley},
  title = {Is It Possible to Have Contradictory Beliefs?},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {327--355},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {belief;paraconsistency;}  
  } 

@book{ foley_w-vanvalin:1984a,
  author = {W. Foley and R. van Valin},
  title = {Functional syntax and Universal Grammar},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-syntax;functional-grammar;universal-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ follesdal:1967a,
  author = {Dagfinn F{\o}llesdal},
  title = {Comments on {S}tenius `Mood and Language-Game'\, } ,
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {275--280},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ follesdal:1969a,
  author = {Dagfinn F{\o}llesdal},
  title = {Quine on Modality},
  booktitle = {Words and Objections: Essays on the Work of {W.V.O.} {Q}uine},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Jaakko Hintikka},
  pages = {175--185},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {Quine;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ follesdal-hilpinen:1971a,
  author = {Dagfinn F{\o}llesdal and Risto Hilpinen},
  title = {Deontic Logic: An Introduction},
  editor = {Risto Hilpinen},
  booktitle = {Deontic Logic: Introductory and Systematic Readings},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  year = {1971},
  pages = {1--35},
  trnote = {tmix-project;} ,
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
    } 

@article{ follesdal:1978a,
  author = {Dagfinn F{\o}llesdal},
  title = {Brentano and {H}usserl on Intentional Objects and Perception},
  journal = {Grazer Philosophische Studien},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {83--94},
  topic = {phenomenology;intentionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ follesdal:1979a,
  author = {Dagfinn F{\o}llesdal},
  title = {Husserl and {H}eidegger on the Role of Actions in the
		Constitution of the World},
  booktitle = {Essays in Honour of {J}aakko {H}intikka},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Esa Saarinen and Risto Hilpinen and Ilkka Niiniluoto and
		M. Provence Hintikka},
  pages = {365--378},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {phenomenology;action;}  
  } 

@incollection{ follesdal:1980a,
  author = {Dagfinn F{\o}llesdal},
  title = {Semantik},
  booktitle = {Handbuch wissenschaftstheoretischer {B}egriffe},
  publisher = {Verlag Vandenhoek \& Ruprecht},
  year = {1980},
  editor = {Josef Speck},
  address = {G\"ottingen},
  missinginfo = {pages,year is a guess},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ follett:1979a,
  author = {Ria Follett},
  title = {Synthesising Recursive Functions with Side Effects},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {175--200},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Automatic Program Synthesis involves the automatic generation of
     a program (or plan) to achieve a specific goal.  This means that
     smaller pre-defined (or previously synthesised) program segments
     are combined or modified to achieve the total goal.  To guarantee
     that the required goal is actually achieved, the interaction
     between these program segments must be identified and
     considered.  This paper shows how the side effects of segments
     can be derived and constructively used in achieving the required
     goal, and in guaranteeing the correctness of the resulting
     program.  A program synthesising system PROSYN using these
     principles will then be described.  A trace of a sample program
     synthesis, which generates a program that solves a general set
     of linear simultaneous equations, is given in the appendix.},
  topic = {program-synthesis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fong_s-berwick:1981a,
  author = {Sandiway Fong and Robert C. Berwick},
  title = {The Computational Implementation of Principle-Based
  	Parsers},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  pages = {9--24},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;GB-syntax;universal-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fong_s-berwick:1991a,
  author = {Sandiway Fong and Robert C. Berwick},
  title = {The Computational Implementation of Principle-Based
  	Parsers},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  chapter = {2},
  pages = {9--24},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {principle-based-parsing;}  
  } 

@book{ fontentelle:1997a,
  author = {Thierry Fontentelle},
  title = {Turning a Bilingual Dictionary
  	into a Lexical-Semantic Database},
  publisher = {Max Niemeyer Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {T\"ubingen},
  topic = {multilingual-lexicons;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ foo-zhang_dm:1999a,
  author = {Norman Foo and Dongmo Zhang},
  title = {Convergency of Iterated Belief Changes},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
	Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Michael Thielscher},
  pages = {73--78},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {belief-change;}  
  } 

@article{ foo-peppas:2001a,
  author = {Norman F. Foo and Pavlos Peppas},
  title = {Realization for Causal Non-Deterministic Input-Output
  	Systems},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {439--440},
  topic = {input-output-systems;causality;action-formalisms;
  	concurrent-actions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ foot:1978a,
  author = {Phillipa R. Foot},
  title = {Reasons for Acting and Desires},
  booktitle = {Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Joseph Raz},
  pages = {178--184},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {motivation;desires;reasons-for-action;}  
  } 

@article{ foot:1983a,
  author = {Philippa Foot},
  title = {Moral Realism and Moral Dilemma},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  volume = {80},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {379--398},
  topic = {ethics;moral-conflict;}  
    } 

@unpublished{ forbes:1980a,
  author = {Graeme Forbes},
  title = {Thisness and Vagueness},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {vagueness;individuation;}  
  } 

@article{ forbes:1981a,
  author = {Graham Forbes},
  title = {Conditional Obligation and Counterfactuals},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {73--99},
  topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;individuation;}  
  } 

@article{ forbes:1988a,
  author = {Graeme Forbes},
  title = {Physicalism, Instrumentalism and the Semantics of Modal
  	Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {271--298},
  topic = {philosophy-of-possible-worlds;foundations-of-modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ forbes:1989a,
  author = {Graeme Forbes},
  title = {Indexicals},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume 4},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenthner},
  pages = {464--490},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;indexicals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ forbes:1989b,
  author = {Graeme Forbes},
  title = {Biosemantics and the Normative Properties of Thought},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {533--547},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;biosemantics;}  
  } 

@article{ forbes:1993a,
  author = {Graeme Forbes},
  title = {Solving the Iteration Problem},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  pages = {311--330},
  topic = {nl-semantics;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ forbes:1994a,
  author = {Graeme Forbes},
  title = {A New Riddle of Existence},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {415--430},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {philosophical-thought-experiments;proper-names;
  	philosophical-ontology;(non)existence;}  
  } 

@book{ forbes:1995a,
  author = {Graham Forbes},
  title = {The Metaphysics of Modality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {metaphysics;modal-logic;philosophy-of-possible-worlds;}  
 } 

@article{ forbes:1996a,
  author = {Graeme Forbes},
  title = {Substitutivity and the Coherence of Quantifying In},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {105},
  number = {3},
  pages = {337--372},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ forbes:1996b,
  author = {Graeme Forbes},
  title = {Logic, Logical Form, and the Open Future},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 10: Metaphysics, 1996},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {73--92},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {branching-time;}  
  } 

@article{ forbes:2000a,
  author = {Graeme Forbes},
  title = {Objectual Attitudes},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2},
  pages = {141--183},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;individual-attitudes;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ forbes:2000b,
  author = {Graeme Forbes},
  title = {The Logic of Intensional Transitives: Some Questions},
  year = {2000},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Tulane University.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;individual-attitudes;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ forbes:2000c,
  author = {Graeme Forbes},
  title = {Intensional Transitive Verbs: The Limitations of
  	a Clausal Analysis},
  year = {2000},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Tulane University.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;individual-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ forbus:1984a,
  author = {Kenneth D. Forbus},
  title = {Qualitative Process Theory},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {85--168},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@techreport{ forbus:1985a,
  author = {Kenneth D. Forbus},
  title = {The Problem of Existence},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University
  	of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign},
  number = {UIUCDCS--R--85--1239},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Urbana, Illinois},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ forbus:1988a,
  author = {Kenneth D. Forbus},
  title = {Qualitative Physics: Past, Present, and Future},
  booktitle = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Howard E. Shrobe},
  pages = {239--296},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ forbus:1988b,
  author = {Kenneth D. Forbus},
  title = {The Qualitative Process Engine},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Beckman Institute, University of
  	Illinois},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {qualitative-reasoning;qualitative-simulation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ forbus:1989a,
  author = {Kenneth D. Forbus},
  title = {Introducing Actions into Qualitative Simulation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, CA},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {qualitative-reasoning;qualitative-simulation;action;
  	action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@article{ forbus-etal:1991a,
  author = {Kenneth D. Forbus and Paul Nielsen and Boi Faltings},
  title = {Qualitative Spatial Reasoning: The {\sc Clock} Project},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {417--471},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;spatial-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ forbus:1993a,
  author = {Kenneth D. Forbus},
  title = {Qualitative Process Theory: Twelve Years After},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {115--123},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ forbus:1995a,
  author = {Kenneth D. Forbus},
  title = {Introducing Actions Into Qualitative Simulation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {1273--1278},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {actions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ forbus:1995b,
  author = {Kenneth Forbus},
  title = {Qualitative Spatial Reasoning: Framework and Frontiers},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {183--202},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;
  	qualitative-physics;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ forbus:1998a,
  author = {Kenneth D. Forbus},
  title = {Causal Reasoning in Common Sense Physics---Global Theories
  	or Local Bootstraps?},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  year = {1998},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  pages = {12},
  note = {Abstract.},
  topic = {causality;qualitative-physics;}  
 } 

@article{ forbus-etal:1999a,
  author = {Kenneth D. Forbus and Peter B. Whalley and John O. Everett
  	and Leo Ureel and Mike Brokowski and Julie Baher and
	Sven E. Kuehne},
  title = {Cycle{P}ad: An Articulate Virtual Laboratory for Engineering
  	Thermodynamics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {114},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {297--347},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     One of the original motivations for research in qualitative
     physics was the development of intelligent tutoring systems and
     learning environments for physical domains and complex systems.
     This article demonstrates how a synergistic combination of
     qualitative reasoning and other AI techniques can be used to
     create an intelligent learning environment for students learning
     to analyze and design thermodynamic cycles.  Pedagogically this
     problem is important because thermodynamic cycles express the
     key properties of systems which interconvert work and heat, such
     as power plants, propulsion systems, refrigerators, and heat
     pumps, and the study of thermodynamic cycles occupies a major
     portion of an engineering student's training in thermodynamics.
     This article describes CyclePad, a fully implemented articulate
     virtual laboratory that captures a substantial fraction of the
     knowledge in an introductory thermodynamics textbook and
     provides explanations of calculations and coaching support for
     students who are learning the principles of such cycles.
     CyclePad employs a distributed coaching model, where a
     combination of on-board facilities and a server-based coach
     accessed via email provide help for students, using a
     combination of teleological and case-based reasoning.  CyclePad
     is a fielded system, in routine use in classrooms scattered all
     over the world.  We analyze the combination of ideas that made
     CyclePad possible and comment on some lessons learned about the
     utility of various AI techniques based on our experience in
     fielding CyclePad.
  } ,
  topic = {qualitative-physics;intelligent-tutoring;
  	computer-assisted-science;}  
  } 

@book{ ford_km-hayes:1991a,
  editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Patrick J. Hayes},
  title = {Reasoning Agents in a Dynamic World: The Frame Problem},
  publisher = {JAI Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Greenwich, Connecticut},
  ISBN = {1559380829},
  xref = {Review: toth:1995a.},
  topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ ford_km-etal:1995a,
  editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Clark Glymour and Patrick J. Hayes},
  title = {Android Epistemology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0262061848},
  topic = {epistemology;philosophy-of-AI;philosophy-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ ford_km-pylyshyn:1996a,
  editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn},
  title = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem
             in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  year = {1996},
  contentnote = {TC:
     0. Zenon Pylyshyn, "The Frame Problem Blues: Once More, with
         Feeling", pp. xi-- xviii
     1. Daniel C. Dennett, "Producing Future by Telling
         Stories", pp. 1--7
     2. Eric Dietrich and Chris Fields, "The Role of the Frame
         Problem in Fodor's Modularity Thesis: A Case Study of
         Rationalist Cognitive Science", pp. 9--24
     3. Clark Glymour, "The Adventures among the Asteroids of
         {A}ngela {A}ndroid, Series 8400XF with an Afterword
         on Planning, Prediction, Learning, the Frame Problem,
         and a Few Other Subjects", pp. 25--34
     4. Lars-Erik Janlert, "The Frame Problem: Freedom or
         Stability?  With Pictures we can Have Both", pp. 35--48
     5. Henry J. Kyburg, Jr., "Dennett's Beer", pp. 49--60
     6. Eric Lormand, "The Holorobophobe's Dilemma", pp. 61--88
     7. Ronald P. Loui, "Back to the Scene of the Crime: Or,
         Who Survived the {Y}ale Shooting?", pp. 89--98
     8. Leora Morgenstern, "The Problem with Solutions to the
          Frame Problem", pp. 99--133
     9. Patrick J. Hayes and Kenneth M. Ford and Neil M. Agnew,
         "Epilog: {G}oldilocks and the Frame Problem", pp. 135--137
  } ,
  ISBN = {1567501435 (pbk)},
  topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;}  
    } 

@article{ forguson:1966a1,
  author = {Lynd W. Forguson},
  title = {In Pursuit of Performatives},
  journal = {Philosophy},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {41},
  pages = {341--347},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Reprinted in fann:1969a; see forguson:1966a2.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ forguson:1966a2,
  author = {Lynd W. Forguson},
  title = {In Pursuit of Performatives},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {412--419},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  xref = {Reprinted in; see forguson:1966a2.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ forguson:1969a,
  author = {Lynd W. Forguson},
  title = {Austin's Philosophy of Action},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {127--147},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ forguson:1969b,
  author = {Lynd W. Forguson},
  title = {Has {A}yer Vindicated the Sense-Datum Theory?},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {309--341},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;phenomenalism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ forguson:1973a,
  author = {Lynd W. Forguson},
  title = {Locutionary and Illocutionary Acts},
  booktitle = {Essays on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Isiah Berlin et al.},
  pages = {160--185},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ forguson:1989a,
  author = {Lynd W. Forguson},
  title = {Common Sense},
  publisher = {Richard Clay, Ltd.},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Bungay, England},
  contentnote = {This is a psychological and philosophical study.
  	There is a discussion of the acquisition of common sense
	birth to 4 years.  Reid and Moore are discussed.  The general
	purpose is to defend common sense philosophy from skeptical
	attacks.},
  topic = {common-sense;skepticism;}  
 } 

@article{ forgy:1982a,
  author = {Charles L. Forgy},
  title = {Rete: A Fast Algorithm for the Many Pattern/Many Object
  	Pattern Match Problem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17--37},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The Rete Match Algorithm is an efficient method for comparing a
     large collection of patterns to a large collection of objects.
     It finds all the objects that match each pattern. The algorithm
     was developed for use in production system interpreters, and it
     has been used for systems containing from a few hundred to more
     than a thousand patterns and objects. This article presents the
     algorithm in detail. It explains the basic concepts of the
     algorithm, it describes pattern and object representations that
     are appropriate for the algorithm, and it describes the
     operations performed by the pattern matcher.  } ,
  topic = {rete-networks;AI-algorithms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ forman:1974a,
  author = {Donald Forman},
  title = {The Speaker Knows Best Principle},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth Regional Meeting of the
  	Chicago Linguistics Society},
  year = {1974},
  pages = {162--177},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society},
  address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ forman:1976a,
  author = {Donald Forman},
  title = {Common Sense and Indirect Speech Acts},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Progam, State University
  	of New York at Binghamton.},
  contentnote = {Idea: to deploy a speaker-meaning interpretive
  	theory of indirect speech acts.},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ forrester:1984a,
  author = {James W. Forrester},
  title = {Gentle Murder, or the Adverbial {S}amaritan},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {81},
  pages = {193--197},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ forrester:1996a,
  author = {James W. Forrester},
  title = {Being Good and Being Logical: Philosophical
  	Groundwork for a New Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {M.E. Sharpe},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Armouk, New York},
  ISBN = {1-56324-880-8},
  xref = {Review: swirydowicz:1999a.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;metaethics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ forster_ki:1990a,
  author = {Kenneth I. Forster},
  title = {Lexical Processing},
  booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science,
     Vol. 1.},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {95--131},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;lexicon;}  
  } 

@article{ forster_t:2001a,
  author = {Thomas Forster},
  title = {Review of {\it Mathematical Logic for Computer Science},
  	by {Z}hongwan {L}u},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {149--150},
  xref = {Review of: lu_zw:1998a.},
  topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;}  
  } 

@article{ forster_te-rood:1996a,
  author = {T.E. Forster and C.M. Rood},
  title = {Sethood and Situations},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {405--408},
  topic = {situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ fortnow-kimmel:1998a,
  author = {Lance Fortnow and Peter Kimmel},
  title = {Beating a Finite Automaton in the Big Match},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {225--234},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {game-theory;finite-state-automata;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ fosler:1996a,
  author = {J. Eric Fosler},
  title = {On Reversing the Generation Process in Optimality Theory},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {354--365},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {optimality-theory;parsing-algorithms;}  
 } 

@incollection{ foss-fay:1977a,
  author = {Donald J. Foss and David Fay},
  title = {Linguistic Theory and Performance Models},
  booktitle = {Testing Linguistic Hypotheses},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David Cohen and Jessica Worth},
  pages = {65--91},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {parsing-psychology;competence;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ foster_g:2000a,
  author = {George Foster},
  title = {Incorporating Position Information into a
     	     Maximum Entropy/Minimum Divergence Translation Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {37--42},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;statistical-nlp;machine-translation;}  
  } 

@book{ foster_j:2000a,
  author = {John Foster},
  title = {The Nature of Perception},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: jackson_f:2000a.},
  topic = {epistemology;perception;} 
 } 

@incollection{ foster_ja:1976a,
  author = {J.A. Foster},
  title = {Meaning and Truth Theory},
  booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell},
  pages = {1--32 } ,
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {Davidson-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ foucoult:1971a,
  author = {M. Foucoult},
  title = {The Discourse on Language},
  journal = {Social Science Information},
  year = {1971},
  pages = {7--10},
  note = {Translated by Rupert Swyer.},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, volume, number},
  topic = {continental-philosophy;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ fouks-signac:2001a,
  author = {J.-D. Fouks and L. Signac},
  title = {The Problem of Survival from an Algorithmic Point of View},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {133},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {87--116},
  topic = {behavior-based-AI;reactive-AI;emergent-behavior;}  
  } 

@article{ foulks:1999a,
  author = {Frank Foulks},
  title = {On the Concept of the Scale},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {3},
  pages = {235--264},
  topic = {foundations-of-music;phenomenalism;}  
  } 

@article{ foulser-etal:1992a,
  author = {David E. Foulser and Ming Li and Quang Ling},
  title = {Theory and Algorithms for Plan Merging},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {57},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {143--181},
  topic = {plan-reuse;}  
  } 

@article{ fowler-etal:1983a,
  author = {Glenn Fowler and Robert Haralick and F. Gail Gray and
  	Charles Feustel and Charles Grinstead},
  title = {Efficient Graph Automorphism by Vertex Partitioning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {245--269},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We describe a vertex partitioning method and squeeze tree search
     technique, which can be used to determine the automorphism
     partition of a graph in polynomial time for all graphs tested,
     including those which are strongly regular.  The vertex
     partitioning procedure is based on first transforming the graph
     by the 1- or 2-subdivision transform or the 1- or 2-superline
     transform and then employing a distance signature coding
     technique on the vertices of the transformed graph.  The
     resulting adjacency refinement partition of the transformed
     graph is reflected back to the original graph where it can be
     used as an initial vertex partition which is equal to or coarser
     than the desired automorphism partition.
      The squeeze tree search technique begins with two partitions,
     one finer than the automorphism partition and one coarser than
     the automorphism partition.  In essence, it searches through all
     automorphisms refining the coarser partition and coarsening the
     finer partition until the two are equal.  At this point the
     result is the automorphism partition.  The vertex partitioning
     method using the 2-superline graph transform preceding the
     squeeze tree search is so powerful that for all the graphs in
     our catalog (random, regular, strongly regular, and balanced
     incomplete block designs) it produces the automorphism
     partition, thereby making the tree search nothing more than a
     verification that the initial partition is indeed the
     automorphism partition.},
  topic = {search;graph-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ fox_ba:1987a,
  author = {B.A. Fox},
  title = {Interactional Reconstruction in Real-Time Language Processing},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {365--388},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;nl-processing;nl-understanding;}  
  } 

@book{ fox_ba:1996a,
  author = {Barbara Fox},
  title = {Studies in Anaphora},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {anaphora;}  
 } 

@article{ fox_d:1995a,
  author = {Danny Fox},
  title = {Economy and Scope},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {283--341},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;}  
  } 

@article{ fox_d:1999a,
  author = {Danny Fox},
  title = {Reconstruction, Binding Theory, and the Interpretation
  	of Chains},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {30},
  number = {2},
  pages = {157--196},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;binding-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ fox_d:2000a,
  author = {Danny Fox},
  title = {Economy and Semantic Interpretation},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: bhatt:2002a,},
  topic = {syntax-semantics-interface;nl-quantifier-scope;} 
 } 

@inproceedings{ fox_j1-clarke:1991a,
  author = {J. Fox and M. Clarke},
  title = {Towards a Formalization of Arguments in Decision Making},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1991 {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Argument and Belief},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {92--99},
  organization = {AAAI},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;argumentation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fox_j2-etal:1991a,
  author = {John Fox and Paul Krause and Mirko Dohnal},
  title = {An Extended Logic Language for Representing Belief},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {63--69},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {belief;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ fox_j2-parsons:1997a,
  author = {John Fox and Simon Parsons},
  title = {On Using Arguments for Reasoning about Actions and Values},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {55--63},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;practical-reasoning;practical-argumentation;}  
  } 

@article{ fox_m-long_d:2001a,
  author = {Maria Fox and Derek Long},
  title = {{STAN}4: A Hybrid Planning Strategy Based on Subproblem
  	Abstraction},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {81--84},
  topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ fox_ms-gruninger:1998a,
  author = {Mark S. Fox and Michael Gruninger},
  title = {Enterprise Modeling},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {109--121},
  topic = {enterprise-modeling;}  
  } 

@techreport{ fox_r-josephson:1991a,
  author = {Richard Fox and John R. Josephson},
  title = {An Abductive Articulatory Recognition System},
  institution = {The Ohio State University},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Columbus, Ohio},
  note = {{LAIR} Technical Report},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fraczak-etal:1998a,
  author = {Lidia Fraczak and Guy Lapalme and Michael Zock},
  title = {Automatic Generation of Subway Direction:
		Salience Gradation as a Factor for Determining
		Message and Form},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {58--67},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ francescotti:1995a,
  author = {Robert M. Francescotti},
  title = {Even: The Conventional Implicature Approach Reconsidered},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {153--173},
  topic = {`even';conventional-implicature;}  
  } 

@article{ francescotti:1999a,
  author = {Robert M. Francescotti},
  title = {How to Define Intrinsic Properties},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  number = {4},
  pages = {590--609},
  topic = {internal/external-properties;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ francheset-montanari:1999a,
  author = {Massimo Francheset and Angelo Montanari},
  title = {Pairing Transitive Closure and Reduction to
		Efficiently Reason about Parftially Ordered Events},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
	Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Michael Thielscher},
  pages = {79--86},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {action-formalisms;event-calculus;planning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@book{ francis_wn:1964a,
  author = {W. Nelson Francis},
  year = {1964},
  title = {A Standard Sample of Present-day {E}nglish for use with
	Digital Computers.  Report to the U.S. Office of
	Education on Cooperative Research Project No.~E--007},
  publisher = {Brown University},
  address = {Providence},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ francis_wn-kucera_h:1982a,
  author = {W. N. Francis and H. Ku\c{c}era},
  title = {Frequency Analysis of {E}nglish Usage: Lexicon and Grammar},
  publisher = {Houghton Mifflin},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Boston},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;English-language;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ franconi:1992a,
  author = {Enrico Franconi},
  title = {Collective Entities and Relations in Concept Languages},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {31--35},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;extensions-f-KL1;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ franconi-etal:1992a,
  author = {Enrico Franconi and Bernardo Magnini and Oliviero Stock},
  title = {Prototypes in a Hybrid Language with Primitive
  	Descriptions},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {543--555},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;nonmonotonic-reasoning;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ frank_au:1997a,
  author = {Andrew U. Frank},
  title = {Spatial Ontology},
  booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Oliviero Stock},
  pages = {135--153},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {spatial-representation;computational-ontology;}  
  } 

@article{ frank_i-basin:1998a,
  author = {Ian Frank and David Basin},
  title = {Search in Games with Incomplete Information; a Case Study
  	Using Bridge Card Play},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {100},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {87--127},
  topic = {search;decision-making-under-uncertainty;
  	game-theoretic-reasoning;game-playing;}  
  } 

@article{ frank_mg-etal:1993a,
  author = {Mark G. Frank and Paul Ekman and Wallace V.  Friesen},
  title = {Behavioral Markers and Recognizability of the Smile
  	of Enjoyment},
  journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
  volume = {64},
  number = {1},
  pages = {83--93},
  year = {1993},
  topic = {facial-expressions;}  
  } 

@article{ frank_r-satta:1998a,
  author = {Robert Frank and Giorgio Satta},
  title = {Optimality Theory and the Generative Complexity of
  	Constraint Volatility},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {306--315},
  topic = {optimality-theory;complexity-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ frankfurt:1958a,
  author = {Harry G. Frankfurt},
  title = {Peirce's Notion of Abduction},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {55},
  pages = {588--597},
  topic = {abduction;Peirce;}  
  } 

@article{ frankfurt:1969a,
  author = {Harry G. Frankfurt},
  title = {Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {66},
  pages = {828--839},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {blameworthiness;freedom;}  
  } 

@article{ frankfurt:1971a,
 author = {Harry Frankfurt},
 title = {Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person},
 journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
 year = {1971},
 volume = {68},
 pages = {5--20},
 topic = {freedom;}  
 } 

@book{ franklin:1995a,
  editor = {Stan Franklin},
  title = {Artificial Minds},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-computation;}  
 } 

@article{ frankot-chellappa:1990a,
  author = {Robert T. Frankot and Rama Chellappa},
  title = {Estimation of Surface Topography from Sar Imagery Using
  	Shape from Shading Techniques},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3},
  pages = {271--310},
  topic = {computer-vision;map-building;}  
  } 

@book{ franz:1996a,
  author = {Alexander Franz},
  title = {Ambiguity Resolution in Natural Language},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  xref = {Review: monz:1999a.},
  topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ franz:1997a,
  author = {Alexander Franz},
  title = {Independence Assumptions Considered Harmful},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {182--189},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fraser_b:1971a,
  author = {Bruce Fraser},
  title = {An analysis of `even' in {E}nglish},
  booktitle = {Studies in Linguistic Semantics},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {150--178},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {even;sentence-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ fraser_b:1971b,
  author = {Bruce Fraser},
  title = {An Examination of the Performative Analysis},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1972},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  xref = {Revised publication: fraser:74a},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ fraser_b:1974a,
  author = {Bruce Fraser},
  title = {An Examination of the Performative Analysis},
  journal = {Papers in Linguistics},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {1--40},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fraser_b:1974b,
  author = {Bruce Fraser},
  title = {An Analysis of Vernacular Performative Verbs},
  booktitle = {Towards Tomorrow's Linguistics},
  publisher = {Georgetown University Press},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {R.W. Shuy and {C.-J.} Bailey},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ fraser_b:1988a,
  author = {Bruce Fraser},
  title = {Motor Oil is Motor Oil: An Account of {E}nglish
  	Nominal Tautologies},
  journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {215--220},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {implicature;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ fraser_n-hudson_nm:1990a,
  author = {Norman M. Fraser and Richard A. Hudson},
  title = {Word Grammar in Inheritance-Based Theory of Language},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {nm-ling;inheritance;}  
  } 

@book{ frawley:1997a,
  author = {William Frawley},
  title = {Vygotsky and Cognitive Science: Language and
  	the Unification of the Social and Computational Mind},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-674-94347-3},
  xref = {Review: luckin:1998a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-language;
  	psychology-general;context;} 
 } 

@article{ frazier-fodor_jd:1978a,
  author = {Lyn Frazier and Janet Dean Fodor},
  title = {The Sausage Machine: A New Two Stage Parsing Model},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {291--324},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {parsing-psychology;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ frazier:1982a,
  author = {Lyn Frazier},
  title = {A General Complexity Metric for Natural Language Sentences},
  year = {1982},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Massachusetts},
  topic = {parsing-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ frazier-clifton:1995a,
  author = {Lyn Frazier and Charles Clifton},
  title = {Construal},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;parsing-psychology;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ frede:1981a,
  author = {Dorothea Frede},
  title = {The Dramatization of Determinism: {A}lexander of
  	{A}phrodisias' de {F}ato},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {ancient-philosophy;future-contingent-propositions;
  	(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@book{ frede_d:1970a,
  author = {Dorothea Frede},
  title = {Aristoteles und die `Seeschlacht'\,"},
  publisher = {Vandenhoeck \& Ruprecht},
  year = {1970},
  address = {G\"ottingen},
  topic = {future-contingent-propositions;Aristotle;}  
 } 

@article{ frede_d:1998a,
  author = {Dorothea Frede},
  title = {{L}ogik, {S}prache und die {O}ffenheit der {Z}ukunft in
  	der {A}ntike {B}emerkungen zu zwei Neuen
	{F}orschungsbeitragen},
  journal = {Zeitschrift fur philosophische {F}orschung},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {52},
  number = {1},
  pages = {84--104},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The article discusses two recent publications on the relation
     between logic, language and the determination of the future. The
     first is a full length translation and commentary on Aristotle's
     ``De interpretatione'', Berlin 1994, by Hermann Weidemann (in
     German), containing a 100 page excusion on the problem of future
     contingency.  The second is the monograph on future contingency
     by Richard Gaskin, ``The Sea Battle and the Master Argument,
     Aristotle and Diodorus Cronus on the Metaphysics of the Future'',
     Berlin 1995.  Both authors provide a meticulous analysis of the
     problems and come to compatible conclusions concerning the need
     to adjust logic and language to the needs of metaphysics.  } ,
  xref = {Review of: aristotle-deint:bc, gaskin:1995a.},
  topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ frede_m:1975a,
  author = {Michael Frede},
  title = {Categories in {A}ristotle},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.},
  topic = {Aristotle;philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@article{ fredkin:1960a,
  author = {E. Fredkin},
  title = {Trie Memory},
  journal = {CACM},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {490--499},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {PAT-trees;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ freedle:1979a,
  editor = {Roy O. Freedle},
  title = {New Directions in Discourse Processing},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
} 

@article{ freeland:1985a,
  author = {Cynthia Freeland},
  title = {Aristotle on Possibilities and Capacities},
  journal = {Ancient Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {69--89},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {Aristotle;dispositions;potentiality;ability;}  
  } 

@article{ freeman_jw:1996a,
  author = {Jon W. Freeman},
  title = {Hard random 3-{SAT} Problems and the {D}avis-{P}utnam
		Procedure},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {81},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {183--198},
  topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;
  	computational-phase-transitions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ freeman_nh:1995a,
  author = {Norman H. Freeman},
  title = {Theories of Mind in Collision: Plausibility and Authority},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {68--86},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology;
	mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ frege:1881a,
  author = {Gottlob Frege},
  title = {Further Explanations of Sense and Denotation},
  year = {1881},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Jena.  Translated by Montgomery
  	Furth.},
  topic = {intensionality;logic-of-sense-and-denotation;}  
  } 

@book{ frege:1953a,
  author = {Gottlob Frege},
  title = {The Foundations of Arithmetic},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1953},
  address = {Oxford},
  edition = {2nd},
  note = {(Translated by J.L. Austin.)},
  topic = {logic-classics;}  
 } 

@book{ freidin:1976a,
  author = {Robert Freidin},
  title = {The Syntactic Cycle: Proposals and Alternatives},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1976},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {nl-syntax;transformational-grammar;} 
 } 

@book{ freidin:1991a,
  editor = {Robert Freidin},
  title = {Principles and Parameters in Comparative Grammar},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-syntax;principles-and-parameters-syntax;}  
 } 

@book{ freidin:1992a,
  author = {Robert Freidin},
  title = {Foundations of Generative Syntax},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-syntax;principles-and-parameters-syntax;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ freitag_d:1998a,
  author = {Dayne Freitag},
  title = {Toward General-Purpose Learning for Information
  	Extraction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {404--408},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {text-skimming;machine-learning;}  
} 

@incollection{ freitag_h-friedrich:1992a,
  author = {Hartmut Freitag and Gerhard Friedrich},
  title = {Focusing on Independent Diagnosis Problems},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {521--531},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;diagnosis;}  
  } 

@article{ freksa:1992a,
  author = {Christian Freksa},
  title = {Temporal Reasoning Based on Semi-Intervals},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {54},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {199--227},
  xref = {See freksa:1996a for a correction.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;kr;interval-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ freksa:1996a,
  author = {Christian Freksa},
  title = {Erratum to `Temporal Reasoning Based on Semi-Intervals'\, } ,
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {87},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {387},
  xref = {Correction to freksa:1992a.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;kr;krcourse;}  
  } 

@book{ freksa-etal:1998a,
  editor = {Christian Freksa and Christopher Habel and Karl F.
  	Wender},
  title = {Spatial Cognition: An Interdisciplinary Approach to
    Representing and Processing Spatial Knowledge},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540646035},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;spatial-representation;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ french-etal:1978a,
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  title = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein, "Introduction", pp. 3--4
     2. Saul Kripke, "Speaker's Reference and Semantic
     	Reference", pp. 6--27
     3. Keith S. Donnellan, "Speaker Reference, Descriptions,
     	and Anaphora", pp. 28--44
     4. Keith S. Donnellan, "The Contingent {\it A Priori} and
     	Rigid Designators", pp. 45--60
     5. Stephen Schiffer, "Naming and Knowing", pp. 61--74
     6. Baruch A. Brody, "Kripke on Proper Names", pp. 75--80
     7. Dennis W. Stampe, "Toward a Causal Theory of Linguistic
     	Representation", pp. 81--103
     8. Jerrold J. Katz, "The Neoclassical Theory of
     	Reference", pp. 103--124
     9. Hector-Neri Casta\~neda, "On the Philosophical Foundations
     	of the Theory of Communication", pp. 125--146
    10. Howard K. Wettstein, "Proper Names and Referential
    	Opacity", pp. 147--150
    11. Hector-Neri Casta\~neda, "The Causal and Epistemic Roles
    	of Proper Names in Our Thinking of Particulars", pp. 151--158
    12. Panayot Butchvarov, "Identity", pp. 159--178
    13. Michael Levin, "Explanation and Predication in
    	Grammar", pp.  179--188
    14. David E. Cooper, "The Deletion Argument", pp. 189--194
    15. Barbara Hall Partee, "Montague Grammar, Mental
    	Representations, and Reality", pp. 195--208
    16. Richmond H. Thomason, "Home is Where the Heart
    	Is", pp. 209--219
    17. Zeno Vendler, "Telling the Facts", pp. 220--232
    18. John R. Searle, "The Logical Status of Fictional
    	Discourse", pp. 233--243
    19. David Schwayder, "A Semantics of Utterance", pp. 244--259
    20. J.O. Urmson, "Performative Utterances", pp. 260--267
    21. W.V. Quine, "Intensions Revisited", pp. 268--274
    22. Michael Root, "Quine's Thought Experiment", pp. 275--289
    23. Bruce Aune, "Root on {Q}uine", pp. 290--293
    24. Donald Davidson, "The Method of Truth in
    	Metaphysics", pp. 294--304
    25. John Wallace, "Only in the Context of a Sentence
    	Do Words Have Any Meaning", pp. 305--325
    26. Herbert Hochberg, "Mapping, Meaning, and
    	Metaphysics", pp. 326--346
    27. Nelson Goodman, "Predicates without Properties", pp. 347--348
    28. Wilfrid Sellars, "Hochberg on Mapping, Meaning, and
    	Metaphysics", pp. 349--359
    29. Herbert Hochberg, "Sellars and Goodman on Predicates,
    	Properties, and Truth", pp. 360--368
    30. Fred I. Dretske, "Referring to Events", pp. 369--378
    31. Jaegwon Kim, "Causation, Emphasis, and
    	Events", pp. 379--382
    32. David Kaplan, "Dthat", pp. 383--400
    33. David Kaplan, "On the Logic of Demonstratives", pp. 401--412
  } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ french-etal:1978b,
  author = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {3--4},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ french-etal:1979a,
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  title = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}:
  	Studies in Metaphysics},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {metaphysics;causality;}  
 } 

@book{ french-etal:1984a,
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  title = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  note = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy 9.},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Hilary Putnam, "Is the Causal Structure of the Physical
		Itself Something Physical?"
  	2. Hector-Neri Castaneda, "Causes, Causity, and Strategy"
  	3. Peter Unger, "Minimizing Arbitrariness: Toward a
		Metaphysics of Infinitely Many Isolated Concrete
		Worlds"
  	4. David H. Sanford, "The Direction of Causation and the
		Direction of Time"
  	5. Alexander Rosenberg, "Mackie and Shoemaker on
		{D}ispositions and Properties"
  	6. Michael Tooley, "Laws and Causal Relations"
  	7. Ewan Fales, "Causation and Induction"
  	8. David S. Shwayder, "Hume Was Right, Almost, and Where He
		Wasn't, {K}ant Was"
  	9. Patrick Suppes, "Conflicting Intuitions about Causality"
       10. John Dupr\'e, "Probabilistic Causality Emancipated"
       11. John L. Pollock, "Nomic Probability"
       12. Ernan McMullan, "Two Ideals of Explanation in Natural
       		Science"
       13. Peter Achenstein, "A Type of Non-Causal Explanation"
       14. Brian Skyrms, "{EPR}: Lessons for Metaphysics"
       15. Jaegwon Kim, "Epiphenomenal and Supervenient Causes"
       16. Ernest Sosa, "Mind-Body Interaction and Supervenient
       		Causation"
       17. George Bealer, "Mind and Anti-Mind: Why Thinking Has No
       		Functional Definition"
       18. Laird Addis, "Parallelism, Interaction, and Causation"
       19. Arthur Collins, "Action, Causality and Teleological Explanation"
       20. Zeno Vendler, "Agency and Causation"
       21. Michael Devitt, "Thoughts and Their Ascription"
       22. Edward Erwin, "Establishing Causal Connections: Meta-Analysis
       		and Psychotherapy"
       23. William G. Lycan, "A Syntactically Motivated Theory of
       		Conditionals"
       24. Penelope Maddy, "How the Causal Theorist Follows a Rule"
       25. Joseph Almog, "Semantical Anthropology"
       26. Michael McKinsey, "Causality and the Paradox of Names"
       28. Fred Dretske and Berent En\c, "Causal Theories of Knowledge"
       29. Colin McGinn, "The Concept of Knowledge"
       30. James van Cleve, "Reliabiity, Justification, and the Problem
       		of Induction"
       31. Brian P. McLaughlin, "Perception, Causation, and
       		Supervenience"
       32. Chris Swoyer, "Causation and Identity"
  } ,
  topic = {causality;}  
 } 

@book{ french-etal:1986a,
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  title = {Studies in Essentialism},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  ISBN = {0816615519},
  topic = {essentialism;metaphysics;}  
 } 

@book{ french-etal:1986b,
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  title = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Jerry A. Fodor, "Why Paramecia Don't Have Mental
     		Representations", pp. 1--23
     2. Lynne Rudder Baker, "Just What Do We Have in Mind?", pp. 25--48
     3. Brian O'Shaughnessy, "Consciousness", pp. 49--62
     4. Peter Unger, "Consciousness", pp. 63--100
     5. Sydney Shoemaker, "Introspection and Self", pp. 101--120
     6. Eddy Zemach, "Unconscious Mind or Conscious Minds?", pp. 121--149
     7. David M. Rosenthal, "Intentionality", pp. 151--184
     8. Michael Bratman, "Intention and Evaluation", pp. 185--189
     9. Hugh J. McCann, "Rationality and the Range of
     		Intention", pp. 191--211
    10. Myles Brand, "Intentional Acts and Plans", pp. 213--230
    11. George Bealer, "The Logical Status of Mind", pp. 231--274
    12. Jennifer Hornsby, "Bodily Movements, Actions, and
    		Intentionality", pp. 275--286
    13. Igal Kvart, "Kripke's Belief Puzzle", pp. 287--325
    14. Richard Foley, "Is It Possible to Have Contradictory
    		Beliefs?", pp. 327--355
    15. Curtis Brown, "What Is a Belief State?", pp. 357--378
    16. Avrun Stroll, "Seeing Surfaces", pp. 379--398
    17. Amelie Oksenberg Rorty, "The Historicity of Psychological
    		Attitudes: Love is Not Love Which Alters Not
		When it Alteration Finds", pp. 399--412
    18. Robert Kraut, "Love {\em De Re}", pp. 413--430
    19. Richard Swinburne, "The Indeterminism of Human
    		Actions", pp. 431--449
    20. David Shatz, "Free Will and the Structure of
    		Motivation", pp. 451--482
    21. Mark Bedau, "Cartesian Interaction", pp. 483--502
    22. Jay F. Rosenberg, "\,`I Think': Some Reflections on {K}ant's
    		Paralogisms", pp. 503--530
    23. Godfrey Vesey, "Concepts of Mind\,", pp. 531--557
    24. Bruce Aune, "Other Minds after Twenty Years", pp. 559--574
    25. Jerry Samet, "Concepts Troubles with {F}odor's
    		Nativism", pp. 575--594
    26. Ernest LePore and Barry Loewer, "Solipsistic
    		Semantics", pp. 595--614
    27. Ned Block, "Advertisement for a Semantics for
    		Psychology", pp. 615--678
  } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@book{ french-etal:1989a,
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  title = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language {II}},
  publisher = {University of Notre Dame Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Notre Dame},
  ISBN = {0268013748},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ frese-etal:1987a,
  editor = {Michael Frese and Eberhard Ulich and Wolfgang Dzida},
  title = {Psychological Issues of Human-Computer Interaction in the
  	Work Place},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444703187 (U.S.)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fretheim-dommelen:1999a,
  author = {Thorstein Fretheim and Wim A. {van Dommelen}},
  title = {Building	Context with Intonation},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {463--466},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;intonation;}  
  } 

@article{ freuder:1980a,
  author = {Eugene C. Freuder},
  title = {On the Knowledge Required to Label a Picture Graph},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--17},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     I analyze the information content of scene labels and provide a
     measure for the complexity of line drawings.  The Huffman-Clowes
     label set is found to contain surprisingly little additional
     information as compared to more basic label sets.  The complexity
     of a line drawing is measured in terms of the amount of local
     labeling required to determine global labeling.  A bound is
     obtained on the number of lines which must be labeled before a
     full labeling of a line drawing is uniquely determined.  Methods
     are provided for obtaining subsets of lines whose labeling is
     sufficient to imply the labeling of the remaining lines.  I
     present an algorithm which combines local sensory probing with
     knowledge of labeling constraints to proceed directly to a
     labeling analysis of a given scene.},
  topic = {line-drawings;}  
  } 

@incollection{ freuder:1991a,
  author = {Eugene C. Freuder},
  title = {Completeable Representations of Constraint Satisfaction
  	Problems},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {186--195},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ freund:1991a,
  author = {Michael Freund},
  title = {A Semantic Characterization of Disjunctive Relations},
  booktitle = {Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence. Research
  	International Workshop {FAIR}'91},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {72--83},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  note = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 535.},
  missinginfo = {editors,check booktitle,check topic},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ freund-etal:1991a,
  author = {Michael Freund and Daniel Lehmann and Paul Morris},
  title = {Rationality, Transitivity, and Contraposition},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {52},
  number = {2},
  pages = {191--203},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The purpose of this note is to compare the rule of Rational
     Monotonicity proposed in [3] and different rules expressing some
     weak forms of Transitivity and Contraposition. We present four
     weak forms of Transitivity that, in preferential logic, are
     equivalent to Rational Monotonicity and a weak form of
     Contraposition that is strictly weaker than Rational
     Monotonicity but equivalent to it in the presence of Disjunctive
     Rationality.
  } ,
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;contraposition;}  
  } 

@article{ freund-lehmann:1991a,
  author = {Michael Freund and Daniel Lehmann},
  title = {Rationality, Transitivity, and Contraposition},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {52},
  number = {2},
  pages = {191--203},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ freund:1992a,
  author = {Michael Freund},
  title = {Supracompact Inference Operations},
  booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt},
  pages = {59--73},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ freund-lehmann:1992a,
  author = {Michael Freund and Daniel Lehmann},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Inference Operations},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, Hebrew University},
  number = {TR--92--2},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Jerusalem},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ freund-lehmann:1994a,
  author = {Michael Freund and Daniel Lehmann},
  title = {Belief Revision and Rational Inference},
  institution = {Leibniz Center for Research in Computer Science,
  	The Hebrew University of Jerusalem},
  number = {TR 94--16},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Jerusalem 91904, Israel},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ freund:1997a,
  author = {Michael Freund},
  title = {Default Extensions: Dealing With Computer Information},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {92},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {277--288},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;conditionals;knowledge-integration;}  
  } 

@article{ freund_m:1998a,
  author = {Michael Freund},
  title = {Preferential Reasoning in the Perspective of {P}oole
		Default Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {98},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {209--235},
  topic = {default-logic;default-preferences;}  
  } 

@article{ freund_m:1999a,
  author = {Michael Freund},
  title = {Statics and Dynamics of Induced Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {110},
  number = {1},
  pages = {103--134},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A collection of formulae, regarded as a set of prerequisite-free
     normal defaults, generates a nonmonotonic inference relation
     through its Reiter skeptical extension. The structure of the
     initial set totally determines the behavior of the associated
     inference relation, and the aim of this paper is to investigate
     in two directions the link that exists between a set of defaults
     and its induced inference relation.  First, we determine the
     structural conditions corresponding to the important property of
     rationality.  For this purpose, we introduce the notion of
     stratification for a set of defaults, and prove that stratified
     sets are exactly those that induce a rational inference
     relation.  This result is shown to have interesting consequences
     in belief revision theory, as it can be used to define a
     nontrivial full meet revision operator for belief bases.  Then,
     we adopt a dynamic point of view and study the effects, on the
     induced inference relation, of a change in the set of defaults.
     In this perspective, the set of defaults, considered as a
     knowledge base, together with its induced inference relation is
     treated as an expert system. We show how to modify the original
     set of defaults in order to obtain as output a rational
     relation. We propose a revision procedure that enables the user
     to incorporate a new data in the knowledge base, and we finally
     show what changes can be performed on the original set of
     defaults in order to take into account a particular conditional
     that has to retracted from or added to the primitive induced
     inference relation.
  } ,
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;belief-revision;default-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ freund_m:2000a,
  author = {Michael Freund},
  title = {A Complete and Consistent Formal System for
  	Sortals},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  pages = {367--381},
  topic = {sortal-quantification;} 
  } 

@book{ fribourg-turini:1994a,
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  title = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-540-58792-6},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. David A. Basin, "Logic Frameworks for Logic Programs", pp. 1--16
     2. N. Bensaou and Irhne Guessarian, "An Extended Transformation
     		System for CLP Programs", pp. 17--35
     3. Dmitri Boulanger and Maurice Bruynooghe, "Using Call/Exit
     		Analysis for Logic Program Transformation", pp. 36--50
     4. J. Cook and John P. Gallagher, "A Transformation System for
     		Definite Programs Based on Termination Analysis", pp. 51--68
     5. Pierre Flener and Lubos Popelmnsky, "On the Use of Inductive
     		Reasoning in Program Synthesis: Prejudice and
		Prospects", pp. 69--87
     6. David Gilbert and Christopher J. Hogger and Jirm
     		Zlatuska, "Transforming Specifications of Observable
		Behaviour into Programs", pp. 88--103
     7. Kung-Kiu Lau and Mario Ornaghi, "On Specification Frameworks
     		and Deductive Synthesis of Logic
		Programs", pp.  104--121
     8. Michael Leuschel, "Partial Evaluation of the `Real
     		Thing'\,", pp. 122--137
     9. E. Marakakis and John P. Gallagher, "Schema-Based Top-Down
     		Design of Logic Programs Using Abstract Data
		Types", pp. 138--153
    10. Sophie Renault, "Generalizing Extended Execution for Normal
    		Programs", pp. 154--169
    11. Chiaki Sakama and Hirohisa Seki, "Partial Deduction of
    		Disjunctive Logic Programs: A Declarative
		Approach", pp. 170--182
    12. Giovanni Semeraro and Floriana Esposito and Donato Malerba
    		and Clifford Brunk and Michael J. Pazzani, "Avoiding
		Non-Termination when Learning Logical Programs: A
		Case Study with FOIL and FOCL", pp. 183--198
    13. Christine Solnon and Michel Rueher, "Propagation of
    		Inter-argument Dependencies in `Tuple--distributive'
		Type Inference Systems", pp. 199--214
    14. Paul Tarau and Veronica Dahl, "Logic Programming and Logic
    		Grammars with First-Order Continuations", pp. 215--230
    15. Geraint A. Wiggins, "Improving the Whelk System: A
    		Type-Theoretic Reconstruction", pp. 231--247
    16. Frank van Harmelen, "A Model of Costs and Benefits of
    		Meta-Level Computation", pp. 248--261
    17. Jonas Barklund and Katrin Boberg and Pierangelo Dell'Acqua,
    		"A Basis for a Multi-Level Meta-Logic Programming
		Language", pp. 262--275
    18. Marion Mircheva, "Logic Programs with Tests", pp. 276--292
    19. Barbara Dunin-Keplicz, "An Architecture with Multiple
    		Meta-Levels for the Development of Correct
		Programs", pp. 293--310
    20. Annalisa Bossi and Sandro Etalle, "More on Unfold/Fold
    		Transformations of Normal Programs: Preservation of
		{F}itting's Semantics', pp. 311--331
    21. Wiebe van der Hoek and John-Jules Ch. Meyer and Jan
    		Treur, "Formal Semantics of Temporal Epistemic
		Reflection", pp. 332--352
    22. Jan Treur, "Temporal Semantics of Meta-Level Architectures
    		for Dynamic Control of Reasoning", pp. 353--376
    23. Antonio Brogi and Simone Contiero, "G\"odel as a Meta-Language for
    		Composing Logic Programs", pp. 377--394
    24. Patricia M. Hill, "A Module System for
    		Meta-Programming", pp. 395--409
    25. Giuseppe Attardi and Maria Simi, "Building Proofs in Context",
    		pp. 410--424
    26. Fausto Giunchiglia and Alessandro Cimatti, "Introspective
    		Metatheoretic Reasoning", pp. 425--439
    27. Marco Comini and Giorgio Levi and Giuliana Vitiello, "Abstract
    		Debugging of Logic Program", pp. 440--450
  } ,
  topic = {logic-programming;metaprogramming;}  
 } 

@article{ fridlund-etal:1990a,
  author = {Alan J. Fridlund and John P. Sabini and Laura E.
  	Hedlund and Julie A. Schaut and Joel I. Shenker and
  	Matthew J. Knauer},
  title = {Audience Effects on Solitary Faces During Imagery:
  	Displaying to the People in your Head},
  journal = {Journal of Nonverbal Behavior},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {113--137},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {facial-expression;}  
  } 

@article{ fridlund:1991a,
  author = {Alan J. Fridlund},
  title = {Sociality of Solitary Smiling: Potentiation by an
  		Implicit Audience},
  journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
  volume = {60},
  number = {2},
  pages = {229--240},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {facial-expression;}  
  } 

@article{ fridlund-etal:1992a,
  author = {Alan J. Fridlund and Karen G. Kenworthy and Amy K.
  	Jaffey},
  title = {Audience Effects in Affective Imagery: Replication
  	and Extension to Dysphoric Imagery},
  journal = {Journal of Nonverbal Behavior},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  pages = {191--212},
  year = {1992},
  topic = {facial-expression;}  
  } 

@article{ friedland-iwasaki:1985a,
  author = {P.E. Friedland and Yumi Iwasaki},
  title = {The Concept and Implementation of Skeletal Plans},
  journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {161--208},
  year = {1985},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st names, number, specific topics},
  topic= {planning;}  
} 

@incollection{ friedman_j2:1971a,
  author = {Joyce Friedman},
  title = {Computational Linguistics},
  booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science},
  publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of
		Maryland.},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {William Orr Dingwall},
  pages = {718--755},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {nlp-survey;}  
  } 

@article{ friedman_j2-warren:1978a,
  author = {Joyce Friedman and David S. Warren},
  title = {A Parsing Method for {M}ontague Grammars},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {347--372},
  xref = {Erratum: friedman_j2-warren:1979a.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;parsing;nl-to-logic-mapping;}  
  } 

@article{ friedman_j2:1979a,
  author = {Joyce Friedman},
  title = {An Unlabled Bracketing Solution to the Problem of Conjoined
  	Phrases in {M}ontague's {PTQ}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {151--169},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ friedman_j2-warren:1979a,
  author = {Joyce Friedman and David S. Warren},
  title = {Erratum},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {139},
  xref = {Erratum to friedman_j2-warren:1978a},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;parsing;nl-to-logic-mapping;}  
  } 

@incollection{ friedman_j2-etal:1994a,
  author = {Joyce Friedman and Douglas B. Moran and David S. Warren},
  title = {Evaluating {E}nglish Sentences in a Logical Model},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {535--551},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {montague-grammar;nl-to-logic-mapping;model-construction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ friedman_jh-etal:1996a,
  author = {Jerome H. Friedman and Ron Kohavi and Yeogirl Yun},
  title = {Lazy Decision Trees},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {717--724},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {decision-trees;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ friedman_ji:1995a,
  author = {Joel I. Friedman},
  title = {Towards an Adequate Definition of Distribution for
		First-Order Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {161--192},
  topic = {aboutness;}  
  } 

@article{ friedman_m1-savage:1948a,
  author = {Milton Friedman and Leonard Savage},
  title = {The Utility Analysis of Choices Involving Risk},
  journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
  year = {1948},
  volume = {56},
  pages = {279--304},
  contentnote = {Uses sure-thing principle to argue for argue for
    independence axiom in decision theory.  I.e. For all gambles g1
    g2 g3 we have: g1 is preferred to g2 iff for all p>0 if
    (g1 with prob p and g3 with prob 1-p) is preferred to
    (g2 with prob p and g3 with prob 1-p).},
  topic = {decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ friedman_m2-glymour:1972a,
  author = {Michael Friedman and Clark Glymour},
  title = {If Quanta Had Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {16--28},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ friedman_m2:1999a,
  author = {Michael Friedman},
  title = {Reconsidering Logical Positivism},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052162476-2},
  topic = {logical-positivism;history-of-philosophy;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ friedman_n-halpern:1994a,
  author = {Nir Friedman and Joseph Halpern},
  title = {Conditional Logics for Belief Change},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf},
  pages = {915--921},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;conditionals;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ friedman_n-halpern:1994b,
  author = {Nir Friedman and Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {A Knowledge-Based Framework for Belief Change, Part
  	{I}: Foundations},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {44--64},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {belief-revision;epistemic-logic;}   
  } 

@incollection{ friedman_n-halpern:1994c,
  author = {Nir Friedman and Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {A Knowledge-Based Framework for Belief Change, Part {II}:
  	Revision and Update},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {190--201},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;belief-update;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ friedman_n-halpern:1994d,
  author = {Nir Friedman and Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {On the Complexity of Conditional Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {202--213},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ friedman_n-halpern:1996a1,
  author = {Nir Friedman and Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Belief Revision: A Critique},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {421--431},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  xref = {Journal publication: friedman_n-halpern:1996a2.},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ friedman_n-halpern:1996a2,
  author = {Nir Friedman and Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Belief Revision:  A Critique},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {401--420},
  xref = {Conference publication: friedman_n-halpern:1996a1.},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ friedman_n-halpern:1996b,
  author = {Nir Friedman and Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {A Qualitative {M}arkov Assumption and Its Implications
  	for Belief Change},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science, Stanford
  	University.},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ friedman_n-koller:1996a,
 author = {Nir Friedman and Daphne Koller},
 title = {Qualitative Planning under Assumptions: A Preliminary
 	Report},
 booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
 	Learning Complex Behaviors in Adaptive Intelligent Systems},
 year = {199?},
 organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
 address = {Menlo Park, CA},
 missinginfo = {pages},
 topic = {qdt;planning;}  
 } 

@article{ friedman_n-halpern:1997a,
  author = {Nir Friedman and Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Modeling Belief in Dynamic Systems, Part {I}: Foundations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {95},
  number = {2},
  pages = {257--316},
  topic = {belief-revision;epistemic-logic;conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ friedman_n:1999a,
  author = {Nir Friedman},
  title = {Plausibility Measures and Default Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;qualitative-probability;
  	plausibility-measures;model-preference;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ friedrich:1963a,
  author = {Carl Joachim Friedrich},
  title = {The Philosophy of Law in Historical Perspective,
  	2nd edition},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1963},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {philosophy-of-law;}  
 } 

@incollection{ friedrich_g-nejdl:1992a,
  author = {Gerhard Friedrich and Wolfgang Nejdl},
  title = {Choosing Observations and Actions in Model-Based
  	Diagnosis/Repair Systems},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {489--498},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;diagnosis;repair-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ friedrich_g-etal:1999a,
  author = {Gerhard Friedrich and Markus Stumptner
  	and Franz Wotawa},
  title = {Model-Based Diagnosis of Hardware Designs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {111},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {3--39},
  topic = {diagnosis;device-modeling;model-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ fries:1954a,
  author = {Charles C. Fries},
  title = {Meaning and Linguistic Analysis},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1954},
  volume = {30},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--68},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ frijda:1993a,
  author = {Nico H. Frijda},
  title = {The Place of Appraisal in Emotion},
  journal = {Cognition and Emotion},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3/4},
  pages = {357--387},
  year = {1993},
  topic = {emotion;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ frisch:1985a,
  author = {Alan M. Frisch},
  title = {Using Model Theory to Specify {AI} Programs},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 1},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {148--154},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;program-specification;krcourse;}  
  } 

@article{ frisch:1986a,
  author = {Alan Frisch},
  title = {Parsing With Restricted Quantification: an Initial
 	Demonstration},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {142--150},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
 } 

@techreport{ frisch:1987a,
  author = {Alan M. Frisch},
  title = {Knowledge Retrieval as Specialized Inference},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of
  	Rochester},
  number = {TR 214},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Rochester, NY 14627},
  topic = {theorem-proving;taxonomic-reasoning;knowledge-retrieval;}  
  } 

@book{ frisch:1988a,
  editor = {Alan M. Frisch},
  title = {Proceedings of the 1988 {AAAI} Workshop on Principles
  	of Hybrid Reasoning},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {hybrid-kr-architectures;}  
 } 

@incollection{ frisch:1989a,
  author = {Alan M. Frisch},
  title = {A General Framework for Sorted Deduction:  Fundamental
  	Results in Hybrid Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {126--136},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;theorem-proving;hybrid-kr-architectures;sort-hierarchies;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ frisch-page:1990a,
  author = {Alan M. Frisch and C. David {Page, Jr.}},
  title = {Generalization with Taxonomic Information},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;taxonomic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ frisch:1991a,
  author = {Alan M. Frisch},
  title = {The Substitutional Framework for Sorted Deduction:
  	Fundamental Results on Hybrid Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {49},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {161--198},
  contentnote = {Idea is to type variables with the elements of a sort
  	hierarchy.  This speeds up deductions considerably.},
  topic = {kr;theorem-proving;hybrid-kr-architectures;sort-hierarchies;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ frisch-cohn:1991a,
  author = {Alan M. Frisch and Anthony G. Cohn},
  title = {Thoughts and Afterthoughts on the 1988 Workshop on
  	Principles of Hybrid Reasoning},
  journal = {{AI} Magazine},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {11},
  number = {5},
  pages = {77--87},
  topic = {hybrid-kr-architectures;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ frisch-scherl:1991a,
  author = {Alan M. Frisch and Richard B. Scherl},
  title = {A General Framework for Modal Deduction},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {196--207},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;theorem-proving;modal-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ frisch-haddawy:1994a,
  author = {Alan M. Frisch and Peter Haddawy},
  title = {Anytime Deduction for Probabilistic Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {93--122},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper proposes and investigates an approach to deduction in
     probabilistic logic, using as its medium a language that
     generalizes the propositional version of Nilsson's probabilistic
     logic by incorporating conditional probabilities.  Unlike many
     other approaches to deduction in probabilistic logic, this
     approach is based on inference rules and therefore can produce
     proofs to explain how conclusions are drawn.  We show how these
     rules can be incorporated into an anytime deduction procedure
     that proceeds by computing increasingly narrow probability
     intervals that contain the tightest entailed probability
     interval.  Since the procedure can be stopped at any time to
     yield partial information concerning the probability range of
     any entailed sentence, one can make a tradeoff between precision
     and computation time.  The deduction method presented here
     contrasts with other methods whose ability to perform logical
     reasoning is either limited or requires finding all truth
     assignments consistent with the given sentences.},
  xref = {Modification of nilsson_nj:1986a.},
  topic = {probablilty;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@book{ fritz-hundsnurscher:1994a,
  editor = {Gerd Fritz and Franz Hundsnurscher},
  title = {Handbuch der {D}ialoganalyse},
  publisher = {M. Niemeyer},
  year = {1994},
  address = {T\"ubingen},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
} 

@book{ frixione:1994a,
  author = {Marcello Frixione},
  title = {Logica, Significato e Intelligenza Artificiale},
  publisher = {Angeli},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Milan},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-and-AI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ frohlich-etal:1996a,
  author = {Peter Fr\"ohlich and Wolfgang Nejdl and Michael Schroeder},
  title = {Design and Implementation of Diagnostic Strategies Using
  	Modal Logic},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop,
  	{Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3,
	1996.},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska},
  pages = {104--118},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {diagnosis;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ froidevaux-etal:1991a,
  author = {Christine Froidevaux and Philippe Chatalic and J\'er\^ome Mengin},
  title = {Graded Default Logics},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {70--75},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {default-logic;possibilistic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ frolund:1996a,
  author = {Svend Fr{\o}lund: An Actor-Based Approach to
  	Synchronization},
  title = {Coordinating Distributed Objects},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {distributed-processing;}  
 } 

@article{ fromhertz-etal:1999a,
  author = {Markus P.J. Fromhertz and Vijay A. Saraswat and Daniel
  	G. Bobrow},
  title = {Model-Based Computing: Developing Flexible Machine Control
  	Software},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {114},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {157--202},
  topic = {model-based-reasoning;constraint-programming;scheduling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fromkin:1977a,
  author = {Victoria A. Fromkin},
  title = {When Does a Test Count as a Hypothesis, or, What Counts as
  	Evidence?},
  booktitle = {Testing Linguistic Hypotheses},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David Cohen and Jessica Worth},
  pages = {43--64},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ fromkin-rodman:1988a,
  author = {Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman},
  title = {An Introduction to Language},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart, and Winston},
  edition = {4},
  year = {1988},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {linguistics-intro;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fruhwirth:2002a,
  author = {Thom Fr\"uhwirth},
  title = {As Time Goes by: Automatic Complexity Analysis of
  	Simplification Rules},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {547--557},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;constraint-satisfaction;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ fry:1997a,
  author = {John Fry},
  title = {Negative Polarity Licensing at the Syntax-Semantics
  	Interface},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {144--150},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {polarity;syntax-semantics-interface;linear-logic;
  	compositionality;}  
 } 

@article{ frye:1964a,
  author = {Marilyn Frye},
  title = {Inscriptions and Indirect Discourse},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {62},
  number = {24},
  pages = {767--772},
  topic = {indirect-discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ frye:1973a,
  author = {Marilyn Frye},
  title = {Force and Meaning},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {70},
  number = {10},
  pages = {281--294},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ fuchi-takagi:1998a,
  author = {Takeshi Fuchi and Shinichiro Takagi},
  title = {Japanese Morphological Analyzer Using Word Co-Occurrence---
  	{JTAG}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {409--413},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {Japanese-language;computational-morphology;
  	word-sequence-probabilities;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ fuchs:1998a,
  author = {Dirk Fuchs},
  title = {Cooperation between Top-Down and Bottom-Up
       		Theorem Provers by Subgoal Clause Transfer},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {157--169},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@book{ fudenberg-tirole:1991a,
  author = {D. Fudenberg and J. Tirole},
  title = {Game Theory},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {game-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fudge-shockey:1997a,
  author = {Erik Fudge and Linda Shockey},
  title = {The Reading Database of Syllable Structure},
  booktitle = {Linguistic Databases},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {John Nerbonne},
  pages = {93--102},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {linguistic-databases;}  
  } 

@article{ fuhrman:1999a,
  author = {Andr\'e Fuhrman},
  title = {When Hyperpropositions Meet $\ldots$},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {6},
  pages = {559--574},
  topic = {paraconsistency;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ fuhrmann:1991a,
  author = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann},
  title = {Theory Contraction Through Base Contraction},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {175--203},
  number = {2},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@book{ fuhrmann-morreau:1991a,
  editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Michael Morreau},
  title = {The Logic of Theory Change},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@article{ fuhrmann-hansson:1994a,
  author = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {A Survey of Multiple Contractions},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39--76},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ fuhrmann-levi_i:1994a,
  author = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Isaac Levi},
  title = {Undercutting and the {R}amsey Test for Conditionals},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {101},
  pages = {157--169},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {CCCP;conditionals;probabilities;}  
  } 

@book{ fuhrmann-rott:1996a,
  editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott},
  title = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in
  	Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3110139944 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;logic-in-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ fuhrmann:1997a,
  author = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann},
  title = {An Essay on Contraction},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@incollection{ fujii-etal:1997a,
  author = {Atsushi Fujii and Toshihiro Hasegawa and Takenobu Tokunaga
     		and Hozumi Tanaka},
  title = {Integration of Hand-Crafted and Statistical Resources in
  		Measuring Word Similarity},
  booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of
  	Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari
  	and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks},
  pages = {45--51},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {word-classification;}  
  } 

@article{ fujii-etal:1998a,
  author = {Atsushi Fujii and Kentaro Inui and Takenobu
	Tokunaga and Hozumi Tanaka},
  title = {Selective Sampling for Example-Based Word Sense
	Disambiguation},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {573--597},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;nl-statistics;}  
  } 

@article{ fujimura:1984a,
  author = {Osamu Fujimura},
  title = {The Role of Linguistics for Future Speech Technology},
  journal = {Bulletin of the {L}inguistic {S}ociety of {A}merica},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {4--7},
  month = {June},
  topic = {speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fujisaki-etal:1981a,
  author = {T. Fujisaki and F. Jelinek and J. Cocke and E. Black
    		and T. Nishino},
  title = {A Probabilistic Parsing Method
		for Sentence Disambiguation},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  pages = {139--152},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;statistical-parsing;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ fujita_ke:1998a,
  author = {Ken-Etzu Fujita},
  title = {Polymorphic Call-by-Value Calculus Based
       		on Classical Proofs},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {170--182},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;intuitionistic-logic;
  	higher-order-programming-constructs;}  
  } 

@article{ fujita_m-etal:2000a,
  author = {Masahito Fujita and Manuela Veloso and William Uther and
  	Minoru Asada and Hiroaki Kitano and Vincent Hugel and Patrick
	Bonnin and Jean-Christophe Bouramou\'e and Pierre Blazevic},
  title = {Vision, Strategy, and Localization Using the {S}ony Legged
  	Robots at {R}ob o{C}up-98},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--56},
  topic = {robotics;RoboCup;}  
  } 

@article{ fukushima:1991a,
  author = {Kazuhiko Fukushima},
  title = {Phrase Structure Grammar, {M}ontague Semantics,
  	and Floating Quantifiers in {J}apanese},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {6},
  pages = {581--628},
  topic = {floating-quantifiers;Japanese-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fuller:1995a,
  author = {Gary Fuller},
  title = {Simulation and Psychological Concepts},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {19--32},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation-theory-of-folk-psychology;
	propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@incollection{ fumerton:1988a,
  author = {Richard Fumerton},
  title = {The Internalism/Externalism Controversy},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 2: Epistemology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {443--459},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {internal/external-properties;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ fung:1995a,
  author = {Pascale Fung},
  title = {Compiling Bilingual Lexicon Entries from a Non-Parallel
				{E}nglish-{C}hinese Corpus},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very
		Large Corpora},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {173--183},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;dictionary-construction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ fung-yee:1998a,
  author = {Pascale Fung and Lo Yuen Yee},
  title = {An {IR} Approach for Translating New Words from Nonparallel,
  	Comparable Texts},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {414--420},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {word-acquisition;}  
} 

@article{ funt:1980a1,
  author = {Brian V. Funt},
  title = {Problem Solving with Diagrammatic Representations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {201--230},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Diagrams are of substantial benefit to WHISPER, a computer
     problem-solving system, in testing the stability of a ``blocks
     world'' structure and predicting the event sequences which occur
     as that structure collapses.  WHISPER's components include a
     high level reasoner which knows some qualitative aspects of
     Physics, a simulated parallel processing ``retina'' to ``look
     at'' its diagrams, and a set of re-drawing procedures for
     modifying these diagrams.  Roughly modelled after the human eye,
     WHISPER's retina can fixate at any diagram location, and its
     resolution decreases away from its center.  Diagrams enable
     WHISPER to work with objects of arbitrary shape, detect
     collisions and other motion discontinuities, discover
     coincidental alignments, and easily update its world model after
     a state change.  A theoretical analysis is made of the role of
     diagrams interacting with a general deductive mechanism such as
     WHISPER's high level reasoner.},
  xref = {Republication: funt:1980a2.},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ funt:1980a2,
  author = {Brian V. Funt},
  title = {Problem Solving with Diagrammatic Representations},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {33--68},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Journal Publication: funt:1980a1.},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ furbach:1998a,
  author = {Ulrich Furbach},
  title = {Introduction (to Part {I}: Tableau and Connection
		Calculi)},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ furberg:1963a,
  author = {Mats Furberg},
  title = {Locutionary and Illocutionary Acts: A Main Theme in {J}.{L}.
  	{A}ustin's Philosophy},
  publisher = {Elanders Boktryckerii Aktiebolag},
  year = {1963},
  address = {G\"oteborg},
  contentnote = {	TC:
	1. Austin's Approach
		I. The inheritance from Moore
	       II. Some main characteristics of Austin's approach
              III. Wittgenstein and Austin
        2. The locutionary act: speech and language
		I. Language
	       II. Language and speech
              III. Speech
        3. The locutionary act: truth and knowledge
		I. Truth
	       II. Knowledge
        4. The illocutionary act
		I. Performatives and their functions
	       II. Two kinds of force-showing
  	},
  xref = {Review: searle:1966b},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
 } 

@incollection{ furberg:1969a,
  author = {Mats Furberg},
  title = {Meaning and Illocutionary Force},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {445--468},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  note = {Contains a brief note by L.J. Cohen.},
  xref = {Comments on \cite{cohen_lj:1964a2}.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ furberg:1971a,
  author = {Mats Furberg},
  title = {Saying and Meaning},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
 } 

@book{ furukawa-etal:1994a,
  editor = {K. Furukawa and Donald Michie and Steven H. Muggleton},
  title = {Machine Intelligence 13: Machine Intelligence and Inductive
    Learning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198538502},
  topic = {AI-survey;induction;machine-learning;}  
 } 

@book{ furukawa-etal:1995a,
  editor = {K. Furukawa and Donald Michie and Steven H. Muggleton},
  title = {Machine Intelligence 14: Applied Machine Intelligence},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {019853860X},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
 } 

@book{ furukawa-etal:1999a,
  editor = {K. Furukawa, Donald Michie and Steven H. Muggleton},
  title = {Machine Intelligence 15 : Intelligent Agents},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198538677},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ furuse-etal:1998a,
  author = {Osamu Furuse and Setsuo Yamada and Kazuhide Yamamoto},
  title = {Splitting Long or Ill-formed Input for Robust
  	Spoken-language Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {421--427},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {ill-formed-nl-input;speech-to-speech-machine-translation;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ fusaoka:1996a,
  author = {Akira Fusaoka},
  title = {Situation Calculus on a Dense Flow of Time},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {633--638},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;reasoning-about-continuous-time;}  
  } 

@book{ fussell-kreuz:1997a,
  editor = {Susan R. Fussell and Roger J. Kreuz},
  title = {Social and Cognitive Approaches to Interpersonal
  	Communication},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {pragmatics;discourse;cognitive-psychology;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@techreport{ gaasterland-etal:1990a,
  author = {Terry Gaasterland and Jack Minker and Arcot Rajasekar},
  title = {Deductive Database Systems and Knowledge Base Systems},
  institution = {Institute for Advanced Computer Studies,
           University of Maryland},
  number = {UMIACS--TR--90--116},
  year = {1990},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {deductive-databases;}  
  } 

@article{ gabbay:1972a,
  author = {Dov M. Gabbay},
  title = {A General Filtration Method for Modal Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--34},
  topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@article{ gabbay:1972b,
  author = {Dov M. Gabbay},
  title = {Tense Logics with Discrete Moments of Time, Part {I}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {35--44},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ gabbay:1973a,
  author = {Dov Gabbay},
  title = {Applications of {S}cott's Notion of Consequence to the
  	Study of General Binary Intensional Connectives and
	Entailment},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {340--351},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ gabbay-moravcsik:1973a,
  author = {Dov Gabbay and Julius Moravcsik},
  title = {Sameness and Individuation},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {70},
  number = {16},
  pages = {513--526},
  topic = {identity;individuation;}  
  } 

@article{ gabbay:1974a,
  author = {Dov M. Gabbay},
  title = {On 2nd Order Intuitionistic Propositional Calculus
  	with Full Comprehension},
  journal = {Annals of Mathematical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {177--186},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ gabbay:1975a,
  author = {Dov M. Gabbay},
  title = {Model Theory for Tense Logics},
  journal = {Annals of Mathematical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {185--236},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gabbay:1976a,
  author = {Dov M. Gabbay},
  title = {Two-Dimensional Propositional Tense Logics},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {569--583},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ gabbay-kasher:1976a,
  author = {Dov M. Gabbay and Asa Kasher},
  title = {On the Semantics and Pragmatics of Specific and
  	Non-Specific Indefinite Expressions},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1/2},
  pages = {145--190},
  topic = {indefiniteness;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gabbay-rohrer:1979a,
  author = {Dov Gabbay and Christian Rohrer},
  title = {Do We Really Need Tenses Other Than Future and Past?},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {15--20},
  topic = {nl-tense;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gabbay:1980a,
  author = {Dov Gabbay},
  title = {Time, Tense, and Quantifiers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {S}tuttgart Conference on the
  	Logic of Tense and Quantification},
  publisher = {Max Niemeyer Verlag},
  year = {1980},
  editor = {Christian Rohrer},
  pages = {59--82},
  address = {T\"ubingen},
  topic = {temporal-logic;tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gabbay-etal:1980a,
  author = {Dov Gabbay and Amir Pnueli and Sharanon Shelah and
  	J. Stavi},
  title = {On the Temporal Analysis of Fairness},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh {ACM} Symposium on Principles
  	of Programming Languages},
  year = {1980},
  pages = {163--173},
  organization = {{ACM}},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address},
  topic = {program-verification;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gabbay:1981a,
  author = {Dov Gabbay},
  title = {An Irreflexivity Lemma With Applications to
  	Axiomatizations of Conditions on Tense Frames},
  booktitle = {Aspects of Philosophical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Uwe M\"onnich},
  pages = {67--89},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gabbay:1981b,
  author = {Dov M. Gabbay},
  title = {Functional Completeness in Tense Logic},
  booktitle = {Aspects of Philosophical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Uwe M\"onnich},
  pages = {91--117},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {temporal-logic;expressive-completeness;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gabbay:1982a,
 author = {Dov M. Gabbay},
 title = {Intuitionistic Basis for Non-Monotonic Logic},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Automated
 	Deduction},
 year = {1982},
 editor = {Donald W. Loveland},
 number = {138},
 series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
 pages = {260--273},
 publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
 address = {Berlin},
 topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;intuitionistic-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ gabbay-guenthner:1983a,
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  title =  {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {I}:
  	Elements of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1.  Wilfrid Hodges, "Elementary Predicate Logic"
	2.  G\o"ran Sundholm, "Systems of Deduction"
	3.  Hughes Leblanc, "Alternatives to Standard First-Order
		Semantics"
	4.  Johan van Bentem and Kees Doets, "Higher-Order Logic"
	5.  Allen Hazen, "Predicative Logics"
	6.  Dirk van Dalen, "Algorithms and Decision Problems:
		A Crash Course in Decision Theory"
  	},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ gabbay-guenthner:1984a,
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  title =  {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}:
  	Extensions of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1.  Robert A. Bull and Krister Segerberg, "Basic Modal
		Logic"
	2.  John P. Burgess, "Basic Tense Logic"
	3.  Richmond H. Thomason, "Combinations of Tense and
		Modality"
	4.  Johan van Benthem, "Correspondence Theory"
	5.  James W. Garson, "Quantification in Modal Logic"
	6.  Nino B. Cocchiarella, "Philosophical Perspectives on
		Quantification in Tense and Modal Logic"
	7.  C. Anthony Anderson, "General Intensional Logic"
	8.  Donald Nute, "Conditional Logic"
	9.  Craig Smorynski, "Modal Logic and Self-Reference"
	10. David Harel, "Dynamic Logic"
	11. Lennart {\AA}qvist, "Deontic Logic"
	12. David Harrah, "The Logic of Questions"
  	},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gabbay:1985a,
  author = {Dov M. Gabbay},
  title = {Theoretical Foundations for Non-Monotonic Reasoning in
  	Expert Systems},
  booktitle = {Logics and Models of Concurrent Systems},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Krzysztof R. Apt},
  pages = {439--457},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;expert-systems;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ gabbay-guenthner:1986a,
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  title =  {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}:
  	Alternatives in Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1.  Stephen Blamey, "Partial Logic"
	2.  Alisdair Urquhart, "Many-Valued Logic"
	3.  J. Michael Dunn, "Relevance Logic and Entailment"
	4.  Dirk van Dalen, "Intuitionistic Logic"
	5.  Walter Felscher, "Dialogues as a Foundation for Intuionistic
		Logic"
	6.  Ermanno Bencivenga, "Free Logics"
	7.  Maria Luisa dalla Chiara, "Quantum Logic"
	8.  G\"oran Sundholm, "Proof Theory and Meaning"
  	},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ gabbay-guenthner:1986b,
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  title =  {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {VII}},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {2002},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ gabbay-guenthner:1989a,
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenthner},
  title = {Topics in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027716064 (Netherlands)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ gabbay-guenthner_f:1989a,
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Franz Guenthner},
  title = {Topics in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027716064},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gabbay:1991a,
  author = {Dov Gabbay},
  title = {Abduction in Labelled Deductive Systems: A Conceptual
  	Abstract},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {3--11},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {labelled-deductive-systems;abduction;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gabbay-kempson:1991a,
  author = {Dov Gabbay and Ruth Kempson},
  title = {Labelled Abduction and Relevance Reasoning},
  year = {1991},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {abduction;relevance-logic;labelled-deductive-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gabbay:1992a,
  author = {Dov Gabbay},
  title = {Quantifier Elimination in Second-Order Predicate Logic},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {425--435},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gabbay:1993a,
  author = {Dov Gabbay},
  title = {Preface},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and
  	Logic Programming, Volume 1: Deductive
		 Methodologies},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and J.A. Robinson},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  pages = {v--viii},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1993},
  topic = {kr;logic-in-AI-survey;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ gabbay-etal:1993a,
    editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and  J.A. Robinson},
    title = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence
    	         and Logic Programming, Volume 1: Deductive
		 Methodologies},
    publisher = {Oxford University Press},
    address = {Oxford},
    missinginfo = {Editor's first names.},
    year = {1993},
    contentnote = {TC:
    1. David J. Israel, "The Role(s) of Logic in Artificial Intelligence"
    2. Martin Davis, "First Order Logic"
    3. Wolfgang Bibel and Elmar Eder, "Methods and Calculi for Deduction"
    4. Norbert Eisinger and Hans J\"urgen Olbach, "Deduction Systems
    	Based on Resolution"
    5. David A. Plaisted, "Equational Reasoning and Term Rewriting Systems"
    6. Melvin Fitting, "Basic Modal Logic"
    7. Wilfrid Hodges, "Logical Features of Horn Clauses"
    } ,
  ISBN = {019853745X},
    topic = {theorem-proving;}  
    } 

@book{ gabbay:1994a,
  editor = {Dov Gabbay},
  title = {What is a Logical System?},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {logic-general;}  
 } 

@book{ gabbay-etal:1994a,
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson},
  title = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence
   	         and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic
		 Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Matthew L. Ginsberg, "{AI} and Nonmonotonic
		Reasoning", pp. 1--33
	2. David C. Makinson, "General Patterns in Nonmonotonic
		Reasoning", pp. 35--111
	3. John F. Horty, "Some Direct Theories of Nonmonotonic
		Inheritance", pp. 112--187
	4. David Poole, "Default Logic", pp. 189--215
	5. Kurt Konolige, "Autoepistemic Logic", pp. 217--295
	6. Vladimir Lifschitz, "Circumscription", pp. 297--352
	7. Donald Nute, "Defeasible Logic", pp. 353--395
       10. Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}, "Uncertainty Logics", pp. 397--438
       11. Didier Dubois and J. Lang and Henri Prade, "Possibilistic
       		Logic", pp. 439--513
   } ,
  xref = {Review: antonelli:2000a.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ gabbay-etal:1994c,
    editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and  J.A. Robinson},
    title = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence
    	         and Logic Programming, Volume 4: Epistemic
		 and Temporal Logics},
    publisher = {Oxford University Press},
    address = {Oxford},
    missinginfo = {Editor's first names},
    year = {1995},
    topic = {epistemic-logic;temporal-logic;}  
    } 

@article{ gabbay-kempson:1994a,
  author = {Dov Gabbay and Ruth Kempson},
  title = {Language and Proof Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {247--251},
  topic = {proof-theory;foundations-of-grammar;labelled-deductive-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gabbay:1995a,
  author = {Dov M. Gabbay},
  title = {Conditional Implications and Non-Monotonic Consequence},
  booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig},
  pages = {337--359},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ gabbay:1996a,
  author = {Dov Gabbay},
  title = {Fibred Semantics and the Weaving of Logics.  Part {I}:
  	Modal and Intuitionistic Logics},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {61},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1057--1120},
  title = {Labelled Deductive Systems, Volume 1},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {proof-theory;labelled-deductive-systems;}  
 } 

@book{ gabbay:1996c,
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Kosta Dosen},
  title = {Labelled Deductive Systems, Volume 1},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {labelled-deductive-systems;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gabbay-hodkinson:1996a,
  author = {Dov Gabbay and Ian Hodkinson},
  title = {Temporal Logic in the Context of Databases},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {69--87},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {temporal-logic;temporal-reasoning;kr;databases;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gabbay-wansing:1996a,
  author = {Dov Gabbay and Heinrich Wansing},
  title = {What is Negation in a System?  Negation in Structured
  	Consquence Relations},
  booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in
  	Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott},
  pages = {328--350},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {proof-theory;negation;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gabbay-nossum:1997a,
  author = {Dov Gabbay and Rolf T. Nossum},
  title = {Structured Contexts with Fibred Semantics},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {48--57},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;fibred-semantics;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@article{ gabbay-pirri:1997a,
  author = {Dov Gabbay and Fiori Pirri},
  title = {Introduction},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--4},
  contentnote = {Introduction to a special issue on "combining logics".},
  topic = {modal-logic;tmix-project;combining-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ gabbay-reyle:1997a,
  author = {Dov Gabbay and Uwe Reyle},
  title = {Labelled Resolution for Classical and Non-Classical
		Logics},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {2},
  pages = {179--216},
  topic = {resolution;labelled-deductive-systems;
		intuitionistic-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ gabbay-etal:1998a,
  author = {Dov M. Gabbay and Nicola Olivetti},
  title = {Algorithmic Proof Methods and Cut Elimination
  	for Implicational Logics, Part {I}: Modal Implication},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {237--280},
  topic = {proof-theory;modal-logic;implicational-logics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gabbay-governatori:1998a,
  author = {Dov M. Gabbay and G. Governatori},
  title = {Dealing with Label Dependent Deontic Modalities},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  pages = {311--330},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {deontic-logic;labelled-deductive-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ gabbay-shetman:1998a,
  author = {Dov M. Gabbay and V. Shetman},
  title = {Products of Modal Logics, Part {I}},
  journal = {Journal of the {IGPL}},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {73--146},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ gabbay-smets:1998a,
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  title = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems:  Belief Change},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {3},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentsnote = {TC:
    1. Didier Dubois and Henri Prade, "Introduction: Revising,
		Updating and Combining Knowledge"
    2. Sven Ove Hansson, "Revision of Belief Sets and Belief
		Bases"
    3. Bernhard Nebel, "How Hard is it to Revise a Belief Base?"
    4. Sten Lindstr\"om and Wlodek Rabinowicz, "Conditionals
		and the {R}amsey Test"
    5. Andreas Herzig, "Logics for Belief Base Updating"
    6. Laurence Cholvy, "Reasoning about Merged Information"
    7. Philippe Smets, "Numerical Representation of Uncertainty"
    8. Didier Dubois and Serafin Moral and Henri Prade, "Belief
		Change Rules in Ordinal and Numerical Uncertainty Theories"
    9. J\"org Gebhardt and Rudolf Kruse, "Parallel Combination of
		Information Sources"
	},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@book{ gabbay:1999a,
  author = {Dov M. Gabbay},
  title = {Fibring Logics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198503814},
  xref = {Review: sernadas:2000a},
  topic = {fibred-semantics;modal-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ gabbay-derijke:1999a,
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Maarten de Rijke},
  title = {Frontiers of Combining Systems 2},
  publisher = {Research Studies Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Philadelphia},
  ISBN = {0863802524 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {combining-logics;combining-systems;}  
 } 

@book{ gabbay-derijke:2000a,
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Maarten de Rijke},
  title = {Frontiers of Combining Systems 3},
  publisher = {Research Studies Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0863802524},
  topic = {combining-logics;combining-systems;}  
 } 

@book{ gabbay-etal:2000a,
  author = {Dov M. Gabbay and Mark A. Reynolds and Marcelo Finger},
  title = {Temporal Logic: Mathematical Foundations and Computational
  	Aspects, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-19-853768-9},
  xref = {Review: hustadt:2001a.},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gabbay-nossum:2000a,
  author = {Dov M. Gabbay and Rolf Nossum},
  title = {Structured Contexts with Fibred Semantics},
  booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum},
  pages = {193--209},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {context;fibred-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ gabbay-malod:2002a,
  author = {Dov M. Gabbay and G. Malod},
  title = {Naming Worlds in Modal and Temporal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--65},
  topic = {modal-logic;tense-logic;} 
  } 

@incollection{ gabriel:1991a,
  author = {Richard P. Gabriel},
  title = {The Design of Parallel Programming Languages},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {91--108},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {theory-of-programming-languages;parallel-processing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gacogne:1991a,
  author = {L. Ga\^cogne},
  title = {An Extension of the Possibility Theory in View of the
  	Formalization of Approximate Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {176--181},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {possibility-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ gagnon-lapalme:1996a,
  author = {Michel Gagnon and Guy Lapalme},
  title = {From Conceptual Time to Linguistic Time},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--127},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-representation-theory;tense-aspect;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gahl:1998a,
  author = {Susanne Gahl},
  title = {Automatic Extraction of Subcorpora based on
  	Subcategorization Frames from a Part-of-Speech Tagged
	Corpus},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {428--432},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;argument-structure;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ gaifman:1986a,
  author = {Haim Gaifman},
  title = {A Theory of Higher Order Probabilities},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {275--292},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;higher-order-probability;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gaifman:1987a,
  author = {Haim Gaifman},
  title = {Operational Pointer Semantics: Solution to Self-Referential
  	Puzzles {I}},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Mathematics and Computer Science
		Institute, Hebrew University, Jerusalem.},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gaifman:1988a,
  author = {Haim Gaifman},
  title = {Operational Pointer Semantics: Solution to Self-Referential
  	Puzzles {I}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {43--59},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gaifman:1988b,
  author = {Haim Gaifman},
  title = {A Theory of Higher Order Probabilities},
  booktitle = {Causation, Chance, and Credence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Brian Skyrms and William L. Harper},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {type-spaces;foundations-of-probability;
  	higher-order-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ gaifman:1996a,
  author = {Haim Gaifman},
  title = {Is the `Bottom-Up' Approach from the Theory of Meaning to
  	Metaphysics Possible?},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {93},
  number = {8},
  pages = {373--407},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ gaifman:2000a,
  author = {Haim Gaifman},
  title = {What {G}\"odel's Incompleteness Result Does Not Show},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {8},
  pages = {462--470},
  xref = {Comment on mccall:1999a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-computation;goedels-first-theorem;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gaines:1991a,
  author = {Brian R. Gaines},
  title = {Integrating Rules in Term Subsumption Knowledge
  	Representation Servers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown},
  pages = {458--463},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  contentnote = {Rather than rules as concept-concept mappings use
  	intensional roles that "implement the axiom of comprehension
	in set theory".},
  topic = {extensions-of-kl1;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gale-church_kw:1994a,
  author = {William A. Gale and Kenneth W. Church},
  title = {What is Wrong with Adding One?},
  booktitle = {Corpus-Based Research into Language},
  publisher = {Rodopi},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {N. Oostdijk and P. de Haan},
  pages = {189--198},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;frequency-estimation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gale_wa-etal:1994a,
  author = {William A. Gale and Kenneth W. Church and David
   		Yarowsky},
  title = {Discrimination Decisions for 100,000-Dimensional
		Spaces},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {429--450},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {document-classification;}  
  } 

@article{ gale_wa-sampson:1995a,
  author = {William A. Gale and Geoffrey Sampson},
  title = {Good-{T}uring Frequency Estimation without Tears},
  journal = {Journal of Quantitative Linguistics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {217--237},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;frequency-estimation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ galiana:1990a,
  author = {H. Galiana},
  title = {Oculomotor Control},
  booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science.  Volume
  	2: Visual Cognition and Action},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {243--283},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;oculomotor-control;}  
  } 

@techreport{ galles-pearl:1996a1,
  author = {David Galles and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Axioms of Causal Relevance},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, UCLA},
  number = {R--240},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Los Angeles, California},
  xref = {Journal publication: galles-pearl:1996a2.},
  topic = {causality;causal-(in)dependence;}  
  } 

@article{ galles-pearl:1996a2,
  author = {David Galles and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Axioms of Causal Relevance},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {97},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {9--43},
  xref = {WWW version: galles-pearl:1996a1.},
  topic = {causality;causal-(in)dependence;}  
  } 

@techreport{ galles-pearl:1997a,
  author = {David Galles and Judea Pearl},
  title = {An Axiomatic Characterization of Causal Counterfactuals},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, UCLA},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Los Angeles, California},
  number = {R--250--L},
  topic = {causality;conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ gallier:1986a,
  author = {Jean H. Gallier},
  title = {Logic for Computer Science: Foundations of Automated
	Theorem Proving},
  publisher = {Harper and Row},
  address = {New York},
  year = {1986},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@incollection{ galliers:1992a,
  author = {Julia R. Galliers},
  title = {Autonomous Belief Revision and Communication},
  booktitle = {Belief Revision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  pages = {220--246},
  address = {Cambridge},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ galliers:1992b,
  author = {Julia R. Galliers},
  title = {Autonomous Belief Revision and Communication},
  booktitle = {Belief Revision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  pages = {220--246},
  address = {Cambridge},
  topic = {belief-revision;communications-modeling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ galliker-weimer:2000a,
  author = {Mark Galliker and Daniel Weimer},
  title = {Context and Implicitness: Consequences for Traditional and
  	Computer-Assisted Text Analysis},
  booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum},
  pages = {49--63},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {context;social-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ gallin:1975a,
  author = {Daniel Gallin},
  title = {Intensional and Higher-Order Logic},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {intensional-logic;higher-order-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ gallois:1977a,
  author = {Andre Gallois},
  title = {Van {I}nwagen on Free Will and Determinism},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {99--105},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@book{ galmiche:1997a,
  editor = {Didier Galmiche},
  title = {Automated Reasoning With Analytic Tableaux and Related Methods:
    {TABLEAUX} 1997},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540629203 (softcover)},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@book{ galton:1984a,
  author = {Antony Galton},
  title = {The Logic of Aspect: An Axiomatic Approach},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
 } 

@article{ galton:1990a,
  author = {Antony Galton},
  title = {A Critical Examination of {A}llen's Theory of Action and
  	Time},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {42},
  number = {3},
  pages = {159--188},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms;action-formalisms;
  	krcourse;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ galton:1991a,
  author = {Anthony Galton},
  title = {Reified Temporal Theories and How to Unreify Them},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Barbara Grosz and John Mylopoulos},
  pages = {1177--1182},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {temporal-logic;situation-calculus;philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ galton:1991b,
  author = {Anthony Galton},
  title = {Time and Change for {AI}},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence
   	         and Logic Programming, Volume 4: Epistemic
		 and Temporal Logics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and  J.A. Robinson},
  address = {Oxford},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.  Check this ref. Is vol right?},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ galton:1997a,
  author = {Anthony Galton},
  title = {Towards an Integrated Logic of Space, Time and Motion},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {159--188},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;
  	reasoning-about-movement;}  
  } 

@incollection{ galton:1997b,
  author = {Anthony Galton},
  title = {Space, Time, and Movement},
  booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Oliviero Stock},
  pages = {321--352},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;
  	reasoning-about-movement;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ galton:2000a,
  author = {Antony Galton},
  title = {Continuous Motion in Discrete Space},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {26--37},
  topic = {reasoning-about-continuous-quantities;spatial-reasoning;
  	temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gamback-bos:1998a,
  author = {Bj\"orn Gamb\"ack and Johan Bos},
  title = {Semantic-Head Based Resolution of Scopal Ambiguities},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {433--437},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {disambiguation;}  
} 

@book{ gammerman:1995a,
  editor = {Alexander Gammerman},
  title = {Computational Learning and Probabilistic Learning},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1995},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {machine-learning;probability-kinematics;bayesian-networks;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gamon-etal:1997a,
  author = {Michael Gamon and Carmen Lozano and Jessie Pinkham and Tom
     		Reutter},
  title = {Practical Experience with Grammar Sharing
		in Multilingual {NLP}},
  booktitle = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making
  	{NLP} Work in Practice},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {49--56},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {software-engineering;multilingual-nlp;}  
  } 

@book{ gamov-stern:1958a,
  author = {G. Gamov and M. Stern},
  title = {Puzzle Math},
  publisher = {Viking Press},
  year = {1958},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {mathematics-puzzles;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gandy:1980a,
 author = {Robin Gandy},
 year = {1980a},
 title = {Church's Thesis and Principles for Mechanisms},
 booktitle = {The Kleene Symposium},
 editor = {K. Jon Barwise and H.J. Keisler and K. Kunen},
 address = {Amsterdam},
 publisher = {North-Holland},
 pages = {123--148},
 topic = {church's-thesis;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gandy:1988a,
  author = {Robin Gandy},
  title = {The Confluence of Ideas in 1936},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {55--111},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {Turing;history-of-theory-of-computation;}  
  } 

@article{ gao_q-etal:2000a,
  author = {Qiang Gao and Ming Li and Paul Vit\'anyi},
  title = {Applying {MDL} to Learn Best Model Granularity},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {121},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--29},
  topic = {minimum-description-length;connectionist-models;
  	computational-reading;robotics;feature-extraction;}  
  } 

@article{ garb-beall:2001a,
  author = {Bradley Armour-Garb and J.C. Beall},
  title = {Can Deflationists be Dialethists?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {6},
  pages = {593--608},
  topic = {truth;deflationary-analyses;semantic-paradoxes;} 
  } 

@article{ garber:1980a,
  author = {D. Garber},
  title = {Field and {J}effrey Conditionalization},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {47},
  pages = {142--145},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@article{ garcez-etal:2001a,
  author = {A.S. d'Avila Garcez and K. Broda and Dov M. Gabbay},
  title = {Symbolic Knowledge Extraction from Trained Neural
  	Networks: A Sound Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {125},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {155--207},
  topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;}  
  } 

@article{ garcia_j:1986a,
  author = {J. Garc\'{\i}a},
  title = {The {\em Tunsollen}, the {\em Seinsollen}, and
             the {\em Soseinsollen}},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {267--276},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name,number},
  topic = {ethics;obligation;}  
    } 

@article{ garcia_jla:1991a,
  author = {J.L.A. Garcia},
  title = {On the Irreducibility of the Will},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {86},
  number = {3},
  pages = {349--360},
  contentnote = {Criticizes the philosophical view that intention
  	is definable in terms of belief and desire.},
  xref = {See reply by Robert Audi, audi:1991a},
  topic = {intention;belief;desire;agent-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ garciacarpintiero:2000a,
  author = {Manuel Garcia-Carpintiero},
  title = {A Presuppositional Account of Reference Fixing},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {2},
  pages = {109--147},
  topic = {reference;presupposition;}  
  } 

@article{ gardenfors:1975a,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  title = {Qualitative Probability as an Intensional Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {171--185},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gardenfors:1978a,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  title = {Conditionals and Changes of Belief},
  booktitle = {The Logic and Epistemology of Scientific Belief},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Raimo Tuomela},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ gardenfors:1981a,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  title = {An Epistemic Approach to Conditionals},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {203--211},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ gardenfors:1982a,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  title = {Imaging and Conditionalization},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {79},
  number = {12},
  pages = {747--760},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;probability-kinematics;
  	imaging;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gardenfors:1982b,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  title = {Rules for Rational Changes of Belief},
  booktitle = {320311: Philosophical Essays Dedicated to {L}ennart
  	{\AA}qvist on His Fiftieth Birthday},
  publisher = {Department of Philosophy, University of Uppsala},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {Tom Pauli},
  address = {Uppsala},
  pages = {88--101},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gardenfors:1983a,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  title = {The Dynamics of Belief: Contractions and Revisions
  	of Probability Functions},
  year = {1983},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy,
  	Lund University},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {belief-revision;probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@article{ gardenfors:1984a,
  author = {Peter G\"{a}rdenors},
  title = {The Dynamics of Belief as a Basis for Logic},
  journal = {British Journal of the Philosophiy of Science},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {1--10},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
} 

@article{ gardenfors:1984b,
  author = {Peter G\"{a}rdenfors},
  title = {Epistemic Importance and Minimal Changes of Belief},
  journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {62},
  number = {2},
  pages = {136--157},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@article{ gardenfors:1986a,
  author = {Peter G\"{a}rdenfors},
  title = {Belief Revision and the {R}amsey Test for Conditionals},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {95},
  pages = {81--93},
  missinginfo = {number.},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;update-conditionals;Ramsey-test;}  
 } 

@article{ gardenfors:1987a,
  author = {Peter G\"{a}rdenfors},
  title = {Variations on the {R}amsey Test: More
  	Triviality Results},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {95},
  pages = {321--327},
  missinginfo = {number.},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;update-conditionals;Ramsey-test;}  
 } 

@book{ gardenfors:1987b,
  editor = {Peter G\"{a}rdenfors},
  title = {Generalized Quantifiers},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gardenfors:1988a,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  title = {Causation and the Dynamics of Belief},
  booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics,
  	Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms},
  pages = {85--104},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {This paper discusses the probabilistic account of
  	causation.},
  topic = {causality;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@book{ gardenfors:1988b,
  author = {Peter G\"{a}rdenfors},
  title = {Knowledge in Flux},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ gardenfors-makinson:1988a,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors and David C. Makinson},
  title = {Revisions of Knowledge Systems Using Epistemic
  	Entrenchment},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {83--95},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@book{ gardenfors-sahlin:1988a,
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors and Nils-Eric Sahlin},
  title = {Decision, Probability, Utility:  Selected Readings},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {decision-theory;probability;foundations-of-utility;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gardenfors-sahlin:1988b,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors and Nils-Eric Sahlin},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Decision, Probability, Utility:  Selected Readings},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {1--15},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {decision-theory;probability;foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gardenfors-makinson:1989a,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors and David C. Makinson},
  title = {Relations Between the Logic of Theory Change and
  	Nonmonotonic Logic},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Theory Change Workshop, Konstanz},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {185--205},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  note = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 465.},
  topic = {theory-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ gardenfors:1990a,
 author = {Peter G\"{a}rdenfors},
 title = {The Dynamics of Belief Systems: Foundations vs.\ Coherence
 	Theories},
 journal = {Revue Internationale de Philosophie},
 year = {1990},
 volume = {172},
 pages = {24--46},
 month = {January},
 missinginfo = {number.},
 topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ gardenfors:1990b,
 author = {Peter G\"{a}rdenfors},
 title = {Belief Revision and Nonmonotonic Logic: Two Sides of the
 	Same Coin?},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on
		Artificial Intelligence},
 year = {1990},
 editor = {Aiello, Luigia Carlucci},
 publisher = {Pitman},
 address = {London},
 topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ gardenfors:1990c,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  title = {The Emergence of Meaning},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy,
  	Lund University},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;
  	convention;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gardenfors:1991a,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Inference, Expectations, and Neural
  	Networks},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {12--27},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gardenfors:1991b,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Inferences Based on Expectations: A Preliminary
  	Report},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {595--590},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gardenfors:1992a,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  title = {Belief Revision: An Introduction},
  booktitle = {Belief Revision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  pages = {1--28},
  address = {Cambridge},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@book{ gardenfors:1992b,
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  title = {Belief Revision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@techreport{ gardenfors-rott:1992a,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors and Hans Rott},
  title = {Belief Revision},
  institution = {Lund University Cognitive Studies},
  number = {ISSN 1101-8453},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Lund},
  xref = {This is a draft version of a chapter for trhe Handbook of
  	Logic in AI and Logic Programming.  Volume 4: Epistemic and
	Temporal Reasoning.},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ gardenfors:1993a,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  title = {The Emergence of Meaning},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  pages = {285--309},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;game-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ gardenfors:1994a,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Inference Based on Expectations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {65},
  pages = {83--95},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ gardenfors-makinson:1994a,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors and David C. Makinson},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Inferences Based on Expectations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {65},
  number = {2},
  pages = {197--245},
  contentnote = {Uses selection functions and ``expectation relations'' to
  	model expectations.  Relations between theory revision and
	nonmonotonic logic.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;belief-revision;conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gardenfors:1996a,
  author = {Peter Gardenfors},
  title = {Belief Revision and Knowledge Representation},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {117},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gardenfors:1996b,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  title = {The Cognitive Impact of Diagrams},
  booktitle = {Philosophy and Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Andy Clark and Jes\'us Ezquerro and Jes\'us M. Larrazabal},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;}  
  } 

@book{ gardenfors:2000a,
  author = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  title = {Conceptual Spaces: The Geometry of Thought},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {conceptual-spaces;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ gardent-kohlhase:1996a,
  author = {Claire Gardent and Michael Kohlhase},
  title = {Higher-Order Coloured Unification and Natural Language
  	Semantics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {1--9},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {unification;higher-order-unification;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gardent:1997a,
  author = {Claire Gardent},
  title = {Sloppy Identity},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {188--207},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ gardent:2000a,
  author = {Claire Gardent},
  title = {Deaccenting and Higher-Order Unification},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {313--338},
  topic = {ellipsis;deaccenting;higher-order-unification;}  
  } 

@article{ gardent-konrad:2000a,
  author = {Claire Gardent and Karsten Konrad},
  title = {Interpreting Definites Using Model Generation},
  journal = {Journal of Language and Computation},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {193--209},
  note = {Also available at http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/claus/claus/???},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;nl-intepretation;model-construction;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ gardent-konrad:2000b,
  author = {Claire Gardent and Karsten Konrad},
  title = {Understanding `Each Other'\, } ,
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {2000},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  note = {Forthcoming},
  topic = {reciprocals;nl-interpretation;}  
 } 

@article{ gardent-webber:2001a,
  author = {Claire Gardent and Bonnie Webber},
  title = {Towards the Use of Automated Reasoning in Discourse
  	Disambiguation},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {487--509},
  topic = {reference-resolution;anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ gardin-meltzer:1989a,
  author = {Francesco Gardin and Bernard Meltzer},
  title = {Analogical Representations of Naive Physics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  pages = {139--159},
  topic = {naive-physics;analogy;}  
  } 

@book{ gardiner-christie:1987a,
  editor = {Margaret M. Gardiner and Bruce Christie},
  title = {Applying Cognitive Psychology to User-Interface Design},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1987},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0471911844},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ garding:1993a,
  author = {Jonas G\"arding},
  title = {Shape from Texture and Contour by Weak Isotropy},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {64},
  number = {2},
  pages = {243--297},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A unified framework for shape from texture and contour is
     proposed. It is based on the assumption that the surface
     markings are not systematically compressed, or formally, that
     they are weakly isotropic. The weak isotropy principle is based
     on analysis of the directional statistics of the projected
     surface markings. It builds on several previous theories, in
     particular by Witkin [25] and Kanatani [15]. It extends these
     theories in various ways, most notably to perspective
     projection. The theory also provides an exact solution to an
     estimation problem earlier solved approximately by Kanatani. The
     weak isotropy principle leads to a computationally efficient
     algorithm, WISP, for estimation of surface orientation.  WISP
     uses simple image observables that are shown to be direct
     correlates of the surface orientation to compute an initial
     approximate estimate in a single step. In certain simple cases
     this first estimate is exact, and in experiments with natural
     images it is typically within 5 of the final estimate.
     Furthermore, a proof is given that a rotationally symmetric
     contour of order three or higher is weakly isotropic.  Hence,
     the WISP algorithm will without modification recover the
     orientation of any such contour from a perspective view of it.},
  topic = {texture;shape-recognition;computer-vision;
  	reasoning-about-perspective;}  
  } 

@book{ gardner_a:1987a,
  author = {Ann Gardner},
  year = {1987},
  title = {An Artificial Intelligence Approach to
       Legal Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {026207105},
  topic = {legal-reasoning;legal-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ gardner_m:1977a,
  author = {Martin Gardner},
  title = {The `Jump Proof' and its Similarity to the Toppling of
  	a Row of Dominoes},
  journal = {Scientific American},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {236},
  pages = {128--135},
  missinginfo = {month, number},
  topic = {Conway-paradox;}  
  } 

@book{ gardner_m:1984a,
  author = {Martin Gardner},
  title = {Puzzles From Other Worlds},
  publisher = {Viking Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {mathematics-puzzles;}  
 } 

@article{ gardner_r:2000a,
  author = {Roy Gardner},
  title = {Review of {\it Probability and Conditionals: Belief
  	Revision and Rational Decision}, edited by Ellery Eells and
	{B}rian {S}kyrms, and of {\it Taking Chances}, by {J}ordan
	{H}oward {S}obel},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {553--557},
  xref = {Review of: eells-skyrms:1994a, sobel_jh:1994a.},
  topic = {probability;conditionals;CCCP;causal-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ garey-johnson:1979a,
  author = {Michael R. Garey and David S. Johnson},
  title = {Computers and Intractability},
  publisher = {W.H. Freeman and Co.},
  year = {1979},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0-7167-1045-5 (pbk.)},
  topic = {algorithmic-complexity;}  
 } 

@book{ garfield:1987a,
  editor = {Jay L. Garfield},
  title = {Modularity in Knowledge Representation and Natural-Language
                   Understanding},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-modularity;}  
 } 

@book{ garfield:1987b,
  editor = {Jay L. Garfield},
  title = {Modularity in Knowledge Representation and Natural-Language
    Understanding},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262071053},
  topic = {cognitive-modularity;philosophy-of-cogsci;}  
 } 

@book{ garfield:1988a,
  author = {Jay L. Garfield},
  title = {Belief in Psychology: A Study in the Ontology of Mind},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262071088},
  topic = {belief;philosophical-psychology;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@incollection{ garfinkel:1972a,
  author = {H. Garfinkel},
  title = {Remarks on Ethnomethodology},
  booktitle = {Directions in Sociolinguistics},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {J.J. Gumperz and D.H. Hymes},
  pages = {301--324},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {ethnomethodology;sociolinguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gargenfors:2002a,
  author = {Peter G\"argenfors},
  title = {The Role of Higher-Order Similarity in Induction and 
  	Concept-Formation},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {629},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {concept-formation;connectionist-models;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ gargouri-etal:1998a,
  author = {Bilel Gargouri and Abdelmajid Ben Hamadou and Mohamed Jmaiel},
  title = {Vers l'utilisation des m\'ethodes formelles pour le
  	d\'eveloppement de linguiciels},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {438--443},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {software-engineering;nl-processing;}  
} 

@article{ gargov-goranko:1993a,
  author = {George Gargov and Valentin Goranko},
  title = {Modal Logic with Names},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {6},
  pages = {607--636},
  contentnote = {Add variables ranging over singleton sets of worlds.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ garner:1971a,
  author = {Richard Garner},
  title = {\,`Presupposition'\, in Philosophy and Linguistics},
  booktitle = {Studies in Linguistic Semantics},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {23--44},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ garnham-oakhill:1994a,
  author = {Alan Garnham and Jane Oakhill},
  title = {Thinking and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631170022 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ garrett_b:1988a,
  author = {Brian Garrett},
  title = {Vagueness and Identity},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {48},
  pages = {130--144},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@article{ garrett_b:1991a,
  author = {Brian Garrett},
  title = {Vague Identity and Vague Objects},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {341--351},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@article{ garrett_b:1991b,
  author = {Brian Garrett},
  title = {Vagueness, Identity and the World},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {17},
  number = {85--86},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ garrett_mf:1990a,
  author = {Merrill F. Garrett},
  title = {Sentence Processing},
  booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science,
     Vol. 1.},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {133--175},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {parsing-psychology;psycholinguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ garrod-sanford:1996a,
  author = {Simon C. Garrod and Anthony J. Sanford},
  title = {Discourse Models as Interfaces Between Language and the
  	Spatial World},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {147--160},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {discourse;spatial-reasoning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ garside-etal:1987a,
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Geoffrey Sampson},
  title = {The Computational Analysis of {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1987},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;English-language;}  
} 

@book{ garside-etal:1997a,
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  title = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  address = {London},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Geoffrey Leech, "Introducing Corpus Annotation", pp. 1--18
     2. Geoffrey Leech, "Grammatical Tagging", pp. 19--33
     3. Geoffrey Leech and Elizabeth Eyes, "Syntactic Annotation:
     		Treebanks", pp. 34--52
     4. Andrew Wilson and Jenny Thomas, "Semantic Annotation", pp. 53--65
     5. Roger Garside and Steve Fliegelstone and Simon 
     		Botley, "Discourse Annotation", pp. 66--84 
     6. Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery and Martin Wynne, "Further
     		Levels of Annotation", pp. 85--101
     7. Roger Garside and Nicholas Smith, "A Hybrid Grammatical
     		Tagger: {CLAWS}4", pp. 102--121
     8. Steve Fliegelstone and Mike Pacey and Paul Rayson, "How to
     		Generalize the Task of Annotation", pp. 122--136
     9. Nicholas Smith, "Improving a Tagger", pp. 137--150
    10. Fernando S\'anchez L\'eon and Amalio F. Nieto 
    		Serrano, "Retargetting a Tagger", pp. 151--166
    11. Jeremy Bateman and Jean Forrest and Tim Willis, "The Use
    		of Syntactic Annotation Tools: Partial and Full
		Parsing", pp. 166--
    12. Roger Garside and Paul Rayson, "Higher-Level Annotation 
    		Tools", pp. 179--193
    13. Tony McEnery and Paul Rayson, "A Corpus/Annotation 
    		Toolbox", pp. 194--208
    14. Tony McEnery and John Paul Baker and John Hutchinson, "A
    		Corpus-Based Grammar Tutor", pp. 209--219
    15. Tony McEnery and Jean-Marc Lang\'e and Michael Oakes
    		and Jean V\'eronis, "The Exploitation of Multilingual
		Annotated Corpora for Term Extraction", pp. 220--230
    16. Peter Kahrel and Ruthanna Barnet and Geoffrey Leech, "Towards
    		Cross-Linguistic Standards or Guidelines for the
		Annotation of Corpora", pp. 231--242
    17. John Paul Baker, "Consistency and Accuracy in Correcting
    		Automatically Tagged Data", pp. 243--250
  } ,
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;corpus-tagging;}  
} 

@incollection{ garside-etal:1997b,
  author = {Roger Garside and Steve Fliegelstone and Simon Botley},
  title = {Discourse Annotation},
  booktitle = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  pages = {66--84},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;discourse-tagging;}  
  } 

@incollection{ garside-rayson:1997a,
  author = {Roger Garside and Paul Rayson},
  title = {Higher-Level Annotation Tools},
  booktitle = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  pages = {179--193},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ garside-smith_n:1997a,
  author = {Roger Garside and Nicholas Smith},
  title = {A Hybrid Grammatical Tagger: {CLAWS}4},
  booktitle = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  pages = {102--121},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;corpus-tagging;}  
  } 

@article{ garson:1973a,
  author = {James W. Garson},
  title = {Indefinite Topological Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {102--118},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ garson:1977a,
  author = {James W. Garson},
  title = {Quantification in Modal Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year  = {1977},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {249--307},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;}  
 } 

@article{ garson:1980a,
  author = {James W. Garson},
  title = {The Unaxiomatizability of a Quantified Intensional Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {59--72},
  contentnote = {Shows that a version of quantified modal logic
  	with quantifiers over individual concepts is not
	axiomatizable.},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;unaxiomatizability-theorems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ garson:1984a,
  author = {James W. Garson},
  title = {Quantification in Modal Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}:
  	Extensions of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {249--307},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;}  
 } 

@article{ garson:2001a,
  author = {James W. Garson},
  title = {Review of {\it First Order Modal Logic}, by {M}elvin {F}itting
  	and {R}ichard {L}. {M}endelsohn},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {287--300},
  xref = {Review of fitting-mendelsohn:1998b.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ garton:1996a,
  author = {Brad Garton},
  title = {Review of {\it Music and Connectionism}, edited by {P}eter
 	{T}odd and {D}. {G}areth {L}oy},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {79},
  number = {2},
  pages = {387--398},
  xref = {Review of todd-loy:1991a},
  topic = {AI-and-music;connectionist-models;connectionism;}  
  } 

@book{ gary-keenan_e:1976a,
  author = {Judith Olmsted Gary and Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {Grammatical Relations in {K}inyarwanda and Universal Grammar},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {Bantu-languages;grammatical-relations;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ gaschnig:1987a1,
  author = {John Gaschnig},
  title = {A Problem Similarity Approach to Devising
	  Heuristics: First Results},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Kenneth Forbus and Howard Shrobe},
  pages = {301--307},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  xref = {Republication: gaschnig:1987a2.},
  topic = {search;analogy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gaschnig:1987a2,
  author = {John Gaschnig},
  title = {A Problem Similarity Approach to Devising
	  Heuristics: First Results},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {23--29},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: gaschnig:1987a1.},
  topic = {search;analogy;}  
  } 

@article{ gaskin:1993a,
  author = {Richard Gaskin},
  title = {The Sea Battle and the Master Argument: {A}ristotle and
  	{D}iodorus {C}ronus on the Metaphysics of the Future},
  journal = {Phronesis},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--94},
  acontentnote = {Abstract: 
     The article argues that in chapter 10 of his treatise ``De Fato''
     Alexander presupposes an interpretation of Aristotle's ``De
     Interpretatione'' 9 according to which Aristotle restricted the
     principle of bivalence for statements about future
     contingencies.  This reading of Alexander had been challenged on
     the grounds that Alexander presupposes determinism in arguing
     against his Stoic opponents, and that this presupposition
     prevents us from assessing whether Alexander thought necessity
     is consequential upon the sheer assumption of future truth. But
     by detailed examination of the text it is shown that the
     presupposition of determinism does not enter into the specific
     part of the text where future truth is in question, and that
     there Alexander does argue for an entailment from future truth
     to necessity, and hence that he must have supposed that
     Aristotle restricted the general validity of the principle of
     bivalence in order to avoid a general necessitarianism.},
 topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;}  
       } 

@article{ gaskin:1994a,
  author = {Richard Gaskin},
  title = {Molina on Divine Foreknowledge and the Principle of Bivalence},
  journal = {Journal of the History of Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {32},
  number = {4},
  pages = {551--571},
  acontentnote = {Molina has two different approaches to the
     metaphysics of the future: in his commentary on Aristotle's ``De
     Interpretatione'' 9 he follows Aristotle in seeking to restrict the
     ``Principle of Bivalence'' with respect to future contingencies, but in
     his ``Concordia'' he offers an account of foreknowledge and middle
     knowledge which presupposes that Bivalence remains unrestricted.
     These two approaches are in conflict.  Furthermore, the conflict is
     imported by Molina into the ``Concordia'' itself.  The article engages
     in detail with the interpretations of Craig and Freddoso, who seek to
     reconcile Molina's various pronouncements on foreknowledge and future
     contingency. Molina's best course, if he wishes to restrict
     Bivalence, would be to embrace a Thomistic approach to future
     contingency; his objections to this approach are spurious.},
  topic = {future-contingent-propositions;medieval-philosophy;}  
  } 

@book{ gaskin:1995a,
  author = {Richard Gaskin},
  title = {The Sea Battle and the Master Argument: {A}ristotle and
  	{D}iodorus {C}ronus on the Metaphysics of the Future},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3010144301},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The book provides a detailed historical analysis of Aristotle's
     discussion of future contingency in "De Interpretatione" 9, as
     well as a reconstruction of Diodorus Cronus's master argument.
     It is argued that Aristotle adhered to an antirealist view of
     statements about the future, along the lines of the view
     attributed to him by his earliest extant commentators, Ammonius
     and Boethius.  The master argument is reconstructed without
     adducing extra premisses, but with the help of the Aristotelian
     principle that any contingency may be assumed to be actual
     without incoherence. The connections between Diodorus and
     Aristotle, as well as other pertinent Aristotelian texts, are
     examined.  Appendices consider relevant Peripatetic sources, as
     well as the medieval commentaries on "De Interpretatione" 9.  } ,
  xref = {Review: } ,
  topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ gaskin:1996a,
  author = {Richard Gaskin},
  title = {Sea Battles, Worn-Out Cloaks, and Other Matters of
  	Interpretation: {W}eidemann on {A}ristotle's `Peri
	Hermeneias'\,},
  journal = {Archiv f\"ur Geschichte der {P}hilosophie},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {78},
  number = {1},
  pages = {48--59},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
         Critical notice of Hermann Weidemann's commentary on
	 Aristotle's ``De Interpretatione''. I argue that Weidemann's
	 interpretation of Chapter 9--the controversial Sea Battle'
	 Chapter--is vitiated by being cast in terms of an incoherent
	 distinction between weak' and strong' truth. } ,
  xref = {Review of aristotle-deint:bc.},
  topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ gaskin:1998a,
  author = {Richard Gaskin},
  title = {Fatalism, Bivalence and the Past},
  journal = {Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {48},
  number = {190},
  pages = {83--88},
  acontentnote = {In his paper ``Some Comments on Fatalism''
      (Philosophical Quarterly 46, 1996, 1-11), James Cargile offers
      an argument against the view that the correct response to
      fatalism is to restrict the Principle of Bivalence with respect
      to statements about future contingencies.  His argument fails
      because it is question-begging.  Further, he fails to give due
      weight to the motivation behind such a view, which is the
      desire to give an adequate account of the past-future
      asymmetry.  He supposes that mere appeal to the direction of
      causation will suffice to explain this asymmetry, whereas in
      fact the causal asymmetry is the same as the temporal asymmetry
      and so cannot ground it.  The paper finishes by drawing a
      connection between the power asymmetry (our ability to affect
      the future but not the past) and the memory-intention
      asymmetry.},
  topic = {future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ gasking:1940a,
  author = {D.A.T. Gasking},
  title = {Mathematics and the World},
  journal = {The {A}ustralian Journal of Psychology and
  	Philosophy},
  year = {1940},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {97--116},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gasking:1962a,
  author = {Douglas Gasking},
  title = {Avowals},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series},
  publisher = {Barnes and Noble},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {154--169},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Commentary: lean:1962a.},
  topic = {indexicals;}  
  } 

@article{ gaspari:1998a,
  author = {Mauro Gaspari},
  title = {Concurrency and Knowledge-Level Communication in
  	Agent Languages},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--45},
  topic = {distributed-AI;artificial-communication;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gasquet:1993a,
  author = {Olivier Gasquet},
  title = {Automated Deduction for a Multi-Modal Logic of Time
  	  and Knowledge},
  pages = {38--45},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction in Nonstandard Logics},
  year = {1993},
  organization = {AAAI},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  month = {October},
  title = {Optimization of Deduction for Multi-Modal Logics},
  booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why?  Logical Approaches to
       Natural Language},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {61--77},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {modal-logic;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ gasser:1991a,
  author = {Les Gasser},
  title = {Social Conceptions of Knowledge and Action: {DAI} 
  	Foundations and Open Systems Semantics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {47},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {107--138},
  acontentnote = {Abstract: This article discusses foundations for
     Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI), with a particular
     critical analysis of Hewitt's Open Information Systems Semantics
     (OISS).
  } ,
  topic = {distributed-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ gathercole:1986a,
  author = {Virginia C. Gathercole},
  title = {Evaluating Competing Theories with Child Language
  	Data: The Case of the Mass-Count Distinction},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {151--190},
  topic = {mass-term-semantics;semantics-acquisition;L1-acquisition;}  
  } 

@book{ gathercole-baddeley:1994a,
  author = {Susan E. Gathercole  and Alan D. Baddeley},
  title = {Working Memory and Language},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {memory-models;psycholinguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ gauker:1997a,
  author = {Christopher Gauker},
  title = {Domains of Discourse},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {106},
  pages = {1--32},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Commentary: vandeemter:1998c.},
  topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;ambiguity;}  
  } 

@article{ gauker:2001a,
  author = {Christopher Gauker},
  title = {Situated Inference Versus Conversational Implicature},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {35},
  number = {2},
  pages = {163--189},
  topic = {implicature;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gaussier:1998a,
  author = {\'Eric Gaussier},
  title = {Flow Network Models for Word Alignment and Terminology
  	Extraction from Bilingual Corpora},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {444--450},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {text-alignment;}  
} 

@article{ gauthier:1977a,
  author = {David Gauthier},
  title = {Resolute Choice and Rational Deliberation: A Critique
  	and a Defense},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {31},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--25},
  topic = {preferences;rational-action;deliberation;intention;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gauthier:1978a,
  author = {David P. Gauthier},
  title = {Morality and Advantage},
  booktitle = {Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Joseph Raz},
  pages = {185--197},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {ethics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gauthier:1985a,
  author = {David Gauthier},
  title = {Maximization Constrained: The Rationality of Cooperation},
  booktitle = {Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation},
  publisher = {The University of British Columbia Press},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {75--93},
  address = {Vancouver},
  topic = {rationality;prisoner's-dilemma;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gavalda-waibel:1998a,
  author = {Marsal Gavald\'a and Alex Waibel},
  title = {Growing Semantic Grammars},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {451--456},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {computational-semantics;machine-learning;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ gavalda:2000a,
  author = {Marsal Gavald\`a},
  title = {Epiphenomenal Grammar Acquisition with {GSG}},
  booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Candace Sidner et al.},
  pages = {36--41},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;clarification-dialogues;}  
  } 

@article{ gawron:1986a,
  author = {Jean Mark Gawron},
  title = {Situations and Prepositions},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {327--382},
  topic = {nl-semantics;prepositions;situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ gawron:1987a,
  author = {Jean Mark Gawron},
  title = {Types, Contexts, and Semantic Objects},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {427--476},
  topic = {situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ gawron:1995a,
  author = {Jean M. Gawron},
  title = {Comparatives, Superlatives, and Resolution},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {333--380},
  topic = {nl-semantics;semantics-of-adjectives;sentence-focus;LF;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gawron:1996a,
  author = {Jean Mark Gawron},
  title = {Quantification, Quantificational Domains and
	Dynamic Logic},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {247--267},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ gazdar:1970a,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {Pragmatics and Logical Form},
  journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {1--13},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gazdar:1975a,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {Implicature and Presupposition},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Linguistics, University
		of Reading},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;presupposition;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ gazdar:1976a,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {Formal Pragmatics for Natural Language},
  school = {University of Reading},
  year = {1976},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Reading, England},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ gazdar-pullum:1976a,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar and Geoffrey Pullum},
  title = {Truth-Functional Connectives in Natural Language},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth Regional Meeting of the
  	{C}hicago {L}inguistics {S}ociety},
  year = {1976},
  pages = {220--234},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society},
  address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;philosophy-of-logic;nl-and-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gazdar-klein:1977a,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar and Ewan Klein},
  title = {Context-Sensitive Transderivational Constraints and
  	Conventional Implicature},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth Regional Meeting of the
  	Chicago Linguistics Society},
  year = {1977},
  pages = {137--146},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society},
  address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {presupposition;conventional-implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ gazdar:1978a,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {Heavy Parenthesis Wipe-Out Rules, {OK}?},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {281--289},
  topic = {presupposition;}  
  } 

@book{ gazdar:1979a,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {Pragmatics: Implicature, Presupposition, and Logical Form},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;presupposition;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gazdar:1979b,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {A Solution to the Projection Problem},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 11: Presupposition},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {ChoonKyo Oh and David A. Dineen},
  pages = {57--89},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gazdar:1980a,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {Pragmatic Constraints on Linguistic Production},
  booktitle = {Language Production, Volume 1: Speech and Talk},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {B. Butterworth},
  pages = {49--68},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gazdar:1980b,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {Phrase Structure Grammar},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Cognitive Studies Program,
  	University of Sussex.},
  topic = {GPSG;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gazdar:1980c,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {A Phrase Structure Syntax for Comparative Clauses},
  booktitle = {Lexical Grammar},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1980},
  editor = {T. Hoekstra and H. {van der Hulst} and M. Moortgat},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {GPSG;comparative-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ gazdar:1980d,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {A Cross-Categorial Semantics for Conjunction},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {407--409},
  topic = {coordination;nl-semantic-types;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gazdar-sag:1980a,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar and Ivan A. Sag},
  title = {Passive and Reflexives in Phrase Structure Grammar},
  booktitle = {Formal Methods in the Study of Language},
  publisher = {Foris},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Jeroen A. Groenendijk and Theo Janssen and Martin Stokhof},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  pages = {131--152},
  topic = {GPSG;passive;reflexive-constructions;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gazdar:1981b,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {Speech Act Assignment},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Workshop on
  	Computational Aspects of Computational Aspects of
	Linguistic Structure and Discourse Setting},
  year = {1981},
  pages = {64--83},
  editor = {Arivind K. Joshi and Ivan A. Sag and Bonnie Webber},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ gazdar:1981c,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {Unbounded Dependencies and Coordinate Structure},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {155--184},
  topic = {GPSG;}  
  } 

@book{ gazdar-etal:1981a,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar and Geoffrey K. Pullum Ivan Sag},
  title = {Auxiliaries and Related Phenomena in a Restrictive Theory of
		Grammar},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1981},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {GPSG;auxiliary-verbs;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gazdar-good:1982a,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar and David Good},
  title = {On a Notion of Relevance},
  booktitle = {Mutual Knowledge},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {N.V. Smith},
  pages = {88--100},
  address = {London},
  topic = {mutual-beliefs;discourse;relevance-theory;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ gazdar-pullum:1982a,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar and Geoffrey K. Pullum},
  title = {Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar: A Theoretical Synopsis},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {GPSG;}  
 } 

@book{ gazdar-etal:1985a,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar and Ewan Klein and Geoffrey Pullum and Ivan
  	Sag},
  title = {Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: jacobson:1987a.},
  topic = {GPSG;}  
 } 

@techreport{ gazdar-etal:1987a1,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar and Geoffrey Pullum and Bob Carpenter and Thomas
  	Hukari and Robert Levine},
  title = {Category Structures},
  institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information,
  	Stanford University},
  number = {CSLI--87--102},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: gazdar-etal:1987a2.},
  topic = {syntactic-categories;}  
  } 

@article{ gazdar-etal:1987a2,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar and Geoffrey Pullum and Bob Carpenter and Thomas
  	Hukari and Robert Levine},
  title = {Category Structures},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--19},
  xref = {Technical report: gazdar-etal:1987a1.},
  missinginfo = {number.},
  topic = {syntactic-categories;}  
  } 

@book{ gazdar-etal:1987b,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar and Alex Franz and Karen Osborne and Roger
	Evans},
  title = {Natural Language Processing in the 1980s: A Bibliography},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {nlp-bibliography;}  
 } 

@book{ gazdar-mellish:1989a,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar and Chris Mellish},
  title = {Natural Language Processing in {P}rolog: An Introduction to
  	Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {ISBN:  0201180537},
  topic = {nlp-intro;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ gazdar:1990a,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {Ceteris Paribus},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {DATR;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gazdar:1993a,
  author = {Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {The Handling of Natural Language},
  booktitle = {The Simulation of Human Intelligence},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Donald Broadbent},
  pages = {151--177},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nlp-survey;}  
  } 

@book{ geach:1962a,
  author = {Peter Geach},
  title = {Reference and Generality},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1962},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  topic = {reference;nl-quantification;philosophical-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ geach:1965a,
  author = {Peter T. Geach},
  title = {On Complex Terms},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--8},
  xref = {Commentary: geach:1965b.},
  topic = {nl-quantification;relative-clauses;}  
  } 

@article{ geach:1965b,
  author = {Peter T. Geach},
  title = {Complex Terms Again},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {23},
  pages = {716--717},
  xref = {Commentary on: geach:1965a.},
  topic = {nl-quantification;}  
  } 

@article{ geach:1967a,
  author = {Peter T. Geach},
  title = {Intentional Identity},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {64},
  number = {20},
  pages = {627--632},
  topic = {intentional-identity;}  
  } 

@article{ geach:1970a,
  author = {Peter T. Geach},
  title = {Two Paradoxes of {R}ussell's},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {67},
  number = {4},
  pages = {89--97},
  topic = {Russell;Russell-paradox;foundations-of-set-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ geach:1972a,
  author = {Peter T. Geach},
  title = {A Program for Syntax},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {483--497},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ geach:1976a,
  author = {Peter T. Geach},
  title = {Back-Reference},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {25--39},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ geach:1978a,
  author = {Peter T. Geach},
  title = {Russell on Denoting},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {38},
  pages = {204--205},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {on-denoting;Russell;}  
  } 

@article{ geach:1979a,
  author = {Peter T. Geach},
  title = {Russell and {F}rege Again},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {159--160},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {on-denoting;Frege;}  
  } 

@article{ geach:1982a,
  author = {Peter Geach},
  title = {Whatever Happened to Deontic Logic?},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {1--12},
  topic = {deontic-logic;practical-reasoning;}  
    } 

@inproceedings{ geanakoplos:1990a,
  author = {John Geanakoplos},
  title = {Common Knowledge in Economics},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {139--140},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  note = {This is an abstract for a tutorial session.},
  topic = {mutual-beliefs;game-theory;bargaining-theory;}  
  } 

@techreport{ geanakopolos:1989a,
  author = {John Geanakopolos},
  title = {Game Theory Without Partitions, and Applications to
  	Speculation and Consensus},
  institution = {Yale University},
  number = {Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper \#914},
  year = {1989},
  address = {New Haven, Connecticut},
  topic = {game-theory;agreeing-to-disagree;mutual-agreement;}  
  } 

@incollection{ geanakopolos:1992a,
  author = {John Geanakopolos},
  title = {Common Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {254--315},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-beliefs;game-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ geanakopolos:1992b,
  author = {John Geanakopolos},
  title = {We Can't Disagree Forever},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Theory},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {192--200},
  topic = {bargaining-theory;agreeing-to-disagree;mutual-agreement;}  
  } 

@incollection{ geanakopolos:1994b,
  author = {John Geanakopolos},
  title = {Common Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Game Theory, with Economic Applications, Vol. 2},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  editor = {Robert Aumann and Serigiu Hart},
  chapter = {40},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {mutual-belief;game-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gebhardt-kruse:1998a,
  author = {J\"org Gebhardt and Rudolf Kruse},
  title = {Parallel Combination of Information Sources},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 3:  Belief Change},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  pages = {393--439},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {knowledge-integration;}  
  } 

@incollection{ geckeler:1981a,
  author = {Horst Geckeler},
  title = {Structural Semantics},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {381--413},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {structuralist-linguistics;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ gediga-duntsch:2001a,
  author = {G\"unther Gediga and Ivo D\"untsch},
  title = {Rough Approximation Quality Revisited},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {132},
  number = {2},
  pages = {219--234},
  topic = {rough-sets;}  
  } 

@article{ gee-grosjean:1983a,
  author = {J. Gee and F. Grosjean},
  title = {Saying What You Mean in Dialogue: A Study in Conceptual
  	Coordination},
  journal = {Cognitive Psychology},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {discourse;coord-in-conversation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ geerts-etal:1998a,
  author = {P. Geerts and E. Laenens and D. Vermeir},
  title = {Defeasible Logics},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 2: Reasoning with
                Actual and Potential Contradictions},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {175--210},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logics;}  
  } 

@book{ geertz:1973a,
  author = {Clifford Geertz},
  title = {The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays},
  publisher = {Basic Books},
  year = {1973},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {046503425X},
  topic = {ethnology;}  
 } 

@techreport{ geffner-pearl:1987a,
  author = {H\'ector Geffner and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Sound Defeasible Inference},
  institution = {Cognitive Systems Laboratory, Department of Computer
  	Science, UCLA},
  number = {CSD--8700XX R--94},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Los Angeles, CA 90024--1596},
  xref = {Revised as geffner-pearl:1987b, geffner-pearl:1990a},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ geffner-pearl:1987b,
  author = {H\'ector Geffner and Judea Pearl},
  title = {A Framework for Reasoning With Defaults},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Cognitive Systems Laboratory,
  	Department of Computer Science, UCLA.},
  xref = {Revised as geffner-pearl:1990a},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;uncertainty-in-AI;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ geffner:1988a,
  author = {H\'ector Geffner},
  title = {On the Logic of Defaults},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ geffner:1989a,
  author = {H\'ector Geffner},
  title = {Default Reasoning, Minimality and Coherence},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {137--148},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ geffner:1989b,
  author = {H\'ector Geffner},
  title = {Conditional Entailment: CLosing the Gap between
  	Defaults and Conditionals},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, IBM Watson Research Center.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ geffner-verna:1989a,
  author =  {H\'ector Geffner and Tom Verna},
  title = {Inheritance $=$ Chaining $+$ Defeat},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on
  	Methodologies for Intelligent Systems},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Zbigniew Raz},
  pages = {411--418},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ geffner:1990a,
  author = {H\'ector Geffner},
  title = {Causal Theories of Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  pages = {524--530},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {causality;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ geffner-pearl:1990a,
  author = {H\'ector Geffner and Judea Pearl},
  title = {A Framework for Reasoning With Defaults},
  booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson},
  pages = {69--87},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;uncertainty-in-AI;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ geffner:1991a,
  author = {H\'ector Geffner},
  title = {Beyond Negation as Failure},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {218--229},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;model-preference;nonmonotonic-logic;negation-as-failure;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ geffner:1992b,
  author = {H\'ector Geffner},
  title = {Conditional Entailment: Closing the Gap Between Defaults
  	and Conditionals},
  year = {1992},
  note = {Unpublished extended abstract, T.J. Watson Research Center,
  	Yorktown Heights, NY 10598.},
  contentnote = {Summarizes results of geffner:1992a.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ geffner:1992c,
  author = {H\'ector Geffner},
  title = {Default Reasoning: Causal and Conditional Theories},
  publisher = {{MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;probabilistic-reasoning;
  	kr-course;}  
 } 

@article{ geffner-pearl:1992a,
  author = {H\'ector Geffner and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Conditional Entailment: Bridging Two Approaches to Default
  	Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {53},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {209--244},
  contentnote = {Seeks to unify belief update formulations of NM reasoning
  	and contextualized-belief accounts.  Develops a model theory that
	generalizes preferential entailment.},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;belief-revision;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ geffner:1994a,
  author = {H\'ector Geffner},
  title = {Causal Default Reasoning: Principles and Algorithms},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {245--250},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;kr-course;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ geffner-bonet:1995a,
  author = {H\'ector Geffner and Blai Bonet},
  title = {Causal Systems as Dynamic Systems},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Unerversidad Sim\'on Bolivar.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {causality;Bayesian-networks;dynamic-systems;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ geffner-etal:1995a,
  author = {H\'ector Geffner and Jimena Llopis and Gisela M\'endez},
  title = {Sound and Efficient Non-Monotonic Inference},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1495--1500},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ geffner-bonet:1999a,
  author = {H\'ector Geffner and Blai Bonet},
  title = {Functional Strips: A More General Language for
		Planning and Problem Solving},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {planning-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ geffner:2000a,
  author = {H\'ector Geffner},
  title = {Functional {\sc Strips}},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {187--209},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;STRIPS;planning-formalisms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gehrke:1992a,
  author = {Manfred Gehrke},
  title = {Particles of the Part-Whole Relation},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {36--38},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;mereology;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ geiger-heckerman:1996a,
  author = {Dan Geiger and David Heckerman},
  title = {Knowledge Representation and Inference in Similarity
  	Networks and {B}ayesian Multinets},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {82},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {45--74},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@article{ geis-zwicky:1971a,
  author = {Michale L. Geis and Arnold Zwicky},
  title = {On Invited Inferences},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {561--566},
  topic = {implicature;}  
  } 

@article{ geis-lycan:1993a,
  author = {Michael L. Geis and William G. Lycan},
  title = {Nonconditional Conditionals},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {35--56},
  topic = {JL-Austin;conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ geis:1995a,
  author = {Michael L. Geis},
  title = {Speech Acts and Conversational Interaction},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ geisl-etal:1998a,
  author = {J. Geisl et al.},
  title = {Termination Analysis for Functional Programs},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {III}, Applications},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;software-engineering;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ geissler-konolige:1986a,
  author = {Christopher Geissler and Kurt Konolige},
  title = {A Resolution Method for Quantified Modal Logics of
  	Knowledge and Belief},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {309--324},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ gelbukh:2000a,
  author = {Alexander F. Gelbukh},
  title = {Review of {\it Foundations of Computational Linguistics:
  	Man-Machine Communication in Natural Language}, by {R}oland
	{H}ausser},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {449--455},
  xref = {Review of hausser:1999a.},
  topic = {computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ geldof:1999a,
  author = {Sabine Geldof},
  title = {Parrot-Talk Requires Multiple Context
			Dimensions},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {467--470},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gelfond:1980a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond},
  title = {A Class of Theorems With Constructive Counterparts},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {constructivity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gelfond-etal:1986a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz
  	and A. Rabinov},
  title = {What are the Limitations of the Situation Calculus?},
  booktitle = {Automated Reasoning: Essays in Honor of {W}oody
  	{B}ledsoe},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  pages = {167--179},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;situation-calculus;
  	temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gelfond-etal:1986b1,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska and Teodor Przymusinski},
  title = {On the Relationship between Circumscription and Negation as
		Failure},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at El Paso.},
  xref = {Journal publication: gelfond-etal:1986b2.},
  topic = {circumscription;negation-as-failure;}  
  } 

@article{ gelfond-etal:1986b2,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska and Teodor
  	Przymusinski},
  title = {On the Relationship between Circumscription and Negation
  	as Failure},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--94},
  topic = {circumscription;negation-as-failure;}  
  } 

@article{ gelfond-przymusinska:1986a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska},
  title = {Negation as Failure: Careful Closure Principle},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {273--287},
  topic = {negation-as-failure;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gelfond:1987a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond},
  title = {Autoepistemic Logic and Formalization of Commonsense Reasoning:
  	A Preliminary Report},
  booktitle = {Second International Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Michael Reinfrank and Johan de Kleer and Eric Sandewall},
  pages = {177--186},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {autoepistemic-logic;Yale-shooting-problem;inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gelfond-etal:1987a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska},
  title = {On the Relationship between Autoepistemic Logic
		and Parallel Circumscription},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at El Paso.},
  topic = {circumscription;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gelfond-przymusinska:1987a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska},
  title = {On the Relationship between Autoepistemic Logic and Parallel
		Circumscription},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished MS, Computer Science Department, University of
  	Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {autoepistemic-logic;circumscription;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gelfond:1988a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond},
  title = {Autoepistemic Logic and the Formalization of Commonsense
  	Reasoning},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, University of
  	Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {autoepistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;Yale-shooting-problem;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gelfond-etal:1988a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz and Arkady Rabinow},
  title = {A Theory of Concurrent Actions: Preliminary Report},
  year = {1988},
  month = {December},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {concurrency;action;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ gelfond-etal:1988b,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska and Teodor
  	Przymusinski},
  title = {On the Relationship between {CWA}, Minimal Model
  	and Minimal {H}erbrand Model Semantics},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;closed-world-reasoning;minimal-models;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gelfond-lifschitz:1988a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {A Theory of Concurrent Actions: Preliminary Report},
  year = {1988},
  month = {December},
  note = {Unpublished MS, Computer Science Department, University of Texas
  	at El Paso.},
  topic = {concurrent-actions;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gelfond-lifschitz:1988b,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {The Stable Model Semantics for Logic Programming},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on
		Logic Programming},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Robert A. Kowalski and Kenneth Bowen},
  pages = {1070--1080},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {logic-programming;stable-models;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gelfond-lifschitz:1988c,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Compiling Circumscriptive Theories into Logic Programs},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, University of
  	Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968.},
  topic = {circumscription;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gelfond-przymusinska:1988a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska},
  title = {Inheritance Hierarchies and Autoepistemic Logic},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished MS, Computer Science Department, University of
  	Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gelfond-przymusinska:1988b,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska},
  title = {Inheritance Reasoning in Autoepistemic Logic},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished MS, Computer Science Department, University of
  	Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gelfond-przymusinska:1988c,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska},
  title = {On the Relationship between {CWA}, Minimal
  	Model and Minimal {H}erbrand Model Semantics},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished MS, Computer Science Department, University of
  	Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968.},
  topic = {closed-world-reasoning;nonmonotonic-loguc;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gelfond-przymusinska:1989a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska},
  title = {Inheritance Reasoning in Autoepistemic Logic},
  booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Zbigniew Ras},
  pages = {419--429},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gelfond-przymusinska:1989b,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska},
  title = {Inheritance Reasoning with Maximum Power Principle},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at El Paso.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ gelfond-przymusinska:1990a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska},
  title = {Formalization of Inheritance Reasoning in Autoepistemic
		Logic},
  journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {403--443},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gelfond-etal:1991a,
  author = {Michael L. Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska and Vladimir
  	Lifschitz and Miroslaw Truszczy\'nski},
  title = {Disjunctive Defaults},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {230--237},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;default-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gelfond-etal:1991b,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz and Arkady Rabinov},
  title = {What are the Limitations of the Situation Calculus?},
  booktitle = {Automated Reasoning: Essays in Honor of {W}oody {B}ledsoe},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Robert Boyer},
  pages = {167--179},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {action-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;concurrent-actions;
  	foundations-of-planning;situation-calculus;
  	temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ gelfond-lifschitz:1991a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Classical Negation in Logic Programs and Disjunctive
		Databases},
  journal = {New Generation Computing},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {365--385},
  missinginfo = {volume.number},
  topic = {logic-programming;negation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gelfond-lifschitz:1992a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Describing Action and Change by Logic Programs},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint International Conference and
  	Symposium of Logic Programming},
  year = {1992},
  missinginfo = {editor, org, pages, conf info, publisher, address,
  	topic specs},
  topic = {action;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gelfond-lifschitz:1992b,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Representing Actions in Extended Logic Programs},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Logic Programming},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {559--573},
  topic = {action;extended-logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ gelfond-lifschitz:1993a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Representing Action and Change by Logic Programs},
  journal = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {17},
  number = {2,3,4},
  pages = {301--323},
  topic = {logic-programming;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@article{ gelfond:1994a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond},
  title = {Logic Programming and Reasoning with Incomplete Information},
  journal = {Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {89--116},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {logic-programming;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} 
  } 

@incollection{ gelfond-etal:1994a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz and Halina
  	Przymusinska and Grigori Schwartz},
  title = {Autoepistemic Logic and Introspective Circumscription},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {197--207},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;circumscription;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ gelfond:1998a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond},
  title = {Review of {\it Solving the Frame Problem},  by
  	{M}urray {S}hanahan},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {63},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1186--1188},
  xref = {Review of: shanahan:1997a.},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;krcourse;}  
  } 

@article{ gelfond-lifschitz:1998a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Action Languages},
  journal = {Electronic Transactions on {AI}},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {3},
  note = {Available at http://www.ep.liu.se/rs/cis/1998/016/},
  topic = {action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gelfond-san_tc:1998a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Tran Cao San},
  title = {Reasoning with Prioritized Defaults},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming and Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Teodor C.
  	Przymusinski},
  pages = {164--224},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-prioritization;nonmonotonic-logic;
  	logic-programming;stable-models;} 
  } 

@book{ gelfond-etal:1999a,
  editor = {Michael Gelfond and Nicola Leone and Gerald Pfeifer},
  title = {Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning: Proceedings
  	of the 5th International Conference, LPNMR '99, El Paso,
	Texas, December 2--4, 1999},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-540-66749-0 (Softcover)},
  contentnote = {Blurb:
     This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th
     International Conference on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic
     Reasoning, LPNMR '99, held in El Paso, Texas, USA, in December
     1999.  The volume presents 26 contributed papers and four
     invited talks, three appearing as extended abstracts and one as
     a full paper.  Topics covered include logic programming,
     non-monotonic reasoning, knowledge representation, semantics,
     complexity, expressive power, and implementation and
     applicatons.     } ,
  topic = {logic-programming;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ gelfond:2001a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond},
  title = {Representing Knowledge in A-Prolog},
  year = {2001},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Texas Tech University},
  contentnote = {"A-Prolog" is logic programming with the stable
  	models / answer set semantics.},
  topic = {kr;logic-programming;nonmonotonic-logic;planning-formalisms;
  		stable-models;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ gelfond-etal:2002a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Marcello Balduccini and Joel Galloway},
  title = {Diagnosing Physical Systems in {A}-Prolog},
  year = {2002},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Texas Tech University},
  topic = {diagnosis;logic-programming;stable-models;} 
  } 

@article{ gelfond-leone:2002a,
  author = {Michael Gelfond and Nicola Leone},
  title = {Logic Programming and Knowledge Representation---The {A}-Prolog
  	Perspective},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {138},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {3--38},
  topic = {kr;logic-programming;Prolog;} 
  } 

@incollection{ gelman-etal:1991a,
  author = {Rochel Gelman and Christine M.  Massey and Mary
    		McManus},
  title = {Characterizing Supporting Environments for
		Cognitive Development: Lessons from Children in a
		Museum},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {226--256},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}  
  } 

@article{ gelperin:1977a,
  author = {David Gelperin},
  title = {On the Optimality of A*},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {69--76},
  topic = {search;AI-algorithms-analysis;A*-algorithm;optimality;}  
  } 

@article{ gelsey:1995a,
  author = {Andrew Gelsey},
  title = {Automated Reasoning about Machines},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {74},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--53},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Numerical simulation is often used in predicting machine
     behavior, a basic capability for many tasks such as design and
     fault diagnosis.  However, using simulators requires considerable
     human effort both to create behavioral models and to analyze and
     understand simulation results.  I describe algorithms which
     automate the kinematic and dynamical analysis needed to create
     behavioral models and which automate the intelligent control of
     computational simulations needed to understand a machine's
     behavior over both short and long time scales.  The input is a
     description of a machine's geometry and material properties, and
     the output is a behavioral model for the machine and a concise
     qualitative/quantitative prediction of the machine's long-term
     behavior.  My algorithms have been implemented in a working
     program which can predict a machine's behavior over both short
     and long time periods.  At present this work is limited to
     mechanical devices, particularly clockwork mechanisms.},
  topic = {device-modeling;dynamic-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ gelsey-etal:1998a,
  author = {Andrew Gelsey and Mark Schwabacher and Don Smith},
  title = {Using Modeling Knowledge to Guide Design Space
  	Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {101},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {35--62},
  topic = {computer-aided-design;}  
  } 

@article{ gemes:1994a,
  author = {Ken Gemes},
  title = {A New Theory of Content {I}: Basic Content},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {6},
  pages = {596--620},
  contentnote = {An attempt to produce a more useful account of
  	the content of a formula for use in philosophy of science,
	e.g. in the theory of confirmation or verisimilitude.  The
	notion of content as set of consequences implies that any
	two formulas overlap in content.  This approach uses classical
	logic and is language-dependent, i.e. uses the notion of an
	atomic formula.},
  topic = {logical-content;}  
  } 

@article{ gemes:1994b,
  author = {Ken Gemes},
  title = {Explanation, Unification, and Content},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {28},
  pages = {225--240},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {logical-content;explanation;}  
  } 

@article{ gemes:1997a,
  author = {Ken Gemes},
  title = {A New Theory of Content {II}: Model Theory and Some
  	Alternatives},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {4},
  pages = {449--476},
  topic = {logical-content;}  
  } 

@incollection{ genesereth:1982a,
  author = {Michael Genesereth},
  title = {The Role of Plans in Intelligent Teaching Systems},
  booktitle = {Intelligent Tutoring Systems},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {Derek H. Sleeman and John Seely Brown},
  pages = {137--155},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {plan-recognition;}  
  } 

@article{ genesereth:1984a,
  author = {Michael R. Genesereth},
  title = {The Use of Design Descriptions in Automated Diagnosis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {411--436},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;diagnosis;}  
  } 

@book{ genesereth-nilsson_nj:1987a,
  author = {Michael Genesereth and Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {Logical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Reviews: smoliar:1989a, sowa:1989a.  Response to reviews:
  		nilsson_nj:1989a.},
  topic = {kr;AI-intro;AI-and-logic;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ genesereth:1991a,
  author = {Michael R. Genesereth},
  title = {Knowledge Interchange Format},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {599--600},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  contentnote = {This is a position statement, prepared in connection
  	with a conference panel.  There is no bibliography.},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;knowledge-sharing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ genesereth-hsu:1991a,
  author = {Michael Genesereth and Jane Yungjen Hsu},
  title = {Partial Programs},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {238--249},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;constraint-programming;}  
  } 

@techreport{ genesereth-fikes:1992a,
  author = {Michael R. Genesereth and Richard E. Fikes},
  title = {Knowledge Interchange Format, Version 0.3},
  institution = {Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {computational-ontology;} 
  } 

@article{ genesereth:1993a,
  author = {Michael R. Genesereth},
  title = {From {D}art to {D}esignworld: A Chronicle
  	of Research on Automated Engineering in the {S}tanford
	Logic Group},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {159--165},
  topic = {diagnosis;automated-engineering;}  
  } 

@incollection{ genesereth:1996a,
  author = {Michael R. Genesereth},
  title = {Mc{C}arthy's Idea},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop,
  	{Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3,
	1996.},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska},
  pages = {134--142},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {J-McCarthy;}  
  } 

@article{ gennari-etal:1989a,
  author = {John H. Gennari and Pat Langley and Doug Fisher},
  title = {Models of Incremental Concept Formation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {40},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {11--61},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Given a set of observations, humans acquire concepts that
     organize those observations and use them in classifying future
     experiences.  This type of concept formation can occur in the
     absence of a tutor and it can take place despite irrelevant and
     incomplete information.  A reasonable model of such human concept
     learning should be both incremental and capable of handling the
     type of complex experiences that people encounter in the real
     world.  In this paper, we review three previous models of
     incremental concept formation and then present CLASSIT, a model
     that extends these earlier systems.  All of the models integrate
     the process of recognition and learning, and all can be viewed
     as carrying out search through the space of possible concept
     hierarchies.  In an attempt to show that CLASSIT is a robust
     concept formation system, we also present some empirical studies
     of its behavior under a variety of conditions.},
  topic = {machine-learning;concept-learning;concept-formation;}  
  } 

@article{ gent-walsh:1994a,
  author = {Ian P. Gent and Toby Walsh},
  title = {Easy Problems are sometimes hard},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {70},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {335--345},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We present a detailed experimental investigation of the
     easy-hard-easy phase transition for randomly generated instances
     of satisfiability problems. Problems in the hard part of the
     phase transition have been extensively used for benchmarking
     satisfiability algorithms. This study demonstrates that problem
     classes and regions of the phase transition previously thought
     to be easy can sometimes be orders of magnitude more difficult
     than the worst problems in problem classes and regions of the
     phase transition considered hard.  These difficult problems are
     either hard unsatisfiable problems or are satisfiable problems
     which give a hard unsatisfiable subproblem following a wrong
     split.  Whilst these hard unsatisfiable problems may have short
     proofs, these appear to be difficult to find, and other proofs
     are long and hard.},
  topic = {computational-phase-transitions;
  	experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;}  
  } 

@article{ gent-walsh:1996a,
  author = {Ian P. Gent and Toby Walsh},
  title = {The Satisfiability Constraint Gap},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {81},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {59--80},
  topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;
  	computational-phase-transitions;}  
  } 

@article{ gent-walsh:1996b,
  author = {Ian P. Gent and Toby Walsh},
  title = {The {TSP} Phase Transition},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {88},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {349--358},
  topic = {computational-phase-transitions;}  
  } 

@article{ gent-walsh_t:1999a,
  author = {Ian P. Gent and Toby Walsh},
  title = {Review of {\it Empirical Methods for Artificial
  	Intelligence}, by {P}aul {R}. {C}ohen},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {113},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {285--290},
  xref = {Review of: cohen_pr2:1995a.},
  topic = {experimental-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ gent-etal:2000a,
  author = {Ian Gent and Kostas Stergiou and Toby Walsh},
  title = {Decomposable Constraints},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {123},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {133--156},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;search;arc-(in)consistency;}  
  } 

@article{ gentzen:1934a,
  author = {Gerhard Gentzen},
  title = {Untersuchungen {\"u}ber das Logische Schliessen},
  journal = {Mathematische Zeitschrift},
  volume = {39},
  year = {1934},
  pages = {176--210},
  xref = {English translation (as ``Investigations into logical
            deduction'') in szabo_me:1969a, pages 68--131.},
  topic = {proof-theory;logic-classics;}  
    } 

@article{ gentzen:1965a,
  author = {Gerhard Gentzen},
  title = {Investigations into Logical Deduction {II}},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {204--218},
  note = {Originally published in 1935.  (Translated by M. Szabo.)},
  topic = {proof-theory;cut-free-deduction;logic-classics;}  
  } 

@article{ georgacarakos:1979a,
  author = {G.N. Georgacarakos},
  title = {Orthomodularity and Relevance},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {415--432},
  topic = {quantum-logic;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ georgalis:1989a,
  author = {Nicholas Georgalis},
  title = {Review of {\it Foundations of Illocutionary
  	Logic}, by {J}ohn {R}. {S}earle and {D}aniel
	{V}andervecken},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {6},
  xref = {Review of searle-vandervecken:1985a.},
  pages = {745--748},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ georgatos:1997a,
  author = {Konstantinos Georgatos},
  title = {Knowledge on Treelike Spaces},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {2},
  pages = {271--301},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;branching-time;}  
  } 

@article{ george_a:1988a,
  author = {Alexander George},
  title = {The Conveyability of Intuitionism, an Essay on
  	Mathematical Cognition},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {2},
  pages = {133--156},
  topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;philosophy-of-mathematics;
  	intuitionism;}  
  } 

@book{ george_a:1989a,
  editor = {Alexander George},
  title = {Reflections On {C}homsky},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631159762},
  topic = {Chomsky;nl-syntax;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ george_a-velleman:2000a,
  author = {Alexander George and Daniel Velleman},
  title = {Leveling the Playing Field between Mind and Machine:
  	A Reply to {M}cC{a}ll},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {8},
  pages = {456--461},
  xref = {Comment on mccall:1999a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-computation;goedels-first-theorem;}  
  } 

@article{ george_r:1983a,
  author = {Rolf George},
  title = {A Postscript on Fallacies},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {319--325},
  topic = {Bolzano;fallacies;}  
  } 

@article{ george_r:1988a,
  author = {Rolf George},
  title = {Bolzano's Consequence, Relevance, and Enthymemes},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {299--318},
  topic = {Bolzano;logical-consequence;}  
  } 

@article{ georgeff:1982a,
  author = {Michael P. Georgeff},
  title = {Procedural Control in Production Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {175--201},
  topic = {rule-based-reasoning;procedural-control;}  
  } 

@article{ georgeff:1983a,
  author = {Michael P. Georgeff},
  title = {Strategies in Heuristic Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {393--425},
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@techreport{ georgeff-bodnar:1984a,
  author = {Michael Georgeff and Stephen Bodnar},
  title = {A Simple and Efficient Implementation of Higher-Order
		Functions in {\sc lisp}},
  institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information,
  	Stanford University},
  number = {CSLI--84--19},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Stanford, CA},
  topic = {higher-order-programming-constructs;}  
  } 

@techreport{ georgeff-lansky:1985a,
  author = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy L. Lansky},
  title = {A System for Reasoning in Dynamic
  	Domains: Fault Diagnosis on the Space Shuttle},
  institution = {SRI International},
  number = {375},
  year = {1985},
  topic = {diagnosis;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ georgeff-lansky:1985b,
  author = {Michael Georgeff and Amy Lansky},
  title = {Procedural Knowledge},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} Special Issue on Knowledge
  	Representation},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {1383--1398},
  missinginfo = {Volume?  Is information in right form?  Check this issue
  	for KR.},
  topic = {knowing-how;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ georgeff:1986a,
  author = {Michael Georgeff},
  title = {The Representation of Events in Multiagent Domains},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  pages = {70--75},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {editors, checkpub},
  topic = {concurrent-actions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ georgeff:1986b,
  author = {Michael P. Georgeff},
  title = {Actions, Processes, and Causality},
  booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky},
  pages = {99--122},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {action;causality;action-effects;concurrent-action;}  
  } 

@techreport{ georgeff-etal:1986a,
  author = {Michael Georgeff and Amy Lansky and M.  Schoppers},
  title = {Reasoning and Planning in Dynamic Domains: An Experiment
	 with a Mobile Robot},
  number = {380},
  institution = {AI Center, SRI International},
  year = {1986},
  topic = {planning;robotics;}  
  } 

@book{ georgeff-lansky:1986b,
  editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky},
  title = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {action;action-formalisms;foundations-of-planning;planning;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ georgeff:1987a,
  author = {Michael Georgeff},
  title = {Many Agents Are Better Than One},
  booktitle = {The Frame Problem in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings
  	of the 1987 Workshop},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Frank M. Brown},
  pages = {59--75},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {kr;frame-problem;concurrence;causality;}  
  } 

@book{ georgeff:1991a,
  editor = {Michael Georgeff},
  title = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI-91} Workshop on
  	Theoretical and Practical Design of Rational Agents},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {agent-architectures;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ georgeff-rao:1995a,
  author = {Michael Georgeff and Anand Rao},
  title = {The Semantics of Intention Maintenance for Rational Agents},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {704--710},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;intention-maintenance;}  
 } 

@article{ gerbrandy-groeneveld:1997a,
  author = {Jelle Gerbrandy and Willem Groeneveld},
  title = {Reasoning about Information Change},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {147--169},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;multiagent-epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gereveni-schubert:1994a,
  author = {Alfonso Gereveni and Lenhart Schubert},
  title = {An Efficient Method for Managing Disjunctions in Qualitative
  	Temporal Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {214--225},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  xref = {See gerevini-schubert:1995a.},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gerevini-schubert:1993a,
  author = {Alfonso Gerevini and Lenhart Schubert},
  title = {Efficient Temporal Reasoning Through Timegraphs},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {648--654},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {See gerevini-schubert:1995a.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ gerevini-schubert:1994b,
  author = {Alfonso Gerevini and Lenhart Schubert},
  title = {On Point-Based Temporal Disjointness},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {70},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {347--361},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We address the problems of determining consistency and of
     finding a solution for sets of three-point relations expressing
     exclusion of a point from an interval, and for sets of
     four-point relations expressing interval disjointness.
     Availability of these relations is an important requirement for
     dealing with the sorts of temporal constraints encountered in
     many AI applications such as plan reasoning. We prove that
     consistency testing is NP-complete and finding a solution is
     NP-hard.},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;interval-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ gerevini-schubert:1995a,
  author = {Alfonso Gerevini and Lenhart Schubert},
  title = {Efficient Algorithms for Qualitative Reasoning about Time},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {74},
  number = {2},
  pages = {207--248},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gerevini:1997a,
  author = {Alfonso Gerevini},
  title = {Reasoning about Time and Actions in {A}rtificial
  	{I}ntelligence: Major Issues},
  booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Oliviero Stock},
  pages = {43--70},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;foundations-of-planning;actions;
  	action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@article{ gerevini-renz:2002a,
  author = {Alfonso Gerevini and Jochen Renz},
  title = {Combining Topological and Size Information for Spatial
  	Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {137},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--42},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;constraint-based-reasoning;
  	constraint-satisfaction;complexity-in-AI;} 
  } 

@article{ gerla:1994a,
  author = {Giangiacomo Gerla},
  title = {Inferences in Probability Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {70},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {33--52},
  topic = {probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ german:1995a,
  author = {Alan M. Leslie and Tim P. German},
  title = {Knowledge and Ability in `Theory of Mind': One-Eyed
  	Overview of a Debate},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {123--150},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology;
  	mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@article{ gerrig-healy:1983a,
  author = {R.J. Gerrig and A.F. Healy},
  title = {Dual Processes in Metaphor Understanding: Comprehension and
        Appreciation},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and
  	Cognition},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {667--675},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {metaphor;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gerstl:1995a,
  author = {Peter Gerstl},
  title = {Word Meaning Between Lexical and Conceptual Structure},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {185--206},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;nl-kr;}  
  } 

@article{ gert:1998a,
  author = {Heather J. Gert},
  title = {Review of {\it Coming to Our Senses: A Naturalistic
  	Program for Semantic Localism}, by {M}ichael {D}evitt},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {1},
  pages = {123--125},
  xref = {Review of devitt:1995a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ gerts:2000a,
  author = {Bart Gerts},
  title = {Indefinites and Choice Functions},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {31},
  number = {4},
  pages = {731--738},
  topic = {epsilon-operator;indefiniteness;}  
  } 

@article{ gettier:1963a,
  author = {Edmund Gettier},
  title = {Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {121--123},
  topic = {belief;analytic-philosophy;epistemic-logic;belief;
  	philosophy-of-belief;}  
} 

@article{ geurts:1996a,
  author = {Bart Geurts},
  title = {Local Satisfaction Guaranteed: A Presupposition Theory and
  	Its Problems},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {259--294},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;accommodation;}  
  } 

@article{ geurts:1998a,
  author = {Bart Geurts},
  title = {Presuppositions and Anaphors in Attitude Contexts},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {21},
  number = {6},
  pages = {545--601},
  topic = {presupposition;anaphora;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@book{ geurts:1999a,
  author = {Bart Geurts},
  title = {Presuppositions and Pronouns},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0080435920},
  topic = {presupposition;anaphora;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ ghalib-alaoui:1989a,
  author = {Malik Ghalib and Mounir Alaoui},
  title = {Managing Efficiently Temporal Relations Through Indexed
  	Spanning Trees},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {1297--1303},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ghallib:1996a,
  author = {Malik Ghallib},
  title = {On Chronicles: Representations, On-Line Recognition and
  	Learning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {597--606},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ ghezzi-etal:1991a,
  author = {Carlo Ghezzi and Mehdi Jazayeri and Dino Mandrioli},
  title = {Introduction to the Personal Software Process},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201548097},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ ghidini-serafini:1996a,
  author = {Chiara Ghidini and Luciano Serafini},
  title = {Distributed First Order Logics},
  booktitle = {Frontiers of Combining Systems 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Franz Baader and Klaus Ulrich Schulz},
  publisher = {Research Studies Press},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  note = {Also IRST-Technical Report 9709-02, IRST, Trento, Italy},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ ghidini:1998a,
  author = {Chiara Ghidini},
  title = {A Semantics for Contextual Reasoning: Theory and Two
  	Relevant Applications},
  school = {Department of Computer Science, University of Rome
  	``La Sapienza''},
  year = {1998},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Rome},
  topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ghidini:1999a,
  author = {Chiara Ghidini},
  title = {Modelling (Un)Bounded Beliefs},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {145--158},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;multimodal-logic;epistemic-logic;
		logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ghidini-serfini:1999a,
  author = {Chiara Ghidini and Luigi Serfini},
  title = {A Context-Based Logic for Distributed Knowledge
  	Representation and Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {159--172},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@article{ ghidini-giunchiglia:2001a,
  author = {Chiara Ghidini and Fausto Giunchiglia},
  title = {Local Models Semantics, or Contextual Reasoning $=$
		Locality$\,+\,$Compatibility},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {127},
  number = {2},
  pages = {221--259},
  xref = {Conference Publication: ghidini-giunchiglia:1998a.},
  topic = {kr;context;epistemic-logic;propositional-attitudes;
		reasoning-about-knowledge;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ ghidini-giunchiglia_f:2001a,
  author = {Chiara Ghidini and Fausto Giunchiglia},
  title = {Local Models Semantics, or Contextual
  	Reasoning $=$ Locality $+$ Compatibility},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {127},
  number = {2},
  pages = {221--259},
  topic = {context;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@article{ ghilardi-zawadowski:1995a,
  author = {Silvio Ghilardi and Marek Zawadowski},
  title = {Undefinability of Propositional Quantifiers in the System
  	A4},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {55},
  number = {2},
  pages = {259--271},
  topic = {propositional-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ghirardato-marinacci:1998a,
  author = {Paolo Ghirardato and Massimo Marinacci},
  title = {Ambiguity Made Precise: A Comparative Foundation},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {293--296},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ghose-goebel:1998a,
  author = {Adiyata K. Ghose and Randy Goebel},
  title = {Belief States as Default Theories:  Studies in
  	Non-Prioritized Belief Change},
  booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henri Prade},
  pages = {8--12},
  address = {Chichester},
  contentnote = {This paper suggests using default theories to model
  	belief states.},
  rtnpte = {Relevant to my work on practical reasoning.},
  topic = {belief-revision;default-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ giambrone:1985a,
  author = {Steve Giambrone},
  title = {$TW_{+}$ and $RW_{+}$ Are Decidable},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {235--254},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ giannakidou:1995a,
  author = {Anastasia Giannakidou},
  title = {Subjunctive, Habituality and Negative Polarity Markers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {94--111},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;polarity;}  
  } 

@article{ giannakidou:1999b,
  author = {Anastasia Giannakidou},
  title = {Affective Dependencies},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {4},
  pages = {367--421},
  topic = {negation;polarity;}  
  } 

@article{ giannakidou:2001a,
  author = {Anastasia Giannakidou},
  title = {The Meaning of Free Choice},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {6},
  pages = {659--735},
  topic = {free-choice-`any/or';Greek-language;} 
  } 

@phdthesis{ gibbard:1971a1,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Utilitarianism and Coordination},
  school = {Philosophy Department, Harvard University},
  year = {1971},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Book Publication: gibbard:1971a2},
  topic = {utilititarianism;game-theoretic-coordination;}  
 } 

@book{ gibbard:1971a2,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Utilitarianism and Coordination},
  publisher = {Garland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1990},
  series = {Distinguished Harvard Dissertations in Philosophy},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Republication of gibbard:1971a1.},
  topic = {utilititarianism;game-theoretic-coordination;}  
 } 

@article{ gibbard:1972a,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Doing No More Harm Than Good},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {158--173},
  topic = {foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbard:1973a1,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Manipulation of Voting Schemes: A General Result},
  journal = {Econometrica},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {41},
  number = {4},
  pages = {587--601},
  xref = {Republication: gibbard:1973a2},
  topic = {welfare-economics;social-choice-theory;strategic-voting;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gibbard:1973a2,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Manipulation of Voting Schemes: A General Result},
  booktitle = {Social Choice Theory},
  publisher = {Elgar},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Charles Kershaw Rowley},
  address = {Aldershot, England},
  note = {International Library of Critical
     Writings in Economics, 27. Elgar Reference Collection.},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Republication of gibbard:1973a1},
  topic = {welfare-economics;social-choice-theory;strategic-voting;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbard:1973b,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Doing No More Harm Than Good},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {158--173},
  topic = {utilitatianism;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbard:1974a1,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {A Pareto-Consistent Libertarian Claim},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Theory},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {338--410},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: gibbard:1974a2},
  topic = {welfare-economics;ethics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gibbard:1974a2,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {A {P}areto-Consistent Libertarian Claim},
  booktitle = {Social Choice Theory},
  publisher = {Elgar},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Charles Kershaw Rowley},
  address = {Aldershot, England},
  note = {International Library of Critical Writings in Economics,
  	27.  Elgar Reference Collection.},
  xref = {Republication of gibbard:1974a1},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {welfare-economics;ethics;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbard:1975a,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Contingent Identity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {187--221},
  topic = {identity;individuation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gibbard:1975b,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Non-{B}ayesian News Items},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Pittsburgh.},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbard:1977a1,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Manipulation of Schemes That Mix Voting with Chance},
  journal = {Econometrica},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {45},
  number = {3},
  pages = {665--681},
  topic = {welfare-economics;social-choice-theory;strategic-voting;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbard:1978a,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Straightforwardness of Game Forms with Lotteries as Outcomes},
  journal = {Econometrica},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {46},
  number = {3},
  pages = {595--614},
  topic = {foundations-of-game-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gibbard:1978b,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Act-Utilitarian Agreements},
  booktitle = {Values and Morals: Essays in Honor of {W}illiam
  	{F}rankena, {C}harles {S}tevenson, and {R}ichard {B}randt},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Alvin I. Goldman and Jaegwon Kim},
  pages = {91--119},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbard:1978c,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Preference Strength and Two Kinds of Ordinalism},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {255--264},
  topic = {preferences;utilities;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gibbard:1978d,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Social Decision, Strategic Behavior, and Best Outcomes},
  booktitle = {Decision Theory and Social Ethics: Issues in Social
  	Choice},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Hans W. Gottinger and Werner Leinfellner},
  pages = {153--168},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {social-choice-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gibbard-harper:1978a1,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard and William L. Harper},
  title = {Counterfactuals and Two Kinds of Expected Utility},
  booktitle = {Foundations and Applications of Decision Theory},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Clifford Hooker and James J. Leach and Edward McClennen},
  pages = {125--162},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Republished in harper-etal:1981a.},
  topic = {conditionals;decision-theory;causal-decision-theory;
  	Newcomb-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gibbard-harper:1978a2,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard and William L. Harper},
  title = {Counterfactuals and Two Kinds of Expected Utility},
  booktitle = {Ifs: Conditionals, Belief, Decision, Chance, and Time},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Robert Stalnaker and Glenn Pearce},
  pages = {153--190},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Originally Published in hooker-etal:1978a.},
  topic = {conditionals;decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbard:1979a,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Disparate Goods and {R}awls' Difference Principle: A
  	Social Choice Theoretic Treatment},
  journal = {Theory and Decision},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {267--288},
  topic = {social-choice;social-justice;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gibbard:1981a,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Two Recent Theories of Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Ifs: Conditionals, Beliefs, Decision, Chance, Time},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Robert C. Stalnaker and G. Pearce},
  pages = {211--247},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gibbard:1981b,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Indicative Conditionals and Conditional Probability: Reply to
     {P}ollock},
  booktitle = {Ifs: Conditionals, Beliefs, Decision, Chance, Time},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Robert C. Stalnaker and G. Pearce},
  pages = {253--256},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {cccp;conditionals;probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gibbard:1982a,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Inchoately Utilitarian Common Sense: The Bearing of a Thesis of
     {S}idgwick's on Moral Theory},
  booktitle = {The Limits of Utilitarianism},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {Harlan B. Miller and William H. Williams},
  pages = {71--85},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gibbard:1982b,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Human Evolution and the Sense of Justice},
  booktitle = {Social and Political Philosophy},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {31--46},
  address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
  topic = {evolution;ethics;political-philosophy;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbard:1983a,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {A Noncognitivistic Analysis of Rationality in Action},
  journal = {Social Theory and Practice},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {199--222},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {rationality;action;ethics;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbard:1984a1,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Utilitarianism and Human Rights},
  journal = {Social Philosophy and Policy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {92--102},
  xref = {Republished in gibbard:1984a2, gibbard:1984a3.},
  topic = {utilitarianism;ethics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gibbard:1984a2,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Utilitarianism and Human Rights},
  booktitle = {Human Rights},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Ellen Paul Frankel and Fred {Miller, Jr.} and Jeffrey Paul},
  pages = {92--102},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Republication of gibbard:1984a1.},
  topic = {utilitarianism;ethics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gibbard:1984a3,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Utilitarianism and Human Rights},
  booktitle = {Readings in Social and Political Philosophy},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {John Arthur and William H. Shaw},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Republication of gibbard:1984a1.},
  topic = {utilitarianism;ethics;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbard:1985a,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Normative Objectivity},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--51},
  topic = {ethics;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbard:1985b1,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Moral Judgment and the Acceptance of Norms},
  journal = {Ethics},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {96},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--21},
  xref = {Republcations: gibbard:1985b2, gibbard:1985b3.},
  topic = {ethics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gibbard:1985b2,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Moral Judgment and the Acceptance of Norms},
  booktitle = {Ethics and Economics},
  publisher = {Elgar},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Alan P. Hamlin},
  address = {Aldershot, England},
  note = {International Library of Critical
     Writings in Economics. Elgar Reference Collection.},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Republcation of gibbard:1985b1.},
  topic = {ethics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gibbard:1985b3,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Moral Judgment and the Acceptance of Norms},
  booktitle = {Moral Philosophy: Selected Readings},
  publisher = {Harcourt Brace College Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {George Sher},
  address = {Fort Worth},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Republcation of gibbard:1985b1.},
  topic = {ethics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gibbard:1986a,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Risk and Value},
  booktitle = {Values at Risk},
  publisher = {Rowman and Allanheld},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Douglas MacLean},
  pages = {94--112},
  address = {Totowa, New Jersey},
  note = {Maryland Studies in Public Philosophy},
  topic = {utility;risk;decision-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gibbard:1987a,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Ordinal Utilitarianism},
  booktitle = {Arrow and the Foundations of the Theory of Economic
  	Policy},
  publisher = {New York University Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {George R. Feiwel},
  pages = {135--153},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
  } 

@book{ gibbard:1990a,
  author = {Allan F. Gibbard},
  title = {Wise Choices, Apt Feelings: A Theory of Normative Judgement},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {ethics;}  
 } 

@article{ gibbins:1982a,
  author = {P.F. Gibbins},
  title = {The Strange Modal Logic of Indeterminacy},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {50},
  pages = {443--446},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@book{ gibbon-etal:1997a,
  editor = {Daffyd Gibbon and Roger Moore and Richard Winski},
  title = {Handbook of Standards and Resources for Spoken Language
  	Systems},
  publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-11-015366-1},
  xref = {Review: vansanten:1998a},
  topic = {speech-generation;speech-recognition;} 
 } 

@book{ gibbon_d-richter:1984a,
  editor = {Dafydd Gibbon and Helmut Richter},
  title = {Intonation, Accent, and Rhythm: Studies in Discourse
  	Phonology},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
} 

@unpublished{ gibbon_d:1990a,
  author = {Daffyd Gibbon},
  title = {Prosodic Association by Template Inheritance},
  year = {1990},
  month = {March},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {lexical-prosody;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gibbon_d:1998a,
  author = {Daffyd Gibbon},
  title = {{ZDATR} Version 2.0},
  year = {1998},
  note = {Version 1.  Available from http://coral.lili.uni-bielefeld.de.},
  topic = {DATR;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbons:1996a,
  author = {John Gibbons},
  title = {Externalism and the Knowledge of Content},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {105},
  number = {3},
  pages = {287--310},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbs_jrw-obrian_j:1991a,
  author = {J.R.W. Gibbs and J. O'Brian},
  title = {Psychological Aspects of Irony Understanding},
  journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {16},
  number = {6},
  pages = {523--530},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {irony;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbs_rw:1980a,
  author = {Raymond W.. {Gibbs, Jr.}},
  title = {Spilling the Beans on Understanding and Memory for Idioms
  	in Conversation},
  journal = {Memory and Cognition},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {149--156},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {idioms;pragmatics;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbs_rw:1981a,
  author = {Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr.}},
  title = {Your Wish Is My Command: Convention and Context in
  	Interpreting Indirect Requests},
  journal = {Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {431--444},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {indirect-speech-acts;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbs_rw:1983a,
  author = {Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr.}},
  title = {Literal Meaning and Psychological Theory},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {275--304},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;cognitive-psychology;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbs_rw:1983b,
  author = {Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr.}},
  title = {Do People Always Process the Literal Meanings of Indirect
  	Requests?},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory,
  	and Cognition},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {524--533},
  topic = {indirect-speech-acts;cognitive-psychology;
  	foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbs_rw:1986a,
  author = {Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr.}},
  title = {On the Psycholinguistics of Sarcasm},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: General},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {115},
  pages = {3--15},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {irony;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbs_rw:1986b,
  author = {Raymond W.. {Gibbs, Jr.}},
  title = {What Makes Some Indirect Speech Acts Conventional?},
  journal = {Journal of Memory and Language},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {181--196},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {indirect-speech-acts;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbs_rw-nayak:1988a,
  author = {Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr.} and N.P. Nayak},
  title = {Psycholinguistic Studies on the Syntactic Behavior of Idioms},
  journal = {Cognitive Psychology},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {100--138},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {idioms;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbs_rw-gerrig:1989a,
  author = {Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr.} and R.J. Gerrig},
  title = {How Context Makes Metaphor Comprehension Seem `Special'\,},
  journal = {Metaphor and Symbolic Activity},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {145--158},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {metaphor;cognitive-psychology;context;}  
  } 

@article{ gibbs_rw-moise:1997a,
  author = {Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr.} and J.F. Moise},
  title = {Pragmatics in Understanding What Is Said},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {62},
  pages = {51--74},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {pragmatics;speaker-meaning;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ gibbs_rw:1999a,
  author = {Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr.}},
  title = {Intentions in the Experience of Meaning},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052157630-X (Pbk)},
  topic = {intentions;speaker-meaning;cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ gibbs_rw:1999b,
  author = {Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr.}},
  title = {Speakers' Intuitions and Pragmatic Theory},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {69},
  pages = {355--359},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {pragmatics;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gibert:1992a,
  author = {Jacek Gibert},
  title = {Declarative Knowledge Representation in Planning and
  	Scheduling},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {1--12},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;planning;scheduling;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ giboin:1999a,
  author = {Alain Giboin},
  title = {Contextual Divorces: Towards a Framework for Identifying
  	Critical Context Issues in Collaborative-Argumentation System
	Design},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {471--474},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;computer-aided-design;}  
  } 

@article{ giere:1976a,
  author = {Ronald N. Giere},
  title = {A {L}aplacian Formal Semantics for Single-Case
  	Propensities},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {321--353},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;propensity;}  
  } 

@article{ giere:2000a,
  author = {Ronald N. Giere},
  title = {Review of {\it The Dappled World: A Study in the
  	Boundaries of Science}, by } ,
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {527--530},
  xref = {Review of cartwright_n:1999a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;natural-laws;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gigerenzer:1998a,
  author = {Gerd Gigerenzer},
  title = {Psychological Challenges for Normative Models},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 1:  Quantified Representation
		of Uncertainty and Imprecision},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {441--467},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {psychology-of-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ gigerenzer-etal:1999a,
  author = {Gerd Gigerenzer and Peter M. Todd and the ABC Research
  	Group},
  title = {Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0195121562 (alk. paper)},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Gerd Gigerenzer and Peter M. Todd, "Fast and frugal
     		heuristics: the adaptive toolbox"
     2. Daniel G. Goldstein and Gerd Gigerenzer, "The recognition
     		heuristic: how ignorance makes us smart"
     3. Bernhard Borges, [et al.]..., "Can ignorance beat the stock
     		market?"
     4. Gerd Gigerenzer and Daniel G.Goldstein, "Betting on one good
     		reason: the take the best heuristic"
     5. Jean Czerlinski, Gerd Gigerenzer, and Daniel G.  Goldstein,
     		"How good are simple heuristics?"
     6. Laura Martignon and Ulrich Hoffrage, "Why does one-reason
     		decision making work?: a case study in ecological
		rationality"
     7. J\"org Rieskamp and Ulrich Hoffrage, "When do people use simple
     		heuristics and how can we tell?"
     8. Laura Martignon and Kathryn Blackmond Laskey, "Bayesian
     		benchmarks for fast and frugal heuristics"
     9. Ulrich Hoffrage and Ralph Hertwig, "Hindsight bias: a price
     		worth paying forfast and frugal memory"
    10. Ralph Hertwig,Ulrich Hoffrage, and Laura Martignon, "Quick
    		estimation: letting the environment do the work"
    11. Patricia M. Berretty, Peter M. Todd, and Laura Martignon,
    		"Categorization by elimination:using few clues to
		choose"
    12. Philip W. Blythe, Peter M. Todd, and Geoffrey F.Miller, "How
    		motion reveals intention: categorizing social
		interactions"
    13. Peter M. Todd and Geoffrey F. Miller, "From pride and
    		prejudice to persuasion: satisficing in mate search"
    14. Jennifer Nerissa Davis and Peter M. Todd, "Parental
    		investment by simple decision rules"
    15. Adam S. Goodie, [etal.]..., "Demons versus heuristics in
    		artificial intelligence, behavioural ecology, and
		economics"
    16. Peter M. Todd and Gerd Gigenrenzer, "What we have learned (so
    		far)"
  } ,
  topic = {heuristics;}  
 } 

@article{ gil:1982a,
  author = {David Gil},
  title = {Quantifier Scope, Linguistic Variation and Natural
  	Language Semantics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {421--472},
  topic = {nl-semantics;quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;
  	foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gil:1985a,
  author = {David Gil},
  title = {Universal Quantifiers and Distributivity},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {321--362},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;distributivity-of-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gil:1987a,
  author = {David Gil},
  title = {Definiteness, Noun Phrase Configuationality, and the
		Count-Mass Distinction},
  booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  pages = {254--269},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {(in)definiteness;mass-term-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ gilbert_c:1998a,
  author = {Christopher Gilbert},
  title = {The Role of Thoughts in {W}ittgenstein's Tractatus},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {341--352},
  topic = {early-Wittgenstein;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gilbert_d-etal:1994a,
  author = {David Gilbert and Christopher J. Hogger and Jirm
     		Zlatuska},
  title = {Transforming Specifications of Observable
		Behaviour into Programs},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {88--103},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {software-engineering;logic-program-synthesis;}  
  } 

@book{ gilbert_dt-etal:1998a,
  editor = {Daniel T. Gilbert and Susan T. Fiske and Gardner Lindzey},
  title = {The Handbook of Social Psychology},
  edition = {4},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1998},
  address = {New York},
  contentnote = {TC:
     VOL. 1. MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN FIVE DECADES OF SOCIAL
     	PSYCHOLOGY
     1. Shelley E. Taylor, "The Social Being in Social Psychology"
     2. Elliot Aronson and Timothy D. Wilson and Marilynn B.
     		Brewer, "Experimentation in Social Psychology"
     3. Norbert Schwarz and Robert M. Groves and Howard
     		Schuman, "Survey Methods"
     4. Charles M. Judd and Gary H. McClelland, "Measurement"
     5. David A. Kenny and Deborah A. Kashy and Niall Bolger, "Data
     		Analysis in Social Psychology"
     6. Alice H. Eagly, Shelly Chaiken, "Attitude structure and
     		Function"
     7. Richard E. Petty and Duane T. Wegener, "Attitude Change:
     		Multiple Roles for Persuation Variables"
     8. Eliot R. Smith,  "Gender"
     9. Daniel M. Wegner and John A. Bargh, "Control and
     		Automaticity in Social Life"
    10. Robyn M. Dawes, "Behavioral Decision Making and Judgment"
    11. Thane S. Pittman, "Motivation"
    12. Robert B. Zajonc, "Emotions"
    13. Mark Snyder, Nancy Cantor, "Understanding Personality and
    		Social Behavior: A Functionalist Strategy"
    14. Roy Baumeister, "The Self"
    15. Dianne N. Ruble and Jacqueline J. Goodnow, "Social Development
    		in Childhood and Adulthood"
    16. Kay Deaux, Marianne LaFrance, "Gender"
     VOL. 2. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
     1. Robert M. Krauss and Chi-Yue Chiu, "Language and Social Behavior"
     2. Daniel T. Gilbert, "Ordinary Personality"
     3. Robert B. Cialdini and Melanie R. Trost, "Social Influence:
     		Social Norms, Conformity, and Compliance"
     4. Ellen Bersheid and Harry T. Reis, "Attraction and Close
     		Relationships"
     5. C. Daniel Batson, "Altruism and Prosocial Behavior"
     6. Russell G. Geen, "Aggression and Antisocial Behavior"
     7. Susan T. Fiske, "Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination"
     8. John M. Levine, Richard L. Moreland, "Small Groups"
     9. Dean G. Pruitt, "Social Conflict"
    10. Jennifer Crocker and Brenda Major and Claude Steele, "Social
    		Stigma"
    11. Marilynn B. Brewer and Rupert J. Brown, "Intergroup Relations"
    12. Tom R. Tyler and Heather J. Smith, "Social Justice and Social
    		Movements"
    13. Peter Salovey and Alexander J. Rothman and Judith
    		Rodin, "Health Behavior"
    14. Phoebe C. Ellsworth, Robert Mauro, "Psychology and Law"
    15. Jeffrey Pfeffer, "Understanding Organizations: Concepts
    		and Controversies"
    16. Donald R. Kinder, "Opinion and Action in the
    		Realm of Politics"
    17. Philip E. Tetlock, "Social Psychology and World Politics"
    18. Alan Page Fiske et al., "The Cultural Matrix of Social
    		Psychology"
    19. David M. Buss, Douglas T. Kenrick, "Evolutionary Social
    		Psychology"
  } ,
  ISBN = {0195213769 (cloth)},
  topic = {social-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ gilbert_m:1987a,
  author = {Margaret Gilbert},
  title = {Modelling Collective Belief},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {73},
  pages = {185--204},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {mutual-beliefs;}  
  } 

@book{ gilbert_m:1989a,
  author = {Margaret Gilbert},
  title = {On Social Facts},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1989},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415024447},
  topic = {social-philosophy;convention;foundations-of-sociology;}  
 } 

@article{ gilbert_m:1990a,
  author = {Margaret Gilbert},
  title = {Rationality, Coordination, and Convention},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {84},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--22},
  topic = {convention;rationality;}  
  } 

@book{ gilbert_m:1996a,
  author = {Margaret Gilbert},
  title = {Living Together: Rationality, Sociality, and Obligation},
  publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Lanham, Maryland},
  ISBN = {0847681505 (cloth)},
  topic = {social-philosophy;rationality;}  
 } 

@article{ gilbert_m:1998a,
  author = {Margarit Gilbert},
  title = {Review of {\it Rationality and Coordination}, by
  	{C}ristina {B}iccieri},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1},
  pages = {105--107},
  xref = {Review of biccieri:1993a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-game-theory;game-theoretic-coordination;
  	rationality;}  
  } 

@article{ gilbert_m:1998b,
  author = {Margaret Gilbert},
  title = {Review of {\it One for All: The Logic of Group
  	Conflict}, by {R}ussell {H}ardin},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {1},
  pages = {135--137},
  xref = {Review of hardin:1995a.},
  topic = {group-action;foundations-of-sociology;}  
  } 

@book{ gilbert_m:2000a,
  author = {Margaret Gilbert},
  title = {Sociality and Responsibility: New Essays in Plural Subject
    Theory},
  publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Lanham, Maryland},
  ISBN = {0847697622 (cloth)},
  topic = {social-philosophy;convention;foundations-of-sociology;
  	group-attitudes;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ gilboa:1988a,
  author = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  title = {Information and Meta Information},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {227--243},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {game-theory;mutual-belief;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gilboa-schmeidler:1988b,
  author = {Itzhak Gilboa and David Schmeidler},
  title = {Information-Dependent Games: Can Common Sense Be Common
  	Knowledge?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge (Abstract)},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {397--400},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {game-theory;mutual-belief;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gilboa:1990a,
  author = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  title = {A Note on the Consistency of Game Theory},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {201--208},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;foundations-of-game-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gilboa-schmeidler:1992a,
  author = {Itzhak Gilboa and David Schmeidler},
  title = {Updating Ambiguous Beliefs},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {143--162},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gilboa:1994a,
  author = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  title = {Case-Based Decision Theory and Knowledge Representation},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {175--181},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gilboa-schmeidler:1998a,
  author = {Itzhak Gilboa and David Schmeidler},
  title = {Case-Based Decision: An Extended Abstract},
  booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henri Prade},
  pages = {706--710},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;practical-reasoning;decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ gildea-jurafsky:2002a,
  author = {Daniel Gildea and Daniel Jurafsky},
  title = {Automatic Labeling of Semantic Roles},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {28},
  number = {3},
  pages = {245--288},
  topic = {computational-semantics;machine-learning;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ giles:1980a,
  author = {Robin Giles},
  title = {A Nonclassical Logic for Reasoning with Beliefs},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a highly uncertain guess.},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ giles:1985a,
  author = {Robin Giles},
  title = {A Resolution Logic for Fuzzy Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Symposium
  	on Multiple-Valued Logic},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {60--67},
  missinginfo = {editor, organization, address, publisher},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ giles:1988a,
  author = {Robin Giles},
  title = {A Utility-Valued Logic for Decision-Making},
  journal = {International Journal of Approximate Reasoning},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {113--141},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {utility-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ giles:1990a,
  author = {Robin Giles},
  title = {Introduction to a Logic of Assertions},
  booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson},
  pages = {361--385},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {utility-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gillies_as:1999a,
  author = {Anthony S. Gillies},
  title = {The Epistemics of Presupposition},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {25--30},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {presupposition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gillies_d:1998a,
  author = {Donald Gillies},
  title = {Confirmation Theory},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 1:  Quantified Representation
		of Uncertainty and Imprecision},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {135--167},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {confirmation-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ gillogly:1972a,
  author = {James J.  Gillogly},
  title = {The Technology Chess Program},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {145--163},
  topic = {game-playing;}  
  } 

@article{ gillon:1987a,
  author = {Brendon S. Gillon},
  title = {The Readings of Plural Noun Phrases in {E}nglish},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--219},
  topic = {nl-semantics;ambiguity;plural;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gillon:1990a,
  author = {Brendon S. Gillon},
  title = {Bare Plurals as Plural Indefinite Noun Phrases},
  booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Henry {Kyburg, Jr.} and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson},
  pages = {119--166},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {Takes bare plurals to quantifier phrases.  Defends
                  view against Carlson's arguments. --Delia Graff.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;generics;}  
  } 

@article{ gillon:1990b,
  author = {Brendan S. Gillon},
  title = {Plural Noun Phrases and Their Readings: a Reply to
  	{L}asersohn},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {477--485},
  xref = {Commentary on lasersohn:1989a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;}  
  } 

@article{ gillon:1990c,
  author = {Brendon S. Gillon},
  title = {Ambiguity, Generality, and Indeterminacy: Tests and
  	Definitions},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {85},
  number = {3},
  pages = {391--416},
  topic = {ambiguity;}  
  } 

@article{ gillon:1992a,
  author = {Brendan S. Gillon},
  title = {Towards a Common Semantics for {E}nglish Count and Mass Nouns},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  number = {6},
  pages = {537--639},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;mass-terms;}  
  } 

@article{ gilmore:1970a,
  author = {P.C. Gilmore},
  title = {An Examination of the Geometry Theorem Machine},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {171--187},
  topic = {theorem-proving;computer-assisted-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ gilmore_pc:2001a,
  author = {Paul C. Gilmore},
  title = {An Intensional Type Theory: Motivation and Cut-Elimination},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {383--400},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;nominalism;}  
  } 

@article{ ginet:1962a,
  author = {Carl Ginet},
  title = {Can the Will Be Caused?},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {71},
  pages = {49--92},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {freedom;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ ginet:1979a,
  author = {Carl Ginet},
  title = {Performativity},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {245--265},
  topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ginet:1989a,
  author = {Carl Ginet},
  title = {Reasons Explanation of Action: An
		Incompatibilist Account},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {17--46},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {reasons-for-action;desires;}  
  } 

@article{ ginet:1998a,
  author = {Carl Ginet},
  title = {Review of {\em {T}he Significance of Free Will}, by
  	{R}obert {K}ane},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {2},
  pages = {312--315},
  xref = {Review of kane:1996a.},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ginet:2000a,
  author = {Carl Ginet},
  title = {The Epistemic Requirements for Moral
    		Responsibility},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {279--300},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {blameworthiness;}  
  } 

@article{ ginsberg_a-etal:1988a,
  author = {Allen Ginsberg and Sholom M. Weiss and Peter Politakis},
  title = {Automatic Knowledge Base Refinement for Classification Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {2},
  pages = {197--226},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     An automated approach to knowledge base refinement, an important
     aspect of knowledge acquisition is described.  Using empirical
     performance analysis, SEEK2 extends the capabilities of its
     predecessor rule refinement system, SEEK [17].  In this paper,
     the progress made since the original SEEK program is described:
     (a) SEEK2 works with a more general class of knowledge bases
     than SEEK, (b) SEEK2 has an automatic refinement capability, it
     can perform many of the basic tasks involved in knowledge base
     refinement without human interaction, (c) a metalanguage for
     knowledge base refinement has been specified which describes
     knowledge about the refinement process.  Methods for estimating
     the expected gain in performance for a refined knowledge base
     and prospective test cases are described and some results are
     reported.  An approach to justifying refinement heuristics is
     discussed.},
  topic = {knowledge-acquisition;}  
  } 

@techreport{ ginsberg_ml:1984a,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {Analyzing Incomplete Information},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, Stanford University},
  number = {Hpp 84--17},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Palo Alto, California},
  topic = {probability-semantics;conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ginsberg_ml:1985a,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsburg},
  title = {Counterfactuals},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi},
  pages = {80--86},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  contentnote = {Attempts to define a selection function for a
  	circuits domain.},
  xref = {Journal Publication: ginsberg:1986c.},
  topic = {kr;conditionals;kr-course;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ ginsberg_ml:1986a1,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {Multi-Valued Logics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  pages = {243--247},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication: ginsberg_ml:1986a2.},
  topic = {bilattices;multi-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ginsberg_ml:1986a2,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {Multi-Valued Logics},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {251--255},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: ginsberg_ml:1986a1.},
  topic = {bilattices;multi-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ginsberg_ml:1986b,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {Possible Worlds Planning},
  booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky},
  pages = {213--243},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;action-formalisms;qualification-problem;}  
  } 

@article{ ginsberg_ml:1986c,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {Counterfactuals},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {30},
  number = {1},
  pages = {35--79},
  topic = {kr;conditionals;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ ginsberg_ml:1987a,
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  note = {(Out of print.)},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Matthew L. Ginsberg, "Introduction", pp. 1--23
     2. John McCarthy and Patrick J. Hayes, "Some Philosophical
         Problems from the Standpoint of Artificial
         Intelligence", pp. 26--45
     3. John McCarthy, "Epistemological Problems of Artificial
         Intelligence", pp. 46--55
     4. David J. Israel, "What's Wrong with Nonmonotonic
         Logic?", pp. 53--55
     5. Donald Perlis, "On the Consistency of Commonsense
         Reasoning", pp. 56--66
     6. Raymond Reiter, "A Logic for Default Reasoning", pp. 68--93
     7. Raymond Reiter and Giovanni Criscuolo, "On Interacting
         Defaults", pp. 94--100
     8. David Etherington and Raymond Reiter, "On Inheritance
         Hierarchies with Exceptions", pp. 101--105
     9. David S. Touretzky, "Implicit Ordering of Defaults in
         Inheritance Systems", pp. 106--109
    10. Drew McDermott and Jon Doyle, "Non-Monotonic Logic
         {I}", pp. 111--126
    11. Robert C. Moore, "Semantical Considerations on Nonmonotonic
         Logic", pp. 127--136
    12. Robert Moore, "Possible Worlds Semantics for Autoepistemic
         Logic", pp. 137--142
    13. John McCarthy, "Circumscription---a Form of Non-Monotonic
         Reasoning", pp. 145--152
    14. John McCarthy, "Applications of Circumscription to
         Formalizing Common-Sense Knowledge", pp. 153--166
    15. Vladimir Lifschitz, "Computing Circumscription", pp. 167--173
    16. David W. Etherington and Robert Mercer and and Raymond
  	Reiter, "On the Adequacy or Predicate Circumscription for
  	Closed-World Reasoning", pp. 174--178
    17. Vladimir Lifschitz, "Pointwise circumscription", pp. 179--193
    18. Kurt Konolige, "On the Relation Between Default and
         Autoepistemic Logic", pp. 195--226
    19. Yoav Shoham, "A Semantical Approach to Nonmonotonic
         Logics", pp. 227--250
    20. Matthew L. Ginsberg, "Multi-Valued Logics", pp. 251--255
    21. Jon Doyle, "A Truth Maintenance System", pp. 259--279
    22. Johan de Kleer, "An Assumption-Based {TMS}", pp. 280--297
    23. Raymond Reiter, "On Closed World Data Bases", pp. 300--310
    24. Keith L. Clark, "Negation as Failure", pp. 311--325
    25. Jack Minker, "On Indefinite Databases and the Closed World
         Assumption", pp. 326--333
    26. Vladimir Lifschitz, "Closed-World Databases and
         Circumscription", pp. 334--336
    27. Vladimir Lifschits, "On the Declarative Semantics of Logic
         Programs with Negation", pp. 337--350
    28. Raymond Reiter, "A Theory of Diagnosis from First
         Principles", pp. 352--371
    29. Johan de Kleer and Brian C. Williams, "Diagnosing Multiple
         Faults", pp. 372--388
    30. Steven Hanks and Drew McDermott, "Default Reasoning,
         Nonmonotonic Logics and the Frame Problem", pp. 390--395
    31. Yoav Shoham, "Chronological Ignorance: An Experiment in
        Nonmonotonic Temporal Reasoning", pp. 396--409
    32. Vladimir Lifschitz, "Formal Theories of Action", pp. 410--432
    33. Matthew L. Ginsberg and David E.  Smith, "Reasoning about
         Action {I}: A Possible Worlds Approach", pp. 433--463
    34. Donald Perlis, "A Bibliography of Literature on Non-Monotonic
         Reasoning", pp. 466--477
  } ,
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ginsberg_ml:1987b,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {1--23},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning-survey;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ginsberg_ml-smith:1987a,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg and David E.  Smith},
  title = {Reasoning about Action {I}:  the Qualification Problem},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1987 Workshop on the Frame Problem in
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  location = {Lawrence, Kansas},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Frank M. Brown},
  xref = {Revised version in Artificial Intelligence: 
  	ginsberg_ml-smith:1988a.},
  topic = {qualification-problem;action;foundations-of-planning;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ ginsberg_ml-smith_de:1987b1,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg and David E. Smith},
  title = {Reasoning about Action {II}: The Qualification Problem},
  booktitle = {The Frame Problem in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings
  	of the 1987 Workshop},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Frank M. Brown},
  pages = {259--287},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Reprinted: ginsberg_ml-smith_de:1987b2.},
  topic = {kr;frame-problem;qualification-problem;
  	Yale-shooting-problem;}  
  } 

@article{ ginsberg_ml-smith_de:1987b2,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg and David E. Smith},
  title = {Reasoning about Action {II}: The Qualification Problem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {3},
  pages = {311--342},
  xref = {Journal publication of: ginsberg_ml-smith:1987b1.},
  topic = {kr;frame-problem;qualification-problem;
  	Yale-shooting-problem;}  
  } 

@article{ ginsberg_ml:1988a,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {Multivalued Logics: A Uniform Approach to Reasoning in Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {265--316},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;
        multi-valued-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ ginsberg_ml-smith:1988a1,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg and David E.  Smith},
  title = {Reasoning about Action {I}:  A Possible Worlds Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {35},
  number = {2},
  pages = {165--195},
  year = {1988},
  xref = {Revision of ginsberg_ml-smith:1987a.},
  xref = {Republication: ginsberg_ml-smith:1988a2.},
  topic = {qualification-problem;action;foundations-of-planning;}  
} 

@incollection{ ginsberg_ml-smith_de:1988a2,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg and David E.  Smith},
  title = {Reasoning about Action {I}: A Possible Worlds Approach},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {433--463},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: ginsberg_ml-smith:1988a1.},
  topic = {qualification-problem;action;foundations-of-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ ginsberg_ml:1989c,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {A Circumscriptive Theorem Prover},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {39},
  number = {2},
  pages = {209--230},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;circumscription;
  	theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ginsberg_ml:1990a,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {A Local Formalization of Inheritance},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1990 Non-Monotonic Reasoning Workshop},
  year = {1990},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  missinginfo = {Get exact info on this conference},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ ginsberg_ml:1990b,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {Bilattices and Modal Operators},
  journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation},
  year = {1990},
  missinginfo = {number,volume,pages},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;multi-valued-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ginsberg_ml:1991a,
 author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
 title = {The Computational Value of Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on
		Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
 year = {1991},
 editor = {James Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
 pages = {262--268},
 publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
 address = {San Mateo, California},
 topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ginsberg_ml:1991b,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {Computational Considerations in Reasoning about Action},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {250--261},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;planning-algorithms;foundations-of-planning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ ginsberg_ml:1992a,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {Multivalued Logics: A Uniform Approach to Inference
  	in Artificial Intelligence},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {256--316},
  topic = {bilattices;multi-valued-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ginsberg_ml-holbrook:1992a,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg and Hugh Holbrook},
  title = {What Defaults Can Do that Hierarchies Can't},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Nonmonotonic
  	Reasoning},
  year = {1992},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  missinginfo = {Check on all info on this publication.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;hierarchical-planning;}  
  } 

@book{ ginsberg_ml:1993a,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {Essentials of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {AI-intro;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ginsberg_ml:1994a,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {{AI} and Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence
   	         and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic
		 Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson},
  pages = {1--33},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ginsberg_ml-mcallester:1994a,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg and Davis A. McAllester},
  title = {{GSAT} and Efficient Backtracking},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {226--227},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;search;complexity-in-AI;backtracking;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ ginsberg_ml:1995a,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {Approximate Planning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {89--123},
  contentnote = {Formalizes idea of plan that is expected -- not
  	guaranteed -- to achieve its goal. Argues that this more relaxed
	sort of plan is needed in planning.},
  topic = {planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ginsberg_ml:1996a,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {A New Algorithm for Generative Planning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {186--197},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;kr;planning-algorithms;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ginsberg_ml:1996b,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {Do Computers Need Common Sense?},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {620--626},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-AI;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ginsberg_ml:1996c,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {Partition Search},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {228--233},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {search;game-playing;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ginsberg_ml-parker:2000a,
  author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg and Andrew J. Parker},
  title = {Satisfiability Algorithms and Finite Quantification},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {690--701},
  topic = {planning;search;model-construction;}  
  } 

@techreport{ ginsburg_s-partee:1968a,
  author = {Seymour Ginsburg and Barbara Partee},
  title = {A Mathematical Model of Transformational Grammars},
  institution = {System Development Corporation},
  number = {TM--738--048--00},
  year = {1968},
  address = {Santa Monica},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ ginzburg:1992a,
  author = {Jonathan Ginzburg},
  title = {Questions, Queries, and Facts: A Semantics and
  	Pragmatics for Interrogatives},
  school = {Stanford University},
  year = {1992},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Stanford},
  topic = {interrogatives;facts;}  
 } 

@article{ ginzburg:1995a,
  author = {Jonathan Ginzburg},
  title = {Resolving Questions {I}},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {459--527},
  number = {5},
  topic = {interrogatives;situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ ginzburg:1995b,
  author = {Jonathan Ginzburg},
  title = {Resolving Questions {II}},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {6},
  pages = {567--609},
  topic = {interrogatives;situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ ginzburg:1996a,
  author = {Jonathan Ginzburg},
  title = {Questions, Queries, and Facts},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {interrogatives;facts;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ginzburg:1996b,
  author = {Jonathan Ginzburg},
  title = {Interrogatives: Questions, Facts, and Dialogue},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {385--422},
  topic = {nl-semantcs;interrogatives;dialogue-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ginzburg-sag:1999a,
  author = {Jonathan Ginzburg and Ivan Sag},
  title = {Constructional Ambiguity in Conversation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {31--36},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {intonation;pragmatics;ambiguity;HPSG;}  
  } 

@article{ giora:1995a,
  author = {R. Giora},
  title = {On Irony and Negation},
  journal = {Discourse Processes},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {239--264},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {irony;negation;}  
  } 

@article{ giordano-martelli:1994a,
  author = {Laura Giordano and Alberto Martelli},
  title = {On Cumulative Default Logics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {161--179},
  topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ giordano-etal:1998a,
  author = {Laura Giordano and Alberto Martelli and Camilla B. Schwind},
  title = {Dealing with Concurrent Actions in Modal Action Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth {E}uropean Conference on
  	{A}rtificial {I}ntelligence},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {537--541},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor, publisher, address},
  topic = {concurrence;action-formalisms;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ giordano-etal:2002a,
  author = {Laura Giordano and Valentina Gliozzi and Nicola Olivetti},
  title = {Iterated Belief Revision and Conditional Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {23--47},
  topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;CCCP;} 
  } 

@book{ gipper:1987a,
  author = {Helmut Gipper},
  title = {Das {S}prachapriori: {S}prache als {V}oraussetzung Menschlichen
	{D}enkens und {E}rkennens},
  publisher = {Frommann-Holzboog},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Stuttgart},
  ISBN = {3772809340},
  topic = {a-priori;}  
 } 

@book{ girard:1989a,
  author = {Jean-Yves Girard},
  title = {Proofs and Types},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521371813},
  note = {Translated and with appendices by {P}aul {T}aylor and
  	{Y}ves {L}afont.},
  topic = {proof-theory;type-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ giraudet-rounes:1999a,
  author = {Guillaume Giraudet and Corinne Rounes},
  title = {Independence from Context Information Provided by Spatial
  	Signature Learning in a Natural Object Identification Task},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {173--185},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ girle:1971a,
  author = {Roderic A. Girle},
  title = {Quantification into Epistemic Contexts},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {17},
  number = {65--66},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@article{ girle:2002a,
  author = {Roderic A. Girle},
  title = {Review of {\it First Order Modal Logic}, 
  	by {M}elvin {F}itting and {R}ichard {L}. {M}endelsohn},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {429--431},
  xref = {Review of: } ,
  topic = {modal-logic;} 
  } 

@incollection{ giuliani:1998a,
  author = {Diego Giuliani and Daniele Falavigna and Renato de
		Mori},
  title = {Parameter Transformation},
  booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Renato de Mori},
  pages = {123--139},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {speech-recognition;feature-selection;feature-extraction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ giuliani-demori:1998a,
  author = {Diego Giuliani and Renato de Mori},
  title = {Speaker Adaptation},
  booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Renato de Mori},
  pages = {363--403},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {acoustic-model-adaptation;speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ giunchiglia_e-lifschitz:1995a,
  author = {Enrico Giunchiglia and Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Dependent Fluents},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1964--1969},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {planning-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ giunchiglia_e:1996a,
  author = {Enrico Giunchiglia},
  title = {Determining Ramifications in the Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {76--88},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;action-formalisms;ramification-problem;situation-calculus;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ giunchiglia_e-etal:1997a,
  author = {Enrico Giunchiglia and G. Neelakantan Kartha and Vladimir
  	Lifschitz},
  title = {Representing Action: Indeterminacy and Ramifications},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {95},
  number = {2},
  pages = {409--438},
  topic = {action-formalisms;ramification-problem;nondeterministic-action;}  
  } 

@incollection{ giunchiglia_e-etal:1998a,
  author = {Enrico Giunchiglia and Fausto Giunchiglia and
		Roberto Sebastiani and Armando Tacchella},
  title = {More Evaluation of Decision Procedures for Modal
		Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {626--635},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;theorem-proving;modal-logic;
  	experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ giunchiglia_e-lifschitz:1998a,
  author = {Enrico Giunchiglia and Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {An Action Language Based on Causal Explanation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan},
  pages = {623--628},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {causality;explanation;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ giunchiglia_e-lifschitz:1999a,
  author = {Enrico Giunchiglia and Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Action Languages, Temporal Action Logics and
		the Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
	Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Michael Thielscher},
  pages = {33--40},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {action-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ giunchiglia_e:2000a,
  author = {Enrico Giunchiglia},
  title = {Planning as Satisfiability with Expressive Action
  	Languages: Concurrency, Constraints, and Nondeterminism},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {657--666},
  topic = {planning-formalisms;concurrency;model-construction;}  
  } 

@techreport{ giunchiglia_f:1991a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia},
  title = {Contextual Reasoning},
  institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica},
  number = {9211--20},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Trento, Italy},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@techreport{ giunchiglia_f-serafini:1991a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Luciano Serafini},
  title = {Multilanguage Hierarchical Logics},
  institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica (IRST)},
  number = {9110--07},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Trento, Italy},
  topic = {context;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@techreport{ giunchiglia_f-weyhrauch:1991a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Richard Weyhrauch},
  title = {A Multi-Context Monotonic Axiomatization of Inessential
  	Nonmonotonicity},
  institution = {Dipartimento Informatica Sistematica Telematica,
  	Universit\`a di Genova, Facult\`a di Ingegneria},
  number = {MRG/DIST 9105--02},
  month = {May},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Trento, Italy},
  topic = {context;non-monotonic-reasoning;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@techreport{ giunchiglia_f:1992a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia},
  title = {Contextual Reasoning},
  institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica},
  number = {9211--20},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Trento, Italy},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@techreport{ giunchiglia_f-etal:1992a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Enrico Giunchiglia and Tom Costello and
  	Paolo Bouquet},
  title = {Dealing With Expected and Unexpected Obstacles},
  institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica},
  number = {9211--06},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Trento, Italy},
  topic = {plan-maintenance;}  
  } 

@techreport{ giunchiglia_f-etal:1992b1,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Luciano Serafini and Enrico
  	Giunchiglia and Marcello Frixione},
  title = {Non-Omniscient Belief as Context-Based Reasoning},
  institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica},
  number = {9206--03},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Trento, Italy},
  xref = {Conference publication IJCAI93: giunchiglia_f-etal:1993b2.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;context;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ giunchiglia_f-walsh:1992a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Toby Walsh},
  title = {A Theory of Abstraction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {57},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {323--389},
  topic = {abstraction;context;}  
 } 

@article{ giunchiglia_f:1993a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia},
  title = {Contextual Reasoning},
  journal = {Epistemologica},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {345--364},
  note = {Also IRST-Technical Report 9211-20, IRST, Trento, Italy},
  topic = {context;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ giunchiglia_f-etal:1993a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Luciano Serafini and Enrico
  	Giunchiglia and Marcello Frixione},
  title = {Non-Omniscient Belief as Context-Based Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {548--553},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {giunchiglia_f-etal:1992b1.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;context;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ giunchiglia_f-etal:1993b2,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Luciano Serafini and Enrico
  	Giunchiglia and Marcello Frixione},
  title = {Non-Omniscient Belief as Context-Based Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {548--554},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Techreport: giunchiglia_f-etal:1993b1.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;context;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@techreport{ giunchiglia_f-serafini:1993a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Luciano Serafini},
  title = {On the Proof Theory of Hierarchical Meta-Logics},
  institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica (IRST)},
  number = {9301--07},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Trento, Italy},
  topic = {metareasoning;}  
  } 

@techreport{ giunchiglia_f:1994a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia},
  title = {Planning With Failure},
  institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica},
  number = {9401--02},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Trento, Italy},
  contentnote = {Review of J. Mccarthy's collected papers.},
  topic = {planning;execution-monitoring;}  
  } 

@techreport{ giunchiglia_f:1994b,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia},
  title = {Reasoning about Theory Adequacy: A New Solution to the
  	Qualification Problem},
  institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica},
  number = {9406--13},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Trento, Italy},
  topic = {qualification-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ giunchiglia_f-cimatti:1994a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Alessandro Cimatti},
  title = {Introspective Metatheoretic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {425--439},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {metareasoning;metaprogramming;}  
  } 

@article{ giunchiglia_f-serafini:1994a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Luciano Serafini},
  title = {Multilanguage Hierarchical Logics, or: How to Do without
  	Modal Logics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {65},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--70},
  note = {Also IRST-Technical Report 9110-07, IRST, Trento, Italy},
  topic = {kr;context;propositional-attitudes;kr-course;}  
  } 

@techreport{ giunchiglia_f:1995a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia},
  title = {An Epistemological Science of Commonsense},
  institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica},
  number = {9503--09},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Trento, Italy},
  xref = {Also in AIJ.},
  note = {Review of {\it {F}ormalizing Common Sense: Papers by
  	{J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}.},
  topic = {common-sense-logicism;}  
  } 

@article{ giunchiglia_f:1995b,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia},
  title = {Review of {\it {F}ormalizing Common Sense: Papers by
  	{J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {77},
  number = {2},
  pages = {371--392},
  topic = {J-McCarthy;}  
  } 

@article{ giunchiglia_f-etal:1996a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Enrico Giunchiglia and Tom
  	Costello and Paolo Bouquet},
  title = {{D}ealing with Expected and Unexpected Obstacles},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  volume = {8},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Also IRST-Technical Report 9211-06, IRST, Trento, Italy},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ giunchiglia_f-sebastiani:1996a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Roberto Sebastiani},
  title = {A {SAT}-Based Decision Procedure for {ALC}},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {304--314},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;theorem-proving;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ giunchiglia_f-traverso:1996a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Paolo Traverso},
  title = {A Metatheory of Mechanized Object Theory},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {80},
  number = {2},
  pages = {197--241},
  topic = {metareasoning;automatic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ giunchiglia_f-bouquet:1997a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Paolo Bouquet},
  title = {{I}ntroduction to Contextual Reasoning. {A}n
         {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence Perspective},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {NBU Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {B.~Kokinov},
  volume = {3},
  address = {Sofia},
  note = {Lecture Notes of a course on {``Contextual Reasoning''} of the
        European Summer School on Cognitive Science, Sofia, 1996},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ giunchiglia_f-ghidini:1997a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Chiara Ghidini},
  title = {Local Models Semantics},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {58--64},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ giunchiglia_f-ghidini:1998a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Chiara Ghidini},
  title = {Local Models Semantics, or Contextual Reasoning $=$
		Locality$\,+\,$Compatibility},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {282--289},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  xref = {Also IRST-Technical Report 9701-07, IRST, Trento, Italy},
  xref = {Journal Publication: ghidini-giunchiglia:2001a.},
  topic = {kr;context;epistemic-logic;propositional-attitudes;
		reasoning-about-knowledge;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ giunchiglia_f-spalazzi:1999a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Luca Spalazzi},
  title = {Review of {\em {I}ntelligent Planning: A Decomposition
  	and Abstraction Based Approach to Classical Planning}, by
	{Q}iang {Y}ang},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {111},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {329--338},
  xref = {Review of yang_q:1997a.},
  topic = {planning;foundations-of-planning;situation-calculus;}  
  } 

@incollection{ giunchiglia_f-ghidini:2000a,
  author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Chiara Ghidini},
  title = {A Local Models Semantics for Propositional Attitudes},
  booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum},
  pages = {161--174},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {context;hyperintensionality;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ giuntini:1991a,
  author = {Roberto Giuntini},
  title = {A Semantical Investigation on {B}rouer-{Z}adeh Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {411--433},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ givan-mcallester:1992a,
  author = {Robert Givan and David McAllester},
  title = {New Results on Local Inference Relations},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {403--412},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;theorem-proving;tractable-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ givan-etal:2000a,
  author = {Robert Givan and Sonia Leach and Thomas Dean},
  title = {Bounded-Parameter {M}arkov Decision Processes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {122},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {71--109},
  topic = {Markov-decision-processes;}  
  } 

@article{ givant-andreka:2002a,
  author = {Steven Givant and Hajnal Andr\'eka},
  title = {Groups and Algebras of Binary Relations},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {38--64},
  topic = {relation-algebras;} 
  } 

@book{ givon:1979a,
  editor = {T. Giv\'on},
  title = {Syntax and Semantics 12: Discourse and Syntax},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ givon:1989a,
  author = {T. Giv\'on},
  title = {Mind, Code, and Context},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  topic = {pragmatics;context;}  
 } 

@article{ gjelsvik:1991a,
  author = {Olav Gjelsvik},
  title = {Dretske on Knowledge and Content},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {86},
  number = {3},
  pages = {425--441},
  topic = {agent-attitudes;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@book{ gladney:1983a,
  author = {Frank Y. Gladney},
  title = {Handbook of {P}olish},
  publisher = {G\&G Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Urbana},
  ISBN = {0961219602.},
  topic = {Polish-language;reference-grammars;}  
 } 

@article{ glaister:2000a,
  author = {Stephen Murray Glaister},
  title = {Recovery Recovered},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {2},
  pages = {171--206},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ glannon:1995a,
  author = {Walter Glannon},
  title = {Responsibility and the Principle of Possible Action},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {92},
  number = {5},
  pages = {261--274},
  topic = {freedom;}  
  } 

@article{ glanzberg:2000a,
  author = {Michael Glanzberg},
  title = {Review of {\it The Taming of the True}, by {N}eil {T}ennant},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {109},
  number = {2},
  pages = {290--292},
  xref = {Review of tennant_n:1997a.},
  topic = {realism;}  
  } 

@article{ glanzberg:2001a,
  author = {Michael Glanzberg},
  title = {Supervenience and Infinitary Logic},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {35},
  number = {3},
  pages = {419--439},
  topic = {supervenience;infinitary-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ glasbey:1996a,
  author = {Sheila Glasbey},
  title = {The Progressive: A Channel-Theoretic Analysis},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {331--361},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {tense-aspect;progressive;}  
  } 

@book{ glasgow-etal:1995a,
  editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  title = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  contentnote = {TC:
     0. B. Chandrasekaran, Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan,
			"Introduction"
     0'. Aaron Sloman, "Introduction (To Part {I}: Theoretical
			Foundations")
     1. Aaron Sloman, "Musings on the Roles of Logical and
			Non-Logical Representations in Intelligence"
     2. Brian Funt, "Problem Solving with Diagrammatic Representations"
     3. Jill Larkin and Herbert Simon, "Why a Diagram Is (Sometimes)
			Worth 10000 Words"
     4. Robert Lindsay, "Imagery and Inference"
     5. Nancy Nercessian, "How Do Scientists Think?  Capturing the
			Dynamics of COncedptual Change in Science"
     6. Kenneth Forbus, "Qualitative Spatial Reasoning: Framework
			and Frontiers"
    0'. Patrick Hayes, "Introduction (To Part {II}: Theoretical
			Foundations)"
     7. Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy, "Heterogeneous Logic"
     8. David Harel, "On Visual Formalisms"
     9. Karen Myers and Kurt Konolige, "Reasoning with Analogical
			Representations"
    10. Keith Stenning and Robert Inder and Irene Nelson,
			"Applying Semantic Concepts to Analyzing Media and
			Modalities"
    11. Dejuan Wang and John Lee and Henk Zeevat, "Reasoning
			with Diagrammatic Representations"
   0''. David Waltz, "Introduction (To Part {III}: Cognitive and
			Computational Models"
    12. Yulin Qin and Herbert Simon, "Imagery and Mental
			Models in Problem Solving"
    13. Janice Glasgow and Dmitri Papadias, "Computational
			Imagery"
    14. Erika Rogers, "Visual Interaction:  A Link between
			Perception and Problem Solving"
    15. N. Hari Narayanan and Masaki Suwa and Hiroshi Motoda,
			"Behavior Hypothesis from Schematic Diagrams"
    16. Mary Hegarty, "Mental Animation: Inferring Motion from
			Static Displays of Mechanical Systems"
    17. Kenenth Koedinger and John Anderson, "Abstract Planning
			and Perceptual Chunks: Elements of Expertise in
			Geometry"
    18. Christopher Habel and Simone Pribbenow and Geoffrey Simmons,
			"Partonomies and Depictions: A Hybrid Approach"
  0'''. Yumi Iwasaka, "Introduction (To Part {IV}: Problem Solving
			with Diagrams)"
    19. Francesco Gardin and Bernard Meltzer, "Analogical
			Representations of Naive Physics"
    20. Timothy McDougal, "A Model of Interaction with Geometry
			Diagrams"
    21. Shirley Tessler and Yumi Iwasaki and Kincho Law,
			"Qualitative Structural Analysis Using Diagrammatic
			Reasoning"
    22. Jo DeKuyper and Didier Keymeulen and Luc Steels, "A
			Hybrid Architecture for Modeling Liquid Behavior"
    23. Gordon Novak, "Diagrams for Solving Physical Problems"
	},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;
  	cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ gleitman:1990a,
  author = {Lila Gleitman},
  title = {The Structural Sources of Verb Meanings},
  journal = {Language Acquisition},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--55},
  topic = {L1-acquisition;semantics-acquisition;}  
  } 

@book{ gleitman-landau:1994a,
  author = {Leila Gleitman and Barbara Landau},
  title = {The Acquisition of the Lexicon},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {word-acquisition;L1-acquisition;}  
 } 

@book{ gleitman-liberman:1995a,
  editor = {Lila R. Gleitman and Mark Liberman},
  title = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science, Vol. 1,
  	2nd ed.},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {linguistics-general;}  
  } 

@article{ glennan:1997a,
  author = {Stuart S. Glennan},
  title = {Probable Causes and the Distinction between Subjective
	and Objective Chance},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {31},
  number = {4},
  pages = {496--519},
  topic = {causality;chance;foundations-of-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ glennan:2002a,
  author = {Stuart Glennan},
  title = {Contextual Unanimity and the Units of Selection Problem},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1},
  pages = {118--},
  topic = {philosophy-of-biology;evolution;} 
  } 

@book{ glinz:1973a,
  author = {Hans Glinz},
  title = {Textanalyse und Verstehenstheorie},
  publisher = {Athen\"aum},
  year = {1973},
  address = {Frankfurt},
  ISBN = {046503425X},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
 } 

@incollection{ glouberman:1976a,
  author = {M. Glouberman},
  title = {Prime Matter, Predication, and the Semantics of
  		Feature-Placing},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {75--104},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {predication;Aristotle;}  
  } 

@book{ gluck-rumelhart:1990a,
  editor = {Mark A. Gluck and David E. Rumelhart},
  title = {Neuroscience and Connectionist Theory},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0805805044},
  topic = {connectionism;neurocognition;}  
 } 

@article{ glymour:1985a,
  author = {Clark Glymour},
  title = {Independence Assumptions and {B}ayesian Updating},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--99},
  topic = {probabilistivc-reasoning;Bayesian-reasoning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ glymour-etal:1985a,
  author = {Clark Glymour and Richard Sheines and Peter Spirtes},
  title = {Discovering Causal Structure: Text and User's Manual for
		{\sc tetrad}},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, Carnegie-Mellon
		University},
  topic = {causality;induction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ glymour:1987a,
  author = {Clark Glymour},
  title = {Android Epistemology and the Frame Problem:
         Comments on {D}ennett's `Cognitive Wheels'\, } ,
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem
    		 in Artificial Intelligence},
  editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {65--75},
  topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;}  
    } 

@techreport{ glymour-etal:1987a,
  author = {Clark Glymour and Kevin Kelly and Peter Spirtes},
  title = {The Expected Complexity of Problem Solving is Less
  	Than 2},
  institution = {Laboratory for Computational Linguistics, Carnegie
  	Mellon University},
  number = {CMU--LCL--87--6},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Pittsburgh},
  topic = {complexity-theory;problem-solving;}  
  } 

@incollection{ glymour:1988a,
  author = {Clark Glymour},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence for Statistical and Causal Modelling},
  booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics,
  	Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms},
  pages = {223--247},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {causality;statistical-explanation;statistical-inference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ glymour-etal:1991a,
  author = {Clark Glymour and Kevin Kelley and Peter Spirtes},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and Hard Problems: The Expected
  		Complexity of Problem Solving},
  booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock},
  pages = {105--128},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;expected-complexity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ glymour:1996a,
  author = {Clark Glymour},
  title = {The Adventures among the Asteroids of
         {A}ngela {A}ndroid, Series 8400XF with an Afterword
         on Planning, Prediction, Learning, the Frame Problem,
         and a Few Other Subjects},
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem
             in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn},
  pages = {25--34},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ glymour:1999a,
  author = {Clark Glymour},
  title = {A Mind is a Terrible Thing to Waste---Critical
  	Notice: Jaegwon Kim, {\it Mind in a Physical World: An
	Essay on the Mind-Body Problem and Mental Causation}},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {66},
  number = {3},
  pages = {455--471},
  xref = {Review of kim_jw:1998a.},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gmystrasiewicz:1995a,
  author = {Piotr Gmystrasiewicz},
  title = {On Rational Reasoning about Other Agents},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Michael Fehling},
  pages = {68--74},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {distributed-AI;interpersonal-reasoning;game-theory;
  	decision-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gmytrasiewicz-etal:1991a,
  author = {Piotr J. Gmytrasiewicz and Edmund H. Durfee and David K.
  	Wehe},
  title = {The Utility of Communication in Coordinating Intelligent
  	Agents},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown},
  pages = {166--172},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;coord-in-conversation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gmytrasiewicz-durfee:1993a,
  author = {Piotr J. Gmytrasiewicz and Edmund H. Durfee},
  title = {Towards a Theory of Honesty and Trust among Communicating
  	Autonomous Agents},
  year = {1993},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, AI Laboratory, University of
  	Michigan.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {multiagent-systems;communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gmytrasiewicz-durfee:1993b,
  author = {Piotr J. Gmytrasiewicz and Edmund H. Durfee},
  title = {Elements of a Utilitarian Theory of Knowledge and Action},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {396--402},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  missinginfo = {Oops -- I didn't copy last page.},
  topic = {agent-modeling;decision-theory;branching-time;}  
  } 

@incollection{ goad:1991a,
  author = {Chris Goad},
  title = {Metaprogramming at Work in Automated Manufacturing},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {109--128},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {metaprogramming;}  
  } 

@article{ goble:1990a,
  author = {Lou Goble},
  title = {A Logic of `Good', `Should', and `Would', Part {I}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {169--199},
  topic = {deontic-logic;qualitative-utility;practical-reasoning;
  	evaluative-terms;}  
  } 

@article{ goble:1990b,
  author = {Lou Goble},
  title = {A Logic of `Good', `Should', and `Would', Part {II}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {252--276},
  topic = {deontic-logic;qualitative-utility;practical-reasoning;
  	evaluative-terms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ goble:1998a,
  author = {Lou Goble},
  title = {Deontic Logic with Relevance},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  pages = {331--346},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {deontic-logic;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ goble:2000a,
  author = {Lou Goble},
  title = {An Incomplete Relevant Modal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  pages = {103--119},
  topic = {relevance-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gochet:1975a,
  author = {Paul Gochet},
  title = {A New Argument to Support {Q}uine's Inteterminacy Thesis},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {indeterminacy-of-translation;}  
  } 

@article{ goddard_c:1998a,
  author = {Cliff Goddard},
  title = {Bad Arguments against Semantic Primitives},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2/3},
  pages = {129--156},
  topic = {semantic-primitives;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ goddard_n:1993a,
  author = {Nigel H. Goddard},
  title = {Review of {\it The Perception of Multiple Objects: A
  	Connectionist Approach}, by {M}ichael {C}. {M}ozer},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {62},
  number = {1},
  pages = {165--177},
  xref = {Review of mozer:1991a.},
  topic = {connectionist-models;computer-vision;}  
  } 

@article{ godel:1931a,
  author = {Kurt G\"odel},
  title = {\"{U}ber formal unentscheidbare {S}atze der {P}rincipia
  	{M}athematica und verwandter {S}ysteme {I}},
  journal = {{M}onatschefte fur {M}athematik und {P}hysik},
  year = {1931},
  volume = {38},
  pages = {173--198},
  xref = {English translation in vanheijenoort:1967a.},
  topic = {goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;logic-classics;}  
  } 

@article{ godel:1980a,
  author = {Kurt G\"odel},
  title = {On a Hitherto Unexploited Extension of the Finitary
  	Standpoint},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {133--142},
  topic = {consistency-proofs;}  
  } 

@incollection{ godo-lopezdemantaras:1991a,
  author = {L. Godo and R. Lopez de Mantaras},
  title = {Linguistically Expressed Uncertainty:  Its Elicitation and
  	Use in Modular expert Systems},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {76--80},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;expert-systems;}  
  } 

@techreport{ goebel:1989a,
  author = {Randy Goebel},
  title = {A Sketch of Analogy as Reasoning with Equality Hypotheses},
  institution = {Department of Computing Science, The University of
  	Alberta},
  number = {TR89--20},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Edmonton},
  topic = {analogy;analogical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ goffman:1959a,
  author = {Erving Goffman},
  title = {Presentation of Self in Everyday Life},
  publisher = {Anchor Books},
  year = {1959},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {sociolinguistics;discourse;indexicals;
  	pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ goffman:1974a,
  author = {Erving Goffman},
  title = {Frame Analysis},
  publisher = {Harper and Row},
  year = {1959},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {sociolinguistics;discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ goffman:1974b1,
  author = {Erving Goffman},
  title = {Replies and Responses},
  journal = {Language in Society},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {257--313},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Revised republication: goffman:1974b2.},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ goffman:1974b2,
  author = {Erving Goffman},
  title = {Replies and Responses},
  booktitle = {Forms of Talk},
  publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Erving Goffman},
  chapter = {1},
  pages = {5--77},
  address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania},
  xref = {Republication of: goffman:1974b1.},
  topic = {discourse;speech-acts;context;
  	pragmatics;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@article{ goffman:1978a1,
  author = {Erving Goffman},
  title = {Response Cries},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {54},
  pages = {787--815},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Revised Republication: goffman:1978a2.},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ goffman:1978a2,
  author = {Erving Goffman},
  title = {Response Cries},
  booktitle = {Forms of Talk},
  publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Erving Goffman},
  chapter = {2},
  pages = {78--123},
  address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania},
  xref = {Republication of: goffman:1978a1.},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ goffman:1979a1,
  author = {Erving Goffman},
  title = {Footing},
  journal = {Semiotica},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {1--29},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Revised republication: goffman:1979a2.},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ goffman:1979a2,
  author = {Erving Goffman},
  title = {Footing},
  booktitle = {Forms of Talk},
  publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Erving Goffman},
  chapter = {3},
  pages = {124--159},
  address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania},
  xref = {Republication of: goffman:1979a1.},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ goffman:1981a,
  author = {Erving Goffman},
  title = {Forms of Talk},
  publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ goffman:1981b,
  author = {Erving Goffman},
  title = {The Lecture},
  booktitle = {Forms of Talk},
  publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Erving Goffman},
  chapter = {4},
  pages = {160--196},
  address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ goffman:1981c,
  author = {Erving Goffman},
  title = {Radio Talk},
  booktitle = {Forms of Talk},
  publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Erving Goffman},
  chapter = {5},
  pages = {197--330},
  address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gogic-etal:1995a,
  author = {Goran Gogic and Henry A. Kautz and Christos Papidimitriou and
  	Bart Selman},
  title = {The Comparative Linguistics of Knowledge Representation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {862--869},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;}  
 } 

@article{ goguen:1969a,
  author = {Joseph A. {Goguen, Jr.}},
  title = {The Logic of Inexact Concepts},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {1969},
  pages = {325--373},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ goguen:1973a,
  author = {Joseph A. {Goguen, Jr.}},
  title = {Axioms, Extensions and Applications for Fuzzy Sets:
		Languages and the Representation of Concepts},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, University
		of California at Los Angeles},
  topic = {vagueness;set-theory;}  
  } 

@techreport{ goguen:1984a,
  author = {Joseph A. {Goguen, Jr.}},
  title = {Parameterized Programming},
  institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information,
  	Stanford University},
  number = {CSLI-84-10},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
  } 

@techreport{ goguen-meseguer:1984a,
  author = {Joseph A. {Goguen, Jr.} and J. Meseguer},
  title = {Completeness of Many-Sorted Equational Logic},
  institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information,
  	Stanford University},
  number = {CSLI-84-15},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {algebraic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ goguen-meseguer:1987a,
  author = {Joseph A. Goguen and Jos\'e Meseguer},
  title = {Models and Equality for Logical Programming},
  booktitle = {{TAPSOFT '87}: Proceedings of the International
		Joint Conference on Theory and Practice of Software
		Development},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {G. Goos and J. Hartmanis},
  pages = {1--22},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ goguen:1988a,
  author = {Joseph A. Goguen},
  title = {Modular Algebraic Specification of Some
  	Basic Geometrical Constructions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {123--153},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper applies some recent advances in algebraic
     specification technology to plane geometry.  The two most
     important specification techniques are parameterized modules and
     order-sorted algebra; the latter provides a systematic treatment
     of subtypes.  This exercise also indicates how a rigorous
     semantic foundation in equational logic can be given for many
     techniques in knowledge representation, including is-a
     hierarchies (with multiple inheritance), multiple
     representations, implicit (one-way) coercion of representation
     and parameterized modular structuring.  Degenerate cases (which
     can be a particular nuisance in computational geometry),
     exception handling, information hiding, block structure, and
     pattern-driven rules are also treated, and again have rigorous
     semantic foundations.  The geometric constructions which
     illustrate all this are specified over any ordered field having
     square roots of nonnegative elements; thus, we also specify some
     algebra, including rings, fields, and determinants.  All
     specifications are written in a variant of the OBJ language. } ,
  topic = {geometrical-reasoning;inheritance;computational-geometry;}  
  } 

@techreport{ goguen-meseguer:1989a,
  author = {Joseph A. {Goguen, Jr.} and Jos\'e Meseguer},
  title = {Order-Sorted Algebra {I}},
  institution = {SRI International},
  number = {SRI--CSL--89--10},
  year = {1989},
  address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ goguen-malcom:1996a,
  author = {Joseph A. {Goguen, Jr.} and Grant Malcom},
  title = {Algebraic Semantics of Imperative Programs},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-07172-X},
  xref = {Review: plaice:1999a.},
  topic = {theory-of-computation;semantics-of-programming-languages;
  	imperative-logic;procedural-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ gold:1967a,
  author = {E. Mark Gold},
  title = {Language Identification in the Limit},
  journal = {Information and Control},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {447--474},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {learning-theory;language-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ goldberg_ja:1983a,
  author = {Julia A. Goldberg},
  title = {A Move Towards Describing Conversational Coherence},
  booktitle = {Conversational Coherence:  Form, Structure and Strategy},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey},
  pages = {25--4},
  address = {London},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ goldberg_sa-pessin:1997a,
  editor = {Sanford Goldberg and Andrew Pessin},
  title = {Gray Matters: An Introduction to the Philosophy of
  	Mind},
  publisher = {M.E. Sharpe},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Armonk, NY},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@article{ goldblatt:1974a,
  author = {Robert L. Goldblatt},
  title = {Semantic Analysis of Orthologic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {19--35},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ goldblatt:1980a,
  author = {Robert L. Goldblatt},
  title = {Diodorean Modality in {M}inkowski Spacetine},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {219--236},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ goldblatt:1987a,
  author = {Robert Goldblatt},
  title = {Logics of Time and Computation},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  edition = {1},
  topic = {modal-logic;temporal-logic;temporal-logic;dynamic-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ goldblatt:1992a,
  author = {Robert Goldblatt},
  title = {Logics of Time and Computation},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  edition = {2},
  topic = {modal-logic;temporal-logic;temporal-logic;dynamic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ golden-weld:1996a,
  author = {Keith Golden and Daniel Weld},
  title = {Representing Sensing Actions: The Middle Ground Revisited},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {174--185},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;cognitive-robotics;reasoning-about-knowledge;actions;
  	sensing-actions;}  
  } 

@book{ golden_j-etal:1976a,
  editor = {James L. Golden and Goodwin F. Berquist and William E. Coleman},
  title = {The Rhetoric of {W}estern Thought},
  publisher = {Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Dubuque, Iowa},
  topic = {rhetoric;argumentation;}  
 } 

@article{ goldfarb:2001a,
  author = {Warren Goldfarb},
  title = {First-Order {F}rege Theory is Undecidable},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {6},
  pages = {613--616},
  contentnote = {"First-order Frege theory" is the first-order theory
    of identity with the abstraction operator.  It has 
    $\lambda x A(x)=\lambda x A(x) \rightleftarrow 
    \forall x[A(x)\rightleftarrow B(x)]$ as its only axiom.},
  topic = {undecidability;identity;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ golding_a-schabes:1996a,
  author = {Andrew R. Golding and Yves Schabes},
  title = {Combining Trigram-Based and Feature-Based Methods for
  	Context-Sensitive Spelling Correction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {71--78},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {spelling-correction;statistical-nlp;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ golding_ar:1995a,
  author = {Andrew R. Golding},
  title = {A {B}ayesian Hybrid Method for Context-Sensitive
				Spelling Correction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very
		Large Corpora},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {39--53},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;spelling-correction;Bayesian-classification;}  
  } 

@article{ golding_ar-rosenbloom:1996a,
  author = {Andrew R. Golding and Paul S. Rosenbloom},
  title = {Improving Accuracy by Combining Rule-Based and Case-Based
  	Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {87},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {215--254},
  topic = {expert-systems;case-based-reasoning;rule-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ golding_j-macleod:1997a,
  editor = {Jonathan M. Golding and Colin M. MacLeod},
  title = {Intentional Forgetting},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;memory;self-deception;}  
 } 

@book{ goldman:1986a,
  author = {Alvin I. Goldman},
  title = {Epistemology and Cognition},
  publisher = {Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {0674258959 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {philosophy-cogsci;epistemology;}  
 } 

@book{ goldman:1999a,
  author = {Alvin L. Goldman},
  title = {Knowledge in a Social World},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: depaul:2002a},
  topic = {epsitemology;social-philosophy;} 
 } 

@book{ goldman_ai:1970a,
  author = {Alvin I. Goldman},
  title = {A Theory of Human Action},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1970},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  topic = {action;philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@article{ goldman_ai:1989a,
  author = {Alvin I. Goldman},
  title = {Interpretation Psychologized},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {161--185},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;philosophy-or-mind;}  
  } 

@incollection{ goldman_ai:1990a,
  author = {Alvin I. Goldman},
  title = {Action and Free Will},
  booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science.  Volume
  	2: Visual Cognition and Action},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {317--340},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {action;freedom;}  
  } 

@book{ goldman_ai:1992a,
  author = {Alvin I. Goldman},
  title = {Liaisons: Philosophy Meets The Cognitive and Social Sciences},
  publisher = {Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {0262071355},
  topic = {philosophy-cogsci;philosophy-and-social-science;}  
 } 

@book{ goldman_ai:1993a,
  author = {Alvin I. Goldman},
  title = {Philosophical Applications of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {Westview Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Boulder, Colorado},
  ISBN = {0813380391},
  topic = {philosophy-cogsci;}  
 } 

@incollection{ goldman_ai:1995a,
  author = {Alvin I. Goldman},
  title = {Empathy, Mind, and Morals},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {185--208},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@incollection{ goldman_ai:1995b,
  author = {Alvin I. Goldman},
  title = {Interpretation Psychologized},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {74--100},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology;
  	mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@incollection{ goldman_ai:1995c,
  author = {Alvin I. Goldman},
  title = {In Defense of the Simulation Theory},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {191--206},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology;
  	mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@article{ goldman_ai:1999a,
  author = {Alvin I. Goldman},
  title = {Internalism Exposed},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {6},
  pages = {271--293},
  topic = {internalism/externalism;epistemology;}  
  } 

@article{ goldman_h:1976a,
  author = {Holly Goldman},
  title = {Dated Rightness and Moral Imperfection},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1976},
  pages = {449--487},
  missinginfo = {volume, number},
  topic = {deontic-logic;secondary-obligations;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ goldman_h:1976b,
 author = {Holly Goldman},
 title = {Future and Derivative Rightness},
 year = {1976},
 note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
 topic = {deontic-logic;branching-time;practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ goldman_h:1997a,
  author = {Holly Goldman},
  title = {A Paradox of Promising},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {106},
  number = {2},
  pages = {153--196},
  topic = {utilitarianism;ethics;promising;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ goldman_rp-charniak:1988a,
  author = {Robert P. Goldman and Eugene Charniak},
  title = {A Probabilistic {ATMS} for Plan Recognition},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1988 {AAAI} Workshop on Plan
  	Recognition},
  year = {1988},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  topic = {nl-statistics;plan-recognition;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ goldman_rp:1990a,
  author = {Robert P. Goldman},
  title = {A Probabilistic Approach to Language Understanding},
  school = {Department of Computer Science, Brown University},
  year = {1990},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  note = {Available as Report No. CS-90-34, Department of Computer
  	Science, Brown University.},
  address = {Providence, Rhode Island},
  topic = {nl-statistics;nl-interpretation;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ goldman_rp-charniak:1990a,
  author = {Robert P. Goldman and Eugene Charniak},
  title = {Incremental Construction of Probabilistic Models for
  	Language Abduction: Work in Progress},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Spring Symposium on Automated
  	Deduction},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {P. O'Rorke},
  pages = {1--4},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {nl-statistics;abduction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ goldman_rp:1994a,
  author = {Robert P. Goldman},
  title = {Conditional Linear Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on AI
  	Planning Systems},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {K. Hammond},
  pages = {80--85},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {planning;contingency-planning;conditional-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ goldman_rp-broddy:1994a,
  author = {Robert P. Goldman and Mark S. Broddy},
  title = {Representing Uncertainty in Simple Planners},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {238--245},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;planning;reasoning-about-uncertainty;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ goldreich:1988a,
  author = {Oded Goldreich},
  title = {Randomness, Interactive Proofs, and
       		Zero-Knowledge---A Survey},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {377--405},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {randomness;cryptography;}  
  } 

@book{ goldsmith-woisetschlaeger:1982a,
  author = {John Goldsmith and Erich Woisetschlaeger},
  title = {The Logic of the Progressive Aspect},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {tense-aspect;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ goldsmith:1993a,
  editor = {John Goldsmith},
  title = {The Last Phonological Rule: Reflections on Constraints and
  	Derivations},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {phonology;}  
 } 

@article{ goldsmith:2001a,
  author = {John Goldsmith},
  title = {Unsupervised Learning of the Morphology of a Natural
  		Language},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {153--198},
  topic = {morphology;machine-language-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ goldstein-hersen:2000a,
  editor = {Gerald Goldstein and Michel Hersen},
  title = {Handbook of Psychological Assessment},
  publisher = {Pergamon},
  year = {2000},
  address = {New York},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Gerald Goldstein, Michel Hersen , "Historical Perspectives"
     2. Michael C. Ramsay, Cecil R. Reynolds, "Psychometric
     		Foundations. Development of a Scientific Test: A
		Practical Guide ", pp. 
     3. Mark D. Reckase, "Scaling Techniques ", pp. 
     4. Kristee A. Beres and Alan S. Kaufman and Mitchel D. 
     		Perlman, "Assessment of Intelligence.
		Assessment of Child Intelligence", pp. 
     5. David S. Tulsky and Jianjun Zhu and Aurelio 
     	Prifitera, "Assessment of Adult Intelligence with
	 	the {WAIS-III}", pp. 
     6. Robert W. Motta, Jamie M. Joseph, "Group Intelligence Tests", pp. 
     7. Lynda J. Katz and Gregory T. Slomka, "Achievement, Aptitude,
     	 	and Interest. Achievement Testing", pp. 
     8. Daniel J. Reschly and Carol Robinson-Za=F1artu, "Evaluation of
     		Aptitudes", pp. 
     9. Jo-Ida C. Hansen, "Interest inventories ", pp. 
    10. Gerald Goldstein, "Neuropsychological Assessment.
    		Comprehensive Neuropsychological Assessment Batteries"
    11. Jane Holmes Bernstein and Michael D. Weiler, "Pediatric
    		Neuropsychological Assessment Examined", pp. 
    12. Glenn J. Larrabee, "Specialized Neuropsychological
    		Assessment Methods", pp. 
    13. Shawn Christopher Shea, "Interviewing. Contemporary Clinical
    		Interviewing: Integration of the {DSM-IV},
		Managed-Care Concerns, Mental Status, and Research", pp. 
    14. Craig Edelbrock and Amy Bohnert, "Structured Interview for
    		Children and Adolescents", pp. 
    15. Arthur N. Wiens and Patricia J. Brazil, "Structured Clinical
    		Interviews for Adults", pp. 
    16. Elahe Nezami and James N. Butcher, "Personality Assessment.
    		Objective Personality Assessment", pp. 
    17. Philip Erdberg, "Rorschach Assessment", pp. 
    18. Ross W. Greene and Thomas H. Ollendick, "Behavioral
    		Assessment. Behavioral Assessment of Children", pp. 
    19. Stephen N. Haynes, "Behavioral assessment of adults ", pp. 
    20. Antonio E. Puente and Miguel Perez Garcia, "Special Topics
    		and Applications"
    21. Robert D. Gatewood and Robert Perloff and Evelyn Perloff,
    		"Psychological Assessment of Ethnic Minorities"
    22. Karen L. Dahlman and Teresa A. Ashman and Richard C. 
    		Mohs, "Psychological Assessment of the Elderly"
  } ,
  ISBN = {0080436455 (hardcover)},
  topic = {psychological-assessment;} 
 } 

@book{ goldstein_g-hersen:2000a,
  editor = {Gerald Goldstein and Michel Hersen},
  title = {Handbook of Psychological Assessment},
  edition = {3},
  publisher = {Pergamon},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0080436455 (hardcover)},
  topic = {psychometrics;}  
 } 

@article{ goldstein_ip:1975a,
  author = {Ira P. Goldstein},
  title = {Summary of {MYCROFT}: A System for Understanding Simple
  	Picture Programs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {249--288},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A collection of powerful ideas -- description, plans, linearity,
     insertions, global knowledge and imperative semantics -- are
     explored which are fundamental to debugging skill.  To make these
     concepts precise, a computer monitor called MYCROFT is described
     that can debug elementary programs for drawing pictures.  The
     prograrns are those written for LOGO turtles. } ,
  topic = {automatic-debugging;line-drawings;}  
  } 

@article{ goldstein_l:1981a,
  author = {Laurence Goldstein},
  title = {Categories of Linguistic Aspects and {G}relling's
  	Paradox},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {405--421},
  xref = {See goldstein_l:1982a, stone_jd:1981a.},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;truth-value-gaps;}  
  } 

@article{ goldstein_l:1982a,
  author = {Lawrence Goldstein},
  title = {Linguistic Aspects, Meaninglessness and Paradox:  A
  	Rejoinder to {J}ohn {D}avid {S}tone},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {579--592},
  xref = {See goldstein_l:1981a, stone_jd:1981a.},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;truth-value-gaps;}  
  } 

@article{ goldstick:1974a,
  author = {D. Goldstick},
  title = {Against Categories},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {337--357},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {category-mistakes;truth-value-gaps;}  
  } 

@techreport{ goldszmidt-pearl:1989a,
  author = {{Mois\'es} Goldszmidt and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Deciding Consistency of Databases Containing Defeasible
  	and Strict Information},
  institution = {UCLA, Computer Science Department},
  number = {R--122},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Los Angeles, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;databases;krcourse;}  
  } 

@article{ goldszmidt-pearl:1989b,
  author = {Mois\'{e}s Goldszmidt and Judea Pearl},
  title = {On the Consistency of Defeasible Databases},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {121--149},
  volume = {52},
  number = {2},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;databases;krcourse;}  
    } 

@inproceedings{ goldszmidt-etal:1990a,
  author = {{Mois\'es} Goldszmidt and Paul Morris and Judea Pearl},
  title = {A Maximum Entropy Approach to Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;world-entropy;probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ goldszmidt-pearl:1990a,
  author = {{Mois\'es} Goldszmidt and Judea Pearl},
  title = {On the Relation between Rational Closure and
  	System-{Z}},
  Institution = {UCLA, Computer Science Department},
  number = {R--139},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Los Angeles, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;probability-semantics;
  	probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ goldszmidt-pearl:1991a,
  author = {{Mois\'es} Goldszmidt and Judea Pearl},
  title = {On the Consistency of Defeasible Databases},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {52},
  number = {2},
  pages = {121--149},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ goldszmidt-pearl:1991b,
  author = {Mois\'es Goldszmidt and Judea Pearl},
  title = {System Z$^+$: A Formalism for Reasoning With
  	Variable-Strength Defaults},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown},
  pages = {399--404},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;probability-semantics;
  	probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ goldszmidt:1992a,
  author = {Mois\'es Goldszmidt},
  title = {Qualitative Probabilities: A Normative Framework for
  	Commonsense Reasoning},
  school = {Department of Computer Science, University of California
  	at Los Angeles},
  year = {1992},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Los Angeles, California},
  note = {Also available as Technical Report R--190, Cognitive Systems
  	Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, UCLA, Los Angeles,
	California 90024.},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;}  
 } 

@incollection{ goldszmidt-pearl:1992a,
  author = {Mois\'es Goldszmidt and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Rank-Based Systems: a Simple Approach to Belief Revision,
   	Belief Update, and Reasoning about Evidence and Actions},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {661--672},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;Yale-shooting-problem;
   	kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ goldszmidt-pearl:1992b,
  author = {Mois\'es Goldszmidt and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Stratified Rankings for Causal Relations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Nonmonotonic
  	 Reasoning},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {99--110},
  missinginfo = {editor,publisher,address,check topics},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ goldszmidt-pearl:1992c,
  author = {Mois\'es Goldszmidt and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Reasoning about Qualitative Probabilities Can Be Tractable},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Uncertainty in
  	Artificial Intelligence (UAI92)},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {112--120},
  missinginfo = {Editor, Organization, Address},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;qualitative-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ goldszmidt-pearl:1996a,
  author = {Mois\'es Goldszmidt and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Qualitative Probabilities for Default Reasoning, Belief
   	Revision, and Causal Modeling},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {84},
  pages = {57--112},
  number = {1--2},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ goldwasser-etal:1989a,
  author = {S. Goldwasser and S. Micali and C. Rackoff},
  title = {The Knowledge Complexity of Interactive Systems},
  journal = {{SIAM} Journal of Computing},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {186--208},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {complexity;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ goldwater-etal:2000a,
  author = {Sharon J. Goldwater and Elizabeth Owen Bratt and Jean Mark
    		Gawron and John Dowding},
  title = {Building a Robust Dialogue System with Limited Data},
  booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Candace Sidner et al.},
  pages = {61--65},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@book{ golledge:1999a,
  editor = {Reginald G. Golledge},
  title = {Wayfinding Behavior: Cognitive Mapping and Other Spatial
    Processes},
  publisher = {Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Baltimore},
  ISBN = {080185993X},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Reginald G. Golledge, "Human wayfinding and cognitive
		maps"
	2. Gary L. Allen, "Spatial abilities, cognitive maps, and
		wayfinding: bases for individual differences in
		spatial cognition and behavior"
	3. Tommy G\"orling, "Human information processing in
		sequential spatial choice"
	4. Eliah Stern and Juval Portugali, "Environmental cognition
		and decision making in urban navigation"
	5. Jack M. Loomis, Roberta L. Klatzky, Reginald G. Golledge,
		and John W. Philbeck, "Human navigation by path
		integration"
	6. Michel-Ange Amorim, "A neurocognitive approach to human
		navigation"
	7.John J. Rieser, "Dynamic spatial orientation and the
		coupling of representation and action"
       10.Ariane S. Etienne, Roland Maurer, Josephine Georgakopoulos,
       		and Andrea Griffin , "Dead reckoning (path
		integration), landmarks, and representation of space
		in a comparative perspective"
       11. Simon P. D. Judd, Kyran Dale, and Thomas S. Collett, "On
       		the fine structure of view-based navigation in
		insects"
       12. Roswitha Wiltschko and Wolfgang Wiltschko, "Compass
       		orientation as a basic element in avian orientation
		and navigation"
       13. Catherine Thinus-Blanc and Florence Gaunet, "Spatial
       		processing in animals and humans: the organizing
		function of representations for information
		gathering"
       14. Lynn Nadel, "Neural mechanisms of spatial orientation and
       		wayfinding: an overview"
       15. Alain Berth\'ez, Michel-Ange Amorim, Stephan Glasauer,
       		Renato Grasso, Yasuiko Takei, and Isabelle
		Viaud-Delmon, "Dissociation between distance and
		direction during locomotor navigation"
       16. Eric Chown, "Error tolerance and generalization in
       		cognitive maps: performance without precision"
   } ,
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;cognitive-psychology;human-navigation;
  	animal-navigation;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ golumbic-shamir:1992a,
  author = {Martin Golumbic and Ron Shamir},
  title = {Algorithms and Complexity for Reasoning about Time},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
  pages = {741--747},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-complexity-analysis;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ gomes-selman:2001a,
  author = {Carla P. Gomes and Bart Selman},
  title = {Algorithm Portfolios},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {126},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {43--62},
  topic = {search;AI-algorithms;anytime-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ gomez-segami:1997a,
  author = {Fernando Gomez and Carlos Segami},
  title = {Determining Prepositional Attachment, Prepositional
  	Meaning, Verb Meaning, and Thematic Roles},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--31},
  topic = {prepositions;nl-interpretation;thematic-roles;verb-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gomez_f:1998a,
  author = {Fernando Gomez},
  title = {Linking {W}ord{N}et Verb Classes to Semantic
  	Interpretation},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {58--64},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;computational-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gomezhidalgo-rodriguez:1997a,
  author = {Jos\'e Gomez-Hidalgo and Manuel de Buenaga
     		Rodriguez},
  title = {Integrating a Lexical Database and a
		Training Collection for Text Categorization},
  booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of
  	Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari
  	and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks},
  pages = {39--44},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {document-classification;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@article{ gomeztorrente:2000a,
  author = {Mario G\'omez-Torrente},
  title = {A Note on Formality and Logical Consequence},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {5},
  pages = {529--539},
  topic = {logical-consequence;validity;}  
  } 

@article{ gomeztorrente:2002a,
  author = {March G\'omez-Torrente},
  title = {The Problem of Logical Constants},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--37},
  topic = {logical-constants;} 
  } 

@article{ gomolonska:1997a,
  author = {Anna Gomoli\'nska},
  title = {On the Logic of Acceptance and Rejection},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {60},
  number = {2},
  pages = {233--251},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ gonnerman:1999a,
  author = {Laura Michelle Gonnerman},
  title = {Morphology and the Lexicon: Exploring the Semantics-Phonology
    Interface},
  school = {University of Southern California},
  year = {1999},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Los Angeles},
  topic = {semantics;phonology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gonzalez_aj-sacki:2001a,
  author = {Avelino J. Gonzalez and Shinya Sacki},
  title = {Using Contexts Competition to Model Tactical Human
  	Behavior in a Simulation},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {453--456},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;cognitive-modeling;decision-making;}  
  } 

@book{ gonzalez_m:1994a,
  editor = {M. Gonzalez},
  title = {{NELS 24}: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Conference of the
  	{N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  publisher = {GLSA Publications},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications:
  	http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.},
  topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ good:1953a,
  author = {I.J. Good},
  title = {The Population Frequencies of Species and the
  	Estimation of Population Parameters},
  journal = {Biometrika},
  year = {1953},
  volume = {40},
  pages = {237--264},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {population-statistics;frequency-estimation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ goodall:1987a,
  author = {G. Goodall},
  title = {On Argument Structure and {L}-Marking with {M}andarin Ba},
  booktitle = {{NELS 17}: Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference of the
  	{N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Joyce McDonough and B. Plunkett},
  publisher = {GLSA Publications},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {argument-structure;Chinese-language;}  
  } 

@article{ goodenough:1956a,
  author = {Ward H. Goodenough},
  title = {Componential Analysis and the Study of Meaning},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1956},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {195--215},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {semantic-fields;lexical-semantics;cultural-anthropology;}  
  } 

@book{ goodluck-rochemont:1992a,
  editor = {Helen Goodluck and Michael Rochemont},
  title = {Island Constraints: Theory, Acquisition, and Processing},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792316894},
  topic = {syntactic-islands;}  
 } 

@book{ goodman_ir:1991a,
  editor = {Irwin R. Goodman},
  title = {Conditional Logic in Expert Systems},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444888195},
  topic = {conditionals;logic-in-cs;expert-systems;}  
 } 

@book{ goodman_ir-etal:1991a,
  author = {Irwin R. Goodman and H.T. Nguyen and E.A. Walker},
  title = {Conditional Inference and Logic for Intelligent Systems:
  		A Theory of Measure-Free Conditioning},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444886850},
  topic = {probability--semantics;probability-kinematics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ goodman_j:1996a,
  author = {Joshua Goodman},
  title = {Parsing Algorithms and Metrics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {177--183},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;software-engineering;}  
 } 

@incollection{ goodman_j:1996b,
  author = {Joshua Goodman},
  title = {Efficient Algorithms for Parsing the {DOP} Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {143--152},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {"DOP" is "Data Oriented Parsing".  Term is
		due to Remko Scha.},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;corpus-statistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ goodman_j:1997a,
  author = {Joshua Goodman},
  title = {Global Thresholding and Multiple-Pass
				Parsing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {11--25},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;parsing-algorithms;
		statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@article{ goodman_j:1999a,
  author = {Joshua Goodman},
  title = {Semiring Parsing},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {25},
  number = {4},
  pages = {573--603},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@book{ goodman_k-nirenburg:1991a,
  editor = {Kenneth Goodman and Sergei Nirenburg},
  title = {The {KBMT} Project: A Case Study in Knowledge-Based
  	Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  ISBN = {1-558-60129-5},
  topic = {machine-translation;}  
 } 

@article{ goodman_n:1947a,
  author = {Nelson Goodman},
  title = {The Problem of Counterfactual Conditionals},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1947},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {113--118},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Reprinted in goodman_n:1955a.},
  topic = {conditionals;dispositions;}  
  } 

@article{ goodman_n:1949a1,
  author = {Nelson Goodman},
  title = {On Likeness of Meaning},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1949},
  volume = {10},
  missinginfo = {number, pages},
  xref = {Republication: goodman_n:1949a2.},
  topic = {synonymy;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ goodman_n:1949a2,
  author = {Nelson Goodman},
  title = {On Likeness of Meaning},
  booktitle = {Semantics and the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Illinois Press},
  year = {1952},
  editor = {Leonard Linsky},
  pages = {67--74},
  address = {Urbana, Illinois},
  xref = {Republication of: goodman_n:1949a1.},
  topic = {synonymy;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ goodman_n:1951a,
  author = {Nelson Goodman},
  title = {The Structure of Appearance},
  edition = {1},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1951},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {phenomenalism;}  
  } 

@book{ goodman_n:1955a,
  author = {Nelson Goodman},
  title = {Fact, Fiction and Forecast},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1955},
  topic = {conditionals;induction;(un)natural-predicates;}  
 } 

@incollection{ goodman_n:1963a,
  author = {Nelson Goodman},
  title = {The Significance of {\em {D}er {l}ogische {A}ufbau {d}er {W}elt}},
  booktitle = {The Philosophy of {R}udolph {C}arnap},
  publisher = {Open Court},
  year = {1963},
  pages = {545--558},
  editor = {Paul Schilpp},
  address = {LaSalle, Illinois},
  topic = {Carnap;logical-empiricism;}  
  } 

@book{ goodman_n:1968a,
  author = {Nelson Goodman},
  title = {Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of Symbols},
  publisher = {The Bobbs-Merrill Company},
  year = {1968},
  address = {Indianapolis},
  topic = {aesthetics;metaphor;speaker-meaning;pragmatics;
  	representation;}  
 } 

@book{ goodman_n:1977a,
  author = {Nelson Goodman},
  title = {The Structure of Appearance},
  edition = {3},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {phenomenalism;}  
  } 

@article{ goodman_n:1977b,
  author = {Nelson Goodman},
  title = {The Trouble with {R}oot},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {277--278},
  xref = {Comment on root:1977a.},
  topic = {synonymy;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ goodman_n:1978a,
  author = {Nelson Goodman},
  title = {Predicates without Properties},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {347--348},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {nominalistic-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ goodman_n:1978b,
  author = {Nelson Goodman},
  title = {Ways of Worldmaking},
  publisher = {Hackett Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Indianapolis},
  topic = {aesthetics;}  
 } 

@book{ goodman_n-elgin:1988a,
  author = {Nelson Goodman and Catherine Z. Elgin},
  title = {Reconceptions in Philosophy and Other Arts and Sciences},
  publisher = {Hackett Publishing Co.},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Indianapolis},
  topic = {aesthetics;reconception;metaphilosophy;}  
 } 

@book{ goodwin_c:1981a,
  author = {C. Goodwin},
  title = {Conversational Organization: Interaction Between Speakers and
  	Hearers},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {sociolinguistics;discourse;conversation-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ goodwin_r:1994a,
  author = {Richard Goodwin},
  title = {Reasoning about When to Start Acting},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on AI
  	Planning Systems},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {K. Hammond},
  pages = {86--91},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {planning;plan-exection;}  
  } 

@techreport{ goodwin_sd-trudel:1989a,
  author = {Scott D. Goodwin and Andr\'e Trudel},
  title = {Persistence in Continuous First-Order Temporal Logics},
  institution = {Department of Computing Science, The University of
  	Alberta},
  number = {TR 89--24},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Edmonton},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;nonmonotonic-logic;
  	continuous-change;} 
  } 

@incollection{ goodwin_sd-etal:1991a,
  author = {Scott D. Goodwin and Eric Neufeld and Andr\'e Trudel},
  title = {Probabilistic Regions of Persistence},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {182--189},
  address = {Berlin},
  contentnote = {This paper deals with the fact that in fact
  	circumstances are not expected to go unchanged indefinitely.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;}  
  } 

@book{ goosens-rahtz:1999a,
  author = {Michael Goosens and Sebastian Rahtz},
  title = {The \LaTeX{} Web Companion},
  publisher = {Addison Wesley},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-201-43311-7},
  topic = {html;internet-technology;computer-assisted-document-preparation;
  	LaTeX-manual;}  
 } 

@book{ gopnik:1997a,
  editor = {Myrna M. Gopnik},
  title = {The Inheritance and Innateness of Grammars},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Myrna Gopnik, "Introduction"
	2. Patricia K. Kuhl and Andrew N. Meltzoff, "Evolution,
		Nativism and Learning in the Development of Language
		and Speech"
	3. Laura Ann Petitto, "In the Beginning: On the Genetic and
		Environmental Factors that Make Early Language
		Acquisition Possible"
	4. Martha B. Crago, Shanley E.M. Allen and Wendy P.
		Hough-Eyamie, "Exploring Innateness through Cultural
		and Linguistic Variation"
	5. J. Bruce Tomblin, "Epidemiology of Specific Language
		Impairment"
	6. Myrna Gopnik and Jenny Dalalakis, "The Biological Basis of
		Language:  Familial Language Impairment"
	7. Suzy E. Fukuda and Shinji Fukuda, "Dalalakis,"
       10. Harald Clahsen and Detlef Hansen, "The Grammatical
       		Agreement Deficit in Specific Language Impairment:
		Evidence from Therapy Experiments"
       11. Judith R. Johnston, "Specific Language Impairment,
       		Cognition and the Biological Basis of Language"
       12.  Steven Pinker, "Evolutionary Biology and the Evolution of
       		Language"
       13.  Harvey M. Sussman, "A Neurobiological Approach to the
       		Noninvariance Problem in Stop Consonant
		Categorization"
   } ,
  ISBN = {ISBN 0-19-511534-1 (paper), 0-19-511533-3 (cloth)},
  topic = {L1-acquisition;innateness-of-language-ability;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gopnik_a-wellman_hm:1995a,
  author = {Alsion Gopnik and Henry M. Wellman},
  title = {Why the Child's Theory of Mind Really {\em Is} a Theory},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {259--273},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;developmental-psychology;
  	mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@book{ gopnik_a-melznoff:1996a,
  author = {Alison Gopnik and Andrew N. Melznoff},
  title = {Words, Thoughts, and Theories},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {L1-acquisition;}  
 } 

@book{ gopnik_a-mettzoff:1997a,
  author = {Allison Gopnik and Andrew N. Mettzoff},
  title = {Words, Thoughts, and Theories},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  contentnote = {This presents and defends the "theory theory"
  	of reasoning about attitudes.},
  topic = {developmental-psychology;cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gopnik_m:1976a,
  author = {Myrna Gopnik},
  title = {What the Theorist Saw},
  booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Jessica R. Wirth},
  pages = {217--248},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ goranko:1996a,
  author = {Valentin Goranko},
  title = {Hierarchies of Modal and Temporal Logics With Reference
  	Pointers},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--24},
  contentnote = {These are fairly powerful extensions of the propositional
  	logics; validity is undecidable.},
  topic = {modal-logic;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ goranko:1998a,
  author = {Valentin Goranko},
  title = {Axiomatizations with Context Rules of Inference
  	in Modal Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {179--197},
  contentnote = {The formalization uses rules of proof that apply
  	only on certain contexts.},
  topic = {proof-theory;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ goranko:1999a,
  author = {Valentin Goranko},
  title = {Review of {\em Modal Logic},
		by {A}lexander {C}hagov and {M}ichael {Z}akharyaschev},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {255--258},
  xref = {Review of: chagov-zakharyaschev:1997a},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ goranko:1999b,
  author = {Valentin Goranko},
  title = {Review of {\em Reasoning about Knowledge},
	by {R}onald {F}agin and {J}oseph {Y}. {H}alpern and {Y}oram {M}oses
	and {M}oshe {Y}. {V}ardi},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {469--473},
  xref = {Review of fagin-etal:1995b.},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;communication-protocols;
  	game-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ gordolopez-parker_i:1999a,
  editor = {Angel J. Gordo-Lopez and Ian Parker},
  title = {Cyberpsychology},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1999},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0 415 (Hb), 0 415 (Pb)},
  topic = {philsophy-of-psychology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gordon_d-lakoff:1975a1,
  author = {D. Gordon and George Lakoff},
  title = {Conversational Postulates},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Peter Cole and Jerry Morgan},
  pages = {83--106},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;generative-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ gordon_j-shortliffe:1985a,
  author = {Jean Gordon and Edward Shortliffe},
  title = {A Method of Managing Evidential Reasoning in a Hierarchical
  	Hypothesis Space},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {323--357},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Although informal models of evidential reasoning have been
     successfully applied in automated reasoning systems, it is
     generally difficult to define the range of their applicability.
     In addition, they have not provided a basis for consistent
     management of evidence bearing on hypotheses that are related
     hierarchically.  The Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory of evidence is
     appealing because it does suggest a coherent approach for
     dealing with such relationships.  However, the theory's
     complexity and potential for computational inefficiency have
     tended to discourage its use in reasoning systems.  In this
     paper we describe the central elements of the D-S theory, basing
     our exposition on simple examples drawn from the field of
     medicine.  We then demonstrate the relevance of the D-S theory
     to a familiar expert-system domain, namely the
     bacterial-organism identification problem that lies at the heart
     of the MYCIN system.  Finally, we present a new adaptation of
     the D-S approach that achieves computational efficiency while
     permitting the management of evidential reasoning within an
     abstraction hierarchy.},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;expert-systems;abduction;
	reasoning-about-uncertainty;diagnosis;Dempster-Shafer-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ gordon_j-shortliffe:1993a,
  author = {Jean Gordon and Edward H. Shortliffe},
  title = {A Method for Managing Evidential Reasoning in a
  	Hierarchical Hypothesis Space---A Retrospective},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {43--47},
  xref = {Retrospective commentary on gordon_j-shortliffe:1985a.},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;expert-systems;
	reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gordon_pc-hendrick:1999a,
  author = {Peter C. Gordon and Randall Hendrick},
  title = {Comprehension of Coreferential Expressions},
  booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and
  	Reference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu},
  pages = {82--89},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {anaphora;nl-comprehension-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gordon_rm:1986a,
  author = {Robert M. Gordon},
  title = {The Circle of Desire},
       booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical
       	Psychology on the Concept of Wanting},
  publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joel Marks},
  pages = {101--114},
  address = {Chicago},
  contentnote = {Discusses dependencies of desires on one another.},
  topic = {desire;philosophical-psychology;practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gordon_rm:1995a,
  author = {Robert M. Gordon},
  title = {Simulation without Introspection or
		Interference from Me to You},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {53--67},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation;
  	propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gordon_rm:1995b,
  author = {Robert M. Gordon},
  title = {Folk Psychology as Simulation},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {60--73},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation;
  	propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gordon_rm:1995c,
  author = {Robert M. Gordon},
  title = {The Simulation Theory: Objections
		and Misconceptions},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {101--124},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology;
  	mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gordon_rm:1995d,
  author = {Robert M. Gordon},
  title = {Reply to {S}tich and {N}ichols},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {174--184},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation;
  	propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gordon_rm:1995e,
  author = {Robert M. Gordon},
  title = {Reply to {P}erner and {H}owes},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {185--190},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation;
  	propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@article{ gordon_rm:1995f,
  author = {Robert M. Gordon},
  title = {Sympathy, Simulation, and the Impartial Spectator},
  journal = {Ethics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {105},
  pages = {727--742},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gordon_rm:1998a,
  author = {Robert M. Gordon},
  title = {Folk Psychology as Mental Simulation},
  year = {1998},
  note = {Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum1998/entries/folkpsych-simulation/},
  topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation;
  	propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@article{ gore:2000b,
  author = {Rajeev Gor\'e},
  title = {Review of {\em Displaying Modal Logic},
		by {H}einrich {W}ansing},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {269--272},
  xref = {Review of: wansing:1998b.},
  topic = {display-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ gorogiannis-ryan:2002a,
  author = {Nikos Gorogiannis and Mark D. Ryan},
  title = {Implementation of Belief Change Operators using {BDD}'s},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {131--156},
  topic = {belief-revision;} 
  } 

@article{ gorovitz:1965a,
  author = {Samuel Gorovitz},
  title = {Causal Judgements and Causal Explanations},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {23},
  pages = {695--711},
  topic = {causality;explanation;}  
  } 

@article{ goto-nojima:1995a,
  author = {Shigeki Goto and Hisao Nojima},
  title = {Equilibrium Analysis of the Distribution of Information in
  	Human Society},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {75},
  number = {1},
  pages = {115--130},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper applies equilibrium analysis in micro-economics to
     analyze a stable structure in a model of human society.  The
     structure is observed in the study of the distribution of
     information.  It forms a three-layered hierarchy.  These layers
     are called brains, gatekeepers and end users.
      The three-layer structure is widely observed in a variety of
     research fields.  For example, in computer networks, core
     gateways correspond to brains, stub gateways behave like
     gatekeepers, and local networks are end users.  The three-layer
     model is considered to be an essential extension of the popular
     ``client-server'' concept in computer science.
      This paper calculates the supply and demand curves in
     micro-economics to show how the equilibrium is established.  The
     law of diminishing utility is utilized to represent the
     distribution of information or knowledge.  The calculations are
     straightforward if the dependence of the end users on the other
     layers is taken into account.  The results can explain many
     properties of the three-layer model.},
  topic = {artificial-societies;}  
  } 

@article{ gottlieb-davis_lh:1974a,
  author = {Dale V. Gottlieb and Lawrence H. Davis},
  title = {Extensionality and Singular Causal Sentences},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {69--72},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {causality;intensional-transitive-verbs;intensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ gottlieb:1975a,
  author = {Dale Gottlieb},
  title = {Rationality and the Theory of Projection},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {319--328},
  topic = {projectable-predicates;}  
  } 

@article{ gottlieb:1978a,
  author = {Dale Gottlieb},
  title = {The Truth about Arithmetic},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {81--90},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;truth;}  
  } 

@article{ gottlieb-mccarthy_t:1979a,
  author = {Dale Gottlieb and Timothy McCarthy},
  title = {Substitutional Quantification and Set Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {315--331},
  topic = {substitutional-quantification;foundations-of-set-theory;
  	philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gottlob:1993a,
  author = {Georg Gottlob},
  title = {The Power of Beliefs: Or Translating Default Logic Into
  	Standard Autoepistemic Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {570--575},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;default-logic;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ gottlob-fermuller:1993a,
  author = {Georg Gottlob and Christian G. Ferm\"uller},
  title = {Removing Redundancy from a Clause},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {263--289},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper deals with the problem of removing redundant literals
     from a given clause. We first consider condensing, a weak type
     of redundancy elimination. A clause is condensed if it does not
     subsume any proper subset of itself. It is often useful (and
     sometimes necessary) to replace a non-condensed clause C by a
     condensation, i.e., by a condensed subset of C which is subsumed
     by C. After studying the complexity of an existing clause
     condensing algorithm, we present a more efficient algorithm and
     provide arguments for the optimality of the new method. We prove
     that testing whether a given clause is condensed is
     co-NP-complete and show that several problems related to clause
     condensing belong to complexity classes that are, probably,
     slightly harder than NP. We also consider a stronger version of
     redundancy elimination: a clause C is strongly condensed iff it
     does not contain any proper subset C' such that C logically
     implies C'. We show that the problem of testing whether a clause
     is strongly condensed is undecidable.
  } ,
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;redundant-literals;decidability;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gottlob-etal:1999a,
  author = {Georg Gottlob and Erich Gr\"adel and Helmut Veith},
  title = {Datalog {LITE}: Temporal Versus Deductive Reasoning
  		in Verification},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {logic-programming;program-verification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gottlob-etal:2000a,
  author = {Georg Gottlob and Erich Gr\"adel and Helmut Veith},
  title = {Linear Time Datalog and Branching Time Logic},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {443--467},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  title = {A Comparison of Structural {CSP} Decomposition
  	Methods},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {124},
  number = {2},
  pages = {243--282},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;AI-algorithms;AI-algorithms-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ gottlob-etal:2002a,
  author = {Georg Gottlob and Francesco Scarcello and Martha Sideri},
  title = {Fixed-Parameter Complexity in {AI} and Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {138},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {55--86},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;circumscription;complexity-in-AI;} 
  } 

@incollection{ gottlob_g:1994a,
  author = {Georg Gottlob},
  title = {From {C}arnap's Modal Logic to Autoepistemic Logic},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce},
  pages = {1--18},
  address = {Berlin},
  contentnote = {Technical results relating Carnap's state description
  	approach to autoepistemic logic.},
  topic = {autoepistemic-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ gottlob_g-mingyi:1994a,
  author = {Georg Gottlob and Zhang Mingyi},
  title = {Cumulative Default Logic: Finite Characterization,
  	Algorithms, and Complexity},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {329--345},
  topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;complesxity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gottlob_g:1996a,
  author = {Georg Gottlob},
  title = {Complexity and Power of {KR} Formalisms (Abstract)},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {647--649},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gotts:1994a,
  author = {N.M. Gotts},
  title = {How Far Can We `C'?  Defining a Doughnut Using Connection Alone},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {246--257},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  contentnote = {"C" is a connection relation},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;spatial-representation;}  
  } 

@techreport{ gotts:1996a,
  author = {N.M. Gotts},
  title = {Topology from a Single Primitive Relation: Defining
  	Topological Properties and Relations in Terms of Connection},
  institution = {School of Computer Studies, University of Leeds},
  number = {96.24},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Leeds},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {spatial-representation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gotz-meurers:1997a,
  author = {Thilo G\"otz ant Detmar Meurers},
  title = {Interleaving Universal Principles and Relational
  	Constraints over Typed Feature Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
			Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the
			{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {1--8},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {feature-structure-logic;typed-feature-structure-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ goubertlarrecq:1997a,
  author = {Goubert-larrecq},
  title = {Proof Theory and Automated Deduction},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {This is an introductory textbook.},
  topic = {proof-theory;theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@article{ gouda:1985a,
  author = {M. Gouda},
  title = {A Simple Protocol Whose Proof Isn't},
  journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Communications},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {COM-33},
  number = {4},
  pages = {382--384},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gough:1971a,
  author = {Philip B. Gough},
  title = {Experimental Psycholinguistics},
  booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science},
  publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of
		Maryland.},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {William Orr Dingwall},
  pages = {251--296},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ govier:1982a,
  author = {Trudy Govier},
  title = {What's Wrong With Slippery Slope Arguments?},
  journal = {Canadian Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {303--316},
  missinginfo = {number.},  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@book{ gowans:1987a,
  editor = {Christopher Gowans},
  title = {Moral Dilemmas},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1987},
  topic = {moral-conflict;}  
    } 

@inproceedings{ goyal-shoham_y1:1993a,
  author = {Nita Goyal and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Reasoning Precisely with Vague Concepts},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert},
  pages = {698--703},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ graber-etal:1995a,
  author = {Andrea Gr\"aber and Hans-J\"urgen B\"urkert and Armin Laux},
  title = {Terminological Reasoning with Knowledge and Belief},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {Akedemie Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {29--64},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;taxonomic-logics;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grabski:1981a,
  author = {Michael Grabski},
  title = {Quotations as Indexicals and Demonstratives},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {151--167},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {direct-discourse;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ grabski:1995a,
  author = {Michael Grabski},
  title = {Some Operators Cancelling Hyperintensionality},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ graedel:1997a,
  author = {Erich Gr\"adel},
  title = {On the Decision Problem for Two-Variable First-Order Logic},
  journal = {Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--69},
  topic = {complexity-theory;subtheories-of-FOL;}  
  } 

@article{ graesser:1996a,
  author = {Arthur C. Graesser},
  title = {Review of {\it Time-Constrained Memory: A Reader-Based
  	Approach to Text Comprehension}, by {J}ean-{P}ierre {C}orriveau},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {265--266},
  xref = {Review of corriveau:1995a.},
  topic = {text-comprehension;memory;memory-models;language-and-cognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ graf-fehrer:1998a,
  author = {P. Graf and D. Fehrer},
  title = {Term Indexing},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ graff:1997a,
  author = {Delia Graff},
  title = {The Phenomena of Vagueness},
  school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
  year = {1997},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ graff:1999a,
  author = {Delia Graff},
  title = {Phenomenal Continua and the Sorites},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ graff:2000a,
  author = {Delia Graff},
  title = {Shifting Sands: An Interest-Relative Theory of
  	Vagueness},
  year = {2000},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@book{ graham_g:1999a,
  author = {Gordon Graham},
  title = {Philosophy and the Internet},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1999},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0 415 19748 1 (Hb), 0 415 19749 X (Pb), } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-technology;philosophy-of-computing;}  
 } 

@article{ graham_p:2000a,
  author = {Peter Graham},
  title = {Transferring Knowledge},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {34},
  number = {3},
  pages = {131--152},
  topic = {speech-acts;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ graham_sl-etal:1976a,
  author = {Susan L. Graham and Michael A. Harrison and Walter L.
  	Ruzzo},
  title = {On Line Context Free Recognition in Less Than Cubic Time},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Manuscript, University of California at Berkeley.},
  topic = {algorithmic-complexity;parsing-algorithms;context-free-grammars;
  	formal-language-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grahne:1991a,
  author = {G\"osta Grahne},
  title = {Updates and Counterfactuals},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {269--276},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;belief-revision;conditionals;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grahne-etal:1992a,
  author = {G\"osta Grahne and Alberto O. Mendelzon and Raymond Reiter},
  title = {On the Semantics of Belief Revision Systems},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {132--142},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ grahne-mendelzon:1994a,
  author = {G\"osta Grahne and Alberto Mendelzon},
  title = {Updates and Subjunctive Queries},
  journal = {Information and Computation},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {116},
  number = {2},
  pages = {241--252},
  topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ grahne:1998a,
  author = {G\"osta Grahne},
  title = {Update and Counterfactuals},
  journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--117},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ grandy_re:1972a,
  author = {Richard E. Grandy},
  title = {A Definition of Truth for Theories with Intensional
  	Definite Description Operators},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {137--155},
  topic = {intensionality;truth-definitions;definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@article{ grandy_re:1973a,
  author = {Richard E. Grandy},
  title = {Reference, Meaning, and Belief},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {70},
  number = {14},
  pages = {439--452},
  topic = {reference;semantics-of-proper-names;}  
  } 

@article{ grandy_re:1974a,
  author = {Richard E. Grandy},
  title = {Some Remarks on Logical Form},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {157--164},
  topic = {logical-form;} 
  } 

@article{ grandy_re:1977a,
  author = {Richard E. Grandy},
  title = {Review of {\it Convention: A Philosophical Study}, by
  	{D}avid {L}ewis},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {94},
  number = {2},
  pages = {129--139},
  xref = {Review of lewis_dk:1969a.},
  topic = {convention;mutual-beliefs;
  	game-theoretic-coordination;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ grandy_re:1977b,
  author = {Richard E. Grandy},
  title = {Advanced Logic for Applications},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Review: kroon:1980a.},
  topic = {logic-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ grandy_re:1982a,
  author = {Richard E. Grandy},
  title = {Semantic Intuitions and Linguistic Structure},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {333--332},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grandy_re:1986a,
  author = {Richard E. Grandy},
  title = {Some Misconceptions about Belief},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {317--331},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {belief;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grandy_re-warner:1986b,
  author = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  title = {Paul Grice: A View of his Work},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {1--44},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;implicature;speaker-meaning;
  	Grice;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ grandy_re-warner_r:1986a,
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  title = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality: Intentions, Categories,
		Ends},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
       1. Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner, "Paul Grice:
			A View of his Work"
       2. Grice, "Reply to Richards"
       3. Patrick Suppes, "The Primacy of Utterer's Meaning"
       4. Andreas Kemmerling, "Utterer's Meaning Revisited"
       5. Donald Davidson, "A Nice Derangement of Epitaphs"
       6. Stephen Schiffer, "Compositional Semantics and
			Language Understanding"
       7. John Searle, "Meaning, Communication, and Representation"
       8. Peter F. Strawson,  "`If' and `$\supset$'"
       9. Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber, "On Defining Relevance"
       10. Jaakko Hintikka, "Logic of Convesation as a Logic of Dialogue"
       11. Gordon Baker, Alternative Mind-Styles
       12. Richard E. Grandy, "Some Misconceptions about Belief"
       13. John Perry, "Perception, Action, and the Structure of Believing"
       14. Gilbert Harman, "Willing and Intending"
       15. George Myro, "Identity and Time"
       16. Alan Code, "Aristotle:  Essence and Accident"
       17. Nancy Cartwright, "Fitting Facts to Equations"
       18. Judith Baker, "Do One's Motives have to be Pure?"
       19. Richard Warner, "Grice on Happiness"
	},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;implicature;speaker-meaning;Grice;
		philosophy-of-mind;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ grandy_re:1987a,
  author = {Richard E. Grandy},
  title = {In Defense of Semantic Fields},
  booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Ernest LePore},
  pages = {259--280},
  address = {London},
  topic = {nl-semantics;semantic-fields;}  
  } 

@incollection{ granger_s:1997a,
  author = {Sylviane Granger},
  title = {The Computer Learner Corpus: A Testbed for
       		Electronic {EFL} Tools},
  booktitle = {Linguistic Databases},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {John Nerbonne},
  pages = {175--188},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;second-language-instruction;}  
  } 

@book{ granger_s:1998a,
  editor = {Sylvaine Granger},
  title = {Learner {E}nglish on Computer},
  publisher = {Addison Wesley Longman},
  year = {1998},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Review: lessard:1999a.},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;L2-language-learning;}  
 } 

@article{ grant:1980a,
  author = {B. Grant},
  title = {Knowledge, Luck and Charity},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {89},
  pages = {161--181},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {knowledge;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ grashoff:1995a,
  author = {Henning Grashoff},
  title = {Rationality and Information Agents},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Michael Fehling},
  pages = {75--79},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {knowledge-integration;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grasso:2002a,
  author = {Floriana Grasso},
  title = {Towards a Framework for Rhetorical Argumentation},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {53--60},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {argumentation;rhetoric;} 
  } 

@article{ gratch-dejong:1996a,
  author = {Jonathan Gratch and Gerald DeJong},
  title = {A Statistical Approach to Adaptive Problem Solving},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {88},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {101--142},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Domain independent general purpose problem solving techniques
     are desirable from the standpoints of software engineering and
     human computer interaction.  They employ declarative and modular
     knowledge representations and present a constant homogeneous
     interface to the user, untainted by the peculiarities of the
     specific domain of interest.  Unfortunately, this very insulation
     from domain details often precludes effective problem solving
     behavior.  General approaches have proven successful in complex
     real-world situations only after a tedious cycle of manual
     experimentation and modification.  Machine learning offers the
     prospect of automating this adaptation cycle, reducing the
     burden of domain specific tuning and reconciling the conflicting
     needs of generality and efficacy.  A principal impediment to
     adaptive techniques is the utility problem: even if the acquired
     information is accurate and is helpful in isolated cases, it may
     degrade overall problem solving performance under difficult to
     predict circumstances.  We develop a formal characterization of
     the utility problem and introduce COMPOSER, a statistically
     rigorous learning approach which avoids the utility problem.
     COMPOSER has been successfully applied to learning heuristics
     for planning and scheduling systems.  This article includes
     theoretical results and an extensive empirical evaluation.  The
     approach is shown to outperform significantly several other
     leading approaches to the utility problem.
  } ,
  topic = {machine-learning;planning;utility-of-learned-information;}  
  } 

@article{ graves_c-etal:1973a,
  author = {Christina Graves and Jerrold J. Katz and Yuji Nishiyama
		and Scott Soames and Robert Stecker and Peter Tovey},
  title = {Tacit Knowledge},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {70},
  number = {11},
  pages = {318--330},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ graves_pr:1997a,
  author = {P.R. Graves},
  title = {Reference and Imperfective Paradox},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {88},
  pages = {81--101},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {tense-aspect;imperfective-paradox;}  
  } 

@book{ gray_b:1977a,
  author = {Bennison Gray},
  title = {The Grammatical Foundations of Rhetoric: Discourse Analysis},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1977},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
} 

@article{ gray_nab:1984a,
  author = {Neil A.B. Gray},
  title = {Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Organic
  	Chemistry: Analysis of {C-13} Spectra},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--21},
  topic = {computer-assisted-science;}  
  } 

@book{ grayling:1997a,
  author = {A.C. Grayling},
  title = {An Introduction to Philosophical Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ grayling:1999a,
  author = {A.C. Grayling},
  title = {An Introduction to Philosophical Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-631-20655-8 (pbk)},
  xref = {Review: kroon:1999a.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ greco:2000a,
  author = {John Greco},
  title = {Putting Skeptics in Their Place: The Nature
  	of Skeptical Arguments and Their Role in Philosophical
	Inquiry},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: warfield:2001a.},
  topic = {skepticism;} 
 } 

@inproceedings{ green_cc:1969a1,
  author = {C. Cordell Green},
  title = {Application of Theorem Proving to Problem
          Solving},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker and Lewis M. Morton},
  pages = {219--239},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Bedford, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication: green_cc:1969a2.},
  topic = {planning;foundations-of-planning;theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@incollection{ green_cc:1969a2,
  author = {C. Cordell Green},
  title = {Application of Theorem Proving to Problem
          Solving},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {202--222},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: green_cc:1969a1.},
  topic = {planning;foundations-of-planning;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ green_cc-barstow:1978a,
  author = {C. Cordell Green and David Barstow},
  title = {On Program Synthesis Knowledge},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {241--279},
  topic = {program-synthesis;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ green_gm:1973a,
  author = {Georgia Green},
  title = {How to Get People to Do Things with Words:  The
  	Question of Whimperatives},
  year = {1739},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University
  	of Illinois},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {indirect-speech-acts;}  
  } 

@book{ green_gm:1974a,
  author = {Georgia M. Green},
  title = {Semantics and Syntactic Regularity},
  publisher = {Indiana University Press},
  year = {1974},
  address = {Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ green_gm-morgan:1981a,
  author = {Georgia M. Green and Jerry L. Morgan},
  title = {Pragmatics, Grammar, and Discourse},
  booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {167--181},
  address = {New York},
  contentnote = {This is a discussion of the nature of pragmatics and its
  	relation to discourse.},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ green_gm:1982a,
  author = {Georgia Green},
  title = {Linguistics and the Pragmatics of Language Use},
  booktitle = {Neurolinguistics and Cognition},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {R. Buhr},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name, pages, date is a guess.},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ green_gm:1989a,
  author = {Georgia M. Green},
  title = {Pragmatics and Natural Language Understanding},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1989},
  edition = {1},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  topic = {pragmatics-survey;}  
 } 

@techreport{ green_gm:1994a,
  author = {Georgia M. Green},
  title = {Assessing Techniques for Analysis of Natural
     Language Use},
  institution = {Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at
     Urbana-Champaign},
  number = {UIUC-BI-CS-94-08},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Champaigne, Illinois},
  topic = {linguistics-methodology;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ green_gm:1996a,
  author = {Georgia M. Green},
  title = {Pragmatics and Natural Language Understanding},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1996},
  edition = {2},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  topic = {pragmatics-survey;}  
 } 

@incollection{ green_gm:1996b,
  author = {Georgia M. Green},
  title = {Ambiguity Resolution and Discourse Interpretation},
  booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters},
  pages = {1--26},
  topic = {discourse;nl-interpretation;ambiguity;nl-polysemy;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ green_gm:1996c,
  author = {Georgia M. Green},
  title = {Ambiguity Resolution and Discourse Interpretation},
  booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {ambiguity;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ green_gm:1996d,
  author = {Georgia M. Green},
  title = {The structure of {CONTEXT}: The representation of
     pragmatic restrictions in {HPSG}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th annual meeting
     of the {F}ormal {L}inguistics {S}ociety of the {M}idwest},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {James Yoon},
  publisher = {Studies in the Linguistic Sciences},
  missinginfo = {pages,address},
  topic = {context;pragmatics;HPSG;}  
  } 

@article{ green_l:2000a,
  author = {Lisa Green},
  title = {Aspectual {\it be}-Type Constructions and Coercion
  	in {A}frican {A}merican {E}nglish},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--225},
  topic = {generics;i-level/s-level;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ green_ms-hitchcock:1991a,
  author = {Mitchell S. Green and Christopher Hitchcock},
  title = {Reflection on Reflection: van {F}raassen on Belief},
  year = {1991},
  note = {Unpublished MS, Department of Philosophy, University of
  	Pittsburgh.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-belief;belief;}  
  } 

@article{ green_ms:1995a,
  author = {Mitchell S. Green},
  title = {Quantity, Volubility, and some Varieties of Discourse},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {83--112},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ green_ms:2000a,
  author = {Mitchell S. Green},
  title = {The Status of Supposition},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {34},
  number = {3},
  pages = {376--399},
  topic = {supposing;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@article{ green_ms:2000b,
  author = {Mitchell S. Green},
  title = {Illocutionary Force and Semantic Content},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {5},
  pages = {435--473},
  topic = {speech-acts;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ green_n:2001a,
  author = {Nancy Green},
  title = {Review of {\it Presumptive Meanings}, by {S}teven {C}. 
  	{L}evinson},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {462--463},
  xref = {Review of: levinson_sc:2001a.},
  topic = {implicature;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ green_nl:1990a,
  author = {Nancy L. Green},
  title = {Normal State Implicature},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Robert C. Berwick},
  pages = {89--96},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ green_nl-carberry_s:1992a,
  author = {Nancy L. Green and Sandra Carberry},
  title = {Conversational Implicatures in Indirect Replies},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Henry S. Thompson},
  pages = {64--71},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ green_nl-carberry_s:1994a,
  author = {Nancy L. Green and Sandra Carberry},
  title = {A Hybrid Reasoning Model for Indirect Answers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky},
  pages = {58--65},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-generation;discourse;implicature;
  	pragmatics;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ green_nl:1995a,
  author = {Nancy L. Green},
  title = {Normal State Implicature},
  school = {Department of Computer Science, University of Delaware},
  year = {1995},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-generation;discourse;implicature;
  	pragmatics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ green_nl-lehman:1996a,
  author = {Nancy L. Green and Jill Fain Lehman},
  title = {Compiling Knowledge for Dialogue Generation and
  	Interpretation},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, School of Computer Science,
  	Carnegie Mellon University.},
  topic = {nl-soar;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ green_nl-etal:1997a,
  author = {Nancy L. Green and Stephen Kerpedjiev and Giuseppe Carenini
		and Johanna D. Moore},
  title = {Media-Independent Communicative Actions in Integrated Text
  	and Graphics Generation},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative
		Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {43--50},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {David Traum},
  topic = {speech-acts;discourse;nl-generation;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ green_nl-etal:1998a,
  author = {Nancy L. Green and Giuseppe Carenini and Johanna Moore},
  title = {A Principled Representation of Attributive
		Descriptions for Generating Integrated Text and
		Information Graphics Presentations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {18--27},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {NL-generation;multimedia-generation;graphics-generation;
  	referring-expressions;}  
  } 

@article{ green_nl-carberry_s:1999a,
  author = {Nancy L. Green and Sandra Carberry},
  title = {Interpreting and Generating Indirect Answers},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {3},
  pages = {389--435},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-generation;discourse;implicature;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ green_nl:2001a,
  author = {Nancy L. Green},
  title = {Review of {\it Presumptive Meanings}, by 
  	{S}teven {C}. {L}evinson},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {462--463},
  xref = {Review of: levinson_sc:2001a.},
  topic = {implicature;}  
  } 

@incollection{ green_oh:1986a,
  author = {O.H. Green},
  title = {Actions, Emotions, and Desires},
  booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical
  	Psychology on the Concept of Wanting},
  publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joel Marks},
  pages = {115--131},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {desire;emotion;action;philosophical-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ green_sj:1998a,
  author = {Stephen J. Green},
  title = {Automatically Generating Hypertext in Newspaper Articles
  		by Computing Semantic Relatedness},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in 
  	Language Processing and Computational Natural Language
	Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {David M.W. Powers},
  pages = {101--110},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;semantic-similarity;content-tagging;}  
  } 

@book{ greenaway-etal:1991a,
  editor = {David Greenaway and Michael Bleaney and Ian Stewart},
  title = {Companion to Contemporary Economic Thought},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1991},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415026121},
  topic = {economics-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ greene:1972a,
  author = {Judith Greene},
  title = {Psycholinguistics: {C}homsky and Psychology},
  publisher = {Penguin Books},
  year = {1972},
  address = {Hammondsworth},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;competence;}  
 } 

@article{ greene_rl:1991a,
  author = {Ronald L. Greene},
  title = {Connectionist Hashed Associative Memory},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {48},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--98},
  topic = {memory-models;}  
  } 

@article{ greene_rl:1994a,
  author = {Ronald L. Greene},
  title = {Efficient Retrieval from Sparse Associative Memory},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {66},
  number = {2},
  pages = {395--410},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Best-match retrieval of data from memory which is sparse in
     feature space is a time-consuming process for sequential
     machines.  Previous work on this problem has shown that a
     connectionist network used as a hashing function can allow
     faster-than-linear probabilistic retrieval from such memory when
     presented with probing feature vectors which are noisy or
     partially specified.  This paper introduces two simple
     modifications to the basic Connectionist-Hashed Associative
     Memory which together can improve the retrieval efficiency by an
     order of magnitude or more.  Theoretical results are presented
     for storage/retrieval of memory items represented by feature
     vectors made up of 1000 randomly selected bivalent components.
     Experimental results on correlated feature vectors are presented
     in the context of a spelling correction application.  } ,
  topic = {memory-models;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@article{ greenspan:1975a,
  author = {Patricia Greenspan},
  title = {Conditional Oughts and Hypothetical Imperatives},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {72},
  pages = {259--276},
  topic = {conditional-obligation;}  
    } 

@article{ greenspan:1976a,
  author = {Patricia Greenspan},
  title = {Wiggins on Historical Inevitability and Incompatibilism},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {235--247},
  topic = {freedom;(in)determinism;}  
    } 

@article{ greenspan:1978a,
  author = {Patricia S. Greenspan},
  title = {Oughts and Determinism: A Response to {G}oldman},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {77},
  number = {1},
  pages = {77--83},
  title = {Emotions, Reasons, and `Self-Involvement'\, } ,
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {38},
  pages = {161--168},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {emotion;ethics;}  
  } 

@book{ greenwald-etal:1968a,
  editor = {Anthony G. Greenwald and Timothy C. Brock and
  	Thomas M. Ostrom},
  title = {Psychological Foundations of Attitudes},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1968},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0080436455 (hardcover)},
  topic = {attitudes-in-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ greer:2000a,
  author = {Kieran Greer},
  title = {Computer Chess Move-Ordering Schemes Using Move
  	Influence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {120},
  number = {2},
  pages = {235--250},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The chessmaps heuristic is a pattern-oriented approach to
     ordering moves for the game of chess. It uses a neural network
     to learn a relation between the control of the squares and the
     influence of a move. Depending on what squares a player
     controls, the chessmaps heuristic tries to determine where the
     important areas of the chessboard are. Moves that influence
     these important areas are then ordered first. The heuristic has
     been incorporated into a move-ordering algorithm that also takes
     account of immediate tactical threats. Human players also rely
     strongly on patterns when selecting moves, but would also
     consider immediate tactical threats, so this move-ordering
     algorithm is an attempt to mimic something of the human thought
     process when selecting a move.  This paper presents a new
     definition for the influence of a move, which improves the
     performance of the heuristic.  It also presents a new
     experience-based approach to determining what areas of the
     chessboard are important, which may actually be preferred to the
     chessmaps heuristic. The results from game-tree searches suggest
     that the move-ordering algorithm could compete with the current
     best alternative of using the history heuristic with capture
     moves in a brute-force search.
  } ,
  topic = {computer-chess;search;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grefe:1998a,
  author = {Carsten Grefe},
  title = {Fischer {S}ervi's Intuitionistic Modal Logic
     		Has the Finite Model Property},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {85--98},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;intuitionistic-logic;finite-model-property;}  
  } 

@article{ gregg:1967a,
  author = {John R. Gregg},
  title = {Finite {L}innaean Structures},
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Biophysics},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {191--206},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {natural-kinds;philosophy-of-biology;taxonomies;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ gregoire:1989a,
  author = {Eric Gr\'{e}goire},
  title = {Logiques Non Monotones, Programmes Logiques Stratifi\'{e} 
    	     et Th\'{e}ories Sceptiques de l'H\'{e}ritage},
  school = {Universit\'{e} de Louvain, Belgium},
  year = {1989},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;nonmonotonic-logic;
         stratified-logic-programs;}  
    } 

@inproceedings{ gregoire:1989b,
  author = {Eric Gr\'{e}goire},
  title = {Skeptical Theories of Inheritance and Nonmonotonic Logics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth International
                 Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems},
  editor = {Zbigniew Ras},
  publisher = {North Holland},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {430--438},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
    } 

@techreport{ gregoire:1990a,
  author = {Eric Gr\'egoire},
  title = {about the Logical Interpretation of Ambiguous Inheritance
  	Hierarchies},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  number = {CS--TR--2452},
  year = {1990},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@techreport{ gregoire:1990b,
  author = {Eric Gr\'egoire},
  title = {Skeptical Inheritance Can Be More Expressive},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  number = {CS--TR--90--74},
  year = {1990},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gregoire:1991a,
  author = {Eric Gr\'egoire},
  title = {Formalizing Pertinance Links in Inheritance Reasoning:
  	Preliminary Report},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {190--187},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ gregory:2001a,
  author = {Dominic Gregory},
  title = {Completeness and Decidability Results for Some
  	Propositional Modal Logics Containing `Actually' Operators},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--78},
  topic = {completeness-theorems;modal-logic;actuality;}  
  } 

@book{ gregory_h:2000a,
  author = {Howard Gregory},
  title = {Semantics},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {2000},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {041521610-9 (paperback)},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gregory_r:1994a,
  author = {Richard Gregory},
  title = {Seeing Intelligence},
  booktitle = {What is Intelligence?},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2994},
  editor = {Jean Khalfa},
  pages = {13--26},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {vision;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ greiner:1988a,
  author = {Russell Greiner},
  title = {Learning by Understanding Analogies},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {1},
  pages = {81--125},
  topic = {machine-learning;analogy;}  
  } 

@article{ greiner-etal:1989a,
  author = {Russell Greiner and Barbara A. Smith and Ralph W. Wilkerson},
  title = {A Correction to the Algorithm in {R}eiter's Theory of
  	Diagnosis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {41},
  number = {1},
  pages = {79--88},
  xref = {Commentary on reiter_r:1987a1.},
  topic = {diagnosis;}  
  } 

@article{ greiner:1991a,
  author = {Russell Greiner},
  title = {Finding Optimal Derivation Strategies in Redundant
  	Knowledge Bases},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {50},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--115},
  acontentnote = {Abstract: A backward chaining process uses a collection
     of rules to reduce a given goal to a sequence of database
     retrievals.  A ``derivation strategy'' is an ordering on these
     steps, specifying when to use each rule and when to perform each
     retrieval.  Given the costs of reductions and retrievals, and
     the {\em a priori} likelihood that each particular retrieval
     will succeed, one can compute the {\em expected cost} of any
     strategy, for answering a specific query from a given knowledge
     base.  Smith [19] presents an algorithm that finds the minimal
     cost strategy in time (essentially) linear in the number of
     rules, for any disjunctive, irredundant knowledge base.  This
     paper proves that the addition of redundancies renders this task
     NP-hard.  Many Explanation-Based Learning systems work by adding
     in redundancies; this shows the complexities inherent in their
     task.
 } ,
  topic = {databases;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ greiner-orponen:1991a,
  author = {Russell Greiner and Pekka Orponen},
  title = {Probably Approximately Optimal Derivation Strategies},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {277--288},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;search;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ greiner:1992a,
  author = {Russell Greiner},
  title = {Learning Useful {H}orn Approximations},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {383--392},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {rule-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ greiner:1996a,
  author = {Russell Greiner},
  title = {{PALO}: A Probabilistic Hill-Climbing Algorithm},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {84},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {177--208},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Many learning systems search through a space of possible
     performance elements, seeking an element whose expected utility,
     over the distribution of problems, is high.  As the task of
     finding the globally optimal element is often intractable, many
     practical learning systems instead hill-climb to a local
     optimum.  Unfortunately, even this is problematic as the learner
     typically does not know the underlying distribution of problems,
     which it needs to determine an element's expected utility.  This
     paper addresses the task of approximating this hill-climbing
     search when the utility function can only be estimated by
     sampling.  We present a general algorithm, PALO, that returns an
     element that is, with provably high probability, essentially a
     local optimum.  We then demonstrate the generality of this
     algorithm by presenting three distinct applications that
     respectively find an element whose efficiency, accuracy or
     completeness is nearly optimal.  These results suggest
     approaches to solving the utility problem from explanation-based
     learning, the multiple extension problem from nonmonotonic
     reasoning and the tractability/completeness tradeoff problem
     from knowledge representation.  } ,
  topic = {machine-learning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;default-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ greiner-orponen:1996a,
  author = {Russell Greiner and Pekka Orponen},
  title = {Probably Approximately Optimal Satisficing Strategies},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {82},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {21--44},
  topic = {resource-limited-reasoning;search;}  
  } 

@article{ greiner-etal:1997a,
  author = {Russell Greiner and Adam J. Grove and Alexander Kogan},
  title = {Knowing What Doesn't Matter: Exploiting the Omission
		of Irrelevant Data},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {97},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {345--380},
  topic = {relevance;diagnosis;}  
  } 

@article{ greiner:1999a,
  author = {Russell Greiner},
  title = {The Complexity of Theory Revision},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {107},
  number = {2},
  pages = {175--217},
  topic = {belief-revision;kr-complexity-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ greiner-etal:2002a,
  author = {Russell Greiner and Adam J. Grove and Dan Roth},
  title = {Learning Cost-Sensitive Active Classifiers},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {139},
  number = {2},
  pages = {137--174},
  topic = {PAC-learnability;decision-theory;machine-learning;} 
  } 

@incollection{ grice:1962a,
  author = {H. Paul Grice},
  title = {Some Remarks about the Senses},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series},
  publisher = {Barnes and Noble},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {133--153},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {philosophy-of-sensation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grice_gp:1986a,
  author = {H. Paul Grice},
  title = {Reply to {R}ichards},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {45--106},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;implicature;speaker-meaning;
  	Grice;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grice_gr:1978a,
  author = {G.R. Grice},
  title = {Motive and Reason},
  booktitle = {Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Joseph Raz},
  pages = {168--177},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {reasons-for-action;motivation;}  
  } 

@article{ grice_hp-strawson_pf:1956a,
  author = {H. Paul Grice and Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {In Defense of a Dogma},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1956},
  volume = {65},
  number = {2},
  pages = {141--158},
  title = {Meaning},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1957},
  volume = {66},
  pages = {377--388},
  note = {Republished in H.P. Grice, Studies in the Way of Words,
  	Harvard University Press, 1989.},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grice_hp:1957a2,
  author = {H. Paul Grice},
  title = {Meaning},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {53--65},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Original publication: grice:1957a1.},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ grice_hp:1961a,
  author = {H. Paul Grice},
  title = {The Causal Theory of Perception},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1961},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {121--152},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {phenomenalism;implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ grice_hp:1967a1,
  author = {H. Paul Grice},
  title = {Logic and Conversation},
  year = {1967},
  note = {(The William James Lectures, delivered at Harvard University in
  	1967, and thereafter distributed in unpublished form for many
	years.  Portions published in 1975 and 1978.  The whole published,
	with revisions, in 1989; see \cite{grice_hp:1989a}.)},
  xref = {Republications: grice_hp:1967a2.},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grice_hp:1967a2,
  author = {H. Paul Grice},
  title = {Logic and Conversation},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {64--75},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Original Appearance: grice_hp:1967a1.},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ grice_hp:1968a,
  author = {H. Paul Grice},
  title = {Utterer's Meaning, Sentence-Meaning, and Word-Meaning},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {225--242},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ grice_hp:1969a,
  author = {H. Paul Grice},
  title = {Utterer's Meaning and Intentions},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {78},
  pages = {147--177},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ grice_hp:1970a,
  author = {H. Paul Grice},
  title = {Probability, Desirability, and Mood Operators},
  year = {1970},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.},
  topic = {desire;evaluative-terms;nl-mood;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ grice_hp:1970b,
  author = {H. Paul Grice},
  title = {Some Reflections about Ends and Happiness},
  year = {1970},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.},
  topic = {desire;}  
  } 

@article{ grice_hp:1971a,
  author = {H. Paul Grice},
  title = {Intention and Uncertainty},
  journal = {Proceedings of the British Academy},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {57},
  pages = {263--279},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {intention;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grice_hp:1975a1,
  author = {H. Paul Grice},
  title = {Logic and Conversation},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Peter Cole and Jerry Morgan},
  pages = {64--75},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Also in grice:1975a1},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grice_hp:1975a2,
  author = {H. Paul Grice},
  title = {Logic and Conversation},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert Harman},
  pages = {64--75},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Also in grice:1975a1},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grice_hp:1978a,
  author = {H. Paul Grice},
  title = {Further Notes on Logic and Conversation},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {113--127},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grice_hp:1981a,
  author = {H. Paul Grice},
  title = {Presupposition and Conversational Implicature},
  booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {183--198},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {pragmatics;implicature;presupposition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grice_hp:1982a,
  author = {H. Paul Grice},
  title = {Meaning Revisited},
  booktitle = {Mutual Knowledge},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {N.V. Smith},
  pages = {223--243},
  address = {London},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ grice_hp:1989a,
  author = {H. Paul Grice},
  title = {Studies in the Way of Words},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: neale:1992a.},
  topic = {implicature;speaker-meaning;philosophy-of-language;
  	pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ grice_hp:2001a,
  author = {H. Paul Grice},
  title = {Aspects of Reason},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {019824252-2},
  topic = {philosophy-of-reasoning;philosophical-psychology;
  	practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ griffin:2001a,
  author = {Nicholas Griffin},
  title = {Review of {\it {B}ertrand {R}ussell on Modality and
  	Logical Relevance}, by Jan Dejno\v{z}ka},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {289--294},
  xref = {Review of: dejnozka:1999a.},
  topic = {Russell;modal-logic;modality;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ griffith_ak:1974a,
  author = {Arnold K. Griffith},
  title = {A Comparison and Evaluation of Three Machine Learning
  	Procedures as Applied to the Game of Checkers},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {137--148},
  topic = {fame-playing;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ griffith_n-todd:1999a,
  editor = {Niall Griffith and Peter M. Todd},
  title = {Musical Networks: Parallel Distributed Perception and
    Performance},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262071819 (hardcover)},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Ian Taylor and Mike Greenhough, "Modelling Pitch Perception
		with Adaptive Resonance Theory Artificial Neural Networks"
	2. Niall Griffith, "Development of tonal centres and abstract
	      pitch as categorizations of pitch use"
	3. Michael A. Casey, "Understanding musical sound with
	      forward models and physical models"
	4. Edward W. Large and John F. Kolen, "Resonance and the
	      perception of musical meter"
	5. Stephen W. Smoliar, "Modeling musical perception: a critical
		view"
    	6. S.W. Peter Desain and Henkjan Honing, "Reply to Smoliar's
		'Modelling Musical Perception: A Critical View'"
	7. Stephen Grossberg, "Pitch-based streaming in auditory
		perception"
       10. Robert O. Gjerdingen, "Apparent motion in music?"
       11. Michael P.A. Page, "Modelling the perception
       		of musical sequences with self-organizing neural
		networks"
       12. Bruce F. Katz, "Ear for melody"
       13. Michael C. Mozer, "Neural network music composition by
       		prediction : exploring the benefits of psychoacoustic
		contraints and multi-scale processing"
       14. Matthew I. Bellgard and C.P. Tsang, "Harmonizing music the
       		Boltzmann way"
       15. Edward W. Large and Caroline Palmer and Jordan B. Pollack,
       		"Reduced memory representations for music"
       16. Peter M. Todd and Gregory M. Werner, "Frankensteinian
       		methods for evolutionary music composition"
       17. Shumeet Baluja, Dean Pomerleau and Todd Jochem, "Towards
       		automated artificial evolution for computer-generated
		images"
       18.  Garrison W. Cottrell, "Connectionist air guitar: a dream
       		come true"
   } ,
  topic = {AI-and-music;connectionist-models;connectionism;}  
 } 

@book{ griffiths_pe:1997a,
  author = {Paul E. Griffiths},
  title = {What Emotions Really Are},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {emotion;}  
 } 

@book{ griffor:1998a,
  editor = {Edward R. Griffor},
  title = {Handbook of Computability Theory},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0-444-898824-4},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. R.I. Soare, "The History and Concept of Computability",
     2. D. Cenzer, "01 Classes of Recursion Theory"
     3. P. Oddifreddi, "Reducibility"
     4. S.B. Cooper, "Local Degree Theory"
     5. T.A. Slaman, "The Global Structure of the {T}uring
     		Degrees",
     6. R.A. Shore, "The Recursively Enumerable Degrees"
     7. R.I. Soare, "An Overview of the Computably Enumerable Sets"
     8. D. Normann, "The Continuous Functionals"
     9. C.T. Chong and S.D. Friedman, "Ordinal Recursion Theory"
    10. G.E. Sacks, "E-Recursion"
    11. P.G. Hinman, "Recursion on Abstract Structures"
    12. V. Stoltenberg-Hansen and J.V. Tucker, "Computable Rings
    		and Fields"
    13. M.B. Pour-El, "The Structure of Computability"
    14. Y.I. Ershov, "Theory of Numberings"
    15. T.S. Millar, "Pure Recursive Model Theory"
    16. H. Schwichtenberg, "Classifying Recursive Functions"
    17. P. Clote, "Computation Models and Function Algebras"
    18. K. Ambros-Spies, "Polynomial Time Reducibilites and
    		Degrees"
  	},
  topic = {computability;recursion-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ grifton:1996a,
  author = {Peter Grifton},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {43--44},
  note = {To two essays by {A}rhur {P}rior on Temporal Realism},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {temporal-logic;Prior;}  
  } 

@article{ grim:1984a,
  author = {Patrick Grim},
  title = {There is No Set of All Truths},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1984},
  missinginfo = {number, volume, pages},
  topic = {foundations-of-possible-worlds;intensional-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@book{ grim-merrill:1988a,
  editor = {Robert Grimm and D. Merrill},
  title = {Contents of Thought},
  publisher = {University of Arizona Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Tucson, Arizona},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;}  
 } 

@book{ grim-etal:1998a,
  editor = {Patrick Grim and Gary Mat and Paul {St. Denis} 
		and the Group for Logic and Formal Semantics},
  title = {The Philosophical Computer: Exploratory Essays in
  	Philosophical Computer Modeling},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: hajek_p:2000a.},
  topic = {philosophy-education;computational-philosophy;}  
 } 

@article{ grim:1999a,
  author = {Patrick Grim},
  title = {Review of {\it A First Course in Fuzzy Logic},
  	by {H}ung {T}. {N}guyen and {E}lbert {A}. {W}alker},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {439--441},
  xref = {Review of: nguyen-walker_ea:1997a.},
  topic = {fuzzy-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ grim:2001a,
  author = {Patrick Grim},
  title = {Review of {\it Language, Proof and Logic,} by {J}on
  	{B}arwise and {J}ohn {E}tchemendy},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {377--379},
  xref = {Review of barwise-etchemendy:1999a.},
  topic = {logic-intro;logic-courseware;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ grimes:1975a,
  author = {Joseph E. Grimes},
  title = {The Thread of Discourse},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1972},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
} 

@unpublished{ grimm:1978a,
  author = {Robert Grimm},
  title = {Quantifiers, Singular Terms, and Sentences about
		Believing},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Oberlin College},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {reference;belief;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ grimshaw:1987a,
  author = {Jane Grimshaw},
  title = {Unaccusatives: An Overview},
  booktitle = {{NELS 17}: Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference of the
  	{N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Joyce McDonough and B. Plunkett},
  publisher = {GLSA Publications},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {unaccusatives;}  
  } 

@book{ grimshaw:1990a,
  author = {Jane Grimshaw},
  title = {Argument Structure},
  publisher = {{MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {argument-structure;}  
 } 

@incollection{ grimshaw-vikner:1993a,
  author = {Jane Grimshaw and Sten Vikner},
  title = {Obligatory Adjuncts and the Structure of Events},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {II}, Lexical and Conceptual
  	Structure},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Werner Abraham},
  pages = {143--155},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {events;argument-structure;adjuncts;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grimshaw-williams_e:1993a,
  author = {Jane Grimshaw and Edwin Williams},
  title = {Nominalization and Predicative Prepositional Phrases},
  booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  pages = {97--105},
  topic = {nominalization;}  
  } 

@book{ grimson-patil:1987a,
  editor = {W. Eric L. Grimson and Ramesh Patil},
  title = {{AI} in the 1980s and Beyond: An {MIT} Survey},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
 } 

@article{ grishman-hirschman:1978a,
  author = {Ralph Grishman and Lynette Hirschman},
  title = {Question Answering from Natural Language Medical Data
  	Bases},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {25--43},
  topic = {question-answering;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@book{ grishman:1986a,
  author = {Ralph Grishman},
  title = {Computational Linguistics: An Introduction},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nlp-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ groenendijk-stokhof:1975a,
  author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof},
  title = {Modality and Conversational Information},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1/2},
  pages = {61--122},
  topic = {nl-modality;}  
  } 

@book{ groenendijk-stokhof:1976a,
  editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof},
  title = {Proceedings of the {A}msterdam Colloquium On {M}ontague
  	Grammar and Related Topics, January 1976},
  publisher = {Centrale Interfaculteit, Universiteit van Amsterdam},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {079234376X (hc : acid-free paper)},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ groenendijk-stokhof:1980a,
  author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof},
  title = {A Pragmatic Analysis of Specificity},
  booktitle = {Ambiguities in Intensional Contexts},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1980},
  editor = {Frank Heny},
  pages = {153--190},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {specificity;definiteness;intensionality;}  
  } 

@book{ groenendijk-etal:1981a,
  editor = {Jeroen A.G. Groenendijk and Theo M.V. Janssen and Martin
  	B.J. Stokhof},
  title = {Formal Methods in the Study of Language: Proceedings of the
  	3rd {A}msterdam {C}olloquium on Formal Methods in the Study of 
	Language},
  publisher = {Mathematisch Centrum},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {9061962110},
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ groenendijk-stokhof:1982a,
  author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof},
  title = {Semantic Analysis of Wh-Complements},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {175--234},
  topic = {nl-semantics;relative-clauses;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@book{ groenendijk-etal:1984a,
  editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Theo M.V. Janssen and Martin Stokhof},
  title = {Truth, Interpretation, and Information: Selected Papers
  	from the Third {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9067650013},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ groenendijk-stokhof:1984a,
  author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof},
  title = {On the Semantics of Questions and the Pragmatics of
  	Answers},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {143--170},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@book{ groenendijk-etal:1986a,
  editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof},
  title = {Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of
                   Generalized Quantifiers},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9067652660},
  ISBN = {9067652679 (pbk.)},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ groenendijk-etal:1986b,
  editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof},
  title = {Foundations of Pragmatics and Lexical Semantics: Selection
  	of Papers Presented at the Fifth {A}msterdam {C}olloquium, 
	{A}ugust, 1984},
  publisher = {Foris},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9067652652 (pbk.)},
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ groenendijk-etal:1987a,
  editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof and Frank Veltman},
  title = {Proceedings of the Sixth {A}msterdam Colloquium April 13--16 1987},
  publisher = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information,
    University of Amsterdam},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0937073555 (v. 1)},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
} 

@techreport{ groenendijk-stokhof:1987a,
  author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof},
  title = {Type-Shifting Rules and The Semantics of Interrogatives},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {87-01},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland } ,
  topic = {interrogatives;nl-semantic-types;}  
  } 

@incollection{ groenendijk-stokhof:1988a,
  author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof},
  title = {Shifting Rules and the Semantics of Interrogatives},
  booktitle = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vol. 2},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  pages = {21--68},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;polymorphism;nl-semantic-types;}  
  } 

@techreport{ groenendijk-stokhof:1988b,
  author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof},
  title = {Context and Information in Dynamic Semantics},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--88--08},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {context;dynamic-semantics;dynamic-logic;information-flow-theory;}  
  } 

@techreport{ groenendijk-stokhof:1991a,
  author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof},
  title = {Dynamic {M}ontague Grammar},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--90--02},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ groenendijk-stokhof:1991b,
  author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof},
  title = {Dynamic Predicate Logic},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39--100},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;dynamic-predicate-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ groenendijk-etal:1995a,
  author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof and Frank Veltman},
  title = {Coreference and Contextually Resticted Quantifiers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {112--129},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quanfifiers;anaphora;}  
  } 

@incollection{ groenendijk-etal:1996a,
  author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stockhof and Frank Veltman},
  title = {Coreference and Modality},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {179--213},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ groenendijk-stokhof:2001a,
  author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof},
  title = {Meaning in Motion},
  year = {2000},
  note = {Available at http://turing.wins.uva.nl/~stokhof/.},
  topic = {dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ groeneveld:1994a,
  author = {Willem Groeneveld},
  title = {Dynamic Semantics and Circular Propositions},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {267--306},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ groenink:1997a,
  author = {Annius V. Groenink},
  title = {Mild Context-Sensitivity and Tuple-Based Generalizations
		of Context-Grammar},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {6},
  pages = {607--636},
  topic = {extensions-of-context-free-grammar;grammar-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gropen-etal:1992a,
  author = {Jess Gropen and Steven Pinker and Michelle Hollander and
  	Richard Goldberg},
  title = {Affectedness and Direct Objects: The Role of Lexical
  	Semantics in the Acquisition of Verb Argument Structure},
  booktitle = {Lexical and Conceptual Semantics},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Beth Levin and Steven Pinker},
  pages = {153--195},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {argument-structure;thematic-roles;verb-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ grosof:1990a,
  author = {Benjamin N. Grosof},
  title = {Monotoniticies of Updating},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;belief-revision;} 
  } 

@techreport{ gross_d-etal:1989a,
  author = {Derek Gross and Judy Kegl and Patricia Gildea and
		George A. Miller},
  title = {A Coded Corpus and Commentary on Children's Dictionary
		Strategies},
  institution = {Cognitive Science Laboratory, Princeton University},
  number = {CSL Report 39},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  topic = {word-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ gross_pr-levitt_n:1994a,
  author = {Paul R. Gross and Norman Levitt},
  title = {Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and
  	Its Quarrels with Science},
  publisher = {Johns Hopkins Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Baltimore},
  ISBN = {0801847664 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {academic-politics;science-and-contemporary-culture;
  	social-constructivism;}  
 } 

@book{ gross_pr-etal:1996a,
  editor = {Paul R. Gross and Norman Levitt and Martin W. Lewis},
  title = {The Flight from Science and Reason},
  publisher = {The New York Academy of Sciences},
  year = {1996},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {1573310026},
  topic = {creationism;fundamentalism;}  
 } 

@incollection{ grosse:1994a,
  author = {Gerd Grosse},
  title = {Propositional State Event Logic},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {concurrent-actions;action-effects;causality;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grossof:1991a,
  author = {Benjamin N. Grosof},
  title = {Generalizing Prioritization},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {289--300},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;circumscription;nonmonotonic-prioritization;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ grosu:1973a,
  author = {Alexander Grosu},
  title = {A Note on Implicatures, Invited Inferences, and Syntactic Form},
  journal = {Die {S}prache},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {1973},
  pages = {59--61},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ grosu-landman:1998a,
  author = {Alexander Grosu and Fred Landman},
  title = {Strange Relatives of the Third Kind},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {125--170},
  topic = {relative-clauses;nl-semantics;comparative-constructions;
  	measurement-theory;}  
  } 

@techreport{ grosz:1977a,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz},
  title = {The Representation and Use of Focus in Dialogue
  	Understanding},
  institution = {SRI International},
  number = {Technical Note 151},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;discourse-referents;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grosz:1978a,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz},
  title = {Discourse},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {229--234},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;focus;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grosz:1978b,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz},
  title = {Discourse Analysis},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {235--268 } ,
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;focus;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grosz:1978c,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz},
  title = {Focus Spaces: A Representation of
    		the Focus of Attention of a Dialog},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {269--285},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;focus;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grosz:1978d,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz},
  title = {Resolving Definite Noun Phrases},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {287--298},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;reference-resolution;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grosz:1978e,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz},
  title = {Shifting Focus},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {299--314},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;focus;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grosz:1978f,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz},
  title = {Ellipsis},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {315--337},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;ellipsis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grosz:1978g,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz},
  title = {Discourse: Recapitulation and a Look Ahead},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {339--344},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@article{ grosz:1982a,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz},
  title = {Natural Language Processing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {131--136},
  topic = {nl-processing;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ grosz-etal:1982a,
  author = {Barbara Grosz and Norman Haas and Gary Hendrix and Jerry
  	Hobbs and Paul Martin and Robert Moore and Jane Robinson and
	Stanley Rosenschein},
  title = {{DIALOGIC:} A Core Natural-Language Processing System},
  booktitle = {COLING 82},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {J. Horeck\'y},
  pages = {95--100},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name, Full Proceedings Title},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ grosz-etal:1983a,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Arivind K. Joshi and Scott Weinstein},
  title = {Providing a Unified Account of Definite Noun Phrases in
  	Discourse},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {44--50},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  missinginfo = {address, editor},
  contentnote = {This is the original paper on centering theory.},
  xref = {Revised, extended version of centering:  grosz-etal:1995a.},
  topic = {definiteness;discourse;centering;anaphora;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ grosz:1985a,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz},
  title = {Natural-Language Processing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--4},
  topic = {nl-processing;}  
  } 

@book{ grosz-etal:1986a,
  editor = {Barbara G. Grosz and Karen Sparck-Jones and Bonnie L. Webber},
  title = {Readings in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  ISBN = {0934613117},
  topic = {nlp-intro;nlp-survey;}  
 } 

@article{ grosz-sidner_cl:1986a,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Candice L. Sidner},
  title = {Attention, Intentions, and the Structure of Discourse},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {175--204},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {discourse;discourse-intentions;nl-interpretation;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ grosz-etal:1987a,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Douglas E.  Appelt and Paul A.
  	Martin and Fernando C.N. Pereira},
  title = {{TEAM}: An Experiment in the Design of Transportable
  	Natural-Language Interfaces},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {32},
  number = {2},
  pages = {173--243},
  topic = {nl-interfaces;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ grosz-sidner_cl:1988a,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Candace L. Sidner},
  title = {Distributed Know-How and Active: Research on
  	Collaborative Planning},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Harvard University},
  topic = {sharedplans;collaboration;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grosz-etal:1989a,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Martha E. Pollack and Candace L. Sidner},
  title = {Discourse},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {11},
  pages = {437--468},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {discourse-survey;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grosz-sidner_cl:1990a,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Candace L. Sidner},
  title = {Plans for Discourse},
  booktitle = {Intentions in Plans and Communication},
  editor = {Philip Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack},
  year = {1990},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  pages = {417--444},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {discourse-planning;group-planning;group-plans;
           plan-recognition;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ grosz-kraus:1993a,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Sarit Kraus},
  title = {Collaborative Plans for Group Activities},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {367--373},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {planning;group-plans;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grosz:1994a,
  author = {Barbara Grosz},
  title = {Utterance and Objective: Issues in Natural Language
  	Computation},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {21--39},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {nlp-survey;discourse;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ grosz:1995a,
  author = {Barbara Grosz},
  title = {Essential Ambiguity:  The Role of Context in
		Natural-Language Processing},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  pages = {1},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  note = {Abstract.},
  topic = {context;ambiguity;}  
  } 

@article{ grosz-etal:1995a,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Arivind Joshi and Scott Weinstein},
  title = {Centering: A Framework for Modeling the Local Coherence of
  	Discourse},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {227--253},
  xref = {Original centering paper: grosz-etal:1983a.},
  topic = {anaphora;discourse-coherence;discourse;
  	anaphora-resolution;centering;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ grosz-kraus:1995a1,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Sarit Kraus},
  title = {Collaborative Plans for Complex Group Action},
  institution = {Center for Research in Computing Technology,
  	Harvard University},
  number = {TR--20--95},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Journal publication: kraus:1995a2.},
  topic = {sharedplans;}  
  } 

@article{ grosz-kraus:1995a2,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Sarit Kraus},
  title = {Collaborative Plans for Complex Group Action},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {86},
  number = {2},
  pages = {269--357},
  topic = {sharedplans;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grosz-sidner_cl:1997a,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Candace L. Sidner},
  title = {Lost Intuitions and Forgotten Intentions},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {39--51},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {This is a survey of work in centering theory; the
  	title refers to the original intuitions and intentions
	behind the theory.},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;centering;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grosz-ziv:1997a,
  author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Yale Ziv},
  title = {Centering, Global Focus, and Right Dislocation},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {293--307},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;centering;}  
  } 

@article{ grosz-etal:1999a,
  author = {Barbara Grosz and Luke Hunsberger and Sarit Kraus},
  title = {Planning and Acting Together},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {23--34},
  topic = {sharedplans;multiagent-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ grosz-gordon_pc:1999a,
  author = {Barbara Grosz and Peter C. Gordon},
  title = {Conceptions of Limited Attention and Discouse
  	Focus},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {25},
  number = {4},
  pages = {617--624},
  topic = {attention;attentional-state;discourse-focus;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grote:1998a,
  author = {Brigitte Grote},
  title = {Representing Temporal Discourse Markers
		for Generation Purposes},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {28--35},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grote-stede:1998a,
  author = {Brigitte Grote and Manfred Stede},
  title = {Discourse Marker Choice in Sentence Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {128--137},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-cue-words;}  
  } 

@article{ grove:1988a,
  author = {Adam Grove},
  title = {Two Modelings for Theory Change},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {157--170},
  contentnote = {Semantics for AGM.},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grove-halpern:1991a,
  author = {Adam J. Grove and Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Naming and Identity in a Multi-Agent Epistemic Logic},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {301--312},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;epistemic-logic;individuation;
		quantification-in-modality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grove:1992a,
  author = {Adam J. Grove},
  title = {Semantics for Knowledge and Communication},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {213--224},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {multiagent-systems;epistemic-logic;communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@article{ grove-etal:1994a,
  author = {Adam J. Grove and Joseph Y. Halpern and Daphne Koller},
  title = {Random Worlds and Maximum Entropy},
  journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {33--88},
  contentnote = {Discusses the random-worlds method for computing a
     degree of belief in Phi given KB.  In monadic case
     there is a natural association of an entropy with
     each world. As N grows larger, there are many more worlds
     with higher entropy. So use a maximum-entropy computation to
     compute the degree of belief.  The methods don't appear to
     generalize to the relational case.},
  topic = {world-entropy;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ grove:1995a,
  author = {Adam J. Grove},
  title = {Naming and Identity in Epistemic Logic Part {II}: A
  	First-Order Logic for Naming},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {74},
  number = {2},
  pages = {311--350},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ grove-halpern:1995a,
  author = {Adam J. Grove and Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {On the Expected Value of Games With Absentmindedness},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, {NEC}.},
  topic = {game-theory;epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;}  
  } 

@article{ grove-etal:1996a,
  author = {Adam J. Grove and Joseph Y. Halpern and Daphne Koller},
  title = {Asymptotic Conditional Probabilities: The Non-Unary Case},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {61},
  number = {1},
  pages = {250--39},
  topic = {probabilistic-algorithms;complexity;}  
  } 

@article{ grover:1972a,
  author = {Dorothy Grover},
  title = {Propositional Quantifiers},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {111--136},
  topic = {propositional-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ gruber_js:1965a1,
  author = {Jeffrey S. Gruber},
  title = {Studies in Lexical Relations},
  school = {{MIT}},
  year = {1965},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication: gruber:1965a2.},
  topic = {thematic-roles;lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ gruber_js:1965a2,
  author = {Jeffrey S. Gruber},
  title = {Studies in Lexical Relations},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Originally published in 1965 as an {MIT} dissertation: gruber:1965a1.},
  topic = {thematic-roles;lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@techreport{ gruber_js:1967a,
  author = {Jeffrey S. Gruber},
  title = {Functions of the Lexicon in Formal Descriptive Grammars},
  institution = {System Development Corporation},
  year = {1967},
  address = {Santa Monica, California},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ gruber_js:1976a,
  author = {Jeffrey S. Gruber},
  title = {Lexical Structures in Syntax and Semantics},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444110585 (American Elsevier)},
  topic = {lexicon;lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gruber_tr:1991a,
  author = {Thomas R. Gruber},
  title = {The Role of Common Ontology in Achieving Sharable,
  	Reusable Knowledge Bases},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {601--602},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  contentnote = {This is a position statement, prepared in connection
  	with a conference panel.  There is a brief bibliography.},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;knowledge-sharing;computational-ontology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gruber_tr-olsen:1994a,
  author = {Thomas R. Gruber and Gregory R. Olsen},
  title = {An Ontology for Engineering Mathematics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {258--269},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;computational-ontology;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ grunbaum:1960a,
  author = {Adolf Gr\"unbaum},
  title = {The Duhemian Argument},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--87},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;falsifiability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grunbaum:1972a,
  author = {Adolf Gr\"unbaum},
  title = {Free Will and Laws of Human Behavior},
  booktitle = {New Readings in Philosophical Analysis},
  publisher = {Appleton-Century-Crofts},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Herbert Feigl and Wilfrid Sellars and Keith Lehrer},
  pages = {605--627},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grunbaum:1977a,
  author = {Adolf Gr\"unbaum},
  title = {Absolute and Relational Theories of Space and Space-Time},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Space-Time Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {John Earman and Clark Glymour and John J. Stachel},
  pages = {303--373},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;philosophy-of-space;philosophy-of-time;}  
  } 

@article{ grunbaum:1977b,
  author = {Adolf Gr\"unbaum},
  title = {Is There Backwards Causation in Classical Electrodynamics?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {74},
  pages = {475--482},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {causality;philosophy-of-physics;} 
  } 

@article{ grunbaum:1978a,
  author = {Adolf Gr\"unbaum},
  title = {Can the Effect Precede Its Cause in Classical 
  	Electrodynamics?},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {46},
  number = {4},
  pages = {337--341},
  topic = {causality;philosophy-of-physics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ grunwald:1997a,
  author = {P. Gr\"unwald},
  title = {Causation and Nonmonotonic Temporal Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KI}-97: Advances in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Gerhard Brewka and Christopher Habel and Bernhard Nebel},
  pages = {159--170},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {causality;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ gryzmalabusse:1999a,
  author = {Jerzy W. Gryzmala-Busse},
  title = {Review of {\it Representing and Reasoning with Probabilistic
  	Knowledge}, by {F}ahiem {B}acchus},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {64},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1837},
  xref = {Review of bacchus:1990a.},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@article{ grzegorczyk:1968a,
  author = {Andrezej Grzegorczyk},
  title = {Assertions Depending on Time and Corresponding on Time
  	and Corresponding Logical Calculi},
  journal = {Composition Mathematica},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {83--87},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ gu:1992a,
  author = {J. Gu},
  title = {Efficient Local Search of Very Large-Scale Satisfiability
  	Problems},
  journal = {{SIGART} Bulletin},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {8--12},
  topic = {experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;}  
  } 

@article{ gu:1992b,
  author = {J. Gu},
  title = {Local Search for Satisfiability (SAT) Problem},
  journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Systems, man, and Cybernetics},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {28},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1108--1128},
  topic = {experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;}  
  } 

@article{ guan-bell:1998a,
  author = {J.W. Guan abd D.A. Bell},
  title = {Rough Computational Methods for Information Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {77--103},
  contentnote = {This paper uses a technique called "rough set theory"
  	See pawlak-etal:1995a and pawlak:1991a.},
  topic = {kr;vagueness;krcourse;databases;}  
  } 

@article{ guarini:2000a,
  author = {Marcello Guarini},
  title = {Horgan and {T}ienson on Ceteris Paribus Laws},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {67},
  number = {2},
  pages = {301--315},
  topic = {natural-laws;ceteris-paribus-generalizations;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ guarino:1992a,
  author = {Nicola Guarino},
  title = {Kinds of Relations: Some Methodological Principles for
  	Using Description Logics},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {39--44},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;computational-ontology;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ guarino-carrara:1994a,
  author = {Nicola Guarino and Massimiliano Carrara and Pierdaniele
  	Giaretta},
  title = {An Ontology of Meta-Level Categories},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {270--280},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;computational-ontology;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ guelev:1999a,
  author = {Dimitar P. Guelev},
  title = {A Propositional Dynamic Logic with Qualitative
  	Probabilities},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {6},
  pages = {575--605},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;qualitative-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ guenthner:1977a,
  author = {Franz Guenthner},
  title = {Review of {\it Logics and Language}, by {F}ranz
  	{G}uenthner},
  journal = {Studies in Language},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {437--453},
  xref = {Review of cresswell_mj:1973a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;speech-acts;pragmatics;
  	categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ guenthner:1978a,
  author = {Franz Guenthner},
  title = {Time Schemes, Tense Logic and the Analysis of {E}nglish
  	Tenses},
  booktitle = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt},
  pages = {201--222},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ guenthner-guenthnerreutter:1978a,
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and Monica Guenthner-Reutter},
  title = {Meaning and Translation: Philosophical and Logical
  	Approaches},
  publisher = {New York University Press},
  year = {1978},
  address = {New York},
  contentnote = {`Translation' is in the title because the editors
  	thought that this had something to do with refuting Quine on
	inteterminacy of translation.  It does have to do with
	translation of NL to LF, but little to do with NL to NL
	translation.  Contains papers by Cresswell; Tymoczko;
	Wallace; Putnam; Wheeler; NL Wilson; Bigelow; Burge; Keenan;
	Katz; Givon; Kamp; Cooper; Aqvist-Guenthner.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;syntax-semantics-interface;}  
 } 

@book{ guenthner-rohrer:1978a,
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and Christian Rohrer},
  title = {Studies in Formal Semantics: Intensionality, Temporality,
  	Negation},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0720405084},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ guenthner-schmidt:1978a,
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt},
  title = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC: Hintikka-Carlson, Conditionals, Generic Quantifiers, and
  			Other Applications of Subgames.
                  Smaby, Ambiguous Coreference With Quantifiers.
                  Keenan, Negative Coreference: Generalizing Quantification
		  	for Natural Language
                  Reinhardt, Syntactic Domains for Semantic Rules
                  Cooper, Variable Binding for Relative Clauses
                  Cresswell, Adverbs of Space and Time
                  Aqvist, A System of Chronological Tense Logic
                  Kamp, Semantics Versus Pragmatics
                  Petofi, Structure and Function of the Grammatical
		  	Component of the Text-Structure World-Structure
			Theory
                  Hausser-Zaefferer, Questions and Answers in a
		  	Context-Dependent Montague Grammar
                  Kindt, THe Introduction of Truth Predicates Into
		  	First-Order Languages},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ guenthner_f-rohrer:1978a,
  author = {Franz Guenthner and Christian Rohrer},
  title = {Introduction: Formal Semantics, Logic and Linguistics},
  booktitle = {Studies in Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and Christian Rohrer},
  pages = {1--10},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ guenthner_f:1989a,
  author = {Franz Guenthner},
  title = {Discourse: Understanding in Context},
  booktitle = {Logic and Linguistics},
  publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen},
  pages = {127--142},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  topic = {doscourse;speech-acts;context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ guerreiro-etal:1990a,
  author = {Ramiro {A}. {d}e {T.} Guerreiro and Andrea Hemerly and
  	Yoav Shoham},
  title = {On the Complexity of Monotonic Inheritance With Roles},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
        Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen R. McKeown},
  publisher = {{MIT} Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  pages = {627--632},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;kr-complexity-analysis;inheritance-roles;}  
 } 

@article{ guerts:1996b,
  author = {Bart Guerts},
  title = {Review of {\em Memory and Context for Language
  	Interpretaion}, by {H}iyan {A}lshawi},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {95--98},
  topic = {memory-models;memory;context;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@book{ guerts:1999a,
  author = {Bart Guerts},
  title = {Presuppositions and Pronouns},
  publisher = {Elservier},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0-08-043592-0},
  topic = {presuppositions;dynamic-semantics;binding-theory;
  	pronouns;anaphora;propositional-attitudes;}  
 } 

@article{ guerts:2000a,
  author = {Bart Guerts},
  title = {Review of {\it Investigations into Universal Grammar:
  	A Guide to Experiments on the Acquisition of Syntax}, by
  	Stephen Crain and Rosalind Thornton},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {5},
  pages = {523--532},
  xref = {Review of: crain-thornton:1998a},
  topic = {L1-acquisition;}  
  } 

@article{ guerts:2002a,
  author = {Bart Guerts},
  title = {Donkey Business},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {129--156},
  topic = {donkey-anaphora;semantic-processing;world-knowledge;} 
  } 

@techreport{ guha:1990a,
  author = {Ramanathan Guha},
  title = {The Representation of Defaults in {CYC}},
  institution = {MCC},
  number = {ACT--CYC--083--90},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Austin, TX},
  missinginfo = {Published in a conference
  	proceedings.  AAAI? Get reference.},
  topic = {applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@techreport{ guha:1991a,
  author = {Ramanathan V. Guha},
  title = {Contexts: a Formalization and Some Applications},
  institution = {Stanford Computer Science Department},
  number = {STAN-CS-91-1399},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {kr;context;context;kr-course;contextual-reasoning;
		logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@article{ guha-lenat:1992a,
  author = {Ramanathan Guha and Douglas Lenat},
  title = {Language, Representation and Contexts},
  journal = {Journal of Information Processing},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3},
  pages = {340--349},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ guha:1995a,
  author = {Ramanathan  Guha},
  title = {Mechanisms in Implemented {KR} Systems},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  pages = {2},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  note = {Abstract.},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@article{ guijarroberdinas-etal:2002a,
  author = {Bertha Guijarro-Berdi\~nas and Amparo Alonso-Betanzos and
  	Oscar Fontenla-Romero},
  title = {Intelligent Analysis and Pattern Recognition in Cardiographic
  	Signals using a Tightly Coupled Hybrid System},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {136},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--27},
  topic = {diagnosis;pattern-recognition;connectionist-modeling;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ guillen:1997a,
  author = {Rocio Guillen},
  title = {Using Context in Aspectual Processing},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {65--70},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@book{ guindon:1988a,
  editor = {Raymonde Guindon},
  title = {Cognitive Science and Its Applications for Human-Computer
  	Interaction},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0898598842},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ guinn:1995a,
  author = {Curry I. Guinn},
  title = {Meta-Dialogue Behaviors: Improving the Efficiency of
  	Human-Machine Dialogue},
  school = {Department of Computer Science, Duke University},
  year = {1985},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Durham, North Carolina},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ guinn:1996a,
  author = {Curry I. Guinn},
  title = {Mechanisms for Mixed-Initiative Human-Computer
  	Collaborative Discourse},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {278--285},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {discourse;discourse-simulation;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ gumperz-levinson:1996a,
  editor = {John J. Gumperz and Stephen C. Levinson},
  title = {Rethinking Linguistic Relativity},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {linguistic-relativity;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ gundel:1974a,
  author = {Jeanette K. Gundel},
  title = {The Role of Topic and Comment in Linguistic Theory},
  school = {University of Texas at Austin},
  year = {1974},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Austin, Texas},
  topic = {s-topic;}  
 } 

@techreport{ gundel:1976a,
  author = {Jeanette K. Gundel},
  title = {Left Dislocation and Topic-Comment Structure in Linguistic
  	Theory},
  institution = {Linguistics Department, The Ohio State University},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Columbus, Ohio},
  note = {OSU Working Papers in Linguistics, volume 18},
  topic = {s-topic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ gundel:1997a,
  author = {Jeanette K. Gundel},
  title = {Centering Theory and the Givenness
       		Hierarchy: Towards a Synthesis},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {182--198},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;given-new;
  	centering;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gundel-etal:1999a,
  author = {Jeanette K. Gundel and Kaja Borthen and Thorstein
			Fretheim},
  title = {The Role of Context in {E}nglish
			and {N}orwegian},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {475--478},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;English-language;Norwegian-language;}  
  } 

@book{ gunderson:1975a,
  editor = {Keith Gunderson},
  title = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge.  {M}innesota Studies in
  	the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
  xref = {Review: bigelow:1977a.},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. David K. Lewis, "Languages and Language", pp. 3--35
     2. Jerrold J. Katz, "Logic and Language: An Examination of
     		Recent Criticisms of Intensionalism", pp. 36--130
     3. Hilary Putnam, "The Meaning of `Meaning'\,", pp. 131--193
     4. Charles Chastain, "Reference and Context", pp. 194--269
     5. Gilbert Harman, "Language, Thought, and
     		Communication", pp. 270--298
     6. Noam Chomsky, "Knowledge of Language", pp. 299--320
     7. Michael D. Root, "Language, Rules, and Complex
     		Behavior", pp. 321--343
     8. John R. Searle, "A Taxonomy of Illocutionary Acts", pp. 344--369
     9. Zeno Vendler, "On What We Know", pp. 370--390
    10. Bruce Aune, "Vendler on Knowledge and Belief", pp. 391--399
    11. Zeno Vendler, "Reply to {P}rofessor {A}une", pp. 400--402
    12. Douglas C. Dennett, "Brain Writing and Mind
    		Reading", pp. 403--415
  } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ gunderson:1985a,
  author = {Keith Gunderson},
  edition = {2},
  title = {Mentality and Machines},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  ISBN = {0-8166-1362-1 (pbk)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ gunji:1982a,
  author = {Takao Gunji},
  title = {Toward a Computational Theory of Pragmatics:  Discourse,
		Presupposition, and Implicature},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  title = {Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar and {J}apanese
  	Reflexivization},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {115--156},
  topic = {GPSG;Japanese-language;reflexive-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ gunkel:1998a,
  author = {Luiz Gunkel},
  title = {Review of {\it Complex Predicates}, by {A}lex {A}lsina,
  	{J}oan {B}resnan, and {P}eter {S}ells},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2/3},
  pages = {265--271},
  xref = {Review of alsina-etal:1997a.},
  topic = {complex-predicates;morphology;syntax;}  
  } 

@book{ gunter:1992a,
  author = {Carl A. Gunter},
  title = {Semantics of Programming Languages: Programming Techniques},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {semantics-of-programming-languages;}  
 } 

@book{ gunter-mitchell:1994a,
  editor = {Carl A. Gunter and John C. Mitchell},
  title = {Theoretical Aspects of Object-Oriented Programming},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {object-oriented-systems;theory-of-computation;}  
 } 

@article{ gunter-etal:1997a,
  author = {Carl A. Gunter and Teow-Hin Ngair and Devika Subramanian},
  title = {The Common Order-Theoretic Structure of Version Spaces and
  	{ATMS}s},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {95},
  number = {2},
  pages = {357--407},
  topic = {order-theory;version-spaces;truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@book{ guo:1995a,
  editor = {Cheng-Ming Guo},
  title = {Machine Tractable Dictionaries: Design and Contruction},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0893918539},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ guo:1998a,
  author = {Jin Guo},
  title = {One Tokenization Per Source},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {457--463},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {sentence-tokenization;}  
} 

@article{ gupta_a:1978a,
  author = {Anil Gupta},
  title = {Modal Logic and Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {441--472},
  topic = {modal-logic;Davidson-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ gupta_a:1980a,
  author = {Anil Gupta},
  title = {The Logic of Common Nouns},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {New Haven, Connecticut},
  xref = {Review: bressan:1993a.},
  topic = {semantics-of-common-nouns;identity;}  
 } 

@article{ gupta_a:1982a,
  author = {Anil Gupta},
  title = {Truth and Paradox},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--60},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gupta_a:1987a,
  author = {Anil Gupta},
  title = {The Meaning of Truth},
  booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Ernest LePore},
  pages = {453--480},
  address = {London},
  topic = {truth;}  
  } 

@article{ gupta_a-savion:1987a,
  author = {Anil Gupta and Leah Savion},
  title = {Semantics of Propositional Attitudes:  A Critical Study of
		{C}resswell's {\it Structured Meanings}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  number = {4},
  pages = {395--410},
  xref = {Review of cresswell_mj:1985a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes;
  	structured-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ gupta_a:1988a,
  author = {Anil Gupta},
  title = {Remarks on Definitions and the Concept of Truth},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {89},
  pages = {227--246},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;definitions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gupta_a:1993a,
  author = {Anil Gupta},
  title = {Minimalism},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {359--369},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {truth;deflationary-analyses;}  
  } 

@article{ gupta_a:1993b,
  author = {Anil Gupta},
  title = {A Critique of Deflationism},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {57--81},
  topic = {truth;}  
  } 

@book{ gupta_a-belnap:1993a,
  author = {Anil Gupta and Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}},
  title = {The Revision Theory of Truth},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;fixpoints;}  
 } 

@article{ gupta_nc-nau:1992a,
  author = {Naresh C. Gupta and Dana S. Nau},
  title = {On the Complexity of Blocks-World Planning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {56},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {223--254},
  topic = {planning;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ gupta_nc-kanal:1995a,
  author = {Naresh C. Gupta and Laveen N. Kanal},
  title = {{3-D} Motion Estimation from Motion Field},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {78},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {45--86},
  topic = {motion-reconstruction;}  
  } 

@techreport{ gupta_p-touretzky:1993a,
  author = {Prahlad Gupta and David S. Touretzky},
  title = {Connectionist Models and Linguistic Theory:
  	Investigations of Stress Systems in Language},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, CArnegie Mellon
  	University},
  number = {CMU-CS-93-146},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Pittsburgh, PA 15213},
  topic = {connectionist-models;phonology;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ gupta_v-lamping:1998a,
  author = {Vineet Gupta and John Lamping},
  title = {Efficient Linear Logic Meaning Assembly},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {464--470},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {computational-semantics;LFG;nl-to-logic-mapping;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ gurevich-harrington:1982a,
  author = {Yuri Gurevich and L. Harrington},
  title = {Trees, Automata and Games},
  booktitle = {{ACM} Symposium on Theory of Computing},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {60--65},
  organization = {ACM},
  missinginfo = {publisher, address},
  topic = {branching-time;game-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gurevich:1983a,
  author = {Yuri Gurevich},
  title = {Monadic Second-Order Theories},
  year = {1983},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan},
  topic = {second-order-logic;decidability;} 
  } 

@article{ gurevich-shelah:1985a,
  author = {Yuri Gurevich and Sharanon Shelah},
  title = {The Decision Problem in Branching Time Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {50},
  pages = {668--661},
  missinginfo = {number},
  title = {To the Decision Problem in Branching Time Logic},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Logic and Linguistics: Problems and
  	Solutions},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Georg Dorn and Paul Weingartner},
  pages = {181--198},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {branching-time;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gurevich:1988a,
  author = {Yuri Gurevich},
  title = {Algorithms in the World of Bounded
       		Resources},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {407--416},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {theory-of-computation;resource-limited-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gurevich:1988b,
  author = {Yuri Gurevich},
  title = {Logic and the Challenge of Computer Science},
  booktitle = {Current Trends in Theoretical Computer Science},
  publisher = {Computer Science Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Egon B\"orger},
  chapter = {1},
  pages = {1--57},
  address = {Rockville, Maryland},
  topic = {logic-and-computer-science;finite-models;dynamic-logic;
  	semantics-of-programming-languages;logic-in-CS;}  
  } 

@article{ gurevich-shelah:1996a,
  author = {Yuri Gurevich and Sharanon Shelah},
  title = {On Finite Rigid Structures},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {3},
  pages = {549--562},
  xref = {Review: stolboushkin:2000a},
  topic = {finite-models;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ gurney-etal:1996a,
  author = {John Gurney and Don Perlis and Khemdut Purang},
  title = {Updating Discourse Context With Active Logic},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Maryland.},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;active-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ gurney-etal:1997a,
  author = {John Gurney and Don Perlis and Khemdut Purang},
  title = {Interpreting Presuppositions Using Active Logic: From Contexts
  	to Utterances},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {391--426},
  topic = {context;presupposition;pragmatics;active-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ gurtz-hvlldobler:1996a,
  editor = {G. Gurtz and S. Hvlldobler},
  title = {KI-96: Advances in Artificial Intelligence 20th Annual
  	{G}erman Conference on Artificial Intelligence {D}resden,
	{G}ermany, September 17--19, 1996},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-540-61708-6 (Softcover)},
  topic = {AI-general;}  
 } 

@article{ gusgen-hertzberg:1988a,
  author = {Hans-Werner G\"usgen and Joachim Hertzberg},
  title = {Some Fundamental Properties of Local Constraint
  	Propagation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {36},
  number = {2},
  pages = {237--247},
  topic = {constraint-propagation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gustaffson_j-doherty:1996a,
  author = {Joakim Gustaffson and Patrick Doherty},
  title = {Embracing Occlusion in Specifying the Indirect Effects of
  	Actions},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {87--98},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  missinginfo = {Check spelling of "Gustaffson".},
  contentnote = {PMON is the Linkoping action formalism.  This is an
  	extension to include nondet actions among other things.
	Occlusion is a form of formalizing causal reasoning.  For
	occlusion, see sandewall:1989a and sandewall:1994a.},
  topic = {kr;causality;action-formalisms;kr-course;action-effects;}  
  } 

@article{ gustafson:1968a,
  author = {Donald F. Gustafson},
  title = {Momentary Intentions},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {77},
  number = {305},
  pages = {1--13},  
  xref = {Discussion: } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;intention;}  
  } 

@article{ gustafson:1974a,
  author = {Donald F. Gustafson},
  title = {On Doubting One's Intentions},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {83},
  number = {329},
  pages = {114--115},  
  xref = {Commentary: whiteley_ch:1971a.},
  topic = {intention;philosophy-of-action;} 
  } 

@book{ gustafson_df:1986a,
  author = {Donald F. Gustafson},
  title = {Intention and Agency},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;intention;}  
 } 

@book{ guttenplan:1994a,
  editor = {Samuel Guttenplan},
  title = {A Companion to the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1994},
  ISBN = {0-631-20218-8 (pb)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
} 

@article{ guttman-etal:2000b,
  author = {Jem-Steffan Guttman and Wolfgang Hatzack and Immanuel
  	Hermann and Bernhard Nebel and Frank Rittinger and Augustinus
	Topor and Thilo Weigel},
  title = {The {CS} {F}reiburg Team},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {37--46},
  topic = {robotics;RoboCup;}  
  } 

@techreport{ guttman_j-etal:1990a,
  author = {Joshua Guttman and William Farmer and F. Javier Thayer},
  title = {{IMPS}: A Proof System for a Generic Logic},
  institution = {The Mitre Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Bedford, MA},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gutuerrezrexach:1999a,
  author = {Javier Gutu\'errez-Rexach},
  title = {Cross-Linguistic Semantics of
	Weak Pronouns in Doubling Structures},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
	of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {115--120},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {clitic-doubling;clitics;}  
  } 

@book{ gvozdanovic-etal:1991a,
  editor = {Jadranka Gvozdanovic and Theo A.J.M. Janssen and \"Osten Dahl},
  title = {The Function of Tense in Texts},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {044485732X},
  topic = {tense-aspect;narrative-representation;narrative-understanding;}  
 } 

@article{ gyssens-etal:1994a,
  author = {Marc Gyssens and Peter G. Jeavons and David A. Cohen},
  title = {Decomposing Constraint Satisfaction Problems Using
  	Database Techniques},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--89},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     There is a very close relationship between constraint
     satisfaction problems and the satisfaction of join-dependencies
     in a relational database which is due to a common underlying
     structure, namely a hypergraph.  By making that relationship
     explicit we are able to adapt techniques previously developed
     for the study of relational databases to obtain new results for
     constraint satisfaction problems.  In particular, we prove that
     a constraint satisfaction problem may be decomposed into a
     number of subproblems precisely when the corresponding
     hypergraph satisfies a simple condition.  We show that combining
     this decomposition approach with existing algorithms can lead to
     a significant improvement in efficiency.  } ,
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;problem-decomposition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ gyuris:1996a,
  author = {Viktor Gyuris},
  title = {Associativity Does Not Imply Undecidability
		without the Axiom of Modal Distribution},
  booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic},
  publisher = {{CLSI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {101--107},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {arrow-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ ha-etal:1997a,
  author = {Vu Ha and Tri Li and Peter Haddawy},
  title = {Case-Based Preference Elicitation (Preliminary Report)},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Electrical Engineering
		and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;decision-analysis;decision-theoretic-planning
		multiattribute-utility;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ha-haddawy:1997c,
  author = {Vu Ha and Peter Haddawy},
  title = {Problem-Focused Incremental Elicitation of Multi-Attribute
  	Utility Models},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on
		Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence ({UAI}-97)},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {215--222},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  title = {Geometric Foundations for Interval-Based Probabilities},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {582--593},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;interval-based-probabilities;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ha-haddawy:1998b,
  author = {Vu Ha and Peter Haddawy},
  title = {Toward Case-Based Preference Elicitation: Similarity
  	Measures on Preference Structures},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on Uncertainty in
	Artificial Intelligence},
  month = {July},
  pages = {193--201},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  year = {1998},
  topic = {preference-elicitation;case-based-reasoning;}  
	} 

@article{ haack_rj:1971a,
  author = {R.J. Haack},
  title = {On {D}avidson's Paratactic Theory of Oblique Objects},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {351--361},
  topic = {indirect-discourse;propositional-attitudes;propositions
  	philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ haapararnta:1988a,
  author = {Leila Haapararnta},
  title = {Analysis as the Method of Logical Discovery:
  	Some Remarks on {F}rege and {H}usserl},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {77},
  number = {1},
  pages = {73--97},
  topic = {history-of-logic;Frege;Husserl;}  
  } 

@incollection{ haarslev-etal:1998a,
  author = {Volker Haarslev and Carsten Lutz and Ralf M\"oller},
  title = {Foundations of Spatiotemporal Reasoning with Description
		Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {112--123},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;spatial-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ haarslev-moller:2000a,
  author = {Volker Haarslev and Ralf M\"oller},
  title = {Expressive {AB}ox Reasoning with Number Restrictions,
        Role Hierarchies, and Transitively Closed Roles},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {273--284},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ haas:1950a,
  author = {W. Haas},
  title = {On Speaking a Language},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society, New Series},
  year = {1950--51},
  volume = {70},
  pages = {129--166},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}   
 } 

@article{ haas:1986a,
  author = {Andrew Haas},
  title = {A Syntactic Theory of Belief and Action},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {28},
  number = {3},
  pages = {245--292},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ haas:1992a,
  author = {Andrew R. Haas},
  title = {A Reactive Planner that Uses Explanation Closure},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {93--102},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ haase:1995a,
  author = {Kenneth B. Haase},
  title = {Too Many Ideas, Just One Word: A Review of {M}argaret
  	{B}oden's {\it The Creative Mind: Myths and Mechanisms}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {79},
  number = {1},
  pages = {69--82},
  xref = {Review of boden:1990a.},
  topic = {creativity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ habel-etal:1995a,
  author = {Christopher Habel and Simone Pribbenow and Geoffrey Simmons},
  title = {Partonomies and Depictions: A Hybrid Approach},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {527--653},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;
  	cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;partonomies;}  
  } 

@book{ habermas:1988a,
  author = {J\"urgen Habermas},
  title = {On the Logic of the Social Sciences},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  note = {Translated by Shierry Weber Nicholsen and Jerry A. Stark},
  ISBN = {0262081776},
  topic = {philosophy-of-social-science;}  
 } 

@book{ habermas:1990a,
  author = {J\"urgen Habermas},
  title = {Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-58118-3},
  topic = {continental-philosophy;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;
  	ethics;}  
 } 

@book{ habermas:1998a,
  author = {J\"urgen Habermas},
  title = {On the Pragmatics of Communication},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  note = {Edited by Maeve Cook.},
  ISBN = {0-262-58187-6},
  topic = {continental-philosophy;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ habermas:2000a,
  author = {J\"urgen Habermas},
  title = {On the Pragmatics of Social Interaction},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-08288-8},
  topic = {continental-philosophy;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ hacker:1990a,
  author = {Peter M.S. Hacker},
  title = {Wittgenstein, Meaning and Mind},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631167846},
  topic = {Wittgenstein;philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@article{ hacking:1967a,
  author = {Ian Hacking},
  title = {Slightly More Realistic Personal Probability},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {34},
  pages = {311--325},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ hacking:1975a,
  author = {Ian Hacking},
  title = {All Kinds of Possibility},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {84},
  pages = {321--337},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {ability;possibility;}  
  } 

@book{ hacking:1975b,
  author = {Ian Hacking},
  title = {Why Does Language Matter to Philosophy?},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;poststructuralism;}  
 } 

@book{ hacking:1983a,
  author = {Ian Hacking},
  title = {Representing and Intervening},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@book{ hacking:1999a,
  author = {Ian Hacking},
  title = {The Social Construction of What?},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {social-constructivism;philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hacking:2000a,
  author = {Ian Hacking},
  title = {How Inevitable Are the Results of Successful Science?},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S58--S71},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@book{ hacking:2001a,
  author = {Ian Hacking},
  title = {An Introduction to Probability and Inductive Logic},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0-521-77501-9},
  topic = {logic-intro;probability-intro;foundations-of-probability;}  
 } 

@incollection{ haddaway-frisch:1990a,
  author = {Peter Haddaway and Alan Frisch},
  title = {Modal Logics of Higher-Order Probability},
  booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Volume 4},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Max Henrion and Ross D. Shachter and L.N. Kanal and J.F.
  	Lemmer},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {higher-order-probability;probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ haddawy-frisch:1987a,
  author = {Peter Haddawy and Alan M. Frisch},
  title = {Convergent Deduction for Probabilistic Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {AAAI} Workshop on Uncertainty
  	in Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {125--143},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address, pages},
  topic = {probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ haddawy-hanks:1990a,
  author = {Peter Haddawy and Steven Hanks},
  title = {Issues in Decision-Theoretic Planning: Symbolic Goals
  	and Numeric Utilities},
  booktitle = {{DARPA} Workshop on Innovative Applications to Planning,
  	Scheduling, and Control},
  year = {1990},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  missinginfo = {editor,pages},
  topic = {decision-theoretic-planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ haddawy:1991a,
  author = {Peter Haddawy},
  title = {A Temporal Probability Logic for Representing Actions},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {313--324},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;branching-time;probabilistic-planning;
		probabilistic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ haddawy-hanks:1992a,
  author = {Peter Haddawy and Steven Hanks},
  title = {Representations of Decision-Theoretic Planning: Utility
  	Functions for Deadline Goals},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {71--82},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;decision-theoretic-planning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@techreport{ haddawy-hanks:1993a,
  author = {Peter Haddawy and Steve Hanks},
  title = {Utility Models for Goal-Directed Decision-Theoretic
  	Planners},
  institution = {Department of EE\&CS, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee},
  number = {93--06--04},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Milwaukee, Wisconsin},
  topic = {decision-theoretic-planning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ haddawy:1994a,
  author = {Peter Haddawy},
  title = {Decision-Theoretic Refinement Planning Using Inheritance
  	Abstraction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on {AI} 
  	Planning Systems},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {K. Hammond},
  pages = {266--271},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {planning;decision-theoretic-planning;inheritance;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ haddawy-suwandi:1994a,
  author = {Peter Haddawy and Meliani Suwandi},
  title = {Decision Theoretic Planning using Inheritance
  	Abstraction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on {AI} 
  	Planning Systems},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {K. Hammond},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {planning;decision-theoretic-planning;inheritance;}  
  } 

@article{ haddawy:1996a,
  author = {Peter Haddawy},
  title = {Believing Change and Changing Belief},
  journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.  Special
  	Issue on Higher-Order Uncertainty.},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {26},
  number = {5},
  missinginfo = {pages,topics},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ haddawy:1996b,
  author = {Peter Haddawy},
  title = {A Logic of Time, Change, and Action for Representing Plans},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {80},
  number = {2},
  pages = {243--308},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hadzilacos:1987a,
  author = {V. Hadzilacos},
  title = {A Knowledge-Theoretic Analysis of Atomic Commitment
  	Protocols},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth {ACM} Symposium on Principles of
  	Database Systems},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {129--134},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, organization, publisher, addresss},
  topic = {communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@book{ haegeman:1991a,
  author = {Liliane M.V. Haegeman},
  title = {Introduction to Government and Binding Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nl-syntax;GB-syntax;}  
 } 

@book{ hage:1997a,
  author = {Jaap Haage},
  title = {Reasoning with Rules},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophy-of-law;legal-reasoning;argumentation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hage:1998a,
  author = {J. Hage},
  title = {Moderately Naturalistic Deontic Logic},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  pages = {73--92},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hagen-grote:1997a,
  author = {Eli Hagen and Brigitte Grote},
  title = {Planning Efficient Mixed Initiative Dialogue},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {53--56},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;mixed-initiative-systems;
  	discourse-planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hagen-popowich:2000a,
  author = {Eli Hagen and Fred Popowich},
  title = {Flexible Speech Act Based Dialogue Management},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  pages = {131--140},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hagert-waern:1985a,
  author = {G. Hagert and Y. Waern},
  title = {On Implicit Assumptions in Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle},
  pages = {93--115},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {pragmatic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ hahn:1998a,
  editor = {Lewis E. Hahn},
  title = {The Philosophy of {P}.{F}. {S}trawson},
  publisher = {Open Court},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0812693779 (hardcover)},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@book{ hahn_le:1998a,
  editor = {L.E. Hahn},
  title = {The Philosophy of {P}.{F}. {S}trawson},
  publisher = {Open Court},
  year = {1998},
  address = {LaSalle, Illinois},
  xref = {Review: bezuidenhout:2001a.},
  topic = {Strawson;analytic-philosophy;philosophy-of-language;} 
 } 

@inproceedings{ hahn_u-strube:1997a,
  author = {Udo Hahn and Michael Strube},
  title = {Centered Segmentation: Scaling up the Centering Model
  	to Global Discourse Structure},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {104--111},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-structure;anaphora-resolution;centering;anaphora;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ hahn_u-schnattinger:1998a,
  author = {Udo Hahn and Klemens Schnattinger},
  title = {A Text Understander that Learns},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {476--482},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {machine-learning;text-understanding;}  
 } 

@book{ hahnle:1993a,
  editor = {Reiner H\"ahnle},
  title = {Automated Deduction in Multiple-Valued Logics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198539894 (Hbk.)},
  topic = {multi-valued-logic;theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@article{ haigh-balch:2000a,
  author = {Karen Zitka Haigh and Tucker Balch},
  title = {{AAAI-98} Robot Exhibition},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {67--76},
  topic = {robotics;}  
  } 

@article{ haik:1987a,
  author = {Isabelle Ha\"ik},
  title = {Bound {VP}s That Need to Be},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {503--530},
  topic = {VP-ellipsis;government-binding-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ hailperin:1961a,
  author = {Theodore Hailperin},
  title = {A Complete Set of Axioms for Logical Formulas Invalid in Some
  	Finite Domain},
  journal = {{Z}eitschrift {f}\"ur {M}athematische {L}ogik and
  	{G}rundlagen {d}er {M}athematik},
  year = {1961},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {84--96},
  xref = {Review: Mostowski in JSL 27, pp. 108--109.},
  missinginfo = {number.},
  topic = {mathematical-logic;axiomatizing-invalidities;}  
  } 

@book{ hailperin:1982a,
  author = {B.T. Hailperin},
  title = {Verifying Concurrent Processes Using Temporal Logic},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1982},
  number = {129},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {temporal-logic;distributed-systems;}  
 } 

@article{ hailperin:2000a,
  author = {Theodore Hailperin},
  title = {Probability Semantics for Quantifier Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {2},
  pages = {207--239},
  topic = {probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ hailperin:2001a,
  author = {Theodore Hailperin},
  title = {Potential Infinite Models and Ontologically Neutral Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {1},
  pages = {79--96},
  topic = {substitutional-quantification;}  
  } 

@article{ hailpern:1985a,
  author = {B.T. Hailperin},
  title = {A Simple Protocol Whose Proof Isn't},
  journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Communications},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {COM-33},
  number = {4},
  pages = {330--337},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ haiman:1984a,
  author = {John Haiman},
  title = {Constraints on the Form and Meaning of the Protasis},
  year = {1984},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ haiman:1986a,
  author = {John Haiman},
  title = {Constraints on the Form and Meaning of the Protasis},
  booktitle = {On Conditionals},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly},
  pages = {215--228},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ haimerl:1997a,
  author = {Edgar Haimerl},
  title = {A Database Application for the Generation
		of Phonetic Atlas Maps},
  booktitle = {Linguistic Databases},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {John Nerbonne},
  pages = {103--116},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {linguistic-databases;dialectology;}  
  } 

@article{ hajek_a:1989a,
  author = {Alan H\'ajek},
  title = {Probabilities of Conditionals---Revisited},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {423--428},
  topic = {conditionals;probability;CCCP;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hajek_a:1994a,
  author = {Alan H\'ajek},
  title = {Triviality on the Cheap?},
  booktitle = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational
       Decision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {113--140},
  editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {probability;conditionals;CCCP;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hajek_a-hall:1994a,
  author = {Alan H\'ajek and Ned Hall},
  title = {The Hypothesis of the Conditional Construal of Conditional
  	Probability},
  booktitle = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational
       Decision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {75--111},
  editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {probability;conditionals;CCCP;}  
  } 

@article{ hajek_a-harper:1996a,
  author = {Alan H\'ajek and Willam Harper},
  title = {Full Belief and Probability: Comments on van {F}raassen},
  journal = {Dialogue},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {36},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;belief-revision;belief;lottery-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ hajek_p:1993a,
  author = {Petr H\'ajek},
  title = {Epistemic Entrenchment and Arithmetical Hierarchy},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {62},
  number = {1},
  pages = {79--87},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     If the underlying theory is sufficiently rich (e.g. like
     first-order arithmetic), then no epistemic entrenchment preorder
     of sentences is recursively enumerable.  Consequently, the set of
     all defeasible proofs (determined by such a fixed preorder) is
     not recursively enumerable and hence, a fortiori, nonrecursive.
     On the other hand there is a satisfactorily rich epistemic
     entrenchment preorder < such that < itself, the corresponding
     set of defeasible proofs, and the corresponding relation of
     defeasible provability are limiting recursive and, consequently,
     this type of defeasible provability is closely related to
     provability in experimental logics in the sense of Jeroslow.
     Relation to the work by Pollock is also discussed.  } ,
   topic = {epistemic-entrenchment;nonmonotonic-logics;}  
  } 

@book{ hajek_p:1996a,
  editor = {Petr H\'ajek},
  title = {G\"odel'96: Logical Foundations of Mathematics, Computer
  	Science, and Physics--Kurt G\"odel's Legacy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540614346 (softcover)},
  topic = {Goedel;}  
 } 

@article{ hajek_p-etal:1996a,
  author = {Petr H\'ajek and Lluis Godo and Francesc Esteva},
  title = {A Complete Many-Valued Logic with Product-Conjunction},
  journal = {Archive for Mathematical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {191--208},
  xref = {Review: montagna:2000b.},
  topic = {fuzzy-logic;algebraic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ hajek_p:1998a,
  author = {Petr H\'ajek},
  title = {Metamathematics of Fuzzy Logic},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Review: pelletier:2000a.},
  topic = {fuzzy-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ hajek_p:2000a,
  author = {Petr H\'ajek},
  title = {Review of {\it The Philosophical Computer: Exploratory Essays in
  	Philosophical Computer Modeling}, by {P}atrick {G}rim and {G}ary
	{M}at and {P}aul {St. Denis} and the {G}roup for {L}ogic and {F}ormal
	{S}emantics},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {347--349},
  xref = {Review of grim-etal:1998a.},
  topic = {philosophy-education;computational-philosophy;}  
  } 

@article{ hajek_p-etal:2000a,
  author = {Petr H\'ajek and Jeff Paris and John Shepardson},
  title = {The Liar Paradox and Fuzzy Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {1},
  pages = {339--346},
  topic = {multi-valued-logic;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ hajek_p:2001a,
  author = {Petr H\'ajek},
  title = {Fuzzy Logic and Arithmetical Hierarchy {III}},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {129--142},
  topic = {fuzzy-logic;arithmetic-hierarchy;}  
  } 

@article{ hajek_p:2002a,
  author = {Petr H\'ajek},
  title = {A New Small Emendation of {G}\"odel's Ontological Proof},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {71},
  number = {2},
  pages = {149--164},
  topic = {ontological-argument;Goedel;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ hajic-hladka:1998a,
  author = {Jan Haji\v{c} and Barbora Hladk\'a},
  title = {Tagging Inflective Languages: Prediction of Morphological
  	Categories for a Rich Structured Tagset},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {483--490},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {computational-morphology;part-of-speech-tagging;
  	Czech-language;}  
} 

@incollection{ hajicova:1981a,
  author = {Eva Haji\v{c}ov\'a},
  title = {A Dependency-Based Parser for Topic
     		and Focus},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  pages = {127--138},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;dependency-grammar;topic;focus;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hajicova-rosen:1994a,
  author = {Eva Haji\v{c}ov\'a and Alexandr Rosen},
  title = {Machine Readable Dictionary as a Source of Grammatical
  	Information},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {191--199},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {machine-readable-dictionaries;}  
  } 

@article{ hajnicz:1995a,
  author = {Elizabieta Hajnicz},
  title = {Some Considerations on Non-Linear Time Intervals},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {335--357},
  topic = {branching-time;interval-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ hajnicz:1996a,
  author = {Elizabeta Hajnicz},
  title = {Applying {A}llen's Constraint Propagation Algorithm for
  	Non-Linear Time},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {157--175},
  title = {Some Considerations on Branching Areas of Time},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17--43},
  topic = {branching-time;tmix-project;continuous-branching-time;}  
  } 

@article{ hakutani-hargis:1972a,
  author = {Y. Hakutani and C.H. Hargis},
  title = {The Syntax of Modal Constructions in {E}nglish},
  journal = {Lingua},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {301--332},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {modal-auxiliaries;English-language;nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@article{ halbach:1997a,
  author = {Volker Halbach},
  title = {Tarskian and {K}ripkean Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {69--80},
  topic = {truth;}  
  } 

@article{ halbach:1999a,
  author = {Volker Halbach},
  title = {Conservative Theories of Classical Truth},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {62},
  number = {2},
  pages = {353--370},
  topic = {truth;cut-free-deduction;}  
  } 

@article{ halbach:2001a,
  author = {Volker Halbach},
  title = {Editorial Introduction},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  note = {This is an introduction to a special issue on methods for
  	investigating self-referential theories of truth.},
  pages = {3--20},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;fixpoints;}  
  } 

@article{ halbach:2001b,
  author = {Volker Halbach},
  title = {Disquotational Truth and Analyticity},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {66},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1959--1973},
  topic = {truth;analyticity;} 
  } 

@article{ halbasch_k:1971a,
  author = {Keith Halbasch},
  title = {A Critical Examination of {R}ussell's View of Facts},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {395--409},
  topic = {Russell;philosophical-ontology;facts;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hale:1971a,
  author = {Kenneth Hale},
  title = {A Note on the {W}albiri Tradition of Antonymy},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {472--482},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {Australian-languages;antonymy;} 
  } 

@book{ hale_b-wright_c:1997a,
  editor = {Bob Hale and Crispin Wright},
  title = {A Companion to the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. David Wiggins, "Meaning and Truth Conditions: From
		Frege's Grand Design to Davidson's"
	2. John Skorupski, "Meaning, use, verification"
	3. Anita Avramides, "Intention and convention"
	4. Charles Travis, "Pragmatics"
	5. Barry Loewer, "Guide to Naturalizing Semantics"
	6. Edward Craig, "Meaning and Privacy"
	7. Alexander Miller, "Tacit Knowledge"
       10. Jane Heal, "Interpretation"
       11. Mark Richard, "Propositional Attitudes"
       12. Christopher Peacocke, "Holism"
       13. Richard Moran, "Metaphor"
       14. Bob Hale, "Realism and its oppositions "
       15. Ralph C.S. Walker, "Theories of truth"
       16. Paul Artin Boghossian, "Analyticity"
       17. Bob Hale, "Rule-Following, Objectivity and Meaning"
       18. Crispin Wright, "Indeterminacy of Translation"
       19. Bob Hale and Crispin Wright, "Putnam's Model-Theoretic
       		Argument against Metaphysical Realism"
       20. R.M. Sainsbury and Timothy Williamson, "Sorites"
       21. Bob Hale, "Modality"
       22. Graeme Forbes, "Essentialism"
       23. Robert Stalnaker, "Reference and Necessity"
       24. Jason Stanley, "Names and Rigid Designation", pp. 555--583
       25. John Perry, "Indexicals and Demonstratives"
       26. E.J. Lowe, "Objects and Criteria of Identity"
       27. Harold Noonan,  "Relative Identity"},
  ISBN = {0631167579},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ hale_k:1981a,
  author = {Ken Hale},
  title = {On the Position of {W}albiri in a Typology of the Base},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {Walbiri-language;universal-grammar;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hale_k-keyser:1992a,
  author = {Ken Hale and {Samuel Jay} Keyser},
  title = {The Syntactic Character of Thematic Structure},
  booktitle = {Thematic Structure: Its Role in Grammar},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Iggy M. Roca},
  pages = {107--143},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {thematic-roles;argument-structure;}  
  } 

@article{ hale_k:1999a,
  author = {Ken Hale},
  title = {A Response to {F}odor and {LePore}, `Impossible
		Words?'},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {453--466},
  xref = {Criticism, discussion of: fodor_ja-lepore:1996a.},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hall_n:1994a,
  author = {Ned Hall},
  title = {Back in the {CCCP}},
  booktitle = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational
       Decision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {141--160},
  editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {probability;primitive-conditional-probability;
  	nonstandard-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ hall_n:2000a,
  author = {Ned Hall},
  title = {Causation and the Price of Transitivity},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {4},
  pages = {198--222},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@article{ hall_n:2002a,
  author = {Ned Hall},
  title = {Non-Locality on the Cheap?  A New Problem for Counterfactual 
  	Analyses of Causation},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {36},
  number = {2},
  pages = {276--294},
  topic = {conditionals;causality;} 
  } 

@article{ hall_rp:1987a,
  author = {Rogers P.  Hall},
  title = {Computational Approaches to Analogical Reasoning: A
  	Comparative Analysis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {39},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39--120},
  topic = {analogy;analogical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ hallam-malcolm:1994a,
  author = {J.C.T. Hallam and C.A. Malcolm},
  title = {Behaviour: Perception,
     		Action and Intelligence---The View from Situated
		Robotics},
  journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A:
  	Physical Sciences and Engineering},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {349},
  number = {1689},
  pages = {9--42},
  note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;cognitive-architectures;robotics;
  	agent-environment-interaction;minimalist-AI;
	foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
  } 

@incollection{ halle:1990a,
  author = {Morris Halle},
  title = {Phonology},
  booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science,
     Vol. 1.},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {43--68},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {phonology;}  
  } 

@article{ halliday_d:1975a,
  author = {David Halliday},
  title = {Left-Branch {NP}'s in {E}nglish: A Bar Notation Analysis},
  journal = {Linguistic Analysis},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {279--296},
  topic = {X-bar;phrase-structure-syntax;}  
  } 

@book{ halliday_m-hasan:1976a,
  author = {M.A.K. Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan},
  title = {Cohesion in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1976},
  address = {London},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;pragmatics;}  
} 

@book{ halliday_m:1985a,
  author = {Michael A. K. Halliday},
  title = {An Introduction to Functional Grammar},
  publisher = {Edward Arnold},
  year = {1985},
  address = {London},
  topic = {functional-grammar;}  
 } 

@techreport{ halpern:1983a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {A Logic to Reason about Likelihood},
  institution = {IBM Research Division},
  number = {RJ 4136 (45774)},
  year = {1983},
  address = {A Logic to Reason about Likelihood},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;probability;}  
  } 

@article{ halpern-reif:1983a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and John H. Reif},
  title = {The Propositional Logic of Deterministic, Well-Structured
  	Programs},
  journal = {Theoretical Computer Science},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {127--165},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {theory-of-programming-languages;}  
  } 

@techreport{ halpern-mcallester:1984a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and David A. McAllester},
  title = {Likelihood, Probability, and Knowledge},
  institution = {{IBM} Research Laboratory},
  number = {RJ 4313},
  year = {1984},
  address = {San Jose, California},
  topic = {branching-time;probability;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ halpern-moses_y:1984a1,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses},
  title = {Towards a Theory of Knowledge and Ignorance},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {AAAI} Workshop on Non-Monotonic
  	Logic},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {125--143},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address},
  xref = {halpern-moses_y:1984a2},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;}  
  } 

@incollection{ halpern-moses_y:1984a2,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses},
  title = {Towards a Theory of Knowledge and Ignorance},
  booktitle = {Logics and Models of Concurrent Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Krzysztof R. Apt},
  pages = {459--476},
  address = {Berlin},
  xref = {halpern-moses_y:1984a1},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ halpern-shoham_y1:1984a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {A Propositional Modal Interval Logic},
  year = {1984},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, IBM ALmaden Research Center},
  topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;tmix-project;}  
  } 

@techreport{ halpern-moses_y:1985a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses},
  title = {A Guide to the Modal Logic of Knowledge and Belief},
  institution = {{IBM} Research Laboratory},
  number = {RJ 4753},
  year = {1985},
  address = {San Jose, California},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ halpern:1986a,
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference ({TARK} 1986)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;epistemic-logic;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ halpern:1986b,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Reasoning about Knowledge: An Overview},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {1--17},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ halpern:1986c,
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference ({TARK} 1986)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;epistemic-logic;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ halpern-vardi:1986a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {The Complexity of Reasoning about Knowledge and Time},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual {ACM} Symposium on
  	Theory of Computing},
  year = {1986},
  pages = {304--315},
  organization = {{ACM}},
  missinginfo = {Editor, Publisher, Address},
  topic = {algorithmic-complexity;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ halpern-rabin:1987a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Michael O. Rabin},
  title = {A Logic to Reason about Likelihood},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  pages = {379--405},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We present a logic LL which uses a modal operator L to help
     capture the notion of being likely.  Despite the fact that
     likelihood is not assigned quantitative values through
     probabilities, LL captures many of the properties of likelihood
     in an intuitively appealing way.  We give a possible-worlds style
     semantics to LL, and, using standard techniques of modal logic,
     we give a complete axiomatization for LL and show that
     satisfiability of LL formulas can be decided in exponential
     time.  We discuss how the logic might be used in areas such as
     medical diagnosis, where decision making in the face of
     uncertainties is crucial.  We conclude by using LL to give a
     formal proof of correctness of some aspects of a protocol for
     exchanging secrets.  } ,
  topic = {probability-semantics;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ halpern:1988a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Reasoning about Knowledge: A Tutorial},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {161},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;protocol-analysis;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ halpern-vardi:1988c,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {The Complexity of Reasoning about Knowledge and Time
  	in Asynchonous Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual {ACM} Symposium on
  	Theory of Computing},
  year = {1986},
  pages = {53--65},
  organization = {{ACM}},
  missinginfo = {Editor, Publisher, Address},
  topic = {algorithmic-complexity;epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ halpern-fagin:1989a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Ronald Fagin},
  title = {Modelling Knowledge and Action in Distributed Systems},
  journal = {Distributed Computing},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {159--179},
  topic = {distributed-systems;protocol-design;}  
  } 

@article{ halpern-moses_y:1989a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses},
  title = {Taken by Surprise:  The Paradox of the Surprise Test
  	Revisited},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3},
  pages = {281--304},
  topic = {surprise-examination-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ halpern-vardi:1989a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {The Complexity of Reasoning about Knowledge and Time {I}:
  	Lower Bounds},
  journal = {Journal of Computer and System Sciences},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {195--237},
  topic = {algorithmic-complexity;epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@techreport{ halpern:1990a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {A Note on Knowledge-Based Protocols and Specifications},
  institution = {{IBM} Research Laboratory},
  number = {RJ 8454},
  year = {1990},
  address = {San Jose, California},
  topic = {protocol-analysis;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ halpern:1990b,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {An Analysis of First-Order Logics of Probability},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {46},
  number = {3},
  pages = {311--350},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We consider two approaches to giving semantics to first-order
     logics of probability. The first approach puts a probability on
     the domain, and is appropriate for giving semantics to formulas
     involving statistical information such as ``The probability that
     a randomly chosen bird flies is greater than 0.9''. The second
     approach puts a probability on possible worlds, and is
     appropriate for giving semantics to formulas describing degrees
     of belief such as ``The probability that Tweety (a particular
     bird) flies is greater than 0.9''. We show that the two
     approaches can be easily combined, allowing us to reason in a
     straightforward way about statistical information and degrees of
     belief. We then consider axiomatizing these logics. In general,
     it can be shown that no complete axiomatization is possible. We
     provide axiom systems that are sound and complete in cases where
     a complete axiomatization is possible, showing that they do
     allow us to capture a great deal of interesting reasoning about
     probability.
  } ,
  topic = {probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ halpern-etal:1990a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses and O. Waarts},
  title = {A Characterization of Eventual {B}yzantine Agreement},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth {ACM} Symposium on
  	Principles of Distributed Computing},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {333--346},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher},
  topic = {Byzantine-agreement;communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ halpern-fagin:1990a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Ronald Fagin},
  title = {Two Views of Belief: Belief as Generalized Probability and
  	Belief as Evidence},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  pages = {112--119},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  xref = {Journal publication: halpern-fagin:1992a.},
  topic = {belief-revision;probabilistic-reasoning;belief;}  
  } 

@article{ halpern-moses_y:1990a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses},
  title = {Knowledge and Common Knowledge in a Distributed
  	Environment},
  journal = {Journal of the {ACM}},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {37},
  number = {3},
  pages = {549--587},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-belief;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ halpern-vardi:1991a1,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {Model Checking Versus Theorem Proving: A Manifesto},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {325--334},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {halpern-vardi:1991a1},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;theorem-proving;model-checking;}  
  } 

@incollection{ halpern-vardi:1991a2,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe W. Vardi},
  title = {Model Checking Versus Theorem Proving: A Manifesto},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {151--176},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;theorem-proving;model-checking;}  
  } 

@article{ halpern-fagin:1992a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Ronald Fagin},
  title = {Two Views of Belief: Belief as Generalized Probability and
  	Belief as Evidence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {54},
  number = {3},
  pages = {275--317},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Belief functions are mathematical objects defined to satisfy
     three axioms that look somewhat similar to the Kolmogorov axioms
     defining probability functions.  We argue that there are (at
     least) two useful and quite different ways of understanding
     belief functions.  The first is as a generalized probability
     function (which technically corresponds to the inner measure
     induced by a probability function).  The second is as a way of
     representing evidence.  Evidence, in turn, can be understood as a
     mapping from probability functions to probability functions.  It
     makes sense to think of updating a belief if we think of it as a
     generalized probability.  On the other hand, it makes sense to
     combine two beliefs (using, say, Dempster's rule of combination)
     only if we think of the belief functions as representing
     evidence.  Many previous papers have pointed out problems with
     the belief function approach; the claim of this paper is that
     these problems can be explained as a consequence of confounding
     these two views of belief functions.  } ,
  xref = {Conference publication: halpern-fagin:1990a.},
  topic = {belief-revision;probabilistic-reasoning;belief;}  
  } 

@article{ halpern-moses_y:1992a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses},
  title = {A Guide to Completeness and Complexity for Modal Logics
  	of Knowledge and Belief},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {54},
  number = {3},
  pages = {319--379},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ halpern-zuck:1992a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and L.D. Zuck},
  title = {A Little Knowledge Goes a Long Way: Knowledge-Based
  	Derivations and Correctness Proofs for a Family of Protocols},
  journal = {Journal of the {ACM}},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {39},
  number = {3},
  pages = {449--478},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {protocol-analysis;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ halpern:1993a,
  author = {Joseph Halpern},
  title = {Reasoning about Only Knowing with Many Agents},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert},
  pages = {655--661},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ halpern:1993b,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Reasoning about Knowledge: A Survey Circa 1991},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology},
  publisher = {Marcel Dekker},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {A. Kent and J.G. Williams},
  pages = {665--661},
  address = {New York},
  note = {Volume 27 (Supplement 12).},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ halpern:1993c,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {A Critical Reexamination of Default Logic, Autoepistemic
  	Logic, and Only Knowing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings, Third G\"odel Colloquium},
  year = {1993},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages, specific topic},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ halpern-tuttle:1993a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and M.R. Tuttle},
  title = {Knowledge, Probability and Adversaries},
  journal = {Journal of the {ACM}},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {40},
  number = {4},
  pages = {917--962},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ halpern-etal:1994a,
  author = {Jospeh Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses and Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {Algorithmic Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {255--266},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {knowing-how;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ halpern:1995a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {The Effect of Bounding the Number of Primitive
  	Propositions and the Depth of Nesting on the Complexity of
	Modal Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {75},
  number = {2},
  pages = {361--372},
  topic = {modal-logic;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ halpern-koller:1995a,
  author = {Joseph Halpern and Daphne Koller},
  title = {Representation Dependence in Probabilistic Inference},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1853--1860},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  contentnote = {Explores an interesting property of KR systems; do
  	you get different answers if you represent in different
	but equivalent ways?},
  topic = {knowledge-representation;kr-course;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ halpern-lakemeyer:1995a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Gerhard Lakemeyer},
  title = {Levesque's Axiomatization of Only Knowing is Incomplete},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {74},
  number = {2},
  pages = {381--387},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ halpern:1996a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Defining Relative Likelihood in Partially-Ordered
  	Structures},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth Conference on Uncertainty
  	in Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {299--306},
  missinginfo = {Organization, editor, publisher, address.},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ halpern:1996b,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Should Knowledge Entail Belief?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {5},
  pages = {483--494},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;belief;philosophy-of-belief;}  
  } 

@incollection{ halpern:1996c,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {On Ambiguities in the Interpretation of Game Trees},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {77--96},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {game-theory;resource-limited-reasoning;game-trees;
  	reasoning-about-knowledge;absent-minded-driver-problem;
	temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ halpern-lakemeyer:1996a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Gerhard Lakemeyer},
  title = {Multi-Agent Only Knowing},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {251--265},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;multiagent-epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ halpern:1997a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {A Critical Reexamination of Default Logic, Autoepistemic
  	Logic, and Only Knowing},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {144--163},
  topic = {default-logic;autoepistemic-logic;epistemic-logic;
  	nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ halpern:1997b,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {A Theory of Knowledge and Ignorance for Many Agents},
  journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {79--108},
  topic = {autoepistemic-logic;epistemic-logic;
  	nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ halpern:1998a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Hypothetical Knowledge and Counterfactual Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {83--96},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;conditionals;
  	foundations-of-game-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ halpern:1998b,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Characterizing the Common Prior Assumption},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {133--146},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;foundations-of-game-theory;
  	common-prior-assumption;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ halpern-moses_y:1998a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses},
  title = {Using Counterfactuals in Knowledge-Based Programming},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {97--110},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;conditionals;
  	knowledge-based-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ halpern:2000a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Review of {\it Probability and Conditionals: Belief
  	Revision and Rational Decision}, edited by {E}llery {E}ells
	and {B}rian {S}kyrms},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {109},
  number = {2},
  pages = {277--281},
  xref = {Review of eells-skyrms:1994a.},
  topic = {probability;conditionals;CCCP;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ halpern:2000b,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Lexicographic Probability, Conditional Probability,
  	and Nonstandard Probability},
  year = {2000},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	Cornell University.  Available at
	http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/halpern},
  topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;nonstandard-probability;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ halpern-pearl:2000b,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Causes and Explanations: A Structural-Model Approach},
  year = {2000},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	Cornell University.},
  topic = {causality;explanation;}  
  } 

@article{ halpern-etal:2001a,
  author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Robert Harper and Neil Immerman
  	and Phokion G. Kolaitis and Moshe Vardi and Victor Vianu},
  title = {On the Unusual Effectiveness of Logic in Computer Science},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {213--236},
  topic = {logic-in-cs;}  
  } 

@article{ halpin:1988a,
  author = {John F. Halpin},
  title = {Indeterminism, Indeterminateness, and Tense Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {3},
  pages = {207--219},
  acontentnote = {Abstract: 
     In this paper, I distinguish the concept of an indeterminate
     future from the more general concept of an indeterministic
     future.  I then consider tense logics appropriate for the
     context of an indeterminate future.  The bulk of the paper deals
     with Richmond Thomason's theory of tense; I argue that this
     theory of tense, though it has important motivations, makes
     problematic claims about past tense, future tense, and truth
     operators of English.  For instance, I show that on Thomason's
     theory a statement of the form `It will be true that...' can be
     true even though the component sentence which fills in ...'  Is
     true at no time in the future.  I also argue that certain
     revisions of this theory fail as well.    } ,
  topic = {branching-time;tmix-project;future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ halvorsen:1978a,
  author = {Per-Kristian Halvorsen},
  title = {Syntax and Semantics of Cleft-Constructions},
  journal = {Texas Linguistic Forum},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {11},
  missinginfo = {number, pages},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;cleft-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ halvorsen-ladusaw:1979a,
  author = {Per-Kristian Halvorsen and William A. Ladusaw},
  title = {Montague's `{U}niversal {G}rammar': An Introduction to the
  	Linguist},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {185--223},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ halvorsen:1983a,
  author = {Per-Kristian Halvorsen},
  title = {Semantics for Lexical-Functional Grammar},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {567--615},
  topic = {nl-semantics;LFG;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ halvorsen:1988a,
  author = {Per-Kristian Halvorsen},
  title = {Situation Semantics and Semantic Interpretation in
		Constraint-Based Grammars},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Fifth
		Generation Computer Systems},
  year = {1988},
  missinginfo = {Organization, publisher, address, pages},
  topic = {situation-semantics;constraint-based-grammar;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ halvorsen-kaplan:1988a,
  author = {Per-Kristian Halvorsen and Ronald M. Kaplan},
  title = {Projections and Semantic Description in
		Lexical-Functional Grammar},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Fifth
		Generation Computer Systems},
  year = {1988},
  missinginfo = {Organization, publisher, address, pages},
  topic = {nl-semantics;LFG;}  
  } 

@article{ halvorsen_h-clifton_r:2002a,
  author = {Hans Halvorsen and Rob Clifton},
  title = {No Place for Particles in Relativistic Quantum Theories?},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--28},
  topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;quantum-electrodynamics;
  	philosophy-of-physics;} 
  } 

@article{ halvorson:2001a,
  author = {Hans Halvorson},
  title = {On the Nature of Continuous Physical Quantities in 
  	Classical and Quantum Mechanics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--50},
  topic = {foundations-of-physics;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;
  	continuity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hamamoto:1998a,
  author = {Hideki Hamamoto},
  title = {Irony from a Cognitive Perspective},
  booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida},
  pages = {257--270},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {relevance-theory;irony;}  
  } 

@book{ hamblin:1970a,
  author = {Charles L. Hamblin},
  title = {Fallacies},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1970},
  address = {London},
  topic = {argumentation;vagueness;}  
 } 

@article{ hamblin:1971a,
  author = {Charles L. Hamblin},
  title = {Mathematical Models of Dialogue},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {37},
  pages = {130--155},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {discourse;dialogue-logic;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ hamblin:1972a,
  author = {Charles L. Hamblin},
  title = {Quandaries and the Logic of Rules},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {74--85},
  topic = {deontic-logic;moral-conflict;}  
  } 

@article{ hamblin:1973a1,
  author = {Charles Hamblim},
  title = {Questions in {M}ontague {E}nglish},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--53},
  xref = {Republication: hamblin:1973a2},
  topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hamblin:1973a2,
  author = {Charles L. Hamblin},
  title = {Questions in {M}ontague {E}nglish},
  booktitle = {Montague Grammar},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Barbara H. Partee},
  address = {New York},
  pages = {247--259},
  xref = {Journal Publication: hamblin:1973a1},
  topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@book{ hamblin:1987a,
  author = {Charles L. Hamblin},
  title = {Imperatives},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1987},
  address = {London},
  topic = {imperatives;deontic-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ hamburger-richards_d:2002a,
  author = {Henry Hamburger and Dana Richards},
  title = {Logic and Language Models for Computer Science},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {2002},
  address = {Upper Saddle River, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0-13-065487-6},
  topic = {logic-in-CS-intro;} 
 } 

@unpublished{ hamm-vanlambalgen:2000a,
  author = {Fritz Hamm and Michael van Lambalgen},
  title = {Event Calculus, Nominalization, and the Progressive},
  year = {2000},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of T\"ubingen},
  topic = {action-formalisms;tense-aspect;Aktionsarten;}  
  } 

@article{ hammer-kogan:1993a,
  author = {Peter L. Hammer and Alexander Kogan},
  title = {Optimal Compression of Propositional {H}orn Knowledge Bases:
  	Complexity and Approximation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {64},
  number = {1},
  pages = {131--145},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Horn formulae play a prominent role in artificial intelligence
     and logic programming. In this paper we investigate the problem
     of optimal compression of propositional Horn production rule
     knowledge bases. The standard approach to this problem,
     consisting in the removal of redundant rules from a knowledge
     base, leads to an ``irredundant'' but not necessarily optimal
     knowledge base.  We prove here that the number of rules in any
     irredundant Horn knowledge base involving n propositional
     variables is at most n-1 times the minimum possible number of
     rules.  Therefore, the quadratic time transformation of an
     arbitrary Horn production rule base to an equivalent irredundant
     and prime one (presented in [9]) provides a reasonable
     approximation algorithm. In order to formalize the optimal
     compression problem, we define a Boolean function of a knowledge
     base as being the function whose set of true points is the set
     of models of the knowledge base.  In this way the optimal
     compression of production rule knowledge bases becomes a problem
     of Boolean function minimization. In this paper we prove that
     the minimization of Horn functions (i.e. Boolean functions
     associated to Horn knowledge bases) is NP-complete.
  } ,
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;compression-algorithms;Horn-theories;}  
  } 

@book{ hammer:1995a,
  author = {Eric M. Hammer},
  title = {Logic and Visual Information},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  xref = {Review: lemmon_o:1997a.},
  topic = {statecharts;reasoning-with-diagrams;diagrams;
  	visual-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ hammer:1996a,
  author = {Eric M. Hammer},
  title = {Symmetry as a Method of Proof},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {5},
  pages = {523--543},
  topic = {visual-reasoning;symmetry;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ hammer-danner:1996a,
  author = {Eric M. Hammer and Norman Danner},
  title = {Towards a Model Theory of Diagrams},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {5},
  pages = {463--482},
  topic = {diagrams;visual-reasoning;reasoning-with-diagrams;}  
  } 

@article{ hammer:1998a,
  author = {Eric M. Hammer},
  title = {Semantics for Existential Graphs},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {5},
  pages = {489--503},
  topic = {Peirce;existential-graphs;history-of-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hammond:1983a,
  author = {Kristen J. Hammond},
  title = {Planning and Goal Interaction: The Use of Past Solutions
  	in Present Situations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {148--151},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {planning;plan-reuse;}  
 } 

@article{ hammond:1990a,
  author = {Kristian J. Hammond},
  title = {Explaining and Repairing Plans that Fail},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {173--228},
  topic = {planning;plan-reuse;}  
  } 

@article{ hammond-etal:1995a,
  author = {Kristian J. Hammond and Timothy M. Converse and Joshua W.
  	Grass},
  title = {The Stabilization of Environments},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {72},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {305--327},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In planning and activity research there are two common
     approaches to matching agents with environments.  Either the
     agent is designed with a specific environment in mind, or it is
     provided with learning capabilities so that it can adapt to the
     environment it is placed in.  In this paper we look at a third
     and underexploited alternative: designing agents which adapt
     their environments to suit themselves.  We call this
     stabilization, and we present a taxonomy of types of stability
     that human beings typically both rely on and enforce.  We also
     taxonomize the ways in which stabilization behaviors can be cued
     and learned.  We illustrate these ideas with a program called
     FIXPOINT, which improves its performance over time by
     stabilizing its environment.},
  topic = {adapting-to-environments;planning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hamon-etal:1998a,
  author = {Thierry Hamon and Adeline Nazarenko and C\'ecile Gros},
  title = {A Step towards the Detection of Semantic Variants of Terms
  	in Technical Documents},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {498--504},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {computational-semantics;synonymy;corpus-linguistics;}  
} 

@incollection{ hamp-feldwig:1997a,
  author = {Birgit Hamp and Helmut Feldwig},
  title = {Germa{N}et---A Lexical-Semantic Net for {G}erman},
  booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of
  	Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari
  	and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks},
  pages = {9--15},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {WordNet;German-language;}  
  } 

@article{ hampshire:1965a,
  author = {Stuart Hampshire},
  title = {J.{L}. {A}ustin and Philosophy},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {19},
  pages = {511--513},
  topic = {JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hampshire:1969a,
  author = {Stuart Hampshire},
  title = {{J.L Austin}, 1911--1960},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {33--48},
  address = {London},
  contentnote = {Contains comments by J.O Urmson and G.J. Warnock.},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@book{ hampshire:1971a,
  author = {Stuart Hampshire},
  title = {Freedom of the Will and Other Essays},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  topic = {freedom;}  
 } 

@article{ hamscher:1991a,
  author = {Walter C. Hamscher},
  title = {Modeling Digital Circuits for Troubleshooting},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {223--271},
  topic = {diagnosis;}  
  } 

@article{ han_cc-lee:1988a,
  author = {Ching-Chih Han and Chia-Hoang Lee},
  title = {Comments on {M}ohr and {H}enderson's Path Consistency
  	Algorithm},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {36},
  number = {1},
  pages = {125--130},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Mohr and Henderson have presented new algorithms for arc and
     path consistency in [1].  Though the underlying ideas of their
     algorithms are correct, the path consistency algorithm PC-3 is
     in error.  In this paper we point out the errors in this
     algorithm and give a correct one.  The time complexity and space
     complexity of the revised algorithm are also analyzed.},
  topic = {arc-(in)consistency;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ han_ys-choi:1996a,
  author = {Young S. Han and Key-Sun Choi},
  title = {A Chart Re-Estimation Algorithm for a Probabilistic
  	Recursive Transition Network},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {421--429},
  topic = {recursive-transition-networks;probabilistic-algorithms;
  	chart-parsing;parsing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ hancher:1979a,
  author = {Michael Hancher},
  title = {The Classification of Co-Operative Illocutionary Acts},
  journal = {Language in Society},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--14},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ hancock_pa-chignell:1989a,
  editor = {P.A. Hancock and M.H. Chignell},
  title = {Intelligent Interfaces: Theory, Research, and Design},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444873139},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ hancock_r:1960a,
  author = {R. Hancock},
  title = {Presuppositions},
  journal = {The Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {73--78},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ hand:1988a,
  author = {Michael Hand},
  title = {The Dependency Constraint: A Global Constraint
  	on Strategies in Game-Theoretic Semantics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {395--413},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;nl-semantics;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@article{ hand:1991a,
  author = {Michael Hand},
  title = {On Saying That Again},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {349--365},
  xref = {Commentary on lepore-loewer:1989a.},
  topic = {indirect-discourse;propositional-attitudes;propositions
  	philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ hand:1993a,
  author = {Michael Hand},
  title = {Parataxis and Parentheticals},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {5},
  pages = {495--507},
  topic = {Davidson;indirect-discourse;parentheticals;}  
  } 

@article{ handelman:1996a,
  author = {Eliot Handelman},
  title = {Review of {\it Interactive Music Systems: Machine
  	Listening and Composing}, by Robert Rowe},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {79},
  number = {2},
  pages = {349--359},
  xref = {Review of rowe:1993a.},
  topic = {AI-and-music;}  
  } 

@techreport{ hanks-mcdermott_d:1985a,
  author = {Steven Hanks and Drew McDermott},
  title = {Temporal Reasoning and Default Logics},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, Yale University},
  number = {YALEU/CSD/RR\#430},
  year = {1985},
  address = {New Haven, Connecticut},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hanks-mcdermott_d:1986a1,
  author = {Steven Hanks and Drew McDermott},
  title = {Default Reasoning, Nonmonotonic Logics and the
		Frame Problem},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  pages = {328--333},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication: hanks-mcdermott_d:1986a2.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;frame-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hanks-mcdermott_d:1986a2,
  author = {Steven Hanks and Drew McDermott},
  title = {Default Reasoning, Nonmonotonic Logics and the Frame
      Problem},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {390--395},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: hanks-mcdermott_d:1986a1.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;frame-problem;}  
  } 

@article{ hanks-mcdermott_d:1987a,
  author = {Steven Hanks and Drew McDermott},
  title = {Non-Monotonic Logics and Temporal Projection},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {33},
  number = {3},
  pages = {379--412},
  topic = {kr;yale-shooting-problem;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hanks:1990a,
  author = {Steven Hanks},
  title = {Practical Temporal Projection},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  pages = {158--163},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hanks-weld:1992a,
  author = {Steven Hanks and David Weld},
  title = {Systematic Adaptation for Case-Based Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on
               Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {96--105},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {planning;plan-reuse;}  
  } 

@article{ hanks-mcdermott_d:1994a,
  author = {Steven Hanks and Drew McDermott},
  title = {Modeling a Dynamic and Uncertain World {I}: Symbolic and
  	Probabilistic Reasoning about Change},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {1--55},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hanks-etal:1995a,
  author = {Steve Hanks and David Madigan and Jonathan Gavrin},
  title = {Probabilistic Temporal Reasoning with Endogenous Change},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on
		Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-95)},
  year = {1995},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address, pages},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ hanks-weld:1995a,
  author = {Steven Hanks and Daniel S. Weld},
  title = {A Domain-Independent Algorithm for Plan Adaptation},
  journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {319--360},
  topic = {plan-reuse;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hanschke:1992a,
  author = {Philip Hanschke},
  title = {How to Benefit from Terminological Logics?},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {45--48},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;relational-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hanschke:1992b,
  author = {Philipp Hanschke},
  title = {Specifying Role Interaction in Concept Languages},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {318--329},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ hansen-zilberstein:2001a,
  author = {Eric A. Hansen and Shlomo Zilberstein},
  title = {{LAO}: A Heuristic-Search Algorithm that Finds Solutions
  	with Loops},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {129},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {35--62},
  topic = {heuristics;search;dynamic-programming;Markov-decision-processes;}  
  } 

@article{ hansen_ea-zilberstein:2001a,
  author = {Eric A. Hansen and Shlomo Zilberstein},
  title = {Monitoring and Control of Anytime Algorithms:
  	A Dynamic Programming Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {126},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {139--157},
  topic = {anytime-algorithms;metareasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hansen_j:1998a,
  author = {J. Hansen},
  title = {On Relations Between {A}qvist's Deontic System {G} 
	 		and {V}an {E}ck's Deontic Temporal Logic},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  pages = {129--146},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {deontic-logic;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ hansen_kb:1996a,
  author = {Kaj B\"orge Hansen},
  title = {Applied Logic},
  publisher = {Studia Philosophica Upsaliensala},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Uppsala},
  ISBN = {91-554-3845-8},
  xref = {Reviews: restall:1999a, shramko:1999a},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ hanson-hunter:1965a,
  editor = {Philip Hanson and Bruce Hunter},
  title = {Return of the A Priori},
  publisher = {University of Calgary Press},
  year = {1965},
  address = {Calgary},
  ISBN = {0919491189},
  topic = {a-priori;}  
 } 

@article{ hanson_nr:1958a,
  author = {Norwood Russell Hanson},
  title = {The Logic of Discovery},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {55},
  pages = {1073--1089},
  topic = {scientific-discovery;}  
  } 

@article{ hanson_nr:1960a,
  author = {Norwood Russell Hanson},
  title = {More on `The Logic of Discovery'},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {57},
  pages = {182--188},
  topic = {scientific-doscovery;}  
  } 

@book{ hanson_p-hunter_b:1993a,
  editor = {Philip Hanson and Bruce Hunter},
  title = {Return of the A Priori},
  publisher = {University of Calgary Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Calgary},
  ISBN = {0919491189},
  topic = {a-priori;}  
 } 

@book{ hanson_pp:1990a,
  editor = {Philip P. Hanson},
  title = {Information, Language, and Cognition},
  publisher = {University of British Columbia Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Vancouver},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Philip P. Hanson, "Preface",
	2. David J. Israel and John Perry, "What Is Information?"
	3. John W. Heintz, "Comment"
	4. Nicholas Asher, "Verbal Information, Interpretation, and
		Attitudes"
	5. Edward P. Stabler, Jr., "Comment"
	6. Robert F. Hadley, "Truth Conditions and Procedural Semantics"
	7. Zenon W. Pylyshyn, "Comment"
       10. Fred Dretske, "Putting Information to Work"
       11. Brian Cantwell Smith, "Comment"
       12. Lee R. Brooks, "Concept Formation and Particularizing Learning"
       13. Paul Thagard,  "Comment"
       14. Jerry Fodor, "Information and Representation"
       15. Ali Akhtar Kazmi, "Comment"
       16. Nicholas Asher, Lee R. Brooks, Fred Dretske, Jerry Fodor,
           John Perry, Zenon W. Pylyshyn, and Brian Cantwell Smith,
       	   David J. Israel, "Roundtable Discussion"
       17. Scott Soames, "Belief and Mental Representation"
       18. Fred Landman, "Partial Information, Modality, and Intentionality"
       19. Carl J. Pollard and M. Andrew Moshier, "Unifying Partial
       		Descriptions of Sets"
       20. Kim Sterelny, "Animals and Individualism"
       22. David Kirsh, "When Is Information Explicitly Represented?"
       23. Ian Pratt, "Psychological Inference, Constitutive
       		Rationality, and Logical Closure"
       23. John D. Collier, "Intrinsic Information"
   } ,
  ISBN = {0774803274},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;nl-semantics-and-cognition;
  	theories-of-information;}  
 } 

@book{ hanson_pr:1990a,
  editor = {Philip R. Hanson},
  title = {Information, Language, and Cognition},
  publisher = {University of British Columbia Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Vancouver},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Philip P. Hanson, "Preface",
	2. David J. Israel and John Perry, "What Is Information?"
	3. John W. Heintz, "Comment"
	4. Nicholas Asher, "Verbal Information, Interpretation, and
		Attitudes"
	5. Edward P. Stabler, Jr., "Comment"
	6. Robert F. Hadley, "Truth Conditions and Procedural Semantics"
	7. Zenon W. Pylyshyn, "Comment"
       10. Fred Dretske, "Putting Information to Work"
       11. Brian Cantwell Smith, "Comment"
       12. Lee R. Brooks, "Concept Formation and Particularizing Learning"
       13. Paul Thagard,  "Comment"
       14. Jerry Fodor, "Information and Representation"
       15. Ali Akhtar Kazmi, "Comment"
       16. Nicholas Asher, Lee R. Brooks, Fred Dretske, Jerry Fodor,
           John Perry, Zenon W. Pylyshyn, and Brian Cantwell Smith,
       	   David J. Israel, "Roundtable Discussion"
       17. Scott Soames, "Belief and Mental Representation"
       18. Fred Landman, "Partial Information, Modality, and Intentionality"
       19. Carl J. Pollard and M. Andrew Moshier, "Unifying Partial
       		Descriptions of Sets"
       20. Kim Sterelny, "Animals and Individualism"
       22. David Kirsh, "When Is Information Explicitly Represented?"
       23. Ian Pratt, "Psychological Inference, Constitutive
       		Rationality, and Logical Closure"
       23. John D. Collier, "Intrinsic Information"
   } ,
  ISBN = {0-19-507309-6},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;nl-semantics-and-cognition;
  	theories-of-information;}  
 } 

@book{ hanson_s-etal:1994a,
  editor = {Stephen J. Hanson and George A. Drastal and Ronald L. Rivest},
  title = {Computational Learning Theory and Natural Learning Systems},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {learning;learning-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ hanson_wh:1997a,
  author = {William H. Hanson},
  title = {The Concept of Logical Consequence},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {106},
  number = {3},
  pages = {365--409},
  topic = {logical-consequence;a-priori;philosophy-of-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ hanson_wh:1999a,
  author = {William H. Hanson},
  title = {Ray on {T}arski on Logical Consequence},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {6},
  pages = {607--618},
  topic = {logical-consequence;Tarski;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson:2000a,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {Coherentist Contraction},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {3},
  pages = {315--330},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson:2000b,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {Formalization in Philosophy},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {162--175},
  topic = {logical-philosophy;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson-etal:2001a,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson and Eduardo Leopoldo Ferm\'e and John
  	Cantwell and Marcello Alejandro Falappa},
  title = {Credibility Limited Revision},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {66},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1581--1596},
  topic = {belief-revision;} 
  } 

@article{ hansson_b:1969a1,
  author = {Bengt Hansson},
  title = {An Analysis of Some Deontic Logics},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {373--398},
  missinginfo = {number.},
  xref = {Republication: hansson_b:1969a2.},
  title = {An Analysis of Some Deontic Logics},
  booktitle = {Deontic Logic: Introductory and Systematic Readings},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  year = {1971},
  pages = {121--147},
  xref = {Republication of: hansson_b:1969a1.},
  title = {A Program for Pragmatics},
  booktitle = {Logical Theory and Semantic Analysis},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {S{\o}ren Stenlund},
  pages = {163--174},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson_b:1990a,
  author = {Bengt Hansson},
  title = {Preference-Based Deontic Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--93},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {deontic-logic;preferences;qualitative-utility;}  
 } 

@article{ hansson_o-etal:1992a,
  author = {Othar Hansson and Andrew Mayer and Marco Valtorta},
  title = {A New Result on the Complexity of Heuristic Estimates for
  	the {A}* Algorithm},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {55},
  number = {1},
  pages = {129--143},
  topic = {search;complexity-in-AI;A*-algorithm;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson_so:1986a,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {Individuals and Collective Actions},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {52},
  pages = {87--97},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {group-action;action;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hansson_so:1989a,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {Hidden Structures of Belief},
  booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in
  	Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott},
  pages = {79--100},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {belief-revision;belief;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson_so:1989b,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {New Operators for Theory Change},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1955},
  volume = {55},
  pages = {114--132},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson_so:1989c,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {Reversing the {L}evi Identity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {175--203},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson_so:1990a,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {Preference-Based Deontic Logic ({PDL})},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--93},
  topic = {deontic-logic;preferences;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ hansson_so:1991a,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {Belief Base Dynamics},
  school = {Uppsala University},
  year = {1991},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  missinginfo = {Address},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@article{ hansson_so:1991b,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {Belief Contraction without Recovery},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {50},
  number = {2},
  pages = {251--260},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson_so:1992a,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {In Defense of Base Contraction},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {91},
  pages = {239--245},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hansson_so:1992b,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {A Dyadic Representation of Belief},
  booktitle = {Belief Revision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  pages = {89--121},
  address = {Cambridge},
  topic = {belief-revision;epistemic-logic;belief;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson_so:1992c,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {In Defence of the {R}amsey Test},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {89},
  pages = {522--540},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson_so:1993a,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {Changes in Disjunctively Closed Bases},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {255--284},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson_so:1993b,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {Reversing the {L}evi Identity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {6},
  pages = {637--669},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hansson_so:1994a,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {Taking Belief Bases Seriously},
  booktitle = {Logic and Philosophy of Science in Uppsala},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Dag Prawitz and D. Westerstahl},
  pages = {13--28},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson_so:1994b,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {Kernel Contraction},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  pages = {845--859},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hansson_so:1995a,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {The Emperor's New Clothes:  Some Recurring
		Problems in the Formal Analysis of Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig},
  pages = {13--31},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson_so:1996a,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {What Is {\it Ceteris Paribus} Preference?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {3},
  pages = {307--332},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;preferences;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson_so:1996b,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {Knowledge-Level Analysis of Belief Base Operations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {82},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {215--235},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson_so:1996c,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {A Test Battery for Rational Database Updating},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {82},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {341--352},
  topic = {belief-revision;database-update;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson_so:1997a,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {Situationist Deontic Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {4},
  pages = {423--448},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson_so:1998a,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {Editorial: Belief Revision Today},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {123--126},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hansson_so:1998b,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {Revision of Belief Sets and Belief Bases},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 3:  Belief Change},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  pages = {16--75},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson_so:1999a,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {Recovery and Epistemic Residue},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {421--428},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ hansson_so:2002a,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson},
  title = {The Role of Language in Belief Revision},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--21},
  topic = {belief-revision;} 
  } 

@article{ hansson_so-wasserman:2002a,
  author = {Sven Ove Hansson and Renata Wasserman},
  title = {Local Change},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49--76},
  topic = {belief-revision;} 
  } 

@book{ harabagiu:1998a,
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  title = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1.  Jiri Stetina and Sadao Kurohashi and Makoto Nagao,
		"General Word Sense Disambiguation Method Based
		on A Full Sentential Context", pp. 1--8
	2.  Eric V. Siegel, "Disambiguating Verbs with the
		{W}ord{N}et Category of Direct Object", pp. 9--15
        3.  Rada Mihalcea and Dan I. Moldovan, "Word Sense
		Disambiguation Based on Semantic Density", pp. 16--22
        4.  Janyce Wiebe and Tom O'Hara and Rebecca Bruce,
		"Constructing {B}ayesian Networks from {W}ord{N}et
		for Word-Sense Disambiguation: Representational
		and Processing Issues", pp. 23--30
        5.  Rila Mandala and Takenobu Tokunaga and Hozumi Tanaka,
		"The Use of {W}ord{N}et in Information
		Retrieval", pp. 31--37
	6.    Julio Gonzalo and Felisa Verdejo and Irina Chugar
	     	and Juan Cigarr\'an, "Indexing with {W}ord{N}et
		Synsets Can Improve Text Retrieval", pp. 38--44
        7.  Sam Scott and Stan Matwin, "Text Classification Using
		{W}ord{N}et Hypernyms", pp. 45--51
        8.  Christiane Fellbaum, "Towards a Representation of Idioms
		in {W}ord{N}et", pp. 52--57
        9.  Fernando Gomez, "Linking {W}ord{N}et Verb Classes to
		Semantic Interpretation", pp. 58--64
        10. Xavier Farreres and German Rigau and Horacio Rodr\'iguez,
		"Using {W}ord{N}et for Building {W}ord{N}ets", pp. 65--72
        11.  Oi Yee Kwong, "Aligning {W}ord{N}et with Additional
		1exical Resources", pp. 73--79
        12.  Roberto Basili and Alessandro Cucchiarelli and Carlo
		Consoli and Maria Teresa Pazienza and Paola Velardi,
		 "Automatic Adaptation of {W}ord{N}et to Sublanguages
		 and to Computational Tasks", pp. 80--86
        13.  Simonetta Montemagni and Vito Pirelli, "Augmenting
		 {W}ord{N}et-like Lexical Resources with Distributional
		 Evidence.  An Application-Oriented
                 Perspective", pp. 87--93
        14.  Tom O'Hara and Kavi Mahesh and Sergei Nirenburg, "Lexical
		Acquisition with {W}ord{N}et and the Mikrokosmos
		Ontology", pp. 94--101
        15.  Alistair Campell and Stuart C. Shapiro, "Algorithms for
		Ontological Mediation", pp. 102--107
        16.  Noriko Tomuro, "Semi-Automatic Induction of Systematic
		Polysemy from {W}ord{N}et", pp. 108--114
        17.  Michael McHale, "A Comparison of {W}ord{N}et and Roget's
		Taxonomy for Measuring Semantic Similarity", pp. 115--120
        18.  Yuval Krymolowski and Dan Roth, "Incorporating Knowledge
		in Natural Language Learning:  A Case Study", pp. 121--127
        19.  Hongyan Jing, "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language
		Generation", pp. 128--134
        20.  Doug Beeferman, "Lexical Discovery with an Enriched
		Semantic Network", pp. 135--141
        21.  Sanda M. Harabagiu, "Deriving Metonymic Coercions from
		{W}ord{N}et", pp. 142--148
  	},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;}  
 } 

@incollection{ harabagiu:1998b,
  author = {Sanda M. Harabagiu},
  title = {Deriving Metonymic Coercions from {W}ord{N}et},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {142--148},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;metonymy;metaphor;semantic-coercion;
  	word-acquisition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harabagiu-maiorano:1999a,
  author = {Sandra Harabagiu and Stephen Maiorano},
  title = {Knowledge-Lean Coreference Resolution and Its Relation
  	to Textual Cohesion and Coreference},
  booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and
  	Reference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu},
  pages = {29--38},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {reference-resolution;discourse-coherence;}  
  } 

@article{ harabagiu:2001a,
  author = {Sandra Harabagiu},
  title = {Review of {\it Advances in Information Retrieval: Recent
  	Research from the Center for Intelligent Information
	Retrieval}, by {W}. {B}ruce {C}roft},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {301--303},
  xref = {Review of: croft_wb:2000a.},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harada:1996a,
  author = {Hideyuki Nakashima and Yasunari Harada},
  title = {Situated Disambiguation with Properly Specific
  	Representation},
  booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters},
  pages = {77--99},
  topic = {situation-theory;disambiguation;}  
  } 

@article{ haralick-ripken:1975a,
  author = {Robert M. Haralick and Knut Ripken},
  title = {An Associative-Categorical Model of Word Meaning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--99},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A new dual categorical-associative model for the representation
     of word meaning is proposed.  In it, concepts are described by
     the values they have on a set of given variables (categories).  A
     statistical relatedness measure (concomitant variation) is
     computed for these values on the basis of the specified word
     universe.  An association measure between the words is defined,
     and the generalization of word clusters is introduced.  A
     comparison with associative and categorical models is made and
     the application of the dual model to verbal analogy problems is
     described.  Possible applications in Artificial Intelligence and
     Natural Language Processing are discussed.},
  topic = {semantic-similarity;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ haralick-elliott:1980a,
  author = {Robert M. Haralick and Gordon L. Elliott},
  title = {Increasing Tree Search Efficiency for Constraint
  	Satisfaction Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {263--313},
  topic = {search;constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@article{ harcourt:1999a,
  author = {Edward Harcourt},
  title = {Interpretation, the First Person, and `That'-Clauses},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  number = {3},
  pages = {459--472},
  topic = {indexicality;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ hardcastle:1999a,
  author = {Valerie Gray Hardcastle},
  title = {Scientific Papers Have Various Structures},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {66},
  number = {3},
  pages = {415--439},
  contentnote = {Idea is to use corpus techniques to test
  	hypotheses in philosophy of science.},
  topic = {scientific-documents;document-classification;
  	philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@article{ hardegree:1975a,
  author = {Gary M. Hardegree},
  title = {Stalnaker Conditionals and Quantum Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {399--421},
  topic = {conditionals;quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ hardegree:1979a,
  author = {Gary Hardegree},
  title = {Material Implication in Orthomodular (and {B}oolean)
  	Lattices},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {163--183},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ hardin_cl:1988a,
  author = {C.L. Hardin},
  title = {Phenomenal Color and Sorites},
  journal = {No{\^u}s},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {213--234},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@book{ hardin_r:1995a,
  author = {Russell Hardin},
  title = {One for All: The Logic of Group
  	Conflict},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Princeton},
  xref = {Review: gilbert:1998a.},
  topic = {group-action;foundations-of-sociology;}  
 } 

@article{ hardt:1997a,
  author = {David Hardt},
  title = {An Empirical Approach to {VP} Ellipsis},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {4},
  pages = {525--541},
  topic = {VP-ellipsis;}  
  } 

@article{ hardt:1999a,
  author = {Daniel Hardt},
  title = {Dynamic Interpretation of Verb Phrase Ellipsis},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {187--221},
  topic = {dynamic-semantics;ellipsis;verb-phrase-anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ hardy:1997a,
  author = {Thomas Hardy},
  title = {Three Problems for the Singularity Theory of Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {501--520},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ hare:1949a,
  author = {Richard M. Hare},
  title = {Imperative Sentences},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1949},
  volume = {58},
  pages = {29--31},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;imperatives;}  
  } 

@book{ hare:1952a,
  author = {Richard M. Hare},
  title = {The Language of Morals},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1952},
  topic = {ethics;emotivism;}  
    } 

@book{ hare:1963a,
  author = {Richard M. Hare},
  title = {Freedom and Reason},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1963},
  address = {Oxford},
  title = {Some Alleged Differences Between Imperatives and
  	Indicatives},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1967},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number,pages,volume},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;imperatives;}  
  } 

@article{ hare:1970a,
  author = {Richard M. Hare},
  title = {Meaning and Speech Acts},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {79},
  pages = {3--24},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ hare:1971a,
  author = {Richard M. Hare},
  title = {Practical Inferences},
  publisher = {Macmillan},
  year = {1971},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0333125991},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@book{ hare:1981a,
  author = {Richard M. Hare},
  title = {Moral Thinking: Its Levels, Method,
             and Point},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1980},
  topic = {ethics;}  
    } 

@book{ hare:1995a,
  author = {Richard M. Hare},
  title = {Practical Inferences},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262193558},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ harel:1984a,
  author = {David Harel},
  title = {Dynamic Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}:
  	Extensions of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {497--604},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ harel:1987a,
  author = {David Harel},
  title = {Algorithmics: The Spirit of Computing},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  topic = {computability;complexity-theory;}  
 } 

@techreport{ harel:1987b1,
  author = {David Harel},
  title = {On Visual Formalisms},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon
  	University},
  number = {CMU--CS--87--126},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  xref = {Journal Publication: harel:1987b2. Repub: harel:1987b3},
  topic = {finite-state-automata;diagrams;statecharts;
  	reasoning-with-diagrams;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ harel:1987b2,
  author = {David Harel},
  title = {On Visual Formalisms},
  journal = {Communications of the {ACM}},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {13},
  number = {5},
  pages = {514--530},
  xref = {Tech Report: harel:1987b1.  Repub: harel:1987b3},
  topic = {finite-state-automata;diagrams;statecharts;
  	reasoning-with-diagrams;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harel:1987b3,
  author = {David Harel},
  title = {On Visual Formalisms},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {235--271},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Tech Report: harel:1987b1. Journal Publication: harel:1987b2.},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ harel:1987c,
  author = {David Harel},
  title = {Statecharts: A Visual Formalism for Complex Systems},
  journal = {Science of Computer Programming},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {231--274},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {finite-state-automata;diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;
  	statecharts;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ harel-etal:1987a,
  author = {David Harel and Amir Pnueli and
		J.P. Schmidt and R. Sherman},
  title = {On the Formal Semantics of Statecharts},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second {IEEE} Symposium on
		Logic in Computation},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {54--64},
  organization = {{IEEE}},
  topic = {finite-state-automata;diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;
  	statecharts;}  
  } 

@book{ harel-etal:1994a,
  author = {David Harel and E. Gery and M.  Politi},
  title = {Object-Oriented Modeling with Statecharts},
  publisher = {Weizmann Institute of Science, Dept. of Applied
  	Mathematics and Computer Science},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Rehovot, Israel},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
  	We propose an integrated set of visual languages for modeling
	object-oriented systems. O-charts are used to specify the system's
	objects in a hierarchical fashion, capturing the structure and
	interrelations of real objects, as well as static and dynamic sets
	(sheafs) thereof. Statecharts are used to specify object behavior;
	they are enhanced with mechanisms for dealing with requests and
	replies, according to a client/server paradigm based on queuing.
	C-charts are used to specify class structure in terms of inheritance
	and aggregation; different kinds of inheritance are allowed, defined
	in terms of the effect on object interface and behavior. The syntax
	and semantics of the three languages and their interconnections have
	been rigorously formulated, and lead to executable and analyzable
	models, from which object-oriented code can be automatically
	synthesized.   } ,
  topic = {statecharts;object-oriented-formalisms;}  
 } 

@article{ harizanov:2000a,
  author = {Valentina Harizanov},
  title = {Review of {\it Computatble Structures and the
  	Hyperarithmetical Hierarchy}, by {C}hris {A}sh and {J}ulia {K}night},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {383--385},
  xref = {Review of ash-knight_jf:2000a},
  topic = {hyperarithmetical-hierarchy;computable-model-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ harman:1968a1,
  author = {Gilbert H. Harman},
  title = {Three Levels of Meaning},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {65},
  pages = {590--602},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Reprinted in steinberg-jacobovits:1971a, see harman:1968a2.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;speech-acts;
  	foundations-of-semantics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harman:1968a2,
  author = {Gilbert H. Harman},
  title = {Three Levels of Meaning},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {66--75},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Reprinted from Journal of Philosophy, see harman:1968a1.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;speech-acts;
  	foundations-of-semantics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ harman:1970a,
  author = {Gilbert H. Harman},
  title = {\,`--- is true'\, } ,
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {98--99},
  topic = {truth;}  
  } 

@article{ harman:1972a1,
  author = {Gilbert Harman},
  title = {Logical Form},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {38--65},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: harman:1972a2.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;adverbs;Davidson-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harman:1972a2,
  author = {Gilbert Harman},
  title = {Logical Form},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {289--307},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Republication of: harman:1972a1.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;adverbs;Davidson-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harman:1972b,
  author = {Gilbert H. Harman},
  title = {Deep Structure as Logical Form},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {25--47},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;generative-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ harman:1973a,
  author = {Gilbert Harman},
  title = {Against Universal Semantic Representation},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ harman:1975a,
  author = {Gilbert Harman},
  title = {Language, Thought, and Communication},
  booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge.  {M}innesota Studies in
  	the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Keith Gunderson},
  pages = {270--298},
  address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ harman:1975b,
  author = {Gilbert Harman},
  title = {{\em If} and Modus Ponens},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1975},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {conditionals;logical-form;} 
 } 

@incollection{ harman:1978a,
  author = {Gilbert Harman},
  title = {Reasons},
  booktitle = {Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Joseph Raz},
  pages = {110--117},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {obligation;reasons-for-action;}  
  } 

@book{ harman:1986a,
  author = {Gilbert Harman},
  title = {Change in View},
  publisher = {{MIT} Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Reviews: levi_i:1987a, loui:1987a, makinson:1988a.},
  topic = {belief-revision;limited-rationality;}  
 } 

@incollection{ harman:1986b,
  author = {Gilbert Harman},
  title = {Willing and Intending},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {363--380},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {intention;volition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harman:1987a,
  author = {Gilbert Harman},
  title = {(Nonsolipsistic) Conceptual Role Semantics},
  booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Ernest LePore},
  pages = {55--81},
  address = {London},
  contentnote = {Suggests functional role in a person's psych as a
  	foundation for semantics.  Argues that functional role can
	involve rels to an ext world.  Does not address the problem
	of developing a theory of these roles that, eg, could replace
	the model theoretic accounts of mathematical formalisms.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;cognitive-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harman:1989a,
  author = {Gilbert Harman},
  title = {Some Philosophical Issues in Cognitive Science: Qualia,
  	Intentionality, and the Mind-Body Problem},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {21},
  pages = {831--848},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@book{ harman:1993a,
  editor = {Gilbert Harman},
  title = {Conceptions of the Human Mind: Essays in Honor of
  	{G}eorge {A}. {M}iller},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0805812342},
  topic = {philisophy-of-mind;foundations-of-cognition;
  	cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ harman:1999a,
  author = {Gilbert Harman},
  title = {Reasoning, Meaning, and Mind},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-mind;
  	conceptual-role-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ harman:2000a,
  author = {Gilbert Harman},
  title = {Review of {\it New Horizons in the Study of
  	Language and Mind}, by {N}oam {C}homsky},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {5},
  pages = {265--269},
  xref = {Review: chomsky:2000a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@book{ harnad-etal:1976a,
  editor = {Stevan R. Harnad and Horst D. Steklis and Jane Lancaster},
  title = {Origins and Evolution of Language and Speech},
  publisher = {New York Academy of Sciences},
  year = {1976},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0890720266},
  topic = {language-and-evolution;language-origins;}  
 } 

@book{ harnad:1987a,
  editor = {Stevan Harnad},
  title = {Categorical Perception: The Groundwork of Cognition},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {0521267587},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;perception;}  
 } 

@article{ harnad:2000a,
  author = {Stevan Harnad},
  title = {Minds, Machines, and {T}uring: The Indistinguishability
  	of Indistinguishables},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {425--445},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harnish:1976a1,
  author = {Robert M. Harnish},
  title = {Logical Form and Implicature},
  booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability},
  publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {313--392},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Republication: harnish:1976a2.},
  topic = {implicature;LF;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harnish:1976a2,
  author = {Robert M. Harnish},
  title = {Logical Form and Implicature},
  booktitle = {Pragmatics: A Reader},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Steven Davis},
  pages = {316--364},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Republication of harnish:1976a1.},
  topic = {implicature;LF;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harnish:1976b,
  author = {Robert M. Harnish},
  title = {The Argument from {\em Lurk}},
  booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability},
  publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {261--270},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {performative-analysis;}  
  } 

@book{ harnish:1979a,
  editor = {Robert M. Harnish},
  title = {Basic Topics in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ harper:1974a,
  author = {William L. Harper},
  title = {Counterfactuals and Representations of Rational Belief},
  school = {University of Rochester},
  year = {1974},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Rochester, New York},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;probability-kinematics;}  
 } 

@article{ harper:1974b,
  author = {William L. Harper},
  title = {A Note on Universal Instantiation in the {S}talnaker
  	{T}homason Conditional Logics and the {M} Type Modal Systems},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {373--379},
  topic = {modal-logic;conditional-logic;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ harper:1975a1,
  author = {William L. Harper},
  title = {Rational Belief Change: {P}opper Functions and
  	Counterfactuals},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Western Ontario.},
  xref = {Publication: harper:1975a2.  Republication: harper:1975a3.},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;CCCP;
  	primitive-conditional-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ harper:1975a2,
  author = {William L. Harper},
  title = {Rational Belief Change, {P}opper Functions and the
  	Counterfactuals},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {221--262},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;CCCP;
  	primitive-conditional-probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harper:1975a3,
  author = {William L. Harper},
  title = {Rational Belief Change, {P}opper Functions and
  	Counterfactuals},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Probability Theory, Statistical
  	Inference, and Statistical Theories of Science, Volume 1},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Clifford A. Hooker},
  pages = {73--115},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Republication of: harper:1975a1, harper:1975a2.},
  topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;conditionals;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ harper:1975b,
  author = {William L. Harper},
  title = {Revision of Def of IP-Model and Relativized Conditional},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;CCCP;
  	primitive-conditional-probability;}  
  } 

@book{ harper-etal:1975a,
  editor = {D.J. Hockney and William L. Harper and B. Freed},
  title = {Contemporary Research in Philosophical Logic and
  	Linguistic Semantics: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the
	{U}niversity of {W}estern {O}ntario, {L}ondon, {C}anada},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027705119.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ harper:1976a,
  author = {William L. Harper},
  title = {Ramsey Test Conditionals and Iterated Belief Change},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Probability Theory, Statistical
  	Inference, and Statistical Theories of Science, Volume 1},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  pages = {117--136},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Clifford A. Hooker},
  topic = {Ramsey-test;conditionals;beilef-update;}  
  } 

@book{ harper-hooker:1976a,
  editor = {William L. Harper and Clifford A. Hooker},
  title = {Foundations of Probability Theory, Statistical
  	Inference, and Statistical Theories of Science, Volume 1},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;statistical-inference;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ harper:1977a,
  author = {William Harper},
  title = {Rational Belief Change},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1976 Meeting of the Philosophy of
  	Science Association},
  year = {1977},
  pages = {462--494},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  missinginfo = {Editor, Publisher, Address},
  topic = {belief-revision;condtionals;}  
  } 

@article{ harper:1978a,
  author = {William L. Harper},
  title = {Bayesian Learning Models With Revision of Evidence},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {357--367},
  topic = {belief-revision;foundations-of-probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harper:1980a,
  author = {William L. Harper},
  title = {A Sketch of Some Recent Developments in the Theory of
  	Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Ifs: Conditionals, Belief, Decision, Chance, and Time},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Robert Stalnaker and Glenn Pearce},
  pages = {3--38},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  title = {Subjunctive Conditionals},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Western Ontario},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {conditionals;information-flow-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ harper-etal:1981a,
  editor = {William L. Harper and Robert Stalnaker and Glenn Pearce},
  title = {Ifs: Conditionals, Belief, Decision, Chance, and Time},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  isbn = {9027712204 (pbk.)},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
 } 

@incollection{ harper-etal:1983a,
  author = {William L. Harper and Hugues Leblanc and Bas {van Fraassen}},
  title = {On Characterizing {P}opper and {C}arnap Probability
  	Functions},
  booktitle = {Essays in Epistemology and Semantics},
  publisher = {Haven Publications},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Hugues Leblanc and Raphael Stern and Raymond Gumb},
  pages = {140--152},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harper:1988a,
  author = {William L. Harper},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics,
  	Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms},
  pages = {ix--xix},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  note = {Introduction to the volume.},
  topic = {causal-decision-theory;game-theory;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harper:1988b,
  author = {William L. Harper},
  title = {Causal Decision Theory and Game Theory: A Classic Argument
  	for Equilibrium Solutions, A Defense of Weak Equilibria,
	and a New Problem for the Normal Form Representation},
  booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics,
  	Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms},
  pages = {25--48},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {causal-decision-theory;game-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ harper-skyrms:1988a,
  editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms},
  title = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {2},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
          William L. Harper, "Introduction"
          Brad Armendt, "Conditional Preference and Causal Expected
            Utility"
          William L. Harper, "Causal Decision Theory and Game Theory:
            A Classic Argument for Equilibrium Solutions, A Defense of
            Weak Equilibria, and a New Problem for the Normal Form
	    Representation"
          Ernest W. Adams, "Consistency and Decision: Variations on
            Ramseyan Themes"
          Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}, "Powers"
          Peter G\"argenfors, "Causation and the Dynamics of Belief"
          Wolfgang Spohn, "Ordinal Conditional Functions: A Dynamic
            Theory of Epistemic States"
          Arthur Burks, "The Logic of Evolution, and the Reduction of
            Holistic-Coherent Systems to Hierarchical-Feedback Systems"
          Isaac Levi, "Four Themes in Statistical Explanation"
          Clark Glymour, "Artificial Intelligence for Statistical and
            Causal Modelling"
            } ,
  topic = {causality;belief-revision;statistics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ harper:1989a,
  author = {William L. Harper},
  title = {Decisions, Games and Equilibrium Solutions},
  booktitle = {{PSA} 1988: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 2},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Arthur Fine and Janet Leplin},
  pages = {344--362},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  address = {East Lansing, Michigan},
  topic = {game-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ harper-etal:1990a,
  author = {William L. Harper and Bryce Hemsley Bennett and Sreeram
  	Valluri},
  title = {Unification and Support: Harmonic Law Ratios Measure the
  	Mass of the Sun},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Western Ontario.},
  topic = {Newton;philosophy-of-physics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harper:1991a,
  author = {William L. Harper},
  title = {Kant on Incongruous Counterparts},
  booktitle = {The Philosophy of Right and Left},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Jan {van Cleve} and Robert E. Frederick},
  pages = {263--313},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {incongruous-counterparts;}  
  } 

@article{ harper:1993a,
  author = {William L. Harper},
  title = {Causal and Evidential Expectations in Strategic Settings},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {79},
  topic = {game-theory; counterfactuals;Nash-equilibria;
  	causal-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ harper:2000a,
  author = {William L. Harper},
  title = {Review of {\it Conditionals}, edited by {D}avid {W}iggins},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {358--360},
  xref = {Review of: woods_m:1997a.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harrah:1984a,
  author = {David Harrah},
  title = {The Logic of Questions},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}:
  	Extensions of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {715--764},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
 } 

@article{ harrah:1998a,
  author = {David Harrah},
  title = {Review of `The Posing of Questions: Logical
  	Foundations of Erotetic Inferences', by {A}ndrezej {W}i\'sniewski},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {296--299},
  xref = {Review of: wisniewski:1995a.},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harre:1996a,
  author = {Rom Harr\'e},
  title = {There is No Time Like the Present},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {389--391},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-time;}  
  } 

@article{ harris-fitelson:2001a,
  author = {Kenneth Harris and Branden Fitelson},
  title = {Comments on Some Completeness Theorems of {U}rquhart
  	and {Mendez} \& {S}alto},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--55},
  topic = {completeness-theorems;relevance-logics;}  
  } 

@book{ harris_j:1751a,
  author = {J. Harris},
  title = {Hermes: Or a Philosophical Inquiry Concerning Language and
  	Universal Grammar},
  year = {1751},
  note = {(Reproduced facsimile edition, Scolar Press, Menston, 1968.)},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ harris_lr:1974a,
  author = {Larry R. Harris},
  title = {The Heuristic Search under Conditions of Error},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {217--234},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     By placing various restrictions on the heuristic estimator it is
     possible to constrain the heuristic search process to fit
     specific needs.  This paper introduces a new restriction upon the
     heuristic, called the ``bandwidth'' condition, that enables the
     ordered search to better cope with time and space difficulties.
     In particular, the effect of error within the heuristic is
     considered in detail.
      Beyond this, the bandwidth condition quite naturally allows for
     the extension of the heuristic search to MIN/MAX trees.  The
     resulting game playing algorithm affords many desirable
     practical features not found in minimax based techniques, as
     well as maintaining the theoretical framework of ordered
     searches.  The development of this algorithm provides some
     additional insight to the general problem of searching game
     trees by showing that certain, somewhat surprising changes in
     the cost estimates are required to properly search the tree.
     Furthermore, the use of an ordered search of MIN/MAX trees
     brings about a rather provocative departure from the
     conventional approach to computer game playing.},
  topic = {search;game-playing;}  
  } 

@article{ harris_m:1980a,
  author = {Martin Harris},
  title = {Review of {\it Definiteness and Indefiniteness: A Study in
  	Reference and Grammaticality Production}, by {J}ohn {A}.
	{H}awkins},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {419--427},
  xref = {Review of hawkins_ja:1978a.},
  topic = {indefiniteness;definiteness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harris_pl:1995a,
  author = {Paul L. Harris},
  title = {Imagining and Pretending},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {170--184},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation;
  	psychology-of-pretense;}  
  } 

@incollection{ harris_pl:1995b,
  author = {Paul L. Harris},
  title = {From Simulation to Folk Psychology:
	The Case for Development},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {232--258},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;developmental-psychology
  	mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@book{ harris_r:1995a,
  author = {Roy Harris},
  title = {Signs of Writing},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1995},
  address = {London and New York},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@book{ harris_r:1996a,
  author = {Roy Harris},
  title = {The Language Connection},
  publisher = {Thoemes Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Bristol},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ harris_wv:1988a,
  author = {Wendell V. Harris},
  title = {Interpretive Acts: In Search of Meaning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {pragmatics;discourse-analysis;speech-acts;}  
 } 

@book{ harris_z:1991a,
  author = {Zellig Harris},
  title = {A Theory of Language and Information: A Mathematical
		  Approach},
  publisher = {Clarendon Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {nl-syntax;}  
} 

@article{ harrison_b:1974a,
  author = {Bernard Harrison},
  title = {Review of {\it Semantic Theory}, by {J}errold {J}. {K}atz},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {83},
  number = {332},
  pages = {599--606},  
  xref = {REview of: katz_jj:1972a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;presuposition;}  
  } 

@article{ harrison_j:1952a,
  author = {Jonathan Harrison},
  title = {Utilitarianism, Universalisation,
             and Our Duty to Be Just},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian {S}ociety},
  volume = {53},
  year = {1952--1953},
  pages = {105--134},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
    } 

@article{ harrison_j:1974a,
  author = {Jonathan Harrison},
  title = {Mr. {G}ower on Conditionals},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {83},
  number = {329},
  pages = {103--105},  
  xref = {Commentary on gower:1971a, harrison_j:1968a.},
  topic = {conditionals;} 
  } 

@book{ harrison_m-thimbleby:1990a,
  editor = {Michael Harrison and Harold Thimbleby},
  title = {Formal Methods in Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {052137202X},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ harrison_rh:2001a,
  author = {Robert H. Harrison},
  title = {Review of {\it On the Emotions}, by } ,
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {3},
  pages = {466--472},
  xref = {Review of: wollheim:1999a.},
  topic = {emotion;} 
  } 

@article{ harrod:1936a,
  author = {Roy Harrod},
  title = {Utilitarianism Revised},
  journal = {Mind},
  volume = {55},
  pages = {137--156},
  year = {1936},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
    } 

@article{ harrop:1958a,
  author = {Ronald Harrop},
  title = {On the Existence of Finite Models and Decision Procedures
  	for Propositional Calculi},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {54},
  pages = {1--13},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {finite-model-property;}  
  } 

@article{ harsanyi:1968a,
  author = {John C. Harsanyi},
  title = {Games of Incomplete Information Played by `Bayesian'
  	Players, Parts {I--III}},
  journal = {Management Science},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {159--182,320--334,486--502},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {common-prior-assumption;foundations-of-game-theory;
  	type-spaces;}  
  } 

@article{ harsanyi:1972a,
  author = {John C. Harsanyi},
  title = {Notes on the So-Called Incompleteness Problem and on
  	the Proposed Alternative Concept of Rational Behavior},
  journal = {Theory and Decision},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {342--352},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {rationality;foundations-of-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ hart-mcginn:1976a,
  author = {W.D. Hart and Colin McGinn},
  title = {Knowledge and Necessity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {205--208},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {modal-logic;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ hart:1992a,
  author = {W.D. Hart},
  title = {Hat-Tricks and Heaps},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies (Ireland)},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {1--24},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@book{ hart-kapitan:1999a,
  editor = {James G. Hart and Tomis Kapitan},
  title = {The Phenomeno-Logic of the {I}: Essays on Self-Consciousness},
  publisher = {Indiana University Press,},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Bloomington},
  ISBN = {025333506X (hardcover)},
  topic = {indexicals;introspection;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ hartley_a-paris:1996a,
  author = {Anthony Hartley and C\'ecile Paris},
  title = {Two Sources of Control over the Generation of Software
  	Instructions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {192--199},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hartley_r:1992a,
  author = {Roger T. Hartley},
  title = {A Uniform Representation for Time and Space and Their
  	Mutual Constraints},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {441--457},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;temporal-representation;
  	spatial-representation;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ hartmann_k-zimmerman_te:2000a,
  author = {Katharina Hartmann and Thomas Ede Zimmerman},
  title = {Review of {\em Introduction to Natural Language Semantics},
		by {H}enriette de {S}wart},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {511--518},
  xref = {Review of: deswart_h1:1998a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ haruno-yamazaki:1996a,
  author = {Masahito Haruno and Takefumi Yamazaki},
  title = {High-Performance Bilingual Text Alignment Using
  	Statistical and Dictionary Information},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {131--138},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {machine-translation;machine-readable-dictionaries;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ haruno-matsumoto:1997a,
  author = {Masahiko Haruno and Yuji Matsumoto},
  title = {Mistake-Driven Mixture of Hierarchical Tag Context Trees},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {230--237},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;part-of-speech-tagging;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ haruno-etal:1998a,
  author = {Masahiko Haruno and Satoshi Shirai and Yoshifumi Ooyama},
  title = {Using Decision Trees to Construct a Practical Parser},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {505--512},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {machine-learning;decision-trees;parsing-algorithms
  	statistical-parsing;}  
} 

@book{ harvey-santelmann:1994a,
  editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann},
  title = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{IV}},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ hasling-etal:1984a,
  author = {Diane W. Hasling and William J. Clancey and Glenn Rennels},
  title = {Strategic Explanations for a Diagnostic Consultation System},
  journal = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--19},
  topic = {explanation;nl-generation;}  
} 

@incollection{ haspelmath:1985a,
  author = {Martin Haspelmath},
  title = {Diachronic Sources of `All' and `Every'},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {363--382},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;semantic-change;}  
  } 

@book{ haspelmath:1997a,
  author = {Martin Haspelmath},
  title = {Indefinite Pronouns},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: dahl:1999a.},
  topic = {indefiniteness;pronouns;}  
 } 

@book{ haspelmath:2002a,
  author = {Martin Haspelmath},
  title = {Understanding Morphology},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2002},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {morphology;} 
 } 

@incollection{ hasslacher:1988a,
  author = {Brosl Hasslacher},
  title = {Beyond the {T}uring Machine},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {417--433},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {foundations-of-computation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hastie-pennington:1991a,
  author = {Reid Hastie and Nancy Pennington},
  title = {Cognitive and Social Processes in Decision Making},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {308--327},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hastings-koutsoudas:1976a,
  author = {Ashley J. Hastings and Andreas Koutsoudas},
  title = {Performance Models and the Generative-Interpretive
  	Debate},
  booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Jessica R. Wirth},
  pages = {187},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;
  	nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hatano-inagaki:1991a,
  author = {Giyoo Hatano and Kayoko Inagaki},
  title = {Sharing Cognition through Collective Comprehension
  	Activity},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {331--348},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}  
  } 

@book{ hattiangadi:1987a,
  author = {J.N. Hattiangadi},
  title = {How is Language Possible?},
  publisher = {Open Court},
  year = {1987},
  address = {LaSalle, Illinois},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;L1-acquisition;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ hatzivassiloglou-mckeown:1997a,
  author = {Vasileios Hatzivassiloglou and Kathleen R. McKeown},
  title = {Predicting the Semantic Orientation of Adjectives},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {174--181},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;spatial-semantics;semantics-of-adjectives;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hatzivassilogou:1996a,
  author = {Vasileios Hatzivassilogou},
  title = {Do We Need a Linguistics When We have Statistics?  A
  	Comparative Analysis of the Contributions of Linguistic Cues
	to a Statistical Word Grouping System},
  booktitle = {The Balancing Act:  Combining Symbolic and Statistical
  	Approaches to Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik},
  pages = {67--94},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;statistical-nlp;
  	word-classification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hauenschild-etal:1979a,
  author = {Christa Hauenschild and Edgar Huckert and Robert Maier},
  title = {{SALAT}: Machine Translation Via Semantic Representation},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {324--352},
  topic = {machine-translation;}  
  } 

@book{ hauenschld-heizmann:1997a,
  editor = {Crista Hauenschld and Susanne Heizmann},
  title = {Machine Translation and Translation Theory},
  publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-11-015486-2},
  xref = {Review: vaneynde:1998a.},
  topic = {machine-translation;} 
 } 

@article{ haugeland:1978a1,
  author = {John Haugeland},
  title = {The Nature and Plausibility of Cognitivism},
  journal = {The Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {87--106},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republished: haugeland:1978a2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ haugeland:1978a2,
  author = {John Haugeland},
  title = {The Nature and Plausibility of Cognitivism},
  booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {John Haugeland},
  pages = {243--281},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Originally Published: haugeland:1978a1.},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-psychology;
	foundations-of-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ haugeland:1981a,
  editor = {John Haugeland},
  title = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262081105},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. John Haugeland, "Semantic Engines: An Introduction to
          Mind Design", pp. 1--34
     2. Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon, "Computer Science
          as Empirical Enquiry: Symboks and Search", pp. 35-- 66
     3. Zenon Pylyshyn, "Complexity and the Study of Artificial
          and Human Intelligence", pp. 67--94
     4. Marvin Minsky, "A Framework for Representing
          Knowledge", pp. 95--128
     5. David Marr, "Artificial Intelligence---A Personal
          View", pp. 129--142
     6. Drew McDermott, "Artificial Intelligence Meets Natural
          Stupidity", pp. 143--160
     7. Hubert L. Dreyfus, "From Micro-Worlds to Knowledge
          Representation: AI at an Impasse", pp. 161--204
     8. Hilary Putnam, "Reductionism and the Nature of
          Psychology", pp. 205--219
     9. Daniel C. Dennett, "Intentional Systems", pp. 220-- 242
    10. John Haugeland, "The Nature and Plausibility of
          Cognitivism", pp. 243--281
    11. John R. Searle, "Minds, Brains, and Programs", pp. 282-306-
    12. Jerry A. Fodor, "Methodological Solipsism Considered as a
          Research Strategy in Cognitive Psychology", pp. 307--338
    13. Donald Davidson, "The Material Mind", pp. 339--354
  } ,
  topic = {philosophy-ai;philosophy-of-cogsci;}  
 } 

@incollection{ haugeland:1981b,
  author = {John Haugeland},
  title = {Semantic Engines: An Introduction to Mind Design},
  booktitle = {Mind Design},
  editor = {John Haugeland},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  year = {1981},
  pages = {1--34},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-cogsci;
  	philosophy-AI;}  
    } 

@book{ haugeland:1985a,
  author = {John Haugeland},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262081539},
  topic = {philosophy-ai;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@incollection{ haugeland:1987a,
  author = {John Haugeland},
  title = {An Overview of the Frame Problem},
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem
    		 in Artificial Intelligence},
  editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {77--94},
  topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;}  
    } 

@article{ haugeland:1996a,
  author = {John Haugeland},
  title = {Body and World: A Review of {\it What
  	Computers Still Can't Do:  A Critique of Artificial Reason} 
  	({H}ubert {D}reyfus)},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {80},
  number = {1},
  pages = {119--128},
  xref = {Review of dreyfus:1992a.},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ haugeland:1997a,
  editor = {John Haugeland},
  title = {Mind Design {II}: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262082594 (hc: alk. paper), 0262581531 (pb: alk. paper)},
  xref = {1st ed: haugeland:1981a.},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;philosophy-of-cogsci;}  
 } 

@book{ haugeland:1998a,
  author = {John Haugeland},
  title = {Having Thought: Essays in the Metaphysics of Mind},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0674382331},
  title = {Simple Causal Minimization for Temporal Persistence and
  		Projection},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Kenneth Forbus and Howard Shrobe},
  pages = {218--223},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  contentnote = {This develops a causal minimization solution to
  	the YSP.},
  topic = {kr;causal-reasoning;frame-problem;yale-shooting-problem;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ haugh:1988a,
  author = {Brian Haugh},
  title = {Tractable Theories of Multiple Defeasible Inheritance in
  	Ordinary Non-Monotonic Logics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell},
  pages = {421--426},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;tractable-logics;}  
  } 

@book{ haupt-haupt:1998a,
  author = {Randy I Haupt and Sue Ellen Haupt},
  title = {Practical Genetic Algorithms},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1998},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {genetic-algorithms;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ hauptman:1991a,
  author = {Alexander G. Hauptman},
  title = {Meaning from Structure in Natural Language Interfaces},
  school = {Carnegie Mellon University},
  year = {1991},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Pittsburgh},
  topic = {computational-linguistics;nl-interfaces;}  
 } 

@book{ hausman:1992a,
  author = {Daniel M. Hausman},
  title = {The Inexact and Separate Science of Economics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: phillips_d:1994a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-economics;}  
 } 

@article{ hausman:1996a,
  author = {Daniel M. Hausman},
  title = {Causation and Counterfactual Dependence Reconsidered},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {30},
  number = {1},
  pages = {55--74},
  topic = {causality;conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hausman:1997a,
  author = {Daniel M. Hausman},
  title = {Causation, Agency, and Independence},
  booktitle = {{PSA} 1996: Proceedings of the 1996 Biennial Meetings
		of the {P}hilosophy of {S}cience {A}ssociation},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Lindley Darden},
  pages = {S15--S25},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  note = {Supplementary Issue of Philosophy of Science.},
  topic = {causality;agency;}  
  } 

@book{ hausser:1999a,
  author = {Roland Hausser},
  title = {Foundations of Computational Linguistics:
  	Man-Machine Communication in Natural Language},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Berlin},
  xref = {Review: gelbukh:2000a},
  topic = {computational-linguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ hausser:2001a,
  author = {Roland Hausser},
  title = {Database Semantics for Natural Language},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {130},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--74},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@article{ haussler:1988a,
  author = {David Haussler},
  title = {Quantifying Inductive Bias: {AI} Learning Algorithms and
  	{V}aliant'S Learning Framework},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {36},
  number = {1},
  pages = {177--221},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hautamaki:1992a,
  author = {Antti Hautam\"aki},
  title = {A Conceptual Space Approach to Semantic Networks},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {517--525},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;inheritance-theory;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ haviland-clark_hh:1974a,
  author = {S.E. Haviland and Herbert H. Clark},
  title = {What's New?  Acquiring New Information as a Process in
  	Comprehension},
  journal = {Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {512--521},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {given-new;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ haviland_s-clark:1974a,
  author = {S. Haviland and Herbert Clark},
  title = {What's New?  Acquiring New Information as a Process in
  	Communication},
  journal = {Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {512--521},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {given-new;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hawes:1983a,
  author = {Leonard C. Hawes},
  title = {Conversational Coherence},
  booktitle = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and
  	Strategy},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey},
  pages = {285--320},
  address = {London},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;
  	transcription-methodology;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ hawking:1988a,
  author = {Stephen Hawking},
  title = {A Brief History of Time},
  publisher = {Bantam Books},
  year = {1988},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {physical-time;}  
 } 

@book{ hawkins_ja:1978a,
  author = {John A. Hawkins},
  title = {Definiteness and Indefiniteness: A Study in
  	Reference and Grammaticality Production},
  publisher = {John A. Hawkins},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey},
  xref = {Review: harris_m:1980a.},
  topic = {indefiniteness;definiteness;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ hawkins_r:1978a,
  author = {Roger Hawkins},
  title = {Adverbs in and out of Focus},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {adverbs;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ hawley:2002a,
  author = {Kathryn Hawley},
  title = {Success and Knowing How},
  year = {2002},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, St. Andrews.},
  topic = {knowing-how;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ hawthorn:1980a,
  author = {John Hawthorn},
  title = {The Consistency of Natural Languages},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, McGill University.},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ hawthorne:1993a,
  author = {James Hawthorne},
  title = {Bayesian Induction Is Eliminative Induction},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {99--138},
  topic = {induction;}  
  } 

@article{ hawthorne:1996a,
  author = {James Hawthorne},
  title = {On the Logic of Nonmonotonic Conditionals and Conditional
  	Probabilities},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {185--218},
  topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-conditionals;probability;}  
  } 

@article{ hawthorne:1996b,
  author = {James Hawthorne},
  title = {Mathematical Instrumentalism Meets the Conjunction Objection},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {4},
  pages = {333--361},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@article{ hawthorne:1998a,
  author = {James Hawthorne},
  title = {On the Logic of Nonmonotonic Conditionals and
		Conditional Probabilities: Predicate Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--34},
  topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;ity-semantics
		primitive-conditional-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ hawthorne:2000a,
  author = {John Hawthorne},
  title = {Before Effect and {Z}eno Causality},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {34},
  number = {4},
  pages = {622--633},
  topic = {paradoxes-of-physical-infinity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hax-wiig:1977a,
  author = {Arnaldo C. Hax and Karl M. Wiig},
  title = {The Use of Decision Analysis in Capital Investment Problems},
  booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  pages = {277--297},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hayashi:1999a,
  author = {Hishashi Hayashi},
  title = {Abductive Constraint Logic Programming with
		Constructive Negation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
	Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Michael Thielscher},
  pages = {87--94},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {action-formalisms;logic-programming;abduction;
		constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ haycock-zamparelli:1999a,
  author = {Caroline Haycock and Roberto Zamparelli},
  title = {Toward a Unified Analysis of {DP} Conjunction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
	of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {127--132},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {conjunction;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ hayes_je-etal:1979a,
  editor = {Jean E. Hayes and others},
  title = {Machine Intelligence, Vol. 9: Machine Expertise and The Human
    Interface},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1979},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {AI-survey;HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ hayes_je-etal:1988a,
  editor = {Jean E. Hayes and Donald Michie and J. Richards},
  title = {Machine Intelligence 11: Logic and the Acquisition of
  	Knowledge},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {AI-survey;logic-in-AI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1973a1,
  author = {Patrick Hayes},
  title = {The Frame Problem and Related Problems in Artificial
    	     Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Artificial and Human Thinking},
  editor = {Alick Elithorn and David Jones},
  publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
  address = {San Francisco},
  year = {1973},
  pages = {41--59},
  xref = {Republication: hayes_pj1:1973a2.},
  topic = {frame-problem;}  
    } 

@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1973a2,
  author = {Patrick Hayes},
  title = {The Frame Problem and Related Problems in Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {223--230},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: hayes_pj1:1973a2.},
  topic = {frame-problem;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hayes_pj1:1977a,
  author = {Patrick Hayes},
  title = {In Defense of Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {John McDermott},
  pages = {87--90},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1979a1,
  author = {Patrick J. Hayes},
  title = {The Logic of Frames},
  booktitle = {Frame Conceptions and Text Understanding},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter and Co.},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {D. Metzing},
  address = {Berlin},
  xref = {Republications: hayes_pj1:1979a2, hayes_pj1:1979a3},
  topic = {kr;frames;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1979a2,
  author = {Patrick Hayes},
  title = {The Logic of Frames},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {451--458},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Originally published in D. Metzing; Frame Conceptions and
  	Text Understanding; 1979.  See hayes_pj1:1979a1.},
  topic = {kr;frames;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1979a3,
  author = {Patrick J. Hayes},
  title = {The Logic of Frames},
  booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Originally published in D. Metzing; Frame Conceptions and
  	Text Understanding; 1979.  See hayes_pj1:1979a1.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;frames;krcourse;kr;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1981a,
  author = {Patrick Hayes},
  title = {The Frame Problem and Related Problems in
          Artificial Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {223--230},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: } ,
  topic = {frame-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1985a,
  author = {Patrick J. Hayes},
  title = {Naive Physiscs {I}: Ontology for Liquids},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Jerry Hobbs and Robert C. Moore},
  booktitle = {Formal Theories of the Commonsense World},
  pages = {71--107},
  topic = {common-sense-knowledge;qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1985b,
  author = {Patrick J. Hayes},
  title = {The Second Naive Physics Manifesto},
  booktitle = {Formal Theories of the Commonsense World},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Robert C. Moore},
  pages = {269--317},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {common-sense-knowledge;qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1987a,
  author = {Patrick Hayes},
  title = {What the Frame Problem Is and Isn't},
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem in Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  pages = {123--137},
  topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ hayes_pj1:1987b,
  author = {Patrick Hayes},
  title = {A Critique of Pure Reason},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {179--185},
  xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1995a,
  author = {Patrick Hayes},
  title = {Introduction (To Part {II}: Theoretical Foundations)},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {205--210},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hayes_pj1:1995b,
  author = {Patrick Hayes},
  title = {What is a Context?},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  pages = {3},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  note = {Abstract.},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hayes_pj1-etal:1996a,
  author = {Patrick J. Hayes and Kenneth M. Ford and Neil M. Agnew},
  title = {Epilog: {G}oldilocks and the Frame Problem},
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem
	 in Artificial Intelligence},
  editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {135--137},
  topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;}  
    } 

@inproceedings{ hayes_pj1:1997a,
  author = {Patrick J. Hayes},
  title = {Contexts in Context},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {71--81},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1999a,
  author = {Patrick Hayes},
  title = {Knowledge Representation},
  booktitle = {{MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences},
  editor = {Robert A. Wilson and Frank C. Keil},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {kr-survey;krcourse;}  
} 

@techreport{ hayes_pj2-carbonell:1983a,
  author = {Philip J. Hayes and Jaime G. Carbonell},
  title = {A Tutorial on Techniques and Applications for Natural
  	Language Processing},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon
  	University},
  number = {CMU--CS--83--158},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ hayesroth_b-hayesroth_f:1979a,
  author = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Frederick Hayes-Roth},
  title = {A Cognitive Model of Planning},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {275--310},
  topic = {planning;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ hayesroth_b:1985a,
  author = {Barbara Hayes-Roth},
  title = {A Blackboard Architecture for Control},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {251--321},
  topic = {procedural-control;blackboard-architectures;}  
  } 

@article{ hayesroth_b:1993a,
  author = {Barbara Hayes-Roth},
  title = {Intelligent Control},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {213--220},
  topic = {procedural-control;}  
  } 

@article{ hayesroth_b:1993b,
  author = {Barbara Hayes-Roth},
  title = {On Building Integrated Cognitive Agents: A Review of
  	{A}llen {N}ewell's `Unified Theories of Cognition'},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {329--341},
  xref = {Review of newell:1992a.},
  topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;}  
  } 

@article{ hayesroth_b:1995a,
  author = {Barbara Hayes-Roth},
  title = {An Architecture for Adaptive Intelligent Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {72},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {329--365},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Our goal is to understand and build comprehensive agents that
     function effectively in challenging niches.  In particular, we
     identify a class of niches to be occupied by "adaptive
     intelligent systems (AISs)".  In contrast with niches occupied by
     typical AI agents, AIS niches present situations that vary
     dynamically along several key dimensions: different combinations
     of required tasks, different configurations of available
     resources, contextual conditions ranging from benign to
     stressful, and different performance criteria.  We present a
     small class hierarchy of AIS niches that exhibit these
     dimensions of variability and describe a particular AIS niche,
     ICU (intensive care unit) patient monitoring, which we use for
     illustration throughout the paper.  To function effectively
     throughout the range of situations presented by an AIS niche, an
     agent must be highly adaptive.  In contrast with the rather
     stereotypic behavior of typical AI agents, an AIS must adapt
     several key aspects of its behavior to its dynamic situation:
     its perceptual strategy, its control mode, its choices of
     reasoning tasks to perform, its choices of reasoning methods for
     performing chosen tasks; and its meta-control strategy for
     global coordination of all its behavior.  We have designed and
     implemented an agent architecture that supports all of these
     different kinds of adaptation by exploiting a single underlying
     theoretical concept: An agent dynamically constructs explicit
     control plans to guide its choices among situation-triggered
     behaviors.  The architecture has been used to build experimental
     agents for several AIS niches.  We illustrate the architecture
     and its support for adaptation with examples from Guardian, an
     experimental agent for ICU monitoring.},
  topic = {agent-architectures;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ hayesroth_f-etal:1983a,
  editor = {Frederick Hayes-Roth and Donald A. Waterman and
  	Douglas B. Lenat},
  title = {Building Expert Systems},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publizhing Co.},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201106868},
  xref = {Reviews: dym:1985a, dekleer:1985a.},
  topic = {expert-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ hayesroth_f:1985a,
  author = {Frederick Hayes-Roth},
  title = {Rule-Based Systems},
  journal = {Communications of the {ACM}},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {28},
  number = {9},
  pages = {921--932},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {rule-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ hayton-etal:1999a,
  author = {Paul M. Hayton and Michael Brady and Stephen M. Smith
  	and Niall Moore},
  title = {A Non-Rigid Registration Algorithm for Dynamic Breast
  	{MR} Images},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {114},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {125--156},
  topic = {image-processing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hazarika-cohn:2002a,
  author = {Shyamanta H Hazarika and Anthony G. Cohn},
  title = {Adducing Qualitative Spatio-Temporal Histories from
  	Partial Observations},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {14--25},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;abduction;circumscription;spatial-reasoning;
  	temporal-reasoning;} 
  } 

@article{ hazen:1976a,
  author = {Allen P. Hazen},
  title = {Expressive Completeness in Modal Language},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {25--46},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ hazen-slote:1979a,
  author = {Allen P. Hazen and Michael Slote},
  title = {Even If},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {34--41},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {`even';sentence-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ hazen:1981a,
  author = {Allen P. Hazen},
  title = {Davis' Formulation of {K}ripke's Theory of Truth:
  	A Correction},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {309--311},
  topic = {truth;fixpoints;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hazen:1983a,
  author = {Allen Hazen},
  title = {Predicative Logics},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {I}:
  	Elements of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {331--407},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {ramified-type-theory;predicativity;}  
 } 

@article{ hazen:1987a,
  author = {Allen Hazen},
  title = {Natural Deduction and {H}ilbert's $\epsilon$ Operator},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  number = {4},
  pages = {411--421},
  topic = {proof-theory;epsilon-operator;}  
  } 

@article{ hazen:1995a,
  author = {Allen P. Hazen},
  title = {On Quantifying Out},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {291--319},
  topic = {quantification;intensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ hazen:1997a,
  author = {Allen P. Hazen},
  title = {Relations in Monadic Third-Order Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {6},
  pages = {619--628},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;relations;}  
  } 

@article{ he-yao:2001a,
  author = {Jun He and Xin Yao},
  title = {Drift Analysis and Average Time Complexity of Evolutionary
  	Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {127},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--85},
  xref = {Erratum: he-yao:2002a.},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;genetic-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ he-yao:2002a,
  author = {Jun He and Xin Yao},
  title = {Erratum to `Drift Analysis and Average Time Complexity of
  	Evolutionary Algorithms'\,},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {140},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {245--248},
  xref = {Erratum to: he-yao:2001a.},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;genetic-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ heal:1994a,
  author = {Jane Heal},
  title = {Semantic Holism: Still a Good Buy},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {94},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {323--329},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;holism;foundations-of-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ heal:1995a,
  author = {Jane Heal},
  title = {How to Think about Thinking},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {33--52},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation;
  	propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@incollection{ heal:1995b,
  author = {Jane Heal},
  title = {Replication and Functionalism},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {45--59},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology;
  	mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ healey:1999a,
  author = {Patrick G.T. Healey},
  title = {Accounting for Communication:
			Estimating Effort, Transparency and Coherence},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {54--60},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;coherence;empirical-methods-in-discourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hearn:1991a,
  author = {Anthony C. Hearn},
  title = {Algebraic Computation: The Quiet Revolution},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {177--186},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {algebraic-computation;computer-assisted-physics;
  	computer-assisted-science;}  
  } 

@article{ hearst:1997a,
  author = {Marti A. Hearst},
  title = {Tex{T}iling: Segmenting Text into Multi-paragraph
  	Subtopic Passages},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--64},
  topic = {discourse-segmentation;corpus-linguistics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ heath:1991a,
  author = {Shirley Brice Heath},
  title = {\,`It's About Winning!' The language
     		of Knowledge in Baseball},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {101--124},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}  
  } 

@book{ heath:2001a,
  author = {Joseph Heath},
  title = {Communicative Action and Rational Choice},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-08291-8},
  contentnote = {Habermas' theory of communication and decision
  	theory.},
  topic = {continental-philosophy;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@article{ heck:1993a,
  author = {Richard G. {Heck, Jr.}},
  title = {A Note on the Logic of (Higher-Order) Vagueness},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {53},
  number = {4},
  pages = {201--208},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ heck:1995a,
  author = {Richard G. {Heck, Jr.}},
  title = {The Sense of Communication},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {104},
  number = {413},
  pages = {79--106},
  topic = {Frege;sense-reference;}  
  } 

@article{ heck:1997a,
  author = {Richard G. {Heck, Jr.}},
  title = {Finitude and {H}ume's Principle},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {6},
  pages = {589--617},
  contentnote = {"Hume's Principle" says that no. of F's is same as
  	number of G's iff there is a one-one map between F and G.
	The paper gives no reference for this term.  The result here
	is that the axs for 2nd order arithmetic are derivable in
	2nd order logic from Hume's Principle restricted to finite
	concepts.},
  topic = {foundations-of-arithmetic;}  
  } 

@article{ heck:1997b,
  author = {Paul G. {Heck, Jr.}},
  title = {Tarski, Truth, and Semantics},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {106},
  number = {4},
  pages = {533--554},
  topic = {Tarski;truth;}  
  } 

@article{ heck:2000a,
  author = {Richard G. {Heck, Jr.}},
  title = {Nonconceptual Content and the `Space of Reasons'\,},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {109},
  number = {4},
  pages = {483--523},
  topic = {epistemology;}  
  } 

@book{ heckerman-mamdani:1993a,
  editor = {David Heckerman and Abe Mamdani},
  title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence.  Proceedings of
  	the Ninth Conference (1993)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
 } 

@article{ heckerman-shachter:1995a,
  author = {David Heckerman and R. Shachter},
  title = {Decision-Theoretic Foundations for Causal Reasoning},
  journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {405--430},
  topic = {decision-theoretic-planning;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ hedenius:1963a,
  author = {I. Hedenius},
  title = {Performatives},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {115--136},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ hedrick:1976a,
  author = {Charles L.  Hedrick},
  title = {Learning Production Systems from Examples},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {21--49},
  topic = {machine-learning;rule-learning;rule-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@techreport{ heeman:1991a,
  author = {Peter A. Heeman},
  title = {A Computational Model of Collaboration on Referring
  	Expressions},
  institution = {Computer Systems Research Institute, University
  	of Toronto},
  number = {CSRI--251},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Toronto},
  topic = {referring-expressions;discourse;coord-in-conversation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ heeman-allen_jf:1997a,
  author = {Peter A. Heeman and James F. Allen},
  title = {Intonational Boundaries,  Speech Repairs, and
  	Discourse Markers: Modeling Spoken Dialog},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {254--261},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {intonation;discourse;discourse-segmentation;
		statistical-nlp;}  
 } 

@article{ heeman-allen:1999a,
  author = {Peter A. Heeman and James F. Allen},
  title = {Speech Repairs, Intonational Phrases, and Discourse
  	Markers:  Modeling Speakers' Utterances in Spoken Dialogue},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {25},
  number = {4},
  pages = {527--571},
  topic = {discourse-repairs;n-gram-models;corpus-tagging;
  	discourse-segmentation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ heeschen:1979a,
  author = {Claus Heeschen},
  title = {On the Representation of Classificatory and Propositional
  	Lexical Relations in the Human Brain},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {364--375},
  topic = {neurolinguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ hegarty:1996a,
  author = {Michael Hegarty},
  title = {The Role of Categorization in the Contribution of the
  	Conditional `then': Comments on Iatridou},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {111--119},
  contentnote = {Useful as a summary of the recent linguistic work.},
  topic = {conditionals;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ heger-petofi:1977a,
  editor = {Klaus Heger and J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi},
  title = {{K}asustheorie, {K}lassifikation, {S}emantische {I}nterpretation:
  	{B}eitr.  Zur {L}exikologie und {S}emantik},
  publisher = {Buske},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Hamburg},
  ISBN = {3871182974 :},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hegner:1997a,
  author = {Stephen J. Hegner},
  title = {A Family of Decidable Feature Logics
           which Support {HPSG}-Style Set and List Construction},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {208--227},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;HPSG;
		feature-structure-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ heidelberger:1974a,
  author = {Herbert Heidelberger},
  title = {Kaplan on {Q}uine and Suspension of Judgement},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {441--443},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ heifitz:1994a,
  author = {Aviad Heifitz},
  title = {Infinitary Epistemic Logic},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {95--107},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;infinitary-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ heifitz-mongin:1998a,
  author = {Aviad Heifitz and Philippe Mongin},
  title = {The Modal Logic of Probability (Extended Abstract)},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {175--185},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {probability-semantics;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ heifitz:1999a,
  author = {Aviad Heifitz},
  title = {Iterative and Fixed Point Common Belief},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {61--97},
  topic = {mutual-belief;infinitary-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ heil:1993a,
  author = {John Heil},
  title = {Review of {\it The Metaphysics of Consciousness},
  	by {W}illiam {S}eager},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {102},
  number = {4},
  pages = {612--614},
  xref = {Review of seager:1991a.},
  topic = {consciousness;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@book{ heil-mele:1993a,
  editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele},
  title = {Mental Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Donald Davidson, "Thinking Causes", pp. 3--17
	2. Jaegwon Kim, "Can Supervenience and `Non-Strict Laws'
		Save Anomalous Monism?", pp. 19--26
	3. Brian P. McLaughlin, "On {D}avidson's Response to the
		Charge of Epiphenomenalism", pp. 27--40
	4. Ernest Sosa, "{D}avidson's Thinking Causes", pp. 41--50
	5. Robert Audi, "Mental Causation: Sustaining and Dynamic",
		pp. 53--74
	6. Lunne Rudder Baker, "Metaphysics and Mental Causation",
		pp. 75--95
	7. Tyler Burge, "Mind-Body Causation and Explanatory Practice",
		pp. 97--120
	8. Fred Dretske, "Mental Events as Structuring Causes of
		Behaviour", pp. 131--136
	9. Ted Honderich, "The Union Theory and Anti-Individualism",
		pp. 137--159
       10. Jennifer Hornsby, "Agency and Causal Explanation", pp.
       		161--188
       11. Jaegwon Kim, "The Non-Reductivist's Troubles with Mental
       		Causation", pp. 189--210
       12. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Explanation in Biopsychology", pp.
       		pp. 211--232
       13. Robert van Gulick,  "Who's in Charge Here?  And Who's
       		Doing All the Work?", pp. 233--256
       14. Frank Jackson and Phillip Pettit, "Some Content is
       		Narrow", pp. 259--282
       15. H.W. Noonan, "Object-Dependent Thoughts: A Case
       		of Superficial Necessity but Deep Contingency?",
		pp. 283--308
       16. Ernest Sosa, "Abilities, Concepts, and Externalism",
       		pp. 309--328
   } ,
  topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@book{ heilbroner-thurow:1975a,
  author = {Robert L. Heilbroner and Lester C. Thurow},
  edition = {3},
  title = {Understanding Microeconomics},
  publisher = {Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall, [},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Englewood},
  ISBN = {0139364358.0139364277},
  topic = {microenomics;economics-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ heilbroner-thurow:1987a,
  author = {Robert L. Heilbroner and Lester C. Thurow},
  title = {Economics Explained},
  publisher = {Simon and Schuster},
  year = {1987},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0671645560 (pbk.)},
  topic = {economics-intro;}  
 } 

@incollection{ heim_i:1979a,
  author = {Irene Heim},
  title = {Concealed Questions},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {51--60},
  contentnote = {The d.o. in `John knows Bill's telephone number'
  	is a concealed question.},
  topic = {interrogatives;nl-semantics;knowing-who;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ heim_i:1982a,
  author = {Irene Heim},
  title = {The Semantics of Definite and Indefinite Noun Phrases},
  school = {Linguistics Department, University of Massachusetts},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-semantics;discourse;definiteness;file-change-semantics;
  	donkey-anaphora;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ heim_i:1983a,
  author = {Irene Heim},
  title = {On the Projection Problem for Presuppositions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings, Second {W}est {C}oast {C}onference on {F}ormal
  	{L}inguistics},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Michael Barlow and Daniel P. Flickinger and Michael T.
  	Wescoat},
  pages = {114--125},
  publisher = {Stanford Linguistics Association},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ heim_i:1983b,
  author = {Irene Heim},
  title = {File Change Semantics and the Familiarity Theory of
  	Definiteness},
  booktitle = {Meaning, Use, and Interpretation of Language},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Christoph Schwarze and Arnim von
  	Stechow},
  pages = {164--189},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {definiteness;file-change-semantics;dynamic-semantics;
  	donkey-anaphora;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ heim_i:1986a,
  author = {Irene Heim},
  title = {The Semantics of Definite and Indefinite Noun Phrases},
  school = {Linguistics Department, University of Massachusetts},
  year = {1986},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;indefiniteness;definiteness;
  	dynamic-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ heim_i:1987a,
  author = {Irene Heim},
  title = {Where Does the Definiteness Restriction Apply?
	{E}vidence from the Definiteness of Variables.},
  booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  pages = {21--42},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-semantics;(in)definiteness;}  
  } 

@article{ heim_i:1990a,
  author = {Irene Heim},
  title = {E-Type Pronouns and Definite Anaphora},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {137--178},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;anaphora;uniqueness;
  	file-change-semantics;definiteness;donkey-anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ heim_i:1992a,
  author = {Irene Heim},
  title = {Presupposition Projection and the Semantics
  	of Attitude Verbs},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {183--221},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {presupposition;anaphora;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@book{ heim_i-kratzer:1997a,
  author = {Irene Heim and Angelika Kratzer},
  title = {Semantics in Generative Grammar},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ heim_m:1993a,
  author = {Michael Heim},
  title = {The Metaphysics of Virtual Reality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0195081781 (paper)},
  topic = {virtual-reality;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ heinamaki:1972a,
  author = {Orvokki Hein\"am\"aki},
  title = {{\em Before}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth Regional Meeting of the
  	Chicago Linguistics Society},
  year = {1972},
  pages = {139--151},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society},
  editor = {Paul M. Peranteau and Judith N. Levi and Gloria C. Phares},
  address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ heine:1997a,
  editor = {Bernd Heine},
  title = {Cognitive Foundations of Grammar},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-19-510251-7 (hardback), 0-19-510252-5 (paperback)},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;foundations-of-grammar;}  
 } 

@incollection{ heinemann:1998a,
  author = {Bernhard Heinemann},
  title = {Topological Nexttime Logic},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {99--113},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;tense-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ heinsohn:1991a,
  author = {Jochen Heinsohn},
  title = {A Hybrid Approach to Modeling Uncertainty in Terminological
  	Logics},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {198--205},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ heinsohn-etal:1992a,
  author = {Jochen Heinsohn and Daniel Kudenko and Bernhard Nebel
  	and Hans-J\"urgen Profitlich},
  title = {An Empirical Analysis of Terminological Representation
  	Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
  pages = {767--773},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: heinsohn-etal:1994a.},
  topic = {kr;experimental-testing-of-kr-systems;taxonomic-logics;
  	AI-system-evaluation;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ heinsohn-etal:1994a,
  author = {Jochen Heinsohn and Daniel Kudenko and Bernhard Nebel and
  	Hans-J\"urgen Profitlich},
  title = {An Empirical Analysis of Terminological Representation
  	Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {68},
  number = {2},
  pages = {367--397},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The family of terminological representation systems has its
     roots in the representation system KL-ONE. Since the development
     of KL-ONE more than a dozen similar representation systems have
     been developed by various research groups. These systems vary
     along a number of dimensions. In this paper, we present the
     results of an empirical analysis of six such systems.
     Surprisingly, the systems turned out to be quite diverse,
     leading to problems when transporting knowledge bases from one
     system to another.  Additionally, the runtime performance of
     different systems and knowledge bases varied more than we
     expected.  Finally, our empirical runtime performance results
     give an idea of what runtime performance to expect from such
     representation systems.  These findings complement previously
     reported analytical results about the computational complexity
     of reasoning in such systems.
  } ,
  topic = {kr;experimental-testing-of-kr-systems;taxonomic-logics;
  	AI-system-evaluation;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ heinze-etal:2001a,
  author = {Daniel F. Heinze and Mark Morsch and Ronald Sheffer and
  	Michelle Jimmink and Mark Jennings},
  title = {{LifeCode}: A Deployed Application for Medical Coding},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {76--88},
  topic = {medical-AI;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@book{ helander-etal:1997a,
  editor = {Martin G. Helander and Thomas K. Landauer and Prasad V.
  	Prabhu},
  title = {Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  edition = {2},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444818626 (hardbound)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ held:1970a,
  author = {Virginia Held},
  title = {Can a Random Collection of Individuals
             Be Morally Responsible?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  volume = {67},
  year = {1970},
  pages = {471--481},
  topic = {blameworthiness;}  
    } 

@incollection{ helft:1989a,
  author = {Nicolas Helft},
  title = {Induction as Nonmonotonic Inference},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {149--156},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;induction;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hella-luosto:1995a,
  author = {Lauri Hella and Kerkko Luosto},
  title = {Finite Generation Problem and $n$-ary Quanfifiers},
  booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W.
  	Szczerba},
  pages = {63--104},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ hella-etal:1997a,
  author = {Lauri Hella and Jouko V\"a\"an\"anen and Dag Westerst\"ahl},
  title = {Definability of Polyadic Lifts of Generalized Quantifiers},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {305--355},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hellendoorn-reinfrank:1991a,
  author = {Hans Hellendoorn and Michael Reinfrank},
  title = {Fuzzy Control Research at {S}iemens Corporate {R\&D}},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {206--210},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {fuzzy-logic;fuzzy-control;}  
  } 

@article{ heller:1998a,
  author = {Mark Heller},
  title = {Property Counterparts in Ersatz Worlds},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {95},
  number = {6},
  pages = {293--316},
  topic = {philosophy-of-possible-worlds;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ hellman_g:1981a,
  author = {Geoffrey Hellman},
  title = {Stochastic {E}instein-Locality and the {B}ell Theorem},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University},
  topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ hellman_g:1981b,
  author = {Geoffrey Hellman},
  title = {Types of Hidden-Variable Theories for Quantum
  	Mechanics and the Nonexistence Proofs},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University},
  topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ hellman_g:1981c,
  author = {Geoffrey Hellman},
  title = {A Modal Derivation of {B}ell's Theorem},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ hellman_g:1985a,
  author = {Geoffrey Hellman},
  title = {Determination and Logical Truth},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {82},
  number = {11},
  pages = {607--616},
  topic = {supervenience;}  
  } 

@book{ hellman_g:1989a,
  author = {Geoffrey Hellman},
  title = {Mathematics Without Numbers: Towards a Modal-Structural
         Interpretation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
 } 

@article{ hellman_g:1990a,
  author = {Geoffrey Hellman},
  title = {Towards a Modal-Structural Interpretation of Set Theory},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {84},
  number = {3},
  pages = {409--443},
  topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ hellman_g:1993a,
  author = {Geoffrey Hellman},
  title = {Gleason's Theorem is Not Constructively Provable},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {193--203},
  contentnote = {Gleason's theorem is important in QM, it says that
  	all probability measures over the projection lattice of
	Hilbert space can be represented as density operators.
	See billinge:1997a.},
  topic = {quantum-logic;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;
  	constructive-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ hellman_g:1993b,
  author = {Geoffrey Hellman},
  title = {Constructive Mathematics and Quantum Mechanics: Unbounded
		Operators and the Spectral Theorem},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {221--248},
  xref = {Comment: bridges:1995a.},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ hellman_g:1997a,
  author = {Geoffrey Hellman},
  title = {Quantum Mechanical Unbounded Operators and Constructive
  	Mathematics---A Rejoinder to {B}ridges},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {121--127},
  topic = {quantum-logic;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;
  	constructive-mathematics;}  
  } 

@book{ helm:1994a,
  author = {Paul Helm},
  title = {Belief Policies},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {will-to-believe;}  
 } 

@article{ helm:2001a,
  author = {Bennett W. Helm},
  title = {Emotions and Practical Reason},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {35},
  number = {2},
  pages = {190--213},
  topic = {emotion;practical-reason;}  
  } 

@article{ helman:1977a,
  author = {Glen Helman},
  title = {Completeness of the Normal Typed Fragment of the
  	$\lambda$-System {U}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--46},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ helman:1983a,
  author = {Glen Helman},
  title = {An Interpretation of Classical Proofs},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39--71},
  topic = {proof-theory;semantics-of-proofs;}  
  } 

@article{ hempel:1939a1,
  author = {Carl G. Hempel},
  title = {Vagueness and Logic},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1939},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {163--180},
  month = {April},
  xref = {Republication: hempel:1939a2},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hempel:1939a2,
  author = {Carl G. Hempel},
  title = {Vagueness and Logic},
  booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {82--84},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of: hempel:1939a1},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ hempel:1945a,
  author = {Carl G. Hempel},
  title = {On the Nature of Mathematical Truth},
  journal = {The American Mathematical Monthly},
  year = {1945},
  volume = {52},
  number = {10},
  pages = {543--556},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ hempel:1948a,
  author = {Carl G. Hempel},
  title = {The Covering Law Analysis of Scientific Explanation},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1948},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {135--146,157--157,172--174},
  topic = {explanation;philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@article{ hempel:1960a,
  author = {Carl G. Hempel},
  title = {Inductive Inconsistencies},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {439--469},
  topic = {induction;Hempel-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ hempel:1962a,
  author = {Carl G. Hempel},
  title = {Rational Action},
  journal = {Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical
		Association},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {5--23},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;rationality;}  
  } 

@book{ hempel:1965a,
  author = {Carl G. Hempel},
  title = {Aspects of Scientific Explanation, and Other Essays in the
    Philosophy of Science},
  publisher = {The Free Press},
  year = {1965},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {explanation;philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hendler:1992a,
  author = {James A. Hendler},
  title = {Massively-Parallel Marker-Passing in Semantic Networks},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {277--291},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;marker-passing;parallel-processing;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hendler-etal:1995a,
  author = {James Hendler and Jaime Carbonell and Douglas Lenat and
  	Riichiro Mizoguchi and Paul Rosenbloom},
  title = {{VERY} Large Knowledge Bases---Architecture Versus
  	Engineering},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {2033--2036},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {large-kr-systems;kr;krcourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hendler:1996a,
  author = {James Hendler},
  title = {Implementations and Research: Discussions at the Boundary
  	(Position Statement)},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {659--660},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;AI-implementations;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hendler:2002a,
  author = {Jim Hendler},
  title = {The Semantic Web: {KR}'s Worst Nightmare?},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {630},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;AI-and-the-internet;} 
  } 

@techreport{ hendriks_h:1987a,
  author = {Herman Hendriks},
  title = {Type Change in Semantics: The Scope of Quantification
		and Coordination},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {87--09},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;polymorphism;nl-semantic-types;nl-quantifiers;
	coordination;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ hendriks_h:1993a,
  author = {Herman Hendriks},
  title = {Studied Flexibility},
  school = {University of Amsterdam},
  year = {1993},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {department},
  topic = {nl-semantics;dynamic-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ hendriks_h:2001a,
  author = {Herman Hendriks},
  title = {Compositionality and Model-Theoretic Interpretation},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--48},
  topic = {compositionality;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ hendriks_l:1999a,
  author = {Lex Hendriks},
  title = {Review of {\em Effective Logic Computation},
		by {K}lause {T}ruemper},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {481--484},
  xref = {Review of truemper:1998a.},
  topic = {model-construction;}  
  } 

@article{ hendriks_p-hoop:2001a,
  author = {Petra Hendriks and Helen de Hoop},
  title = {Optimality Theoretic Semantics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--32},
  topic = {nl-semantics;optimality-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ hendriks_vf-etal:2000a,
  editor = {Vincent F. Hendriks and Stig Arthur Pederson and Klaus
  	Frovin J{\o}rgenson},
  title = {Proof Theory: History and Philosophical Significance},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Review: vanplato:2002a},
  topic = {proof-theory;} 
 } 

@article{ hendrix_gg:1973a,
  author = {Gary G. Hendrix},
  title = {Modeling Simultaneous Actions and Continuous Processes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {145--180},
  topic = {concurrent-actions;reasoning-about-continuous-time;
  	continuous-change;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hendrix_gg:1978a,
  author = {Gary G. Hendrix},
  title = {The Representation of Semantic Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {121--181},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {computational-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hendrix_gg:1978b,
  author = {Gary G. Hendrix},
  title = {The Model of the Ship-Information Domain},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {183--191},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {computational-ontology;speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hendrix_gg:1978c,
  author = {Gary G. Hendrix},
  title = {Semantic Aspects of Translation},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {193--226},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {computational-semantics;speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hendrix_gg:1978d,
  author = {Gary G. Hendrix},
  title = {Determining an Appropriate Response},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {347--353},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;discourse-reasoning;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hendrix_gg-etal:1994a,
  author = {Gary G. Hendrix and Earl D. Sacerdoti and Daniel
        Sagalowicz and Jonathan Slocum},
  title = {Developing a Natural Language Interface to
		Complex Data},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {59--107},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-interfaces;}  
  } 

@article{ henkin:1949a,
  author = {Leon Henkin},
  title = {The Completeness of the First-Order Functional Calculus},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1949},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {159--166},
  missinginfo = {number.},
  topic = {logic-classic;}  
 } 

@article{ henkin:1950a,
  author = {Leon Henkin},
  title = {Completeness in the Theory of Types},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic logic},
  year = {1950},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {81--91},
  missinginfo = {number.},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ henkin:1954a,
  author = {Leon Henkin},
  title = {A Generalization of the Concept of $\omega$-Consistency},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1954},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {183--196},
  xref = {Review:  JSL 23, p. 40.},
  topic = {omega-consistency|completeness;}  
  } 

@article{ henkin:1957a,
  author = {Leon Henkin},
  title = {A Generalization of the Concept of $\omega$-Completeness},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1957},
  volume = {22},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1--14},
  topic = {omega-consistency|completeness;}  
  } 

@article{ henkin:1963a,
  author = {Leon Henkin},
  title = {A Theory of Propositional Types},
  journal = {Fundamenta Mathematicae},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {52},
  pages = {323--350},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {propositional-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ henkin:1996a,
  author = {Leon Henkin},
  title = {The Discovery of My Completeness Proofs},
  journal = {Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {127--158},
  topic = {completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@book{ henle-etal:1951a,
  editor = {Paul Henle and Horace M. Kallen and Susanne K. Langer},
  title = {Structure, Method, and Meaning: Essays in Honor of
		{H}enry M. {S}cheffer},
  publisher = {Liberal Arts Press},
  year = {1951},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;logic;}  
 } 

@article{ henle:1961a,
  author = {Paul Henle},
  title = {On the Second Ontological Argument},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1961},
  volume = {70},
  number = {1},
  pages = {85--109},
  topic = {ontological-argument;(non)existence;}  
  } 

@incollection{ henninger-etal:2001a,
  author = {Amy E. Henninger and Avelino J.Gonzalez and Michael
    		Georgiopoulos and Michael De{M}aro},
  title = {A Connectionist-Symbolic Approach to Modeling Agent
		Behavior: Neural Networks Grouped by Contexts},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {198--209},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@incollection{ henrion:1990a,
  author = {Max Henrion},
  title = {An Introduction to Algorithms for Inference in Belief Nets},
  booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 5},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {129--138},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.},
  address = {North Holland},
  editor = {M. Henrion and R.D. Shachter and L.N. Kanal and J.F. Lemmer},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;}  
} 

@incollection{ henrion:1990b,
  author = {Max Henrion},
  title = {Toward Efficient Probabilistic Diagnosis in Multiply
		Connected Belief Networks},
  booktitle = {Influence Diagrams, Belief Nets, and Decision Analysis},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons, Inc.},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {R.M. Oliver and J.Q. Smith},
  pages = {285--410},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ henrion-etal:1990a,
  editor = {Max Henrion and Ross D. Shachter and L.N. Kanal and J.F.
  	Lemmer},
  title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {5},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444887393},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
 } 

@book{ henrion-etal:1991a,
  editor = {Max Henrion and R.D. Shachter and L.N. Kanal
		and J.F. Lemmer},
  title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of the
   Sixth Conference},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
 } 

@book{ henry:1998a,
  author = {Philip R. Henry},
  title = {Belief Reports and the Structure of Believing},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Stanford},
  topic = {belief;}  
 } 

@article{ henson:1972a,
  author = {C. Henson},
  title = {On Nonstandard Representation of Measures},
  journal = {Transactions of the American Mathematical Society},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {172},
  pages = {437--436},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {nonstandard-probability;}  
  } 

@book{ heny:1981a,
  editor = {Frank Heny},
  title = {Binding and Filtering},
  publisher = {Croom Helm},
  year = {1981},
  address = {London},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Frank Heny, "Introduction"
     2. Noam Chomsky, "On binding"
     3. Leland M. George and Jaklin Kornfilt, "Finiteness and
     		Boundedness in Turkish"
     4. Luigi Rizzi, "Nominative marking in Italian infinitives and
     		the nominative island constraint"
     5. Eric J. Reuland, "Empty subjects, case and agreement and the
     		grammar of Dutch"
     6. Richard S. Kayne, "Binding, quantifiers, clitics and control"
     7. Stephen Harlow, "Government and relativisation in Celtic"
     8. Joan Maling and Annie Zaenen, "Germanic word order and the
     		format of surface filters"
     9. Pieter Muysken, "Quecha word structure"
  } ,
  ISBN = {0709903863},
  topic = {government-binding-theory;}  
} 

@article{ heny:1982a,
  author = {Frank Heny},
  title = {Tense, Aspect and Time Adverbials, {II}},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {109--154},
  topic = {nl-tense;nl-semantics;temporal-adverbials;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hepple:1997a,
  author = {Mark Hepple},
  title = {Maximal Incrementality in Linear Categorial Deduction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {344--359},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ herbert-karusch:1977a,
  author = {Nick Herbert and Jack Karusch},
  title = {Generalization of {B}ell's Theorem},
  journal = {Foundations of Physics},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3/4},
  pages = {313--317},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ herburger:1993a,
  author =  {Elena Herburger},
  title = {Focus and the {LF} of {NP} Quantification},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{III}},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner},
  pages = {77--96},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {sentence-focus;nl-quantification;}  
  } 

@article{ herburger:1997a,
  author = {Elena Herburger},
  title = {Focus and Weak Noun Phrases},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--78},
  topic = {sentence-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ herburger:2001a,
  author = {Elena Herburger},
  title = {The Negative Concord Puzzle Revisited},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {289--333},
  topic = {polarity;negative-concord;} 
  } 

@book{ heringer:1972a,
  author = {James T. Heringer},
  title = {Some Grammatical Correlates of Felicity Conditions and
  	Presuppositions},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1972},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ heringer:1976a,
  author = {James T. Heringer},
  title = {Pre-sequences and Indirect Speech Acts},
  booktitle = {Discourse Structure Across Time and Space},
  publisher = {Linguistics Department, University of California},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Edward L. Keenan and T. Bennett},
  pages = {169--180},
  address = {Los Angeles, California},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ herkin:1988a,
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  title = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Andrew Hodges, "Alan {T}uring and the {T}uring Machine",
		pp. 3--15
	2. Steven C. Kleene, "Turing's Analysis of Computability,
		and Major Applications of It", pp. 17--54
	3. Robin Gandy, "The Confluence of Ideas in
		1936", pp. 55--111
	4. Solomon Feferman, "Turing in the Land of
		{O}(z)", pp. 113--147
	5. Martin Davis, "Mathematical Logic and the Origin of
		Modern Computers", pp. 149--174
	6. Michael A. Arbib, "From Universal {T}uring Machines
		to Self-Reproduction", pp. 177--189
	7. Michael J. Beeson, "Computerizing Mathematics: Logic and
		Computation", pp. 191--225
       10. Charles H. Bennett, "Logical Depth and Physical
       		Complexity", pp. 227--257
       11. Allen H. Brady, "The Busy Beaver Game and the Meaning
       		of Life", pp. 259--277
       12. Gregory J. Chattin, "An Algebraic Equation for the Halting
       		Probability", pp. 279--283
       13. Michael Conrad, "The Price of Programmability", pp. 285--307
       14. Elias Dahlhaus and Johann A. Malowsky, "Gandy's
       		Principles for Mechanism as a Model of Parallel
		Computation", pp. 309--314
       15. Martin Davis, "Influences of Mathematical Logic on
       		Computer Science", pp. 315--326
       16. Jens Erik Fenstad, "Language and
       		Computations", pp. 327--347
       17. David Finkelstein, "Finite Physics", pp. 349--376
       18. Oded Goldreich, "Randomness, Interactive Proofs, and
       		Zero-Knowledge---A Survey", pp. 377--405
       19. Yuri Gurevich, "Algorithms in the World of Bounded
       		Resources", pp. 407--416
       20. Brosl Hasslacher, "Beyond the Turing
       		Machine", pp. 417--433
       21. Moshe Koppel, "Structure", pp. 435--452
       22. Johann A. Makowsky, "Mental Images and the Architecture
       		of Concepts", pp. 453--465
       23. Donald Michie, "The Fifth Generation's Unbridged
       		Gap", pp. 467--489
       24. Roger Penrose, "On the Physics and Mathematics of
       		Thought", pp. 491--522
       25. Robert Rosen, "Effective Processes and Natural
       		Law", pp. 523--537
       26. Helmut Schlelle, "Turing Naturalized: {V}on {N}eumann's
       		Unfinished Project", pp. 539--559
       27. Uwe Schoning, "Complexity Theory and
       		Interactions", pp. 561--580
       28. John C. Shepardson, "Mechanisms for Computing over
       		Arbitrary Structures", pp. 581--601
       29. Boris A. Trakhtenbrot, "Conparing the {C}hurch and {T}uring
       		Approaches: Two Prophetical Messages", pp. 603--630
       30. Oswald Weiner, "Form and Content in Thinking Turing
       		Machines", pp. 631--657
   } ,
  topic = {Turing;theory-of-computation;history-of-computation;}  
 } 

@article{ herman-kanade:1986a,
  author = {Martin Herman and Takeo Kanade},
  title = {Incremental Reconstruction of 3D Scenes from
  	Multiple, Complex Images},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {289--341},
  topic = {three-D-reconstruction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hermjakob-mooney:1997a,
  author = {Ulf Hermjakob and Raymond J. Mooney},
  title = {Learning Parse and Translation Decisions from Examples
  		with Rich Context},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {482--489},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;}  
 } 

@article{ hernandezorallo:2000a,
  author = {Jose Hernandez-Orallo},
  title = {Beyond the {T}uring Test},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {447--446},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ hernandezorallo:2000b,
  author = {Jos\'e Hern\'andez-Orallo},
  title = {Review of {\it Truth from Trash: How Learning Makes Sense},
  	by Chris Thornton},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {124},
  number = {1},
  pages = {161--165},
  xref = {Review of: thornton:2000a.},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ herre:1991a,
  author = {Heinich Herre},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Logic Programs},
  booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt},
  pages = {38--58},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ herre:1994a,
  author = {Heinrich Herre},
  title = {Compactness Properties of Nonmonotonic Inference Operations},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce},
  pages = {19--33},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ herre:1995a,
  author = {Heinrich Herre},
  title = {Theory of Linear Order in Extended Logics},
  booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W.
  	Szczerba},
  pages = {139--192},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {linear-orderings;decidability;}  
  } 

@book{ herrero:1988a,
  author = {Angel Herrero},
  title = {Semiotica y Creatividad: La Logica Abductiva},
  publisher = {Palas Atenea},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Madrid},
  topic = {semiotics;creativity;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ herrman-thielscher:1996a,
  author = {Christoph Herrman and Mochael Thielscher},
  title = {Reasoning about Continuous Processes},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {639--644},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;reasoning-about-continuous-time;
  	continuous-change;}  
  } 

@book{ hersh:1996a,
  author = {Reuben Hersh},
  title = {What is Mathematics, Really},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: liston:1991.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ herskovits:1997a,
  author = {Annette Herskovits},
  title = {Language, Spatial Cognition, and
         Vision},
  booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Oliviero Stock},
  pages = {155--202},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {spatial-semantics;vision;}  
  } 

@article{ herweg:1991a,
  author = {Michael Herweg},
  title = {Perfective and Imperfective Aspect and the Theory of Events
  	and States},
  journal = {Linguistics},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {29},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {tense-aspect;imperfective-paradox;}  
  } 

@incollection{ herzberger:1970a,
  author = {Hans Herzberger},
  title = {Truth and Modality in Semantically Closed Languages},
  booktitle = {The Paradox of the Liar},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1970},
  editor = {Robert L. Martin},
  address = {New Haven},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ herzberger:1970b,
  author = {Hans Herzberger},
  title = {Paradoxes of Grounding in Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {145--167},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ herzberger:1973a,
  author = {Hans G. Herzberger},
  title = {Dimensions of Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {535--556},
  topic = {truth;}  
  } 

@article{ herzberger:1975a,
  author = {Hans Herzberger},
  title = {Canonical Superlanguages},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {45--65},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;supervaluations;}  
  } 

@incollection{ herzberger:1976a,
  author = {Hans G. Herzberger},
  title = {Presuppositional Policies},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {139--164},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ herzberger:1979a,
  author = {Hans Herzberger},
  title = {Counterfactuals and Consistency},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {86},
  pages = {83--88},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ herzberger:1982a,
  author = {Hans Herzberger},
  title = {Notes on Naive Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {61--102},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ herzberger:1982b,
  author = {Hans Herzberger},
  title = {Naive Semantics and the Liar Paradox},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {79},
  number = {9},
  pages = {479--497},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ herzberger:1982c,
  author = {Hans Herzberger},
  title = {New Paradoxes for Old},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1982},
  missinginfo = {pages, number},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ herzig:1996a,
  author = {Andreas Herzig},
  title = {The {PMA} Revisited},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {40--50},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  contentnote = {"PMA" = possible models approach.  Winslett's approach to
  	DB update.},
  topic = {database-update;kr-complexity-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ herzig:1998a,
  author = {Andreas Herzig},
  title = {Logics for Belief Base Updating},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 3:  Belief Change},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  pages = {189--231},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ herzig-rifi:1998a,
  author = {Andreas Herzig and Omar Rifi},
  title = {Update Operations: A Review},
  booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henri Prade},
  pages = {13--17},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {knowledge-base-revision;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ herzig-etal:1999a,
  author = {Andreas Herzig and Jer\^ome Lang and Thomas Polacsek},
  title = {Knowledge, Actions, and Tests},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Practical Reasoning and Rationality},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {John Bell},
  pages = {16--20},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {modal-logic;action-formalisms;practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ herzig-rifi:1999a,
  author = {Andreas Herzig and Omar Rifi},
  title = {Propositional Belief Update and Minimal Change},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {115},
  number = {1},
  pages = {107--138},
  topic = {belief-revision;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ herzig-rifi:1999b,
  author = {Andreas Herzig and Omar Rifi},
  title = {Propositional Belief Base Update and Minimal Change},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {115},
  number = {1},
  pages = {107--138},
  topic = {knowledge-base-revision;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hesse:1993a,
  author = {Mary N. hesse},
  title = {Models, Metaphors, and Truth},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {III}, Metaphor and
  	Knowledge},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {F.R. Ankersmit and J.J.A. Mooij},
  pages = {49--66},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;philosophy-and-models;}  
  } 

@article{ hestvik:1995a,
  author = {Arild Hestvik},
  title = {Reflexives and Ellipsis},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {211--237},
  topic = {ellipsis;anaphora;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ hetherington:1999a,
  author = {Steven Hetherington},
  title = {Knowing Failably},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {11},
  pages = {565--587},
  topic = {defeasible-knowledge;}  
  } 

@article{ hewitt:1977a,
  author = {Carl Hewitt},
  title = {Viewing Control Structures as Patterns of Passing
  	Messages},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {323--364},
  topic = {control;distributed-processing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hewitt_bg:1994a,
  author = {B.G. Hewitt},
  title = {Greenburg Universals},
  booktitle = {The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {R. Asher},
  pages = {1500--1504},
  address = {Oxford},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {language-universals;}  
  } 

@article{ hewitt_c:1991a,
  author = {Carl Hewitt},
  title = {Open Information Systems Semantics for Distributed
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {47},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {79--106},
  acontentnote = {Abstract: Distributed Artificial Intelligence (henceforth
     called DAI) deals with issues of large-scale Open Systems (i.e.
     systems which are always subject to unanticipated outcomes in
     their operation and which can receive new information from
     outside themselves at any time). Open Information Systems
     (henceforth called OIS) are Open Systems that are implemented
     using digital storage, operations, and communications
     technology. OIS Semantics aims to provide a scientific
     foundation for understanding such large-scale OIS projects and
     for developing new technology.
 } ,
  topic = {distributed-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hewitt_c:1995a,
  author = {Carl Hewitt},
  title = {From Contexts to Negotiation Forums},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  pages = {4--5},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  note = {Abstract.},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@article{ heycock-kroch:1999a,
  author = {Caroline Heycock and Anthony Kroch},
  title = {Pseudocleft Connectedness: Implications for
		the {LF} Interface Level},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {365--397},
  topic = {cleft-constructions;LF;}  
  } 

@article{ heyer:1985a,
  author = {Gerhard Heyer},
  title = {Generic Descriptions, Default Reasoning, and Typicality},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2/3},
  pages = {35--72},
  topic = {nl-generics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ heylen:1995a,
  author = {Derek Heylen},
  title = {Lexical Functions, Generative Lexicons and the World},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {125--140},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;nl-kr;computational-ontology;}  
  } 

@book{ heyting:1956a,
  author = {Arend Heyting},
  title = {Intuitionism: An Introduction},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1956},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;intuitionistic-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ hickerson:1971a,
  author = {Nancy P. Hickerson},
  title = {Review of {\it Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and
		`Evolution}, by {B}rent {B}erlin and {P}aul {K}ay},
  journal = {International Journal of American Linguistics},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {37},
  pages = {257--275},
  missinginfo = {number, last page is guess},
  topic = {color-terms;cultural-anthropology;}  
  } 

@article{ hickey:1996a,
  author = {Ray J. Hickey},
  title = {Noise Modelling and Evaluating Learning from Examples},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {82},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {157--179},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The means of evaluating, using artificial data, algorithms, such
     as ID3, which learn concepts from examples is enhanced and
     referred to as the method of artificial universes.  The central
     notions are that of a class model and its associated
     representations in which a class attribute is treated as a
     dependent variable with description attributes functioning as
     the independent variables.  The nature of noise in the model is
     discussed and modelled using information-theoretic ideas
     especially that of majorisation.  The notion of an irrelevant
     attribute is also considered.  The ideas are illustrated through
     the construction of a small universe which is then altered to
     increase noise.  Learning curves for ID3 used on data generated
     from these universes are estimated from trials.  These show that
     increasing noise has a detrimental effect on learning.  } ,
  topic = {machine-learning;noise-modeling;}  
  } 

@book{ hicks-essinger:1991a,
  author = {Richard Hicks and James Essinger},
  title = {Making Computers More Human: Designing for Human-Computer
  	Interaction},
  publisher = {Elsevier Advanced Technology},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {1856170578},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hidalgo-sanz:2000a,
  author = {Jos\'e M. G\'omez Hidalgo and Enrique Puertas Sanz},
  title = {Combining Text and Heuristics for Cost-Sensitive Spam 
            Filtering},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {99--102},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;spam-filtering;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1980a,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Review of {\it Montague Grammar}, edited by {B}arbara {H}.
  	{P}artee},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {77},
  number = {6},
  pages = {278--312},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1980b,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Comments on {H}intikka's Paper},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2},
  pages = {263--271},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1980c,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Pronouns and Bound Variables},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {679--708},
  topic = {anaphora;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham-may:1981a,
  author = {James Higginbotham and Robert May},
  title = {Questions, Quantifiers and Crossing},
  journal = {Linguistic Review},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--80},
  topic = {interrogatives;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ higginbotham:1982a,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {{VP} Deletion and Across the Board Quantifier Scope},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth Meeting of the {N}ew
  	{E}ngland {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {132--139},
  organization = {New {E}ngland {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  publisher = {University of Massachusetts Graduate Student
  	Association},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;ellipsis;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1982b,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Comments on {H}intikka's Paper},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {263--271},
  xref = {Commentary on hintikka:1982a.},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1983a,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {The Logic of Perceptual Reports: an Extensional Alternative
  	to Situation Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {80},
  pages = {100--127},
  number = {2},
  topic = {nl-semantics;logic-of-perception;situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1983b,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Logical Form, Binding, and Nominals},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {395--420},
  topic = {LF;}  
  } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1983c,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Is Grammar Psychological?},
  booktitle = {How Many Questions? Essays in Honor of {S}idney
  	{M}orgenbesser},
  publisher = {Hackett},
  pages = {170--179},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Indianapolis},
  topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;philosophy-of-linguistics;
		nl-semantics-and-cognition;psychological-reality;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1984a,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {English Is Not a Context-Free Language},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {225--234},
  topic = {GPSG;generative-capacity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1984c2,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Mass and Count Quantifiers},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Journal publication: higginbotham:1984c1.},
  missinginfo = {pages   pages = {383--}},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;compositionality;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1985a,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Reply to {P}ullman},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {16},
  number = {2},
  pages = {299--304},
  topic = {GPSG;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1985b,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {On Semantics},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {16},
  number = {4},
  pages = {547--593},
  contentnote = {A statement of the nature and role of semantics from the
  	standpoint of GB ca. 1985.  There is also some Davidson influence.
	--RT},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ higginbotham:1985c,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Linguistic Theory and {D}avidson's Program in Semantics},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Unpublished ms, {MIT} Linguistics Department.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;Donald-Davidson;}  
  } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1986a,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Linguistic Theory and {D}avidson's Program in Semantics},
  booktitle = {Truth and Interpretation: Perspectives on the Philosophy
     of {D}onald {D}avidson},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Ernest LePore},
  pages = {29--48},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nl-semantics;Donald-Davidson;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1986b,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {{P}eacocke on Explanation in Computational Psychology},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {388--391},
  topic = {philosophy-of-cogsci;}  
  } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1987a,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {The Autonomy of Syntax and Semantics},
  booktitle = {Modularity in Knowledge Representation and Natural-Language
     Understanding},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Jay L. Garfield},
  pages = {119--131},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1987b,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {On Semantics},
  booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Ernest LePore},
  pages = {1--54},
  address = {London},
  contentnote = {Discusses general issues in nl-semantics from a GB
  	perspective.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;LF;}  
  } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1987c,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Indefiniteness and Predication},
  booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {41--80},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-semantics;indefiniteness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1988a,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Contexts, Models, and Meanings: A Note on the Data of
  	Semantics},
  booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and
  	Reality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Ruth Kempson},
  pages = {29--48},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1988b,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {On the Varieties of Cross-Reference},
  journal = {Annali di Ca'Foscari},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {27},
  number = {4},
  pages = {123--142},
  topic = {anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1989a1,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Elucidations of Meaning},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {465--517},
  contentnote = {Main theme is relation between word meaning and the
  	interpretation of syntactic structures},
  xref = {Republication: higginbotham:1989a2.},
  topic = {LF;nl-semantics;events;event-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1989a2,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Elucidations of Meaning},
  booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Peter Ludlow},
  pages = {157--178},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of: higginbotham:1989a1.},
  topic = {LF;nl-semantics;events;event-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1989b,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Knowledge of Reference},
  booktitle = {Reflections on {C}homsky},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Alexander George},
  pages = {153--174},
  address = {Oxford, England},
  topic = {reference;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1989c,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Elucidations of Meaning},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {465--517},
  topic = {nl-semantics;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1989d,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Reference and Control},
  journal = {Rivista di Linguistica},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {301--326},
  topic = {syntactic-control;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1990a,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Penrose's Platonism},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {643--654},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1990b,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Philosophical Issues in the Study of Language},
  booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science,
     Volume 1},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {243--257},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1990c,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Searle's Vision of Psychology},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {585--596},
  topic = {philosophy-of-cogsci;}  
  } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1990d,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Frege, Concepts and the Design of Language},
  booktitle = {Information, Semantics and Epistemology},
  publisher = {Blackwell},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Enrique Villaneuva},
  address = {Oxford},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {Frege;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1991a,
   author = {James Higginbotham},
   title = {Remarks on the Metaphysics of Linguistics},
   journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
   year = {1991},
   volume = {14},
   number = {5},
   pages = {555--566},
   xref = {Commentary on katz_jj-postal:1991a.},
   topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1991b,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Belief and Logical Form},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {344--369},
  topic = {belief;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1992a,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Reference and Control},
  booktitle = {Control and Grammar},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {James Higginbotham, Richard K. Larson, Sabine Iatridou
  	and Utpal Lahiri},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {syntactic-control;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1992b,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Truth and Understanding},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {65},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {3--16},
  topic = {truth;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ higginbotham-etal:1992a,
  editor = {James Higginbotham and Richard K. Larson and Sabine Iatridou
  	and Utpal Lahiri},
  title = {Control and Grammar},
  publisher = {Kluwer},
  year = {1992},
  number = {48},
  series = {Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's order.},
  topic = {syntactic-control;}  
 } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1993a,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Interrogatives},
  booktitle = {The View from Building 20: Essays in Linguistics in
  	Honor of {S}ylvain {B}romberger},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Kenneth Hale and Samuel Jay Keyser},
  pages = {195--227},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1993b,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Latter-Day Intensions},
  journal = {Journal of Linguistics},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {29},
  number = {2},
  pages = {38--39},
  note = {Review of {G}ennaro {C}herchia, {B}arbara {H}. {P}artee
     and {R}aymond {T}urner, eds., {\it Properties, Types and Meaning,
     Vol. {I}: Foundational Issues.} {\it Properties, Types and Meaning,
     Vol. {II}: Semantic Issues}.},
  topic = {nl-semantic-types;intensionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1993c,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Grammatical Form and Logical Form},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {173--196},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {LF;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1994a,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Noam {C}homsky's Linguistic Theory},
  booktitle = {Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects of Artificial
     Intelligence},
  publisher = {Norwood},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Steven B. Torrance},
  pages = {114--124},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Original Publication: Social Research, 49(1), 1982.},
  topic = {government-binding-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1994b,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Review of {\it Frege and Other Philosophers}, by
  	{M}ichael {D}ummett},
  journal = {Philosophical Books},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {35},
  number = {2},
  pages = {89--94},
  topic = {Frege;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1994c1,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Mass and Count Quantifiers},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {5},
  pages = {447--480},
  xref = {Reprinted in higginbotham:1984c2.},
  topic = {quantifier;mass-term-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ higginbotham:1994d,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Review {\it Microcognition: Philosophy, Cognitive Science,
     and Parallel Distributed Processing}, by Andy Clark},
  journal = {Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {44},
  number = {174},
  pages = {112--115},
  topic = {cognitive-science;}  
  } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1995a,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Some Philosophy of Language},
  booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science, Vol. 1,
  	2nd ed.},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Lila R. Gleitman and Mark Liberman},
  pages = {399--427},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1995b,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {The Place of Natural Language},
  booktitle = {On {Q}uine: New Essays},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Paolo Leonardi and Marco Santambragio},
  pages = {113--139},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ higginbotham:1995c,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Sense and Syntax},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {adverbs;nl-semantics;events;}  
 } 

@article{ higginbotham:1995d,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Tensed Thoughts},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {226--249},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-tense;}  
  } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1996a,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {{GB} Theory: An Introduction},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  pages = {311--360},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {GB-syntax;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ higginbotham:1996b,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {The Semantics of Questions},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {361--383},
  topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ higginbotham:1999a,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {Telic Pairs},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Oxford University.},
  topic = {eventualities;lexical-semantics;tense-aspect;event-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ higginbotham:1999b,
  author = {James Higginbotham},
  title = {The First Person in Language and Thought},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Oxford University.},
  topic = {indexicals;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@book{ higginbotham-etal:2000a,
  editor = {James Higginbotham and Fabio Pianesi and Achille C. Varzi},
  title = {Speaking of Events},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0195128079 (cloth)},
  topic = {events;nl-semantics;event-semantics;}  
} 

@book{ higgins_et-kruglanski:1996a,
  editor = {E. Tory Higgins and Arie W. Kruglanski},
  title = {Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles},
  publisher = {Guilford Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {1572301007},
  topic = {social-psychology;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ higgins_fr:1973a1,
  author = {Francis Roger Higgins},
  title = {The Pseudo-Cleft Construction in {E}nglish},
  school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
  year = {1973},
  xref = {Book publication: higgins:1973a3, IULC publication:
  	higgins:1973a2.},
  topic = {sentence-focus;cleft-constructions;presupposition;
  	English-language;}  
  } 

@book{ higgins_fr:1973a2,
  author = {Francis Roger Higgins},
  title = {The Pseudo-Cleft Construction in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1976},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  xref = {Dissertation: higgins:1973a1, Book Publication:
  	higgins:1973a3.},
  topic = {sentence-focus;cleft-constructions;presupposition;
  	English-language;}  
 } 

@book{ higgins_fr:1979a,
  author = {Francis Roger Higgins},
  title = {The Pseudo-Cleft Construction in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Garland Publishing Company},
  year = {1979},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Dissertation: higgins:1973a1.  IULC Publication:
  	higgins:1973a2.},
  topic = {sentence-focus;cleft-constructions;presupposition;
  	English-language;}  
 } 

@book{ hilbert-bernays:1939a,
  author = {David Hilbert and Paul Bernays},
  title = {Die {G}rundlagen der {M}athematik {II}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1939},
  address = {Berlin},
  edition = {2nd},
  topic = {logic-classics;}  
 } 

@article{ hildreth:1984a,
  author = {Ellen C. Hildreth},
  title = {Computations Underlying the Measurement of Visual Motion},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {309--354},
  topic = {motion-reconstruction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hildreth-ullman:1989a,
  author = {Ellec C. Hildreth and Shimon Ullman},
  title = {The Computational Study of Vision},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {15},
  pages = {583--630},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
  } 

@article{ hill:1987a,
  author = {Christopher S. Hill},
  title = {Rudiments of a Theory of Reference},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {28},
  number = {2},
  pages = {200--219},
  topic = {reference;foundations-of-semantics;} 
  } 

@book{ hill-gallagher:1994a,
  author = {P.M. Hill and J.G. Gallagher},
  title = {Meta-Programming in Logic Programming},
  publisher = {School of Computer Studies, University of Leeds},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Leeds},
  ISBN = {1575862379},
  topic = {metaprogramming;logic-programming;}  
 } 

@book{ hill_co:1997a,
  author = {Claire Ortiz Hill},
  title = {Rethinking Identity and Metaphysics},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {New Haven},
  topic = {metaphysics;referential-opacity;identity;}  
 } 

@article{ hill_cs:1976a,
  author = {Christopher C. Hill},
  title = {Toward a Theory of Meaning for Belief Sentences},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {209--226},
  topic = {belief;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hill_pm:1994a,
  author = {Patricia M. Hill},
  title = {A Module System for Meta-Programming},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {395--409},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {metaprogramming;}  
  } 

@book{ hillis:1985a,
  author = {W. Daniel Hillis},
  title = {The Connection Machine},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262081571},
  topic = {parallel-processing;}  
 } 

@book{ hillis:1998a,
  author = {W. Daniel Hillis},
  title = {The Pattern on the Stone: The Simple Ideas that Make Computers
    Work},
  publisher = {Basic Books},
  year = {1998},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0465025951 (hc)},
  topic = {popular-computer-science;foundations-of-computer-science;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hilpinen:1969a,
  author = {Risto Hilpinen},
  title = {An Analysis of Relativized Modalities},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {John W. Davis and D. J. Hockney and W.K. Wilson},
  pages = {181--193},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {relativized-modalities;nl-modality;ability;}  
  } 

@book{ hilpinen:1971a,
  editor = {Risto Hilpinen},
  title = {Deontic Logic: Introductory and Systematic Readings},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hilpinen:1974a,
  author = {Risto Hilpinen},
  title = {On the Semantics of Personal Directives},
  booktitle = {Semantics and Communication},
  publisher = {Horth-Holland Publishing Company},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {Carl H. Heidrich},
  pages = {162--179},
  topic = {deontic-logic;imperatives;}  
    } 

@book{ hilpinen:1981a,
  editor = {Risto Hilpinen},
  title = {New Studies in Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}, "On the Logic of Norms and
     		Actions", pp. 3--25
     2. Hector-Neri Casta\neda, "The Paradoxes of Deontic Logic: The
     		Simplest Solution to All of Them in One Fell
		Swoop", pp. 37--85
     3. David C. Makinson, "Quantificational Reefs in Deontic
     		Waters", pp. 87--91
     4. Carlos E. Alchourr\'on and Eugenio Bulygin, "The Expressive
     		Conception of Norms", pp. 95--125
     5. Carlos E. Alchourr\'on and David C. Makinson, "Hierarchies of
     		Regulations and Their Logic", pp. 125--148
     6. Peter K. Scotch and Raymond E. Jennings, "Non-{K}ripkean
     		Deontic Logic", pp. 149--162
     7. Richmond H. Thomason, "Deontic Logic as Founded on Tense
     		Logic", pp. 165--176
     8.  Richmond H. Thomason, "Deontic Logic and the Role of
     		Freedom in Moral Deliberation", pp. 177--186
     9. Lennart {\AA}qvist and Jaap Hoepelman, "Some Theorems about a
     		Tree System of Deontic Tense Logic", pp. 187--221
    10. Simo Knuuttila, "The Emergence of Deontic Logic in the
     		Fourteenth Century", pp. 225--248
  } ,
  ISBN = {9027712786},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hilpinen:1988a,
  author = {Risto Hilpinen},
  title = {Knowledge and Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Vol. 2: Epistemology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {157--182},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {epistemology;conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hilpinen:1994a,
  author = {Risto Hilpinen},
  title = {Disjunctive Permissions and Conditionals with Disjunctive
  	Antecedents},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {175--194},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {permission;deontic-logic;conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hinchliff:2000a,
  author = {Mark Hinchliff},
  title = {A Defense of Presentism in a Relativistic Setting},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S575--S586},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-time;}  
  } 

@article{ hinde:1985a,
  author = {Robert A. Hinde},
  title = {Was `The Expression of the Emotions' a Misleading
	Phrase?},
  journal = {Animal Behaviour},
  volume = {33},
  number = {3},
  pages = {985--992},
  year = {1985},
  topic = {emotions;nonverbal-behavior;}  
  } 

@book{ hindley:1997a,
  author = {J. Roger Hindley},
  title = {Basic Simple Type Theory},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: tiede:1999a.},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;}  
 } 

@techreport{ hinkelman:1987a,
  author = {Elizabeth Hinkelman},
  title = {Thesis Proposal:  A Plan-Based Approach to
	Conversational Implicature},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Rochester},
  number = {202},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Rochester, New York},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;plan-recognition;}  
  } 

@article{ hinkelman:1987b,
  author = {Elizabeth Hinkelman},
  title = {Relevance: Computation and Coherence},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {720--721},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {implicature;relevance;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hinkelman:1988a,
  author = {Elizabeth Hinkelman},
  title = {Plans, Speech Acts, and Conversational Implicature},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1988 Open House},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {C.A. Quiroz},
  pages = {59--70},
  publisher = {COmputer Science Department, University of Rochester},
  address = {Rochester},
  note = {Technical Report 209.},
  topic = {speech-acts-conversational-implicature;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ hinrichs:1983a,
  author = {Erhard Hinrichs},
  title = {The Semantics of the {E}nglish Progressive},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Nineteenth Regional Meeting of the
  	Chicago Linguistics Society},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {171--182},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society},
  address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {progressive;tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ hinrichs:1985a,
  author = {Erhard W. Hinrichs},
  title = {A Compositional Semantics for {A}ktionsarten and {NP} Reference in
		{E}nglish},
  school = {The Ohio State University},
  year = {1985},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Columbus},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
 } 

@article{ hinrichs:1986a,
  author = {Erhard Hinrichs},
  title = {Temporal Anaphora in Discourses of {E}nglish},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {63--82},
  topic = {anaphora;nl-tense;}  
  } 

@article{ hinrichs:1989a,
  author = {Erhard Hinrichs},
  title = {Review of {\it Temporal Structure in Sentence and
  	Discourse}, by Vinzenzo Lo Cascio and Co Vet},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {243--267},
  xref = {Review of locascio-vet:1986a.},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1957a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Quantifiers in Deontic Logic},
  journal = {Societas Scientiarumi Fennica, Commentationes Humanarum
  	Literarum},
  year = {1957},
  volume = {23},
  number = {4},
  pages = {475--484},
  topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1957b,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Necessity, Universality, and Time in {A}ristotle},
  journal = {Ajatus},
  year = {1957},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {65--91},
  topic = {Aristotle;philosophy-of-time;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1959a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {An {A}ristotelian Dilemma},
  journal = {Ajatus},
  year = {1959},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {87--92},
  topic = {Aristotle;syllogistic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1961a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Modalities and Quantification},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1961},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {119--128},
  topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@book{ hintikka:1962a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Knowledge and Belief},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1962},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;belief;}  
 } 

@article{ hintikka:1962b,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {{\em Cogito Ergo Sum:} Inference or Performance?},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {3--32},
  pages = {3--32},
  topic = {performatives;Descartes;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1964a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {The Once and Future Sea Fight: {A}ristotle's Discussion of
  	Future Contingents in "{d}e {I}nterpretatione" {IX}},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {73},
  pages = {461--492},
  topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1965a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Are Logical Truths Analytic?},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {174},
  number = {2},
  pages = {178--203},
  topic = {philosophy-of-logic;analyticity;} 
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1966a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Studies in the Logic of Existence and Modality},
  journal = {The Monist},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {50},
  number = {1},
  pages = {55--76},
  topic = {(non)existence;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1968a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Are Mathematical Truths Synthetic A Priori?},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {65},
  number = {24},
  pages = {640--651},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;a-priori;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hintikka:1969a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Deontic Logic and Its Philosophical Morals},
  booktitle = {Models for Modalities: Selected Essays},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  year = {1969},
  pages = {184--214},
  title = {On Semantic Information},
  booktitle = {Information and Inference},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1970},
  editor = {Jaakko Hintikka and Patrick Suppes},
  pages = {3--27},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {semantic-information;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hintikka:1970b,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Surface Information and Depth Information},
  booktitle = {Information and Inference},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1970},
  editor = {Jaakko Hintikka and Patrick Suppes},
  pages = {263--293},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {semantic-information;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1970c,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {`{K}nowing that One Knows' Reviewed},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {141--162},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1970d,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {The Semantics of Modal Notions and the Indeterminisy of Ontology},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {408--424},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {foundations-of-modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;reference-gaps;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1970e,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Objects of Knowledge and Belief:  Aquaintances and
		Public Figures},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {67},
  number = {21},
  pages = {869--883},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;quantifying-in-modality;logic-of-perception;
  	knowing-who;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1970f,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Knowledge, Belief, and Logical Consequence},
  journal = {Ajatus},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {32--47},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hintikka:1971a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Some Main Problems of Deontic Logic},
  booktitle = {Deontic Logic: Introductory and Systematic Readings},
  editor = {Risto Hilpinen},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  year = {1971},
  pages = {59--104},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
    } 

@article{ hintikka:1972a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Constituents and Finite Identifiability},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {45--52},
  topic = {Beth's-theorem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hintikka:1972b,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {The Semantics of Modal Notions and the
    	  Indeterminacy of Ontology},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {398--414},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {intensionality;logic-and-ontology;individuation;
  	philosophy-of-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1974a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Information, Causality, and the Logic of Perception},
  journal = {Ajatus},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {76--94},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hintikka:1974b,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {On the Proper Treatment of Quantifiers in {M}ontague
  	Semantics},
  booktitle = {Logical Theory and Semantic Analysis},
  editor = {S{\o}ren Stenlund},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1974},
  pages = {45--60},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-quantifiers;quantifying-in-modality;}  
 } 

@article{ hintikka:1975a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Impossible Worlds Vindicated},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {475--484},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@book{ hintikka:1975b,
  editor = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Rudolf {C}arnap, Logical Empiricist: Materials And
  	Perspectives},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792347803 (hardbound)},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Carl Hempel, "{R}udolf {C}arnap, Logical Empiricist"
	2. Anders Wedberg, "How {C}arnap Built the World in 1928"
	3. Rolf Eberle, "A Construction of Quality Classes Improved
		upon the {A}ufbau"
	4. Rudolf Carnap "Observation Language and Theoretical
		Language"
	5. David Kaplan, "Significance and Analyticity: A Comment Of
		Some Recent Proposals of {C}arnap"
	6. R. W\'ojcicki, "The Factual Content of Empirical Theories"
        7. P. Williams, "On the Conservative Extensions of Semantical
		Systems: A Contribution to the Problem of
		Analyticity"
        8. John Winnie, "Theoretical Analyticity"
        9. Anders Wedberg, "Decision and Belief in Science"
       10. H. Bohnert, "{C}arnap's Logicism"
       11. Jaakko Hintikka, "{C}arnap's Heritage in Logical Semantics"
       12. Barbara Partee, "The Semantics of Belief-Sentences"
       13. Kasher, A., "Pragmatic Representations and
       		Language-Games"
       14. Carnap, R., "Notes on Probability and Induction"
       15. Richard Jeffrey,  "Carnap's Inductive Logic"
       16. Jaakko Hilpinen, "Carnap's New System of Inductive Logic"
       17. T. Kuipers, "A generalization of {C}arnap's Inductive
       		Logic"
       18. W. Essler, "Hintikka versus {C}arnap"
       19. Jaakko Hintikka, "Carnap and {E}ssler versus Inductive
       		Generalization"
       20. Abner Shimony,  "Carnap on Entropy, Introduction to
       		'Two Essays on Entropy{'}, by {R}udolf {C}arnap"
     } ,
  topic = {Carnap;}  
 } 

@article{ hintikka-saarinen:1975a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka and Esa Saarinen},
  title = {Semantical Games and the {B}ach-{P}eters Paradox},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1--19},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;Bach-Peters-sentences;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hintikka:1976a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {A Counterexample to {T}arski-Type Truth-Definitions
  	as Applied to Natural Language},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {107--112},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;truth-definitions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hintikka:1976b,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {A Counterexample to {T}arski-Type Truth
  	Definitions as Applied to Natural Languages},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {107--112},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-quantification;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1977a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Quantifiers in Natural Languages: Some Logical
  	Problems {II}},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {153--172},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka-carlson_l:1977a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka and Lauri Carlson},
  title = {Pronouns of Laziness in Game-Theoretical Semantics},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1/2},
  pages = {1--29},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {anaphora;game-theoretic-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hintikka-carlson:1978a1,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka and Lauri Carlson},
  title = {Conditionals, Generic Quantifiers, and Other Applications
  	of Subgames},
  booktitle = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt},
  pages = {1--36},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;game-theoretic-semantics;conditionals;generics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hintikka-carlson:1978a2,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka and Lauri Carlson},
  title = {Conditionals, Generic Quantifiers, and Other Applications
  	of Subgames},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second
		{J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Avishai Margalit},
  pages = {57--92},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;game-theoretic-semantics;conditionals;generics;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1979a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {`{I}s', Semantical Games, and Semantical Relativity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {433--468},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1980a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {On the {\it Any\/}-Thesis and the Methodology of Linguistics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {101--122},
  contentnote = {This paper deals with an attempt to account
  	for differences between "any" and "every".  It is a
	reply to criticisms in chomsky:1977a.},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;game-theoretic-semantics;free-choice-`any';}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1982a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Is Alethic Modal Logic Possible?},
  journal = {Acta Philosophica {F}ennica},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {89--105},
  topic = {foundations-of-modal-logic;;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1982b,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Temporal Discourse and Semantic Games},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--22},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-tense;game-theoretic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1982c,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Game-Theoretic Semantics: Insights and Prospects},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Commentary: higginbotham:1982b.},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1984a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {A Hundred Years Later: The Rise and Fall of
  	{F}rege's Influence in Language Theory},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--49},
  topic = {Frege;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ hintikka-kulas:1985a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka and Jack Kulas},
  title = {Anaphora and Definite Descriptions: Two Applications Of
  	Game-Theoretical Semantics},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {902772055X},
  topic = {anaphora;definite-descriptions;game-theoretic-semantics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ hintikka:1986a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Reasoning about Knowledge in Philosophy: The Paradigm of
  	Epistemic Logic},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {63--80},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hintikka:1986b,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Logic of Conversation as a Logic of Dialogue},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {259--276},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {dialogue-logic;game-theory;Grice;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hintikka:1987a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Game Theoretical Semantics as a Synthesis of
  	Verificationalist and Truth-Conditional Meaning Theories},
  booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Ernest LePore},
  pages = {235--258},
  address = {London},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1988a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {On the Developmental of the Model-Theoretic
  	Viewpoint as a Logical Theory},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {77},
  number = {1},
  pages = {121--124},
  topic = {model-theory;history-of-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1988b,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Model Minimization---An Alternative to Circumscription},
  journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {1--13},
  topic = {model-minimization;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hintikka:1989a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Exploring Possible Worlds},
  booktitle = {Possible Worlds in Humanities, Arts and Sciences},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Sture All\'en},
  pages = {52--73},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {philosophy-of-possible-worlds;modal-logic;history-of-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hintikka:1994a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Is Alethic Modal Logic Possible?},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {87--105},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {foundations-of-modal-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ hintikka:1996a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Lingua Universalis vs. Calculus Racinator: An Ultimate
  	Presupposition of Twentieth-Century Philosophy},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {truth;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ hintikka:1996b,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Ludwig {W}ittgenstein: Half-Truths and
  	One-And-A-Half-Truths},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792340914 (hardcover)},
  topic = {Wittgenstein;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hintikka-sandu:1996a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka and Gabriel Sandu},
  title = {Game-Theoretical Semantics},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  pages = {361--410},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nl-semantics;game-theoretic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1997a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {No Scope for Scope?},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {5},
  pages = {515--544},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;compositionality;}  
  } 

@book{ hintikka:1997b,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Lingua Universalis Vs. Calculus Ratiocinator: An Ultimate
    Presupposition of Twentieth-Century Philosophy},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792342461 (hc)},
  topic = {metaphilosophy;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ hintikka:1998a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {On {G}\"odel's Philosophical Assumptions},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {Goedel;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1998b,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Truth Definitions, {S}kolem Functions, and Axiomatic
  	Set Theory},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {303--33},
  topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1998c,
  Author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Ramsey Sentences and the Meaning of Quantifiers},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {65},
  number = {2},
  pages = {289--305},
  topic = {Ramsey-elimination;}  
  } 

@book{ hintikka:1998d,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Language, Truth and Logic in Mathematics},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Review: pietarinen:1999a, mares:2001a.},
  ISBN = {0-7923-4766-8},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
 } 

@book{ hintikka:1998e,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Paradigms for Language Theory and Other Essays},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Review: pietarinen:1999b.},
  ISBN = {0792347803 (hardbound)},
  topic = {game-theoretical-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ hintikka:1998f,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Language, Truth, and Logic in Mathematics},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792347668 (hardcover)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ hintikka-halonen:1998a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka and Ilpo Halonen},
  title = {Interpolation as Explanation},
  booktitle = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed
	Papers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {414--423},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {explanation;interpolation-theorems;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:1999a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {The Emperor's New Intuitions},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {3},
  pages = {127--147},
  topic = {Chomsky;philosophical-methodology;intuitions;}  
  } 

@article{ hintikka:2002a,
  author = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Quantum Logic as a Fragment of Independence-Friendly
  	Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {31},
  number = {3},
  pages = {197--209},
  topic = {independence-friendly-logic;quantum-logic;} 
  } 

@article{ hinton_ge:1989a,
  author = {Geoffrey E. Hinton},
  title = {Connectionist Learning Procedures},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {40},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {195--234},
  topic = {machine-learning;connectionism;connectionist-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ hinton_ge:1990a,
  author = {Geoffrey E. Hinton},
  title = {Preface to the Special Issue on Connectionist Symbol
  	Processing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {46},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--4},
  topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;}  
  } 

@article{ hinton_ge:1990b,
  author = {Geoffrey E. Hinton},
  title = {Mapping Part-Whole Hierarchies into Connectionist Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {46},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {47--75},
  topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;}  
  } 

@book{ hinton_pr:1993a,
  author = {Perry R. Hinton},
  title = {The Psychology of Interpersonal Perception},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1993},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0-415-08451-2 (cloth)},
  topic = {social-psychology;interpersonal-reasoning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hinzen:1999a,
  author = {Wolfram Hinzen},
  title = {Contextual Dependence and the Epistemic
	Foundations of Dynamic Semantics},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {186--199},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;dynamic-logic;foundations-of-semantics;
		philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hirasawa-etal:2000a,
  author = {Jun-Ichi Hirasawa and Kohji Dohsaka and Kiyoaki Aikawa},
  title = {{WIT}: A Toolkit for Building Robust and Real-Time Spoken
		Dialogue Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  pages = {150--159},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;spoken-dialogue-systems;nlp-technology;}  
  } 

@article{ hirsch-etal:2000a,
  author = {Robin Hirsch and Ian Hodkinson and ROger D. Maddux},
  title = {Provability with Finitely Many Variables},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {348--379},
  topic = {restricted-logics;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ hirsch_h-kudenko:1997a,
  author = {Haym Hirsch and Daniel Kudenko},
  title = {Representing Sequences in Description Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 1},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {384--389},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;krcourse;}  
  } 

@article{ hirsch_r:1996a,
  author = {Robin Hirsch},
  title = {Relation Algebras of Intervals},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {83},
  number = {2},
  pages = {267--295},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Given a representation of a relation algebra we construct
     relation algebras of pairs and of intervals.  If the
     representation happens to be complete, homogeneous and fully
     universal then the pair and interval algebras can be constructed
     direct from the relation algebra.  If, further, the original
     relation algebra is omega-categorical we show that the
     interval algebra is too.  The complexity of relation algebras is
     studied and it is shown that every pair algebra with infinite
     representations is intractable.  Applications include
     constructing an interval algebra that combines metric and
     interval expressivity.},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;interval-algebras;}  
  } 

@article{ hirsch_r:2000a,
  author = {Robin Hirsch},
  title = {Tractable Approximations for Temporal Constraint
  	Handling},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {116},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {287--295},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;constraint-propagation;
  	approximately-correct-algorithms;tractable-logics;}  
  } 

@book{ hirschberg:1991a,
  author = {Julia Hirschberg},
  title = {A Theory of Scalar Implicature},
  publisher = {Garland Publishing Company},
  year = {1991},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1985.},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ hirschberg:1993a,
  author = {Julia Hirschberg},
  title = {Pitch Accent in Context: Predicting Intonational
  	Prominence from Text},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {305--340},
  topic = {intonation;discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ hirschberg-ward_g:1995a,
  author = {Julia Hirschberg and Gregory Ward},
  title = {The Interpretation of the High-Rise Question Contour
  		in Spoken {E}nglish},
  journal = {The Journal of Pragmatics},
  year = {1995},
  missinginfo = {number, volume, pages},
  topic = {intonation;interrogatives;English-language;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hirschberg-nakatai:1996a,
  author = {Julia Hirschberg and Christine H. Nakatani},
  title = {A Prosodic Analysis of Discourse Segments in
  	Direction-Giving Monologues},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {286--293},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {intonation;discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ hirschberg-etal:1997a,
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  title = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Marilyn Walker and Diane J. Litman and Candace A. Kamm
  		and Alicia Abella, "Evaluating Interactive Dialogue
		Systems: Extending Component Evaluation to Integrated
		System Evaluation", pp. 1--8
	2. Gavin E. Churcher and Eric S. Atwell and Clive
		Souter, "A Generic Template to Evaluate Integrated
		Components in Spoken Dialogue Systems", pp. 9--16
	3. Laila Dybkj{\ae}r and Niels Ole Bernsen and Hans
  		Dybkj{\ae}r, "Generality and Objectivity: Central
		Issues in Putting a Dialogue Evaluation Tool into
		Practical Use", pp. 17--24
	4. Ian M. O'Neill and Michael F. McTear, "An Object-Oriented
		Model for the Design of Cross-Domain Dialogue
		Systems", pp. 25--28
	5. Fr\'ed\'eric B\'echet and Thierry Spriet and Marc
		El-B\`eze, "Automatic Lexicon Enhancement by Means
		of Corpus Tagging", pp. 29--32
	6. Elizabeth Maier and Norbert Reithinger and Jan
		Alexandersson, "Clarification Dialogues as Measure
		to Increase Robustness in a Spoken Dialogue
		System", pp. 33--36
	7. Ronnie W, Smith, "Performance Measures for the Next
		Generation of Spoken Natural Language Dialog
		Systems", pp. 37--40
       10. P. Spyns, and F. Deprez and L. van Tichelen and B.
                van Coile, "A Practical Message-to-Speecj Strategy
		for Dialogue Systems", pp. 41--47
       11. Kees van Deemter, "Context Modeling for Language and
                Speech Generation", pp. 48--52
       12. Eli Hagen and Brigitte Grote, "Planning Efficient Mixed
                Initiative Dialogue", pp. 53--56
       13. Toshihiko Itoh and Akihiro Demda and Satorn Kogure and
                Seiichi Nakagawa, "A Robust Dialogue System with
                Spontaneous Speech Understanding and Cooperative
                Response", pp. 57--60
       14. Paul Martin, "The `Casual Cashmere Diaper Bag': Constraining
                Speech Recognition using Examples", pp. 61--65
       15. Mark-Jan Nederhof and Gosse Bouma and Rob Koeling and
                Gertjan van Noord, "Grammatical Analysis in the {OVIS} 
                Spoken Dialogue System", pp. 66--73
       16. David Roussel and Ariane Halber, "Filtering Errors and
                Repairing Linguistic Anomalies for Spoken Dialogue
                Systems", pp. 74--81
       17. Emiel Krahmer and Jan Landsbergen and Xavier Pouteau, "How to
                Obey the 7 Commandments for Spoken Dialogue", pp. 82--89
       18. Rajeev Agarwal, "Towards a {PURE} System for Information
                Access", pp. 90--97
       19. Matthias Denecke, "A Programmable Multi-Blackboard Architecture
                for Dialogue Processing Systems", pp. 98--105
       20. M.M.M. Rats and R.J. van Vark and J.P.M. de Vreught, "Corpus-Based
                Information Presentation for a Spoken Public Transport
                System", pp. 106--113
       21. Morena Danieli and Elissbetta Gerbino and Loretta M.
                Moisa, "Dialogue Strategies for Improving the Usability
                of Telephone Human-Machine Communication", pp. 114--120
       22. Alan Biermann and Michael S. ZFulkerson and Greg A.
               Keim, "Speech-Graphics Dialogue Systems", pp. 121--126
   } ,
  topic = {computational-dialogue;nlp-evaluation;}  
 } 

@book{ hirsh:1990a,
  author = {Haym Hirsh},
  title = {Incremental Version Space Merging:  A General Framework
  	for Concept Learning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {machine-learning;version-spacesb;}  
 } 

@article{ hirst:1981a,
  author = {Graeme Hirst},
  title = {Discourse-Oriented Anaphora Resolution in Natural Language
  	Understanding: A Review},
  journal = {American Journal of Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {85--98},
  topic = {anaphora;computational-dialogue;} 
  } 

@article{ hirst:1988a,
  author = {Graeme Hirst},
  title = {Semantic Interpretation and Ambiguity},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {34},
  number = {2},
  pages = {131--177},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;ambiguity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hirst:1989a,
  author = {Graeme Hirst},
  title = {Ontological Assumptions in Knowledge Representation},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {157--169},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;computational-ontology;}  
  } 

@book{ hirst_g:1987a,
  author = {Graeme Hirst},
  title = {Semantic Interpretation and the Resolution of Ambiguity},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;ambiguity;}  
 } 

@article{ hirst_g:1991a,
  author = {Graeme Hirst},
  title = {Existence Assumptions in Knowledge Representation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {49},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {199--242},
  topic = {kr;(non)existence;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hirst_g-ryan:1992a,
  author = {Graeme Hirst and Mark Ryan},
  title = {Mixed-Depth Representations for Natural Language Text},
  booktitle = {Text-Based Intelligent Systems},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Paul Jacobs},
  pages = {59--82},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {kr;nl-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ hirst_g:1993a,
  author = {Graeme Hirst},
  title = {Natural Language as its Own Representation},
  year = {1993},
  note = {In preparation.},
  topic = {kr;nl-kr;nl-as-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ hirst_g:1999a,
  author = {Graeme Hirst},
  title = {Review of {\it Euro{W}ord{N}et: A Multilingual
  	Database with Lexical Semantic Networks}, edited by
	{P}iek {V}ossen},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {25},
  number = {4},
  pages = {628--630},
  xref = {Review of vossen:1998a.},
  topic = {wordnet;}  
  } 

@article{ hirst_g:2001a,
  author = {Graeme Hirst},
  title = {Review of {\it Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written
  	{E}nglish}, by {D}ouglas {B}iber and {S}tig {J}ohansson
	and {S}usan {C}onrad and {E}dward {F}innegan},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {132--139},
  xref = {Review of biber-etal:1999a.},
  topic = {descriptive-grammar;Engliah-language;}  
  } 

@article{ hitchcock:1998a,
  author = {Christopher Hitchcock},
  title = {The Common Cause Principle in Historical Linguistics},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {65},
  pages = {425--447},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;philosophy-of-linguistics;
  	historical-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ hitchcock:2001a,
  author = {Christopher Hitchcock},
  title = {The Intransitivity of Causation Revealed by Equations
  	 	and Graphs},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {98},
  number = {6},
  pages = {273--299},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@article{ hitchcock:2001b,
  author = {Christopher Hitchcock},
  title = {Review of {\it Causality: Models, Reasoning, and
  	Inference}, by {J}udea {P}earl},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {4},
  pages = {639--641},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;causality;action;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ hitchcock:2001c,
  author = {Christopher Hitchcock},
  title = {Review of {\it Causality: Models, Reasoning, and
  	Inference}, by {J}udea {P}earl},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {4},
  pages = {639--641},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;causality;action;conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hitzeman:1991a,
  author = {Janet Hitzeman},
  title = {Aspect and Adverbials},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{I}},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner},
  pages = {107--126},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {tense-aspect;adverbs;events;Aktionsarten;event-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hitzeman-etal:1995a,
  author = {Janet Hitzeman and Mare Moens and Claire Grover},
  title = {Algorithms for Analysing the Temporal Structure of
		  Discourse},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th European Meeting of the
		  Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages = {253--260},
  address = {Dublin, Ireland},
  year = {1995},
  topic = {discourse;nl-tense;tense-aspect;narrative-understanding;}  
} 

@article{ hitzeman:1997a,
  author = {Janet Hitzeman},
  title = {Semantic Partition and the Ambiguity of Sentences Containing
  	Temporal Adverbials},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {87--100},
  topic = {ambiguity;nl-semantics;temporal-adverbials;}  
  } 

@book{ hiz:1978a,
  editor = {Henry Hi\.z},
  title = {Questions},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027708134},
  topic = {interrogatives;} 
 } 

@incollection{ hoard:1998a,
  author = {James E. Hoard},
  title = {Language Understanding and the Emerging
		Alignment of Linguistics and Natural Language
		Processing},
  booktitle = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry},
  pages = {197--230},
  address = {London},
  topic = {nlp-and-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ hoare:1985a,
  author = {C.A.R. Hoare},
  title = {Communicating Sequential Processes},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {distributed-systems;parallel-processing;}  
 } 

@article{ hobbs-rosenschein_sj:1977a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Stanley J. Rosenschein},
  title = {Making Computational Sense of {M}ontague's Intensional
  	Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {287--306},
  topic = {intensional-logic;Montague-grammar;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ hobbs:1978a1,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Resolving Pronoun References},
  journal = {Lingua},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {311--338},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republished in grosz-etal:1986a.  See hobbs:1978a2.},
  topic = {anaphora;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hobbs:1978a2,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Resolving Pronoun References},
  booktitle = {Readings in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Barbara J. Grosz and Karen Sparck-Jones and Bonnie L. Webber},
  pages = {339--352},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication of hobbs:1978a1.},
  topic = {anaphora;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@techreport{ hobbs:1978b,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Why is Discourse Coherent?},
  institution = {SRI International},
  number = {Technical Note 176},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ hobbs:1979a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Coherence and Coreference},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {67--90},
  topic = {anaphora;discourse-coherence;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hobbs:1980a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Selective Inferencing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings, Third National Conference of the Canadian
  	Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  pages = {101--114},
  organization = {Canadian Society for Computational Studies of
  	Intelligence},
  missinginfo = {publisher},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hobbs:1982a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Representing Ambiguity},
  booktitle = {Proceedings, First {W}est {C}oast {C}onference on {F}ormal
  	{L}inguistics},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {15--28},
  missinginfo = {publisher, address},
  topic = {ambiguity;}  
  } 

@techreport{ hobbs:1982b,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Implicature and Definite Reference},
  institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information,
  	Stanford University},
  number = {CSLI-88-99},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;reference;definiteness;}  
  } 

@article{ hobbs:1983a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Metaphor Interpretation as Selective Inferencing:
  	Cognitive Processes in Understanding Metaphor},
  journal = {Empirical Studies in the Arts},
  year = {1983},
  note = {Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 17--34 and Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 125--142.},
  topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hobbs:1983b,
  author =  {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {An Improper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary {E}nglish},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {57--63},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  missinginfo = {address, editor},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ hobbs:1984a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {The Logical Notation: Ontological Promiscuity},
  year = {1984},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, SRI International.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {nl-semantic-representation-formalisms;computational-ontology;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hobbs:1985a1,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Granularity},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi},
  pages = {1--4},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republished in weld-dekleer:1990a. See hobbs:1985a2.},
  topic = {granularity;context;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hobbs:1985a2,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Granularity},
  booktitle = {Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel S. Weld and Johan de Kleer},
  pages = {542--545},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Revision of paper in IJCAI95 -- see hobbs:1985a2.},
  topic = {granularity;context;}  
  } 

@techreport{ hobbs:1985b,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {On the Coherence and Structure of Discourse},
  institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information,
  	Stanford University},
  number = {CSLI--85--37},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hobbs:1985c,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Ontological Promiscuity},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {William Mann},
  pages = {61--69},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Morristown, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-semantic-representation-formalisms;computational-ontology;}  
 } 

@article{ hobbs:1986a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Overview of the {TACITUS} Project},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hobbs:1987a,
  author = {Jerry Hobbs},
  title = {World Knowledge and Word Meaning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings, {TINLAP}-3},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Las Cruces, NM},
  contentnote = {Argues that word meaning is inseparable from world
  	knowledge.},
  missinginfo = {editor,pages,organization,publisher},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;nl-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ hobbs:1987b,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {A Reply to {D}rew {M}c{D}ermott},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {149--150},
  xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ hobbs-etal:1987a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs and William Croft and Todd Davies and
  	Douglas Edwards and Kenneth Laws},
  title = {Commonsense Metaphysics and Lexical Semantics},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {241--250},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hobbs-martin:1987a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Paul Martin},
  title = {Local Pragmatics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {John McDermott},
  pages = {520--523},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {pragmatics;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@article{ hobbs:1988a,
  author = {Jerry Hobbs},
  title = {Scaling the {M}atterhorn},
  journal = {The Philadelphia Inquirer},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Sunday, May 15},
  topic = {journalism;}  
  } 

@book{ hobbs-moore:1988a,
  editor = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Robert C. Moore},
  title = {Formal Theories of the Commonsense World},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {kr;common-sense-knowledge;kr-course;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ hobbs:1990a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {The Logical Notation: Ontological Promiscuity},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, SRI International.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {discourse;}  
  } 

@book{ hobbs:1990b,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Literature and Cognition},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {0937073539},
  topic = {discourse;discourse-analysis;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ hobbs-bear:1990a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs and John Bear},
  title = {Two Principles of Parse Preference},
  booktitle = {Thirteenth International Conference on Computational
  	Linguistics, Volume 3},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {H. Karlgren},
  pages = {162--167},
  missinginfo = {organization, publisher,  address},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@techreport{ hobbs-etal:1990a,
  author = {Jerry Hobbs and Mark Stickel and Douglas Appelt
  	and Paul Martin},
  title = {Interpretation as Abduction},
  institution = {AI Center, SRI International},
  address  = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025},
  number = {SRI Technical Note 499},
  year = {1990},
  month = {December},
  xref = {Published in Artificial Intelligence 1993, see
  	hobbs-etal:1993a; contains some material not in the journal
	version, e.g. a section on generation.},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;abduction;pragmatic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hobbs-kameyama:1990a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Megumi Kameyama},
  title = {Translation by Abduction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings, Thirteenth International Conference on
  	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {H. Karlgren},
  pages = {155--161},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {abduction;machine-translation;}  
  } 

@techreport{ hobbs-etal:1991a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs Douglas E. Appelt and John Bear and Mabry
  	Tyson and David Magerman},
  title = {The {TACITUS} System:  The {MUC}-3 Experience},
  institution = {SRI International},
  number = {511},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {nl-processing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hobbs:1992a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Metaphor and Abduction},
  booktitle = {Communication From an Artificial Intelligence
  	Perspective: Theoretical and Applied Issues},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Andrew Ortony and John Slack and Oliviero Stock},
  pages = {35--58},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;metaphor;abduction;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ hobbs-etal:1993a,
  author = {Jerry Hobbs and Mark Stickel and Douglas Appelt
  	and Paul Martin},
  title = {Interpretation as Abduction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  number = {1--2},
  volume = {63},
  pages = {69--142},
  xref = {Tech report: hobbs-etal:1990a},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;abduction;computational-pragmatics;}  
  } 

@software{ hobbs:1994a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Tacitus Lite},
  institution = {SRI International},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  language = {Common LISP},
  year = {1994},
  topic = {abduction;nl-interpretation;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ hobbs:1994b,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Intention, Information, and Structure in Discourse:
  	A First Draft},
  year = {1994},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, SRI International.},
  topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ hobbs:1994c,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Intention, Information, and Structure in Discourse},
  year = {1994},
  note = {Unpublished transparencies, SRI International.},
  topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hobbs-bear:1994a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs and John Bear},
  title = {Two Principles of Parse Preference},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {503--512},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ hobbs-etal:1994a,
  author = {Jerry Hobbs and Douglas Appelt and John Bear and
  	David J. Israel and Mabry Tyson},
  title = {{FASTUS}: Extracting Information from
  	Natural-Language Text},
  year = {1994},
  note = {Available at http://www.ai.sri.com/\user{}appelt/fastus-tutorial.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;abduction;finite-state-nlp;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ hobbs:1995a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {An Approach to the Structure of Discourse},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, SRI International.},
  topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hobbs:1996a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {On the Relation Between the Informational and Intentional
  	Perspectives on Discourse},
  booktitle = {Burning Issues in Discourse: An Interdisciplinary Account},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy and Donia Scott},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ hobbs:1996b,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {The Syntax of {E}nglish in an Abductive Framework},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, SRI International.},
  topic = {abduction;parsing-algorithms;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hobbs:1996c,
  author = {Jerry Hobbs},
  title = {Monotone Decreasing Quantifiers in a Scope-Free
       		Logical Form},
  booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {quantifiers;nl-quantifier-scope;semantic-underspecification;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ hobbs:1996d,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Communicative Goals},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Transparencies for talk, SRI International.},
  topic = {discourse;nl-generation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ hobbs-redeker:1996a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Gisela Redeker},
  title = {A Note on Coherence Relations},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, SRI International.},
  topic = {discourse-relations;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ hobbs-shastri:1996a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Lokendra Shastri},
  title = {A Connectionist Realization of Abductive Interpretation},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, SRI International and ICSI.},
  topic = {abduction;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hobbs-kehler:1997a,
  author = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Andrew Kehler},
  title = {A Theory of Parallelism and the Case of {VP} Ellipsis},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {394--401},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {VP-ellipsis;coordination;discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ hoc-etal:1995a,
  editor = {Jean-Michel Hoc and Pietro C. Cacciabue and Erik Hollnagel},
  title = {Expertise and Technology: Cognition and Human-Computer
  		Cooperation},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0805815112 (acid-free paper)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ hoch-etal:2001a,
  editor = {Stephen J. Hoch and Howard G. Kunreuther and Robert E. Gunther},
  title = {Wharton on Making Decisions},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = {2001},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0471150819 (electronic bk.)},
  topic = {risk-management;}  
 } 

@article{ hochberg:1977a,
  author = {Herbert Hochberg},
  title = {Properties, Abstracts, and the Axiom of Infinity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {193--207},
  topic = {intensional-logic;Carnap;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hochberg:1978a,
  author = {Herbert Hochberg},
  title = {Mapping, Meaning, and Metaphysics},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {326--346},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {metaphysics;philosophical-ontology;nominalism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hochberg:1978b,
  author = {Herbert Hochberg},
  title = {Sellars and {G}oodman on Predicates,
    	Properties, and Truth},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {360--368},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {metaphysics;philosophical-ontology;nominalism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hockey:1994a,
  author = {Susan Hockey},
  title = {The Center for Electronic Texts in the
   		Humanities},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {467--478},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;computers-in-the-humanities;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hockey:1998a,
  author = {Susan Hockey},
  title = {Textual Databases},
  booktitle = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry},
  pages = {101--137},
  address = {London},
  topic = {textual-databases;corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ hodes:1984a,
  author = {Harold Hodes},
  title = {On Modal Logics which Enrich First-Order {S5}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {423--454},
  topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@article{ hodes:1984b,
  author = {Harold T. Hodes},
  title = {Some Theorems on the Expressive Limitations of Modal
  	Languages},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13--26},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ hodes:1984c,
  author = {Harold T. Hodes},
  title = {Axioms for Actuality},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--34},
  topic = {modal-logic;(non)existence;actuality;}  
  } 

@article{ hodes:1987a,
  author = {Harold Hodes},
  title = {Individual-Actualism and Three-Valued Modal Logics,
  	Part 2:  Natural Deduction Theorems},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17--63},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ hodes_h:1986a,
  author = {Harold Hodes},
  title = {Individual-Actualism and Three-Valued Modal Logics, Part
  	1: Model-Theoretic Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {15},
  number = {4},
  pages = {369--401},
  topic = {modal-logic;multi-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ hodes_l:1972a,
  author = {Louis Hodes},
  title = {Solving Problems by Formula Manipulation in Logic and
  	Linear Inequalities},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {165--174},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Using formal logic, many problems from the general area of
     linear inequalities can be expressed in the elementary theory of
     addition on the real numbers (EAR).  We describe a method for
     eliminating quantifiers in EAR which has been programmed and
     demonstrate its usefulness in solving some problems related to
     linear programming.
      In the area of mechanical mathematics this kind of approach has
     been neglected in favor of more generalized methods based on
     Herbrand expansion.  However, in a restricted area, such as
     linear inequalities, the use of these specialized methods can
     increase efficiency by several orders of magnitude over an
     axiomatic Herbrand approach, and make practical problems
     accessible. } ,
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hodges:1983a,
  author = {Wilfrid Hodges},
  title = {Elementary Predicate Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {I}:
  	Elements of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {1--131},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-survey;first-order-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hodges:1988a,
  author = {Andrew Hodges},
  title = {Alan {T}uring and the {T}uring Machine},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {3--15},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {Turing;history-of-theory-of-computation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hodges:1994a,
  author = {Wilfrid Hodges},
  title = {Logical Features of {H}orn Clauses},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and
  	Logic Programming, Volume 1: Deductive
		 Methodologies},
    editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and  J.A. Robinson},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  pages = {449--503},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1994},
  missinginfo = {ed's 1st name},
  topic = {kr;logic-in-AI-survey;Horn-theories;kr-course;}  
} 

@incollection{ hodges:1995a,
  author = {Wilfrid Hodges},
  title = {Belief Revision},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and
  	Logic Programming, Volume {II}},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1995},
  missinginfo = {ed's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
} 

@article{ hodges:1998a,
  author = {Wilfrid Hodges},
  title = {An Editor Recalls Some Hopeless Papers},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--16},
  topic = {diagonal-arguments;Cantor's-theorem;crank-science;}  
  } 

@article{ hodges:2001a,
  author = {Wilfrid Hodges},
  title = {Formal Features of Compositionality},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {7--28},
  topic = {compositionality;}  
  } 

@article{ hodges_m:1968a,
  author = {Michael Hodges},
  title = {On `Being About'\,},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {77},
  number = {305},
  pages = {1--16},  
  topic = {aboutness;} 
  } 

@article{ hodkinson:1994a,
  author = {Ian Hodkinson},
  title = {Finite {H}-dimension Does Not Imply Expressive Completeness},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {5},
  pages = {535--572},
  topic = {temporal-logic;expressive-completeness;}  
  } 

@article{ hodkinson-simon:1997a,
  author = {Ian Hodkinson and Andr\'as Simon},
  title = {The $k$-Variable Property is Stronger than $H$-Dimension
  	$k$},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {81--101},
  topic = {finite-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ hoeksema:1983a,
  author = {Jack Hoeksema},
  year = {1983},
  title = {Negative Polarity and the Comparative},
  journal = {Natural Language and Linguistic Theory},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {403--434},
  topic = {polarity;comparative-constructions;} 
  }

@article{ hoeksema:1984a,
  author = {Jack Hoeksema},
  title = {To be Continued: The Story of the Comparative},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  volume = {3},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {93--107},
  topic = {comparative-constructions;} 
  } 

@article{ hoeksema:1991a,
  author = {Jack Hoeksema},
  title = {Complex Predicates and Liberation in {D}utch and
  	{E}nglish},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {6},
  pages = {661--710},
  topic = {GPSG;categorial-grammar;complex-VPs;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hoeksema:1994a,
  author = {Jack Hoeksema},
  title = {A Semantic Argument for Complex Predicates},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{IV}},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann},
  pages = {145--160},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;polarity;collocations;}  
  } 

@book{ hoeksema:1996a,
  editor = {Jacob Hoeksema},
  title = {Partitives: Studies on the Syntax and Semantics of
  	Partitive and Related Constructions},
  booktitle = {Partitives: Studies on the Syntax and Semantics of
  	Partitive and Related Constructions},
  publisher = {Mouton De Gruyter},
  year = {1996},
  number = {14},
  series = {Groningen-Amsterdam Studies in Semantics},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {partitive-constructions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hoekstra:1992a,
  author = {Teun Hoekstra},
  title = {Aspect and Theta Theory},
  booktitle = {Thematic Structure: Its Role in Grammar},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Iggy M. Roca},
  pages = {145--174},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {thematic-roles;Aktionsarten;tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hoekstra-roberts:1993a,
  author = {Teun Hoekstra and Ian Roberts},
  title = {Middle Constructions in {D}utch and {E}nglish},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {II}, Lexical and Conceptual
  	Structure},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Werner Abraham},
  pages = {183},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {middle-constructions;argument-structure;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hoepelman-rohrer:1980a,
  author = {J. Hoepelman and Christian Rohrer},
  title = {On the Mass-Count Distinction and the French Imparfait and
  	Pass\'e Simple},
  booktitle = {Time, Tense, and Quantifiers},
  publisher = {Max Niemayer Verlag},
  year = {1980},
  pages = {629--645},
  address = {T\"ubingen},
  editor = {Christian Rohrer},
  topic = {nl-semantics;mass-term-semantics;tense-aspect;French-language;} 
  } 

@book{ hoffman:1992a,
  editor = {Robert R. Hoffman},
  title = {The Psychology of Expertise: Cognitive Research and 
  		Empirical {AI}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387976868},
  topic = {expertise;expert-systems;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hoffman_b:1997a,
  author = {Beryl Hoffman},
  title = {Word Order, Information Structure, and Centering in {T}urkish'},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {253--271},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;Turkish-language;
  	centering;}  
  } 

@article{ hoffman_j:2001a,
  author = {J\"org Hoffman},
  title = {{FF}: The Fast-Forward PLanning System},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--62},
  topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;}  
  } 

@book{ hoffman_p:1997a,
  author = {Paul Hoffman},
  title = {The Man Who Loved Only Numbers},
  publisher = {The Mathematical Association of America},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  ISBN = {0-88385-},
  topic = {Erdos;}  
 } 

@article{ hoffman_rc:1968a,
  author = {Robert C. Hoffman},
  title = {Mr. {M}akinson's Paradox},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {77},
  number = {305},
  pages = {122-123},  
  xref = {Discussion of: makinson:1965a.},
  topic = {paradox-of-the-preface;} 
  } 

@book{ hoffman_rr:1992a,
  editor = {Robert R. Hoffman},
  title = {The Psychology of Expertise: Cognitive Research and 
  	Empirical {AI}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387976868},
  topic = {expertise;empirical-methods-in-AI;}  
 } 

@article{ hoffmann_c-hopcroft:1988a,
  author = {Christoph Hoffmann and John Hopcroft},
  title = {The Geometry of Projective Blending Surfaces},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {357--376},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Blending surfaces smoothly join two or more primary surfaces
     that otherwise would intersect in edges.  We outline the
     potential method for deriving blending surfaces, and explain why
     the method needs to be considered in projective parameter space,
     concentrating on the case of blending quadrics.  Let W be the
     quadratic polynomial substituted for the homogenizing variable
     of parameter space.  We show that a blending surface derived in
     projective parameter space is the projective image of a
     different blending surface derived in affine parameter space,
     provided that W = U2 for some linear U.  All blending surfaces
     may therefore be classified on basis of the projective
     classification of W.},
  topic = {geometrical-reasoning;spatial-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ hofstadter:1963a,
  author = {Richard Hofstadter},
  title = {Anti-Intellectualism in {A}merican Life},
  publisher = {Knopf},
  year = {1963},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0674654617 (pbk.)},
  topic = {fundamentalism;anti-intellectualism;American-culture;}  
 } 

@book{ hofstadter:1965a,
  author = {Richard Hofstadter},
  title = {The Paranoid Style in {A}merican Politics, and Other Essays},
  publisher = {Knopf},
  year = {1965},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0674654617 (pbk.)},
  topic = {American-politics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hogan-etal:1998a,
  author = {James M. Hogan and Joachim Diderich and Gerald D. Finn},
  title = {Selective Attention and the Acquisition of
		Spatial Semantics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {235--244},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {attention;semantics-acquisition;spatial-language;
  	automated-language-acquisition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hogenbout-matsumoto:1998a,
  author = {Wide R. Hogenbout and Yuji Matsumoto},
  title = {Robust Parsing Using a Hidden {M}arkov Model},
  booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State
  	Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Lauri Karttunen},
  pages = {37--48},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;parsing-algorithms;probabilistic-parsers;
  	hidden-Markov-models;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hogenbout-matsumoto:1998b,
  author = {Wide R. Hogenbout and Yuji Matsumoto},
  title = {A Preliminary Study of Word Clustering Based on Syntactic
  	Behavior},
  booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {T. Mark Ellison},
  pages = {16--24},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;grammar-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ hogg-williams:1994a,
  author = {Tad Hogg and Colin P. Williams},
  title = {The Hardest Constraint Problems: A Double Phase
  	Transition},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {359--377},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The distribution of hard graph coloring problems as a function
     of graph connectivity is shown to have two distinct transition
     behaviors.  The first, previously recognized, is a peak in the
     median search cost near the connectivity at which half the
     graphs have solutions.  This region contains a high proportion of
     relatively hard problem instances.  However, the hardest
     instances are in fact concentrated at a second, lower,
     transition point.  Near this point, most problems are quite easy,
     but there are also a few very hard cases.  This region of
     exceptionally hard problems corresponds to the transition
     between polynomial and exponential scaling of the average search
     cost, whose location we also estimate theoretically.  These
     behaviors also appear to arise in other constraint problems.
     This work also shows the limitations of simple measures of the
     cost distribution, such as mean or median, for identifying
     outlying cases.  } ,
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;graph-based-reasoning;
  		computational-phase-transitions;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hogg:1995a,
  author = {Tad Hogg},
  title = {Social Dilemmas in Computational Ecosystems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {711--1002},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {distributed-AI;social-choice-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ hogg:1996a,
  author = {Tad Hogg},
  title = {Refining the Phase Transition in Combinatorial Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {81},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {127--154},
  topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;
  	computational-phase-transitions;}  
  } 

@article{ hogg-etal:1996a,
  author = {Tad Hogg and Bernardo A. Huberman and Colin P. Williams},
  title = {Phase Transitions and the Search Problem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {81},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--15},
  contentnote = {Introduction to an issue on this topic.},
  topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;
  	computational-phase-transitions;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ hohm:1988a,
  author = {Larry Hohm},
  title = {Future Contingents and the Trouble with Truth Value Gaps},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Illinois State University},
  topic = {temporal-logic;branching-time;truth-value-gaps;
    future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hoji:1987a,
  author = {H. Hoji},
  title = {Empty Pronominals in {J}apanese and Subject of {NP}},
  booktitle = {{NELS 17}: Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference of the
  	{N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Joyce McDonough and B. Plunkett},
  publisher = {GLSA Publications},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {japanese-language;zero-pronouns;}  
  } 

@article{ holborow:1971a,
  author = {Les Holborow},
  title = {The Commitment Fallacy},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {385--394},
  topic = {speech-acts;}  
  } 

@article{ holdcroft:1968a,
  author = {David Holdcroft},
  title = {Meaning and Illocutionary Acts},
  journal = {Ratio},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {128--143},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ holdcroft:1974a,
  author = {David Holdcroft},
  title = {Performatives and Statements},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {83},
  number = {329},
  pages = {1--18},  
  topic = {speech-acts;} 
  } 

@book{ holdcroft:1978a,
  author = {David Holdcroft},
  title = {Words and Deeds: Problems in the Theory of Speech Acts},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
  		1. Austin
  		2. Meaning and use
  		3. Searle
  		4. Performative Analysis
  		5. Imperatives
  		6. Interrogatives
  		7. Commissives
  		8. A proposal about illocutions
  } ,
  topic = {speech-acts;speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ holdcroft:1979a,
  author = {David Holdcroft},
  title = {Assertive Acts, Context, and Evidence},
  journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {473--488},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;context;}  
  } 

@article{ holdcroft:1979b,
  author = {David Holdcroft},
  title = {Speech Acts and Conversation, Part {I}},
  journal = {Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {125--141},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ holdcroft:1992a,
  author = {David Holdcroft},
  title = {Searle on Conversation and Structure},
  booktitle = {(On) {S}earle on Conversation},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Herman Parret and Jef Verschueren},
  pages = {57--76},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ holdcroft:1994a,
  author = {David Holdcroft},
  title = {Indirect Speech Acts and Propositional Content},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Speech Act Theory: Philosophical
  	and Linguistic Perspectives},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Savas L. Tsohatzidis},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {indirect-speech-acts;}  
  } 

@article{ holdsworth:1977a,
  author = {David G. Holdsworth},
  title = {Category Theory and Quantum Mechanics (Kinematics)},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {441--453},
  topic = {quantum-logic;category-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ holland_jh:1975a,
  author = {John H. Holland},
  title = {Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems},
  publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Ann Arbor, Michigan},
  edition = {1},
  topic = {complex-adaptive-systems;genetic-algorithms;}  
 } 

@book{ holland_jh:1986a,
  author = {John H. Holland},
  title = {Induction: Processes of Inference, Learning, and Discovery},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262081601},
  xref = {Review: shrager:1989a.},
  topic = {induction;scientific-discovery;}  
 } 

@book{ holland_jh:1992a,
  author = {John H. Holland},
  title = {Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  edition = {2},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  xref = {Review: levenick:1998a.},
  topic = {complex-adaptive-systems;genetic-algorithms;}  
 } 

@incollection{ holland_pw-rubin:1983a,
  author = {P.W. Holland and D.B. Rubin},
  title = {On {L}ord's Paradox},
  booktitle = {Principals of Modern Psychological Measurement},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Howard Wainer and Samuel Messick},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {A's,pages},
  contentnote = {Lord's paradox is a variation on Simpson's paradox.},
  note = {This is how the title of the book is spelled.},
  topic = {foundations-of-statistics;}  
  } 

@article{ holland_pw:1986a,
  author = {P.W. Holland},
  title = {Statistics and Causal Inference},
  journal = {Journal of the American Statistics Association},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {81},
  pages = {945--961},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {statistics;statistical-(in)dependence;}  
  } 

@article{ holland_pw:1995a,
  author = {P.W. Holland},
  title = {Some Reflections on {F}riedman's Critiques},
  journal = {Foundations of Science},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {50--57},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {foundations-of-statistics;}  
  } 

@book{ holland_vm-etal:1995a,
  editor = {V. Melissa Holland and Jonathan D. Kaplan and Michelle R. Sams},
  title = {Intelligent Language Tutors},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {intelligent-tutoring;
  	intelligent-computer-assisted-language-instruction;}  
 } 

@article{ hollenberg:1997a,
  author = {Marco Hollenberg},
  title = {An Equational Axiomatization of Dynamic Negation and
  	Relational Composition},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {381--401},
  topic = {modal-logic;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ hollenberg-visser:1999a,
  author = {Marco Hollenberg and Albert Visser},
  title = {Dynamic Negation, the One and Only},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {137--141},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;negation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hollerbach:1990a,
  author = {John M. Hollerbach},
  title = {Fundamentals of Motor Behavior},
  booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science.  Volume
  	2: Visual Cognition and Action},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {153--182},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;motor-skills;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hollerbach:1990b,
  author = {John M. Hollerbach},
  title = {Planning of Arm Movements},
  booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science.  Volume
  	2: Visual Cognition and Action},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {183--211},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;motor-skills;action;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hollunder:1990a,
  author = {Bernhard Hollunder},
  title = {Hybrid Inferences in {\sc kl-one}-Based Knowledge
  	Representation Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of GWAI--90, Fourteenth German Workshop
  	on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {38--47},
  publisher = {Eringerfeld},
  missinginfo = {address},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hollunder-baader:1991a,
  author = {Bernhard Hollunder and Franz Baader},
  title = {Qualifying Number Restrictions in Concept Languages},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {335--346},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hollunder:1993a,
  author = {Franz Baader and Bernhard Hollunder},
  title = {How to Prefer More Specific Defaults in
  	Terminological Default Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {669--674},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;inheritance-theory;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ holt:1994a,
  author = {Debra J. Holt},
  title = {Coherent Belief Revision in Games},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {305--320},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {game-theory;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ holte-etal:1996a,
  author = {R.C. Holte and T. Mkadmi and R.M. Zimmer and A.J.
  	Mac{D}onald},
  title = {Speeding up Problem Solving by Abstraction: A Graph
  	Oriented Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {85},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {321--361},
  topic = {problem-solving;abstraction;graph-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ holtgraves:1998a,
  author = {T. Holtgraves},
  title = {Interpersonal Foundations of Conversational Indirectness},
  booktitle = {Social and Cognitive Approaches to Interpersonal
  	Communication},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {S.R. Fussell and R.J. Kreuz},
  pages = {71--89},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name.},
  topic = {indirect-speech-acts;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ holton:1999a,
  author = {Richard Holton},
  title = {Intention and Weakness of Will},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {5},
  pages = {263--269},
  topic = {intention;akrasia;}  
  } 

@book{ holyoak-thagard:1994a,
  author = {Keith Holyoke and Paul Thagard},
  title = {Mental Leaps: Analogy in Creative Thought},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {analogy;}  
 } 

@book{ holyoak-thagard:1995a,
  author = {Keith J. Holyoak and Paul Thagard},
  title = {Mental Leaps: Analogy In Creative Thought},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262082330},
  topic = {analogy;creativity;}  
 } 

@book{ honderich:1973a,
  editor = {Ted Honderich},
  title = {Essays on Freedom of Action},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1973},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0710073925},
  topic = {freedom;volition;action;}  
 } 

@incollection{ honderich:1993a,
  author = {Ted Honderich},
  title = {The Union Theory and Anti-Individualism},
  booktitle = {Mental Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele},
  pages = {137--159},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;mental-events;}  
  } 

@book{ honderich:1996a,
  editor = {Ted Honderich},
  title = {The {O}xford Companion to Philosophy},
  publisher = {Oxford University Presss},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-handbook/encyclopedia;}  
 } 

@incollection{ honderich:1996b,
  author = {Ted Honderich},
  title = {Consciousness as Existence},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Anthony O'Hear},
  pages = {137--155},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {consciesness;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@book{ honeck:1996a,
  editor = {Richard Honeck},
  title = {Figurative Language and Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {metaphor;psycholinguistics;cognitive-psychology;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ honeycutt:1998a,
  author = {Lee Honeycutt},
  title = {Review of {\it Linguistic Concepts and Methods in {CSCW}},
  	edited by {J}ohn {H}. {C}onnolly and {L}yn {P}emberton},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  contentnote = {"CSCW" = Computer Supported Cooperative Work},
  pages = {324--327},
  topic = {CSCW;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ honkela:1999a,
  author = {Timo Honkela},
  title = {Connectionist Analysis and Creation
			of Context for Natural Language Understanding and
			Knowledge Management},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {479--482},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;nl-interpretation;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@article{ honore:1964a,
  author = {A.M. Honor\'e},
  title = {Can and Can't},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {73},
  pages = {463--479},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {ability;}  
  } 

@book{ hook:1958a,
  editor = {Sidney Hook},
  title = {Determinism and Freedom},
  publisher = {New York University Press},
  year = {1958},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
 } 

@book{ hook:1960a,
  editor = {Sidney Hook},
  title = {Dimensions of Mind: A Symposium},
  publisher = {New York University Press},
  year = {1960},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@book{ hooker-etal:1978a,
  editor = {Clifford Hooker and James J. Leach and Edward McClennen},
  title = {Foundations and Applications of Decision Theory},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027708614},
  topic = {decision-theory;}   
 } 

@book{ hookway:1984a,
  editor = {Christopher Hookway},
  title = {Minds, Machines, and Evolution: Philosophical Studies},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521265479 (hard)},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Christopher Hookway, "Naturalism, Fallibilism, and
		Evolutionary Epistemology"
	2. David Hull, "Historical entities and historical narratives"
    	3. Elliott Sober, "Force and disposition in evolutionary theory"
	4. John Maynard Smith, "The evolution of animal intelligence "
	5. Neil Tennant, "Intentionality, syntactic structure and the
		evolution of language"
	6. Yorick Wilks, "Machines and consciousness"
	7. Daniel Dennett, "Cognitive Wheels"
       10. Margaret Boden, "Animal Perception from an
       		Artificial Intelligence Viewpoint"
   } ,
  xref = {Review: stefik:1985b.},
  topic = {evolution;philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ hookway:1985a,
  author = {Christopher Hookway},
  title = {Peirce},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1985},
  address = {London},
  topic = {Peirce;}  
 } 

@book{ hookway:1988a,
  author = {Christopher Hookway},
  title = {Quine: Language, Experience and Reality},
  publisher = {Stanford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {0804713863 (cloth)},
  topic = {Quine;}  
 } 

@book{ hookway:1990a,
  author = {Christopher Hookway},
  title = {Scepticism},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1990},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415033969},
  topic = {skepticism;}  
 } 

@article{ hookway:1996a,
  author = {Christopher Hookway},
  title = {Questions of Context},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {96},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {1--16},
  topic = {agent-attitudes;context;}  
 } 

@article{ hoos-utzle:1999a,
  author = {Holger H. Hoos and Thomas St\"utzle},
  title = {Towards a Characterisation of the Behaviour of Stochastic
  	Local Search Algorithms For {SAT}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {112},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {213--232},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Stochastic local search (SLS) algorithms have been successfully
     applied to hard combinatorial problems from different domains.
     Due to their inherent randomness, the run-time behaviour of
     these algorithms is characterised by a random variable.  The
     detailed knowledge of the run-time distribution provides
     important information about the behaviour of SLS algorithms.  In
     this paper we investigate the empirical run-time distributions
     for WalkSAT, one of the most powerful SLS algorithms for the
     Propositional Satisfiability Problem (SAT).  Using statistical
     analysis techniques, we show that on hard Random-3-SAT problems,
     WalkSAT's run-time behaviour can be characterised by exponential
     distributions.  This characterisation can be generalised to
     various SLS algorithms for SAT and to encoded problems from
     other domains.  This result also has a number of consequences
     which are of theoretical as well as practical interest.  One of
     these is the fact that these algorithms can be easily
     parallelised such that optimal speedup is achieved for hard
     problem instances.},
  topic = {stochastic-search;model-construction;empirical-methods-in-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ hopcroft-ullman:1979a,
  author = {John E. Hopcroft and Jeffrey D. Ullman},
  title = {Introduction to Automata Theory},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1979},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {automata-theory;finite-state-automata;}  
 } 

@book{ hopcroft-etal:2001a,
  author = {John E. Hopcroft and Rajeev Motwani and Jeffrey D. Ullman},
  title = {Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {2001},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0-201-44124-1},
  topic = {automata-theory;finite-state-automata;computability;
  	context-free-grammars;complexity-theory;theoretical-cs-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ hopkins_m1:1909a,
  author = {Mark Hopkins},
  title = {Evidence of {C}hristianity},
  publisher = {T.R. Marvin and Son},
  year = {1909},
  address = {Boston},
  contentnote = {This is a classic on Baconian method applied to
  	proving Christian religous doctrine.},
  topic = {fundamentalism;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hopkins_m2-clarke:1988a,
  author = {Michael Hopkins and Michael Clarke},
  title = {Nonmonotonic and Counterfactual Reasoning: Some
  	Experiments with a Practical System},
  booktitle = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Barbara Smith and Gerald Kelleher},
  pages = {58--76},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;
  	conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ hopkins_r:1998a,
  author = {Robert Hopkins},
  title = {Review of {\it Fictional Points of View}, by
  	{P}eter {L}amarque},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {1},
  pages = {140--142},
  xref = {Review of lamarque:1996a.},
  topic = {fiction;fictional-characters;philosophy-of-literature;}  
  } 

@book{ hoppenbrouwers-etal:1985a,
  editor = {G.A.J. Hoppenbrouwers and P.A.M. Seuren and A.J.M.M. Weijters},
  title = {Meaning and the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9067650986},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;nl-semantics;} 
 } 

@incollection{ hopper_r:1983a,
  author = {Robert Hopper},
  title = {Interpretation as Coherence Production},
  booktitle = {Conversational Coherence:  Form, Structure and Strategy},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey},
  pages = {81--98},
  address = {London},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;text-understanding;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ horacek:1990a,
  author = {Helmut Horacek},
  title = {Reasoning With Uncertainty In Computer Chess},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {43},
  number = {1},
  pages = {37--56},
  topic = {game-playing;computer-chess;}  
  } 

@book{ horacek-zock:1993a,
  editor = {Helmut Horacek and Michael Zock},
  title = {New Concepts in Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Pinter Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  address = {London},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ horacek:1997a,
  author = {Helmut Horacek},
  title = {An Algorithm for Generating Referential Descriptions
  	with Flexible Interfaces},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {pages   pages = {206--}},
  topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;nl-interfaces;}  
 } 

@article{ horacek:2001a,
  author = {Helmut Horacek},
  title = {Review of {\it Building Natural Language Generation
  	Systems}, by {E}hud {R}eiter},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {298--300},
  xref = {Review of: reiter_e-dale_r:2000a.},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
  } 

@article{ horaud-brady:1988a,
  author = {Radu Horaud and Michael Brady},
  title = {On the Geometric Interpretation of Image Contours},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {333--353},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In this paper we suggest a computational model for the 3D
     interpretation of a 2D view based on contour classification and
     contour interpretation.  We concentrate on those contours arising
     from discontinuities in surface orientation.  We combine a
     generic surface description well suited for visual tasks with a
     model of the image formation process in order to derive image
     contour configurations that are likely to be interpreted in
     terms of surface contours.  Next we describe a computer algorithm
     which attempts to interpret image contours on the following
     grounds.  First, an image analysis process produces a
     description in terms of contours and relationships between them.
     Second, among these contours, we select those which form a
     desired configuration.  Third, the selected contours are combined
     with constraints available with the image formation process in
     order to be interpreted in terms of discontinuities in surface
     orientation.  As a consequence, there is a dramatic reduction in
     the number of possible orientations of the associated scene
     surfaces.},
       topic = {three-D-reconstruction;scene-reconstruction;}  
  } 

@article{ horgan:1981a,
  author = {Terence Horgan},
  title = {Counterfactuals and {N}ewcomb's Problem},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {78},
  number = {6},
  pages = {331--356},
  topic = {conditionals;Newcomb-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ horgan:1985a,
  author = {Terence Horgan},
  title = {Newcomb's Problem: A Stalemate},
  booktitle = {Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation},
  publisher = {The University of British Columbia Press},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {223--234},
  address = {Vancouver},
  topic = {causal-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ horgan:1989a,
  author = {Terence Horgan},
  title = {Mental Quausation},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {47--76},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  comment = {Title is not a misprint.},
  topic = {reasons-for-action;desires;}  
  } 

@article{ horgan:1989b,
  author = {Terence Horgan},
  title = {Attitudinatives},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {133--165},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ horgan:1994a,
  author = {Terence Horgan},
  title = {Robust Vagueness and the Forced-March Sorites Paradox},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {159--188},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@incollection{ horgan:1997a,
  author = {Terence Horgan},
  title = {Kim on Mental Causation and Causal Exclusion},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {165--184},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ horgan:1998a,
  author = {Terence Horgan},
  title = {Actualism, Quantification, and Contextual Semantics},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {503--509},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophical-realism;context;philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@article{ horgan:2000a,
  author = {Terry Horgan},
  title = {The Two-Envelope Paradox, Nonstandard Expected Utility,
  	and The Intensionality of Probability},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {34},
  number = {4},
  pages = {578--603},
  topic = {two-envelope-paradox;foundations-of-probability
  	foundations-of-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ horn:1971a,
  author = {Lawrence R. Horn},
  title = {Negative Transportation: Unsafe at Any Speed},
  booktitle = {Papers from the Seventh Regional Meeting of the
  	{C}hicago Linguistic Society},
  year = {1971},
  pages = {120--133},
  editor = {Douglas Adams and Mary Ann Campbell and Victor Cohen and
  	Julie Lovins and Edward Maxwell and Carolyn Nygren and
	John Reighard},
  organization = {Chicago Linguistic Society},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistic Society},
  address = {Goodspeed Hall, 1050 East 59th Street, Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {negation;generative-semantics;propositional-attitudes;} 
  } 

@incollection{ horn:1996a,
  author = {Lawrence R. Horn},
  title = {Presupposition and Implicature},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {299--319},
  topic = {presupposition;implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ horn_a:1951a,
  author = {Alfred Horn},
  title = {On Sentences Which Are True of Direct Unions of Algebras},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1951},
  volume = {16},
  number = {1},
  pages = {14--21},
  topic = {Horn-theories;}  
  } 

@techreport{ horn_b:1988a,
  author = {Bruce L. Horn},
  title = {An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming, Inheritance,
  	and Method Combination},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University},
  number = {CMU--CS--87--127},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, 15213},
  topic = {object-oriented-systems;inheritance;}  
  } 

@article{ horn_bkp-schunck:1981a,
  author = {Berthold K.P. Horn and Brian G. Schunck},
  title = {Determining Optical Flow},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {185--203},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Optical flow cannot be computed locally, since only one
     independent measurement is available from the image sequence at
     a point, while the flow velocity has two components.  A second
     constraint is needed.  A method for finding the optical flow
     pattern is presented which assumes that the apparent velocity of
     the brightness pattern varies smoothly almost everywhere in the
     image.  An iterative implementation is shown which successfully
     computes the optical flow for a number of synthetic image
     sequences.  The algorithm is robust in that it can handle image
     sequences that are quantized rather coarsely in space and time.
     It is also insensitive to quantization of brightness levels and
     additive noise.  Examples are included where the assumption of
     smoothness is violated at singular points or along lines in the
     image.},
  topic = {computer-vision;optical-flow;}  
  } 

@article{ horn_bkp-schunck:1993a,
  author = {Berthold K.P. Horn and B.G. Schunck},
  title = {`{D}etermining Optical Flow': A Retrospective},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {81--87},
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ horn_l:1969a,
  author = {Laurence R. Horn},
  title = {A Presuppositional Analysis of `Only' and `Even'},
  booktitle = {Proceedings From the Fifth Regional Meeting of the
  	Chicago Linguistic Society},
  year = {1969},
  pages = {125--142},
  organization = {Chicago Linguistic Society},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistic Society},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  topic = {`only';`even';presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ horn_l:1972a,
  author = {Laurence R. Horn},
  title = {Greek {G}rice},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth Regional Meeting of the
  	Chicago Linguistics Society},
  year = {1972},
  pages = {205--214},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society},
  address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ horn_l:1972b1,
  author = {Laurence R. Horn},
  title = {On the Semantic Properties of the Logical Operators in
  	{E}nglish},
  school = {University of California at Los Angeles},
  year = {1972},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Los Angeles, California},
  xref = {Republished by IULC. See horn_l:1972b2.},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;nl-and-logic;negation;}  
 } 

@book{ horn_l:1972b2,
  author = {Laurence R. Horn},
  title = {On the Semantic Properties of the Logical Operators in
  	{E}nglish},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1972},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  xref = {Republished PhD theses. See horn_l:1972b1.},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;nl-and-logic;negation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ horn_l:1979a,
  author = {Laurence R. Horn},
  title = {Some Aspects of Negation},
  booktitle = {Universals of Human Language, Volume 4: Syntax},
  publisher = {Stanford University Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Joseph H. Greenburg},
  pages = {127--210},
  topic = {negation;presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ horn_l:1981a,
  author = {Laurence R. Horn},
  title = {A Pragmatic Approach to Certain Ambiguities},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {321--358},
  topic = {ambiguity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ horn_l:1984a,
   author = {Laurence R. Horn},
   title = {Toward a New Taxonomy for Pragmatic Inference: Q-Based
   	and R-Based Implicature},
   booktitle = {Meaning, Form, and Use in Context: Linguistic Applications},
   publisher = {Georgetown University Press},
   year = {1984},
   editor = {Deborah Schiffrin},
   pages = {11--42},
   address = {Washington, {DC}},
   topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ horn_l-bayer:1984a,
  author = {Laurence R. Horn and Samuel Bayer},
  title = {Short-Circuited Implicature: A Negative Contribution},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {397--414},
  topic = {implicature;negation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ horn_l:1985a,
  author = {Laurence R. Horn},
  title = {Metalinguistic Negation and Pragmatic Ambiguity},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {61},
  number = {1},
  pages = {121--174},
  topic = {negation;ambiguity;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ horn_l:1989a,
  author = {Lawrence R. Horn},
  title = {A Natural History of Negation},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {negation;presupposition;pragmatics;nl-and-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ horn_l:1992a,
  author = {Laurence R. Horn},
  title = {Pragmatics, Implicature, and Presupposition},
  booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of Linguistics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {William Bright},
  pages = {260--266},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {presupposition;implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ horne:2000a,
  editor = {Merle Horne},
  title = {Prosody, Theory and Experiment:  Studies Presented
  	to {G}\"osta {B}ruce},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792365798},
  xref = {Review: shih-sproat:2001a.},
  topic = {prosody;}  
 } 

@article{ hornsby:1979a,
  author = {Jennifer Hornsby},
  title = {Actions and Identities},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {195--201},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {action;}  
  } 

@book{ hornsby:1980a,
  author = {Jennifer Hornsby},
  title = {Actions},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1980},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Review: watson_g1:1982a.},
  topic = {action;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hornsby:1986a,
  author = {Jennifer Hornsby},
  title = {Bodily Movements, Actions, and Intentionality},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {275--286},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {intentionality;action;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hornsby:1989a,
  author = {Jennifer Hornsby},
  title = {Semantic Innocence and Psychological Understanding},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {549--574},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;nl-semantics-and-cognition;
  		philosophy-of-language;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hornsby:1993a,
  author = {Jennifer Hornsby},
  title = {Agency and Causal Explanation},
  booktitle = {Mental Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele},
  pages = {161--188},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {agency;causality;}  
  } 

@book{ hornstein-lightfoot:1981a,
  editor = {Norbert Hornstein and David Lightfoot},
  title = {Explanation in Linguistics:  The Logical Problem of
  	Language Acquisition},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1981},
  address = {london},
  topic = {L1-acquisition;learning-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ hornstein:1984a,
  author = {Norbert Hornstein},
  title = {Logic as Grammar},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;quantifiers;belief;
  	definite-sescriptions;}  
 } 

@article{ hornstein:1984b,
  author = {Norbert Hornstein},
  title = {Interpreting Quantification in Natural Language},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {59},
  number = {2},
  pages = {117--150},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;nl-quantifier-scope;
  	foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ hornstein:1988a,
  author = {Norbert Hornstein},
  title = {The Heartbreak of Semantics},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {9--27},
  xref = {Discussion of schiffer:1987a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ hornstein:1990a,
  author = {Norbert Hornstein},
  title = {As Time Goes By: Tense and Universal Grammar},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;universal-grammar;}  
 } 

@book{ hornstein:1994a,
  author = {Norbert Hornstein},
  title = {{LF}: The Grammar of Logical Form from {GB} to Minimalism},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nl-semantics;LF;minimalist-syntax;}  
 } 

@article{ hornstein:1995a,
  author = {Norbert Hornstein},
  title = {Putting Truth Into Universal Grammar},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {381--400},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ hornstein:1999a,
  author = {Norbert Hornstein},
  title = {Movement and Control},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {30},
  number = {1},
  pages = {69--96},
  topic = {syntactic-control;minimalist-syntax;}  
  } 

@book{ horrocks_gc:1987a,
  author = {Geoffrey C. Horrocks},
  title = {Generative Grammar},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1987},
  address = {London},
  topic = {nl-syntax;GB-syntax;}  
 } 

@incollection{ horrocks_ir:1998a,
  author = {Ian R. Horrocks},
  title = {Using an Expressive Description Logic: {FaCT} or
		Fiction?},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {636--645},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ horrocks_ir-patelschneider:1998a,
  author = {Ian R. Horrocks and Peter F. Patel-Schneider},
  title = {Optimising Propositional Modal Satisfiability for Description
		Logic Subsumption},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {234--246},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {modal-logic;taxonomic-logics;subsumption;}  
  } 

@book{ horst:1996a,
  author = {Steven W. Horst},
  title = {Symbols, Computation, and Intentionality: A
  	Critique of the Computational Theory of Mind},
  publisher = {University of California Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berkeley, California},
  xref = {Review: wilson_r:1998a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;intentionality;
  	foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ horsten:1996a,
  author = {Leon Horsten},
  title = {Reflecting in Epistemic Arithmetic},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {61},
  number = {3},
  pages = {788--801},
  topic = {epistemic-arithmetic;provability-logic;semantic-reflection;}  
  } 

@article{ horsten:1997a,
  author = {Leon Horsten},
  title = {Provability in Principle and Controversial
  	Constructivistic Principles},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {6},
  pages = {635--660},
  topic = {Church's-thesis;epistemic-logic;epistemic-arithmetic;
  	constructive-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ horswill:1995a,
  author = {Ian Horswill},
  title = {Analysis of Adaptation and Environment},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {73},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--30},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Designers often improve the performance of artificial agents by
     specializing them.  We can make a rough, but useful distinction
     between specialization to a task and specialization to an
     environment.  Specialization to an environment can be difficult
     to understand: it may be unclear on what properties of the
     environment the agent depends, or in what manner it depends on
     each individual property.  In this paper, I discuss a method for
     analyzing specialization into a series of conditional
     optimizations: formal transformations which, given some
     constraint on the environment, map mechanisms to more efficient
     mechanisms with equivalent behavior.  I apply the technique to
     the analysis of the vision and control systems of a working
     robot system in day to day use in our laboratory.  The method is
     not intended as a general theory for automated synthesis of
     arbitrary specialized agents.  Nonetheless, it can be used to
     perform post-hoc analysis of agents so as to make explicit the
     environment properties required by the agent and the
     computational value of each property.  This post-hoc analysis
     helps explain performance in normal environments and predict
     performance in novel environments.  In addition, the
     transformations brought out in the analysis of one system can be
     reused in the synthesis of future systems.  } ,
  topic = {adapting-to-environments;robotics;}  
  } 

@article{ horton-keysar:1996a,
  author = {W.S. Horton and B. Keysar},
  title = {When Do Speakers Take into Account Common Ground?},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {59},
  pages = {91--117},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {conversational-record;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ horton-spenser:1997a,
  author = {J.D. Horton and Bruce Spenser},
  title = {Clause Trees: A Tool for Understanding and Implementing
  	Resolution in Automated Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {92},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {25--89},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;krcourse;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ horty-etal:1987a,
  author = {John F. Horty and Richmond Thomason and David Touretzky},
  title = {A Skeptical Theory of Inheritance in Nonmonotonic Semantic
  	Nets},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Kenneth Forbus and Howard Shrobe},
  pages = {358--363},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ horty-thomason_rh:1987a,
  author = {John F. Horty and Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Logics for Nonmonotonic Inheritance},
  booktitle = {Second International Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Michael Reinfrank and Johan de Kleer and Eric Sandewall},
  pages = {220--237},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ horty-thomason_rh:1988a,
  author = {John F. Horty and Richmond Thomason},
  title = {Mixing Strict and Defeasible Inheritance},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell},
  pages = {427--432},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ horty:1990a,
  author = {John Horty},
  title = {A Credulous Theory of Mixed Inheritance},
  booktitle = {Inheritance Hierarchies in Knowledge Representation and
                 Programming Languages},
  editor = {Maurizio Lenzerini and Daniele Nardi and Maria Simi},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
    } 

@unpublished{ horty:1990b,
  author = {John Horty},
  title = {Defeasible Arguments: A Logical Extension of
             Path-based Inheritance Reasoning},
  year = {1992},
  note = {Manuscript, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies,
            University of Maryland},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
    } 

@article{ horty-etal:1990a,
  author = {John F. Horty and Richmond Thomason and David Touretzky},
  title = {A Skeptical Theory of Inheritance in Nonmonotonic Semantic
        Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {42},
  number = {3},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {311--349},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ horty-thomason_rh:1990a,
  author = {John F. Horty and Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Boolean Extensions of Inheritance Networks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {633--639},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ horty-thomason_rh:1991a,
  author = {John F. Horty and Richmond Thomason},
  title = {Conditionals and Artificial Intelligence},
  journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {301--324},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
 } 

@article{ horty:1993a,
  author = {John F. Horty},
  title = {Deontic Logic as Founded on Nonmonotonic Logic},
  journal = {Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {9},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {69--91},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;deontic-logic;}  
    } 

@inproceedings{ horty:1993b,
  author = {John F. Horty},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Techniques in the Formalization of Commonsense
  	Normative Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Symposium on
  	Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz and John McCarthy and Leora
  	Morgenstern and Yoav Shoham},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;common-sense-reasoning;deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ horty:1994a,
  author = {John F. Horty},
  title = {Some Direct Theories of Nonmonotonic Inheritance},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence
   	         and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic
		 Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson},
  pages = {111--187},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ horty:1994b,
  author = {John Horty},
  title = {Agency and Obligation},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  volume = {108},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {269--307},
  topic = {agency;obligation;deontic-logic;}  
    } 

@article{ horty:1994c,
  author = {John F. Horty},
  title = {Moral Dilemmas and Nonmonotonic Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {35--65},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ horty:1994d,
  author = {John F. Horty},
  title = {Utilitarianism in an Indeterministic Setting},
  year = {1994},
  note = {Manuscript, Philosophy Department
   	    and Institute for Advanced Computer Studies,
           University of Maryland.},
  topic = {decision-theory;qualitative-utility;}  
  } 

@incollection{ horty:1995a,
  author = {John F. Horty},
  title = {Deontic Logic and Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Essays in Defeasible Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Donald Nute},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ horty:1995b,
  author = {John F. Horty},
  title = {Intentions as Filters},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Michael Fehling},
  pages = {82--88},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {intention;practical-reasoning;foundations-of-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ horty-belnap:1995a,
  author = {John F. Horty and Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}},
  title = {The Deliberative {\sc stit}: A Study of Action, Omission,
  	and Obligation},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {6},
  pages = {583--644},
  topic = {ability;agency;action;deontic-logic;stit;}  
 } 

@article{ horty:1996a,
  author = {John F. Horty},
  title = {Agency and Obligation},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {108},
  pages = {269--307},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {agency;stit;deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ horty:1997a,
  author = {John Horty},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Foundations for Deontic Logic},
  booktitle = {Defeasible Deontic Logic},
  editor = {Donald Nute},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {17--44},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;deontic-logic;}  
    } 

@unpublished{ horty:1997b,
  author = {John F. Horty},
  title = {Agency and Deontic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Maryland.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;stit;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ horty:1998a,
  author = {John F. Horty},
  title = {Precedent, Deontic Logic, and Inheritance},
  year = {1998},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Maryland},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;inheritance-theory;legal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ horty-pollack_me:1998a,
  author = {John F. Horty and Martha Pollack},
  title = {Evaluating Options in a Context},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {249--262},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {plan-evaluation;plan-maintenance;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ horty:2000a,
  author = {John F. Horty},
  title = {Argument Construction and Reinstatement in Logics
  	for Defeasible Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Maryland.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ horty:2001a,
  author = {John F. Horty},
  title = {Agency and Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0195134613},
  topic = {deontic-logic;practical-reasoning;
  	ability;atit;foundations-of-decision-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ horty-pollack:2001a,
  author = {John F. Horty and Martha E. Pollack},
  title = {Evaluating New Options in the Context of Existing Plans},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {127},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--220},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;plan-maintenance;limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@article{ horty:2002a,
  author = {John F. Horty},
  title = {Skepticism and Floating Conclusions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {135},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {55--72},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;inheritance-theory;argumentation;
  	skepticisml;} 
  } 

@article{ horvath-turan:2001a,
  author = {Tam\'as Horv\'ath and Gy\"orgy Tur\'an},
  title = {Learning Logic Programs with Structured Background Knowledge},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {128},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {31--97},
  topic = {rule-learning;}  
  } 

@techreport{ horvitz:1986a,
  author = {Eric J. Horvitz},
  title = {Toward a Science of Expert Systems},
  institution = {Medical Computer Science Group, Stanford University},
  number = {KSL--86--75},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {expert-systems;}  
  } 

@techreport{ horvitz:1987a,
  author = {Eric J. Horvitz},
  title = {A Multivariate Utility Approach to Inference
		Understandability and Explanation},
  institution = {Medical Computer Science Group, Stanford University},
  number = {KSL--87--28},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {multiattribute-utility;decision-theoretic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@techreport{ horvitz:1987b1,
  author = {Eric J. Horvitz},
  title = {Reasoning about Beliefs and Actions Under Computational
	Resource Constraints},
  institution = {Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University},
  number = {KSL--87--29},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {resource-limited-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ horvitz:1987b2,
  author = {Eric J. Horvitz},
  title = {Reasoning about Beliefs and Actions Under Computational
	Resource Constraints},
  booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence~5},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {301--324},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.},
  address = {North Holland},
  editor = {M. Henrion and R.D. Shachter and L.N. Kanal and J.F. Lemmer},
  topic = {resource-limited-reasoning;}  
} 

@techreport{ horvitz-etal:1988a,
  author = {Eric J. Horvitz},
  title = {Reasoning under Varying and Uncertain Resource
  	Constraints},
  institution = {Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University},
  number = {KSL--88--35},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {resource-limited-reasoning;}  
  } 

@techreport{ horvitz-etal:1988b,
  author = {Eric J. Horvitz and Gregory F. Cooper and David E.
  	Heckerman},
  title = {Reflection and Action under Scarce Resources:  Theoretical
  	Principles and Empirical Study},
  institution = {Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University},
  number = {KSL--89--1},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {resource-limited-reasoning;}  
  } 

@techreport{ horvitz-etal:1989a,
  author = {Eric J. Horvitz and David E. Heckerman and Keung C. Ng
  	and Bharat N. Nathwani},
  title = {Heuristic Abstraction in the Decision-Theoretic
  	Pathfinder System},
  institution = {Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University},
  number = {KSL--89--24},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {diagnosis;decision-theoretic-reasoning;abstraction;}  
  } 

@book{ horvitz:1996a,
  editor = {Eric J. Horvitz},
  title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of the
  Twelfth Conference (1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
 } 

@article{ horvitz:2001a,
  author = {Eric J. Horvitz},
  title = {Principles and Applications of Continual Computation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {126},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {159--196},
  topic = {bounded-rationality;metareasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ horvitz-zilberstein:2001a,
  author = {Eric J. Horvitz and Shlomo Zilberstein},
  title = {Computational Resources under Bounded Resources (Editorial)},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {126},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--4},
  topic = {resource-bounded-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ horwich:1990a,
  author = {Paul Horwich},
  title = {Truth},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {truth;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@article{ horwich:1997a,
  author = {Paul Horwich},
  title = {Implicit Definition, Analytic Truth, and Apriori Knowledge},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {31},
  number = {4},
  pages = {423--440},
  topic = {definition;analyticity;a-priori;}  
  } 

@article{ horwich:1997b,
  author = {Paul Horwich},
  title = {The Composition of Meanings},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {106},
  number = {4},
  pages = {503--532},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;compositionality;}  
  } 

@book{ horwich:1998a,
  author = {Paul Horwich},
  title = {Meaning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198237286 (pbk)},
  xref = {Review: sidner_t:2001a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ horwich:2000a,
  author = {Paul Horwich},
  title = {Steven {S}chiffer's Theory of Vagueness},
  booktitle = {Skepticism},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Ernest Sosa and Enrique Villanueva},
  pages = {271--281},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ horwitz-zilberstein:2001a,
  author = {Eric J. Horwitz and Shlomo Zilberstein},
  title = {Computational Tradeoffs under Bounded Resources (Editorial)},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {126},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--4},
  topic = {resource-limited-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ hossain-ray:1997a,
  author = {Abul Hossain and Kumar S. Ray},
  title = {An Extension of {QSIM} with Qualitative Curvature},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {96},
  number = {2},
  pages = {303--350},
  topic = {qualitative-simulation;}  
  } 

@article{ hou:1994a,
  author = {Aimin Hou},
  title = {A Theory of Measurement in Diagnosis from First
  	Principles},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {65},
  number = {2},
  pages = {281--328},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Reiter and de Kleer have independently developed a theory of
     diagnosis from first principles.  Reiter's approach to computing
     all diagnoses for a given faulty system is based upon the
     computation of all minimal hitting sets for the collection of
     conflict sets for (SD,COMPONENTS,OBS).  Unfortunately, his theory
     does not include a theory of measurement.  De Kleer and Williams
     have developed GDE-general diagnostic engine.  Their procedure
     computes all minimal conflict sets resulting from a measurement
     before discriminating the candidate space.  However, they do not
     provide a formal justification for their theory.
      We propose a general theory of measurement in diagnosis and
     provide a formal justification for our theory.  Several novel
     contributions make up the central focus of this paper.  First,
     this work provides an efficient incremental method for computing
     new diagnoses given a new measurement, based on the previous
     diagnoses predicting the opposite.  Second, this work defines
     the concepts of conflict set resulting from a measurement,
     equivalence classes and homogeneous diagnoses as the basis of
     the method.  Finally, this work leads to a procedure for
     computing all diagnoses and discriminating among competing
     diagnoses resulting from a measurement.},
  topic = {diagnosis;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ houghton:1986a,
  author = {George Houghton},
  title = {The Production of Language in Dialogue: A
  		Computational Model},
  year = {1986},
  school = {University of Sussex},
  topic = {discourse;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@article{ householder:1973a,
  author = {F.W. Householder},
  title = {On Arguments from Asterisks},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {365--376},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {linguistics-methodology;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ hovav-levin:1996a,
  author = {Malka {Rappaport Hovav} and Beth C. Levin},
  title = {Building Verb meanings},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Bar Ilan University and
  	Northwestern University.},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hovy:1988a,
  author = {Eduard H. Hovy},
  title = {Two Types of Planning in Language Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {179--186},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {discourse-planning;nl-generation;pragmatics;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ hovy:1988b,
  author = {Eduard H. Hovy},
  title = {Planning Coherent Multisentential Text},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Robert C. Berwick},
  pages = {163--169},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {discourse-generation;coherence;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ hovy:1990a,
  author = {Eduard H. Hovy},
  title = {Pragmatics and Natural Language Generation.},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {43},
  number = {2},
  pages = {153--198},
  topic = {discourse-planning;nl-generation;
  	discourse;pragmatics;}  
} 

@incollection{ hovy:1990b,
  author = {Eduard H. Hovy},
  title = {Unresolved Issues in Paragraph Planning},
  booktitle = {Current Research in Natural Language Generation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Robert Dale and Chris Mellish and Michael Zock},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  topic = {discourse-planning;nl-generation;pragmatics;}  
} 

@incollection{ hovy:1991a,
  author = {Eduard H. Hovy},
  title = {Approaches to the Planning of Coherent Text},
  booktitle = {Natural Language Generation in Artificial Intelligence
  	and Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Cecile L. Paris and William R. Swartout and William C. Mann},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston},
  pages = {83--102},
  topic = {discourse-planning;nl-generation;discourse-coherence;
  	pragmatics;}  
} 

@incollection{ hovy-etal:1992a,
  author = {Eduard Hovy and Richard Kittredge and Christian M.
  	Matthiessen and Sergei Nirenburg and Dieter Roesner},
  title = {Panel Statements on: Multilinguality and Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
  	Natural Language Generation, Trento, Italy},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert Dale and Eduard Hovy and Dieter Roesner and
  	Oliviero Stock},
  pages = {277--292},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  topic = {nl-generation;machine-translation;}  
} 

@article{ hovy:1993a,
  author = {Eduard H. Hovy},
  title = {Automated Discourse Generation Using Discourse Structure
  	Relations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {341--385},
  topic = {discourse-structure;nl-generation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ hovy-scott_d:1996a,
  editor = {Eduard H. Hovy and Donia R. Scott},
  title = {Computational and Conversational
  	Discourse: Burning Issues---An Introductory Account},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1.  Emanual A. Schlegoff, "Issues of Relevance for
		Discourse Analysis: Contingency in Action,
		Interaction, and Participant Context"
	2.  James R. Martin, "Types of Structure: Deconstructing
		Notions of Constituency in Clause and Text"
	3.  Tsuyoshi Ono and Sandra A. Thompson, "Interaction and
		Syntax in the Structure of Conversational Discourse:
		Collaboration, Overlap, and Syntactic Dissassociation"
	4.  Eva Hajicov\'a, "The Information Structure of the Sentence
		and the Coherence of Discourse"
	5.  Kathleen Dahlgren, "Discourse Coherence and Segmentation"
	6.  Jerry R. Hobbs, "On the Relation between the Informational
		and Intentional Perspectives on Discourse"
	7.  Rebbecca J. Passonneau and Diane J. Litman, "Empirical
		Analysis of Three Dimensions of Spoken Discourse:
		Segmentation, Coherence, and Linguistic Devices"
  	},
  ISBN = {3-540-60948-2},
  xref = {Review: kehler:1998a},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ hovy:1998a,
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  title = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1.  James C. Lester and William H. Bares and Charles
		B. Callaway and Stuart G. Towns, "Natural
		Language Generation Journeys to Interactive
		{3D} Worlds"
	2.  John Bateman and Thomas Kamps and J\"org Kleinz and
		Klaus Reichenberger, "Communicative Goal-Driven
		{NL} Generation and Data-Driven Graphics Generation:
		An Architectural Synthesis for Multimedia Page
		Generation"
        3.  Nancy L. Green and Giuseppe Carenini and Johanna Moore,
		"A Principled Representation of Attributive
		Descriptions for Generating Integrated Text and
		Information Graphics Presentations"
        4.  Chris Mellish and Mick O'Donnell and Jon Oberlander
		and Alistair Knott, "An Architecture for
		Opportunistic Text Generation"
        5.  David McDonald, "Controlled Realization of Complex
		Objects by Reversing the Output of a Parser"
        6.  Stephen Beale and Sergei Nirenburg and Evelyne Viegas
		and Leo Wanner, "De-Constraining Text Generation"
        7.  Lidia Fraczak and Guy Lapalme and Michael Zock,
                "Automatic Generation of Subway Direction:
		Salience Gradation as a Factor for Determining
		Message and Form"
        8.  Edwin Marsi, "Introducing Maximal Variation in Text
		Planning for Small Domains"
        9.  Regina Barzilay and Daryl McCullough and Owen Rambow
		and Jonathan DeChristofaro, "A New Approach to
		Expert System Explanations"
        10.  Armin Fiedler, "Macroplanning with a Cognitive
		Architecture for the Adaptive Explanation
		of Proofs"
        11.  Chris Mellish and Alisdair Knott and Jon Oberlander and
		Mick O'Donnell, "Experiments Using Stochastic Search
		for Text Planning"
        12.  Ralf Klabunde and Martin Jansche, "Abductive Reasoning
		for Syntactic Realization"
        13.  Daniel Ansari and Graeme Hirst, "Generating Warning
		Instructions by Planning Accidents and Injuries"
        14.  Brigitte Grote and Manfred Stede, "Discourse Marker
		Choice in Sentence Planning"
        15.  James Shaw, "Clause Aggregation Using Linguistics
		Knowledge"
        16.  Ingrid Zukerman and Richard McConachy and Kevin Korb,
                "Attention during Argument Generation and Presentation"
        17.  Kristina Jokinen and Hideki Tanaka and Akio Yokoo, "Planning
		Dialogue Contributions with New Information"
        18.  Yael Dahan Netzer and Michael Elhadad, "Generation of
		Noun Compounds in {H}ebrew: Can Syntactic Knowledge
		be Fully Encapsulated?"
        19.  Matthew Stone and Bonnie Webber, "Textual Economy
		through Close Coupling of Syntax and Semantics"
        20.  Murai Temizsoy and Hyas Ciceki, "A Language-Independent
		System for Generating Feature Structures from
		Interlingua Representations"
        21.  Jan Alexandersson and Peter Poller, "Toward Multilingual
		Protocol Generation for Spontaneous Speech Dialogues"
        22.  Tilman Becker, "Fully Lexicalized Head-Driven Syntactic
		Generation"
        23.  Graham Wilcock, "Approaches to Syntactic realization
		with {HPSG}"
        24.  Christian Matthiessen and Licheng Zeng and Marilyn Cross
		and Ichiro Kobayashi and Kazuhiro Teruya and Canzhong
		Wu, "The {M}ultex Generator Environment: Application
		and Development"
        25.  Stephen Busemann and Helmut Horacek, "A Flexible Shallow
		Approach to Text Generation"
        26.  Irene Langkilde and Kevin Knight, "The Practical Value
		of N-Grams in Derivation"
        27.  Donia Scott and Richard Power and Roger Evans,
		"Generation as a Solution to Its Own Problem"
        28.  Michael White and Ted Caldwell, "{EXEMPLARS}: A
		Practical, Extensible Framework for Dynamic Text
		Generation"
  	},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
 } 

@book{ howard_da:1998a,
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  title = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed
	Papers},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@book{ howard_da:2000a,
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  title = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@book{ howard_n:1971a,
  author = {Nigel Howard},
  title = {The Paradoxes of Rationality: Theory of Metagames and
  	Political Behavior},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  contentnote = {One avowed aim of the book (p.2) is "to reconstruct
  	game theory on a nonquantitative basis"},
  topic = {rationality;game-theory;qualitative-utility;}  
 } 

@article{ howarth:1998a,
  author = {Richard J. Howarth},
  title = {Interpreting a Dynamic and Uncertain World: Task-Based
  	Control},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {100},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {5--85},
  topic = {attention;computer-vision;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ howe:1992a,
  author = {Adele E. Howe},
  title = {Failure Recovery Analysis as a Tool for Plan Debugging},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Computational Considerations in Supporting Incremental
	Modification and Reuse},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {25--30},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {planning;plan-reuse;}  
  } 

@article{ howe-cohen_pr:1995a,
  author = {Adele E. Howe and Paul R. Cohen},
  title = {Understanding Planner Behavior},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {125--166},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     As planners and their environments become increasingly complex,
     planner behavior becomes increasingly difficult to understand.
     We often do not understand what causes them to fail, so that we
     can debug their failures, and we may not understand what allows
     them to succeed, so that we can design the next generation.  This
     paper describes a partially automated methodology for
     understanding planner behavior over long periods of time.  The
     methodology, called Dependency Interpretation, uses statistical
     dependency detection to identify interesting patterns of
     behavior in execution traces and interprets the patterns using a
     weak model of the planner's interaction with its environment to
     explain how the patterns might be caused by the planner.
     Dependency Interpretation has been applied to identify possible
     causes of plan failures in the Phoenix planner.  By analyzing
     four sets of execution traces gathered from about 400 runs of
     the Phoenix planner, we showed that the statistical dependencies
     describe patterns of behavior that are sensitive to the version
     of the planner and to increasing temporal separation between
     events, and that dependency detection degrades predictably as
     the number of available execution traces decreases and as noise
     is introduced in the execution traces.  Dependency
     Interpretation is appropriate when a complete and correct model
     of the planner and environment is not available, but execution
     traces are available.  } ,
  topic = {planning;experimental-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ howson-urbach:1993a,
  author = {Colin Howson and Peter Urbach},
  title = {Scientific Reasoning: The {B}ayesian Approach},
  publisher = {Open Court},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0812692349},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;Bayesian-reasoning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ howson:1998a,
  author = {Colin Howson},
  title = {The {B}ayesian Approach},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 1:  Quantified Representation
		of Uncertainty and Imprecision},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {111--134},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;Bayesian-statistics;}  
  } 

@article{ hrycej:1990a,
  author = {Tomas Hrycej},
  title = {Gibbs Sampling In Bayesian Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {46},
  number = {3},
  pages = {351--363},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@article{ hsiang:1985a,
  author = {Jieh Hsiang},
  title = {Refutational Theorem Proving Using Term-Rewriting
  	Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {25},
  number = {3},
  pages = {255--300},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@incollection{ huang_ct:1987a,
  author = {C.-T. James Huang},
  title = {Existential Sentences in {C}hinese and (In)definiteness},
  booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  pages = {226--253},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {(in)definiteness;existential-constructions;Chinese-language;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ huang_j:1982a,
  author = {J. Huang},
  title = {Logical Relations in {C}hinese and the Theory of
  	Grammar},
  school = {Department of Linguistics, Massachusetts
  	Institute of Technology},
  year = {1982},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {LF;nl-semantics;Chinese-language;}  
 } 

@article{ huang_t-russell:1998a,
  author = {Timothy Huang and Stuart Russell},
  title = {Object Identification: A {B}ayesian Analysis
  	with Application to Traffic Surveillance},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {77--93},
  topic = {object-identification;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ huang_xd-etal:1990a,
  author = {X. D. Huang and Y. Ariki and M. A. Jack},
  title = {Hidden Markov Models for Speech Recognition},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {speech-recognition;hidden-Markov-models;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ huang_xm-etal:1991a,
  author = {Xueming Huang and Gordon I. McCalla and Eric Neufeld},
  title = {Using Attention in Belief Revision},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown},
  pages = {275--280},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {belief-revision;relevance;}  
  } 

@techreport{ huang_xr:1991a,
  author = {Xiaorong Huang},
  title = {An Extensible Natural Calculus for Argument Presentation},
  institution = {Fachbereich Informatik, Universit\"at Kaiserslautern},
  number = {SR--91--3},
  year = {1990},
  address = {D--6750 Kaiserslautern},
  topic = {theorem-proving;argumentation;nl-generation-from-proofs;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ huang_xr:1997a,
  author = {Xiaorong Huang},
  title = {Planning reference Choices for Argumentative Texts},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {190--197},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;argumentation;}  
 } 

@techreport{ huang_z:1989a,
  author = {Zhisheng Huang},
  title = {Dependency of Belief in Distributed Systems},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--89--09},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;belief;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ huang_z-kwast:1991a,
  author = {Z. Huang and K. Kwast},
  title = {Awareness, Negation and Logical Omniscience},
  booktitle = {Logics in {AI}, Proceedings {JELIA}'90},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Jan {van Eijk}},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {478},
  pages = {282--300},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;awareness;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ huang_z-vanemdeboas:1991a,
  author = {Zhisheng Huang and Peter {van Emde Boas}},
  title = {Belief Dependence, Revision and Persistence},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--91--06},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@techreport{ huang_z-vanemdeboas:1991b,
  author = {Zhisheng Huang and Peter {van Emde Boas}},
  title = {The {S}choenmaker's Paradox: Its Solution in a Belief Dependence
  	Framework},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--91--05},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ huang_z-vanemdeboas:1994a,
  author = {Zhisheng Huang and Peter {van Emde Boas}},
  title = {Information Acquisition from Multi-Agent Resources},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {65--79},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {belief-acquisition;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ huang_z-etal:1996a,
  author = {Zhisheng Huang and Michael Masuch and L\'asl/'o P\'olos},
  title = {{ALX}, an Action Logic for Agents with Bounded Rationality},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {82},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {75--127},
  topic = {action-formalisms;conditionals;limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@article{ huberman-hogg:1987a,
  author = {Bernardo A. Huberman and Tad Hogg},
  title = {Phase Transitions in Artificial Intelligence Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {33},
  number = {3},
  pages = {155--171},
  topic = {computational-phase-transitions;}  
  } 

@article{ hubin:1996a,
  author = {Donald C. Hubin},
  title = {Hypothetical Motivation},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {30},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31--54},
  topic = {motivation;practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ hubner-etal:2000a,
  author = {Andr\'e H\"ubner and Mario Lenz and Roman Borch
  	and Michael Posthoff},
  title = {Last-Minute Travel Application},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {58--62},
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ hudson_ra:1975a,
  author = {Richard A. Hudson},
  title = {The Meaning of Questions},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--31},
  topic = {interrogatives;speech-acts;} 
  } 

@book{ hudson_ra:1995a,
  author = {Richard A. Hudson},
  title = {Word Meaning},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1995},
  address = {London},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hudsondzmura:1997a,
  author = {Susan Hudson-D'Zmura},
  title = {Control and Event Structure: The View from the Center},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {71--88},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;
  	discourse-structure;lexical-semantics;centering;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hudsondzmura-tannenhaus:1997a,
  author = {Susan Hudson-D'Zmura and Michael K. Tanenhaus},
  title = {Assigning Antecedents to Ambiguous Pronouns: The Role of
  	the Center of Attention as the Default Assignment},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {199--226},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;attention;centering;}  
  } 

@article{ huemer:2000a,
  author = {Michael Huemer},
  title = {Van {I}nwagen's Consequence Argument},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {109},
  number = {4},
  pages = {525--544},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
  } 

@book{ huet-plotkin:1991a,
  editor = {G\'irard Huet and Gerald Plotkin},
  title = {Logical Frameworks},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {0521413001},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
 } 

@article{ hugel-etal:2000a,
  author = {Vincent Hugel and Patrick Bonnin and Pierre Blazevic},
  title = {Using Reactive and Adaptive Behaviors to Play Soccer},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {53--59},
  topic = {RoboCup;robotics;minimalist-robotics;}  
  } 

@article{ huggett:1999a,
  author = {Nick Huggett},
  title = {Atomic Metaphysics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--24},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;}  
  } 

@book{ hughes_ge-cresswell_mj:1968a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell and G.E. Hughes},
  title = {An Introduction to Modal Logic},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1968},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Superceded by hughes_ge-cresswell_mj:1996a},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ hughes_ge-cresswell_mj:1968b,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell and G.E. Hughes},
  title = {A Companion to Modal Logic},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1984},
  address = {London},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ hughes_ge-cresswell_mj:1996a,
  author = {Max J. Cresswell and G.E. Hughes},
  title = {A New Introduction to Modal Logic},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1996},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Review: crivelli-williamson_t:1998a.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ hughes_j:1984a,
  author = {Justin Hughes},
  title = {Group Speech Acts},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {379--395},
  topic = {speech-acts;group-action;}  
  } 

@article{ hughes_rig:1985a,
  author = {R.I.G. Hughes},
  title = {Semantic Alternatives in Partial {B}oolean Quantum Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {411--446},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ hugly-sayward:1977a,
  author = {Philip Hugly and Charles Sayward},
  title = {Theories of Truth and Semantical Primitives},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {349--35},
  contentnote = {This is a comment on cummins_r:1975a.},
  topic = {logical-form;truth-definitions;Davidson-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ hugly-sayward:1979a,
  author = {Philip Hugly and Charles Sayward},
  title = {A Problem about Conversational Implicature},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {19--25},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ hugly-sayward:1990a,
  author = {Philip Hugly and Charles Sayward},
  title = {Moral Relativism and Deontic Logic},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {85},
  number = {1},
  pages = {139--152},
  topic = {deontic-logic;ethics;}  
  } 

@article{ hugly-sayward:1993a,
  author = {Philip Hugly and Charles Sayward},
  title = {Theories of Truth and Truth-Value Gaps},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {6},
  pages = {551--559},
  topic = {truth;Donald-Davidson;truth-value-gaps;}  
  } 

@book{ hugly-sayward:1996a,
  editor = {Philip Hugly and Charles Sayward},
  title = {Intensionality and Truth: An Essay on the Philosophy of
  	{A}.{N}. {P}rior},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;intensionality;truth;}  
 } 

@article{ hukari-levine:1990a,
  author = {Thomas Hukari and Robert Levine},
  title = {Jacobson on {GKPS}: A Rejoinder},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {363--381},
  xref = {Commentary on jacobson:1987a.},
  topic = {GPSG;}  
  } 

@article{ hukari-levine_r:1990a,
  author = {Thomas Hukari and Robert Levine},
  title = {Jacobson on {GKPS}: A Rejoinder},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {363--381},
  xref = {Commentary on jacobson:1987a.},
  topic = {GPSG;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hull:1975a,
  author = {R.D. Hull},
  title = {A Semantics for Superficial and Embedded Questions},
  booktitle = {Formal Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Edward L. Keenan},
  pages = {35--45},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hull:1987a,
  author = {Richard Hull},
  title = {A Survey of Theoretical Resarch on Typed Complex
		Database Objects},
  booktitle = {Databases},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {J. Paradaens},
  pages = {193--256},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {databases;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hulser:1979a,
  author = {Karlheinz H\"ulser},
  title = {Expression and Content in {S}toic Linguistic Theory},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {284--303},
  topic = {Stoic-philosophy;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hulstijn:1999a,
  author = {Joris Hulstijn},
  title = {Modeling Usability:  Development Methods for
  	 	Dialogue Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jan Alexandersson},
  pages = {49--56},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@article{ humberstone:1971a,
  author = {I. L. Humberstone},
  title = {Two Sorts of `Ought's},
  journal = {Analysis},
  volume = {32},
  year = {1971},
  pages = {8--11},
  topic = {obligation;deontic-logic;}  
    } 

@article{ humberstone:1979a,
  author = {Lloyd Humberstone},
  title = {Interval Semantics for Tense Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {171--196},
  topic = {temporal-logic;interval-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ humberstone:1980a,
  author = {Martin Davies and Lloyd Humberstone},
  title = {Two Notions of Necessity},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {38},
  pages = {1--30},
  topic = {necessary-truth;}  
} 

@article{ humberstone:1981a,
  author = {Lloyd Humberstone},
  title = {From Worlds to Possibilities},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {313--339},
  contentnote = {The idea is to see what might stand to worlds in
  	modal logic as intervals stand to moments in tense logic.},
  topic = {modal-logic;possibility;}  
  } 

@article{ humberstone:1986a,
  author = {Lloyd Humberstone},
  title = {Extensionality in Sentence Position},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--54},
  note = {A correction appears in \cite{humberstone:1988a}.},
  topic = {intensionality;intensional-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ humberstone:1988a,
  author = {Lloyd Humberstone},
  title = {The Lattice of Extensional Connectives:  A Correction},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {3},
  pages = {221--223},
  note = {A correction to \cite{humberstone:1986a}.},
  topic = {intensionality;intensional-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ humberstone:1993a,
  author = {Lloyd Humberstone},
  title = {Functional Dependencies, Supervenience, and Consequence
  	Relations},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {309--336},
  topic = {logical-consequence;}  
  } 

@article{ humberstone:1996a,
  author = {Lloyd Humberstone},
  title = {Valuational Semantics of Rule Derivability},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {5},
  pages = {451--461},
  topic = {semantics-of-inference-rules;}  
  } 

@incollection{ humberstone:1996b,
  author = {Lloyd Humberstone},
  title = {Homophony, Validity, Modality},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  address = {Oxford},
  pages = {215--236},
  topic = {modal-logic;truth-definitions;}  
  } 

@article{ humberstone:1996c,
  author = {Lloyd Humberstone},
  title = {Intrinsic/Extrinsic},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {108},
  pages = {205--267},
  topic = {internal/external-properties;}  
  } 

@article{ humberstone:1997a,
  author = {I.L. Humberstone},
  title = {Singulary Extensional Connectives:  A Closer Look},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {341--356},
  topic = {algebraic-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ humberstone-williamson:1997a,
  author = {Lloyd Humberstone and Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Inverses for Normal Modal Operators},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--64},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ humberstone:1999a,
  author = {LLoyd Humberstone},
  title = {Review of {\it Negation: A Notion in Focus},
  	edited by {H}einrich {W}ansing},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {63},
  number = {2},
  pages = {283--296},
  xref = {Review of: wansing:1996a.},
  topic = {negation;}  
  } 

@article{ humberstone:2000a,
  author = {Lloyd Humberstone},
  title = {The Revival of Rejective Negation},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {4},
  pages = {331--381},
  topic = {negation;assertion;}  
  } 

@article{ humberstone:2001a,
  author = {Lloyd Humberstone},
  title = {The Pleasures of Anticipation: Enriching Intuitionistic
  	Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {5},
  pages = {395--438},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ hume_b:1993a,
  author = {Beth Hume},
  title = {Nonlinear Phonology},
  year = {1993},
  note = {Course Packet for 1993 Linguistic Institute},
  topic = {nonlinear-phonology;}  
  } 

@article{ humphrey_n:1997a,
  author = {Nicholas Humphrey},
  title = {Review of {\em Kinds of Minds: Toward an Understanding
		of Consciousness}, by {D}aniel {C}. {D}ennett},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {2},
  pages = {97},
  topic = {consciousness;}  
  } 

@book{ humphrey_ws:1990a,
  author = {Watts S. Humphrey},
  title = {Managing the Software Process},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201180952},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@article{ humphreys_l:1993a,
  author = {Lee Humphreys},
  title = {Book Review: The Linguistics of Punctuation},
  journal = {Machine Translation},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {199--201},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@phdthesis{ humphreys_p:1989a,
  author = {Paul Humpreys},
  title = {The Chances of Explanation},
  school = {Philosophy Department, Princeton University},
  year = {1989},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {Evidently, there is a def of causality here in terms
  	of linear regression models.  See glennan:1997a.},
  topic = {causality;explanation;}  
 } 

@book{ humphreys_p-fetzer:1998a,
  editor = {Paul Humphreys and James H. Fetzer},
  title = {The New Theory of Reference: {K}ripke, {M}arcus, and
  	Its Origins},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-7923-4898-2},
  topic = {reference;modal-logic;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@article{ humphreys_p:2000a,
  author = {Paul Humphreys},
  title = {Review of {\it Causality and Explanation}, by {W}esley
  	{S}almon},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {9},
  pages = {523--527},
  xref = {Review of salmon_wc:1999a.},
  topic = {causality;explanation;}  
  } 

@article{ hungerland:1960a,
  author = {I.C. Hungerland},
  title = {Contextual Implication},
  journal = {Inquiry},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {211--258},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {implicature;context;}  
  } 

@book{ hunston-francis:2000a,
  author = {Susan Hunston and Gill Francis},
  title = {Pattern Grammar: A Corpus-Driven Approach to the 
  	Lexical Grammar of {E}nglish},
  publisher = {John Benjamins},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {90-272-2273-8},
  xref = {Review: johnson_c:2001a.},
  topic = {descriptive-grammar;corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ hunt_eb:1975a,
  author = {Earl B. Hunt},
  title = {Artificial intelligence},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Review: shapiro_sc:1976a.},
  topic = {AI-intro;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hunter_a:1994a,
  author = {Anthony Hunter},
  title = {Defeasible Reasoning with Structured Information},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {281--262},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;labelled-deductive-systems;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hunter_a:1998a,
  author = {Anthony Hunter},
  title = {Paraconsistent Logics},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 2: Reasoning with
                Actual and Potential Contradictions},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {11--36},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {paraconsistency;}  
  } 

@article{ hunter_jfm:1968a,
  author = {J.F.M. Hunter},
  title = {Aune and Others on Ifs and Cans},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {28},
  pages = {107--112},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {ability;conditionals;JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ hunter_l:1983a,
  author = {Lynne Hunter},
  title = {On Misapplying the Maxims:  A {G}ricean Look at Wit},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Nineteenth Regional Meeting of the
  	Chicago Linguistics Society},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {197--204},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society},
  address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;Grice;}  
  } 

@article{ huntley:1984a,
  author = {Martin Huntley},
  title = {The Semantics of {E}nglish Imperatives},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {103--133},
  topic = {imperatives;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hurewitz:1997a,
  author = {Felicia Hurewitz},
  title = {A Quantitative Look at Discourse Coherence"},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {273--291},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;
  	discourse-coherence;centering;}  
  } 

@article{ husbands:2001a,
  author = {Phil Husbands},
  title = {Review of {\it The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive
  	Sciences,} edited by {R}obert {A}. {W}ilson and {F}rank {C}. {K}eil},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {130},
  number = {2},
  pages = {191--194},
  xref = {Review of: wilson_ra-keil:1999a.},
  topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hustadt:1995a,
  author = {Ullrich Hustadt},
  title = {Introducing Epistemic Operators into A Description Logic},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {Akedemie Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {65--86},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;taxonomic-logics;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ hustadt:2001a,
  author = {Ullrich Hustadt},
  title = {Review of {\it Temporal Logic: Mathematical Foundations
  		and Computational Aspects, Volume 2}, by {D}ov {M}.
		Gabbay and {M}ark {A}. {R}eynolds and {M}arcelo {F}inger},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {406--410},
  xref = {Review of gabbay-etal:2000a.},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hustadt-schmidt:2002a,
  author = {Ullrich Hustadt and Renate A. Schmidt},
  title = {Scientific Benchmarking with Temporal Logic Decision
  	Procedures},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {533--544},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;temporal-logic;} 
  } 

@incollection{ hutchens-alder:1998a,
  author = {Jason L. Hutchens and Michael D. Alder},
  title = {Finding Structure Via Compression},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in 
  	Language Processing and Computational Natural Language
	Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {David M.W. Powers},
  pages = {79--82},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;word-sequence-probabilities;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ hutcheon:1995a,
  author = {Linda Hutcheon},
  title = {Irony's Edge: The Theory and Politics of Irony},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1995},
  address = {London},
  topic = {irony;literary-=criticism;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hutchins_e:1991a,
  author = {Edwin Hutchins},
  title = {The Social Organization of Distributed Cognition},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {283--207},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}  
  } 

@book{ hutchins_wj-somers:1992a,
  author = {W. John Hutchins and Harold L. Somers},
  title = {An Introduction to Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0-123-62830-X},
  topic = {machine-translation;nlp-intro;}  
 } 

@incollection{ hutchinson:1974a,
  author = {Larry Hutchinson},
  title = {Grammar as Theory},
  booktitle = {Explaining Linguistic Phenomena},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {David Cohen},
  pages = {43--73},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;psychological-reality;} 
  } 

@book{ hutchinson:1994a,
  author = {Alan Hutchinson},
  title = {Algorithmic Learning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198538480 (pbk.)},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
 } 

@book{ hutchinson_a:1994a,
  author = {Alan Hutchinson},
  title = {Algorithmic Learning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198538480 (pbk)},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
 } 

@book{ huth-ryan:2000a,
  author = {Michael R.A. Huth and Mark D. Ryan},
  title = {Logic in Computer Science: Modelling and Reasoning about
  	Systems},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1.  Propositional logic
        2.  Predicate logic
        3.  Verification by model checking
        4.  Program verification
        5.  Modal logics and agents
        6.  Binary decision diagrams
   } ,
  ISBN = {Hardback:  ISBN 0521652006, Paperback: ISBN 0521656028.},
  contentnote = {"The book is intended as an undergraduate text book
    in logic applications in computer science."},
  topic = {logic-in-CS;logic-in-CS-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ huttemann:1998a,
  author = {Andreas H\"uttemann},
  title = {Laws and Dispositions},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {65},
  number = {1},
  pages = {121--135},
  topic = {dispositions;philosophy-of-physics;conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ hwang_ch-schubert:1993a,
   author = {Chung Hee Hwang and Lenhart Schubert},
   title = {Episodic Logic: A Situational Logic for Natural Language
   	Processing},
   booktitle = {Situation Theory and its Applications},
   publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
   year = {1993},
   editor = {Stanley Peters and David J. Israel and Peter Aczel and
 	Yasuhiro Katagiri},
   address = {Stanford, California},
   missinginfo = {pages},
   topic = {events;nl-semantics;event-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ hwang_sjj-merrifield:1992a,
  editor = {Shin Ja J. Hwang and William R. Merrifield},
  title = {Language in Context: {E}ssays for {R}obert {E}. {L}ongacre},
  publisher = {Summer Institute of Linguistics},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Dallas},
  ISBN = {0883121832},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
 } 

@article{ hyde:1994a,
  author = {Dominic Hyde},
  title = {Why Higher-Order Vagueness is a Pseudo-Problem},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {103},
  number = {409},
  pages = {35--41},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ hyde:1997a,
  author = {Dominic Hyde},
  title = {From Heaps and Gaps to Heaps of Gluts},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {106},
  number = {424},
  pages = {641--660},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ hyde:2001a,
  author = {Dominic Hyde},
  title = {Review of {\it Vagueness: A Reader}, edited by
  	{R}osanna {K}eefe and {P}eter {S}mith},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {120--122},
  xref = {Review of keefe-smith_p:1997a.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@book{ hyde:2002a,
  author = {Dominic Hyde},
  title = {Being Coherently Vague},
  publisher = {Ashgate Publishing Co.},
  year = {2002},
  address = {Brookfield, Vermont},
  ISBN = {0 7546 1532 4},
  topic = {vagueness;} 
 } 

@book{ hylton:1990a,
  author = {Peter Hylton},
  title = {Russell, Idealism, and tbe Emergence of Analytic Philosophy},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {Russell;analytic-philosophy;history-of-logic;
  	history-of-philosophy;}  
 } 

@book{ hymes:1974a,
  author = {Dale Hymes},
  title = {Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach},
  publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},
  year = {1974},
  address = {Philadelphia},
  topic = {sociolinguistics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ hyttinen-sandu:2000a,
  author = {Tapani Hyttinen and Gabriel Sandu},
  title = {Henkin Quantifiers and the Definability of Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {5},
  pages = {507--527},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;branching-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ iatridou:1993a,
  author = {Sabine Iatridou},
  title = {On the Contribution of Conditional {\it Then\/}},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1993--1994},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {171--199},
  topic = {nl-semantics;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ iatridou:1994a,
  author = {Sabine Iatridou},
  title = {On the Contribution of Conditional `Then'},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {171--199},
  topic = {conditionals;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ iatridou-varlokosta:1997a,
  author = {Sabine Iatridou and Spyridoula Varlokosta},
  title = {Pseudoclefts Crosslinguistically},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--28},
  topic = {cleft-constructions;universal-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ iatridou:2000a,
  author = {Sabine Iatridou},
  title = {The Grammatical Ingredients of Counterfactuality},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {31},
  number = {2},
  pages = {231--270},
  topic = {conditionals;nl-syntax;nl-mood;}  
  } 

@article{ ibaraki:1986a,
  author = {Toshihide Ibaraki},
  title = {Generalization of Alpha-Beta and {SSS}* Search
  	Procedures},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  pages = {73--117},
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@article{ ibaraki-etal:1999a,
  author = {Toshihide Ibaraki and Alexander Kogan and Kazuhisa
  	Makino},
  title = {Functional Dependencies in {H}orn Theories},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {108},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--30},
  topic = {Horn-theories;functional-dependencies;}  
  } 

@article{ ibaraki-etal:2001a,
  author = {Toshihide Ibaraki and Alexander Kogan and Kazuhisa
  	Makino},
  title = {On Functional Dependencies in Q-Horn Theories},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {131},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {171--187},
  topic = {Horn-theories;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ ibens:2002a,
  author = {Ostrun Ibens},
  title = {Connection Tableau Calculi with Disjunctive Constraints},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {70},
  number = {2},
  pages = {241--270},
  topic = {semantic-tableaux;theorem-proving;} 
  } 

@incollection{ ichikawa-etal:1999a,
  author = {A. Ichikawa and M. Araki amd Y. Horiuchi and M. Ishizaki
     		and S. Itabashi and T. Itoh and H. Kashioka and
		K. Kato and H. Kikuchi and H. Koiso and T. Kumagai
		and A. Kurematsu and K. Maekawa and S. Nakazato and
		M. Tamoto and S. Tutiya and Y. Yamashita and
		T. Yoshimura},
  title = {Evaluation of Annotation Schemes for
		{J}apanese Discourse},
  booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging:
  	Proceedings of the Workshop},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {26--34},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-tagging;corpus-linguistics;Japanese-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ide-etal:1994a,
  author = {Nancy Ide and Jacques Le Maitre and Jean V\'eronis},
  title = {Outline of a Model for Lexical Databases},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {283--320},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@article{ ide:1998a,
  author = {Nancy Ide},
  title = {Review of {\it Text Databases: One Database Model
  	and Several Retrieval Languages}, by {C}rist-{J}an {D}oedens},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {319--321},
  topic = {textual-databases;}  
  } 

@article{ ide-veronis:1998a,
  author = {Nancy Ide and Jean Veronis},
  title = {Introduction to the Special Issue on Word Sense
  	Disambiguation: The State of the Art},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--40},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;}  
  } 

@article{ iemhoff:2001a,
  author = {Rosalie Iemhoff},
  title = {On the Admissible Rules of Intuitionistic Propositional
  	Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {281--294},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;admissible-rules;}  
  } 

@article{ iemhoff:2002a,
  author = {Rosalie Iemhoff},
  title = {Review of {\it Submodels of {K}ripke Models}, by {A}lbert
  	{V}isser},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {440--441},
  xref = {Review of: visser:2001a},
  topic = {model-theory;intuitionistic-mathematics;} 
  } 

@article{ ihrig:1965a,
  author = {A.H. Ihrig},
  title = {Remarks on Logical Necessity and Future Contingencies},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {75},
  pages = {215--228},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The author states that the purpose of his paper is to examine
     the problems involved in the question: does the logical
     necessity of $p \vee \mboox{Not}p$ imply that future events are
     necessary?  Since the question seems to be derived, at least
     partially, from Chapter 9 of Aristotle's "De Interpretatione",
     he also examines how or when these problems appear in
     Aristotle's discussion and what his attitude seems to have been
     toward them.  The first part of the paper is devoted to the
     general problems with occasional reference to Aristotle and the
     last part more specifically looks at some of Aristotle's ideas
     in the light of the previous discussion.
  } ,
 topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ iida_h-etal:2002a,
  author = {Hioryuki Iida and Makoto Sakuta and Jeff Rollason},
  title = {Computer Shogi},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {134},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {121--144},
  topic = {computer-games;search;} 
  } 

@incollection{ iida_m:1997a,
  author = {Masayo Iida},
  title = {Discourse Coherence and Shifting Centers in
		{J}apanese Texts},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {161--180},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;Japanese-language;
  	centering;}  
  } 

@article{ ikeuchi-horn:1981a,
  author = {Katsushi Ikeuchi and Berthold K.P. Horn},
  title = {Numerical Shape from Shading and Occluding Boundaries},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {141--184},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     An iterative method for computing shape from shading using
     occluding boundary information is proposed.  Some applications of
     this method are shown.
      We employ the stereographic plane to express the orientations
     of surface patches, rather than the more commonly used gradient
     space.  Use of the stereographic plane makes it possible to
     incorporate occluding boundary information, but forces us to
     employ a smoothness constraint different from the one previously
     proposed.  The new constraint follows directly from a particular
     definition of surface smoothness.
      We solve the set of equations arising from the smoothness
     constraints and the image-irradiance equation iteratively, using
     occluding boundary information to supply boundary conditions.
     Good initial values are found at certain points to help reduce
     the number of iterations required to reach a reasonable
     solution.  Numerical experiments show that the method is
     effective and robust.  Finally, we analyze scanning electron
     microscope (SEM) pictures using this method.  Other applications
     are also proposed.},
  topic = {shape-recognition;}  
  } 

@article{ ikeuchi:1984a,
  author = {Katsushi Ikeuchi},
  title = {Shape from Regular Patterns},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49--75},
  topic = {shape-recognition;computer-vision;}  
  } 

@article{ ikeuchi:1993a,
  author = {Katsushi Ikeuchi},
  title = {Comment on `Numerical Shape from Shading and
  	Occluding Boundaries'},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {89--94},
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ imai-tanaka:1998a,
  author = {Hiroki Imai and Hozumi Tanaka},
  title = {A Method of Incorporating Bigram Constraints into an {LR} 
  		Table and its Effectiveness in Natural Language 
		Processing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {225--233},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {n-gram-models;}  
  } 

@article{ imielinski:1987a,
  author = {Tomasz Imielinski},
  title = {Results on Translating Defaults to Circumscription},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {32},
  number = {1},
  pages = {131--146},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;circumscription;}  
  } 

@book{ ince:1992a,
  editor = {A. Nejat Ince},
  title = {Digital Speech Processing: Speech Coding,
   Synthesis, and Recognition},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {speech-recognition;speech-generation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ingria-george_l:1993a,
  author = {Robert Ingria and Leland George},
  title = {Adjectives, Nominals and the Status of Arguments},
  booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky},
  pages = {107--125},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {argument-structure;computational-lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ ingve:1996a,
  author = {Victor Ingve},
  title = {From Grammar to Science: New Foundations for General
  	Linguistics},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Review: sampson:1998a.},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-cogsci;foundations-of-linguistics;
  	philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ inoue_k1:1979a,
  author = {K. Inoue},
  title = {An Analysis of the {E}nglish Present	Perfect},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {561--590},
  missinginfo = {number},
  contentnote = {This may be the original reference for the point
		about "present relevance" of English perfective
		aspect.  "I have lost my watch. #But I have found it."
		See steedman:1998a, p. 5.},
  topic = {tense-aspect;perfective-aspect;}  
  } 

@article{ inoue_k2:1992a,
  author = {Katsumi Inoue},
  title = {Linear Resolution for Consequence Finding},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {56},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {301--353},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In this paper, we re-evaluate the consequence finding problem
     within first-order logic.  Firstly, consequence finding is
     generalized to the problem in which only interesting clauses
     having a certain property (called characteristic clauses) should
     be found.  The use of characteristic clauses enables
     characterization of various reasoning problems of interest to
     AI, including abduction, nonmonotonic reasoning, prime
     implicates and truth maintenance systems.  Secondly, an extension
     of the Model Elimination theorem proving procedure
     (SOL-resolution) is presented, providing an effective mechanism
     complete for finding the characteristic clauses.  An important
     feature of SOL-resolution is that it constructs such a subset of
     consequences directly without testing each generated clause for
     the required property.  We also discuss efficient but incomplete
     variations of SOL-resolution and their properties, which address
     finding the most specific and the least specific abductive
     explanations.  } ,
  topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;nonmonotonic-reasoning;
  	truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ inoue_k2-sakama:1995a,
  author = {Katsumi Inoue and Chiaki Sakama},
  title = {Abductive Framework for Theory Change},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {204--210},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {abduction;belief-revision;}  
 } 

@incollection{ inoue_k2-sakama:1998a,
  author = {Katsumi Inoue and Chiaki Sakama},
  title = {Specifying Transactions for Extended Abduction},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {394--405},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;abduction;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ inoue_k3-sakama:1994a,
  author = {Kausumo Inoue and Chiaki Sakama},
  title = {On Positive Occurrences of Negation as Failure},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
		Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {293--304},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;negation-as-failure;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ inza-etal:2000a,
  author = {I. Inza  and P. Larra\~naga and R. Etxeberria and B. Sierra},
  title = {Feature Subset Selection by {B}ayesian Network-Based
  	Optimization},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {123},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {157--184},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ iocchi-etal:2000a,
  author = {Luca Iocchi and Daniele Nardi and Riccardo Rosati},
  title = {Planning with Sensing, Concurrency, and Exogenous
  	Events: Logical Framework and Implementation},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {678--689},
  topic = {planning-formalisms;sensing-actions;model-construction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ iordanskaja-etal:1991a,
  author = {L. Iordanskaja and R. Kittredge and A. Polgu\'ere},
  title = {Lexical Selection and Paraphrase in a Meaning-Text
		Generation Model},
  booktitle = {Natural Language Generation in Artificial Intelligence and
  	Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {C\'{e}cile L. Paris and William R. Swartout
  	and William C. Mann},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {nl-generation;lexical-selection;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ ioup:1975a,
  author = {Georgette L. Ioup},
  title = {The Treatment of Quantifier Scope in a Transformational
  	Grammar},
  school = {New York University},
  year = {1975},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, Department},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;nl-quantifier-scope;}  
 } 

@article{ ioup:1977a,
  author = {Georgette Ioup},
  title = {Specificity and the Interpretation of Quantifiers},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {233--245},
  topic = {specificity;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ isard:1975a,
  author = {Stephen Isard},
  title = {Changing the Context},
  booktitle = {Formal Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Edward L. Keenan},
  pages = {287--296},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {context;indexicals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ishida:1989a,
  author = {Yoshiteru Ishida},
  title = {A Framework for Dynamic Representation of Knowledge:  A
  	Minimum Principle in Organizing Knowledge Representation},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {170--179},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;case-based-reasoning;memory-models;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ishiguro:1979a,
  author = {Hid\'e Ishiguro},
  title = {Contingent Truths and Possible Worlds},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}:
  	Studies in Metaphysics},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {357--367},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {Leibniz;philosophy-of-possible-worlds;}  
  } 

@article{ ishikawa:1995a,
  author = {Masumi Ishikawa},
  title = {Learning of Modular Structured Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {75},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--62},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Learning of large-scale neural networks suffers from
     computational cost and the local minima problem.  One solution to
     these difficulties is the use of modular structured networks.
     Proposed here is the learning of modular networks using
     structural learning with forgetting.  It enables the formation of
     modules.  It also enables automatic utilization of appropriate
     modules from among the previously learned ones.  This not only
     achieves efficient learning, but also makes the resulting
     network understandable due to its modular character.
      In the learning of a Boolean function, the present module
     acquires information from its subtask module without any
     supervision.  In the parity problem, a previously learned
     lower-order parity problem is automatically used.  The
     geometrical transformation of figures can be realized by a
     sequence of elementary transformations.  This sequence can also
     be discovered by the learning of multi-layer modular networks.
     These examples well demonstrate the effectiveness of modular
     structured networks constructed by structural learning with
     forgetting.},
  topic = {machine-learning;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@article{ isli-cohn:2000a,
  author = {Amar Isli and Anthony G. Cohn},
  title = {A New Approach to Cyclic Ordering of {2D} Orientations
  	Using Ternary Relation Algebras},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {122},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {137--187},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;
  	constraint-satisfaction;algebraic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ isozaki-katsuno:1996a,
  author = {Hideki Isozaki and Hirofumi Katsuno},
  title = {A Semantic Characterization of an Algorithm for
  	Estimating Others' Beliefs from Observation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {543--549},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ israel_dj:1980a1,
  author = {David J. Israel},
  title = {What's Wrong with Nonmonotonic Logic?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  pages = {99--101},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  xref = {Republication: israel_dj:1980a2.},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ israel_dj:1980a2,
  author = {David J. Israel},
  title = {What's Wrong with Nonmonotonic Logic?},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  pages = {53--55},
  xref = {Original Publication: israel_dj:1980a1.},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ israel_dj-brachman:1984a,
  author = {David J. Israel and Ronald J. Brachman},
  title = {Some Remarks on the Semantics of Representation Languages},
  booktitle = {On Conceptual Modelling:  Perspectives from Artificial
  	Intelligence, Databases and Programming Languages},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Michael L. Brodie and John Mylopoulos and Joachim W. Schmidt},
  pages = {119--145},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;foundations-of-kr;semantic-nets;}  
  } 

@techreport{ israel_dj:1987a,
  author = {David J. Israel},
  title = {The Role of Propositional Objects of Belief in Action},
  institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information,
  	Stanford University},
  number = {CSLI--87--72},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {action;propositional-attitudes;belief;}  
  } 

@incollection{ israel_dj:1989b,
  author = {David J. Israel},
  title = {Concepts of Information: Comparative Semantics},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence},
  editor = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {35--72},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  year = {1989},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;nl-semantics;information-flow-theory;}  
} 

@incollection{ israel_dj:1990a,
  author = {David J. Israel},
  title = {On Formal Versus Commonsense Semantics},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing},
  editor = {Yorick Wilks},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {nl-semantics;common-sense-knowledge;}  
} 

@incollection{ israel_dj:1991a,
  author = {David J. Israel},
  title = {A Short Sketch of the Life and Career of John {M}c{C}arthy},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation: Papers in Honor of {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  address = {San Diego, California},
  xref= {An earlier version of this note was published in the Notices
  	of the American Mathematical Society, Volume 38, Number 4,
	April, 1991.},
  topic = {J-McCarthy;}  
} 

@article{ israel_dj:1991b,
  author = {David J. Israel},
  title = {Katz and {P}ostal on Realism},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {5},
  pages = {567--574},
  xref = {Commentary on katz_jj-postal:1991a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ israel_dj-etal:1991a,
 author = {David J. Israel and John R. Perry and S. Tutiya},
 title = {Actions and Movements},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of IJCAI-91},
 address = {Sydney, Australia},
 year = {1991},
 topic = {action;}  
} 

@article{ israel_dj:1993a,
  author = {David J. Israel},
  title = {Review of Language in Action: Categories, Lambdas, and
  	Dynamic Logic, by {J}ohan van {B}enthem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence Journal},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1--2},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {503--510},
  xref = {Review of vanbenthem:1991a.},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ israel_dj:1993b,
  author = {David J. Israel},
  title = {The Very Idea of Dynamic Semantics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  year = {1993},
  missinginfo = {address,publisher},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;}  
} 

@incollection{ israel_dj:1993c,
  author = {David J. Israel},
  title = {The Role(s) of Logic in Artificial Intelligence},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and
  	Logic Programming, Volume 1: Deductive
		 Methodologies},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and J.A. Robinson},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  pages = {1--29},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1993},
  topic = {kr;logic-in-AI-survey;kr-course;}  
} 

@article{ israel_dj-etal:1993a,
 author = {David J. Israel and John R. Perry and Syun Tutiya},
 title = {Executions, Motivations, and Accomplishments},
 journal = {Philosophical Review},
 volume = {102},
 number = {4},
 year = {1993},
 topic = {action;practical-reasoning;}  
} 

@unpublished{ israel_dj:1996a,
  author = {David J. Israel},
  title = {Process Logics of Action},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.  Available from
  	http://www.ai.sri.com/\user{}israel\_d.},
  topic = {action;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ israel_ho-shapiro_sc:2000a,
  author = {Haythem O. Israel and Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {Two Problems with Reasoning and Acting in Time},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {355--365},
  topic = {reasoning-in-time;}  
  } 

@article{ israel_m:1996a,
  author = {M. Israel},
  title = {Polarity Sensitivity as Lexical Semantics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {19},
  number = {6},
  pages = {619--666},
  topic = {polarity-sensitivity;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ itani:1998a,
  author = {Reiko Itani},
  title = {A Relevance-Based Analysis of Hearsay
			Particles: With Special Reference to {J}apanese
			Sentence-Final Particle {\it ne}},
  booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida},
  pages = {47--68},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {relevance-theory;Japanese-language;}  
  } 

@book{ itkonen:1975a,
  author = {Esa Itkonen},
  title = {Concerning the Relationship Between Linguistics and Logic},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {nl-and-logic;foundations-of-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ itkonen:1975b,
  author = {Esa Itkonen},
  title = {Transformational Grammar and the Philosophy of Science},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, Volume 1: The
  	Transformational-Generative Paradigm and Modern Linguistic
	Theory},
  publisher = {John Benjamins},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {E.F.U. Koerner},
  pages = {381--445},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {Check editor's name.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ itkonen:1976a,
  author = {Esa Itkonen},
  title = {Linguistics and Empiricalness: Answers to Criticisms},
  institution = {Department of General Linguistics, University of
  	Helsinki},
  number = {4},
  year = {1976},
  address = {00170 Helsinki 17},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ito:1991a,
  author = {Takahashi Ito},
  title = {{LISP} and Parallelism},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {187--206},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {LISP;parallel-processing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ itoh-etal:1997a,
  author = {Toshihiko Itoh and Akihiro Demda and Satorn Kogure and
                Seiichi Nakagawa},
  title = {A Robust Dialogue System with
                Spontaneous Speech Understanding and Cooperative
                Response},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {57--60},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ iwanska:1992a,
  author = {{\L}ucja Iwa\'nska},
  title = {A General Semantic Model of Negation in Natural Language:
  	Representation and Inference},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {357--368},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {negation;}  
  } 

@article{ iwanska:1997a,
  author = {{\L}ucja Iwa\'nska},
  title = {Reasoning with Intensional Negative Adjectivals: Semantics,
  	Pragmatics, and Context},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {348--390},
  topic = {context;semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ iwanska:1997b,
  author = {{\L}ucja Iwa\'nska},
  title = {Toward a Computational Theory of General Context-Dependency
  	and Underspecificity of Natural Language},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {82--95},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@article{ iwanska-zadrozny:1997a,
  author = {{\L}ucja Iwa\'nska and Wlodek Zadrozny},
  title = {Introduction to the Special Issue on Context in
  	Natural Language Processing},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {301--308},
  topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ iwanska-shapiro_sc:2000a,
  editor = {Lucja M. Iwa\'nska and Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Representation:
    Language For Knowledge and Knowledge for Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262590212},
  xref = {Review: mercer:2001a.},
  topic = {nl-kr;}  
 } 

@article{ iwanuma-oota:1996a,
  author = {Koji Iwanuma and Kazuhiko Oota},
  title = {An Extension of Pointwise Circumscription},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {86},
  number = {2},
  pages = {391--402},
  topic = {circumscrption;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ iwasaki-simon_ha:1986a,
  author = {Yumi Iwasaki and Herbert Simon},
  title = {Causality in Device Behavior},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--32},
  topic = {causality;qualitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ iwasaki-simon_ha:1986b,
  author = {Yumi Iwasaki and Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {Theories of Causal Ordering: Reply to de {K}leer and {B}rown},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  pages = {63--72},
  xref = {Reply to dekleer-brown_js:1986a.},
  topic = {causality;qualitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ iwasaki-simon:1993a,
  author = {Yumi Iwasaki and Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {Retrospective on `Causality in Device Behavior'},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {141--146},
  xref = {Retrospective commentary on iwasaki-simon_ha:1986a.},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ iwasaki-simon_ha:1994a,
  author = {Yumi Iwasaki and Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {Causality and Model Abstraction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {143--194},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Much of science and engineering is concerned with characterizing
     processes by equations describing the relations that hold among
     parameters of objects and govern their behavior over time.  In
     formal descriptions of processes in terms of parameters and
     equations, the notion of causality is rarely made explicit.
     Formal treatments of the foundations of sciences have avoided
     discussions of causation and spoken only of functional relations
     among variables.
      Nevertheless, the notion of causality plays an important role
     in our understanding of phenomena.  Even when we describe the
     behavior of a system formally in terms of acausal, mathematical
     relations, we often give an informal, intuitive explanation of
     why the system behaves the way it does in terms of cause-effect
     relations.
      In this paper, we will present an operational definition of
     causal ordering.  The definition allows us to extract causal
     dependency relations among variables implicit in a model of a
     system, when a model is represented as a set of acausal,
     mathematical relations.  Our approach is based on the theory of
     causal ordering first presented by Simon [22].  The paper shows
     how to use the theory and its extension in reasoning about
     physical systems.  Further, the paper studies the relation of
     the theory to the problems of model aggregation.},
  topic = {causality;abstraction;reasoning-about-physical-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ iwasaki:1995a,
  author = {Yumi Iwasaki},
  title = {Introduction (To Part {IV}: Problem Solving
			with Diagrams)},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {657--667},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;
  	cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ jackendoff:1972a,
  author = {Ray Jackendoff},
  title = {Semantic Interpretation in Generative Grammar},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1972},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ jackendoff:1976a,
  author = {Ray Jackendoff},
  title = {Toward an Explanatory Semantic Representation},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {89--150},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-semantics;cognitive-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ jackendoff:1979a,
  author = {Ray Jackendoff},
  title = {On Keeping Ninety from Rising},
  year = {1979},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Brandeis University.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@book{ jackendoff:1983a,
  author = {Ray Jackendoff},
  title = {Semantics and Cognition},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Reviews: kleiman:1986a, carlson_gn:1985a.},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ jackendoff:1985a,
  author = {Ray Jackendoff},
  title = {Information is in the Mind of the Beholder},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {23--33},
  topic = {situation-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;
  	theories-of-information;}  
  } 

@article{ jackendoff:1987a,
  author = {Ray Jackendoff},
  title = {The Status of Thematic Relations in Linguistic Theory},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {369--411},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {thematic-relations;}  
  } 

@book{ jackendoff:1992a,
  author = {Ray Jackendoff},
  title = {Languages of the Mind},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  contentnote = {TC:
	1. Languages of the Mind
	2. What Is a Concept, that a Person May Grasp It
	3. Word Meanings and What It Takes to Learn Them: Reflections
	     on the Piaget-Chomsky Debate
	4. Is There a Faculty of Social Cognition?
	5. Unconscious Information in Language and Psychodynamics
	6. Spatial Language and Spatial Cognition
	7. Musical Parsing and Musical Affect
	8. The Problem of Reality
    } ,
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;foundations-of-linguistics;
  	foundations-of-cognition;concept-grasping;}  
 } 

@incollection{ jackendoff:1993a,
  author = {Ray Jackendoff},
  title = {X-Bar Semantics},
  booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  pages = {15--26},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jackendoff:1993b,
  author = {Ray Jackendoff},
  title = {The Combinatorial Structure of Thought: The Family of
  	Causative Concepts},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {II}, Lexical and Conceptual
  	Structure},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Werner Abraham},
  pages = {31--49},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {causatives;cognitive-semantics;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jackendoff:1996a,
  author = {Ray Jackendoff},
  title = {Semantics and Cognition},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {539--559},
  xref = {Review: kleiman:1986a.},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ jackendoff:1997a,
  author = {Ray Jackendoff},
  title = {The Architecture of the Language Faculty},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review of stevenson_s:1998a.},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;foundations-of-linguistics;
  	cognitive-modularity;}  
 } 

@article{ jackendoff:1998a,
  author = {Ray Jackendoff},
  title = {Why a Conceptualist View of Reference?  A Reply
  	to {A}bbott},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {211--219},
  topic = {reference;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jackson:1998c,
  author = {Frank Jackson},
  title = {Reference and Description Revisited},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {201--218},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {reference;definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ jackson_e:1995a,
  author = {Eric Jackson},
  title = {Negative Polarity and General Statements},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {130--147},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;polarity;}  
  } 

@article{ jackson_f:1977a,
  author = {Frank Jackson},
  title = {A Causal Theory of Counterfactuals},
  journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {55},
  pages = {3--21},
  missinginfo = {number.},
  title = {Perception: a Representative Theory},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {0521215501},
  topic = {philosophy-of-perception;epistemology;}  
 } 

@article{ jackson_f-pargetter:1983a,
  author = {Frank Jackson and Robert Pargetter},
  title = {Where the Tickle Defense Goes Wrong},
  journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {61},
  pages = {295--299},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {causal-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ jackson_f:1985a,
  author = {Frank Jackson},
  title = {On the Semantics and Logic of Obligation},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {94},
  pages = {177--195},
  contentnote = {Argues for a contextual presentation of alternatives
  	as the background to the deontic modality.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ jackson_f:1987a,
  author = {Frank Jackson},
  title = {Conditionals},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631146210},
  topic = {conditionals;causality;}  
 } 

@book{ jackson_f:1991a,
  editor = {Frank Jackson},
  title = {Conditionals},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {019875096X,  0198750951 (pbk.)},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
 } 

@incollection{ jackson_f-pettit:1993a,
  author = {Frank Jackson and Phillip Pettit},
  title = {Some Content is Narrow},
  booktitle = {Mental Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele},
  pages = {259--282},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {broad/narrow-content;internalism/externalism;}  
  } 

@book{ jackson_f:1998a,
  editor = {Frank Jackson},
  title = {Consciousness},
  publisher = {Ashgate},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Aldershot},
  ISBN = {1855219522 (hardcover)},
  topic = {consciousness;}  
 } 

@book{ jackson_f:1998b,
  author = {Frank Jackson},
  title = {Mind, Method, and Conditionals: Selected Essays},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415165741 (hardcover)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;conditionals;}  
 } 

@article{ jackson_f:2000a,
  author = {Frank Jackson},
  title = {Review of {\it The Nature of Perception}, by {J}ohn {F}oster},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {98},
  number = {12},
  pages = {653--657},
  xref = {Review of: foster_j:2000a.},
  topic = {epistemology;perception;} 
  } 

@incollection{ jacob:1984a,
  author = {Pierre Jacob},
  title = {Remarks on the Language of Thought},
  booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects
  	of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Steve B. Torrance},
  pages = {64--78},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {philosophy-and-AI;philosophy-of-AI;mental-representations;
  	mental-language;}  
  } 

@article{ jacobs_b:1989a,
  author = {Bart Jacobs},
  title = {The Inconsistency of Higher Order Extensions of
  	{M}artin-{L}\"of's Type Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {399--422},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;constructive-logics;}  
  } 

@book{ jacobs_b:1999a,
  author = {Bart Jacobs},
  title = {Categorial Logic and Type Theory},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Review: seely:2000a.},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;proof-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ jacobs_j:1980a,
  author = {Joachim Jacobs},
  title = {Lexical Decomposition in {M}ontague Grammar},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1/2},
  pages = {121--136},
  topic = {nl-semantics;montague-grammar;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ jacobs_p:1992a,
  editor = {Paul S. Jacobs},
  title = {Text-Based Intelligent Systems},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  xref = {Review: norvig:1994a.},
  topic = {nl-kr;}  
 } 

@article{ jacobs_ps-rau_ls:1993a,
  author = {Paul S. Jacobs and Lisa F. Rau},
  title = {Innovations in Text Interpretation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {143--191},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The field of natural language processing is developing a new
     concentration on interpreting extended texts, with applications
     in information retrieval, text categorization, and data
     extraction.  The research that addresses these problems
     represents the first real task-driven focus since machine
     translation research in the 1960s.  Text interpretation
     applications have already produced good results in accuracy and
     throughput.  This new focus on task-driven text interpretation
     has been the driving force for a number of advances in the
     field, because earlier systems fell so far short of the coverage
     required to interpret bodies of text.  The innovations behind
     this scale-up include work in lexicon development and
     representation, weak methods of corpus analysis and text
     pre-processing, and flexible control architectures for parsing.
     Together, these methods provide coverage and accuracy in
     interpretation by extending the knowledge that a system can use
     and controlling how this knowledge is applied.  This paper
     explains the context in which this research is conducted, along
     with the general progress of the field and some of the details
     of how our own system realizes these advances.},
  topic = {text-understanding;text-skimming;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jacobs_s-jackson:1983a,
  author = {Scott Jacobs and Sally Jackson},
  title = {Speech Act Structure in Conversation: Rational Aspects of
  	Pragmatic Coherence},
  booktitle = {Conversational Coherence:  Form, Structure and Strategy},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey},
  pages = {47--66},
  address = {London},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;speech-acts;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ jacobsen-pullum:1982a,
  editor = {Pauline I. Jacobsen and Geoffrey K. Pullum},
  title = {The Nature of Syntactic Representation},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027712905},
  xref = {UMich Graduate Library P291 .N31},
  topic = {nl-syntax;foundations-of-syntax;}  
 } 

@book{ jacobson:1979a,
  author = {Paulene Jacobson},
  title = {The Syntax of Crossing Coreference Sentences},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1979},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {Bach-Peters-sentences;anaphora;}  
 } 

@incollection{ jacobson:1985a,
  author = {Pauline Jacobson},
  title = {On the Quantificational Force of {E}nglish Free Relatives},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {451--486},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;relative-clauses;adjuncts;}  
  } 

@article{ jacobson:1987a,
  author = {Pauline Jacobson},
  title = {Review of {\it Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar}, by
  	Gerald Gazdar and Ewan Klein and Geoffrey Pullum and Ivan Sag},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {389--426},
  xref = {Review of gazdar-etal:1985a.},
  xref = {Commentary: hukari-levine_r:1990a.},
  topic = {GPSG;}  
  } 

@article{ jacobson:1990a,
   author = {Paulene Jacobson},
   title = {Raising as Functional Composition},
   journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
   year = {1990},
   volume = {13},
   number = {4},
   pages = {423--475},
   topic = {syntax-semantics-interface;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ jacobson:1994a,
  author = {Paulene Jacobson},
  title = {Binding Connectivity in Copular Predicates},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{IV}},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann},
  pages = {161--178},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;syntax-semantics-interface;predicate-nominals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jacobson:1996a,
  author = {Paulene Jacobson},
  title = {The Syntax/Semantics Interface in Categorial Grammar},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {89--116},
  topic = {syntax-semantics-interface;categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ jacobson:1999a,
  author = {Pauline Jacobson},
  title = {Towards a Variable-Free Semantics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {117--185},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;combinatory-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ jacobson:2000a,
  author = {Pauline Jacobson},
  title = {Paycheck Pronouns, {B}ach-{P}eters Sentences,
  	and Variable-Free Semantics},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {77--155},
  topic = {anaphora;compositionality;Bach-Peters-sentences;
  	combinatory-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ jacquemin-etal:1997a,
  author = {Christian Jacquemin and Judith L. Klavans and Evelyne
			Tzoukermann},
  title = {Expansion of Multi-Word Terms for Indexing and Retrieval
		Using Morphology and Syntax},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {24--31},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {information-retrieval;document-classification;}  
 } 

@article{ jacquette:1970a,
  author = {Dale Jacquette},
  title = {The Hidden Logic of the Slippery Slope Argument},
  journal = {Philosophy and Rhetoric},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {59--70},
  missinginfo = {number.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@book{ jacquette:1996a,
  author = {Dale Jaquette},
  title = {Meinongian Logic},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-11-01485-X},
  xref = {Review: mares:1999a.},
  topic = {(non)existence;}  
 } 

@article{ jacquette:1999a,
  author = {Dale Jacquette},
  title = {Review of {\it The Logic of Intentional Objects: A
  	{M}einongian Version of Classical Logic}, by {J}acek
	{P}a\'sniczek},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {64},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1847--1849},
  xref = {Review of: pasniczek:1998a.},
  topic = {Meinong;(non)existence;intensionality;}  
  } 

@book{ jaeger_l:1999a,
  author = {Leon Jaeger},
  title = {The Nature of Idioms},
  publisher = {Peter Lang},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0-8204-4605-X (pbk)},
  topic = {idioms;}  
 } 

@article{ jaeger_m:1993a,
  author = {Manfred Jaeger},
  title = {Circumscription: Completeness Reviewed},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {60},
  number = {2},
  pages = {293--301},
  topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jaeger_m:1994a,
  author = {Manfred Jaeger},
  title = {Probabilistic Reasoning in Terminological Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {305--316},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;probabilistic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jaeger_m:1996a,
  author = {Manfred Jaeger},
  title = {Representation Independence of Nonmonotonic Inference
  	Relations},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {461--472},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jaeger_m:1998a,
  author = {Manfred Jaeger},
  title = {Reasoning about Infinite Random Structures with
		Relational {B}ayesian Networks},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {570--581},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;extensions-of-Bayesian-networks;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ jaeger_m:2000a,
  author = {Manfred Jaeger},
  title = {On the Complexity of Inference about Probabilistic
  	Relational Models},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {117},
  number = {2},
  pages = {297--308},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We investigate the complexity of probabilistic inference from
     knowledge bases that encode probability distributions on finite
     domain relational structures.  Our interest here lies in the
     complexity in terms of the domain under consideration in a
     specific application instance.  We obtain the result that
     assuming NETIME/=ETIME this problem is not polynomial for
     reasonably expressive representation systems.  The main
     consequence of this result is that it is unlikely to find
     inference techniques with a better worst-case behavior than the
     commonly employed strategy of constructing standard Bayesian
     networks over ground atoms (knowledge based model construction).},
  topic = {bayesian-networks;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ jager:2002a,
  author = {Gerhard J\"ager},
  title = {Some Notes on the Formal Properties of Bidirectional 
  	Optimality Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {427--451},
  topic = {optimality-theory;finite-state-automata;} 
  } 

@incollection{ jager_g:1991a,
  author = {Gerhard J\"ager},
  title = {Notions of Nonmonotonic Derivability},
  booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt},
  pages = {74--84},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jager_g-stark:1998a,
  author = {Gerhard J\"ager and Robert F. St\"ark},
  title = {A Proof-Theoretic Framework for Logic Programming},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Samuel R. Buss},
  pages = {639--682},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Review: arai:1998a.},
  topic = {proof-theory;logic-programming;}  
 } 

@incollection{ jager_g:1999a,
  author = {Gerhard J\"ager},
  title = {Deconstruction {J}acobson's {\bf Z}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {133--138},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;nl-semantics;anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ jager_g:2001a,
  author = {Gerhard J\"ager},
  title = {First Order Theories for Nonmonotonic Inductive Definitions:
  	Recursively Inaccessible and Mahlo},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {66},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1073--1089},
  topic = {inductive-definitions;nomonotinic-reasoning;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ jager_t:1982a,
  author = {Thomas Jager},
  title = {An Actualist Semantics for Quantified Modal Logic},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {335--349},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;possible-worlds-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ jahne-etal:1999a,
  editor = {Bernd J\"ahne and Horst Haussecker and Peter Geissler},
  title = {Handbook of Computer Vision and Applications:
  	Volume 1, Sensors and Imaging},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0123797705 (set), 0123797713 (v. 1)},
  xref = {Reviews: rosenfeld:2000a.},
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
 } 

@book{ jahne-etal:1999b,
  editor = {Bernd J\"ahne and Horst Haussecker and Peter Geissler},
  title = {Handbook of Computer Vision and Applications,
  	Volume 2, Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0123797705 (set) 0123797721 (v. 2)},
  xref = {Reviews: rosenfeld:2000a.},
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
 } 

@book{ jahne-etal:1999c,
  editor = {Bernd J\"ahne and Horst Haussecker and Peter Geissler},
  title = {Handbook of Computer Vision and Applications,
  	Volume 3, Systems and Applications},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0123797705 (set),012379773X (v. 3)},
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
 } 

@incollection{ jain_a-waibel:1981a,
  author = {Ajay N. Jain and Alex H. Waibel},
  title = {Parsing with Connectionist Networks},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  pages = {243--260},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ jain_a-sharma:1990a,
  author = {Sanjay Jain and Arun Sharma},
  title = {Hypothesis Formation and Language Acquisition with an
  	Infinitely-Often Correct Teacher},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {225--239},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {learning-theory;language-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jameson:1989a,
  author = {Anthony Jameson},
  title = {But What Will the Listener Think?  Belief Ascription and
  	Image Maintenance in Dialog},
  booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {255--312},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {user-modeling;}  
 } 

@incollection{ jameson:1995a,
  author = {Anthony Jameson},
  title = {Logic Is Not Enough: Why reasoning about Another
  	Person's Beliefs Is Reasoning Under Uncertainty},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {Akedemie Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;belief;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ jamil:2000a,
  author = {Hasan M. Jamil},
  title = {A Logic-Based Language for Parametric Inheritance},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {611--622},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ jamnik-etal:1999a,
  author = {Mateja Jamnik and Alan Bundy and Ian Green},
  title = {On Automating Diagrammatic Proofs of Arithmetic
  	Arguments},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {297--321},
  topic = {reasoning-with-diagrams;}  
  } 

@article{ jamzad-etal:2000a,
  author = {Mansour Jamzad and Amirali Foroughnassiraei and Ehsan
  	Chiniforooshan and Reza Ghorbani and Moslem Kazemi and Hamidreza
	Chitsaz and Farid Mobasser and Sayyed Sadjad},
  title = {Arvand: A Soccer Player Robot},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {47--51},
  topic = {RoboCup;robotics;}  
  } 

@book{ janda-sandoval:1984a,
  author = {Richard Janda and Maria Sandoval},
  title = {`{E}lsewhere' in Morphology},
  publisher = {Indiana Linguistics Club},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Department of Linguistics, University of Indiana,
 	Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {morphology;nm-ling;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ janda:1985a,
  author = {Richard Janda},
  title = {Echo Questions Are about What?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-First Regional Meeting of the
  	Chicago Linguistics Society},
  year = {1985},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society},
  address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages},
  topic = {echo-questions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jang:1992a,
  author = {Yeona Jang},
  title = {Knowledge Representation and Incorporation in a Hybrid
  	System with Feedback},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {477--488},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;diagnosis;hybrid-kr-architectures;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ janhunen-etal:2000a,
  author = {Tomi Janhunen and Ilkka Niemel\"a and Patrick Simons
         and Jia-Huai You},
  title = {Unfolding Partiality and Disjunctions in Stable Model
  	Semantics},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {411--419},
  topic = {logic-programming;stable-models;}  
  } 

@incollection{ janlert:1987a,
  author = {Lars-Erik Janlert},
  title = {Modeling Change---the Frame Problem},
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem
    		 in Artificial Intelligence},
  editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {1--40},
  topic = {frame-problem;temporal-reasoning;}  
    } 

@incollection{ janlert:1996a,
  author = {Lars-Erik Janlert},
  title = {The Frame Problem: Freedom or
         Stability?  With Pictures We Can Have Both},
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem
             in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn},
  pages = {35--48},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {frame-problem;}  
  } 

@article{ jansana:1995a,
  author = {Ramon Jansana},
  title = {Abstract Modal Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {55},
  number = {2},
  pages = {259--271},
  topic = {abstract-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ janssen-etal:1977a,
  author = {Theo M.V. Janssen and Gerard Kok and Lambert Meertens},
  title = {On Restrictions on Transformational Grammars
  	Reducing the Generative Power},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {111--118},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;formal-language-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ janssen:1984a,
  author = {Theo M.V. Janssen},
  title = {Individual Concepts are Useful},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {171--192},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;individual-concepts;}  
  } 

@incollection{ janssen:1996a,
  author = {Theo M.V. Janssen},
  title = {Compositionality},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  pages = {417--473},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nl-semantics;compositionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ janssen:1999a,
  author = {Theo M.V. Janssen},
  title = {{IF} Logic and Informational Independence},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
	of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {139--144},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ janssen:2001a,
  author = {Theo M.V. Janssen},
  title = {Frege, Contextuality and Compositionality},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {137--143},
  topic = {compositionality;Frege;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ janssen:2002a,
  author = {Theo M.V. Janssen},
  title = {Independent Choices and the Interpretation of {IF} LOgic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {367--387},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ jantke:1991a,
  author = {Klaus P. Jantke},
  title = {Monotonic and Nonmonotonic Inductive Inference of Functions
  	and Patterns},
  booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt},
  pages = {161--177},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ janusz:2001a,
  author = {Mirek Janusz},
  title = {Review of {\it The Foundations of Causal Decision Theory}, 
  	by {J}ames {J}oyce},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {2},
  pages = {296--300},
  xref = {Review of: joyce:1999a.},
  topic = {causal-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ japaridze-dejongh:1998a,
  author = {Giorgi Japaridze and Dick de Jongh},
  title = {The Logic of Provability},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Samuel R. Buss},
  pages = {475--536},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Review: arai:1998a.},
  topic = {provability-logic;modal-logic;}  
 } 

@techreport{ jarborg:1973a,
  author = {Jerker J\"arborg},
  title = {On the Categories of Change in Natural Language},
  institution = {Logical Grammar Reports, Department of Linguistics,
  	University of G\"oteborg},
  year = {1973},
  address = {S--412 56 G\"oteborg, Sweden},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@techreport{ jarborg:1974a,
  author = {Jerker J\"arborg},
  title = {On Interpreting Propositional Attitudes},
  institution = {Logical Grammar Reports, Department of Linguistics,
  	University of G\"oteborg},
  year = {1974},
  address = {S--412 56 G\"oteborg, Sweden},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;belief;knowledge;}  
  } 

@article{ jarrah-halawani:2001a,
  author = {Omar Al-Jarrah and Alaa Halawani},
  title = {Recognition of Gestures in {A}rabic Sign Language Using
  	Neuro-Fuzzy Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {133},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {117--138},
  topic = {sign-language;gesture-recognition;Arabic-language;}  
  } 

@article{ jarrett:1998a,
  author = {Greg Jarrett},
  title = {Review of {\em {L}anguage Thought and Consciousness:
  	An Essay in Philosophical Psychology}, by {P}eter {C}arruthers},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {2},
  pages = {315--317},
  xref = {Review of carruthers:1996a.},
  topic = {language-of-thought;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ jarvella-klein:1982a,
  editor = {Robert J. Jarvella and Wolfgang Klein},
  title = {Speech, Place, and Action: Studies in Deixis and Related
  	Topics},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1982},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0471100455},
  topic = {demonstratives;deixis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ jarvie:2000a,
  author = {I.C. Jarvie},
  title = {Review of {\it Culture: The Anthropologist's Account}, by
  	{A}dam {K}uper},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {540--546},
  xref = {Review of: kuper:1999a.},
  topic = {cultural-anthropology;philosophy-of-social-science;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jaspars:1993a,
  author = {Jan O.M. Jaspars},
  title = {Logical Omniscience and Inconsistent Belief},
  booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  editor = {Maarten de Rijke},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {129--146},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jaspars-kameyama:1998a,
  author = {Jan Jaspars and Megumi Kameyama},
  title = {Discourse Preferences and Dynamic Logic},
  booktitle = {Computing Natural Language},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl},
  pages = {67--96},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;modal-logic;model-preference;
  	discourse-reasoning;anaphora;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jaspars-koller:1999a,
  author = {Jan Jaspars and Alexander Koller},
  title = {A Calculus for Direct Deduction with Dominance Effects},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {145--150},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {semantic-underspecification;}  
  } 

@article{ jaszczolt:1998a,
  author = {Katarzyna M. Jaszczolt},
  title = {Discourse about Beliefs},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--28},
  topic = {belief;discourse-referents;discourse-representation-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ jaszczolt:1999a,
  author = {Katarzyna M. Jaszczolt},
  title = {Discourse: Beliefs and Intentions: Semantic Defaults
  	and Propositional Attitude Reports},
  publisher = {Elservier},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0-08-043060-0},
  topic = {pragmatics;propositional-attitudes;}  
 } 

@book{ jaszczolt:2000a,
  editor = {Katarzyna M. Jaszczolt},
  title = {The Pragmatics of Propositional Attitude Reports},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0080436358},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. K.M. Jaszczolt, "Belief Reports and Pragmatic Theory: The
     		State of the Art"
     2. S. Schiffer, "Propositional Attitudes in Direct-Reference
     		Semantics"
     3. P. Ludlow, "Interpreted Logical Forms, Belief Attribution,
     		and The Dynamic Lexicon"
     4. L.  Clapp, "Beyond Sense and Reference: An Alternative
     		Response to the Problem of Opacity"
     5. M.J. Cresswell, "How Do We Know What {G}alileo Said?
     6. K. Bach, "A Puzzle about Belief Reports"
     7. K. Bach, "Do Belief Reports Report Beliefs?"
     8. A. Bezuidenhout, "Attitude Ascriptions, Context and
     		Interpretive resemblance"
     9. K.M. Jaszczolt, "The Default-Based Context-Dependence of
     		Belief Reports"
    10. D.W. Smith, "The Background of Propositional Attitudes and
    		Reports Thereof"
  } ,
  topic = {propositional-attitude-reports;}  
 } 

@article{ jauregui-etal:2001a,
  author = {Victor Jauregui and Maurice Pagnucco and Norman Y. Foo},
  title = {A Trajectory Approach to Causality},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {385--401},
  topic = {action-formalisms;ramification-problem;causality;}  
  } 

@book{ jayez:1988a,
  author = {Jacques Jayez},
  title = {L'inference en Langue Naturel: Le Probl\'eme des Connecteurs;
	Repr/'esentation et Calcul},
  publisher = {Herm\'es},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Paris},
  topic = {nl-as-kr;}  
 } 

@incollection{ jayez:1995a,
  author = {Jacques Jayez},
  title = {Introducing {L}ex{L}og},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {399--425},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jayez-rossari:1998a,
  author = {Jacques Jayez and Corinne Rossari},
  title = {Discourse Relations Versus Discourse Marker Relations},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {72--78},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jayez-godard:1999a,
  author = {Jacques Jayez and Dani\'ele Godard},
  title = {True to Facts},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {151--156},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {(counter)factive-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ jeavons-cooper_mc:1996a,
  author = {Peter G. Jeavons and Martin C. Cooper},
  title = {Tractable Constraints on Ordered Domains},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {79},
  number = {2},
  pages = {327--339},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Finding solutions to a constraint satisfaction problem is known
     to be an NP-complete problem in general, but may be tractable in
     cases where either the set of allowed constraints or the graph
     structure is restricted.  In this paper we identify a restricted
     set of contraints which gives rise to a class of tractable
     problems.  This class generalizes the notion of a Horn formula
     in propositional logic to larger domain sizes.  We give a
     polynomial time algorithm for solving such problems, and prove
     that the class of problems generated by any larger set of
     constraints is NP-complete.},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;complexity-in-AI;Horn-theories;}  
  } 

@article{ jeavons-etal:1998a,
  author = {Peter Jeavons and David Cohen and Martin C. Cooper},
  title = {Constraints, Consistency and Closure},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {101},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {251--265},
  topic = {reasoning-about-consistency;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jefferson:1972a,
  author = {G. Jefferson},
  title = {Side Sequences},
  booktitle = {Studies in Social Interaction},
  publisher = {The Free Press},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {D. Sudnow},
  pages = {294--338},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name.},
  topic = {conversation-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ jefferson:1974a,
  author = {G. Jefferson},
  title = {Error-Correction as an Interactional Resource},
  journal = {Language in Society},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {181--200},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {conversation-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jefferson:1978a,
  author = {G. Jefferson},
  title = {Sequential Aspects of Story-Telling in Conversation},
  booktitle = {Studies in the Organization of Conversational
  	Interaction},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {J. Schenkein},
  pages = {219--248},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {conversation-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jefferson:1984a,
  author = {G. Jefferson},
  title = {Stepwise Transitions out of Topic},
  booktitle = {Structures of Social Action},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {J.M. Atkinson and J. Heritage},
  address = {Cambridge},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages, date is a guess.},
  topic = {conversation-analysis;}  
  } 

@book{ jeffrey:1965a,
  author = {Richard C. Jeffrey},
  title = {The Logic of Decision},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1965},
  address = {New York},
  edition = {1},
  xref = {Later edition: jeffrey:1983a.},
  xref = {Review: schick:1967a.  Correction: jeffrey:1967a.},
  title = {Solving the Problem of Measurement: A Correction},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {64},
  number = {12},
  pages = {400--401},
  xref = {Correction to jeffrey:1965a.},
  topic = {decision-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jeffrey:1970a,
  author = {Richard C. Jeffrey},
  title = {Dracula Meets Wolfman: Acceptance Vs. Partial Belief},
  booktitle = {Induction, Acceptance, and Rational Belief},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1970},
  editor = {Marshall Swain},
  pages = {157--185},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;belief;}  
  } 

@article{ jeffrey:1977a,
  author = {Richard C. Jeffrey},
  title = {A Note on the Kinematics of Preference},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {135--141},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {decision-theory;preference-dynamics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jeffrey:1977b,
  author = {Richard C. Jeffrey},
  title = {Coming True},
  booktitle = {Intention and Intentionality},
  publisher = {Harvester Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Cora Diamond and Jenny Teichman},
  pages = {251--260},
  address = {Brighton, England},
  acontenttnote = {Abstract: A semantics for the modal operator "I"
          ("Ineluctably") in application to nonindexical statements p
          which can lack truth value until such time as they come
          true or come false, so that, e.g., if neither p nor -p has
          yet come true, pv-p has neither truth value, although
          i(pv-p) is true.  Conditionals, and Aristotle's sea battle,
          are considered.  } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-time;future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ jeffrey:1979a,
  author = {Richard L. Jeffrey},
  title = {Choice, Chance, and Credence},
  year = {1979},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.},
  topic = {confirmation-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ jeffrey:1982a,
  author = {Richard Jeffrey},
  title = {The Sure Thing Principle},
  booktitle = {{PSA} 1982: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 2},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {Peter D. Asquith and Thomas Nickles},
  pages = {719--730},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  address = {East Lansing, Michigan},
  topic = {decision-theory;dominance;}  
  } 

@book{ jeffrey:1983a,
  author = {Richard C. Jeffrey},
  title = {The Logic of Decision},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Chicago},
  edition = {2},
  topic = {decision-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ jeffrey:1991a,
  author = {Richard C. Jeffrey},
  title = {Matter of Fact Conditionals},
  journal = {Aristotelian {S}ociety, Supplementary Series},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {65},
  pages = {161--183},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ jeffrey:1992a,
  author = {Richard C. Jeffrey},
  title = {Probability and the Art of Judgment},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521394597},
  topic = {foundatiuons-of-probability;decision-theory;
  	foundations-of-statistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ jeffrey:1992b,
  author = {Richard Jeffrey},
  title = {Probable Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Probability and the Art of Judgment},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Richard Jeffrey},
  pages = {30--43},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {knowledge;probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jeffrey:1992c,
  author = {Richard Jeffrey},
  title = {Valuation and Acceptance of Scientific Hypotheses},
  booktitle = {Probability and the Art of Judgment},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Richard Jeffrey},
  pages = {14--29},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {confirmation-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ jeffrey:1993a,
  author = {Richard Jeffrey},
  title = {Causality in the Logic of Decision},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {139--151},
  topic = {causal-decision-theory;Newcomb-problem;}  
  } 

@article{ jelasity-dombi:1998a,
  author = {M\'ark Jelasity and J\'osef Dombi},
  title = {{GAS}, A Concept on Modeling Species in Genetic
		Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {99},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--19},
  topic = {genetic-algorithms;}  
  } 

@book{ jelinek:1997a,
  author = {Frederick Jelinek},
  title = {Statistical Methods for Speech Recognition},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: neufeld:1999a},
  topic = {speech-recognition;nl-statistics;hidden-Markov-models;}  
 } 

@incollection{ jelinek_e:1985a,
  author = {Eloise Jelinek},
  title = {Quantification in {S}traits {S}alish},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {487--540},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;Salish-language;}  
  } 

@article{ jenkins:1979a,
  author = {Lyle Jenkins},
  title = {The Genetics of Language},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {105--119},
  topic = {foundations-of-syntax;foundations-of-universal-grammar;
  	language-universals;}  
  } 

@book{ jenkins_l:1972a,
  author = {Lyle Jenkins},
  title = {Modality in {E}nglish Syntax},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1972},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {modal-auxiliaries;}  
 } 

@article{ jennings_nr:1995a,
  author = {Nicholas R. Jennings},
  title = {Controlling Cooperative Problem Solving in Industrial
  	Multi-Agent Systems Using Joint Intentions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {75},
  number = {2},
  pages = {195--240},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     One reason why Distributed AI (DAI) technology has been deployed
     in relatively few real-size applications is that it lacks a
     clear and implementable model of cooperative problem solving
     which specifies how agents should operate and interact in
     complex, dynamic and unpredictable environments.  As a
     consequence of the experience gained whilst building a number of
     DAI systems for industrial applications, a new principled model
     of cooperation has been developed.  This model, called Joint
     Responsibility, has the notion of joint intentions at its core.
     It specifies pre-conditions which must be attained before
     collaboration can commence and prescribes how individuals should
     behave both when joint activity is progressing satisfactorily
     and also when it runs into difficulty.  The theoretical model has
     been used to guide the implementation of a general-purpose
     cooperation framework and the qualitative and quantitative
     benefits of this implementation have been assessed through a
     series of comparative experiments in the real-world domain of
     electricity transportation management.  Finally, the success of
     the approach of building a system with an explicit and grounded
     representation of cooperative problem solving is used to outline
     a proposal for the next generation of multi-agent systems.},
  topic = {task-allocation;multiagent-systems;distributed-computing;}  
  } 

@book{ jennings_nr-wooldridge:1998a,
  editor = {Nicholas R. Jennings and Michael J. Wooldridge},
  title = {Agent Technology: Foundations, Applications, and Markets},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540635912 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {multi-agent-systems;artificial-societies;}  
 } 

@article{ jennings_nr:2000a,
  author = {Nicholas R. Jennings},
  title = {On Agent-Based Software Engineering},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {117},
  number = {2},
  pages = {277--296},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Agent-based computing represents an exciting new synthesis both
     for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and, more generally, Computer
     Science.  It has the potential to significantly improve the
     theory and the practice of modeling, designing, and implementing
     computer systems.  Yet, to date, there has been little systematic
     analysis of what makes the agent-based approach such an
     appealing and powerful computational model.  Moreover, even less
     effort has been devoted to discussing the inherent disadvantages
     that stem from adopting an agent-oriented view.  Here both sets
     of issues are explored.  The standpoint of this analysis is the
     role of agent-based software in solving complex, real-world
     problems.  In particular, it will be argued that the development
     of robust and scalable software systems requires autonomous
     agents that can complete their objectives while situated in a
     dynamic and uncertain environment, that can engage in rich,
     high-level social interactions, and that can operate within
     flexible organisational structures. } ,
  topic = {multiagent-systems;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ jennings_re1:1974a,
  author = {Raymond E. Jennings},
  title = {Utilitarian Semantics for Deontic Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {445--456},
  contentnote = {Uses AE theory of set preference.},
  topic = {decision-theory;qualitative-utility;deontic-logic;preferences;}  
  } 

@article{ jennings_re1-etal:1981a,
  author = {Raymond E. Jennings and Peter K. Schotch and D.K. Johnston},
  title = {The n-adic First-Order Undefinability of the{G}each Formula},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {22},
  number = {4},
  pages = {375--378},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ jennings_re1:1985a,
  author = {Raymond E. Jennings},
  title = {Can There be a Natural Deontic Logic},
  journal = {Synt\`hese},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {65},
  pages = {257--274},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {decision-theory;qualitative-utility;}  
  } 

@book{ jennings_re1:1994a,
  author = {Raymond E. Jennings},
  title = {The Geneology of Disjunction},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: adams_ew:1998a.},
  topic = {disjunction;disjunction-in-nl;}  
 } 

@article{ jennings_re2:1981a,
  author = {Roy E. Jennings},
  title = {A Note of the Axiomatization of {B}rouwersche Modal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {341--343},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ jensen-etal:1993a,
  author = {Karen Jensen and George E. Heidorn and Stephen D. Richardson},
  title = {Natural Language Processing: The {PLNLP} Approach},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792392795 (acid-free paper)},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Alexis Manaster Ramer, "Towards transductive linguistics" 
     2. Karen Jensen , "{PEG}: The {PLNLP} {E}nglish Grammar"
     3. Geogre Heidorn, "Experience with an Easily Computed 
     		Metric for Ranking Alternative Parses"
     4. Karen Jensen et al., "Parse Fitting and Prose Fixing"
     5. Yael Ravin, "Grammar Errors and Style Weaknesses in a
     		Text-Critiquing System"
     6. Stephen Richardson and Lisa Braden-Harder, "The Experience of 
     		Developing a Large-Scale Natural Language Processing
		System: Critique"
     7. Taijiro Tsutsumi, "A Prototype {E}nglish-{J}apanese Machine
     		Translation System"
     8.  Diana Santos, "Broad-Coverage Machine Translation"
     9.  Judith Klavans, Martin Chodorow, and Nina Wacholder, "Building 
     		a Knowledge Base from Parsed Definitions"
    10.  Jean-Louis Binot and Karen Jensen, "A Semantic Expert Using
    		an Online Standard Dictionary"
  } ,
  topic = {nl-processing;}  
 } 

@book{ jensen_ej-horvitz:1996a,
  editor = {Eric J. Horvitz and F. Jensen},
  title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence.  Proceedings of
  	the Twelfth Conference (1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
 } 

@incollection{ jensen_hs:1991a,
  author = {Hans Siggard Jensen},
  title = {Extension and Intension in Anaphora Resolution},
  booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and
  	Discourse},
  publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Harold L. Somers},
  pages = {57--62},
  address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway},
  topic = {anaphora;anaphora-resolution;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jensen_hs:1991b,
  author = {Hans Sigurd Jensen},
  title = {Formal and Cognitive Semantics},
  booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and
  	Discourse},
  publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Harold L. Somers},
  pages = {116--120},
  address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jensen_k:1981a,
  author = {Karen Jensen},
  title = {A Broad-Coverage Natural Language Analysis System},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  pages = {261--276},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ jeroslaw:1975a,
  author = {Robert G. Jeroslaw},
  title = {Experimental Logics and $\Delta^0_2$ Theories},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {253--267},
  topic = {experimental-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ jervell:2002a,
  author = {Herman Ruge Jervell},
  title = {Review of ``The Complexity of Linear Logic with 
  	Weakening,'', by {A}lisdair {U}rquhart},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {100--101},
  xref = {Review of: urquhart:2000a.},
  topic = {linear-logic;proof-theory;complexity-theory;} 
  } 

@article{ jeske:1993a,
  author = {Diane Jeske},
  title = {Persons, Compensation, and Utilitarianism},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {102},
  number = {4},
  pages = {541--575},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
  } 

@book{ jespersen:1938a,
  author = {Otto Jespersen},
  title = {Growth and Structure of the {E}nglish Language},
  edition = {10},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1938},
  address = {Chicago},
  note = {With a foreword by Randolph Quirk.},
  ISBN = {0226398773 (pbk.)},
  topic = {English-language;}  
 } 

@book{ jespersen:1961a,
  author = {Otto Jespersen},
  title = {A Modern {E}nglish Grammar on Historical Principles},
  publisher = {John Dickens and Company},
  year = {1961},
  address = {Northampton, England},
  note = {Seven Volumes.  (This work was originally published in 1909.)},
  topic = {descriptive-grammar;English-language;
  	linguistics-classic;}  
 } 

@book{ jespersen:1965a,
  author = {Otto Jespersen},
  title = {The Philosophy of Grammar},
  publisher = {W.W.~Norton},
  year = {1965},
  address = {New York},
  note = {(This work was originally published in 1924.)},
  topic = {nl-semantics;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ jian-shi:1999a,
  author = {Wenpin Jian and Ziongzhi Shi},
  title = {Formalizing Agent's Attitudes with Polyadic
  	$\pi$-Calculus},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Practical Reasoning and Rationality},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {John Bell},
  pages = {21--27},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {agent-attitudes;polyadic-pi-calculus;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jiang_yj:1994a,
  author = {Yuejun J. Jiang},
  title = {On Multiagent Autoepistemic Logic---An Exospectrive View},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {317--328},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;autoepistemic-logic;multiagent-epistemic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ jimenez-torres:2000a,
  author = {P. Jimenez and C. Torres},
  title = {An Efficient Algorithm for Searching Implicit {AND/OR} 
  	Graphs with Cycles},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {124},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--30},
  topic = {search;graph-based-reasoning;and/or-graphs ;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jing:1998a,
  author = {Hongyan Jing},
  title = {Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Generation},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {128--134},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@article{ jo-etal:2000a,
  author = {Geun-Sik Jo and Jong-Jin Jung and Jo-Hoon Koo and
  	Sang-Ho Hyu},
  title = {Ramp Activity Expert System for Scheduling and Coordination
  	at an Airport},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {75--83},
  topic = {expert-systems;scheduling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ johansson:2000a,
  author = {Christer Johansson},
  title = {A Context Sensitive Maximum Likelihood Approach to
  	Chunking},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {139--141},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;text-chunking;}  
  } 

@incollection{ john:1996a,
  author = {Bonnie E. John},
  title = {Task Matters},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {313--324},
  topic = {HCI;}  
  } 

@book{ johnslewis:1986a,
  editor = {Catherine Johns-Lewis},
  title = {Intonation in Discourse},
  publisher = {Croom Helm},
  year = {1986},
  address = {London},
  topic = {intonation;discourse;}  
} 

@article{ johnson_b:1989a,
  author = {Bruce Johnson},
  title = {Is Vague Identity Incoherent?},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {49},
  pages = {103--112},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@article{ johnson_c:2001a,
  author = {Christopher Johnson},
  title = {Review of {\it Pattern Grammar: A Corpus-Driven Approach
  	to the Lexical Grammar of {E}nglish}, by {S}usan {H}unston and
	{G}ill {F}rancis},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {318--320},
  xref = {Review of: francis:2000a.},
  topic = {descriptive-grammar;corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ johnson_d-erneling:1997a,
  editor = {David Johnson and Christina Erneling},
  title = {The Future of the Cognitive Revolution},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {cognitive-science-general;}  
 } 

@article{ johnson_de-moss:1994a,
  author = {David E. Johnson and Lawrence S. Moss},
  title = {Grammar Formalisms Viewed as Evolving Algebras},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {6},
  pages = {537--560},
  topic = {semantics-of-programming-languages;evolving-algebras;
  	grammar-formalisms;}  
  } 

@article{ johnson_de-lappin:1997a,
  author = {David E. Johnson and Shalom Lappin},
  title = {A Critique of the Minimalist Program},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {273--333},
  topic = {syntactic-minimalism;}  
  } 

@article{ johnson_de-moss:1997a,
  author = {David E. Johnson and Lawrence S. Moss},
  title = {Introduction},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {6},
  pages = {571--574},
  contentnote = {Introduction to a special issue on mathematics
		of language.},
  topic = {mathematical-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ johnson_de-lappin:1999a,
  author = {David E. Johnson and Shalom Lappin},
  title = {Local Constraints Vs. Economy},
  publisher = {Center for Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {1575861836},
  topic = {nl-syntax;grammar-formalisms;minimalist-syntax;
  	constraint-based-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ johnson_f:1994a,
  author = {Fred Johnson},
  title = {Syllogisms with Fractional Quantifiers},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {4},
  pages = {401--422},
  topic = {fractional-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ johnson_f:1997a,
  author = {Fred Johnson},
  title = {Extended {G}ergonne Syllogisms},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {553--567},
  topic = {syllogistic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ johnson_m-klein:1986a,
  author = {Mark Johnson and Ewan Klein},
  title = {Discourse, Anaphora, and Parsing},
  institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  number = {CSLI--86--63},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {anaphora;nl-interpretation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ johnson_m:1987a,
  author = {Mark Johnson},
  title = {The Use of Knowledge of Language},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, M.I.T.},
  topic = {parsing-as-deduction;competence;} 
  } 

@book{ johnson_m:1988a,
  author = {Mark Johnson},
  title = {Attribute-Value Logic and the Theory of Grammar},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {feature-structure-logic;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ johnson_m:1990a,
  author = {Mark Johnson},
  Title = {Expressing Disjunctive and Negative Feature Constraints
  	With Classical First-Order Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th Meeting of the Association for
  	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1990},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  missinginfo = {Editor, pages, address},
  topic = {feature-structure-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ johnson_m:1993a,
  author = {Mark Johnson},
  title = {Moral Imagination: Implications of Cognitive Science
  	for Ethics},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;ethics;}  
 } 

@article{ johnson_m:1994a,
  author = {Mark Johnson},
  title = {Two Ways of Formalizing Grammars},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {3},
  pages = {221--248},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;definite-clause-grammars;
  	feature-structure-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ johnson_m:1998a,
  author = {Mark Johnson},
  title = {{PCFG} Models of Linguistic Tree Represenations},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {613--632},
  topic = {probabilistic-algorithms;
	probabilistic-context-free-grammars;}  
  } 

@incollection{ johnson_m:1998b,
  author = {Mark Johnson},
  title = {The Effect of Alternative Tree Representations
     		on Tree Bank Grammars},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in 
  	Language Processing and Computational Natural Language
	Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {David M.W. Powers},
  pages = {39--48},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-annotation;grammar-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ johnson_m:1999a,
  author = {Mark Johnson},
  title = {A Resource Sensitive Interpretation of Lexical
  	Functional Grammar},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {45--81},
  topic = {LFG;feature-structures;unification-grammars;
  		multimodal-logic;substructural-logics;grammar-logics;}  
  } 

@book{ johnson_mr:1980a,
  author = {Marion R. Johnson},
  title = {Ergativity in {I}nuktitut (Eskimo), in {M}ontague Grammar
		and in Relational Grammar},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {ergativity;Inuit-language;Montague-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ johnson_p-backstrom:1998a,
  author = {Peter Johnson and Christer B\"ackstr\"om},
  title = {State-Variable Planning under Structural Restrictions:
  	Algorithms and Complexity},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {100},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {125--176},
  topic = {planning;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ johnson_r-lugner:1994a,
  author = {R. Johnson and R. Lugner},
  title = {{UD}, Yet Another Unification Device},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {525--534},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {unification;}  
  } 

@article{ johnson_rw:1986a,
  author = {Rodney W. Johnson},
  title = {Independence and {B}ayesian Updating Methods},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {29},
  number = {2},
  pages = {217--222},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@article{ johnson_wl:1990a,
  author = {W. Lewis Johnson},
  title = {Understanding and Debugging Novice Programs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {42},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--97},
  topic = {intelligent-tutoring;novice-misunderstandings;}  
  } 

@article{ johnson_wl:1991a,
  author = {W. Lewis Johnson},
  title = {Review of {\em Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Lessons
  	Learned} by {J}. {P}sotka, {L}.{D}. {M}assey and {S}.{A}. {M}utter},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {48},
  number = {1},
  pages = {125--134},
  topic = {intelligent-tutoring;}  
  } 

@book{ johnsonlaird-wason:1977a,
  editor = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird and Peter C. Wason},
  title = {Thinking: Readings in Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521217563 (hardcover), 0521292670 (pbk.)},
  topic = {cognitive-science-general;} 	
 } 

@article{ johnsonlaird-garnham:1980a,
  author = {Phillip N. Johnson-Laird and A. Garnham},
  title = {Descriptions and Discourse Models},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {371--393},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;mental-models;}  
  } 

@incollection{ johnsonlaird:1981a,
  author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird},
  title = {Mental Models of Meaning},
  booktitle = {Elements of Discourse Understanding},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Bonnie Webber and Ivan Sag},
  pages = {106--126},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-semantics;mental-models;}  
  } 

@article{ johnsonlaird:1982a,
  author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird},
  title = {Procedural Semantics},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {189--214},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {procedural-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ johnsonlaird:1982b,
  author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird},
  title = {Formal Semantics and the Psychology of Meaning},
  booktitle = {Processes, Beliefs, and Questions},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {Stanley Peters and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {1--68},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-semantics-and-cognition;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ johnsonlaird:1983a,
  author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird},
  title = {Models of Conditionals},
  year = {1983},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, MRC Applied Psychology Unit,
  	Cambridge, England.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ johnsonlaird:1983b,
  author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird},
  title = {Mental Models: Towards a Cognitve Science of
  	Language},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {mental-models;}  
 } 

@incollection{ johnsonlaird:1985a,
  author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird},
  title = {Reasoning without Logic},
  booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle},
  pages = {13--49},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {mental-models;common-sense-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ johnsonlaird:1986a,
  author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird},
  title = {Conditionals and Mental Models},
  booktitle = {On Conditionals},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly},
  pages = {55--76},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {conditionals;logic-and-cognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ johnsonlaird:1989a,
  author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird},
  title = {Mental Models},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {12},
  pages = {469--499},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {mental-models;}  
  } 

@book{ johnsonlaird-byrne:1991a,
  author = {Phillip N. Johnson-Laird and Ruth M. J. Byrne},
  title = {Deduction},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0863771483},
  topic = {psychology-of-deduction;}  
 } 

@article{ johnsonlaird-oatley:1992a,
  author = {P. N. Johnson-Laird and Keith Oatley},
  title = {Basic Emotions, Rationality, and Folk Theory},
  journal = {Cognition and Emotion},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3/4},
  pages = {201--223},
  year = {1992},
  topic = {emotion;folk-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ johnsonlaird:1993a,
  author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird},
  title = {Human and Machine Thinking},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {080580921X},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ johnsonlaird:1996a,
  author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird},
  title = {The Process of Deduction},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {363--399},
  topic = {deductive-reasoning;cognitive-psychology;mental-models;}  
  } 

@article{ johnston_m1:1988a,
  author = {Mark Johnston},
  title = {The End of the Theory of Meaning},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {28--42},
  xref = {Discussion of schiffer:1987a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ johnston_m1:1989a,
  author = {Mark Johnston},
  title = {Fission and the Facts},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {369--397},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {common-sense;personal-identity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ johnston_m1:1993a,
  author = {Mark Johnston},
  title = {Verificationism as Philosophical Narcissism},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {307--330},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {verificationalism;philosophical-realism;}  
  } 

@article{ johnston_m1:1997a,
  author = {Mark Johnston},
  title = {Manifest Kinds},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {11},
  pages = {564--583},
  topic = {natural-kinds;identity;individuation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ johnston_m2-etal:1997a,
  author = {Michael Johnston and Philip R. Cohen and David McGee
  	and Sharon L. Oviatt and James A. Pittman and Ira Smith},
  title = {Unification-Based Multimodal Integration},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {281--288},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;multimodal-communication;}  
 } 

@book{ johnstone:1994a,
  editor = {Barbara Johnstone},
  title = {Repetition in Discourse: Interdisciplinary Perspectives},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  year = {1994},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ jokinen:1995a,
  author = {Kristina Jokinen},
  title = {Rationality in Constructive Dialogue Management},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Michael Fehling},
  pages = {89--93},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {communications-modeling;agent-modeling;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ jokinen:1996a,
  author = {Kristina Jokinen},
  title = {Rationality in Constructive Dialogue Management},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Naval Institute of Science and
  	Technology, Ikoma.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.  Published in some workshop?},
  topic = {rationality;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jokinen-etal:1998a,
  author = {Kristina Jokinen and Hideki Tanaka and Akio Yokoo},
  title = {Planning Dialogue Contributions with New Information},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {158--167},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;old/new-information;}  
  } 

@article{ jones_a-porn:1985a,
  author = {Andrew Jones and Ingmar P\"orn},
  title = {Ideality, Sub-Ideality and Deontic Logic},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  volume = {65},
  pages = {275--290},
  year = {1985},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
    } 

@incollection{ jones_aji:1986a,
  author = {Andrew J.I. Jones},
  title = {Toward a Formal Theory of Communication and Speech Acts},
  booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky},
  pages = {141--160},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  contentnote = {Influence from Dretske.  Formalization involves deontic,
  	epistemic logic.  It might be useful to compare this with Halpern's
	approach to communication.},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ jones_b:1994a,
  author = {Bernard Jones},
  title = {Exploring the Role of Punctuation in Parsing Natural
		  Language},
  pages = {421--425},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of {COLING} '94},
   address = {Kyoto, Japan},
  year = {1994},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@techreport{ jones_b:1994b,
  author = {Bernard Jones},
  title = {Can Punctuation Help Parsing?},
  institution = {Cambridge University Computer Laboratory},
  year = {1994},
  type = {Acquilex-II Working Paper},
  address = {Cambridge, UK},
  number = {29},
  topic = {punctuation;parsing-algorithms;}  
} 

@book{ jones_c-sells:1984a,
  editor = {C. Jones and Peter Sells},
  title = {{NELS 14}: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference of the
  	{N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  publisher = {GLSA Publications},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications:
  	http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.},
  topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ jones_gw:1990a,
  author = {Gregory W. Jones},
  title = {Software Engineering},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0471608823},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@incollection{ jones_j-millington:1988a,
  author = {John Jones and Mark Millington},
  title = {Modeling {U}nix Users with an Assumption-Based Truth
  	Maintenance System: Some Preliminary Results},
  booktitle = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Barbara Smith and Gerald Kelleher},
  pages = {134--154},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;
  	user-modeling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jones_ks:1989a,
  author = {Karen {Sparck Jones}},
  title = {Realism about User Modeling},
  booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag, Symbolic Computaion Series},
  pages = {341--363},
  note = {Also available as Technical Report 111, University of
  	Cambridge Computer Laboratory.},
  topic = {user-modeling;}  
} 

@techreport{ jones_ks:1989b,
  author = {Karen {Sparck Jones}},
  title = {Tailoring Output to the User: What Does User Modeling in
  	Generation Mean?},
  institution = {University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory},
  number = {158},
  year = {1989},
  topic = {nl-generation;user-modeling;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ jones_ks:1990a,
  author = {Karen Sparck Jones},
  title = {What's in a User?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  pages = {1140--1141},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {user-modeling;} 
  } 

@incollection{ jones_ks:1994a,
  author = {Karen Sparck Jones},
  title = {Natural Language Processing: A Historical Review},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of Don Walker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {3--16},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {This is a useful overview.},
  topic = {nlp-survey;nlp-history;}  
  } 

@book{ jones_ks-galliers:1995a,
  author = {Karen Sparck Jones and Julia R. Galliers},
  title = {Evaluating Natural Language Processing
  	Systems: An Analysis and a Review},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Berlin},
  xref = {Review: walter:1998a, wilks:1999a.},
  topic = {nlp-evaluation;}  
 } 

@article{ jones_ks:1999a,
  author = {Karen Sparck Jones},
  title = {Information Retrieval and Artificial Intelligence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {114},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {257--281},
  topic = {information-retrieval;text-summarization;}  
  } 

@book{ jones_na:1997a,
  author = {Neil A. Jones},
  title = {Computability and Complexity from a Programming Perspective},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {complexity-theory;art-of-programming;}  
 } 

@incollection{ jonker:1993a,
  author = {Catholijn Jonker},
  title = {Cautious Backtracking in Truth Maintenance Systems},
  booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  editor = {Maarten de Rijke},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {147--173},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;belief-revision;backtracking;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ jonssen_a:1995a,
  author = {Arne J\"onssen},
  title = {Dialogue Actions for Natural Language Interfaces},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1405--1411},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {discourse-management;pragmatics;nl-interfaces;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jonsson_ak-ginsberg_ml:1996a,
  author = {Ari K. J\"onsson and Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {Procedural Reasoning in Constraint Satisfaction},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {160--171},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;search;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jonsson_p-etal:1996a,
  author = {Peter Jonsson and Thomas Drakengren and Christer B\"ackstr\"om},
  title = {Tractable Subclasses of the Point-Interval Algebra: A Complete
     Classification},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {352--363},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-complexity-analysis;tractable-logics;
  	interval-algebras;}  
  } 

@article{ jonsson_p-backstrom:1998a,
  author = {Peter Jonsson and Christer B\"ackstr\"om},
  title = {State-Variable Planning under Structural Restrictions:
  	Algorithms and Complexity},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {100},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {125--176},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Computationally tractable planning problems reported in the
     literature so far have almost exclusively been defined by
     syntactical restrictions.  To better exploit the inherent
     structure in problems, it is probably necessary to study also
     structural restrictions on the underlying state-transition
     graph.  The exponential size of this graph, though, makes such
     restrictions costly to test.  Hence, we propose an intermediate
     approach, using a state-variable model for planning and defining
     restrictions on the separate state-transition graphs for each
     state variable.  We identify such restrictions which can
     tractably be tested and we present a planning algorithm which is
     correct and runs in polynomial time under these restrictions.
     The algorithm has been implemented and it outperforms Graphplan
     on a number of test instances.  In addition, we present an
     exhaustive map of the complexity results for planning under all
     combinations of four previously studied syntactical restrictions
     and our five new structural restrictions.  This complexity map
     considers both the optimal and non-optimal plan generation
     problem.},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ jonsson_p-backstrom:1998b,
  author = {Peter Jonsson and Christer B\"ackstr\"om},
  title = {A Unifying Approach to Temporal Constraint Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {102},
  number = {1},
  pages = {143--155},
  topic = {constraint-propagation;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ jonsson_p-etal:1999a,
  author = {Peter Jonsson and Thomas Drakengren and Christer
  	B\"ackstr\"om},
  title = {Computatuonal Complexity of Relating Time Points
  	with Intervals},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {109},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {273--295},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;kr-complexity-analysis;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ jonsson_p-etal:2000a,
  author = {Peter Jonsson and Patrik Haslum and Christer
  	B\"ackstr\"om},
  title = {Towards Efficient Universal Planning: A Randomized
  	Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {117},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--29},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     One of the most widespread approaches to reactive planning is
     Schoppers' universal plans.  We propose a stricter definition of
     universal plans which guarantees a weak notion of soundness, not
     present in the original definition, and isolate three different
     types of completeness that capture different behaviors exhibited
     by universal plans.  We show that universal plans which run in
     polynomial time and are of polynomial size cannot satisfy even
     the weakest type of completeness unless the polynomial hierarchy
     collapses.  By relaxing either the polynomial time or the
     polynomial space requirement, the construction of universal
     plans satisfying the strongest type of completeness becomes
     trivial.  As an alternative approach, we study randomized
     universal planning.  By considering a randomized version of
     completeness and a restricted (but nontrivial) class of
     problems, we show that there exists randomized universal plans
     running in polynomial time and using polynomial space which are
     sound and complete for the restricted class of problems.  We also
     report experimental results on this approach to planning,
     showing that the performance of a randomized planner is not
     easily compared to that of a deterministic planner.},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;complexity-in-AI;reactive-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ joos:1958a,
  author = {Martin Joos},
  title = {Semology: A Linguistic Theory of Meaning},
  journal = {Studies in Linguistics},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {53--70},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ joos:1972a,
  author = {Martin Joos},
  title = {Semantic Axiom Number One},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {48},
  pages = {257--265},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jordan_mi-rosenbaum:1989a,
  author = {Michael I. Jordan and David A. Rosenbaum},
  title = {Action},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {18},
  pages = {727--767},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {motor-skills;cognitive-psychology;action;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ jordan_pw-dieugenio:1993a,
 author = {Pamela Jordan and Barbara Di Eugenio},
 title = {Control and Initiative in Collaborative Problem Solving
		Dialogues},
 booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Computational Models for Mixed Initiative},
 year = {199?},
 organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
 address = {Menlo Park, CA},
 missinginfo = {pages},
 topic = {discourse;discourse-initiative;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ jordan_pw-thomason_rh:1995a,
  author = {Pamela Jordan and Richmond Thomason},
  title = {Empirical Methods in Discourse: Limits and Prospects},
  booktitle = {1995 Workshop on Emipirical Methods in Discourse},
  year = {1995},
  organization = {AAAI},
  topic = {discourse;discourse-simulation;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ jordan_pw:1996a,
  author = {Pamela W. Jordan},
  title = {Using Terminological Knowledge Representation Languages to
  	Manage Linguistic Resources},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {366--371},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;computational-lexicography;verb-classes;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ jordan_pw-thomason_rh:1996a,
  author = {Pamela Jordan and Richmond Thomason},
  title = {Refining the Categories of Miscommunication},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {AAAI} Workshop on Detecting,
     Repairing, and Preventing Human-Machine Miscommunication},
  year = {1996},
  organization = {AAAI},
  topic = {discourse;miscommunication;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ jordan_pw-walker_ma:1996a,
  author =  {Pamela W. Jordan and Marilyn A. Walker},
  title = {Deciding to Remind During Collaborative Problem Solving:
  	Empirical Evidence for Agent Strategies},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {16--23},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address =  {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse-planning;limited-attention;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ jorgensen-etal:1984a,
  author = {J. Jorgensen and G.A. Miller and Dan Sperber},
  title = {Test of the Mention Theory of Irony},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: General},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {113},
  number = {1},
  pages = {112--120},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {irony;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ jorgensen:1996a,
  author = {J. Jorgensen},
  title = {The Functions of Sarcastic Irony in Speech},
  journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {613--634},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {irony;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ josephson_jr-etal:1987a,
  author = {John R. Josephson and B. Chandrasekaran and J. W. Smith
  	and M. C. Tanner},
  title = {A Mechanism for Forming Composite Explanatory Hypotheses},
  journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Systems, Man and Cyberbetics},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {445--454},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ josephson_jr:1990a,
  author = {John R. Josephson},
  title = {On the `Logical Form' of Abduction},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Spring Symposium on Automated
  	Deduction},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {P. O'Rorke},
  pages = {140--144},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@techreport{ josephson_jr:1990b,
  author = {John R. Josephson},
  title = {Spoken Language Understanding as Layered Abductive
  	Inference},
  institution = {The Ohio State University},
  year = {1990b},
  address = {Columbus, Ohio},
  note = {{LAIR} Technical Report.},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {abduction;speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@book{ josephson_jr-josephson_sg:1994a,
  editor = {John R. Josephson and Susan G. Josephson},
  title = {Abductive Inference: Computation, Philosophy, Technology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  isbn = {0521434610},
  topic = {abduction;}  
 } 

@article{ joshi-etal:1975a,
  author = {Arivind Joshi, L. Levy and M. Takahasihi},
  title = {Tree Adjunct Grammars},
  journal = {Journal of Computer and System Sciences},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {136--63},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {TAG-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ joshi-levy:1977a,
  author = {Arivind Joshi and Leon S. Levy},
  title = {Constraints on Structural Descriptions: Local Transformations},
  journal = {SIAM J. Comput.},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {272--284},
  missinginfo = {Full j name},
  topic = {formal-language-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ joshi-kuhn:1979a,
  author = {Arivind Joshi and Steve Kuhn},
  title = {Centered Logic: The Role of Entity Centered Sentence
  	Representation in Natural Language Inferencing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Bruce Buchanan},
  pages = {435--439},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {anaphora;discourse;centering;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ joshi-weinstein:1979a,
  author = {Arivind K. Joshi and Scott Weinstein},
  title = {Control of Inference: Role of Some Aspects of Discourse
  	Structure---Centering},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Patrick J. Hayes},
  pages = {385--387},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {anaphora;discourse;centering;}  
 } 

@book{ joshi-etal:1981a,
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Bonnie Webber and Ivan Sag},
  title = {Elements of Discourse Understanding},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521233275},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ joshi:1982a,
  author = {Arivind Joshi},
  title = {Mutual Beliefs in Question-Answer Systems},
  booktitle = {Mutual Knowledge},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {N.V. Smith},
  pages = {181--197},
  address = {London},
  topic = {mutual-belief;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ joshi-etal:1984a,
  author = {Aravind Joshi and Bonnie Lynn Webber and Ralph M. Weischedel},
  title = {Living up to Expectations: Computing Expert Responses},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {editor,pages},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;discourse;implicature;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ joshi:1985b,
  author = {Arivind Joshi},
  title = {Processing of Sentences with Intra-Sentential Code-Switching},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer and
  	Information Science, University of Pennsylvania.},
  topic = {code-switching;}  
  } 

@incollection{ joshi:1987a,
  author = {Aravind K. Joshi},
  title = {The Relevance of Tree Adjoining Grammar to Generation},
  booktitle = {Natural Language Generation: New Results in Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Gerard Kempen},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  note = {Also available as Technical Report MS-CIS-87-16, Computer and
  	Information Science, University of Pennsylvania.},
  topic = {nl-generation;TAG-grammar;}  
} 

@incollection{ joshi:1987b,
  author = {Arivind Joshi},
  title = {An Introduction to Tree Adjoining Grammars},
  booktitle = {Mathematics of Language},
  publisher = {John Benjamins},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Alexis Manaster-Ramer},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {TAG-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ joshi:1994a,
  author = {Aravind K. Joshi},
  title = {Some Recent Trends in Natural Language Processing},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {491--501},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {nlp-survey;parsing-algorithms;parsing-complexity;
  	grammar-formalisms;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@article{ joshi-kulick:1997a,
  author = {Arivind K. Joshi and Seth Kulick},
  title = {Partial Proof Trees as Building Blocks for a
		Categorial Grammar},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {6},
  pages = {637--667},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ joshi-kulick:1997b,
  author = {Aravind K. Joshi and Seth Kulick},
  title = {Partial Proof Trees, Resource Sensitive Logics, and
  	Constraints},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {21--42},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ joshi-weinstein:1997a,
  author = {Arivind Joshi and Scott Weinstein},
  title = {Formal Systems for Complexity and Control of Discourse: A
  	Reprise and Some Hints},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {31--38},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;centering;}  
  } 

@article{ joshi:1998a,
  author = {Arivind K. Joshi},
  title = {Role of Constrained Computational Systems in
  	Natural Language Processing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {117--132},
  topic = {TAG-grammar;centering;finite-state-nlp;}  
  } 

@article{ joshi:1998b,
  author = {Arivind Joshi},
  title = {Relationship between Natural Language Processing and {AI}:
  	Role of Constrained Formal-Computational Systems},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {95--107},
  topic = {nlp-survey;TAG-grammar;finite-state-nlp;}  
  } 

@incollection{ joshi-etal:1999a,
  author = {Arivind K. Joshi and Seth Kulick and Natasha
	Kurtonina},
  title = {Semantic Composition for Partial Proof Trees},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {157--162},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nl-semantics;higher-order-logic;hybrid-modal-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ joskowicz-sacks:1991a,
  author = {Leo Joskowicz and Elisha P. Sacks},
  title = {Computational Kinematics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {381--416},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@article{ joslin-roach:1989a,
  author = {David Joslin and John Roach},
  title = {A Theoretical Analysis of Conjunctive-Goal Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {41},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--106},
  topic = {planning;conjunctive-goals;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ joslin:1996a,
  author = {David Joslin},
  title = {Passive and Active Decision Postponement in Plan
  	Generation},
  school = {Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh},
  year = {1996},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {planning;planning-systems;constraint-satisfaction;}  
 } 

@book{ joyce:1999a,
  author = {James M. Joyce},
  title = {The Foundations of Causal Decision Theory},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Reviews: levi:2000a, janusz:2001a.},
  topic = {causal-decision-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ joyce:2000a,
  author = {James M. Joyce},
  title = {Why We Still Need the Logic of Decision},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S1--S13},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ joyve:1998a,
  author = {Jame Joyve},
  title = {A Nonpragmatic Vindication of Probabilism},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {65},
  pages = {575--603},
  xref = {Commentary: maher:2002a},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;} 
  } 

@book{ juarrero:1999a,
  author = {Alicia Juarrero},
  title = {Dynamics in Action: Intentional Behavior as a Complex
  	System},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: khalidi:2001a.},
  topic = {action;intention;nonlinear-systems;emergence;} 
 } 

@book{ jubien:1993a,
  author = {Michael Jubien},
  title = {Ontology, Modality, and the Fallacy of Reference},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review of: sidner_t:1999a.},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;essentialism;reference;}  
 } 

@incollection{ jubien:1993b,
  author = {Michael Jubien},
  title = {Proper Names},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {487--504},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {semantics-of-proper-names;proper-names;reference;
  	identity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jucker:1992a,
  author = {Andreas H. Jucker},
  title = {Conversation: Structure or Process},
  booktitle = {(On) {S}earle on Conversation},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Herman Parret and Jef Verschueren},
  pages = {76--90},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ juettner-rentschler:2001a,
  author = {Martin Juettner and Ingo Rentschler},
  title = {Context Dependency of Pattern-Category Learning},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {210--220},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@book{ juffs:1996a,
  author = {Alan Juffs},
  title = {Learnability and the Lexicon},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {L1-language-learning;L2-language-learning;universal-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ juhl:1995a,
  author = {Cory Juhl},
  title = {Is {G}old-{P}utnam Diagonalization Complete?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {117--138},
  topic = {induction;}  
  } 

@article{ junghanns-schaeffer:2001a,
  author = {Andreas Junghanns and Jonathan Schaeffer},
  title = {Sokoban: Enhancing General Single-Agent Search Methods
  	Using Domain Knowledge},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {129},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {218--251},
  topic = {search;iterative-deepening;A*-algorithm;}  
  } 

@incollection{ junker-brewka:1991a,
  author = {Ulrich Junker and Gerd Brewka},
  title = {Handling Partially Ordered Defaults in {TMS}},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {211--218},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@book{ junqua-vannoord:2001a,
  editor = {Jean-Claude Junqua and Gertjan van Noord},
  title = {Robustness in Language and Speech Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-7923-6790-1},
  xref = {Review: carroll:2001a.},
  topic = {nlp-technology;} 
 } 

@incollection{ juola:1998a,
  author = {Patrick Juola},
  title = {Cross-Entropy and Linguistic Typology},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {141--149},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {historical-linguistics;linguistic-typology;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@incollection{ jurafsky-etal:1998a,
  author = {Daniel Jurafsky and Elizabeth Shriberg and Barbara Fox
		and Traci Curl},
  title = {Lexical, Prosodic, and Syntactic Cues for Dialog Acts},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {114--120},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;prosody;}  
  } 

@book{ jurafsky-martin_j:2000a,
  author = {Daniel Jurafsky and James H. Martin},
  title = {Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to
  	Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics,
	and Speech Recognition},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0130950696},
  xref = {Review: teller:2000a.},
  topic = {nlp-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ jurius-swart:2001a,
  author = {Herman Jurius and Harrie de Swart},
  title = {Implication with Possible Exceptions},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {66},
  number = {2},
  pages = {517--535},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;}  
  } 

@article{ jussien-lhomme:2002a,
  author = {Narendra Jussien and Olivier Lhomme},
  title = {Local Search with Constant Propagation and Conflict-Based
  	Heuristics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {139},
  number = {1},
  pages = {21--45},
  topic = {search;conflict-resolution;constraint-propagation;} 
  } 

@incollection{ just-etal:1996a,
  author = {Marcel Adam Just and Patricia A. Carpenter and Darold D.
  	Hemphill},
  title = {Constraints on Processing Capacity:  Architectural or
  	Implementational?},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {141--178},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ justice:2001a,
  author = {John Justice},
  title = {On Sense and Reflexivity},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {98},
  number = {7},
  pages = {351--378},
  topic = {proper-names;intensionality;sense-reference;}  
  } 

@article{ kabanza-etal:1997a,
  author = {F. Kabanza and M. Barbeau and R. St-Denis},
  title = {Planning Control Rules for Reactive Agents},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {95},
  number = {1},
  pages = {67--113},
  topic = {planning;reactive-planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kac:1976a,
  author = {Michael B. Kac},
  title = {Hypothetical Constructs in Syntax},
  booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Jessica R. Wirth},
  pages = {49--83},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ kadane-etal:1999a,
  author = {Joseph B. Kadane and Mark J. Schervish and Teddy
  	Seidenfeld},
  title = {Rethinking the Foundations of Statistics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {foundations-of-statistics;Bayesian-statistics;}  
 } 

@article{ kadesch:1986a,
  author = {R.R. Kadesch},
  title = {Subjective Inference with Multiple Evidence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {28},
  number = {3},
  pages = {333--341},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The analysis of a number of pieces of evidence supporting a
     single hypothesis is undertaken within a Bayesian framework. A
     new relevance definition is introduced that takes advantage of
     the linear relationship existing between the posterior
     probability of the hypothesis and that of a single piece of
     evidence.  Two different simplifying assumptions lead to
     expressions for the posterior probability of the hypothesis
     based on revised probabilities of all the evidence. The first
     assumption is one of mutual independence of each piece of
     evidence from all other evidence. The second assumption is one
     of independence of the relevance of each piece of evidence to
     the hypothesis from the probabilities of the remaining evidence.
     Most important, expressions for upper bounds on the input
     relevances are given that guarantee the consistency of the
     resulting posterior for the hypothesis.},
  topic = {relevance;Bayesian-reasoning;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ kadmon:1988a1,
  author = {Nirit Kadmon},
  title = {On Unique and Non-Unique Reference and Asymmetric
  		Quantification},
  school = {Linguistics Department, University of Massachusetts
  		at Amherst},
  year = {1988},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Book publication: kadmon:1988a2.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;reference;anaphora;}  
 } 

@book{ kadmon:1988a2,
  author = {Nirit Kadmon},
  title = {On Unique and Non-Unique Reference and Asymmetric
	Quantification},
  publisher = {Garland Publishing Company},
  year = {1988},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Dissertation: kadmon:1988a1.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;reference;anaphora;}  
 } 

@article{ kadmon:1990a,
  author = {Nirit Kadmon},
  title = {Uniqueness},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {273--324},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;anaphora;uniqueness;donkey-anaphora;
  	definiteness;sloppy-identity;}  
  } 

@article{ kadmon-landman:1993a,
  author = {Nirit Kadmon and Fred Landman},
  title = {Any},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {4},
  pages = {353--422},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;polarity;}  
  } 

@book{ kadmon:2001a,
  author = {Nirit Kadmon},
  title = {Formal Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-631-20120-3 (pbk)},
  topic = {pragmatics;definiteness;indefiniteness;
  	discourse-representation-theory;presupposition;focus;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kaebling:1987b,
  author = {Leslie Kaebling},
  title = {An Architecture for Intelligent Reactive Systems},
  booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans, Proceedings of the 1986
   Workshop at Timberline, Oregon},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  pages = {395--410},
  year = {1987},
  topic = {reactive-planning;}  
 } 

@article{ kaebling-etal:1998a,
  author = {Leslie Pack Kaebling and Michael L. Littman and
  	Anthony R. Cassandra},
  title = {Planning and Acting in Partially Observable Stochastic
  	Domains},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {101},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {99--134},
  topic = {planning;uncertainty-in-AI;Markov-decision-processes;}  
  } 

@article{ kaelbling-rosenschein_sj:1990a,
  author = {Leslie Kaelbling and Stanley J. Rosenschein},
  title = {Action and Planning in Embedded Agents},
  journal = {Robotics and Autonomous Systems},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {35--48},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {cognitive-robotics;}  
    } 

@book{ kager:1999a,
  author = {Ren\'e Kager},
  title = {Optimality Theory},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0-521-58980-0},
  xref = {Review: eisner:2000a.},
  topic = {optimality-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ kagiromano:1977a,
  author = {U. K\"agi-Romano},
  title = {Quantum Logic and Generalized Probability Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {455--462},
  topic = {quantum-logic;probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kahle:1999a,
  author = {Reinhard Kahle},
  title = {A Proof Theoretic View of Intensionality},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {163--168},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {proof-theory-intensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ kahle:2001a,
  author = {Reinhard Kahle},
  title = {Truth in Applicative Theories},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {103--128},
  topic = {truth;Frege-structures;}  
  } 

@article{ kahn_ch:1966a,
  author = {Charles H. Kahn},
  title = {The {G}reek Verb `to Be' and the Concept of Being},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {245--265},
  topic = {ancient-philosophy;philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@article{ kahn_k-gorry:1977a,
  author = {Kenneth Kahn and G. Anthony Gorry},
  title = {Mechanizing Temporal Knowledge},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--108},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The importance that an understanding of time plays in many
     problem-solving situations requires that intelligent programs be
     equipped with extensive temporal knowledge.  This paper discusses
     one route to that goal, namely the construction of a time
     specialist, a program knowledgable about time in general which
     can be used by a higher level program to deal with the temporal
     aspects of its problem-solving.  Some examples are given of such
     a use of a time specialist.  The principal issues addressed in
     this paper are how the time specialist organizes statements
     involving temporal references, checks them for consistency, and
     uses them in answering questions.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ kahneman-tversky:1979a,
  author = {Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky},
  title = {Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk},
  journal = {Econometrica},
  volume = {47},
  pages = {263--291},
  year = {1979},
  topic = {decision-making;practical-reasoning;risk;}  
    } 

@unpublished{ kahneman-etal:1984a,
  author = {Daniel Kahneman and R. Beyth-Marom and Z. Lanir},
  title = {Probabilistic Forecasting as Decision-{AID}},
  year = {1984},
  note = {Working Paper, The Hebrew University.},
  topic = {decision-making;}  
  } 

@article{ kahneman-lovallo:1993a,
  author = {Daniel Kahneman and D. Lovallo},
  title = {Timid Choices and Bold Forecasts: A Cognitive Perspective
  	on Risk Taking},
  journal = {Management Science},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {17--31},
  topic = {risk;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kahrel-etal:1997a,
  author = {Peter Kahrel and Ruthanna Barnet and Geoffrey Leech},
  title = {Towards Cross-Linguistic Standards or Guidelines for the
		Annotation of Corpora},
  booktitle = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  pages = {231--242},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;}  
  } 

@article{ kaiser:2000a,
  author = {Ed Kaiser},
  title = {Review of {\it Extended Finite State Models of Language},
  	by {A}ndr\'as {K}ornai},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {282--285},
  xref = {Review of: kornai:1999a.},
  topic = {finite-state-nlp;}  
  } 

@book{ kajler:1998a,
  editor = {N. Kajler},
  title = {Computer-Human Interaction in Symbolic Computation},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Wien},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Alan Wexelblat, "Research Challenges in Gesture: Open
		Issues and Unsolved Problems"
	2. Alistair D.N. Edwards, "Progress in Sign Language Recognition"
	3. Sotaro Kita and Ingeborg van Gijn and and Harry van der
		Hulst, "Movement Phases in Signs and Co-Speech
		Gestures, and Their Transcription by Human Coders"
	4. Axel Kramer, "Classifying Two Dimensional Gestures in
		Interactive Systems"
	5. Shuichi Nobe et al., "Are Listeners Paying Attention to
		the Hand Gestures of an Anthropomorphic Agent?  An
		Evaluation Using a Gaze Tracking Method"
	6. Monica Bordegoni and Franco De Angelis, "High Performance
		Real-Time Gesture Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models"
	7. Gerhard Rigoll and Andreas Kosmala and Stefan
		Eickeler, "Gesture-Based and Haptic Interaction for
		Human Skill Acquisition"
       10. Frank G. Hofmann and Peter Heyer and Günter
       		Hommel, "Velocity Profile Based Recognition of
		Dynamic Gestures with Discrete Hidden {M}arkov Models"
       11. Marcell Assan and Kirsti Grobel, "Video-Based Sign
       		Language Recognition Using Hidden {M}arkov Models"
       12. Sylvie Gibet et al., "Corpus of 3D Natural Movements
       		and Sign Language Primitives of Movement"
       13. Karin Husballe Munk and Erik Granum, "On the Use of
       		Context and a Priori Knowledge in Motion Analysis for
		Visual Gesture Recognition"
       14. Hermann Hienz and Kirsti Grobel, "Automatic estimation of
       		Body Regions from Video Images"
       15. Frank Godenschweger, Thomas Strothotte, and Hubert
       		Wagener, "Rendering Gestures as Line Drawings"
       16. Karen McKenzie Mills and James L. Alty, "Investigating the
       		Role of Redundancy in Multimodal Input Systems"
       17. Martin Fröhlich and Ipke Wachsmuth, "Gesture Recognition
       		of the Upper Limbs: from Signal to Symbol"
       18. Marc Erich Latoschik and Ipke Wachsmuth, "Exploiting
       		Distant Pointing Gestures for Object Selection in a
		Virtual Environment"
       19. Caroline Hummels, Gerda Smets, and Kees Overbeeke, "An
       		Intuitive Two-Handed Gestural Interface for Computer
		Supported Product Design"
       20. Claudia Nölker and Helge Ritter, "Detection of Fingertips
       		in Human Hand Movement Sequences"
       21. Hans-Joachim Boehme et al., "Neural Architecture for
       		Gesture-Based Human-Machine-Interaction"
       22. Jochen Triesch and Christoph von der Malsburg, "Robotic
       		Gesture Recognition"
       23. Axel Christian Varchmin, Robert Rae, and Helge
       		Ritter, "Image Based Recognition of Gaze Direction
		Using Adaptive Methods"
       24. Shan Lu et al., "Towards a Dialogue System Based on
       		Recognition and Synthesis of {J}apanese Sign Language"
       25. Hideaki Matsuo et al., "The Recognition Algorithm
       		with Non-Contact for {J}apanese Sign Language Using
		Morphological Analysis"
       21. Markus Kohler, "Special Topics of Gesture Recognition Applied in
       		Intelligent Home Environments"
       21. Morten Fjeld and Martin Bichsel and Matthias
       		Rauterberg, "{BUILD-IT}: An Intuitive Design Tool
		Based on Direct Object Manipulation"
   } ,
  ISBN = {3211828435 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ kakas-mancarella:1990a,
  author = {Antonis C. Kakas and P. Mancarella},
  title = {Database Updates Through Abduction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth {VLKB} Conference},
  year = {1990},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor, correct title, publisher, address},
  topic = {abduction;database-update;}  
  } 

@article{ kakas-etal:1992a,
  author = {Antonis C. Kakas and Robert A. Kowalski and F. Toni},
  title = {Abductive Logic programming},
  journal = {Logic and Computation},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {719--770},
  topic = {abduction;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kakas-miller_r:1998a,
  author = {Antonis Kakas and Rob Miller},
  title = {Reasoning about Actions, Events, and Causality},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  year = {1998},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  pages = {13--23},
  topic = {causality;temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms;
	actions;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
 } 

@book{ kalawsky:1993a,
  author = {Roy S. Kalawsky},
  title = {The Science of Virtual Reality and Virtual Environments:
  	A Technical, Scientific and Engineering Reference on Virtual
	Environments},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201631717},
  topic = {virtual-reality;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kalinski:1991a,
  author = {J\"urgen Kalinski},
  title = {Autoepistemic Expansions with Incomplete Belief Introspection},
  booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt},
  pages = {223--243},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ kalita-lee:1997a,
  author = {Jugal K. Kalita and Joel C. Lee},
  title = {An Informal Semantic Analysis of Motion Verbs Based
  	on Physical Primitives},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--125},
  topic = {nl-semantics;spatial-semantics;semantic-primitives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kallmeyer-joshi:1999a,
  author = {Laura Kallmeyer and Aravind Joshi},
  title = {Factoring Predicate Argument and Scope Semantics:
	Underspecified Semantics with {LTAG}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
	of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {169--174},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {TAG-grammar;semantic-underspecification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kallstrom:1977a,
  author = {Roger K\"allstr\"om},
  title = {Agreement Rules for {S}wedish Noun Phrases},
  booktitle = {Logic, Pragmatics, and Grammar},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {\"Osten Dahl},
  address = {G\"oteborg},
  publisher = {Department of Linguistics, University of G\"oteberg},
  missinginfo = {publisher,   pages 267--?},
  topic = {inflection;Swedish-language;}  
  } 

@book{ kalman:2001a,
  author = {John Arnold Kalman},
  title = {Automated Reasoning with {O}tter},
  publisher = {Rinton Press},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  note = {Foreword by Larry Wos},
  xref = {Review: myers_d:2002a.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;computer-assisted-mathematics;} 
 } 

@techreport{ kaluzhny-lehmann:1994a,
  author = {Yuri Kaluzhny and Daniel Lehmann},
  title = {Deductive Nonmonotonic Inference Operations: Antitonic
  	Representations},
  institution = {Leibniz Center for Research in Computer Science,
  	The Hebrew University of Jerusalem},
  number = {TR 94--3},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Jerusalem 91904, Israel},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kamaradine:1995a,
  author = {Fairouz Kamareddine},
  title = {Are Types Needed for Natural Language?},
  booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why?  Logical Approaches to
       Natural Language},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {79--120},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {polymorphism;nl-semantic-types;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ kamareddine:1992a,
  author = {Farouz Kamareddine},
  title = {$\lambda$-Terms, Logic, Determiners and Quantifiers},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {79--103},
  topic = {untyped-lambda-calculus;nl-quantifiers;property-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ kamareddine-klein:1993a,
  author = {Fairouz Kamareddine and Ewan Klein},
  title = {Nominalization, Predication and Type Containment},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {171--215},
  topic = {nl-semantic-types;polymorphism;higher-order-logic;
  	Russell-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ kamareddine:1995a,
  author = {Fairouz Kamareddine},
  title = {A Type Free Theory and Collective/Distributive Predication},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {85--109},
  topic = {nl-semantic-types;polymorphism;plural;}  
  } 

@article{ kamareddine-laan:2001a,
  author = {Fairouz Kamareddine and Twan Laan},
  title = {A Correspondence between {M}artin-L\"of Type Theory,
  	the Ramified Theory of Types and Pure Type Systems},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {375--402},
  topic = {type-theory;ramified-type-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kamayama:1997a,
  author = {Megumi Kamayama},
  title = {Intrasentential Centering: A Case Study},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {89--112},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;centering;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kambertel:1979a,
  author = {Friedrich Kambertel},
  title = {Constructive Pragmatics and Semantics},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {195--205},
  topic = {pragmatics;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ kambhampati-hendler:1992a,
  author = {Subbaro Kambhampati and James Hendler},
  title = {A Validation Structure-Based Theory of Plan Modification
  	and Reuse},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {55},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {193--258},
  topic = {planning;plan-reuse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kambhampati:1994a,
  author = {Subbarao Kambhampati},
  title = {Refinement Search as a Unifying Framework for Analyzing
  	Planning Algorithms},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {329--340},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;search;planning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ kambhampati:1994b,
  author = {Subbarao Kambhampati},
  title = {Multi-Contributor Causal Structures for Planning: A
  	Formalization and Evaluation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {235--278},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Explicit causal structure representations have been widely used
     in classical planning systems to guide a variety of aspects of
     planning, including plan generation, modification and
     generalization.  For the most part, these representations were
     limited to single-contributor causal structures.  Although widely
     used, single-contributor causal structures have several
     limitations in handling partially ordered and partially
     instantiated plans.  Specifically they are (i) incapable of
     exploiting redundancy in the plan causal structure and (ii)
     force premature commitment to individual contributors thereby
     causing unnecessary backtracking.  In this paper, we study
     multi-contributor causal structures as a way of overcoming these
     limitations.  We will provide a general formulation for
     multi-contributor causal links, and explore the properties of
     several special classes of this formulation.  We will then
     describe two planning algorithms-MP and MP-I-that use
     multi-contributor causal links to organize their search for
     plans.  We will describe empirical studies demonstrating the
     advantages of MP and MP-I over planners that use single
     contributor causal structures, and argue that they strike a more
     favorable balance in the tradeoff between search space
     redundancy and premature commitment to contributors.  Finally, we
     will present a framework for justifying plans with respect to
     multi-contributor causal structures and describe its
     applications in plan modification and generalization.},
  topic = {causality;planning;planning-algorithms;proof-reuse;}  
  } 

@article{ kambhampati-kedar:1994c,
  author = {Subbarao Kambhampati and Smadar Kedar},
  title = {A Unified Framework for Explanation-Based Generalization
  	of Partially Ordered and Partially Instantiated Plans},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--70},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Most previous work in explanation-based generalization (EBG) of
     plans dealt with totally ordered plans.  These methods cannot be
     directly applied to generalizing partially ordered partially
     instantiated plans, a class of plans that have received
     significant attention in planning.  In this paper we present a
     natural way of extending the explanation-based generalization
     methods to partially ordered partially instantiated (POPI)
     plans.  Our development is based on modal truth criteria for POPI
     plans [3].  We develop explanation structures from these truth
     criteria, and use them as a common basis to derive a variety of
     generalization algorithms.  Specifically we present algorithms
     for precondition generalization, order generalization, and
     possible correctness generalization of POPI plans.  The
     systematic derivation of the generalization algorithms from the
     modal truth criterion obviates the need for carrying out a
     separate formal proof of correctness of the EBG algorithms.  Our
     development also systematically explicates the tradeoffs among
     the spectrum of possible generalizations for POPI plans, and
     provides an empirical demonstration of the relative utility of
     EBG in partial ordering, as opposed to total ordering, planning
     frameworks. } ,
  topic = {partial-order-planning;explanation-based-generalization;}  
  } 

@article{ kambhampati-etal:1995a,
  author = {Subbarao Kambhampati and Craig A. Knoblock and Qiang Yang},
  title = {Planning as Refinement Search: A Unified Framework for
  	Evaluating Design Tradeoffs in Partial-Order Planning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {167--238},
  topic = {planning;search;partial-order-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ kambhampati-etal:1996a,
  author = {Subbarao Kambhampati and Suresh Katukam and Yong Qu},
  title = {Failure Driven Dynamic Search Control for Partial Order
  	Planners: An Explanation Based Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {88},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {253--315},
  topic = {planning;search;}  
  } 

@article{ kambhampati-etal:1996b,
  author = {Subbarao Kambhampati and Suresh Katukam and Yong Qu},
  title = {Failure Driven Dynamic Search Control for Partial Order
  	Planners: An Explanation Based Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {88},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {253--315},
  topic = {search;procedural-control;partial-order-planning;
  	planning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ kambhampati-nau:1996a,
  author = {Subbaro Kambhampati and Dana S. Nau},
  title = {On the Nature and Role of Modal Truth Criteria in Planning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {82},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {129--155},
  topic = {planning;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kambhampati-yang:1996a,
  author = {Subbarao Kambhampati and Xiuping Yang},
  title = {On the Role of Disjunctive Representations and Constraint
  	Propagation in Refinement Planning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {135--146},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {planning;search;constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@article{ kambhampati:1998a,
  author = {Subbarao Kambhampati},
  title = {On the Relations between Intelligent Backtracking
  	and Failure-Driven Explanation-Based Learning in Constraint
	Satisfaction and Planning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {161--208},
  topic = {explanation-based-learning;backtracking;
  	planning-algorithms;constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kameyama:1991a,
  author = {Megumi Kameyama},
  title = {Atomization in Grammar Sharing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1988},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages},
  topic = {comparative-grammar;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ kameyama:1991b,
  author = {Megumi Kameyama},
  title = {Resolving Translation Mismatches with Information Flow},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Robert C. Berwick},
  pages = {193--200},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {abduction;machine-translation;information-flow-theory;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ kameyama:1997a,
  author = {Megumi Kameyama},
  title = {Resolving Translation Mismatches with Contextual Inference},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {96--98},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;abduction;machine-translation;}  
  } 

@article{ kamide:2002a,
  author = {Noriko Kamide},
  title = {Substructural Logics with Mingle},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {227--249},
  topic = {substructural-logics;proof-theory;} 
  } 

@article{ kaminski:1995a,
  author = {Michael Kaminski},
  title = {A Comparative Study of Open Default Theories},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {77},
  number = {2},
  pages = {285--319},
  contentnote = {How to get the effect of quantified defaults.},
  topic = {default-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kaminski-etal:1996a,
  author = {Michael Kaminski and Johann A. Makowsky and Michael L. 
    	  Tiomkin},
  title = {Extensions for Open Default Theories via the
	  Domain Closure Assumption},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop,
  	{Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3,
	1996.},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska},
  pages = {373--387},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {default-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ kaminski:1997a,
  author = {Michael Kaminski},
  title = {The Elimination of {\it De Re} Formulas},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {4},
  pages = {411--422},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;singular-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ kaminski:1997b,
  author = {Michael Kaminski},
  title = {A Note on the Stable Model Semantics for Logic Programs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {96},
  number = {2},
  pages = {467--479},
  topic = {stable-models;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kamio:1979a,
  author = {Akio Kamio},
  title = {On the Notion {\it Speaker's Territory of Information}:
  	a Functional Analysis of Certain Sentence-Final Forms
	in {J}apanese},
  booktitle = {Explorations in Linguistics: Papers in Honor of
  	{K}azuko {I}noue},
  publisher = {Kenkyusha},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {George Bedell and Eichi Kobayashi and Masatake Muraki},
  pages = {213--231},
  address = {Tokyo},
  topic = {Japanese-language;pragmatics;;}  
  } 

@techreport{ kamp:1969a,
  author = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {Enthymemes},
  institution = {System Development Corporation},
  year = {1969},
  address = {Santa Monica},
  topic = {enthymemes;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kamp:1969b,
  author = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {Notes on Tense Logic},
  year = {1969},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Cornell University.},
  topic = {tense-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kamp:1970a,
  author = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {Two Related Theorems by {D.} {S}cott and {S.} {K}ripke},
  year = {1970},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of London.},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ kamp:1970b,
  author = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {On the Adequacy of Translations among Natural and Formal
  	Languages},
  institution = {System Development Corporation},
  year = {1970},
  address = {Santa Monica},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ kamp:1971a,
  author = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {Formal Properties of `Now'},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {37},
  pages = {227--273},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kamp:1973a,
  author = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {Quantification and Reference in Modal and Tense Logic},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University College, London.},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kamp:1974a,
  author = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {A Sketch for a Semantics of Higher-Order Vagueness},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of London.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ kamp:1974b,
  author = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {Free Choice Permission},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian {S}ociety},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {74},
  pages = {57--74},
  topic = {deontic-logic;permission;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kamp:1975a,
  author = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {Two Theories about Adjectives},
  booktitle = {Formal Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Edward L. Keenan},
  pages = {123--155},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-semantics;comparative-constructions;vagueness;context;
  	 adjectives;semantics-of-adjectives;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kamp:1976a,
  author = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {The Logic of Historical Necessity, Part {I}},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Bedford College, University of London.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {temporal-logic;branching-time;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kamp:1978b,
  author = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {Semantics Versus Pragmatics},
  booktitle = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt},
  pages = {255--287},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {This paper is about disjunctions in permission
  	contexts.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;deontic-logic;free-choice-`any/or';}  
  } 

@incollection{ kamp:1978c,
  author = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {The Adequacy of Translation Between Formal and Natural
  	Languages},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Translation: Philosophical and Logical
  	Approaches},
  publisher = {New York University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and Monica Guenthner-Reutter},
  pages = {275--306},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kamp:1979a,
  author = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {Events, Instants, and Temporal Reference},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {376--417},
  topic = {tense-aspect;events;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kamp:1981a,
  author = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {A Theory of Truth and Semantic Representation},
  booktitle = {Formal Methods in the Study of Language},
  publisher = {Foris},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Jeroen A. Groenendijk and Theo Janssen and Martin Stokhof},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;donkey-anaphora;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kamp:1981b,
  author = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {The Paradox of the Heap},
  booktitle = {Aspects of Philosophical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Uwe M\"onnich},
  pages = {225--277},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ kamp:1985a,
  author = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {Context, Thought and Communication},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1984/1985},
  volume = {85},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {239--261},
  topic = {context;anaphora;intentional-identity;}  
 } 

@techreport{ kamp:1986a,
  author = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {Reading, Writing, and Understanding (Comments on H. Sluga,
	``Philosophy as a Kind of Writing'')},
  institution = {Forschugsstelle f\"ur nat\"urlich-Sprachliche
		Systeme, Universit\"at T\"ubingen},
  year = {1986},
  address = {T\"ubingen},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kamp:1990a,
  author = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {Prolegomena to a Structural Account of Belief
  	and Other Attitudes},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Stuttgart.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a wild guess.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;syntactic-attitudes;}  
  } 

@book{ kamp:1990b,
  editor = {Hans Kamp},
  title = {Conditionals, Defaults, and Belief Revision},
  publisher = {Institut f\"ur maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung,
  		Universit\"at Stuttgart},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Dyana Deliverable R2.5.A.},
  address = {Stuttgart},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Michael Morreau, "Epistemic Semantics for Counterfactuals"
  	2. Frank Veltman, "Defaults in Update Semantics"
  	3. Hans Rott, "Updates, Conditionals, and Non-Monotonicity"
   } ,
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kamp:1991a,
  title = {On the Representation and Transmission of Information:
  	Sketch of a Theory of Verbal Communication Based on Discourse
	Representation Theory},
  author  = {Hans Kamp},
  booktitle = {Natural Language and Speech},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {E. Klein and F. Vellman},
  pages = {135--158},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;discourse-representation-theory;}  
} 

@book{ kamp-reyle:1993a,
  author = {Hans Kamp and Uwe Reyle},
  title = {From Discourse to Logic: Introduction to Modeltheoretic
  	Semantics in Natural Language, Formal Logic and Discourse
	Representation Theory, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Review: akman:1995b.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ kamp-reyle:1993b,
  author = {Hans Kamp and Uwe Reyle},
  title = {From Discourse to Logic: Introduction to Modeltheoretic
  	Semantics in Natural Language, Formal Logic and Discourse
	Representation Theory, Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ kamp-reyle:1994a,
  author = {Hans Kamp and Uwe Reyle},
  title = {A Calculus for First Order Discourse Representation
  	Structures},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {297--348},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ kamp-rossdeutscher:1994a,
  author = {Hans Kamp and Antje Rossdeutscher},
  title = {Remarks on Lexical Structure and DRS Construction},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2/3},
  pages = {97--164},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;lexical-semantics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ kamp-rossdeutscher:1994b,
  author = {Hans Kamp and Antje Rossdeutscher},
  title = {Remarks on Lexical Structure and DRS Construction},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2/3},
  pages = {167--236},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;nl-interpretation;presupposition;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ kamp-partee:1995a,
  author = {Hans Kamp and Barbara Partee},
  title = {Prototype Theory and Compositionality},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {57},
  number = {2},
  pages = {121--191},
  topic = {nl-semantics;compositionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kamphuis-sarbo:1998a,
  author = {Vera Kamphuis and Janos J. Sarbo},
  title = {Natural Language and Concept Analysis},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {205--214},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {constituent-structure;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kamps:1998a,
  author = {Jaap Kamps},
  title = {Formal Theory Building Using Automated Reasoning Tools},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {476--487},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;automated-scientific-discovery;
  	formalizations-of-social-science;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ kanade:1979a,
  author = {Takeo Kanade},
  title = {A Theory of Origami World},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {279--311},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The recovery of three-dimensional configurations of a scene from
     its image is one of the most important steps in computer vision.
     The Origami world is a model for understanding line drawings in
     terms of surfaces, and for finding their 3-D configurations.  It
     assumes that surfaces themselves can be stand-alone objects,
     unlike the conventional trihedral world which assumes solid
     objects.  We have established a labeling procedure for this
     Origami world, which can find the 3-D meaning of a given line
     drawing by assigning one of the labels, + (convex edge), -
     (concave edge), [<-], and [->] (occluding boundary) to each
     line.  The procedure uses a filtering procedure not only for
     junction labels as in the Waltz labeling for the trihedral
     world, but also for checking the consistency of surface
     orientations.  The theory includes the Huffman-Clowes labelings
     for the trihedral solid-object world as a subset.  This paper
     also reveals interesting relationships among previous research
     in polyhedral scene analysis.  } ,
  topic = {computer-vision;three-D-reconstruction;}  
  } 

@article{ kanade:1981a,
  author = {Takeo Kanade},
  title = {Recovery of the Three-Dimensional Shape of an Object from
  	a Single View},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {409--460},
  topic = {three-D-reconstruction;}  
  } 

@article{ kanade:1993a,
  author = {Takeo Kanade},
  title = {From a Real Chair to a Negative Chair},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {95--101},
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
  } 

@article{ kanamori:1996a,
  author = {Akihiro Kanamori},
  title = {The Mathematical Development of Set Theory from {C}antor
  	to {C}ohen},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--71},
  topic = {set-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ kanamori:1997a,
  author = {Akihiro Kanamori},
  title = {The Mathematical Import of {Z}ermelo's Well-Ordering
  	Theorem},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {281--311},
  topic = {set-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ kanamori:2001a,
  author = {Akihiro Kanamori},
  title = {Review of {\it Labyrinth of Thought.  A History of Set
  	Theory and Its Role in Modern Mathematics}, by {J}ose {F}erreir\'os},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {277--278},
  xref = {Review of: ferreiros:1999a},
  topic = {history-of-mathematics;set-theory;foundations-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ kanatani:1984a,
  author = {Ken-Ichi Kanatani},
  title = {Detection of Surface Orientation and Motion from Texture
  	by a Stereological Technique},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2},
  pages = {213--237},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A new approach is given to detect the surface orientation and
     motion from the texture on the surface by making use of a
     mathematical principle called `stereology'.  Information about
     the surface orientation is contained in `features' computed by
     scanning the image by parallel lines and counting the number of
     intersections with the curves of the texture.  A synthetic
     example is given to illustrate the technique.  This scheme can
     also detect surface motions relative to the viewer by computing
     features of its texture at one time and a short time later.  The
     motion is specified by explicit formulae of the computed
     features.},
  topic = {texture;motion-reconstruction;three-D-reconstruction;}  
  } 

@article{ kanatani-chou:1989a,
  author = {Ken-ichi Kanatani and Tsai-Chia Chou},
  title = {Shape from Texture: General Principle},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--48},
  topic = {texture;three-D-reconstruction;shape-recognition;}  
  } 

@techreport{ kanazawa:1991a,
  author = {Makoto Kanazawa},
  title = {The {L}ambek Calculus Enriched With Additional Connectives},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--91--04},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  xref = {Published as kanezawa:1992a.},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ kanazawa:1992a,
  author = {Makoto Kanazawa},
  title = {The {L}ambek Calculus Enriched With Additional Connectives},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {141--171},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@techreport{ kanazawa:1993a,
  author = {Makoto Kanazawa},
  title = {Dynamic Generalized Quantifiers and Monotonicity},
  institution = {Institute for {L}ogic, {L}anguage, and
  	{C}omputation, {U}niversity of {A}msterdam},
  number = {LP-93-02},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Anmsterdam},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ kanazawa:1994a,
  author = {Makoto Kanazawa},
  title = {Weak vs. Strong Readings of Donkey Sentences and
  	Monotonicity Inference in a Dynamic Setting},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {2},
  pages = {109--158},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;donkey-anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ kanazawa:1996a,
  author = {Makoto Kanazawa},
  title = {Identification in the Limit of Categorial Grammars},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {115--155},
  topic = {learning-theory;categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@book{ kanazawa-etal:1996a,
  editor = {Makoto Kanazawa and Christopher Pi\~n\'on and Henriette
  	de Swart},
  title = {Quantifiers, Deduction, and Context},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;context;}  
 } 

@article{ kanazawa:2001a,
  author = {Makoto Kanazawa},
  title = {Singular Donkey Sentences are Semantically Singular},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {383--403},
  topic = {donkey-anaphora;}  
  } 

@book{ kane:1985a,
  author = {Robert Kane},
  title = {Free Will and Values},
  publisher = {State University of New York Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Albany},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
 } 

@book{ kane:1996a,
  author = {Robert Kane},
  title = {The Significance of Free Will},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: ginet:1998a.},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
 } 

@article{ kane:1999a,
  author = {Robert Kane},
  title = {Responsibility, Luck, and Chance: Reflections on
  	Free Will and Indeterminism},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {5},
  pages = {217--240},
  topic = {(in)determinism;freedom;volition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kane:2000a,
  author = {Robert Kane},
  title = {The Dual Regress of Free Will and the Role
     		of Alternative Possibilities},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {57--79},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
  } 

@article{ kaneko:1999a,
  author = {Mamoru Kaneko},
  title = {Common Knowledge Logic and Game Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {64},
  number = {2},
  pages = {685--700},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-beliefs;game-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ kaneko-etal:2002a,
  author = {Mamoro Kaneko and Takashi Nagashima and Nobu-Yuki Suzuki
  	and Yoshihito Tanaka},
  title = {A Map of Common Knowledge Logics},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {71},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--86},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-beliefs;} 
  } 

@article{ kang:1988a,
  author = {Beom-Mo Kang},
  title = {Unbounded Reflexives},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {415--456},
  topic = {reflexive-constructions;nl-syntax;Korean-language;}  
  } 

@article{ kang:1995a,
  author = {Beom-Mo Kang},
  title = {On the Treatment of Complex Predicates in Categorial
  	Grammar},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {61--81},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ kanger:1957a,
  author = {Stig Kanger},
  title = {The Morning Star Paradox},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1957},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {1--11},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;intensionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kanger:1971a,
  author = {Stig Kanger},
  title = {New Foundations for Ethical Theory},
  booktitle = {Deontic Logic: Introductory and Systematic Readings},
  editor = {Risto Hilpinen},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  year = {1971},
  pages = {36--58},
  note = {(Published as a privately distributed pamphlet in 1957)},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
    } 

@article{ kanger:1972a,
  author = {Stig Kanger},
  title = {Law and logic},
  journal = {Theoria},
  volume = {38},
  pages = {105--132},
  year = {1972},
  topic = {logic-and-law;deontic-logic;}  
    } 

@book{ kanger-ohman:1981a,
  editor = {Stig Kanger and Sven \"Ohman},
  title = {Philosophy and Grammar: Papers on the Occasion of the
    Quincentennial of {U}ppsala {U}niversity},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. G.H. Von Wright, "Humanism and the humanities"
	2. W.V. Quine, "Grammar, truth, and logic"
	3. Dagfinn Follesdal, "Comments on {Q}uine"
	4. Jaakko Hintikka, "Theories of Truth and Learnable
		Languages"
	5. Barbara H. Partee, "Montague Grammar, Mental Representations,
		and Reality"
	6. David Lewis, "Index, Context, and Content"
	7. James D. McCawley, "Fuzzy Logic and Restricted Quantifiers"
       10. W. Admoni, "Die Semantische {S}truktur der Syntaktischen
       		{G}ebilde und die Semantischen {S}ysteme der
		{G}enerativisten"
       11. A. Naess, "The Empirical Semantics of Key Terms, Phrases,
       		and Sentences"
   } ,
  ISBN = {9027710910},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@article{ kant_e:1983a,
  author = {Elaine Kant},
  title = {On the Efficient Synthesis of Efficient Programs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {253--305},
  topic = {program-synthesis;}  
  } 

@book{ kant_i:1961a,
  author = {Immanuel Kant},
  title = {Critique of Pure Reason},
  publisher = {St. Martin's Press},
  year = {1961},
  address = {New York},
  note = {First published (in German), 1781.  Translated into
  	{E}nglish by Norman Kemp Smith.},
  topic = {philosophy-classics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kapitan:1994a,
  author = {Tomis Kapitan},
  title = {Exports and Imports: Anaphora in Attitudinal Ascriptions},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {273--292},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;anaphora;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kapitan:2000a,
  author = {Tomis Kapitan},
  title = {Autonomy and Manipulated Freedom},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {81--103},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
  } 

@article{ kaplan_ah-schubert:2000a,
  author = {Aaron N. Kaplan and Lenhart K. Schubert},
  title = {A Computational Model of Belief},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {120},
  number = {1},
  pages = {119--160},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;nonmonotonic-logic;
  	communication-models;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kaplan_an:1997a,
  author = {Aaron N. Kaplan},
  title = {Simulative Inference in a Computational Model of Belief},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	University of Rochester},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kaplan_an:1998a,
  author = {Aaron N. Kaplan},
  title = {Simulative Inference about Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {71--81},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;nonmonotonic-logic;
  	communication-models;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1966a,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {What is {R}ussell's Theory of Descriptions?},
  year = {1966},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, UCLA.},
  xref = {Publication: kaplan_d:1970a1.},
  topic = {Russell;definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1967a,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {Trans World Heir Lines},
  year = {1967},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, UCLA.},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;individuation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1967b,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {Individuals in Intensional Logics},
  year = {1967},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, UCLA.},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;individuation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1967c,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {Topics in Mathematical Logic},
  year = {1967},
  note = {Unpublished course description, Philosophy Department, UCLA.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1967d,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {Individuals in Intensional Logic},
  year = {1967},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, UCLA.},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;individuation;}  
  } 

@article{ kaplan_d:1968a,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {Review of `A Semantical Analysis of
  	Modal Logic {I}: Normal Modal Propositional Calculi'},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {120--122},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ kaplan_d:1969a1,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {Quantifying In},
  journal = {Synt\`hese},
  year = {1969},
  pages = {178--214},
  missinginfo = {volume,number},
  xref = {Republication: kaplan_d:1969a2.},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kaplan_d:1969a2,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {Quantifying In},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {160-- 181},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: kaplan_d:1969a1.},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kaplan_d:1970a1,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {What is {R}ussell's Theory of Descriptions?},
  booktitle = {Physics, Logic, and History},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1970},
  editor = {Wolfgang Yourgrau and Allen D. Beck},
  pages = {277--288},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Republication: kaplan_d:1970a2.},
  topic = {Russell;definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kaplan_d:1970a2,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {What is {R}ussell's Theory of Descriptions?},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {210--217},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: kaplan_d:1970a1.},
  topic = {Russell;definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1973a,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {Intensional Logic: April 4 (No. 1)},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished course material, Philosophy Department, UCLA.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1973b,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {Topics in Mathematical Logic: April 11},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished course material, Philosophy Department, UCLA.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ kaplan_d:1975a,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {How to {R}ussell a {F}rege-{C}hurch},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {72},
  number = {19},
  pages = {716--729},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;singular-propositions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kaplan_d:1975b,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {Significance and Analyticity: A Comment on Some
  	Recent Proposals of {C}arnap},
  booktitle = {Rudolph {C}arnap, Logical Empiricist},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  pages = {87--94},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {Carnap;analyticity;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1977a,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {Demonstratives},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished course description, Philosophy Department, UCLA.},
  topic = {indexicals;context;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1977b,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {Demonstratives},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, UCLA.},
  xref = {Publication: kaplan_d:1989a.},
  topic = {indexicals;context;}  
  } 

@article{ kaplan_d:1978a,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {On the Logic of Demonstratives},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {81--98},
  topic = {nl-semantics;context;indexicals;demonstratives;
		logic-of-context;}  
 } 

@article{ kaplan_d:1978b,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {Words},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {64},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {93--119},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;referring-expressions;reference;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kaplan_d:1978c,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {Dthat},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {383--400},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {nl-semantics;indexicals;demonstratives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kaplan_d:1978d,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {On the Logic of Demonstratives},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {401--412},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {nl-semantics;indexicals;demonstratives;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1984a,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {Opacity},
  year = {1984},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, UCLA, 1984.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kaplan_d:1989a,
  author = {David Kaplan},
  title = {Demonstratives: an Essay on the Semantics, Logic,
             Metaphysics, and Epistemology of Demonstratives
             and Other Indexicals},
  booktitle = {Themes from {K}aplan},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Joseph Almog and John Perry and Howard Wettstein},
  pages = {481--563},
  topic = {indexicals;context;}  
    } 

@unpublished{ kaplan_j:1980a,
  author = {Jerome Kaplan},
  title = {Interpreting Natural Language Database Updates},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	Stanford University.},
  missinginfo = {Date is guess.},
  topic = {database-update;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@article{ kaplan_m:1985a,
  author = {Mark Kaplan},
  title = {It's Not What You Know that Counts},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {82},
  number = {7},
  pages = {350--363},
  topic = {belief;knowledge;}  
  } 

@article{ kaplan_m:1993a,
  author = {Mark Kaplan},
  title = {Not by the Book},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {153--171},
  topic = {foundations-of-utility;Dutch-book-argument;}  
  } 

@techreport{ kaplan_r-bresnan:1981a1,
  author = {Ronald Kaplan and Joan Bresnan},
  title = {Lexical-Functional Grammar: A Formal System for
  	Grammatical Representation},
  institution = {Center for Cognitive Science, MIT},
  number = {Occasional Paper \#13},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {LFG;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kaplan_r-bresnan:1981a2,
  author = {Ronald Kaplan and Joan Bresnan},
  title = {Lexical-Functional Grammar: A Formal System for
  	Grammatical Representation},
  booktitle = {The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {Joan Bresnan},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {LFG;}  
  } 

@article{ kaplan_rm:1972a,
  author = {Ronald M. Kaplan},
  title = {Augmented Transition Networks as Psychological Models of
  	Sentence Comprehension},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {77--100},
  topic = {Augmented-Transition-Networks;psycholinguistics;
  	parsing-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kaplan_rm:1987a,
  author = {Ronald M. Kaplan},
  title = {Three Seductions of Computational Linguistics},
  booktitle = {Linguistic Theory and Computer Applications},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {P. Whitelock},
  pages = {149--188},
  address = {London},
  topic = {nlp-and-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ kaplan_sj:1982a,
  author = {S. Jerrold Kaplan},
  title = {Cooperative Responses from a Portable Natural Language
  	Query System},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {165--187},
  topic = {question-answering;discourse-planning;cooperation;}  
  } 

@article{ kapur-mundy:1988a,
  author = {Deepak Kapur and Joseph L. Mundy},
  title = {Wu's Method and Its Application to Perspective Viewing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {15--36},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     An algebraic method for proving a class of geometry theorems
     recently proposed by Wu is informally discussed.  Key concepts
     relevant to the method are explained.  An application of this
     method to perspective viewing in image understanding is
     discussed.  Finally, it is outlined how the method can be
     helpful to prove geometry theorems involving inequalities to
     capture the relation of a point being in between two given
     points.  This is also illustrated using an example from image
     understanding.},
  topic = {reasoning-about-perspective;geometrical-reasoning;
  	theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ kapur_d-musser:1987a,
  author = {Deepak Kapur and David R. Musser},
  title = {Proof by Consistency},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {31},
  number = {2},
  pages = {125--157},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
      Advances of the past decade in methods and computer programs
     for showing consistency of proof systems based on first-order
     equations have made it feasible, in some settings, to use proof
     by consistency as an alternative to conventional rules of
     inference.  Musser described the method applied to proof of
     properties of inductively defined objects.  Refinements of this
     inductionless induction method were discussed by Kapur, Goguen,
     Huet and Hullot, Huet and Oppen, Lankford, Dershowitz, Paul, and
     more recently by Jouannaud and Kounalis as well as by Kapur,
     Narendran and Zhang.  This paper gives a very general account of
     proof by consistency and inductionless induction and shows how
     previous results can be derived simply from the general theory.
     New results include a theorem giving characterizations of an
     unambiguity property that is key to applicability of proof by
     consistency, and a theorem similar to the Birkhoff's
     Completeness Theorem for equational proof systems, but
     concerning inductive proof. } ,
  topic = {reasoning-about-consistency;}  
  } 

@article{ kapur_d:1988a,
  author = {Deepak Kapur},
  title = {A Refutational Approach to Geometry Theorem Proving},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {61--93},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;geometrical-reasoning;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ kapur_d-mundy:1988a,
  author = {Deepak Kapur and Joseph L. Mundy},
  title = {Geometric Reasoning and Artificial Intelligence:
  	Introduction to the Special Volume},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {1--11},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;geometrical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ kapur_d:1992a,
  title = {Eleventh International Conference on Automated Deduction
  	{CADE}92, {S}arasota {S}prings, New York, June 1992},
  editor = {Deepak Kapur},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Berlin},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  ISBN = {3540671900 (softcover)},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kapur_s-clark_r:1996a,
  author = {Shayam Kapur and Robin Clark},
  title = {The Automatic Construction of a Symbolic Parser Via
  	Statistical Techniques},
  booktitle = {The Balancing Act:  Combining Symbolic and Statistical
  	Approaches to Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik},
  pages = {95--117},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {automatic-grammar-acquisition;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@book{ karlsson_f-etal:1994a,
  editor = {Fred Karlsson and Atro Voutilainen and Juha
  	Heikkila and Arto Antilla},
  title = {Constraint Grammar: A Language-Independent System
  	for Parsing Unrestricted Text},
  publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;computational-linguistics;
		parsing-algorithms;}  
} 

@incollection{ karlsson_l:1998a,
  author = {Lars Karlsson},
  title = {Anything Can Happen; on Narratives and Hypothetical
		Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {36--47},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;narrative-representation;temporal-reasoning;
		branching-time;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ karov-edelman:1998a,
  author = {Yael Karov and Shimon Edelman},
  title = {Similarity-Based Word Sense Disambiguation},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--59},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ karp_p-etal:1995a,
  author = {Peter Karp and Karen Myers and Tom Gruber},
  title = {The Generic Frame Protocol},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {768--774},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  contentnote = {Algorithm for KB implementation, access.},
  topic = {large-kr-systems;frames;kr-course;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ karp_p-paley:1995a,
  author = {Peter Karp and Suzanne Paley},
  title = {Knowledge Representation in the Large},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {751--758},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {frames;large-kr-systems;kr-course;}  
 } 

@article{ karp_rm-pearl:1983a,
  author = {Richard M. Karp and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Searching for an Optimal Path in a Tree with Random Costs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {99--116},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We consider the problem of finding an optimal path leading from
     the root of a tree to any of its leaves.  The tree is known to be
     uniform, binary, and of height N, and each branch independently
     may have a cost of 1 or 0 with probability p and 1 - p,
     respectively.
      We show that for p < [$\textfrac{1}{2}$] the uniform cost
     algorithm can find a cheapest path in linear expected time.  By
     contrast, when p > [$\textfrac{1}{2}$], every algorithm which
     guarantees finding an exact cheapest path, or even a path within
     a fixed cost ratio of the cheapest, must run in exponential
     average time.  If, however, we are willing to accept a near
     optimal solution almost always, then a pruning algorithm exists
     which finds such a solution in linear expected time.  The
     algorithm employs a depth-first strategy which stops at regular
     intervals to appraise its progress and, if the progress does not
     meet a criterion based on domain-specific knowledge, the current
     node is irrevocably pruned.  } ,
  topic = {search;optimization;decision-trees;}  
  } 

@incollection{ karpenko:1994a,
  author = {A.S. Karpenko},
  title = {Aristotle, {\L}ukasiewicz, and Factor-Semantics},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {7--21},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {temporal-logic;branching-time;truth-value-gaps;
       future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ kartha:1994a,
  author = {G. Neelakantan Kartha},
  title = {Two Counterexamples Related to {B}aker's Approach to the
  	Frame Problem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {379--391},
  topic = {frame-problem;temporal-reasoning;Yale-shooting-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kartha-lifschitz:1994a,
  author = {G. Neelakantan Kartha and Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Actions with Indirect Effects (Preliminary Report)},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {341--350},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {kr;ramification-problem;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kartha-lifschit:1995a,
  author = {G. Neelakantan Kartha and Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {A Simple Formalization of Actions Using Circumscription},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1970--1975},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kartha-lifschitz:1995a,
  author = {G. Neelakantan  Kartha},
  title = {Soundness and Completeness  Theorems for Three Formalizations
  	of Action},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {724--729},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {action;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kartha:1996a,
  author = {G. Neelakantan Kartha},
  title = {On the Range of Applicability of {B}aker's Approach
  	to the Frame Problem},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1967a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {The Identity of Noun Phrases},
  year = {1967},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Rand Corporation.},
  topic = {nl-syntax;noun-phrases;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1968a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {What Do Referential Indices Refer To?},
  year = {1968},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Rand Corporation.},
  topic = {anaphora;reference;discourse-referents;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1969a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {What Makes Definite Noun Phrases Definite?},
  year = {1969},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Rand Corporation.},
  topic = {(in)definiteness;}  
  } 

@article{ karttunen_l:1971a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {Some Observations on Factivity},
  journal = {Papers in Linguistics},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {55--69},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;(counter)factive-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ karttunen_l:1971b,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {Implicative Verbs},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {47},
  pages = {340--358},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ karttunen_l:1971c,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {Discourse Referents},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1971},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {anaphora;reference;discourse-referents;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ karttunen_l:1971d,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {The Logic of {E}nglish Predicate Complement Constructions},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1968},
  address = {[Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {conditionals;(counter)factive-constructions;only-if;}  
 } 

@article{ karttunen_l:1973a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {Presuppositions of Compound Sentences},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {169--193},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1973d,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {The Last Word (on Presuppositions of Compound Sentences)},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.},
  topic = {pragmatics;presupposition;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1973e,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {To Doubt Whether},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.},
  topic = {interrogatives;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ karttunen_l-peters:1973a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {Remarks on Presuppositions},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.},
  topic = {pragmatics;presupposition;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ karttunen_l-peters:1973b,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {\,`Stop'---Is There a Presupposition or Isn't There?},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.},
  topic = {pragmatics;presupposition;}  
  } 

@article{ karttunen_l:1974a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {Presupposition and Linguistic Context},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1/2},
  pages = {182--194},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ karttunen_l:1974b,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {Until},
  booktitle = {Papers from the Tenth Regional Meeting of the
  	{C}hicago Linguistic Society},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {Michael LaGaly and Robert A. Fox and Anthony Bruck},
  organization = {Chicago Linguistic Society},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistic Society},
  address = {Goodspeed Hall, 1050 East 59th Street, Chicago, Illinois},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {temporal-adverbials;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1974c,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {On Pragmatic and Semantic Aspects of Meaning},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;pragmatics;presupposition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ karttunen_l-peters:1975a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen and Stanley Peters},
  title = {Conventional Implicature in {M}ontague Grammar},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the
  	Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  publisher = {Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  year = {1975},
  pages = {266--278},
  address = {University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley,
  	California},
  topic = {presupposition;conventional-implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ karttunen_l-karttunen_f:1976a,
  author = {Frances Karttunen and Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {The Clitic -kin/-kaan in Finnish},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.},
  topic = {Finnish-language;presupposition;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ karttunen_l-peters:1976a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen and Stanley Peters},
  title = {What Indirect Questions Conversationally Implicate},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.},
  topic = {interrogatives;presupposition;}  
  } 

@article{ karttunen_l:1977a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {Syntax and Semantics of Questions},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--44},
  topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1977b,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {Questions Revisited},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Rand Corporation.},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1977d,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {To Doubt Whether},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ karttunen_l-peters:1977b,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen and Stanley Peters},
  title = {Requiem for Presupposition},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting of the
  	Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  publisher = {Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  year = {1977},
  pages = {360--371},
  address = {University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley,
  	California},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ karttunen_l-peters:1979a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen and Stanley Peters},
  title = {Conventional Implicature},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics {II}: Presupposition},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {ChoonKyo Oh and David A. Dineen},
  pages = {1--56},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ karttunen_l:1986a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {Radical Lexicalism},
  institution= {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  number = {CSLI--86--68},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Stanford University, Stanford California.},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;lexicon;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ karttunen_l-etal:1987a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen and Kimmo Koskenniemi and Ronald Kaplan},
  title = {{TWOL}:  A Compiler for Two-Level Phonological Rules},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Xerox Palo Alto research Center.},
  topic = {finite-state-phonology;computational-morphology;
  	computational-phonology;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1989a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {Translating from {E}nglish to Logic in {T}arski's {W}orld},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center.},
  topic = {nl-generation;logic-tutorial-systems;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ karttunen_l-yampol:1989a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen and Todd Yampol},
  title = {Tarski Translator},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Xerox Palo Alto research Center.},
  topic = {nl-generation;logic-tutorial-systems;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1991a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {Finite-State Constraints},
  year = {1991},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Xerox Palo Alto research Center.},
  topic = {finite-state-morpology;}  
  } 

@techreport{ karttunen_l-beesley:1992a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen and Kenneth Beesley},
  title = {Two-Level Rule Compiler},
  institution = {Xerox Corporation},
  number = {ISTL--92--2},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California},
  topic = {finite-state-morpology;finite-state-phonology;
  	two-level-morphology;computational-morphology;}  
  } 

@techreport{ karttunen_l:1993a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {Finite-State Lexicon Compiler},
  institution = {Xerox Corporation},
  number = {ISTL--NLTT--1993--04--02},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California},
  topic = {finite-state-morpology;finite-state-phonology;
  	two-level-morphology;computational-morphology;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ karttunen_l:1996a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {Directed Replacement},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {108--115},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {computational-phonology;two-level-phonology;}  
 } 

@book{ karttunen_l:1998a,
  editor = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State
  	Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1.  Lauri Karttunen, "The Proper Treatment of Optimality
		in Computational Phonology"
	2.  Mark-Jan Nederhof, "Context-Free Parsing through
		Regular Approximation"
        3.  Atro Voutilainen, "Does Tagging Help Parsing?  A Case
		Study on Finite State Parsing"
        4.  Wide R. Hogenbout and Yuji Matsumoto, "Robust Parsing
		Using a Hidden {M}arkov Model"
        5.  Jan Daciuk and Bruce W. Watson and Richard E. Watson,
		"Incremental Construction of Minimal Acyclic Finite
		State Automata and Transducers"
        6.  Gertjan van Noord, "Treatment of $\epsilon$-Moves in
		Subset Construction"
        7.  David Pic\'o and Enrique Vidal, "Learning Finite State
		Models for Language Understanding"
        8.  Aarne Ranta, "A Multilingual Natural Language Interface
		to Regular Expressions"
        9.  Kemal Oflazer and G\"okhan T\"ur, "Implementing Voting
		Constraints with Finite State Transducers"
        10. R\'emi Zajec, "Feature Structures, Unification and
		Finite State Transducers"
        11. Sandro Pedrazzini and Marcus Hoffman, "Using Genericity
		to Create Customizable Finite State Tools"
        12. Kenneth R. Beesley, "Constraining Separated Morphotactic
		Dependencies in Finite State Grammars"
  	},
  topic = {nl-processing;finite-state-nlp;finite-state-morpology;
  	finite-state-automata;finite-state-phonology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ karttunen_l:1998b,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen},
  title = {The Proper Treatment of Optimality in Computational
  	Phonology},
  booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State
  	Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Lauri Karttunen},
  pages = {1--12},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {optimality-theory;finite-state-phonology;}  
  } 

@article{ karttunen_l-oflazer:2000a,
  author = {Lauri Karttunen and Kemal Oflazer},
  title = {Introduction to the Special Issue on Finite-State
  	Methods in {NLP}},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--2},
  topic = {finite-state-phonology;finite-state-nlp;
  	finite-state-morpology;}  
  } 

@article{ kashap:1971a,
  author = {Paul Kashap},
  title = {Imperative Inference},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {80},
  number = {317},
  pages = {141--143},  
  topic = {imperative-logic;} 
  } 

@incollection{ kasher:1973a,
  author = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {Worlds, Games and Pragmemes:  A Unified Theory of Speech Acts},
  booktitle = {Logic, Language, and Probability},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {R.J. Bogdan and I. Niiniluoto},
  pages = {201--207},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@article{ kasher:1974a,
  author = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {Mood Implicatures: A Logical Way of Doing Pragmatics},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1/2},
  pages = {6--38},
  topic = {pragmatics;implicature;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kasher:1975a,
  author = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {Pragmatic Representations and Language-Games: Beyond
  	Intensions and Extensions},
  booktitle = {Rudolph {C}arnap, Logical Empiricist},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  pages = {271--292},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {pragmatics;foundations-of-semantcis;}  
  } 

@book{ kasher:1976a,
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
	1. Alfred J. Ayer, "Identity and Reference", pp. 3--24
	2. Peter T. Geach, "Back-Reference", pp. 25--39
	3. Fred Sommers, "On Predication and Logical Syntax", pp. 41--54
	4. Eric Walther and Eddy M. Zemach, "Substance Logic", pp. 55--74
	5. M. Glouberman, "Prime Matter, Predication, and the Semantics
		of Feature-Placing", pp.75--104
	6. Jaakko Hintikka, "A Counterexample to {T}Arski-Type Truth
		Definitions as Applied to Natural Languages", pp. 107--112
	7. Robert L. Martin and Peter Woodruff, "On Representing
		`True-in{$L$}' in {$L$}", pp. 113--117
	8. Richmond H. Thomason, "Necessity, Quotation, and Truth:
		An Indexical Theory", pp. 119--138
	9. Hans G. Herzberger, "Propositional Policies", pp.139--164
       10. Jerrold J. Katz, "The Dilemma between Orthodoxy and 
       		Identity", pp. 165--175
       11. Robert C. Stalnaker, "Indicative Conditionals", pp. 179--196
       12. Asa Kasher, "Conversational Maxims and Rationality", pp. 197--216
       13. Hans-Heinrich Lieb, "On Relating Pragmaticcs, Linguistics, and
				Non-Semantic Disciplines", pp. 217--249
       14. Dieter Wunderlich, "Towards an Integrated Theory of Grammatical and
				Pragmatical Meaning", pp. 251--277
       15. Noam Chomsky, "Problems and Mysteries in the Study of
       		Human Language", pp. 281--357
       16. L. Jonathan Cohen, "How Empirical is Contemporary Logical
       		Empiricism?", pp. 359--376
       17. Helmut Schnelle, "Basic Aspects of the Theory of Grammatical 
       		Form", pp. 377--404
       18. Manfred Bierwisch, "Social Differentiation of Language
       		Structure", pp. 407--456
       19. Avishai Margalit, "Talking with Children, {P}iaget 
       		Style", pp. 457--471
       20. Joseph Agassi, "Can Adults Become Genuinely 
       		Bilingual?", pp. 473--484
       21. Franz von Kutschera, "Epistemic Interpretation of 
       		Conditionals", pp. 501--537
       22. Renate Bartsch, "The Role of Categorial Syntax in
       		Grammatical Theory", pp. 503--539
       23. Richard M. Martin, "On {H}arris' Systems of Report and
       		Paraphrase", pp.541--568
       24. Dov M. Gabbay, "Two-Dimensional Propositional Tense 
       		Logics", 567--623
       25. Marcello Dascal, "Levels of Meaning and Moral 
       		Discourse", pp. 587--625
       26. Irving M. Copi, "A Problem in {P}lato's Laws", pp. 627--639
       27. Roland Posner, "Discourse as a Means to 
       		Enlightenment", pp. 641--660
       28. Gershon Weiler, "Points of View", pp. 661--674
   } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@article{ kasher:1976b,
  author = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {Logical Rationalism: on Degrees of Adequacy for Semantics
 	of Natural Languages},
  journal = {Philosophica},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {139--157},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kasher:1976c,
  author = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {Conversational Maxims and Rationality},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {197--216},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ kasher-lappin:1977a,
  author = {Asa Kasher and Shalom Lappin},
  title = {Philosophical Linguistics: An Introduction},
  publisher = {Scriptor Verlag},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Kronberg},
  ISBN = {0728602792},
  topic = {nl-semantics;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kasher:1979a,
  author = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {On Pragmatic Demarcation of a Language},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {188--194},
  topic = {pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kasher:1979b,
  author = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {Logical Rationalism and Formal Semantics of Natural
  	Languages: On Conditions of Adequacy},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 10},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  pages = {257--273},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kasher:1979c,
  author = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {What Is a Theory of Use?},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second
		{J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Avishai Margalit},
  pages = {37--55},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ kasher:1982a,
  author = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {Gricean Inference Reconsidered},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {25--44},
  number = {1},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ kasher:1984a,
  author = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {On the Psychological Reality of Pragmatics},
  journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {539--557},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {pragmatics;foundations-of-pragmatics;psychological-reality;}  
  } 

@article{ kasher:1984b1,
  author = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {Pragmatics and the Modularity of Mind},
  journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {539--557},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: kasher:1984b2.},
  topic = {pragmatics;foundations-of-pragmatics;cognitive-modularity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kasher:1984b2,
  author = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {Pragmatics and the Modularity of Mind},
  booktitle = {Pragmatics: A Reader},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Steven Davis},
  pages = {567--582},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Republication of: kasher:1984b2.},
  topic = {pragmatics;foundations-of-pragmatics;cognitive-modularity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kasher:1987a,
  author = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {Justification of Speech, Acts, and Speech Acts},
  booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Ernest LePore},
  pages = {281--303},
  address = {London},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ kasher:1989a,
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {Cognitive Aspects of Language Use},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444871500 (U.S.)},
  topic = {pragmatics;psycholinguistics;discourse;discourse-analysis;}  
 } 

@book{ kasher:1998a,
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {Pragmatics: Critical Concepts.  Volume {I}:
		Dawn and Delineation},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415169348 (v. 1)},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ kasher:1998b,
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {Pragmatics: Critical Concepts.  Volume {II}:
		Speech Act Theory and Particular Speech Acts},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415169356 (v. 2)},
  topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;}  
 } 

@book{ kasher:1998c,
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {Pragmatics: Critical Concepts.  Volume {III}:
		Indexicals and Reference},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  address = {London},
  contentnote = {TC:
	1. Keith S. Donnellan, "Reference and Definite Descriptions"
	2. Richard Montague, "Pragmatics"
	3. Howard K. Wettstein, "How to Bridge the Gap Between Meaning
			and Reference"
	4. Steven Davis, "Linguistic Semantics, Philosophical Semantics
			and Pragmatics"
	5. Jorge Hankamer and Ivan Sag, "Deep and Surface Anaphora"
	6. Ray Jackendoff, "Pragmatic Anaphors and Categories of Concepts"
	7. Geoffrey Nunberg, "Indexicality and Reference"
	8. Amichai Kronfeld, "Reference and Computation"
  } ,
  topic = {reference;indexicals;}  
 } 

@book{ kasher:1998d,
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {Pragmatics: Critical Concepts.  Volume {IV}:
		Presupposition, Implicature, and Indirect Speech Acts},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415169372 (v. 4)},
  topic = {pragmatics;presupposition;implicature;}  
 } 

@book{ kasher:1998e,
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {Pragmatics: Critical Concepts.  Volume {V}:
		Communication, Interaction, and Discourse},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415169380 (v. 5)},
  topic = {pragmatics;discourse;}  
 } 

@book{ kasher:1998f,
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  title = {Pragmatics: Critical Concepts.  Volume {VI}:
		Grammar, Psychology, and Sociology},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415169933 (v. 6)},
  topic = {pragmatics;sociolinguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kasif:1989a,
  author = {Simon Kasif},
  title = {Parallel Solutions to Constraint Satisfaction Problems},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {180--188},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;constraint-satisfaction;parallel-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ kasif:1990a,
  author = {Simon Kasif},
  title = {On the Parallel Complexity of Discrete Relaxation in
  	Constraint Satisfaction Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {45},
  number = {3},
  pages = {275--286},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;constraint-networks;
  	complexity-in-AI;relaxation-methods;}  
  } 

@article{ kasif-delcher:1994a,
  author = {Simon Kasif and Arthur L. Delcher},
  title = {Local Consistency in Parallel Constraint Satisfaction
  	Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {307--327},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In this paper we present several basic techniques for achieving
     parallel execution of constraint networks.  The major result
     supported by our investigations is that the parallel complexity
     of constraint networks is critically dependent on subtle
     properties of the network that do not influence its sequential
     complexity.  } ,
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;constraint-networks;
  	complexity-in-AI;parallel-processing;consistency-checking;}  
  } 

@article{ kasif-etal:1998a,
  author = {Simon Kasif and Stven Salzberg and David Waltz and John
  	Rachlin and David K. Aha},
  title = {A Probabilistic Framework for Memory-Based Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {104},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {287--311},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;memory-based-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ kask-dechter:2001a,
  author = {Kalev Kask and Rina Dechter},
  title = {A General Scheme for Automatic Generation of Search
  	Heuristics from Specification Dependencies},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {129},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {91--131},
  topic = {heuristics;search;metareasoning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kasper-rounds:1985a1,
  author = {Robert Kasper and William C. Rounds},
  title = {A Logical Semantics for Feature Structures},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	University of Michigan.},
  xref = {Conference publication: kasper-rounds:1985a2.},
  topic = {feature-structure-grammar;feature-structure-logic;
  	unification;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kasper-rounds:1985a2,
  author = {Robert Kasper and William C. Rounds},
  title = {A Logical Semantics for Feature Structures},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of the Association for
  	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1986},
  pages = {235--242},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  xref = {Privately circulated version: kasper-rounds:1985a1.},
  topic = {feature-structure-grammar;feature-structure-logic;
  	unification;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ kasper:1987a,
  author = {Robert T. Kasper},
  title = {Feature Structures: A Logical Theory with Application to
  	Language Analysis},
  school = {Computer Science Department, University of Michigan},
  year = {1987},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Ann Arbor, Michigan},
  contentnote = {Summary: Feature structures are used for
     the representation of linguistic information in several grammar
     formalisms for natural language processing. These structures are
     a type of directed graph, in which arcs are labeled by names of
     features, and nodes correspond to values of features.  Note: As
     a step in constructing a parser for a large Systemic Functional
     Grammar of English, a general mapping is described from systemic
     descriptions to the type of feature structures used in
     Functional Unification Grammar. Experiments carried out with a
     trial version of the parser revealed that existing methods of
     unification could not effectively handle descriptions containing
     a large amount of disjunction. Subtle difficulties were also
     discovered in defining a precise interpretation for some kinds
     of disjunctive feature descriptions. In order to clarify the
     interpretation of feature descriptions, a new sort of logic is
     developed. The formulas of this logic can be precisely
     interpreted as descriptions of sets of feature structures.  A
     complete calculus of equivalences is defined for these formulas,
     providing a sound basis for the simplification of feature
     descriptions. The consistency problem for formulas of the logic
     is shown to be NP-complete, with disjunction as the dominant
     source of complexity. This result indicates that any complete
     unification algorithm for disjunctive descriptions will probably
     require exponential time in the worst-case. However, an
     algorithm has been designed with a much better average
     performance, by factoring formulas according to laws of
     equivalence and using a method of successive approximation. This
     algorithm has been implemented and tested as part of the
     experimental parser for Systemic Functional Grammar with
     favorable results. The implementation also extends the PATR-II
     grammar formalism, by providing an effective way to use
     disjunction in the statement of a grammar. The methods presented
     are generally applicable to any computational system which uses
     feature structures, as well as to the description of large
     grammars for natural language analysis.  } ,
  topic = {feature-structures;feature-structure-logic;} 
  } 

@article{ kasper-rounds:1990a,
  author = {Robert Kasper and William C. Rounds},
  title = {The Logic of Unification in Grammar},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {35--58},
  topic = {feature-structure-grammar;feature-structure-logic;
  	unification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kasper-etal:1999a,
  author = {Robert Kasper and Paul Davis and Craige Roberts},
  title = {An Integrated Approach to Reference and Presupposition
  	Resolution},
  booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and
  	Reference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu},
  pages = {1--10},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {anaphora;reference-resolution;presupposition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kass:1989a,
  author = {Robert Kass},
  title = {Student Modeling and Intelligent Tutoring---Implications
  	for User Modeling},
  booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {386--410},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {user-modeling;intelligent-tutoring;}  
 } 

@article{ kastner-etal:1986a,
  author = {John Kastner and Chidanand Apte and James
	  Griesmer and Se June Hong and Maurice Karnaugh and Eric
	  Mays and Yoshio Tozawa},
  title = {A Knowledge-Based Consultant for Financial Marketing},
  journal = {AI Magazine},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {7},
  number = {5},
  pages = {71--79},
  topic = {automatic-consulting;expert-systems;}  
      } 

@book{ kates:1980a,
  author = {Carol A. Kates},
  title = {Pragmatics and Semantics: An Empiricist Theory},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  topic = {semantics;pragmatics;metaphor;}  
 } 

@article{ katovsky:1973a,
  author = {Dieter Katovsky},
  title = {Causatives},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {255--315},
  topic = {causatives;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ katsuno-mendelzon:1989a,
  author = {Hirofumi Katsuno and Alberto Mendelzon},
  title = {A Unified View of Propositional Knowledge Base Updates},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {387--394},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ katsuno-mendelzon:1991a,
  author = {Hirofumi Katsuno and Alberto Mendelzon},
  title = {On the Difference Between Updating a Knowledge Base and
  	Revising It},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {387--394},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Extended version in gardenfors:1992b.},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ katsuno-mendelzon:1991b,
  author = {Hirofumi Katsuno and Alberto Mendelzon},
  title = {Propositional Knowledge Base Revision and Minimal Change},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {52},
  number = {3},
  pages = {263--294},
  topic = {kr;belief-revision;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ katsuno-satoh:1991a,
  author = {Hirofumi Katsuno and K. Satoh},
  title = {A Unified View of Consequence Relation, Belief Revision
  	and Conditional Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Barbara Grosz and John Mylopoulos},
  pages = {406--412},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ katsuno-mendelzon:1992a,
  author = {Hirofumi Katsuno and Alberto Mendelzon},
  title = {On the Difference Between Updating a Knowledge Base and
  	Revising It},
  booktitle = {Belief Revision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  pages = {183--203},
  address = {Cambridge},
  xref = {Preliminary version in {KR}'91; see katsuno-mendelzon:1991a.},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ katsuno-satch:1995a,
  author = {Hirofumi Katsuno and Ken Satoh},
  title = {A Unified View of Consequence Relation, Belief Revision,
  	and Conditional Logic},
  booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig},
  pages = {33--65},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ katz:2002a,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz},
  title = {Mathematics and Metaphilosophy},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {99},
  number = {7},
  pages = {362--},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;philosophical-realism;} 
  } 

@article{ katz_bj:1999a,
  author = {Bernard J. Katz},
  title = {On a Supposed Counterexample to Modus Ponens},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {95},
  number = {8},
  pages = {404--415},
  xref = {Criticism of: mcgee:1985a.},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ katz_fm-katz_jj:1997a,
  author = {Fred M. Katz and Jerrold J. Katz},
  title = {Is Necessity the Mother of Intention?},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {86},
  number = {2},
  pages = {70--96},
  topic = {intensionality;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ katz_jj-fodor_ja:1963a1,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz and Jerry A. Fodor},
  title = {The Structure of a Semantic Theory},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {39},
  number = {2},
  pages = {170--210},
  contentnote = {Evidently this contains the claim that single-sentence
  	semantics accounts for discourse because a discourse is just
	a big S with many "and"s.},
  xref = {Republication: katz_jj-fodor_ja:1963a2.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;semantic-features;}  
  } 

@incollection{ katz_jj-fodor_ja:1963a2,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz and J.A. Fodor},
  title = {The Structure of a Semantic Theory},
  booktitle = {The Structure of Language: Readings in the Philosophy of
  	Language},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1964},
  editor = {J.A. Fodor and Jerrold J. Katz},
  pages = {479--518},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  xref = {Republication of: katz_jj-fodor_ja:1963a1.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;semantic-features;}  
  } 

@article{ katz_jj:1964a,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz},
  title = {Semantic Theory and the Meaning of `Good'\,},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {62},
  number = {23},
  pages = {739--766},
  topic = {nl-semantics;analytic-philosophy;`good';}  
  } 

@article{ katz_jj:1965a,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz},
  title = {The Relevance of Linguistics to Philosophy},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {20},
  pages = {590--602},
  xref = {Commentary: vendler:1965a, wilson_nl:1965a.},
  topic = {philosophy-and-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ katz_jj:1966a,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz},
  title = {The Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {Harper and Row Publishers},
  year = {1966},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Review: wilson_nl:1967a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ katz_jj:1972a,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz},
  title = {Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Harper and Row Publishers},
  year = {1972},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {nl-semantics;presuposition;}  
 } 

@incollection{ katz_jj:1975a,
  author = {Jerold J. Katz},
  title = {Logic and Language: An Examination of
     		Recent Criticisms of Intensionalism},
  booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge.  {M}innesota Studies in
  	the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Keith Gunderson},
  pages = {36--130},
  address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ katz_jj:1976a,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz},
  title = {The Dilemma between Orthodoxy and Identity},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {165--175},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {analyticity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ katz_jj:1976b,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz},
  title = {Global Rules and Surface Structure Interpretation},
  booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability},
  publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {415--425},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {generative-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ katz_jj-bever:1976a,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz and Thomas G. Bever},
  title = {The Fall and Rise of Empiricism},
  booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability},
  publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {11--64},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {linguistics-methodology;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ katz_jj-langendoen:1976a1,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen},
  title = {Pragmatics and Presupposition},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {52},
  pages = {1--17},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: katz_jj-langendoen:1976a2.},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ katz_jj-langendoen:1976a2,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen},
  title = {Pragmatics and Presupposition},
  booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability},
  publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {393--413},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Journal publication: katz_jj-langendoen:1976a1.},
  topic = {presupposition;}  
  } 

@article{ katz_jj:1977a,
  author = {Jerrold J.Katz},
  title = {The Advantage of Semantic Theory over Predicate Calculus in
	the Representation of Logical Form in Natural Language},
  journal = {The Monist},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {60},
  pages = {303--326},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ katz_jj:1978a,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz},
  title = {The Neoclassical Theory of Reference},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {103--124},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {reference;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ katz_jj:1978b,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz},
  title = {Effability and Translation},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Translation: Philosophical and Logical
  	Approaches},
  publisher = {New York University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and Monica Guenthner-Reutter},
  pages = {191--234},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ katz_jj:1978c,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz},
  title = {The Theory of Semantic Representation},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {13},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ katz_jj:1984a,
  editor = {Jerrold J. Katz},
  title = {The Philosophy of Linguistics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {019875065X},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ katz_jj:1984b,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {The Philosophy of Linguistics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Jerrold J. Katz},
  pages = {1--16},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ katz_jj:1987a,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz},
  title = {Common Sense in Semantics},
  booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Ernest LePore},
  pages = {157--233},
  address = {London},
  contentnote = {A statement of Katz's views on semantics},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ katz_jj-postal:1991a,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz and Paul M. Postal},
  title = {Realism vs. Conceptualism in Linguisics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {5},
  pages = {515--554},
  xref = {Commentary: higginbotham:1991a, israel_dj:1991b, soames:1991a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ katz_jj:1996a,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz},
  title = {Semantics in Linguistics and Philosophy:  An
	Intentionalist Perspective},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {559--616},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ katz_jj:2001a,
  author = {Jerrold J. Katz},
  title = {The End of Milleanism: Multiple Bearers, Improper
  	Names, and Compositional Meaning},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {98},
  number = {3},
  pages = {137--166},
  topic = {semantics-of-proper-names;}  
  } 

@article{ katz_m:1982a,
  author = {Michael Katz},
  title = {The Logic of Approximation in Quantum Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {215--228},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ katz_s-taubenfeld:1986a,
  author = {S. Katz and G. Tauvenfeld},
  title = {What Processes Know: Definitions and Methods},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth {ACM} Symposium on
  	Principles of Distributed Computing},
  year = {1986},
  pages = {249--262},
  organization = {{ACM}},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor, address, publisher},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kaufman_sg:1991a,
  author = {Stephen G. Kaufman},
  title = {A Formal Theory of Spatial Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {347--356},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;spatial-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@techreport{ kautz:1985a,
  author = {Henry A. Kautz},
  title = {Toward a Theory of Plan Recognition},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Rochester},
  number = {162},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Rochester, New York},
  topic = {plan-recognition;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kautz:1986a,
  author = {Henry A. Kautz},
  title = {The Logic of Persistence},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  pages = {401--405},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  contentnote = {This is one of 3 formulations of a chronological
  	minimization solutuon to the YSP.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;Yale-shooting-problem;frame-problem;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kautz-allen_jf:1986a,
  author = {Henry A. Kautz and James F. Allen},
  title = {Generalized Plan Recognition},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {plan-recognition;}  
  } 

@techreport{ kautz:1987a,
  author = {Henry Kautz},
  title = {A Formal Theory of Plan Recognition},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of
  	Rochester},
  number = {215},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Rochester, New York},
  topic = {plan-recognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kautz-selman:1989a1,
  author = {Henry Kautz and Bart Selman},
  title = {Hard Problems for Simple Default Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {189--197},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: kautz-selman:1989a2.},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;
  	kr-complexity-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ kautz-selman:1989a2,
  author = {Henry A. Kautz and Bart Selman},
  title = {Hard Problems for Simple Default Logics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {49},
  number = {3},
  pages = {243--279},
  xref = {Conference Publication: kautz-selman:1989a1.},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;
  	kr-complexity-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kautz:1990a,
  author = {Henry A. Kautz},
  title = {A Circumscriptive Theory of Plan Recognition},
  booktitle = {Intentions in Communication},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack},
  pages = {105--133},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {plan-recognition;}  
  } 

@article{ kautz-selman:1991a,
  author = {Henry Kautz and Bart Selman},
  title = {Hard Problems for Simple Default Logics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {49},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {243--281},
  contentnote = {Explores complexity of reasoning in limited default
  	logics.  The complexity results are mostly negative.},
  topic = {complexity-theory;nonmonotonic-logic;complexity-in-AI;
  	default-logic;complexity-in-kr;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kautz-selman:1992a,
  author = {Henry Kautz and Bart Selman},
  title = {Planning as Satisfiability},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth {E}uropean Conference on
		Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {J. LLoyd},
  pages = {359--379},
  missinginfo = {Editor, Publisher, Address},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;sat-based-planning;
  		model-construction;}  
  } 

@article{ kautz-etal:1995a,
  author = {Henry Kautz and Michael Kearns and Bart Selman},
  title = {Horn Approximations of Empirical Data},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {74},
  number = {1},
  pages = {129--145},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Formal AI systems traditionally represent knowledge using
     logical formulas.  Sometimes, however, a model-based
     representation is more compact and enables faster reasoning than
     the corresponding formula-based representation.  The central idea
     behind our work is to represent a large set of models by a
     subset of characteristic models.  More specifically, we examine
     model-based representations of Horn theories, and show that
     there are large Horn theories that can be exactly represented by
     an exponentially smaller set of characteristic models.
      We show that deduction based on a set of characteristic models
     requires only polynomial time, as it does using Horn theories.
     More surprisingly, abduction can be performed in polynomial time
     using a set of characteristic models, whereas abduction using
     Horn theories is NP-complete.  Finally, we discuss algorithms for
     generating efficient representations of the Horn theory that
     best approximates a general set of models.  } ,
  topic = {Horn-approximationl;kr;macro-formalization;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kautz-etal:1996a,
  author = {Henry Kautz and David McAllester and Bart Selman},
  title = {Encoding Plans in Propositional Logic},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {374--384},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;planning;theorem-proving;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kautz-etal:1996b,
  author = {Henry Kautz and Bart Selman and Al Milewski},
  title = {Agent Amplified Communication},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference
	      } ,
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  pages = {1--9},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {information-retrieval;software-agents;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kautz-selman:1996a,
  author = {Henry Kautz and Bart Selman},
  title = {Pushing the Envelope: Planning, Propositional Logic, and
  	Stochastic Search},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {1194--1201},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {sat-based-planning;planning-algorithm;stochastic-search;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kautz-selman:1999a,
  author = {Henry Kautz and Bart Selman},
  title = {Unifying {SAT}-Based and Graph-Based Planning},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  xref = {This entry made obsolete by kautz-selman:1999b.},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;graph-based-reasoning;
  		model-construction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kautz-selman:1999b,
  author = {Henry Kautz and Bart Selman},
  title = {Unifying {SAT}-Based and Graph-Based Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Thomas Dean},
  pages = {318--325},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;graph-based-reasoning;
  		model-construction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kautz-selman:2000a,
  author = {Henry Kautz and Bart Selman},
  title = {Encoding Domain Knowledge for
       		Propositional Planning},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {169--186},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;foundations-of-planning;history-of-AI;
  	causal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ kavanaugh-etal:1996a,
  editor = {Robert D. Kavanaugh and Betty Zimmerberg and Steven Fein},
  title = {Emotion: Interdisciplinary Perspectives},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {emotion;cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kawamori-etal:1998a,
  author = {Masahito Kawamori and Takeshi Kawabata and Akira
		Shimazu},
  title = {Discourse Markers in Spontaneous Dialogue:
		A Corpus-Based Study of {J}apanese and {E}nglish},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {93--99},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kawasaki-etal:1998a,
  author = {Zenshiro Kawasaki and Keiji Takida and Masato 
    		Tajima},
  title = {Language Model and Sentence Structure Manipulations for
  		Natural Language Applications Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {281--286},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nlp-technology;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kawashima-kitahara:1993a,
  author =  {Rurito Kawashima and Hisatsugu Kitahara},
  title = {On the Distribution and Interpretation of Subjects
  	and their Numerical Classifiers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{III}},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner},
  pages = {97--116},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {Japanese-language;}  
  } 

@article{ kay:1992a,
  author = {Paul Kay},
  title = {The Inheritance of Presuppositions},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  number = {4},
  pages = {333--379},
  topic = {presupposition;}  
  } 

@article{ kay_h-etal:2000a,
  author = {Herbert Kay and Bernhard Rinner and Benjamin Kuipers},
  title = {Semi-Quantitative System Identification},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {119},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {103--140},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     System identification takes a space of possible models and a
     stream of observational data of a physical system, and attempts
     to identify the element of the model space that best describes
     the observed system.  In traditional approaches, the model space
     is specified by a parameterized differential equation, and
     identification selects numerical parameter values so that
     simulation of the model best matches the observations.  We
     present SQUID, a method for system identification in which the
     space of potential models is defined by a semi-quantitative
     differential equation (SQDE): qualitative and monotonic function
     constraints as well as numerical intervals and functional
     envelopes bound the set of possible models.  The simulator SQSIM
     predicts semi-quantitative behavior descriptions from the SQDE.
     Identification takes place by describing the observation stream
     in similar semi-quantitative terms and intersecting the two
     descriptions to derive narrower bounds on the model space.
     Refinement is done by refuting impossible or implausible subsets
     of the model space.  SQUID therefore has strengths, particularly
     robustness and expressive power for incomplete knowledge, that
     complement the properties of traditional system identification
     methods.  We also present detailed examples, evaluation, and
     analysis of SQUID.},
  topic = {diagnosis;qualitative-simulation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kay_m:1979a,
  author = {Martin Kay},
  title = {Functional Grammar},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Meeting of the
  	Berkeley Linguistic Society},
  year = {1979},
  pages = {142--158},
  topic = {constraint-based-grammar;unification;}  
} 

@unpublished{ kay_m:1987a,
  author = {Martin Kay},
  title = {Monotonicity in Linguistics},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {nl-processing;parsing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kay_m:1992a,
  author = {Martin Kay},
  title = {Unification},
  booktitle = {Computational Linguistics and Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Michael Rosner and Roderick Johnson},
  pages = {1--29},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {unification;unification-grammars;}  
  } 

@book{ kay_m-etal:1994a,
  author = {Martin Kay and Jean Mark Gawron and Peter Norvig},
  title = {Verbmobil: A Translation System For Face-To-Face Dialog},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Stanford},
  ISBN = {0937073954 (pbk.)},
  topic = {speech-to-speech-machine-translation;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ kay_m:1996a,
  author = {Martin Kay},
  title = {Chart Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {200--204},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {chart-parsing;parsing-algorithms;nl-interpretation;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ kay_p:1973a,
  author = {Paul Kay},
  title = {A Model-Theoretic Approach to Folk Taxonomy},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {cultural-anthropology;;}  
  } 

@techreport{ kay_p:1983a,
  author = {Paul Kay},
  title = {What is the {S}apir-{W}horf Hypothesis?},
  institution = {Institute of Cognitive Studies, University of
	California, Berkeley},
  number = {8},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Berkeley, California},
  topic = {linguistic-relativity;}  
  } 

@article{ kay_p:1990a,
  author = {Paul Kay},
  title = {Even},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {59--111},
  topic = {`even';discourse-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ kay_p:1995b,
  author = {Paul Kay},
  title = {Meaning of Words and Contextual Determination of
  	Interpretation},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;context;polysemy;}  
 } 

@book{ kay_p:1996a,
  author = {Paul Kay},
  title = {Words and the Grammar of Context},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. C. Fillmore, "Foreword"
  	2. P. Kay, C. Fillmore, and M. O'Conner, "Regularity and
		Idiomaticity in Grammatical Constructions: The Case
		of {\it Let Alone}"
  	3. P. Kay, "Even"
  	4. P. Kay, "At Least"
  	5. P. Kay, "Construction Grammar"
  	6. P. Kay, "Linguistic Competence and Folk Theories of
		Language: Two {E}nglish Hedges"
  	7. P. Kay, "The {\it Kind of / Sort of} Construction"
  	8. P. Kay, "Contextual Operators: {\it respective,
		respectively}, and {\it vice versa}"
  	9. P. Kay, "Constructional Modus Tollens and Level of
		Conventionality"
       10. P. Kay, "Three Properties of the Ideal Reader"
       11. P. Kay, "The Inheritance of Presuppositions"
  	},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;context;polysemy;sentence-focus;
  	pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kayaalp-etal:1998a,
  author = {Mehmet Kayaalp and Ted Pedersen and Rebecca Bruce},
  title = {A Statistical Decision Making Method: A Case Study
		on Prepositional Attachment},
  booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {T. Mark Ellison},
  pages = {33--42},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;disambiguation;}  
  } 

@article{ kaye_lj:1995a,
  author = {Lawrence J. Kaye},
  title = {The Languages of Thought},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {62},
  number = {1},
  pages = {92--110},
  contentnote = {Critical examination of args for lang of thought.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ kaye_rw:1991a,
  author = {Richard W. Kaye},
  title = {Models of {P}eano Arithmetic},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {model-theory;nonstandard-models;formalizations-of-arithmetic;} 
 } 

@book{ kayne_rs:1994a,
  author = {Richard S. Kayne},
  title = {The Antisymmetry of Syntax},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {universal-grammar;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kayser:1984a,
  author = {Daniel Kayser},
  title = {A Computer Scientist's View of Meaning},
  booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects
  	of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Steve B. Torrance},
  pages = {168--176},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {computational-semantics;nl-as-kr;}  
  } 

@article{ kayser-etal:1987a,
   author = {Daniel Kayser and P. Fosse and M. Karoubi and B. Levrat and
   	L. Nicaud},
   title = {A Strategy for Reasoning in Natural Language},
   journal = {Applied Artificial Intelligence},
   year = {1987},
   volume = {1},
   number = {3},
   pages = {205--231},
   missinginfo = {A's 1st names.},
   topic = {kr;nl-as-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kayser-abir:1995a,
  author = {Daniel Kayser and Hocine Abir},
  title = {A Non-Monotonic Approach to Lexical Semantics},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {303--318},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@article{ kazmi:1987a,
  author = {Ali Akhtar Kazmi},
  title = {Quantification and Opacity},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {77--100},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@article{ kazmi-pelletier:1998a,
  author = {Ali Akhtar Kazmi and Francis Jeffry Pelletier},
  title = {Is Compositionality Formally Vacuous?},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {21},
  number = {6},
  pages = {629--633},
  topic = {compositionality;}  
  } 

@book{ kearns-j:1984a,
  author = {John Kearns},
  title = {Using Language},
  publisher = {State University of New York Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Albany},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ kearns_m-vazirani:1994a,
  author = {Michael J. Kearns and Umesh V. Vazirani},
  title = {An Introduction to Computational Learning Theory},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {learning-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ kearsley:1988a,
  author = {Greg Kearsley},
  title = {Online Help Systems: Design and Implementation},
  publisher = {Ablex Pub. Corp.},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {089391472X},
  topic = {help-systems;HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ keefe:1995a,
  author = {Rosanna Keefe},
  title = {Contingent Identity and Vague Identity},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {65},
  pages = {183--190},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@book{ keefe-smith_p:1997a,
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  title = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith, "Introduction: Theories of
     		Vagueness", pp. 1--57
     2. Diogenes Laertius, Galen and Cicero, "On the
     		Sorites", pp. 58--60
     3. Bertrand Russell, "Vagueness", pp. 61--68
     4. Max Black, "Vagueness: An Exercise in Philosophical
     		Analysis", pp. 69--81
     5. Carl G. Hempel, "Vagueness and Logic", pp. 82--84
     6. Henryk Mehlberg, "Truth and Vagueness", pp. 85--88
     7. James Cargile, "The Sorites Paradox", pp. 89--98
     8. Michael Dummett, "Wang's Paradox", pp. 99--118
     9. Kit Fine, "Vagueness, Truth, and Logic", pp. 119--150
    10. Crispin Wright, "Language-Mastery and the Sorites
    		Paradox", pp. 151--173
    11. Kenton F. Machina, "Truth, Belief, and
    		Vagueness", pp. 174--203
    12. Crispin Wright, "Further Reflections on the Sorites
    		Paradox", pp. 204--250
    13. Richard Mark Sainsbury, "Concepts without
    		Boundaries", pp. 251--264
    14. Timothy Williamson, "Vagueness and Ignorance", pp. 265--280
    15. Michael Tye, "Sorites Paradox and the Semantics of
    		Vagueness", pp. 281--293
    16. Dorothy Edgington, "Vagueness by Degrees", pp. 294--316
    17. Gareth Evans, "Can There be Vague Objects?", pp. 317
    18. David K. Lewis, "Vague Identity: {E}vans
    		Misunderstood", pp. 318--320
    19. Terence Parsons and Peter Woodruff, "Wordly
    		Indeterminacy of Identity", pp. 321--337
  } ,
  xref = {Review: hyde:2001a.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
 } 

@incollection{ keefe-smith_p:1997b,
  author = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  title = {Introduction: Theories of Vagueness},
  booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {1--57},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ keeley:2002a,
  author = {Brian L. Keeley},
  title = {Making Sense of the Senses: Individuating Modalities
  	in Humans and Other Animals},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {99},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--28},
  topic = {philosophy-of-sensation;} 
  } 

@article{ keenan_e:1993a,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {Natural Language, Sortal Reducibility, and Generalized
  	Quantifiers},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {58},
  number = {1},
  pages = {314--325},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;generalized-quantifiers;} 
  } 

@incollection{ keenan_el:1971a,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {Two Kinds of Presupposition in Natural Language},
  booktitle = {Studies in Linguistic Semantics},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {45--52},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ keenan_el:1975a,
  editor = {Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {Formal Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ keenan_el:1978a,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {Logical Semantics and Universal Grammar},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {83--107},
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ keenan_el:1978b,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {Some Logical Problems in Translation},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Translation: Philosophical and Logical
  	Approaches},
  publisher = {New York University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and Monica Guenthner-Reutter},
  pages = {157--189},
  address = {New York},
  contentnote = {Argues it is false that what can be said in 1 lang can
  	 be exactly translated into another.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ keenan_el:1978c,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {Negative Coreference:  Generalizing Quantification for
  	Natural Language},
  booktitle = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt},
  pages = {77--105},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;non-co-reference;anaphora;}  
  } 

@techreport{ keenan_el:1978d,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {Some Logical Problems for Translation},
  institution = {Working Papers, {UCLA} Linguistics Department},
  year = {1978},
  address = {University of California at Los Angeles},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-translation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ keenan_el:1978e,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {passive is Phrasal (Not Sentential or Lexical)},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, {UCLA} Linguistics Department},
  topic = {passive;}  
  } 

@techreport{ keenan_el-faltz:1978a,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan and Leonard M. Faltz},
  title = {Logical Types for Natural Language},
  institution = {Working Papers, {UCLA} Linguistics Department},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Los Angeles},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ keenan_el:1981a,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {Parametric Variation in Universal Grammar},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department,
  	UCLA},
  topic = {universal-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ keenan_el:1983a,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {Facing the Truth: Some Advantages of Direct
  	Interpretation},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {335--371},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-to-logic-mapping;nl-semantic-types;}  
  } 

@article{ keenan_el:1984a,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {Semantic Correlates of the Ergative/Absolute Distinction},
  journal = {Linguistics},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {197--223},
  topic = {ergativity;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ keenan_el-moss_l:1984a,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan and Lawrence S. Moss},
  title = {Determiners and the Logical Expressive Power of
  	Natural Language},
  booktitle = {Proceedings, Third {W}est {C}oast {C}onference on {F}ormal
  	{L}inguistics},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {M. Wescoat et al.},
  pages = {149--157},
  publisher = {Stanford Linguistics Association},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  missinginfo = {Other editors},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@book{ keenan_el-faltz:1985a,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan and Leonard M. Faltz},
  title = {Boolean Semantics for Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ keenan_el-timberlake:1985b,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan and Alan Timberlake},
  title = {Predicate Formation Rules in Universal Grammar},
  booktitle = {Proceedings, Fourth {W}est {C}oast {C}onference on {F}ormal
  	{L}inguistics},
  year = {1985},
  publisher = {Stanford Linguistics Association},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages},
  topic = {universal-grammar;argument-structure;}  
  } 

@incollection{ keenan_el:1986a,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {Lexical Freedom and Large Categories},
  booktitle = {Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of
                   Generalized Quantifiers},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof},
  pages = {27--51},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantic-types;lexical-semantics;lexicalization;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ keenan_el-stavi:1986a,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan and Jonathan Stavi},
  title = {A Semantic Characterization of Natural Language
  	Determiners},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {253--326},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;determiners;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ keenan_el-timberlake:1986a,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan and Alan Timberlake},
  title = {Polyvalency and Domain Theory},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, UCLA.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;polyvalency;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ keenan_el:1987a,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {Unreducible N-ary Quantifiers in Natural Language},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, UCLA.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ keenan_el:1987b,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {A Semantic Definition of `Indefinite {NP}'\, } ,
  booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {286--317},
  topic = {nl-semantics;indefiniteness;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ keenan_el:1987c,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {Semantics and the Binding Theory},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, UCLA.},
  topic = {nl-case;universal-grammar;anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ keenan_el:1992a,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {Beyond the {F}rege Boundary},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--221},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ keenan_el:1993a,
  author =  {Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {Anaphor-Antecedent Asymmetry: A Conceptual Necessity?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{III}},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner},
  pages = {117--144},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;syntax-semantics-interface;}  
  } 

@incollection{ keenan_el:1996a,
  author = {Edward L. Keenan},
  title = {The Semantics of Determiners},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {41--63},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ keenan_eo:1975a1,
  author = {Elenor Ochs Keenan},
  title = {On the Universality of Conversational Implicatures},
  booktitle = {Studies in Language Variation},
  publisher = {Georgetown University Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Ralph Fasold and Roger Schuy},
  pages = {255--268},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  xref = {Journal publication: keenan_eo:1976a1},
  topic = {implicature;}  
  } 

@article{ keenan_eo:1976a1,
  author = {Elenor Ochs Keenan},
  title = {On the Universality of Conversational Implicatures},
  journal = {Language in Society},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {68--81},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Reprinted: keenan_eo:1975a1},
  topic = {implicature;}  
  } 

@book{ keeney-raiffa:1976a,
  author = {Ralph H. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  title = {Decisions With Multiple Objectives: Preferences and
  	Value Tradeoffs},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons, Inc.},
  year = {1976},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-theory;preferences;multiattribute-utility;}  
 } 

@incollection{ keeney-nair:1977a,
  author = {Ralph L. Keeney and Keshavan Nair},
  title = {Selecting Nuclear Power Plant Sites in the {P}acific
  	Northwest Using Decision Analysis},
  booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  pages = {298--322},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kehler:1994a,
  author = {Andrew Kehler},
  title = {Common Topics and Coherent Situations: Interpreting Ellipsis
  	in the Context of Discourse Inference},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky},
  pages = {50--57},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {discourse;discourse-coherence;d-topic;ellipsis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ kehler:1996a,
  author = {Andrew Kehler},
  title = {Coherence and the Coordinate Structure Constraint},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Meeting
    of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (BLS-22)},
  address = {Berkeley, CA},
  month = {February},
  year = {1996},
  topic = {coherence;coordination;}  
 } 

@article{ kehler:1997a,
  author = {Andrew Kehler},
  title = {Current Theories of Centering for Pronoun Interpretation:
  	A Critical Evaluation},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {467--475},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;centering;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kehler:1997b,
  author = {Andrew Kehler},
  title = {Probabilistic Coreference in Information Extraction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {163--173},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;machine-learning;
		probabilistic-reasoning;FASTUS;anaphora-resolution;}  
  } 

@article{ kehler-shieber:1997a,
  author = {Andrew Kehler and Stuart Shieber},
  title = {Anaphoric Dependencies in Ellipsis},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {457--466},
  topic = {anaphora;ellipsis;}  
  } 

@article{ kehler-etal:2001a,
  author = {Andrew Kehler and John Bear and Douglas Appelt},
  title = {The Need for Accurate Alignment in Natural Language
  	System Evaluation},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {231--248},
  topic = {nlp-evaluation;text-alignment;}  
  } 

@article{ kehler_a:1998a,
  author = {Andrew Kehler},
  title = {Review of {\it Computational and Conversational
  	Discourse: Burning Issues---An Introductory Account},
  	{E}duard {H}. {H}ovy and {D}onia {R}. {S}cott},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {328--340},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kehler_a-ward_g:1998a,
  author = {Andrew Kehler and Gregory Ward},
  title = {On the Semantics and Pragmatics of `Identifier So'\, } ,
  editor = {Ken Turner},
  booktitle = {The Semantics/Pragmatics Interface from Different Points of
  	View (Current Research in the Semantics/Pragmatics Interface
	Series, Volume {I})},
  publisher = {Amsterdam: Elsevier},
  year = {forthcoming},
  topic = {semantics;pragmatics;discourse-cue-words;
  	discourse-cue-words;}  
 } 

@article{ kehler_a:2000a,
  author = {Andrew Kehler},
  title = {Coherence and the Resolution of Ellipsis},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {6},
  pages = {533--575},
  topic = {coherence;ellipsis;}  
  } 

@book{ keil-wilson_ra:2000a,
  editor = {Frank C. Keil and Robert A. Wilson},
  title = {Explanation and Cognition},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-11239-3},
  topic = {explanation;cognitive-psycyology;}  
 } 

@article{ keil:2001a,
  author = {Frank C. Keil},
  title = {The Scope of the Cognitive Sciences: Reply to Six 
  	Reviews of {\it The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive
  	Sciences}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {130},
  number = {2},
  pages = {217--221},
  xref = {Response to: carr_c:2001a, carr_c:2001a, dorr:2001a,
  	husbands:2001a, lakoff_g:2001a, peterson_dm:2001a.},
  topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kelleher-smith_bm:1988b,
  author = {Barbara M. Smith and Gerald Kelleher},
  title = {A Brief Introduction to Reason Maintenance Systems},
  booktitle = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  editor = {Barbara M. Smith and Gerald Kelleher},
  pages = {4--20},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ keller_b:1995a,
   author = {Bill Keller},
   title = {{\sc datr} Theories and {\sc datr} Models},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Third Meeting of the Association for
   	Computational Linguistics},
   year = {1995},
   publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
   editor = {Hans Uszkoreit},
   pages = {55--69},
   organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
   address = {San Francisco},
   topic = {DATR;nm-ling;}  
 } 

@incollection{ keller_ef:2000a,
  author = {Evelyn Fox Keller},
  title = {Models of and Models For: Theory and Practice in
  	Contemporary Biology},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S72--S86},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-biology;}  
  } 

@article{ keller_f:1999a,
  author = {Frank Keller},
  title = {Review of {\em {T}he Empirical Basis of Linguistics:
  	Grammatical Judgements and Linguistic Methodology},
  	by {C}arson {T}. {S}ch\"utze},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {114--121},
  xref = {Review of schutze:1996a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ keller_rb:1988a,
  author = {Richard M.  Keller},
  title = {Defining Operationality for Explanation-Based Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {2},
  pages = {227--241},
  topic = {explanation-based-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ kelley_lb:1988a,
  author = {Leigh B. Kelley},
  title = {Reflections on Deliberative Coherence},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1},
  pages = {83--121},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;rationality;
  	Newcomb-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kelley_tg:1996a,
  author = {Todd G. Kelley},
  title = {Modeling Complex Systems in the Situation Calculus: A Case
  	Study Using the Dagstuhl Steam Boiler Problem},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {26--37},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;dynamic-systems;situation-calculus;}  
  } 

@techreport{ kelly-glymour:1987a,
  author = {Kevin Kelly and Clark Glymour},
  title = {On Convergence to the Truth and Nothing but the Truth},
  institution = {Laboratory for Computational Linguistics, Carnegie
  	Mellon University},
  number = {CMU-LCL-87-4},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Pittsburgh},
  topic = {learning-theory;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ kelly-glymour:1988a,
  author = {Kevin T. Kelly and Clark Glymour},
  title = {On Converging to the Truth and Nothing but the Truth},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Pittsburgh},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {truthlikeness;induction;philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@article{ kelly-glymour:1990a,
  author = {Kevin T. Kelly and Clark Glymour},
  title = {Theory Discovery from Data with Mixed Quantifiers},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--33},
  topic = {learning-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ kelly-glymour:1992a,
  author = {Kevin T. Kelly and Clark Glymour},
  title = {Inductive Inference from Theory Laden Data},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {391--444},
  topic = {induction;}  
  } 

@book{ kelly:1996b,
  author = {Kevin Kelly},
  title = {The Logic of Reliable Inquiry},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@techreport{ kelly:1998a,
  author = {Kevin Kelly},
  title = {Iterated Belief Revision, Reliability and Inductive
		Amnesia},
  year = {1998},
  institution = {Philosophy Department, Carnegie Mellon University},
  number = {CMU-Phil--88},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kelly:1998b,
  author = {Kevin T. Kelly},
  title = {The Learning Power of Belief Revision},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {111--124},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {learning-theory;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ kelly:2001a,
  author = {Sean Dorrance Kelly},
  title = {Demonstrative Concepts and Experience},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {3},
  pages = {397--420},
  topic = {demonstratives;epistemology;phenomenology;} 
  } 

@incollection{ kemeny:1964a,
  author = {John G. Kemeny},
  title = {Analyticity Versus Fuzziness},
  booktitle = {Form and Strategy in Science},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1964},
  editor = {John R. Gregg and F.T.C. Harris},
  pages = {122--145},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {vagueness;analyticity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kemmerling:1986a,
  author = {Andreas Kemmerling},
  title = {Utterer's Meaning Revisited},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {131--155},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;implicature;speaker-meaning;
  	Grice;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kemmerling:1991a,
  author = {Andreas Kemmerling},
  title = {Implicatur},
  booktitle = {Semantik/Semantics: an International Handbook
  	of Contemporary Research},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {319--333},
  editor = {Dieter Wunderlich and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kempe:1997a,
  author = {Andr\'e Kempe},
  title = {Finite State Transducers Approximating Hidden {M}arkov
  		Models},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {460--467},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {finite-state-nlp;hidden-Markov-models;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kempe:1998a,
  author = {Andr\'e Kempe},
  title = {Look-Back and Look-Ahead in the Conversion
     		of Hidden {M}arkov Models into Finite State 
		Transducers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in 
  	Language Processing and Computational Natural Language
	Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {David M.W. Powers},
  pages = {29--37},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {hidden-Markov-models;finite-state-nlp;part-of-speech-tagging;}  
  } 

@book{ kempen:1987a,
  editor = {Gerard Kempen},
  title = {Natural Language Generation: New Results in Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {Nijhoff},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9024735580},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
 } 

@book{ kempson:1975a,
  author = {Ruth M. Kempson},
  title = {Presupposition and the Delimitation of Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: cresswell_mj:1978d.},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ kempson:1977a,
  author = {Ruth Kempson},
  title = {Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kempson:1979a,
  author = {Ruth Kempson},
  title = {Presupposition, Opacity, and Ambiguity},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 11: Presupposition},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {ChoonKyo Oh and David A. Dineen},
  pages = {283--297},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {presupposition;ambiguity;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ kempson-cormak:1981a,
  author = {Ruth M. Kempson and Annabel Cormak},
  title = {Ambiguity and Quantification},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {259--309},
  xref = {Later discussion in bach_k:1982a, kempson-cormack:1982a,
  	tennant_n:1981a, cormak-kempson:1981b.},
  topic = {ambiguity;nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;
  	semantic-underspecification;}  
  } 

@article{ kempson-cormack:1982a,
  author = {Ruth M. Kempson and Annabel Cormack},
  title = {Quantification and Pragmatics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {607--618},
  xref = {Discussion of kempson-cormak:1981a, tennant_n:1981a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;semantic-underspecification;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kempson:1985a,
  author = {Ruth Kempson},
  title = {Definite {NP}s and Context-Dependence:
    		A Unified Theory of Anaphora},
  booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle},
  pages = {209--239},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {pragmatics;anaphora;context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kempson:1986a,
  author = {Ruth M. Kempson},
  title = {Ambiguity and the Semantics-Pragmatics Distinction},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Interpretation},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Charles Travis},
  pages = {77--103},
  address = {Oxford, England},
  topic = {ambiguity;foundations-of-semantics;foundations-of-pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ kempson:1988a,
  editor = {Ruth M. Kempson},
  title = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and
  	Reality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Ruth M. Kempson , "The Relation between Language, Mind, and
     		Reality"
     2. James Higginbotham , "Contexts, Models, and Meanings: A Note
     		on the Data of Semantics"
     3. Robin Cooper, "Facts in Situation Theory: Representation,
     		Psychology, or Reality? "
     4. Elisabet Engdahl, "Relational Interpretation"
     5. Robert May , "Bound Variable Anaphora"
     6. Michael Brody and M. Rita Manzini, "On Implicit Arguments"
     7. Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber, "Representation and Relevance"
     8. Robyn Carston, "Implicature, Explicature, and Truth-Theoretic
     		Semantics"
     9. Diane Blakemore, "\,`So' as a constraint on relevance"
    10. Ruth M. Kempson, "On the Grammar-Cognition Interface: The
    		Principle of Full Interpretation"
   } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;cognitive-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kempson:1988b,
  author = {Ruth M. Kempson},
  title = {The Relation Between Language, Mind, and Reality},
  booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and
  	Reality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Ruth Kempson},
  pages = {3--25},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-semantics;cognitive-semantics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kempson:1988c,
  author = {Ruth M. Kempson},
  title = {On the Grammar-Cognition Interface:  The Principle of Full
  	Interpretation},
  booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and
  	Reality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Ruth Kempson},
  pages = {199--224},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-semantics;cognitive-semantics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kempson:1993a,
  author = {Ruth M. Kempson},
  title = {Input Systems, Anaphora, Ellipsis, and Operator Binding},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {II}, Lexical and Conceptual
  	Structure},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Werner Abraham},
  pages = {51--78},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {relevance-theory;cognitive-semantics;anaphora;ellipsis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kempson:1996a,
  author = {Ruth M. Kempson},
  title = {Semantics, Pragmatics, and Natural-Language Interpretation},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {561--598},
  topic = {pragmatics;context;dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kempson-etal:1997a,
  author = {Ruth Kempson and Wilfried Meyer Viol and Dov Gabbay},
  title = {Language Understanding: A Procedural Perspective},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {228--247},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kempson-meyerviol:1999a,
  author = {Ruth Kempson and Wilfried Meyer-Viol},
  title = {The Dynamics of Tree Growth and Quantifier Construal},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {175--180},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;indefiniteness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kempson-otsuka:2002a,
  author = {Ruth Kempson and Masayuki Otsuka},
  title = {Dialogue as Collaborative Tree Growth},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {69--76},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {collaboration;discourse;} 
  } 

@book{ kennedy_c:1997a,
  author = {Christopher Kennedy},
  title = {Projecting the Adjective: The Syntax and Semantics of
  	Gradeability and Comparison},
  publisher = {University of California at Santa Cruz},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Santa Cruz, California},
  topic = {nl-semantics;adjectives;degree-modifiers;}  
 } 

@article{ kennedy_c:2001a,
  author = {Christopher Kennedy},
  title = {Polar Opposition and the Ontology of `Degrees'},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--70},
  topic = {nl-semantics;adjectives;comparative-constructions;
  	degree-modifiers;polarity;}  
  } 

@book{ kennedy_g:1998a,
  author = {Graeme Kennedy},
  title = {An Introduction to Corpus Linguistics},
  publisher = {Addison Wesley Longmans},
  year = {1998},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Review: ooi:1999a.},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kennely-reniers:1999a,
  author = {Sarah D. Kennelly and Fabien Reniers},
  title = {Cumulativity \& Distributivity Interaction of Polyadic
		Quantifiers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {181--186},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ kenniston:1999a,
  author = {Sheila M. Kenniston},
  title = {Processing Agentive {\em By-}Phrases in Complex
		Event and Nonevent Nominals},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {502--508},
  topic = {nominal-constructions;}  
  } 

@book{ kenny:1963a,
  author = {Anthony Kenny},
  title = {Action, Emotion and the Will},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1963},
  address = {London},
  topic = {action;philosophy-of-action;Aktionsarten;
		volition;emotion;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kenny:1973a,
  author = {Anthony Kenny},
  title = {Freedom, Spontaneity, and Indifference},
  booktitle = {Essays on Freedom and Action},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Ted Honderich},
  pages = {98--100},
  address = {London},
  topic = {action;intention;freedom;volition;}  
  } 

@article{ kenny:1973b,
  author = {Anthony Kenny},
  title = {Practical Inference},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {65--75},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;} 
  } 

@book{ kenny:1976a,
  author = {Anthony Kenny},
  title = {Will, Freedom, and Power},
  publisher = {Barnes and Noble},
  year = {1976},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {action;philosophy-of-action;freedom;ability;
		volition;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kenny:1976b,
  author = {Anthony Kenny},
  title = {Human Ability and Dynamic Modalities},
  booktitle = {Essays on Explanation and Understanding},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Juha Manninen and Raimo Tuomela},
  pages = {209--232},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {ability;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kenny:1978a,
  author = {Anthony Kenny},
  title = {Practical Reasoning and Rational Appetite},
  booktitle = {Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Joseph Raz},
  pages = {63--80},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;desire;}  
  } 

@book{ kenny:1979a,
  author = {Anthony Kenny},
  title = {Aristotle's Theory of the Will},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  address = {New Haven},
  year = {1979},
  topic = {Aristotle;practical-reason;intention;volition;}  
    } 

@article{ kenyon:1999a,
  author = {Tim Kenyon},
  title = {Truth, Knowability, and Neutrality},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  number = {3},
  pages = {103--117},
  topic = {philosophical-realism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kerber:1998a,
  author = {M. Kerber},
  title = {Proof Planning: A Practical Approach to
			Mechanized Reasoning in Mathematics},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {III}, Applications},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ kernisbemer:1998a,
  author = {Gabriele Kern-Isbemer},
  title = {Characterizing the Principle of Minimum Cross-Entropy
		within a Conditional-Logical Framework},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {98},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {169--208},
  topic = {conditionals;probability;probabilistic-reasoning;
		world-entropy;}  
  } 

@book{ kernisberner:2001a,
  author = {G. Kern-Isberner},
  title = {Conditionals in Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Belief
  	Revision: Considering Conditionals as Agents},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-540-42367-2 (Softcover)},
  contentnote = {Blurb:
     Conditionals are omnipresent, in everyday life as well as in
     scientific environments; they represent generic knowledge
     acquired inductively or learned from books. They tie a flexible
     and highly interrelated network of connections along which
     reasoning is possible and which can be applied to different
     situations. Therefore, conditionals are important, but also
     quite problematic objects in knowledge representation.  This
     book presents a new approach to conditionals which captures
     their dynamic, non-proportional nature particularly well by
     considering conditionals as agents shifting possible worlds in
     order to establish relationships and beliefs. This understanding
     of conditionals yields a rich theory which makes complex
     interactions between conditionals transparent and operational.
     Moreover,it providesa unifying and enhanced framework for
     knowledge representation, nonmonotonic reasoning, belief
     revision,and even for knowledge discovery.  } ,
  topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kerniserner:2002a,
  author = {Gabriele Kern-Iserner},
  title = {A Structural Approach to Default Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {147--157},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ kessler-etal:1997a1,
  author = {Brett Kessler and Geoffrey Nunberg and Hinrich Sch\"utze},
  title = {Automatic Detection of Text Genre},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.   Available at
	http://www.parc.xerox.com/istl/members/nunberg/.},
  topic = {document-classification;text-genre;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kessler-etal:1997a2,
  author = {Brett Kessler and Geoffrey Nunberg and Hinrich Sch\"utze},
  title = {Automatic Detection of Text Genre},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {32--38},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {genre-detection;document-classification;information-retrieval;}  
 } 

@book{ kessler:2001a,
  author = {Brett Kessler},
  title = {The Significance of Word Lists},
  publisher = {CLSI Publications},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {1-58586-299-9},
  xref = {Review: kondrak:2001a.},
  topic = {computational-historical-linguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kfirdahav-tennenholz:1996a,
  author = {Noa E. Kfir-Dahav and Moshe Tennenholz},
  title = {Multi-Agent Belief Revision},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {175--196},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {belief-revision;social-choice-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ khalfa:1994a,
  editor = {Jean Khalfa},
  title = {What is Intelligence?},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Jean Khalfa, "Introduction: What is Intelligence?", pp. 1--12
  	2. Richard Gregory, "Seeing Intelligence", pp. 13--26
  	3. Nicholas Mackintosh, "Intelligence in Evolution", pp. 27--
  	4. George Butterworth, "Infant Intelligence", pp. 49--71
  	5. Roger Shcank and Lawrence Birnbaum, "Enhancing
		Intelligence", pp. 72--106
  	6. Roger Penrose, "Mathematical Intelligence", pp. 107--136
  	7. Simha Arom, "Intelligence in Traditional Music", pp. 137--160
  	8. Daniel Dennett, "Language and Intelligence", pp. 161--178
  	9. Dan Sperber, "Understanding Verbal Understanding", pp. 179--198
  } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;foundations-of-cognition;}  
 } 

@incollection{ khalfa:1994b,
  author = {Jean Khalfa},
  title = {Introduction: What is Intelligence?},
  booktitle = {What is Intelligence?},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jean Khalfa},
  pages = {1--12},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;intelligence;foundations-of-cognition;}  
  } 

@article{ khalidi:1998a,
  author = {Muhammad Ali Khalidi},
  title = {Natural Kinds and Crosscutting Categories},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {95},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--50},
  topic = {taxonomies;natural-kinds;}  
  } 

@article{ khalidi:2001a,
  author = {Muhammed Ali Khalidi},
  title = {Review of {\it Dynamics in Action: Intentional Behavior as
  	a Complex System}, by {A}licia {J}uarrero},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {3},
  pages = {469--472},
  xref = {Review of: juarrero:1999a.},
  topic = {action;intention;nonlinear-systems;emergence;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ khardon-roth:1995a,
  author = {Roni Khardon and Dan Roth},
  title = {Default-Reasoning With Models},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {319--325},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {kr;default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
 } 

@article{ khardon-roth:1996a,
  author = {Roni Khardon and Dan Roth},
  title = {Reasoning with Models},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {87},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {187--213},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;model-based-reasoning;abduction;}  
  } 

@article{ khardon-roth:1997a,
  author = {Roni Khardon and Dan Roth},
  title = {Defaults and Relevance in Model-Based Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {97},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {169--193},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;relevance;model-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ khardon:1999a,
  author = {Roni Khardon},
  title = {Learning Action Strategies for Planning Domains},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {113},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {125--148},
  topic = {machine-learning;planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kibble:1999a,
  author = {Rodger Kibble},
  title = {Cb or Not {Cb}?: Centering Theory Applied to
     		{NLG}},
  booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and
  	Reference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu},
  pages = {72--81},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {anaphora;nl-generation;centering;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kibble-power:1999a,
  author = {Rodger Kibble and Richard Power},
  title = {Using Centering Theory to Plan Coherent Texts},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {187--192},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {centering;coherence;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@article{ kibble:2001a,
  author = {Rodger Kibble},
  title = {A Reformulation of Rule 2 of Centering Theory},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {4},
  pages = {588--587},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;centering;} 
  } 

@article{ kibler:1999a,
  author = {Dennis Kibler},
  title = {Review of {\it Empirical Methods for Artificial
  	Intelligence}, by {P}aul {R}. {C}ohen},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {113},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {281--284},
  xref = {Review of cohen_pr2:1995a.},
  topic = {experimental-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ kiefer-ruwet:1973a,
  editor = {Ferenc  Kiefer and Nicholas Ruwet},
  title = {Generative Grammar in {E}urope},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1973},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027702187},
  topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;} 
 } 

@article{ kiefer_f:1978a,
  author = {Ferenc Kiefer},
  title = {Adjectives and Presupposition},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2/3},
  pages = {137--173},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ kiefer_he-munitz:1970a,
  editor = {Howard E. Kiefer and Milton M. Munitz},
  title = {Language, Belief and Metaphysics},
  publisher = {State University of New York Press},
  year = {1970},
  address = {Albany, New York},
  ISBN = {0873950518},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;philosophy-of-language;metaphysics;}  
 } 

@article{ kielkopf:1973a,
  author = {Charles F. Kielkopf},
  title = {Office-Holder Vs. Office Quantifiers},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  missinginfo = {321--339},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@article{ kielkopf:1974a,
  author = {Charles F. Kielkopf},
  title = {Semantics for a Utilitarian Deontic Logic},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {14},
  number = {56},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {deontic-logic;utility;}  
  } 

@article{ kieseppa:1996a,
  author = {I.A. Kiesepp\"a},
  title = {Truthlikeness for Hypotheses Expressed in Terms of N
  	Qualitative Variables},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {109--134},
  topic = {truthlikeness;measure-theoretic-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kietz-etal:2000a,
  author = {J\"org-Uwe Kietz and Raphael Volz and Alexander Maedche},
  title = {Extracting a Domain-Specific Ontology from a Corporate
  	Intranet},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {167--175},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;knowledge-acquisition;
  	computational-ontology;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ kievit:1998a,
  author = {L. Kievit},
  title = {Context-Driven Natural Language Interpretation},
  school = {Tilburg University},
  year = {1998},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Tilburg},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;context;}  
 } 

@techreport{ kifer-etal:1991a,
  author = {Michael Kifer and Georg Lausen and James Wu},
  title = {Logical foundations of Object-Oriented and Frame-Based
  	Languages},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, State University of
  	New York at Stony Brook},
  number = {90/14},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Stony Brook, NY 11794},
  topic = {frames;inheritance;}  
  } 

@article{ kifer-lozinski:1992a,
  author = {Michael Kifer and E.L. Lozinski},
  title = {A Logic for Reasoning With Inconsistency},
  journal = {Journal of Automated Deduction},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {179--215},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kilgarrif:1995a,
  author = {Adam Kilgarrif},
  title = {Inheriting Polysemy},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {319--335},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-kr;polysemy;computational-lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kim_cw:1971a,
  author = {Chu-Wu Kim},
  title = {Experimental Phonetics},
  booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science},
  publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of
		Maryland.},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {William Orr Dingwall},
  pages = {17--135},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {phonetics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kim_hs:1999a,
  author = {Harksoo Kim and Jeong-Mi Cho and Jungyun Seo},
  title = {Anaphora Resolution Using an Extended Centering Algorithm in a
  	Multi-Modal Dialogue System},
  booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and
  	Reference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu},
  pages = {21--28},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;centering;multimodal-communication;
  	computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kim_j2-rosenbloom:1996a,
  author = {Jihie Kim and Paul S. Rosenbloom},
  title = {Learning Efficient Rules by Maintaining
		the Explanation Process},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {763--770},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ kim_jh-rosenbloom:2000a,
  author = {Jihie Kim and Paul S. Rosenbloom},
  title = {Bounding the Cost of Learned Rules},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {120},
  number = {1},
  pages = {43--80},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In this article we approach one key aspect of the utility
     problem in explanation-based learning (EBL)---the
     expensive-rule problem---as an avoidable defect in the learning
     procedure. In particular, we examine the relationship between
     the cost of solving a problem without learning versus the cost
     of using a learned rule to provide the same solution, and refer
     to a learned rule as expensive if its use is more costly than
     the original problem solving from which it was learned. The key
     idea we explore is that expensiveness is inadvertently and
     unnecessarily introduced into learned rules by the learning
     algorithms themselves.  This becomes a particularly powerful
     idea when combined with an analysis tool which identifies these
     hidden sources of expensiveness, and modifications of the
     learning algorithms which eliminate them.  The result is
     learning algorithms for which the cost of learned rules is
     bounded by the cost of the problem solving that they replace.},
  topic = {explanation-based-learning;utility-of-learned-information;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kim_jw:1970a,
  author = {Jaegwon Kim},
  title = {Events and Their Descriptions: Some Considerations},
  booktitle = {Essays in Honor of {C}arl {G}. {H}empel},
  publisher = {D. Reidel},
  year = {1970},
  editor = {Nicholas Rescher},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  pages = {199--215},
  topic = {events;}  
  } 

@article{ kim_jw:1971a,
  author = {Jaegwon Kim},
  title = {Causes and Events: {M}ackie on Causation},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {68},
  number = {14},
  pages = {426--441},
  topic = {causality;events;}  
  } 

@article{ kim_jw:1973a,
  author = {Jaegwon Kim},
  title = {Causation, Nomic Subsumption, and the Concept of Event},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {70},
  number = {8},
  pages = {217--236},
  topic = {causality;events;}  
  } 

@article{ kim_jw:1973b,
  author = {Jaegwon Kim},
  title = {Causes and Counterfactuals},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {70},
  number = {17},
  pages = {570--572},
  topic = {causality;conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kim_jw:1978a,
  author = {Jaegwon Kim},
  title = {Causation, Emphasis, and Events},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {379--382},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {events;JL-Austin;sentence-focus;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kim_jw:1979a,
  author = {Jaegwon Kim},
  title = {Causality, Identity, and Supervenience in the Mind-Body
  	Problem},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}:
  	Studies in Metaphysics},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {31--49},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;supervenience;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kim_jw:1984a,
  author = {Jaegwon Kim},
  title = {Epiphenomenal and Supervenient Causes},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {257--270},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;supervenience;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@article{ kim_jw:1985a,
  author = {Jaegwon Kim},
  title = {Supervenience, Determination, and Reduction},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {82},
  number = {11},
  pages = {616--618},
  topic = {supervenience;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kim_jw:1989a,
  author = {Jaegwon Kim},
  title = {Mechanism, Purpose, and Explanatory Exclusion},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {77--108},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {reasons-for-action;}  
  } 

@book{ kim_jw:1993a,
  author = {Jaegwon Kim},
  title = {Supervenience and Mind: Selected Philosophical Essays},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {supervenience;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kim_jw:1993b,
  author = {Jaegwon Kim},
  title = {The Non-Reductivist's Troubles with Mental
       		Causation},
  booktitle = {Mental Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele},
  pages = {189--210},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kim_jw:1993c,
  author = {Jaegwon Kim},
  title = {Can Supervenience and `Non-Strict Laws'
		Save Anomalous Monism?},
  booktitle = {Mental Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele},
  pages = {19--26},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;anomalous-monism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kim_jw:1997a,
  author = {Jaegwon Kim},
  title = {The Mind-Body Problem: Taking Stock after Forty Years},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and
  	World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {185--207},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ kim_jw:1998a,
  author = {Jaegwon Kim},
  title = {Mind in a Physical World:  An Essay on the Mind-Body
  	Problem and Mental Causation},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-61153-8},
  xref = {Reviews: glymour:1999a, loewer:2001a, crisp-warfield:2001a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mind-body-problem;reasons-for-action;
  	causality;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ kim_y-peters:1995a,
  author = {Yookyung Kim and Stanley Peters},
  title = {Semantic and Pragmatic Context-Dependence: The
		Case of Reciprocals},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {148--167},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;context;reciprical-constructions;}  
  } 

@book{ kimber-smith_c:2001a,
  author = {Efim Kimber and Carl Smith},
  title = {Theory of Computing: A Gentle Introduction},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Upper Saddle River, New Jersey},
  topic = {automata-theory;finite-state-automata;computability;
  	context-free-grammars;complexity-theory;theoretical-cs-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ kimble_g:1995a,
  author = {Gregory A. Kimble},
  title = {Psychology: The Hope of a Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {foundations-of-psychology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kincaid:2000a,
  author = {Harold Kincaid},
  title = {Global Arguments and Local Realism about the Social Sciences},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S667--S678},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-social-science;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kindt:1981a,
  author = {Walther Kindt},
  title = {Word Semantics and Conversational Analysis},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {500--509},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;conversation-analysis;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kindt:1983a,
  author = {Walther Kindt},
  title = {Two Approaches to Vagueness: Theory of Interaction and
  	Topology},
  booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal},
  pages = {361--392},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {vagueness;context;dynamic-logic;topology;}  
  } 

@book{ king_ja:2000a,
  author = {Julie Adair King},
  title = {Digital Photography for Dummies},
  publisher = {IDG Books},
  year = {2000},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {digital-photography;}  
 } 

@article{ king_jc:1987a,
  author = {Jeffrey C. King},
  title = {Pronouns, Descriptions and the Semantics of Discourse},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {51},
  pages = {351--363},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {anaphora;nl-quantification;}  
  } 

@article{ king_jc:1993a,
  author = {Jeffrey C King},
  title = {Intentional Identity Generalized},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {61--93},
  topic = {intentional-identity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ king_jc:1994a,
  author = {Jeffrey C. King},
  title = {Anaphora and Operators},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {221--250},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {anaphora;modal-subordination;intentional-identity;}  
  } 

@article{ king_jc:1994b,
  author = {Jeffrey C. King},
  title = {Can Propositions Be Naturalistically Acceptible?},
  journal = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {53--75},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;structured-propositions;
  	foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ king_jc:1995a,
  author = {Jeffrey C. King},
  title = {Structured Propositions and Complex Predicates},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {29},
  number = {4},
  pages = {516--535},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;structured-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ king_jc:1996a,
  author = {Jeffrey C. King},
  title = {Structured Propositions and Sentence Structure},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {5},
  pages = {495--521},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;structured-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ king_jc:1999a,
  author = {Jeffrey C. King},
  title = {Are Complex `That' Phrases Devices of Direct
		Reference?},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  number = {2},
  pages = {155--182},
  topic = {reference;demonstratives;}  
  } 

@book{ king_jc:2001a,
  author = {Jeffrey C. King},
  title = {Complex Demonstratives: A Quantificational Account},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-61169-4},
  topic = {demonstratives;nl-quantification;}  
 } 

@article{ king_jl:1979a,
  author = {John L. King},
  title = {Bivalence and the Sorites Paradox},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {17--25},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@book{ king_m:1983a,
  editor = {Margaret King},
  title = {Parsing Natural Language},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {London},
  topic = {nlp-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ king_m:1987a,
  author = {Margaret King},
  title = {Machine Translation: The State of the Art},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {machine-translation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ king_m:1994a,
  author = {Margaret King},
  title = {On the Proper Place of Semantics in Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of Don Walker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {41--57},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {machine-translation;computational-lexical-semantics;
  	computational-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ king_pj:1994a,
  author = {Paul John King},
  title = {Reconciling {A}ustinian and {R}ussellian Accounts of the
  	{L}iar {P}aradox},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {5},
  pages = {451--494},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;propositions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ king_pj-simov:1997a,
  author = {Paul John King and Kiril Ivanov Simov},
  title = {The Automatic Deduction of Classificatory Systems
		from Linguistic Theories},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {248--273},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ king_pj-etal:1999a,
  author = {Paul John King and Kiril Ivanov Simov and Bj{\o}rn Aldag},
  title = {The Complexity of Modellability in Finite and Computable
  	Signatures of a Constraint Logic for Head-Driven Phrase
	Structure Grammar},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {83--110},
  topic = {HPSG;grammar-formalisms;decidability;grammar-logics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kinny-georgeff:1991a,
  author = {D. N. Kinny and M. P. Georgeff},
  title = {Commitment and Effectiveness of Situated Agents},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Barbara Grosz and John Mylopoulos},
  pages = {82--88},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {intention;agent-attitudes;practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ kiparsky_p:1968a,
  author = {Paul Kiparsky},
  title = {How Abstract Is Phonology?},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1968},
  address = {[Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {phonology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kiparsky_p-kiparsky_c:1970a1,
  author = {Paul Kiparsky and Carol Kiparsky},
  title = {Fact},
  booktitle = {Progress in Linguistics:  A Collection of Papers},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Manfred Bierwisch and Karl Erich Heidolph},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  address = {The Hague},
  xref = {Republication: kiparsky_p-kiparsky_c:1970a2.},
  topic = {(counter)factive-constructions;presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kiparsky_p-kiparsky_c:1970a2,
  author = {Paul Kiparsky and Carol Kiparsky},
  title = {Fact},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {345--369},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Original publication: kiparsky_p-kiparsky_c:1970a2.},
  topic = {(counter)factive-constructions;presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kiparsky_p:1971a,
  author = {Paul Kiparsky},
  title = {Historical Linguistics},
  booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science},
  publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of
		Maryland.},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {William Orr Dingwall},
  pages = {576--649},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {historical-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kiparsky_p:1972a,
  author = {Paul Kiparsky},
  title = {Explanation in Phonology},
  booktitle = {Goals of Linguistic Theory},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Stanley Peters},
  pages = {189--227},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  topic = {phonology;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kiparsky_p:1973a,
  author = {Paul Kiparsky},
  title = {\,`Elsewhere' in Phonology},
  booktitle = {A {F}estschrift for {M}orris {H}alle},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Stephen R. Anderson and Paul Kiparsky},
  pages = {93--106},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {phonology;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kiparsky_p:1977a,
  author = {Paul Kiparsky},
  title = {What Are Phonological Theories about?},
  booktitle = {Testing Linguistic Hypotheses},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David Cohen and Jessica Worth},
  pages = {187--209},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;phonology;}  
  } 

@book{ kiparsky_p:1982a,
  author = {Paul Kiparsky},
  title = {Explanation In Phonology},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9070176378},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. "Sound Change", pp. 1--11
     2. "Linguistic Universals and Linguistic Change", pp. 13--43
     3. "Historical Linguistics", pp. 45--55
     4. "Historical Linguistics", pp. 57--80
     5. "Explanation in Phonology", pp. 81--118
     6. "How Abstract is Phonology?", pp. 119--163
     7. "Productivity in Phonology", pp. 165--173
     8. "From Paleogrammarians to Neogrammarians", pp. 175--188
     9. "On the Evaluation Measure", pp. 189--197
    10. "Remarks on Analogical Change", pp. 199--215
    11. "Analogical Change as a Problem for Linguistic 
    		Theory", pp. 217--236
  } ,
  topic = {phonology;linguistics-methodology;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ kipp-etal:1999a,
  author = {Michael Kipp and Jan Alexandersson and Norbert
  		Reithinger},
  title = {Understanding Spontaneous Negotiation Dialogue},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jan Alexandersson},
  pages = {57--64},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;negotiation-subdialogs;
  	spoken-dialogue-systems;}  
  } 

@book{ kirakowski-corbett:1990a,
  author = {Jurek Kirakowski and Mary Corbett},
  title = {Effective Methodology for the Study of {HCI}},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444884475},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ kiraz:1996a,
  author = {George A. Kiraz},
  title = {{SEMHE}: A Generalized Two-Level System},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {159--166},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {two-level-morphology;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ kiraz:1997a,
  author = {George Anton Kiraz},
  title = {Compiling Regular Formalisms with Rule Features
  	into Finite-State Automata},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {329--336},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {finite-state-automata;finite-state-nlp;}  
 } 

@article{ kiraz:2000a,
  author = {George Anton Kiraz},
  title = {Multitiered Nonlinear Morphology Using
  	Multitape Finite State Automata: A Case Study
	in {S}yriac and {A}rabic},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {77--105},
  topic = {finite-state-phonology;finite-state-morpology;
  	Arabic-language;nonlinear-morphology;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kirby-kahn:1995a,
  author = {R. James Kirby and Roger E. Kahn},
  title = {An Architecture for Vision and Action},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {72--79},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {action;computer-vision;foundations-of-robotics;}  
  } 

@article{ kirk:1998a,
  author = {John M. Kirk},
  title = {Review of {\it Corpus Linguistics}, by {T}ony {M}c{E}nerny
  	and {A}ndrew {W}ilson and of {\it Language and Computers: A
	Practical Introduction to the Computer Analysis of Language},
	by {G}eoff {B}arnstock},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {333--335},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ kirkham:1992a,
  author = {Richard L. Kirkham},
  title = {Theories of Truth: A Critical Introduction},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {truth;}  
 } 

@article{ kirousis:1993a,
  author = {Lefteris M. Kirousis},
  title = {Fast Parallel Constraint Satisfaction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {64},
  number = {1},
  pages = {147--160},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We describe a class of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs)
     for which a global solution can be found by a fast parallel
     algorithm. No relaxation preprocessing is needed for the
     parallel algorithm to work on this class of CSPs. The result is
     motivated from the problem of labelling a 2-D line drawing of a
     3-D object by the Clowes-Huffman-Malik labelling scheme-an
     important application of CSP in computer vision. For such a CSP,
     the constraint graph can be general, but the constraint
     relations are usually of the type we call implicational. It is
     shown here that a CSP with this type of constraint relations
     (and no restrictions on its graph) can be solved by an efficient
     (i.e., with polynomial time complexity) sequential algorithm.
     Also, it is shown that it can be solved by a fast parallel
     algorithm that executes in time O(log3 n) with O((m+n3)/ log n)
     processors on an exclusive-read exclusive-write parallel random
     access machine (n is the number of variables and m is the number
     of constraint relations-the constraint relations may have arity
     more than two).
  } ,
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;parallel-processing;constraint-satisfaction;
  	polynomial-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ kirsh:1991a,
  author = {David Kirsh},
  title = {Foundations of {AI}: The Big Issues},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {47},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {3--30},
  contentnote = {This is a survey discussion of 5 issues that Kirsh
  	claims are fundamental in AI.  (1) Core AI should begin with
	knowledge-level issues. (2) Cognition can be studied as a
	disembodied process.  (3) Cognition is nicely described in
	propositional terms (4) We can study cognition separately
	from learning.  (5) There is a single architecture underlying
	cognition.},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ kirsh:1991b,
  author = {David Kirsh},
  title = {Today the Earwig, Tomorrow Man?},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {47},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {161--184},
  topic = {reactive-AI;minimalist-robotics;foundations-of-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ kirsh:1995a,
  author = {David Kirsh},
  title = {The Intelligent Use of Space},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {73},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {31--68},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The objective of this essay is to provide the beginning of a
     principled classification of some of the ways space is
     intelligently used.  Studies of planning have typically focused
     on the temporal ordering of action, leaving as unaddressed,
     questions of where to lay down instruments, ingredients,
     work-in-progress, and the like.  But, in having a body, we are
     spatially located creatures: we must always be facing some
     direction, have only certain objects in view, be within reach of
     certain others.  How we manage the spatial arrangement of items
     around us, is not an afterthought; it is an integral part of the
     way we think, plan and behave.  The proposed classification has
     three main categories: spatial arrangements that simplify
     choice; spatial arrangements that simplify perception; and
     spatial dynamics that simplify internal computation.  The data
     for such a classification is drawn from videos of cooking,
     assembly and packing, everyday observations in supermarkets,
     workshops and playrooms, and experimental studies of subjects
     playing Tetris, the computer game.  This study, therefore,
     focusses on interactive processes in the medium and short term:
     on how agents set up their workplace for particular tasks, and
     how they continuously manage that workplace.  } ,
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;spatial-arrangement-tasks;}  
  } 

@article{ kisielewicz:1998a,
  author = {Andrzej Kisielewicz},
  title = {A Very Strong Set Theory?},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {171--178},
  topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;axiom-of-comprehension;}  
  } 

@article{ kiss:1998a,
  author = {E. Kiss},
  title = {Identificational Focus Versus Information Focus},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {74},
  pages = {245--273},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {sentence-focus;}  
  } 

@book{ kitahara:1997a,
  author = {Hisatsugu Kitahara},
  title = {Elementary Operations and Optimal Derivations},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-syntax;syntactic-minimalism;}  
 } 

@article{ kitano:1999a,
  author = {Hiroaki Kitano},
  title = {Preface},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {110},
  number = {2},
  pages = {189--191},
  note = {Introduction to an issue on RoboCup.},
  topic = {RoboCup;robotics;}  
  } 

@article{ kitcher:1978a,
  author = {Philip Kitcher},
  title = {Positive Understatement: The Logic of Attributive
  	Adjectives},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--17},
  topic = {semantics-of-adjectives;vagueness;comparative-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ kitcher:1984a,
  author = {Philip Kitcher},
  title = {Species},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {51},
  number = {2},
  pages = {308--333},
  topic = {species;philosophy-of-biology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kitcher:2000a,
  author = {Philip Kitcher},
  title = {Reviving the Sociology of Science},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S33--S44},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {sociology-of-science;}  
  } 

@article{ kittay:1984a,
  author = {Eva Feder Kittay},
  title = {The Identification of Metaphor},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {58},
  number = {2},
  pages = {153--202},
  topic = {metaphor;implicature;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ kittredge-etal:1991a,
  author = {Richard Kittredge and Tanya Korelsky and Owen Rambow},
  title = {On the Need for Domain Communication Knowledge},
  year = {1991},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  topic = {nl-generation;kr;kr-course;}  
} 

@article{ kivinen-etal:1997a,
  author = {J. Kivinen and M.K. Warmuth and P. Auer},
  title = {The Perception Algorithm Versus Winnow:  Linear Versus
		Logarithmic Mistake Bounds when Few Input Variables are
		Relevant},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {97},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {325--343},
  topic = {relevance;perceptrons;}  
  } 

@incollection{ klabunde-jansche:1998a,
  author = {Ralf Klabunde and Martin Jansche},
  title = {Abductive Reasoning for Syntactic Realization},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {108--117},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;abduction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ klahr:1996a,
  author = {David Klahr},
  title = {Scientific Discovery Processes in Children, Adults,
  	and Machines},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {325--355},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;automated-scientific-discovery;
  	scientific-discovery;}  
  } 

@incollection{ klavans:1994a,
  author = {Judith L. Klavans},
  title = {Visions of the Digital Library: Views
   		on Using Computational Linguistics and Semantic
		Nets in Information Retrieval},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {227--236},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {machine-readable-dictionaries;semantic-nets;
  	information-retrieval;}  
  } 

@book{ klavans-resnik:1996a,
  editor = {Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik},
  title = {The Balancing Act:  Combining Symbolic and Statistical
  	Approaches to Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Steven Abney, "Statistical Methods and Linguistics", pp. 1--26
	2. Hiyan Alshawi, "Qualitative and Quantitative Models
		of Speech Translation", pp. 27--48
	3. B\'eatrice Daille, "Study and Implementation of Combined
		Techniques for Automatic Extraction of Terminology",
		pp. 49--66
	4. Vasileios Hatzivassilogou, "Do We Need a Linguistics When
		We have Statistics?  A Comparative Analysis of the
		Contributions of Linguistic Cues to a Statistical
		Word Grouping System", pp. 67--94
	5. Shayam Kapur and Robin Clark, "The Automatic Construction
		of a Symbolic Parser Via Statistical Techniques",
		pp. 95--117
	6. Patti Price, "Combining Linguistic with Statistical
		Methods in Automatic Speech Understanding",
		pp. 119--133
	7. Lance A. Ramshaw and Mitchell P. Marcus, "Exploring the
		the Nature of Transformation-Based Learning",
		pp. 135--156
       10. Carolyn Pennstein Ros\'e and Alex H. Waibel, "Recovering
       		from Parser Failures: A Hybrid Statistical and
		Symbolic Approach", pp. 157--179
   } ,
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;statistical-nlp;}  
 } 

@book{ kleene:1952a,
  author = {Steven C. Kleene},
  title = {Introduction to Metamathematics},
  publisher = {Van Nostrand},
  year = {1952},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {logic-classics;proof-theory;recursion-theory;
  	goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kleene:1952b,
  author = {Stephen C. Kleene},
  title = {Permutation of inferences in {Gentzen}'s calculi {LK} and {LJ}},
  booktitle = {Two papers on the Predicate Calculus},
  publisher = {American Mathematical Society},
  editor = {Stephen Kleene},
  address = {Providence, RI},
  year = {1952},
  pages = {1--26},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ kleene:1952c,
  author = {Stephen Cole Kleene},
  title = {Two Papers on the Predicate Calculus},
  publisher = {American Mathematical Society},
  year = {1952},
  address = {Providence},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ kleene:1965a,
  author = {Stephen C. Kleene},
  title = {Logical Calculus and Realizability},
  journal = {Acta Philosophical Fennica},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {71--80},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ kleene:1967a,
  author = {Steven C. Kleene},
  title = {Mathematical Logic},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1967},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {logic-classics;proof-theory;goedels-first-theorem;
  	goedels-second-theorem;computability;recursion-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ kleene-vesley:1987a,
  author = {Stephen C. Kleene and Richard E. Vesley},
  title = {The Foundations of Intuitionistic Mathematics; Especially In
    Relation To Recursive Functions},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;intuitionistic-mathematics;
  	recursion-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kleene:1988a,
  author = {Steven C. Kleene},
  title = {Turing's Analysis of Computability,
		and Major Applications of It},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {17--54},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {Turing;history-of-theory-of-computation;
  	theory-of-computation;}  
  } 

@article{ kleiman:1986a,
  author = {Ruben J. Kleiman},
  title = {Review of {\it Semantics and Cognition}, by {R}ay
  	{J}ackendoff},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {29},
  number = {2},
  pages = {225--235},
  xref = {Review of jackendoff:1983a.},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ klein_da:1994a,
  author = {David A. Klein},
  title = {Decision-Analytic Intelligent Systems},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {implementations-of-decision-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ klein_da-shortliffe:1994a,
  author = {David A. Klein and Edward H. Shortliffe},
  title = {A Framework for Explaining Decision-Theoretic Advice},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {67},
  number = {2},
  pages = {201--243},
  topic = {explanation;decision-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ klein_e:1975a,
  author = {Ewan Klein},
  title = {Two Sorts of Factive Predicates},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Bedford College, London.},
  topic = {(counter)factive-constructions;presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ klein_e:1975b,
  author = {Ewan Klein},
  title = {{VP} and Sentence Pro-Forms in {M}ontague Grammar},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Bedford College, London.},
  topic = {VP-ellipsis;VP-pro-forms;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ klein_e:1976a,
  author = {Ewan Klein},
  title = {Theoretical Issues in Formal Semantics and Child Language},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Bedford College, London.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;L1-acquisition;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ klein_e:1976b,
  author = {Ewan Klein},
  title = {Comparatives, Intensionality, and Contexts},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Bedford College, London.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;context;comparative-constructions;
  	vagueness;context;}  
  } 

@article{ klein_e:1979a,
  author = {Ewan Klein},
  title = {On Formalizing the Referential/Attributive Distinction},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {333--337},
  topic = {referring-expressions;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ klein_e:1979b,
  author = {Ewan Klein},
  title = {On Sentences Which Report Beliefs, Desires, and Other
  	Propositional Attitudes},
  school = {University of Cambridge},
  year = {1979},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;definite-descriptions;referential-opacity;
		indexicality;indefiniteness;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ klein_e:1979c,
  author = {Ewan Klein},
  title = {Defensible Descriptions},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Sussex.},
  topic = {reference;definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ klein_e:1980a,
  author = {Ewan Klein},
  title = {Determiners and the Category Q*},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Sussex.},
  topic = {GPSG;}  
  } 

@article{ klein_e:1980b,
  author = {Ewan Klein},
  title = {A Semantics for Positive and Comparative Adjectives},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--45},
  topic = {nl-semantics;context;comparative-constructions;
  	vagueness;context;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ klein_e:1980c,
  author = {Ewan Klein},
  title = {The Interpretation of Adjectival Comparatives},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Sussex.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;comparative-constructions;vagueness;context;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ klein_e-sag:1982a,
  author = {Ewan Klein and Ivan Sag},
  title = {Semantic Type and Control},
  year = {1982},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Newcastle Upon Tyne and Stanford
  	University.},
  topic = {syntactic-control;}  
  } 

@article{ klein_e:1983a,
  author = {Ewan Klein},
  title = {Preface},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  note = {Preface to a special issue on pronouns and anaphora.},
  pages = {3--4},
  topic = {pronouns;anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ klein_e-sag:1985a,
   author = {Ewan Klein and Ivan Sag},
   title = {Type-Driven Translation},
   journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
   year = {1985},
   volume = {8},
   number = {2},
   pages = {163--201},
   topic = {syntax-semantics-interface;nl-semantics;GPSG;
   	nl-to-logic-mapping;}  
  } 

@incollection{ klein_e:1986a,
  author = {Ewan Klein},
  title = {{VP} Ellipsis in {DR} Theory},
  booktitle = {Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of
                   Generalized Quantifiers},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof},
  pages = {161--187},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {ellipsis;discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ klein_e-vanbenthem:1987a,
  editor = {Ewan Klein and Johan van Benthem},
  title = {Categories, Polymorphism and Unification},
  publisher = {Center for Cognitive Science, University of Edinburgh
  	and Institute for Language, Logic and Information, Univesity
	of Amsterdam},
  year = {19},
  address = {Edinburgh and Amsterdam},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;}  
 } 

@incollection{ klein_e:1989a,
  author = {Ewan Klein},
  title = {Grammar Frameworks},
  booktitle = {Logic and Linguistics},
  publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen},
  pages = {71--107},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ klein_m:1999a,
  author = {Marion Klein},
  title = {Standardisation Efforts on the Level of 
     		Dialogue Act in the {MATE} Project},
  booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging:
  	Proceedings of the Workshop},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {35--41},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-tagging;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@article{ klein_p:1976a,
  author = {Peter D. Klein},
  title = {Knowledge, Causality, and Defeasibility},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {18},
  number = {73},
  pages = {792--812},
  topic = {knowledge;epistemology;}  
  } 

@book{ klein_w-levelt:1981a,
  editor = {Wolfgang Klein and Willem Levelt},
  title = {Crossing The Boundaries In Linguistics: Studies Presented To
    {M}anfred {B}ierwisch},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {902771259X},
  topic = {linguistics-misc-collection;}  
 } 

@article{ kleiter:1992a,
  author = {Gernot D. Kleiter},
  title = {Bayesian Diagnosis in Expert Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {54},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--32},
  topic = {diagnosis;expert-systems;Bayesian-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ kleiter:1996a,
  author = {Gernot D. Kleiter},
  title = {Propagating Imprecise Probabilities in {B}ayesian Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {88},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {143--161},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;uncertain-probabilities;}  
  } 

@incollection{ klemke:1999a,
  author = {Roland Klemke},
  title = {The Notion of Context in Organizational Memories},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {483--487},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;organizational-memory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ klemke-nick:2001a,
  author = {Roland Klemke and Achim Nick},
  title = {Case Studies in Developing
    		Contextualizing Information Systems},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {457--460},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;information-retrieval;}  
  } 

@book{ kline_p:1998a,
  author = {Paul Kline},
  title = {The New Psychometrics: Science, Psychology, and
  	Measurement},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415187516},
  topic = {psychometrics;}  
 } 

@book{ kline_p:2000a,
  author = {Paul Kline},
  title = {A Psychometrics Primer},
  publisher = {Free Association Books},
  year = {2000},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {1853434884},
  topic = {psychometrics;}  
 } 

@article{ kling:1970a,
  author = {Robert E. Kling},
  title = {A Paradigm for Reasoning by Analogy},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {147--178},
  topic = {analogy;analogical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ klinger:1991a,
  editor = {Allen Klinger},
  title = {Human-Machine Interactive Systems},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0306437589},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@techreport{ klop-vrijer:1987a,
  author = {Jan Willem Klop and Roel de Vrijer},
  title = {Unique Normal Forms for Lambda Calculus with
  	Subjective Pairing},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information,
  	University of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--87--03},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science,
  	Roeterssraat 15, 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {lambda-calculus;}  
  } 

@book{ knapp:1981a,
  author = {Benjamin B. Wolman and Susan Knapp},
  edition = {2},
  title = {Contemporary Theories and Systems in Psychology},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0306405156},
  topic = {psychology-general;}  
 } 

@book{ kneale-kneale:1962a,
  author = {William Kneale and Martha Kneale},
  title = {The Development of Logic},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1962},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {history-of-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ knight-marcu:2002a,
  author = {Kevin Knight and Daniel Marcu},
  title = {Summarization beyond Sentence Extraction: A Probabilistic
  	Approach to Sentence Compression},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {139},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--107},
  topic = {text-summary;noisy-channel-models;} 
  } 

@article{ knight_jf-stob:2000a,
  author = {Julia F. Knight and Michael Stob},
  title = {Computable Boolean Algebras},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1605--1623},
  topic = {boolean-algebras;computability;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ knight_k-etal:1995a,
  author = {Kevin Knight and Ishwar Chander and Matthew Haines and
  	Vasileos Hatzivassiloglou and Eduard Hovy and Masayo Iida and
	Steve K. Luk and Richard Whitney and Kenji Yamada},
  title = {Filling Knowledge Gaps in a Broad-Coverage Machine Translation
  	System},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1390--1396},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {machine-translation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ knight_k-graehl:1997a,
  author = {Kevin Knight and Jonathan Graehl},
  title = {Machine Transliteration},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {128--135},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-translation;transliteration;}  
 } 

@article{ knight_k:1998a,
  author = {Kevin Knight},
  title = {Automating Knowledge Acquistition for Machine Translation},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {81--96},
  topic = {machine-translation;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ knight_k-graehl:1998b,
  author = {Kevin Knight and Jonathan Graehl},
  title = {Machine Transliteration},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {599--612},
  topic = {transliteration;}  
  } 

@article{ knight_k:1999a,
  author = {Kevin Knight},
  title = {Decoding Complexity in Word-Replacement Translation
  	Models},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {25},
  number = {4},
  pages = {607--615},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;machine-translation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ knoblock:1990a,
  author = {Craig A. Knoblock},
  title = {Learning Abstraction Hierarchies for Problem Solving},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {abstraction;abstraction-hierarchies;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ knoblock:1994a,
  author = {Craig A. Knoblock},
  title = {Automatically Generating Abstractions for Planning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {68},
  number = {2},
  pages = {243--302},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;abstraction;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ knoblock:1995a,
  author = {Craig A. Knoblock},
  title = {Planning, Executing, Sensing, and Replanning for Information
  	Gathering},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1686--1693},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {planning;plan-reuse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ knott:1998a,
  author = {Alisdair Knott},
  title = {Similarity and Context Relations and Inductive Rules},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {54--57},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;}  
  } 

@article{ knox:1972a,
  author = {N. Knox},
  title = {On the Classification of Ironies},
  journal = {Modern Philology},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {70},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--62},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {irony;}  
  } 

@book{ knuth:1973a,
  author = {Donald E. Knuth},
  title = {The Art of Computer Programming: Fundamental Algorithms},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {1},
  edition = {2},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  topic = {art-of-programming;algorithms;}  
 } 

@article{ knuth-moore_rw:1975a,
  author = {Donald E. Knuth and Ronald W. Moore},
  title = {An Analysis of Alpha-Beta Pruning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {293--326},
  topic = {AI-algorithms;search;AI-algorithms-analysis;}  
  } 

@book{ knuth:1986a,
  author = {Donald E. Knuth},
  title = {The {METAFONT} Book},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  topic = {computer-assisted-document-preparation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ knuth:1991b,
  author = {Donald E. Knuth},
  title = {Textbook Examples of Recursion},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {207--229},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {recursion-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ knuuttila:1981a,
  author = {Simo Knuuttila},
  title = {The Emergence of Deontic Logic in the
     		Fourteenth Century},
  booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Risto Hilpinen},
  pages = {225--248},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {deontic-logic;history-of-logic;scholastic-philosophy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ knuuttila:1994a,
  author = {Simo Knuuttila},
  title = {Topics in Late Medieval Intensional Logic},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {26--41},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {medieval-logic;intensional-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ ko_hp:1988a,
  author = {Hai-Ping Ko},
  title = {Geometry Theorem Proving by Decomposition of
  	Quasi-Algebraic Sets: An Application of the {R}itt-{W}u
	Principle},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {95--122},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We use differences of two algebraic sets, called quasi-algebraic
     sets, to represent various geometrical properties. To determine
     the truth value of a geometry statement, we use the Ritt-Wu
     Principle to decompose the corresponding algebraic difference
     set into disjoint triangular quasi-algebraic sets, and then
     examine properties of elements of these triangular
     quasi-algebraic sets.  } ,
  topic = {geometrical-reasoning;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kobsa:1989a,
  author = {Alfred Kobsa},
  title = {A Taxonomy of Beliefs and Goals for
	User Models in Dialog Systems},
  booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {52--73},
  address = {Berlin},
  contentnote = {This is a survey, mentioning eg the kinds of beliefs
  	you are likely to encounter in user modeling.},
  topic = {user-modeling;belief;desire;intention;}  
 } 

@book{ kobsa-wahlster:1989a,
  editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  title = {User Models in Dialog Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Berlin},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Wolfgang Wahlster and Alfred Kobsa, "User Models in
		Dialog Systems", pp. 4--34
  	2. Elaine Rich, "Stereotypes and User Modeling", pp. 35--51
  	3. Alfred Kobsa, "A Taxonomy of Beliefs and Goals for
		User Models in Dialog Systems", pp. 52--73
  	4. David N. Chin, "{KNOME}: Modeling What the User
		Knows in {UC}", pp. 74--107
  	5. Alexander Quilici, "Detecting and Responding to
		Plan-Oriented Misconceptions", pp. 108--132
  	6. Sandra Carberry, "Plan Recognition and Its Use in
		Understanding Dialog", pp. 133--162
  	7. Jill Fain Lehman and Jaime Carbonell, "Learning the
		User's Language: A Step Towards Automated
		Creation of User Models", pp. 163--194
  	8. C\'ecile Paris, "The Use of Explicit User Models
		in a Generation System for Tailoring Answers
		to the User's Level of Expertise", pp. 200--232
  	9. Kathleen F. McCoy, "Highlighting a User Model to
		Respond to Misconceptions", pp. 233--254
       10. Anthony Jameson, "But What Will the Listener
       		Think?  Belief Ascription and Image
		Maintenance in Dialog", pp. 255--312
       11. Robin Cohen and Marlene Jones, "Incorporating
       		User Models into Expert Systems for
		Educational Diagnosis", pp. 313--333
       12. Karen Sparck Jones, "Realism about User
       		Modeling", pp. 341--363
       13. Katherine Morik, "User Models and Conversational
       		Settings: Modelling the User's Wants", pp. 364--385
       14. Robert Kass, "Student Modeling and Intelligent
       		Tutoring---Implications for User
		Modeling", pp. 386--410
       15. Timothy W. Finin, "{GUMS}---A General User Modeling
       		Shell", pp. 411--430
  } ,
  ISBN = {0387183809 (paper)},
  topic = {user-modeling;discourse;computational-dialogue;}  
 } 

@incollection{ koch:1991a,
  author = {Gregers Koch},
  title = {Preliminary Investigations of the Implementation
       		of {PTQ} by Use of Data Flow},
  booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and
  	Discourse},
  publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Harold L. Somers},
  address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway},
  missinginfo = {pages   pages = {103--}},
  topic = {computational-linguistics;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ kochen:1974a,
  author = {Manfred Kochen},
  title = {Representations and Algorithms for Cognitive Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {199--216},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This is a report summarizing our progress towards a theory of
     cognitive learning. It is concerned with an algorithm that
     recognizes, selects and formulates in an internal language
     problems that arise in an external environment. This algorithm
     revises its representation of the environment and uses it to
     cope with self-selected problems.
      The algorithm depends on the formation of hypotheses and their
     use to select actions. The key ideas of this project are major
     new additions to a theory of representation of knowledge built
     on an inductive predicate logic.  } ,
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;learning;cognitive-modeling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kodeh-matsumoto_y:2000a,
  author = {Taku Kodeh and Yuji Matsumoto},
  title = {Use of Support Vector Learning for Chunk Identification},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {142--144},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;text-chunking;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kodratoff-ganascia:1984a,
  author = {Yves Kodratoff and Jean-Gabriel Ganascia},
  title = {Learning as a Non-Deterministic but Exact Logical
		Processes},
  booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects
  	of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Steve B. Torrance},
  pages = {182--191},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {machine-learning;concept-learning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ koehler:1992a,
  author = {Jana Koehler},
  title = {Towards a Logical Treatment of Plan Reuse},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on
               Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {285--286},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {planning;plan-reuse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ koehler:1994a,
  author = {Jana Koehler},
  title = {Flexible Plan Reuse in a Formal Framework},
  booktitle = {Current Trends in AI Planning},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Christer B\"ackstr\"om and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {171--184},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {planning;plan-reuse;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ koehler:1994b,
  author = {Jana Koehler},
  title = {An Application of Terminological Logics to Case-Based
  	Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94:  Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {J. Doyle and E. Sandewall and P. Torasso},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  pages = {351--362},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;case-based-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ koehler:1996a,
  author = {Jana Koehler},
  title = {Planning from Second Principles},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {87},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {145--146},
  contentnote = {Integrates KL1 with CBR, Plan Reuse.},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;case-based-reasoning;
  	plan-reuse;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ koehler-ottinger:2002a,
  author = {Jana Koehler and Daniel Ottinger},
  title = {An {AI}-Base Approach to Destination Control in Elevators},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {59--79},
  topic = {scheduling;} 
  } 

@article{ koenig_jp-davis_ar:2001a,
  author = {Jean-Pierre Koenig and Anthony R. Davis},
  title = {Sub-Lexical Modality and the Structure of Lexical
  	Semantic Representations},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {71--124},
  topic = {nl-modality;lexical-semantics;verb-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ koenig_s-simmons_rg:1994a,
  author = {Sven Koenig and Reid G. Simmons},
  title = {Risk-Sensitive Planning with Probabilistic Decision Graphs},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {363--373},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;planning;plan-evaluation;decision-theory;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ koenig_s:2001a,
  author = {Sven Koenig},
  title = {Minimax Real-Time Heuristic Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {129},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {165--197},
  topic = {plan-execution;heuristics;search;minimaxing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ koertge:2000a,
  author = {Noretta Koertge},
  title = {Science, Values, and the Value of Science},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S45--S57},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@article{ koffman-blount:1975a,
  author = {Elliot B. Koffman and Sumner E. Blount},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and Automatic Programming in
  	{CAI}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {215--234},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper discusses generative computer-assisted instruction
     (CAI) and its relationship to Artificial Intelligence Research.
     Systems which have a limited capability for natural language
     communication are described.  In addition, potential areas in
     which Artificial Intelligence could be applied are outlined.
     These include individualization of instruction, determining the
     degree of accuracy of a student response, and problem-solving.
     A CAI system which is capable of writing computer programs is
     described in detail.  Techniques are given for generating
     meaningful programming problems.  These problems are represented
     as a sequence of primitive tasks each of which can be coded in
     several ways.  The manner in which the system designs its own
     solution program and monitors the student solution is also
     described.},
  topic = {computer-assisted-instruction;automatic-programming;
  	intelligent-tutoring;}  
  } 

@article{ kohavi-john:1997a,
  author = {Ron Kohavi and George H. John},
  title = {Wrappers for Feature Subset Selection},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {97},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {273--323},
  topic = {relevance;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ kohl:1969a,
  author = {M. Kohl},
  title = {Bertrand {R}ussell on Vagueness},
  journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {147},
  pages = {31--41},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {vagueness;Russell;}  
  } 

@article{ kohlas-etal:1998a,
  author = {J. Kohlas and B. Anrig and R. Haenni and P.A. Monney},
  title = {Model-Based Diagnostics and Probabilistic
  	Assumption-Based Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {104},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {71--106},
  topic = {probabiliistic-reasoning;diagnosis;truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@article{ kohlenbach:2000a,
  author = {Ulrich Kohlenbach},
  title = {Review of {\it Epsilon Substitution Method for Elementary
  	Analysis}, by {G}rigori {M}ints, {S}ergei {T}upailo and
	{W}ilfried {B}uchholtz},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {356--357},
  xref = {Review of mints-etal:1996a.},
  topic = {epsilon-operator;elementary-analysis;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kohlhase:1998a,
  author = {M. Kohlhase},
  title = {Higher-Order Automated Theorem Proving},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kohlhase:1998b,
  author = {M. Kohlhase},
  title = {Introduction (to Part {I}: Automated
		Theorem Proving in Mathematics)},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {III}, Applications},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kohlhase:2000a,
  author = {Michael Kohlhase},
  title = {Model Generation for Discourse Representation Theory},
  booktitle = {14th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Werner Horn},
  publisher = {{IOS} Press},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {DRT;model-construction;} 
  } 

@article{ kohno-etal:1997a,
  author = {Takeshi Kohno and Susumu Hamada and Dai Araki and Shoichi
  	Kojima and Toshikazu Tanaka},
  title = {Error Repair and Knowledge Acquisition via Case-Based
  	Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {91},
  number = {1},
  pages = {85--101},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     To cope with the knowledge acquisition bottleneck, the authors
     propose a new architecture combining rule-based reasoning (RBR),
     case-based reasoning (CBR) and knowledge acquisition technology
     in a system which solves pattern search problems.  The RBR part
     searches for specified patterns in a large space represented by
     a network structure such as an LSI circuit diagram, which
     contains a great number of patterns and variations.  It then
     carries out specified actions, such as fault diagnosis, on the
     patterns that are found.  The outputs of the RBR part are
     transferred to the CBR part.  The user of the system detects and
     repairs a few pattern detection errors caused by the RBR part.
     The CBR part detects and repairs all remaining errors which can
     be estimated from the user detected ones.  The repaired results
     are sent back to the RBR part to recover the RBR output.  The
     repaired results are also stored automatically in the case base.
     Similar cases are grouped in a same case family.  The knowledge
     acquisition part relates each case family to an incomplete rule
     in the RBR knowledge base and proposes modifying the rule.
     Eventually, the system can obtain refined rules with the
     cooperation of domain experts.  Thus, the problem solving process
     and knowledge acquisition process are performed cyclically.  The
     architecture was successfully applied to a pair condition
     extraction problem for an analog LSI circuit layout system.},
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;knowledge-acquisition;
  	rule-based-reasoning;circuit-design;}  
  } 

@incollection{ koit-oim:2000a,
  author = {Mare Koit and Haldur Oim},
  title = {Dialogue Management in the Agreement Negotiation Process:
  		A Model that Involves Natural Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  pages = {102--111},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;negotiation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kokinov:1999a,
  author = {Boicho Kokinov},
  title = {Dynamics and Automaticity of Context: A
			Cognitive Modeling Approach},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {200--213},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kokinov-grinberg:2001a,
  author = {Boicho Kokinov and Maurice Grinberg},
  title = {Simulating Context Effects in Problem Solving with
  	{AMBR}},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {221--234},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;analogy;problem-solving;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ koktova:1987a,
  author = {Eva Koktova},
  title = {On the Scoping Properties of Negation, Focusing Particles and
  	Sentence Adverbials},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2/3},
  pages = {173--226},
  topic = {sentence-focus;nl-negation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ kolak:1998a,
  author = {Daniel Kolak},
  title = {Wittgenstein's {T}ractatus},
  publisher = {Mayfield Publishing Co.},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Mountain View, California},
  topic = {early-Wittgenstein;}  
 } 

@book{ kolb-monnich:1999a,
  editor = {Hans-Peter Kolb and Uwe M\"onnich},
  title = {The Mathematics of Syntactic Structures: Trees and
  	Their Logics},
  publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-11-016273-3},
  xref = {Review: penn:2000a.},
  topic = {mathematical-linguistics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ kolbe-walther:1995a,
  author = {Thomas Kolbe and Christoph Walther},
  title = {Second-Order Matching Modulo Evaluation---A Technique for
  	Reusing Proofs},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {190--195},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {theorem-proving;proof-reuse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kolbe-walther:1998a,
  author = {Thomas Kolbe and Christoph Walther},
  title = {Proof Analysis, Generalization, and Reuse},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;proof-reuse;}  
  } 

@article{ kolbel:2001a,
  author = {Max K\"olbel},
  title = {Two Dogmas of {D}avidsonian Semantics},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {98},
  number = {12},
  pages = {613--635},
  topic = {Davidson-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ koller-halpern:1992a,
  author = {Daphne Koller and Joswph Y. Halpern},
  title = {A Logic for Approximate Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {153--164},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ koller-halpern:1996a,
  author = {Daphne Koller and Joseph Y. Halpern},
  title = {Irrelevance and Conditioning in First-Order Probabilistic
  	Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {569--576},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;probability-semantics;nonmonotonic-logic;
  	conditioning-methods;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ koller-etal:1997a,
  author = {Daphne Koller and Alon Levy and Avi Pfeffer},
  title = {{\sc P-Classic:} A Tractable Probabilistic Description Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 1},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {390--397},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;
		taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;tractable-logics;krcourse;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ koller-pfeffer:1997a,
  author = {Daphne Koller and Avi Pfeffer},
  title = {Object-Oriented Bayesian Networks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on
		Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-97)},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {302--313},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ koller-pfeffer:1997b,
  author = {Daphne Koller and Avi Pfeffer},
  title = {Representations and Solutions for Game-Theoretic Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {167--215},
  topic = {game-theory;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@book{ kolmogorov:1933a1,
  author = {A.N. Kolmogorov},
  title = {Grundlagen der {W}ahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1933},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  xref = {See kolmogorov:1933a2 for translation.},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
 } 

@book{ kolmogorov:1956a2,
  author = {A.N. Kolmogorov},
  title = {Foundations of the Theory of Probability},
  publisher = {Chelsea},
  year = {1956},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  xref = {Original publication: kolmogorov:1933a1.},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ kolzer:1999a,
  author = {Anke K\"olzer},
  title = {Universal Dialogue Specification for Conversational
  		Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jan Alexandersson},
  pages = {65--72},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;spoken-dialogue-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ kondo:1989a,
  author = {Michiro Kondo},
  title = {{A1} is Not a Conservative Extension of {S4} but of
		{S5}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {321--323},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ kondrak-vanbeek:1997a,
  author = {Grzegorz Kondrak and Peter {van Beek}},
  title = {A Theoretical Evaluation of Selected Backtracking
  	Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {89},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {365--387},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;AI-algorithms-analysis;backtracking;}  
  } 

@article{ kondrak:2001a,
  author = {Grzegorz Kondrak},
  title = {Review of {\it The Significance of Word Lists}, by 
  	{B}rett {K}essler},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {4},
  pages = {588--591},
  xref = {Review of: kessler:2001a.},
  topic = {computational-historical-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ konieczny-pinoperez:1998a,
  author = {S\'ebastian Konieczny and Ram\'on Pino-P\'erez},
  title = {On the Logic of Merging},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {488--498},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;social-choice-theory;belief-revision;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ konieczny:2000a,
  author = {S\'ebastian Konieczny},
  title = {On the Difference between Merging Knowledge Bases and
  	Combining Them},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {135--144},
  topic = {knowledge-integration;}  
  } 

@incollection{ konieczny-etal:2002a,
  author = {S\'ebastien Konieczny and J\'erome Lang and Pierre Marquis},
  title = {Distance-Based Merging: A General Framework and Some
  	Complexity Results},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {97--},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;knowledge-integration;} 
  } 

@incollection{ konieczny-pinopirez:2002a,
  author = {S\'ebastien Konieczny and Ram\'on Pino Pirez},
  title = {On the Frontier between Arbitration and Majority},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {109--118},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;knowledge-integration;} 
  } 

@incollection{ konig:1981a,
  author = {Ekkehard K\"onig},
  title = {The Meaning of Scalar Particles in {G}erman},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {107--132},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nl-semantics;degree-modifiers;German-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ konig:1986a,
  author = {Ekkehard K\"onig},
  title = {Conditionals, Concessive Conditionals
    		and Concessives: Areas of Contrast, Overlap,
		and Neutralization},
  booktitle = {On Conditionals},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly},
  pages = {229--246},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {concessive-conditionals;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ konig_e-mengel:2000a,
  author = {Esther K\"onig and Andreas Mengel},
  title = {Review of {\em Linguistic Databases},
		edited by {J}ohn {N}erbonne},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {513--517},
  xref = {Review of nerbonne:1997a.},
  topic = {linguistic-databases;corpus-linguistics;
  	computer-assisted-science;computer-assisted-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ konig_e1:1977a,
  author = {Ekkehard K\"onig},
  title = {Temporal and Non-Temporal Uses of `Noch' and `Schon'
  	in {G}erman},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {173--198},
  topic = {still;already;German-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ konig_e1:1979a,
  author = {Ekkehard K\"onig},
  title = {A Semantic Analysis of German `Erst'\, } ,
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {148--160},
  topic = {nl-semantics;`only';}  
  } 

@techreport{ konolige:1983a,
  author = {Kurt Konolige},
  title = {A Deductive Model of Belief},
  institution = {AI Center, SRI International},
  number = {Technical Note 294},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;belief;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ konolige:1986a,
  author = {Kurt Konolige},
  title = {What Awareness Isn't: A Sentential View of Implicit and
  	Explicit Belief},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {241--250},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;epistemic-logic;belief;}  
  } 

@book{ konolige:1986b,
  author = {Kurt Konolige},
  title = {A Deduction Model of Belief},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  ISBN = {0934613087},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;belief;}  
 } 

@article{ konolige:1988a1,
  author = {Kurt Konolige},
  title = {On the Relation Between Default and Autoepistemic Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {3},
  pages = {343--382},
  note = {(See also erratum, Artificial Intelligence {\bf 41}(1): 115.)},
  xref = {Republication: konolige:1988a2.  Erratum: konolige:1990d.},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;default-logic;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ konolige:1988a2,
  author = {Kurt Konolige},
  title = {On the Relation Between Default and
         Autoepistemic Logic},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {195--226},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: konolige:1990a1.},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;default-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ konolige:1988b,
  author = {Kurt Konolige},
  title = {Hierarchic Autoepistemic Logic for Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell},
  pages = {439--443},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ konolige:1989a,
  author = {Kurt Konolige},
  title = {Quantification in Autoepistemic Logic},
  journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {275--300},
  topic = {autoepistemic-logic;}  
 } 

@misc{ konolige:1990a,
  author = {Kurt Konolige},
  title = {Intention, Commitment and Preference},
  howpublished = {MS},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {intention;qualitative-utility;preference;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ konolige:1990b,
  author = {Kurt Konolige},
  title = {A General Theory of Abduction},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Spring Symposium on Automated
  	Deduction},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {P. O'Rorke},
  pages = {62--66},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ konolige:1990c,
  author = {Kurt Konolige},
  title = {Explanatory Belief Ascription},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {85--96},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@article{ konolige:1990d,
  author = {Kurt Konolige},
  title = {On the Relation between Default Theories and Autoepistemic
             Logic (Erratum)},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {41},
  number = {1},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {115},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
    } 

@inproceedings{ konolige-pollack:1990a,
  author = {Kurt Konolige and Martha Pollack},
  title = {A Representationalist Theory of Intention},
  year = {1993},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {intention;}  
  } 

@incollection{ konolige:1992a,
  author = {Kurt Konolige},
  title = {Using Default and Causal Reasoning in Diagnosis},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {509--520},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;diagnosis;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ konolige:1992b,
  author = {Kurt Konolige},
  title = {Abduction Versus Closure in Causal Theories},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {53},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {255--272},
  topic = {abduction;diagnosis;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ konolige-pollack_me:1993a,
  author = {Kurt Konolige and Martha Pollack},
  title = {A Representationalist Theory of Intention},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {390--395},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {intention;agent-modeling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ konolige:1994a,
  author = {Kurt Konolige},
  title = {Easy to be Hard: Difficult Problems for Greedy Algorithms},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {374--378},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ konolige:1994b,
  author = {Kurt Konolige},
  title = {Autoepistemic Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence
   	         and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic
		 Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson},
  pages = {217--295},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ konolige:1996a,
  author = {Kurt Konolige},
  title = {Elements of Uncertain Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Philosophy and Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Andy Clark and Jes\'us Ezquerro and Jes\'us M. Larrazabal},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ konolige:1996b,
  author = {Kurt Konolige},
  title = {Abductive Theories in Artificial Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Gerhard Brewka},
  pages = {129--152},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@book{ konolige-etal:1996a,
  author = {Kurt Konolige and Gerd Brewka and J\"urgen Dix},
  title = {A Tutorial on Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning-survey;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ konrad:2000a,
  author = {Karsten Konrad},
  title = {Model Generation for Natural Language Interpretation
          and Analysis},
  school = {Universit\"at des Saarlandes},
  year = {2000},
  note = {Available at http://www.ags.uni-sb.de/\user{}konrad.},
  topic = {model-construction;}  
  } 

@book{ kooij:1971a,
  author = {J.G. Kooij},
  title = {Ambiguity in Natural Language: An Investigation
  	of Certain Problems in Its Description},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Review: nilsen:1973a.},
  topic = {ambiguity;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kool-etal:2000a,
  author = {Anne Kool and Walter Daelemans and Jakub Zavrel},
  title = {Genetic Algorithms for Feature Relevance Assignment in
  	Memory-Based Language Processing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {103--106},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;genetic-algorithms;
  	computational-morphology;hapax-legomena;}  
 } 

@techreport{ koomen:1989a,
  author = {Johannes A.G.M. Koomen},
  title = {The {\sc timelogic} Temporal Reasoning System},
  institution = {Computer Science Deaprtment, University of Rochester},
  number = {231},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Rochester, New York 14627},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ koomen:1989b,
  author = {Johannes A.G.M. Koomen},
  title = {Localizing Temporal Constraint Propagation},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {198--202},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;constraint-propagation;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ koons:1988a,
  author = {Robert C. Koons},
  title = {Doxastic Paradoxes without Self-Reference},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {29--41},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {intensional-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ koons:1990a,
  author = {Robert C. Koons},
  title = {Three Indexical Solutions to the Liar},
  booktitle = {Situation Theory and its Applications},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Robin Cooper and Kuniaki Mukai and John Perry},
  pages = {259--286},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;context;} 
  } 

@book{ koons:1992a,
  author = {Robert C. Koons},
  title = {Paradoxes of Belief and Strategic Rationality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;foundations-of-game-theory;
  	rationality;syntactic-attitudes;mutual-belief;
	semantic-paradoxes;context;}  
 } 

@incollection{ koons:1992b,
  author = {Robert C. Koons},
  title = {Doxastic Paradox and Reputation Effects in Iterated
  	Games},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {60--72},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;game-theory;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ koons:1993a,
  author = {Robert C. Koons},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Prediction, Causation, and Induction},
  year = {1993},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Philosophy Department, University
  	of Texas at Austin.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ koons:1994a,
  author = {Robert C. Koons},
  title = {A New Solution to the Sorites Problem},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {119},
  pages = {535--557},
  number = {412},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@incollection{ koons-asher:1994a,
  author = {Robert Koons and Nicholas Asher},
  title = {Belief Revision in a Changing World},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {321--340},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {belief-revision;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ koopman:1940a1,
  author = {B.O. Koopman},
  title = {The Bases of Probability},
  journal = {Bulletin of the {A}merican {M}athematical {S}ociety},
  year = {1940},
  volume = {46},
  pages = {763--774},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  xref = {Republished: koopman:1940a2},
  topic = {subjective-probabilty;qualitative-probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ koopman:1940a2,
  author = {B.O. Koopman},
  title = {The Bases of Probability},
  booktitle = {Studies in Subjective Probability},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1964},
  editor = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.} and Howard E. Smokler},
  pages = {93--158},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Original publication: koopman:1940a1},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {subjective-probability;qualitative-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ koopman:1940b,
  author = {B.O. Koopman},
  title = {The Axioms and Algebra of Intuitive Probability},
  journal = {Annals of Mathematics},
  year = {1940},
  volume = {41},
  pages = {269--292},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {subjective-probabilty;qualitative-probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ koppel:1988a,
  author = {Moshe Koppel},
  title = {Structure},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {435--452},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {theory-of-computation;randomness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kopperschmidt:1985a,
  author = {Josef Kopperschmidt},
  title = {An Analysis of Argumentation},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Discourse Analysis, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Teun A. {van Dijk}},
  pages = {159--167},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {argumentation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ korb:1992a,
  author = {Kevin B. Korb},
  title = {The Collapse of Collective Defeat: Lessons from the Lottery
  	Paradox},
  booktitle = {{PSA} 1992: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 1},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {David Hull and Micky Forbes and Kathleen Okruhlik},
  pages = {230--236},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  address = {East Lansing, Michigan},
  topic = {lottery-paradox;logicism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ korb:1994a,
  author = {Kevin B. Korb},
  title = {Infinitely Many Resolutions of {H}empel's Paradox},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {138--149},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {confirmation-theory;Hempel-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ korf:1980a,
  author = {Richard E. Korf},
  title = {Toward a Model of Representation Changes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--78},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The paper presents the first steps in the development of a
     computer model of the process of changing representations in
     problem solving.  The task of discovering representations that
     yield efficient solution strategies for problems is viewed as
     heuristic search in the space of representations.  Two dimensions
     of this representation space are information structure and
     information quantity.  Changes of representation are
     characterized as isomorphisms and homomorphisms, corresponding
     to changes of information structure and information quantity,
     respectively.  A language for expressing representations is
     given.  Also, a language for describing representation
     transformations and an interpreter for applying the
     transformations to representations has been developed.  In
     addition, transformations can be automatically inverted and
     composed to generate new transformations.  Among the example
     problems used to illustrate and support this model are
     tic-tac-toe, integer arithmetic, the Tower of Hanoi problem, the
     arrow puzzle, the five puzzle, the mutilated checkerboard
     problem, and floor plan design.  The system has also been used
     to generate some new NP-complete problems.  } ,
  topic = {problem-solving;kr;}  
  } 

@article{ korf:1985a,
  author = {Richard E. Korf},
  title = {Depth-First Iterative-Deepening: An Optimal Admissible
  	Tree Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--109},
  topic = {search;iterative-deepening;}  
  } 

@article{ korf:1985b,
  author = {Richard E. Korf},
  title = {Macro-Operators: A Weak Method for Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {35--77},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This article explores the idea of learning efficiency strategies
     for solving problems by searching for macro-operators.  A
     macro-operator, or macro for short, is simply a sequence of
     operators chosen from the primitive operators of a problem.  The
     technique is particularly useful for problems with
     non-serializable subgoals, such as Rubik's Cube, for which other
     weak methods fail.  Both a problem-solving program and a
     learning program are described in detail.  The performance of
     these programs is analyzed in terms of the number of macros
     required to solve all problem instances, the length of the
     resulting solutions (expressed as the number of primitive
     moves), and the amount of time necessary to learn the macros.
     In addition, a theory of why the method works, and a
     characterization of the range of problems for which it is useful
     are presented.  The theory introduces a new type of problem
     structure called operator decomposability.  Finally, it is
     concluded that the macro technique is a new kind of weak method,
     a method for learning as opposed to problem solving.},
  topic = {rule-learning;machine-learning;cognitive-architectures;
  	macro-operators;}  
  } 

@article{ korf:1987a,
  author = {Richard E. Korf},
  title = {Planning as Search: A Quantitative Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {33},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--88},
  topic = {planning;search;}  
  } 

@article{ korf:1990a,
  author = {Richard E. Korf},
  title = {Real-Time Heuristic Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {42},
  number = {3},
  pages = {189--211},
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@article{ korf:1991a,
  author = {Richard E. Korf},
  title = {Multi-Player Alpha-Beta Pruning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {48},
  number = {1},
  pages = {99--111},
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@article{ korf:1993a,
  author = {Richard E. Korf},
  title = {Linear-Space Best-First Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {62},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--78},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Best-first search is a general heuristic search algorithm that
     always expands next a frontier node of lowest cost.  It includes
     as special cases breadth-first search, Dijkstra's single-source
     shortest-path algorithm, and the A* algorithm.  Its
     applicability, however, is limited by its exponential memory
     requirement.  Previous approaches to this problem, such as
     iterative deepening, do not expand nodes in best-first order if
     the cost function can decrease along a path.  We present a
     linear-space best-first search algorithm (RBFS) that always
     explores new nodes in best-first order, regardless of the cost
     function, and expands fewer nodes than iterative deepening with
     a nondecreasing cost function.  On the sliding-tile puzzles, RBFS
     with a nonmonotonic weighted evaluation function dramatically
     reduces computation time with only a small penalty in solution
     cost.  In general, RBFS reduces the space complexity of
     best-first search from exponential to linear, at the cost of
     only a constant factor in time complexity in our experiments.},
  topic = {search;iterative-deepening;}  
  } 

@article{ korf-maxwell:1996a,
  author = {Richard E. Korf and David Maxwell},
  title = {Chickering Best-First Minimax Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {84},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {299--337},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We describe a very simple selective search algorithm for
     two-player games, called best-first minimax.  It always expands
     next the node at the end of the expected line of play, which
     determines the minimax value of the root.  It uses the same
     information as alpha-beta minimax, and takes roughly the same
     time per node generation.  We present an implementation of the
     algorithm that reduces its space complexity from exponential to
     linear in the search depth, but at significant time cost.  Our
     actual implementation saves the subtree generated for one move
     that is still relevant after the player and opponent move,
     pruning subtrees below moves not chosen by either player.  We
     also show how to efficiently generate a class of incremental
     random game trees.  On uniform random game trees, best-first
     minimax outperforms alpha-beta, when both algorithms are given
     the same amount of computation.  On random trees with random
     branching factors, best-first outperforms alpha-beta for shallow
     depths, but eventually loses at greater depths.  We obtain
     similar results in the game of Othello.  Finally, we present a
     hybrid best-first extension algorithm that combines alpha-beta
     with best-first minimax, and performs significantly better than
     alpha-beta in both domains, even at greater depths.  In Othello,
     it beats alpha-beta in two out of three games.},
  topic = {search;game-playing;game-trees;}  
  } 

@article{ korf:1998a,
  author = {Richard E. Korf},
  title = {A Complete Anytime Algorithm for Number Partitioning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {133--155},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Given a set of numbers, the two-way number partitioning problem
     is to divide them into two subsets, so that the sum of the
     numbers in each subset are as nearly equal as possible.  The
     problem is NP-complete.  Based on a polynomial-time heuristic due
     to Karmarkar and Karp, we present a new algorithm, called
     Complete Karmarkar-Karp (CKK), that optimally solves the general
     number-partitioning problem, and significantly outperforms the
     best previously-known algorithms for large problem instances.
     For numbers with twelve significant digits or less, CKK can
     optimally solve two-way partitioning problems of arbitrary size
     in practice.  For numbers with greater precision, CKK first
     returns the Karmarkar-Karp solution, then continues to find
     better solutions as time allows.  Over seven orders of magnitude
     improvement in solution quality is obtained in less than an hour
     of running time.  Rather than building a single solution one
     element at a time, or modifying a complete solution, CKK
     constructs subsolutions, and combines them together in all
     possible ways.  This approach may be effective for other NP-hard
     problems as well.},
  topic = {partitioning-algorithms;complexity-in-AI;
  	AI-algorithms;AI-algorithms-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ korf-etal:2001a,
  author = {Richard E. Korf and Michael Reid and Stefan Edelkamp},
  title = {Time Complexity of Iterative-Deepening-$A^*$},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {129},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {199--218},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;search;iterative-deepening;A*-algorithm;}  
  } 

@article{ korf-felner:2002a,
  author = {Richard E. Korf and Ariel Felner},
  title = {Disjoint Pattern Database Heuristics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {134},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {9-22},
  topic = {problem-solving;search;computer-games;} 
  } 

@incollection{ korkmaz-ucoluk:1998a,
  author = {Emin Erkan Korkmaz and G\"okt\"urk \"U\c{c}oluk},
  title = {A Method for Improving Automatic Word Categorization},
  booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {T. Mark Ellison},
  pages = {43--49},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;word-acquisition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ korkmaz-ucoluk:1998b,
  author = {Emin Erkin Korkmaz and G\"okt|"urk \"U\c{c}oluk},
  title = {Choosing a Distance Metric for Automatic Word 
		Categorization},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in 
  	Language Processing and Computational Natural Language
	Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {David M.W. Powers},
  pages = {111--120},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-learning;word-classification;}  
  } 

@book{ kornai:1999a,
  editor = {Andr\'as Kornai},
  title = {Extended Finite State Models of Language},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0-521-63198-X},
  xref = {Review: kaiser:2000a.},
  topic = {finite-state-nlp;}  
 } 

@article{ korner:1975a,
  author = {Stefan K\"orner},
  title = {Classical Logic and Inexact Predicates---A Reply},
  journal = {Mind, New Series},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {84},
  pages = {450},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@book{ korner:1975b,
  editor = {Stephan K\"orner},
  title = {Explanation: Papers and Discussions},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {New Haven},
  ISBN = {0300018274},
  topic = {explanation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kornfilt-correa:1993a,
  author = {Jaklin Kornfilt and Nelson Correa},
  title = {Conceptual Structure and Its Relation to the Structure of
  	Lexical Entries},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {II}, Lexical and Conceptual
  	Structure},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Werner Abraham},
  pages = {79--118},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ korsgaard:1996a,
  editor = {Christine M. Korsgaard},
  title = {The Sources of Normativity},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521550599 (hc)},
  topic = {ethics;}  
 } 

@article{ koschmann:1987a,
  author = {Timothy D. Koschmann},
  title = {Review of {\it Mind over Machine: The Power of Human
  	Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer}, by
	{H}ubert {L}. {D}reyfus and {S}tuart {E}. {D}reyfus},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {33},
  number = {1},
  pages = {135--140},
  xref = {Review of: dreyfus_hl-dreyfus_se:1986a.},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ koschmann:1996a,
  author = {Timothy Koschmann},
  title = {Of {H}ubert {D}reyfus and Dead Horses: Some Thoughts on
  	{\it What Computers Still Can't Do}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {80},
  number = {1},
  pages = {129--141},
  xref = {Review of dreyfus:1992a.},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;intelligent-tutoring;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ koskenniemi:1983a,
  author = {Kimmo Koskenniemi},
  title = {Two-Level Model for Morphological Analysis},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Alan Bundy},
  publisher = {William Kaufmann, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {two-level-morphology;finite-state-morpology;}  
 } 

@article{ koskenniemi:1990a,
  author = {Kimmo Koskenniemi},
  title = {Finite State Morphology and Information Retrieval},
  journal = {Natural Language Engineering},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {341--346},
  topic = {two-level-morphology;finite-state-morpology;
  	information-retrieval;}  
  } 

@article{ koslicki:1999a,
  author = {Kathryn Koslicki},
  title = {The Semantics of Mass-Predicates},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  number = {3},
  pages = {46--91},
  topic = {mass-term-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ koslicki:1999b,
  author = {Kathrin Koslicki},
  title = {Genericity and Logical Form},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  volume = {14},
  year = {1999},
  pages = {441--467},
  topic = {generics;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kosslyn:1990a,
  author = {Stephen Michael Kosslyn},
  title = {Visual Cognition: Introduction},
  booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science.  Volume
  	2: Visual Cognition and Action},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {3--4},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;computer-vision;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kosslyn:1990b,
  author = {Steven Michael Kosslyn},
  title = {Mental Imagery},
  booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science.  Volume
  	2: Visual Cognition and Action},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {73--97},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;human-vision;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ koton-chase:1989a,
  author = {Phyllis Koton and Melissa P. Chase},
  title = {Knowledge Representation in a Case-Based Reasoning System:
  	Defaults and Exceptions},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {203--211},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;case-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ koubarakis:1992a,
  author = {Manolis Koubarakis},
  title = {Dense Time and Temporal Constraints with $\neq$},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {24--35},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;constraint-satisfaction;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ koubarakis:1994a,
  author = {Manolis Koubarakis},
  title = {Complexity Results for First-Order Theories of Temporal
  	Constraints},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {379--390},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ koubarakis-skiadopoulos:2000a,
  author = {Manolis Koubarakis and Spiros Skiadopoulos},
  title = {Querying Temporal and Spatial Constraint Networks in
  	{PTIME}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {123},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {223--263},
  topic = {constraint-networks;spatial-reasoning;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kourany:2000a,
  author = {Janet A. Kourany},
  title = {A Successor to the Realism/Antirealism Question},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S87--},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophical-realism;philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@article{ kowalski-kuehner:1971a,
  author = {Robert Kowalski and Donald Kuehner},
  title = {Linear Resolution with Selection Function},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {227--260},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Linear resolution with selection function (SL-resolution) is a
     restricted form of linear resolution.  The main restriction is
     effected by a selection function which chooses from each clause
     a single literal to be resolved upon in that clause.  This and
     other restrictions are adapted to linear resolution from
     Loveland's model elimination.
       We show that SL-resolution achieves a substantial reduction in
     the generation of redundant and irrelevant derivations and does
     so without significantly increasing the complexity of simplest
     proofs.  We base our argument for the increased efficiency of
     SL-resolution upon precise calculation of these quantities.
      A more far reaching advantage of SL-resolution is its
     suitability for heuristic search.  In particular, classification
     trees, subgoals, lemmas, and/or search trees can all be used to
     increase the efficiency of finding refutations.  These
     considerations alone suggest the superiority of SL-resolution to
     theorem-proving procedures constructed solely for their
     heuristic attraction.
      From comparison with other theorem-proving methods, we
     conjecture that best proof procedures for first order logic will
     be obtained by further elaboration of SL-resolution.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;SL-resolution;resolution;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kowalski:1979a,
  author = {Robert Kowalski},
  title = {Logic for Data Description},
  booktitle = {Logic and Data Bases},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {H. Gallaire and Jack Minker},
  pages = {293--322},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {logic-programming;deductive-databases;}  
  } 

@book{ kowalski:1979b,
  author = {Robert Kowalski},
  title = {Logic For Problem Solving},
  publisher = {Elsevier North Holland},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444003657},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;}  
 } 

@article{ kowalski-sergot:1986a,
  author = {Robert A. Kowalski and Marek J. Sergot},
  title = {A Logic-Based Calculus of Events},
  journal = {New Generation Computing},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {67--95},
  contentnote = {This is the original event calculus paper.},
  topic = {events;event-calculus;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@article{ kowalski:1990a,
  author = {Robert A. Kowalski},
  title = {English as a Logic Programming Language},
  journal = {New Generation Computing},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {91--93},
  year = {1990},
  ISBN = {0288-3635},
  topic = {logic-programming;nl-and-logic;nl-as-kr;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kowalski-kim_js:1991a,
  author = {Robert Kowalski and Jin-Sang Kim},
  title = {A Metalogic Approach to
    		Multi-Agent Knowledge and Belief},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {231--246},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {LISP;parallel-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ kowalski:1992a,
  author = {Robert A. Kowalski},
  title = {Database Updates in the Event Calculus},
  journal = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {121--146},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {event-calculus;database-update;}  
  } 

@article{ kowalski:1993a,
  author = {Robert A. Kowalski},
  title = {An Undergrauate Degree in Practical Reasoning},
  journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {227--229},
  year = {1993},
  topic = {logic-education;}  
 } 

@article{ kowalski-toni:1996a,
  author = {Robert A. Kowalski and Frencesca Toni},
  title = {Abstract Argumentation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence and Law},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {275--296},
  volume = {4},
  topic = {legal-AI;argumentation;}  
    } 

@incollection{ kozai:1999a,
  author = {Soichi Kozai},
  title = {A Mental Space Account for Speaker's
	Empathy: {J}apanese Profiling Identity vs. {E}nglish
	Shading Identity},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {214--227},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;empathy;Japanese-language;}  
  } 

@book{ kozen:1997a,
  author = {Dexter C. Kozen},
  title = {Automata and Computability},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {automata-theory;finite-state-automata;computability;
  	context-free-grammars;complexity-theory;theoretical-cs-intro;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kozuma-iro:1998a,
  author = {Hideki Kozuma and Akira Iro},
  title = {Towards Language Acquisition by an Attention-Sharing
  	Robot},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {245--246},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {automated-language-acquisition;}  
  } 

@article{ krabbe:1978a,
  author = {Eric C.W. Krabbe},
  title = {Note on a Completeness Theorem in the Theory of
  	Counterfactuals},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--93},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@techreport{ krabbe:1982a,
  author = {Erik C.W. Krabbe},
  title = {Noncumulative Dialectical Models and Formal Dialectics},
  institution = {Centrale Interfaculteit, Reijksuniversiteit Utrecht},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Utrecht},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {dialogue-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ krabbe:1985a,
  author = {Eric C.W. Krabbe},
  title = {Noncumulative Dialectical Models and Formal Dialectics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {129--168},
  topic = {dialogue-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ krabbe:1986a,
  author = {Erik C.W. Krabbe},
  title = {A Theory of Modal Dialectics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {191--217},
  topic = {dialogue-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ krabbendam-meyer:1998a,
  author = {J. Krabbendam and J.-J. Meyer},
  title = {Contextual Deontic Logic},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {pages = {347--}},
  topic = {deontic-logic;context;}  
  } 

@article{ kracht:1991a,
  author = {Marcus Kracht},
  title = {A Solution to a Problem of {U}rquhart},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {285--286},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kracht:1993a,
  author = {Marcus Kracht},
  title = {How Completeness and Correspondence Theory Got Married},
  booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  editor = {Maarten de Rijke},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {175--214},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;modal-correspondence-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ kracht:1995a,
  author = {Marcus Kracht},
  title = {Is There a Genuine Modal Perspective on Feature
  	Structures?},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {401--458},
  topic = {feature-structure-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ kracht:1995b,
  author = {Marcus Kracht},
  title = {Syntactic Codes and Grammar Refinement},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--60},
  note = {(This version contained incorrect fonts, and was reprinted as
  	an erratum in the {\em Journal of Logic, Language, and
	Information}, vol. 4, no. 4, pp.~359--380.)},
  topic = {foundations-of-syntax;constraint-based-grammar;minimalist-syntax;}  
  } 

@article{ kracht:1997a,
  author = {Marcus Kracht},
  title = {Review of {\it The Semantics of Syntax: A Minimalist
  	Approach to Grammar}, by {D}enis {B}ouchard},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {344--350},
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kracht:1997b,
  author = {Marcus Kracht},
  title = {Inessential Features},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {43--62},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;
       feature-structure-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ kracht-wolter:1997a,
  author = {Marcus Kracht and Frank Wolter},
  title = {Simulation and Transfer Results in Modal Logic:
		A Survey},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {2},
  pages = {149--177},
  topic = {combining-logics;modal-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ kracht:1998a,
  author = {Marcus Kracht},
  title = {On Extensions of Intermediate Logics by
		Strong Negation},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49--73},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;constructive-logics;}  
  } 

@book{ kracht-etal:1998a,
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  title = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Alberto Artosi and Paola Benassi and Guido GOvernatori
     	and Antonio Rotolo, "Shakespearian Modal Logic: A Labeled
	Treatment of Modal Identity", pp. 1--21
     2. Philippe Balbiani, "Terminological Modal Logic", pp. 23--39 
     3. Patrick Blackburn and Jerry Seligman, "What Are Hybrid
     		Languages?", pp. 41--62
     4. Lilia Chagrova, "On the Degree of Neighborhood Incompleteness
     		of Normal Modal Logics", pp. 63--72
     5. Giovanna D'Agostino and Marco Hollenberg, "Uniform Interpolation,
     		Automata and the Modal $\mu$-Calculus", pp. 73--84
     6. Carsten Grefe, "Fischer {S}ervi's Intuitionistic Modal Logic
     		Has the Finite Model Property", pp. 85--98
     7. Bernhard Heinemann, "Topological Nexttime Logic", pp. 99--113 
     8. Oliver Lemon and Ian Pratt, "On the Incompleteness of Modal
     		Logics of Space: Advancing Complete Modal Logics of 
		Place", pp. 115--132
     9. Larisa Maksimova, "Interpolation in Superinituitionistic
     		and Modal Predicate Logics with Equality", pp. 113--140 
    10. Maarten Marx, "Mosaics and Cylindric Modal Logic of Dimension
    		2", pp. 141--156
    11. Aida Pliu\v{s}kevi\v{c}ien\'e, "Cut-Free Indexical Calculi
    		for Modal Logics Containing the {B}arcan 
		Axiom", pp. 157--172
    12. Riccardo Rosati, "Minimal Knowledge States in Nonmonotonic
    		Modal Logics", pp. 173--187
    13. Renate A. Schmidt, "Resolution is a Decision Procedure for 
    		Many Propositional Modal Logics", pp. 187--208
    14. Valentin Shehtman, "On Strong Neighbourhood Completeness of Modal
    		and Intermediate Propositional Logics, Part {I}", pp. 209-222
    15. Hiroyuki Shirasu, "Duality in Superintuitionistic and Modal
    		Predicate Logics", pp. 223--236
    16. Vladimir V. Spanopulo and Vladimir A. Zakharov, "On the
    		Relationship between Models of Parallel 
		Computation", pp. 237--248 
    17. Timothy J. Surendonk, "On Isomorphisms between Canonical 
    		Frames", pp. 249--268
    18. Dimiter Vakarelov, "Hyper Arrow Structures.  Arrow Logics
    		{III}", pp. 269--290
    19. Yde Venema, "Atom Structures", pp. 291--305
    20. Albert Visser, "An Overview of Interpretability Logic", pp. 307--359
    21. Frank Wolter, "Fusions of Modal Logics Revisited", pp. 361--379
  } ,
  ISBN = {1-57587-102-X},
  xref = {Reviews: cresswell_mj:2000a,mares:2002a.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ kracht:1999a,
  author = {Marcus Kracht},
  title = {Tools and Techniques in Modal Logic},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Review: bezhanishvili:2001a.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ kracht:2001a,
  author = {Marcus Kracht},
  title = {Syntax in Chains},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {467--529},
  topic = {nl-syntax;constituent-structure;}  
  } 

@article{ kracht:2002a,
  author = {Marcus Kracht},
  title = {On the Semantics of Locatives},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {157--232},
  topic = {locative-constructions;nl-semantics;spatial-language;
  	spatial-semantics;} 
  } 

@article{ kracht:2002b,
  author = {Marcus Kracht},
  title = {Referent Systems and Relational Grammar},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {251--286},
  topic = {relational-grammar;dynamic-semantics;referent-systems;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ krahmer-muskens:1994a,
  author = {Emiel Krahmer and Reinhard Muskens},
  title = {Umbrellas and Bathrooms},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{IV}},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann},
  pages = {175--194},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;donkey-anaphora;discourse-representation-theory;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ krahmer-etal:1997a,
  author = {Emiel Krahmer and Jan Landsbergen and Xavier Pouteau},
  title = {How to Obey the 7 Commandments for Spoken Dialogue},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {82--89},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@article{ krajcoviech-kotocova:1999a,
  author = {Richard Kraj\v{c}oviech and Margar\'eta Koto\v{c}ov\'a},
  title = {Non-Uniform Time Sharing in the Concurrent
		Execution of Constraint Solving},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {109},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {161--185},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Concurrent execution of multiple instances of a randomised
     search over a CSP is one of the techniques for improvement of
     performance. Hitherto, uniform time sharing is the dominant
     approach to the control of execution of such instances. This
     paper introduces a new modification of search
     algorithms--non-uniform time sharing with elimination
     (NUTSE)--and experimentally evaluates the efficiency of its
     combination with both the FC-MRV (Forward Checking with the
     Minimal-Remaining-Values heuristic) and the FC-B (FC with the
     Brelaz's heuristic). The experiments show that the NUTSE over
     FC-MRV can be in the underconstrained area many times faster
     than the singly-executed FC-B. This good behaviour is used in a
     hybrid CNUC algorithm (Combined Non-Uniform Concurrency) that
     combines the FC-B and the NFC-MRV algorithms to obtain a good
     algorithm across a wide range of problem instances. All the
     experiments in this paper use the graph three-colouring problem.
  } ,
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;search;AI-algorithms;
  		experimental-AI;graph-coloring;time-sharing;}  
  } 

@article{ krajicek:2001a,
  author = {Jan kraj\'i\^cek},
  title = {Tautologies from Pseudo-Random Generators},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {197--212},
  topic = {proof-complexity;bounded-arithmetic;randomness;}  
  } 

@article{ kramer:1992a,
  author = {Glenn A. Kramer},
  title = {A Geometric Constraint Engine},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {58},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {327--360},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper describes a geometric constraint engine for finding
     the configurations of a collection of geometric entities that
     satisfy a set of geometric constraints.  This task is
     traditionally performed by reformulating the geometry and
     constraints as algebraic equations which are then solved
     symbolically or numerically.  Symbolic algebraic solution is
     NP-complete.  Numerical solution methods are characterized by
     slow runtimes, numerical instabilities, and difficulty in
     handling redundant constraints.  Many geometric constraint
     problems can be solved by reasoning symbolically about the
     geometric entities themselves using a new technique called
     degrees of freedom analysis.  In this approach, a plan of
     measurements and actions is devised to satisfy each constraint
     incrementally, thus monotonically decreasing the system's
     remaining degrees of freedom.  This plan is used to solve, in a
     maximally decoupled form, the equations resulting from an
     algebraic representation of the problem.  Degrees of freedom
     analysis results in a polynomial-time, numerically stable
     algorithm for geometric constraint satisfaction.  Empirical
     comparison with a state-of-the-art numerical solver in the
     domain of kinematic simulation shows degrees of freedom analysis
     to be more robust and substantially more efficient.
  } ,
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;geometrical-reasoning;
  	automated-algebra;complexity-in-AI;polynomial-algorithms;}  
  } 

@book{ krantz-etal:1971a,
  author = {D.H. Krantz and R. Duncan Luce and Patrick Suppes and
  	Amos Tversky},
  title = {Foundations of Measurement},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {1},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {measurement-in-behavioral-science;measurement-theory;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ krasucki:1990a,
  author = {Paul J. Krasucki},
  title = {Reaching Consensus on Decisions},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {141--150},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {mutual-agreement;mutual-beliefs;bargaining-theory;
  	communications-modeling;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ krasucki-etal:1990a,
  author = {Paul Krasucki and Rohit Parikh and G. Ndjatou},
  title = {Probabilistic Knowledge and Probabilistic Common Knowledge
  	(Preliminary Report)},
  booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems: Proceedings of
  	the Sixth International Symposium},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Z. Ras and M. Zemankova and M. Emrich},
  pages = {1--8},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;mutual-beliefs;}  
  } 

@incollection{ krasucki:1992a,
  author = {Paul J. Krasucki},
  title = {Some Results on Consensus},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {245--253},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {communication-protocols;mutual-belief;}  
  } 

@incollection{ krasucki-ramanujam:1994a,
  author = {Paul Krasucki and R. Ramanujam},
  title = {Knowledge and the Ordering of Events in Distributed
  	Systems},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {267--283},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;distibuted-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ kratzer:1977a,
  author = {Angelika Kratzer},
  title = {What `Must' and `Can' Must and Can Mean},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {337--356},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-modality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kratzer:1979a,
  author = {Angelika Kratzer},
  title = {Conditional Necessity and Possibility},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {117--147},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-modality;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ kratzer:1980a,
  author = {Angelika Kratzer},
  title = {Possible-Worlds Semantics and Psychological Reality},
  journal = {Linguistische Berichte},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {66},
  pages = {1--14},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-possible-worlds;
	psychological-reality;natural-language-semantics-and-cognition;}  
  } 

@article{ kratzer:1981a,
  author = {Angelika Kratzer},
  title = {Partition and Revision: The Semantics of Counterfactuals},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {201--216},
  topic = {conditionals;vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kratzer:1981b,
  author = {Angelika Kratzer},
  title = {The Notional Category of Modality},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds and Contexts},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  address = {Berlin},
  year = {1981},
  pages = {38--74},
  topic = {nl-modality;}  
  } 

@article{ kratzer:1989a,
  author = {Angelika Kratzer},
  title = {An Investigation of the Lumps of Thought},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {5},
  pages = {607--653},
  topic = {situation-semantics;conditionals;negation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kratzer:1989b,
  author = {Angelika Kratzer},
  title = {The Representation of Focus},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Massachusetts
  	at Amherst},
  topic = {nl-semantics;sentence-focus;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kratzer:1991a,
  author = {Angelika Kratzer},
  title = {Modality},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An International Handbook of
	Contemporary Research},
  editor = {A. von Stechow and D. Wunderlich},
  publisher = {de Gruyter},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {639--650},
  topic = {nl-modality;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kratzer:1995a,
  author = {Angelika Kratzer},
  title = {Stage-Level and Individual-Level Predicates},
  booktitle = {The Generic Book},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  pages = {125--175},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  topic = {i-level/s-level;}  
  } 

@article{ kraus:1996a,
  author = {Sarit Kraus},
  title = {An Overview of Incentive Contracting},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {83},
  number = {2},
  pages = {297--346},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Agents may contract some of their tasks to other agents even
     when they do not share a common goal.  An agent may try to
     contract some of the tasks that it cannot perform by itself, or
     that may be performed more efficiently by other agents.  One
     self-motivated agent may convince another self-motivated agent
     to help it with its task, by promises of rewards, even if the
     agents are not assumed to be benevolent.  We propose techniques
     that provide efficient ways for agents to make incentive
     contracts in varied situations: when agents have full
     information about the environment and each other, or when agents
     do not know the exact state of the world.  We consider situations
     of repeated encounters, cases of asymmetric information,
     situations where the agents lack information about each other,
     and cases where an agent subcontracts a task to a group of
     agents.  Situations in which there is competition among possible
     contractor agents or possible manager agents are also
     considered.  In all situations we assume that the contractor can
     choose a level of effort when carrying out the task and we would
     like the contractor to carry out the task efficiently without
     the need of close observation by the manager.},
  topic = {cooperation;negotiation;distributed-systems;
  	artificial-societies;}  
  } 

@techreport{ kraus_s-etal:1988a,
  author = {Sarit Kraus and Daniel Lehmann and Menachem Magidor},
  title = {Preferential Models and Cumulative Logic},
  institution = {Leibniz Center for Research in Computer Science,
  	The Hebrew University of Jerusalem},
  number = {TR--88--15},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Jerusalem},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;preferential-models;}  
  } 

@article{ kraus_s-lehmann:1988a,
  author = {Sarit Kraus and Daniel J. Lehmann},
  title = {Knowledge, Belief, and Time},
  journal = {Theoretical Computer Science},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {58},
  pages = {155--274},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ kraus_s-etal:1990a,
  author = {Sarit Kraus and Daniel Lehmann and Menachem Magidor},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Preferential Models and Cumulative
  	Logics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {167--207},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;}  
 } 

@article{ kraus_s-etal:1991a,
  author = {Sarit Kraus and Donald Perlis and John Horty},
  title = {Reasoning about Ignorance: A Note on the {B}ush-{G}orbachov
  	Problem},
  journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {325--332},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kraus_s-wilkenfeld:1991a,
  author = {Sarit Kraus and Jonathan Wilkenfeld},
  title = {The Function of Time in Cooperative Negotiations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown},
  pages = {179--184},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {distributed-AI;negotiation;}  
  } 

@article{ kraus_s-etal:1995a,
  author = {Sarit Kraus and Jonathan Wilkenfeld and Gilad Zlotkin},
  title = {Multiagent Negotiation under Time Constraints},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {75},
  number = {2},
  pages = {297--345},
  topic = {distributed-AI;negotiation;}  
  } 

@article{ kraus_s:1997a,
  author = {Sarit Kraus},
  title = {Negotiation and Cooperation in Multi-Agent Environments},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {79--97},
  topic = {cooperation;negotiation;distributed-systems;artificial-societies;}  
  } 

@article{ kraus_s-etal:1998a,
  author = {Sarit Kraus and Katia Sycara and Amir Evenchik},
  title = {Reaching Agreements through Argumentation:  A Logical
  	Model and Implementation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {104},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--69},
  topic = {argumentation;negotiation;}  
  } 

@book{ kraus_s:2001a,
  author = {Sarit Kraus},
  title = {Strategic Negotiation in Multiagent Environments},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-11264-7 (hardback)},
  topic = {cooperation;negotiation;distributed-systems;artificial-societies;}  
 } 

@incollection{ krause:2002a,
  author = {Peter Krause},
  title = {An Algorithm for Processing Referential Definite
  	Descriptions in Dialogue Based on Abductive Inference},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {77--84},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {abduction;definite-descriptions;DRT;} 
  } 

@book{ krause_p1-clark_d:1993a,
  author = {Paul Krause and Dominic Clark},
  title = {Representing Uncertain Knowledge: An Artificial Intelligence
  	Approach},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792324331},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;kr;}  
 } 

@incollection{ krause_p1:1999a,
  author = {Peter Krause},
  title = {Identification Language Games},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {13--18},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {object-identification;discourse;knowing-who;}  
  } 

@book{ krause_p2-clark:1993a,
  author = {Paul Krause and Dominic Clark},
  title = {Representing Uncertain Knowledge: An Artificial Intelligence
    Approach},
  publisher = {Dordrecht ; Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792324331},
  topic = {resoning-about-uncertainty;}  
 } 

@incollection{ krauss-fussell:1991a,
  author = {Robert M. Krauss and Susan R. Fussell},
  title = {Constructing Shared Communicative Environments},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {172--200},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}  
  } 

@article{ kraut_r:1979a,
  author = {Robert Kraut},
  title = {Attitudes and Their Objects},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {197--217},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kraut_r:1986a,
  author = {Robert Kraut},
  title = {Love {\em De Re}},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {413--430},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {emotion;reference;}  
  } 

@article{ kraut_r:1996a,
  author = {Robert Kraut},
 title = {Review of {\em Modalities: Philosophical Essays}, by {R}uth
  	{B}arcan {M}arcus},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {93},
  number = {5},
  pages = {243--248},
  topic = {modal-logic;intensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ kraut_re-johnston_re:1979a,
  author = {Robert E. Kraut and Robert E. Johnston},
  title = {Social and Emotional Messages of Smiling: An
  	Ethological Approach},
  journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
  volume = {37},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1539--1553},
  year = {1979},
  topic = {facial-expression;emotion;}  
  } 

@article{ kreisel:1984a,
  author = {George Kreisel},
  title = {Frege's Foundations and Intuitionistic Logic},
  journal = {The Monist},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {72--91},
  topic = {Frege;intuitionistic-logic;foundations-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kreitz:1998a,
  author = {C. Kreitz},
  title = {Program Synthesis},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {III}, Applications},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;software-engineering;
		automatic-programming;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kremer_m:1984a,
  author = {Michael Kremer},
  title = {`{I}f' is Unambiguous},
  year = {1984},
  month = {May},
  note = {Unpublished MS, Philosophy Department, University of
  	Pittsburgh.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ kremer_m:1988a,
  author = {Michael Kremer},
  title = {Kripke and the Logic of Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {3},
  pages = {225--278},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ kremer_m:1994a,
  author = {Michael Kremer},
  title = {The Argument of `On Denoting'},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {103},
  number = {2},
  pages = {249--297},
  topic = {on-denoting;Russell;}  
  } 

@article{ kremer_m:1997a,
  author = {Michael Kremer},
  title = {Marti on Descriptions in {C}arnap's {S}2},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {6},
  pages = {629--634},
  contentnote = {Improves a defense of Marti's against a criticism of
   	Follesdal's of Carnap's modal logic. See follesdal:1969a,
	marti:1995a.},
  topic = {Carnap;modal-logic;definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@article{ kremer_p:1989a,
  author = {Philip Kremer},
  title = {Relevant Predication: Grammatical Characterizations},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {349--382},
  topic = {relevance-logic;relevant-predication;}  
  } 

@article{ kremer_p:1993a,
  author = {Philip Kremer},
  title = {Quantifying Over Propositions in Relevance Logic:
  	Nonaxiomatizability of Primary Interpretations of
	$\forall p$ and $\exists p$},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {58},
  number = {1},
  pages = {334--349},
  topic = {relevance-logic;propositional-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ kremer_p:1993b,
  author = {Philip Kremer},
  title = {The {G}upta-{B}elnap Systems $S''$ and $S*$ are Not
  	Axiomatizable},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {34},
  number = {4},
  pages = {583--596},
  topic = {truth;}  
  } 

@article{ kremer_p:1997a,
  author = {Philip Kremer},
  title = {Propositional Quantification in the Topological Semantics
  	for {S4}},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  pages = {295--312},
  topic = {propositional-quantifiers;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ kremer_p:1997b,
  author = {Philip Kremer},
  title = {On the Complexity of Propositional Quantification in
  	Intuitionistic Logic},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {62},
  number = {2},
  pages = {529--544},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;propositional-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ kremer_p:1997c,
  author = {Philip Kremer},
  title = {Defining Relevant Implication in Propositionally
  	Quantified {S}4},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {62},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1057--1069},
  topic = {modal-logic;relevance-logic;propositional-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ kremer_p:1997d,
  author = {Philip Kremer},
  title = {Defining Relevant Implication in a Propositionally
		Quantified {S4}},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {62},
  pages = {1057--1069},
  number = {4},
  topic = {relevance-logic;modal-logic;propositional-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ kremer_p:1997e,
  author = {Philip Kremer},
  title = {Dunn's Relevant Predication, Real Properties,
		and Identity},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {47},
  pages = {37--65},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {relevance-logic;real-properties;property-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kremer_p:1998a,
  author = {Philip Kremer},
  title = {Relevant Identity: A Technical Result},
  year = {1998},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Yale University},
  topic = {relevance-logic;identity;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kremer_p:1998b,
  author = {Philip Kremer},
  title = {Dynamic Topological Logic},
  year = {1998},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Yale University},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;modal-logic;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ kremer_p:1999a,
  author = {Philip Kremer},
  title = {Relevant Identity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {2},
  pages = {190--222},
  topic = {relevance-logic;identity;}  
  } 

@techreport{ kreppe:1988b,
  author = {Anneke Kreppe},
  title = {A Blissymbolics Translation Program},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--88--10},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {communicating-with-the-handicapped;}  
  } 

@book{ kreps:1988a,
  author = {David M. Kreps},
  title = {Notes on the Theory of Choice},
  publisher = {Westview Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Boulder, Colorado},
  topic = {utility-theory;decision-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ kreps:1990a,
  author = {David M. Kreps},
  title = {A Course in Microeconomic Theory},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  topic = {utility-theory;decision-theory;game-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ kreps:1990b,
  author = {David M. Kreps},
  title = {Game Theory and Economic Modelling},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Oxford, England},
  ISBN = {0198283571},
  topic = {game-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ kretzmann-etal:1982a,
  editor = {Norman Kretzmann and Anthony Kenny and Jan Pinborg},
  title = {Cambridge History of Later {M}edieval Philosophy: from
  	the Rediscovery of {A}ristotle to the Disintegration of
	Scholasticism 1100--1600},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521226058},
  topic = {medieval-philosophy;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kreutel-matheson:2002a,
  author = {J\"orn Kreutel and Colin Matheson},
  title = {From Dialogue Acts to Dialogue Act Offers: Building
  	Discourse Structure as an Argumentative Process},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {85--92},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {speech-acts;argumentation;} 
  } 

@incollection{ kreuz-etal:1998a,
  author = {R.J. Kreuz and M.A. Kassler and L. Coppenrath},
  title = {The Use of Exaggeration in Discourse: Cognitive and
        Social Facets},
  booktitle = {Social and Cognitive Approaches to Interpersonal
        Communication},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {S.R. Fussell and R.J. Kreuz},
  pages = {91---111},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name.},
  topic = {exaggeration;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ krieger_hu-nerbonne:1993a,
  author = {Hans-Ulrich Krieger and John Nerbonne},
  title = {Feature-Based Inheritance Networks for Computational Lexicons},
  booktitle = {Inheritance, Defaults, and the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ted Briscoe and Valeria de Paiva and Ann Copestake},
  pages = {90--136},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {inheritance;computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@book{ krieger_mh:1989a,
  author = {Martin H. Krieger},
  title = {Marginalism and Discontinuity},
  publisher = {Russell Sage Foundation},
  year = {1989},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;sociology-of-science;}  
 } 

@techreport{ krifka:1987a,
  author = {Manfred Krifka},
  title = {An Outline of Genericity},
  institution = {Seminar f\"r Nat\"urlich-sprachliche Systems},
  number = {87--25},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Biesingerstrasse 10, 7400 T\"ubingen, Germany},
  topic = {generics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ krifka:1989a,
  author = {Manfred Krifka},
  title = {Nominal Reference, Temporal Consitution, and
  		Quantification in Event Semantics},
  booktitle = {Semantics and Contextual Expression},
  editor = {Renate Bartsch and Johan van Benthem and Peter van Emde
  	Boas},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  year = {1989},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {events;nl-tense;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ krifka:1990a,
  author = {Manfred Krifka},
  title = {Four Thousand Ships Passed Through the Lock:
  	Object-Induced Measure Functions on Events},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {5},
  pages = {487--520},
  topic = {events;Aktionsarten;measures;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ krifka:1991a,
  author = {Manfred Krifka},
  title = {A Compositional Semantics for Multiple Focus Constructions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{I}},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner},
  pages = {127--158},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {sentence-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ krifka:1992a,
  author = {Manfred Krifka},
  title = {Thematic Relations as Links Between Nominal Reference and
  	Temporal Constitution},
  booktitle = {Lexical Matters},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Ivan Sag and Anna Szabolski},
  pages = {30--52},
  topic = {thematic-roles;aspect;}  
  } 

@article{ krifka:1993a,
  author = {Manfred Krifka},
  title = {Focus and Presupposition in Dynamic Interpretation},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {269--300},
  topic = {s-focus;dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ krifka:1994a,
  author = {Manfred Krifka},
  title = {The Semantics and Pragmatics of Weak and
		Strong Polarity Items in Assertions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{IV}},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann},
  pages = {195--219},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;polarity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ krifka:1995a,
  author = {Manfred Krifka},
  title = {Focus and the Interpretation of Generic Sentences},
  booktitle = {The Generic Book},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  pages = {238--264},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  topic = {sentence-focus;generics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ krifka:1995b,
  author = {Manfred Krifka},
  title = {Common Nouns: A Contrastive Analysis of {E}nglish
		and {C}hinese},
  booktitle = {The Generic Book},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  pages = {398--411},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  topic = {semantics-of-common-nouns;English-language;Chinese-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ krifka-etal:1995a,
  author = {Manfred Krifka and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier and Gregory
  	Carlson and Alice {ter Meulen} and Gennaro Chierchia and
	Godehard Link},
  title = {Genericity: An Introduction},
  booktitle = {The Generic Book},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {1--124},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  topic = {generics;}  
  } 

@article{ krifka:1996a,
  author = {Manfred Krifka},
  title = {Parameterized Sum Individuals for Plural Anaphora},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {19},
  number = {6},
  pages = {555--598},
  topic = {dynamic-semantics;plural;anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ krifka:2001a,
  author = {Manfred Krifka},
  title = {Quantifying into Question Acts},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--40},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;nl-quantifier-scope;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@article{ kripke:1959a,
  author = {Saul A. Kripke},
  title = {A Completeness Theorem in Modal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1959},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {1--14},
  number = {1},
  topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ kripke:1960a,
  author = {Saul A. Kripke},
  title = {The Undecidability of Monadic Modal Quantification Theory},
  year = {1960},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;undecidability;}  
  } 

@article{ kripke:1963a,
  author = {Saul A. Kripke},
  title = {Semantical Analysis of Modal Logic {I}: Normal Modal
  	Propositional Calculi},
  journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur Mathematische Logik und
  	Grundlagen der Mathematik},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {67--96},
  missinginfo = {number.},
  topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;}  
 } 

@article{ kripke:1963b,
  author = {Saul A. Kripke},
  title = {Semantic Considerations on Modal Logic},
  journal = {Acta Philosophica {F}ennica},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {83--94},
  missinginfo = {number.},
  topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kripke:1965a,
  author = {Saul A. Kripke},
  title = {A Semantical Analysis of Modal Logic {II}: Non-Normal
  	Propositional Calculi},
  booktitle = {The Theory of Models},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1965},
  editor = {Leon Henkin and Alfred Tarski},
  pages = {206--220},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kripke:1965b,
  author = {Saul A. Kripke},
  title = {Semantical Analysis of Intuitionistic Logic},
  booktitle = {Formal Systems and Recursive Functions},
  editor = {John Crossley and Michael A.E. Dummett},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  pages = {92--130},
  year = {1965},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kripke:1971a,
  author = {Saul Kripke},
  title = {Identity and Necessity},
  booktitle = {Identity and Individuation},
  publisher = {New York University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Milton K. Munitz},
  pages = {135--164},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {identity;individuation;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kripke:1971b,
  author = {Saul Kripke},
  title = {Quantified Modality and Essentialism},
  year = {1971},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;essentialism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kripke:1972a,
  author = {Saul Kripke},
  title = {Naming and Necessity},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Gilbert Harman and Donald Davidson},
  pages = {253--355},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  title = {Untitled},
  year = {1972},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript on empty names and empty predicates.},
  topic = {free-logic;(non)existence;fiction;}  
  } 

@article{ kripke:1975a,
  author = {Saul Kripke},
  title = {Outline of a Theory of Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {72},
  pages = {690--715},
  missinginfo = {number.},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;fixpoints;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kripke:1976a,
  author = {Saul Kripke},
  title = {Is There a Problem about Substitutional Quantification?},
  booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Gareth Evans and John H. McDowell},
  pages = {325--419},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {substitutional-quantification;truth-definitions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kripke:1977a1,
  author = {Saul Kripke},
  title = {Speaker's Reference and Semantic Reference},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Thomas {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  note = {Volume 2: Studies in Semantics.},
  missinginfo = {publisher, address, pages},
  xref = {Republication: kripke:1977a2.},
  topic = {reference;referring-expressions;definite-descriptions;
	philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kripke:1977a2,
  author = {Saul Kripke},
  title = {Speaker's Reference and Semantic Reference},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {6--27},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  xref = {Republication of: kripke:1977a1.},
  topic = {reference;referring-expressions;definite-descriptions;
	philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kripke:1978a,
  author = {Saul Kripke},
  title = {Speaker's Reference and Semantic Reference},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {6--27},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kripke:1979a,
  author = {Saul A. Kripke},
  title = {A Puzzle about Belief},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second
		{J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Avishai Margalit},
  pages = {239--288},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;belief;Pierre-puzzle;}  
  } 

@book{ kripke:1982a,
  author = {Saul A. Kripke},
  title = {Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {Wittgenstein;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@article{ krips:1989a,
  author = {H. Krips},
  title = {Irreducible Probabilities and Indeterminism},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {155--172},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ krishnaprasad-etal:1988a1,
  author = {Thirunarayan Krishnaprasad and Michael Kifer and
  	David S. Warren},
  title = {On the Declarative Semantics of Inheritance Networks},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, State
  	University of New York at Stony Brook},
  xref = {Conference publication: krishnaprasad-etal:1988a2.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ krishnaprasad-etal:1988a2,
  author = {Thirunarayan Krishnaprasad and Michael Kifer and David Warren},
  title = {On the Declarative Semantics of Inheritance Networks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {1098--1103},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Republication of: krishnaprasad-etal:1988a1.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ krishnaprasad-warren:1988a,
  author = {Thirunarayan Krishnaprasad and David S. Warren},
  title = {An Evidence-Based Framework for a Theory of Inheritance},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, CA},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ krishnaprasad:1989a,
  author = {Thirunarayan Krishnaprasad},
  title = {The Semantics of Inheritance Networks},
  school = {Computer Science Department, State University of New
  	York at Stony Brook},
  year = {1989},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Stony Brook, New York},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ krishnaprasad-kifer:1989b,
  author = {Thirunarayan Krishnaprasad and Michael Kifer},
  title = {An Evidence Based Theory of Inheritance},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {1093--1098},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, CA},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ kroch:1975a,
  author = {Anthony Kroch},
  title = {The Semantics of Scope in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@techreport{ krock-joshi:1985a,
  author = {Anthony Krock and Arivind Joshi},
  title = {The Linguistic Rlevance of Tree Adjoining Grammar},
  institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science,
  		University of Pennsylvania},
  number = {MS--CIS--85--16},
  year = {1985},
  topic = {TAG-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ krogh-jones:1998a,
  author = {Cristen Krogh and A. Jones},
  title = {Protocol Breaches and Violation Flaws},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  pages = {265--274},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {deontic-logic;prima-facie-obligation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ krogh:1999a,
  author = {Christen Krogh},
  title = {Abstract: On the Role of Action Logics and
  	Deontic Logics in Specifying Protocols},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Practical Reasoning and Rationality},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {John Bell},
  pages = {28--29},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {deontic-logic;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ kronfeld:1986a,
  author = {Amicai Kronfeld},
  title = {Donnellan's Distinction and a Computational
  	Model of Reference},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th Meeting of the Association for
  	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Alan W. Biermann},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Morristown, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {reference;definite-descriptions;referring-expressions;
  	pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ kronfeld:1990a,
  author = {Amicai Kronfeld},
  title = {Reference and Computation: An Essay in Applied Philosophy
  	of Language},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  series = {Studies in Natural Language Processing},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {reference;nl-interpretation;nl-generation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kronz:2000a,
  author = {Frederick M. Kronz},
  title = {Chaos in a Model of an Open Quantum System},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S446--S453},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {quantum-chaos;}  
  } 

@article{ kroon:1980a,
  author = {Frederick W. Kroon},
  title = {Review of {\it Advanced Logic for Applications}, by
  	{R}ichard {E}. {G}randy},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {415--418},
  xref = {Review of grandy_re:1977b.},
  topic = {logic-intro;}  
  } 

@article{ kroon:1999a,
  author = {Frederick W. Kroon},
  title = {Review of {\it An Introduction to Philosophical Logic},
  	by {A}.{C}. {G}rayling},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {445--448},
  xref = {Review of: grayling:1999a.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ kroon:2000a,
  author = {Frederick W. Kroon},
  title = {Review of {\it Definite Descriptions: A Reader}, by
  	{G}ary {O}stering},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {3},
  pages = {435--439},
  xref = {Review of: ostering:1998a.},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ krovetz:1997a,
  author = {Robert Krovetz},
  title = {Homonymy and Polysemy in Information Retrieval},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {72--79},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-polysemy;information-retrieval;}  
 } 

@article{ krovetz:2000a,
  author = {Robert Krovetz},
  title = {Viewing Morphology as an Inference Process},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {118},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {277--294},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Morphology is the area of linguistics concerned with the
     internal structure of words. Information retrieval has generally
     not paid much attention to word structure, other than to account
     for some of the variability in word forms via the use of
     stemmers. We report on our experiments to determine the
     importance of morphology, and the effect that it has on
     performance.  We found that grouping morphological variants
     makes a significant improvement in retrieval performance.
     Improvements are seen by grouping inflectional as well as
     derivational variants. We also found that performance was
     enhanced by recognizing lexical phrases. We describe the
     interaction between morphology and lexical ambiguity, and how
     resolving that ambiguity will lead to further improvements in
     performance.
       } ,
       topic = {information-retrieval;lexical-semantics;disambiguation;}  
       } 

@book{ kruglanski:1989a,
  author = {Arie W. Kruglanski},
  title = {Lay Epistemics and Human Knowledge: Cognitive and
  	Motivational Bases},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0306430789},
  topic = {social-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ kruijff:1998a,
  author = {Geert-Jan M. Kruijff},
  title = {Review of {\em Labelled Deductive Systems},
		by {D}ov {M}. {G}abbay},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {502--506},
  topic = {labelled-deductive-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ kruijffkorbayova:2000a,
  author = {Ivanna Kruijff-Korbayov\'a},
  title = {Review of {\em The Syntactic Phenomena of {E}nglish},
		by {J}ames {D}. {M}c{C}awley},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {263--266},
  xref = {Review of: mccawley:1998a.},
  topic = {nl-syntax;English-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kruijffkorbayova-etal:2002a,
  author = {Ivana Kruijff-Korbayov\'a and Elena Karagjosova and
    		Staffan Larsson},
  title = {Enhancing Collaboration with Conditional Responses in
  	Information-Seeking Dialogues},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {93--100},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  contentnote = {This is a SIRIDUS paper.  Conditional responses are
  	things like "No if you want to fly economy."},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;cooperation;} 
  } 

@book{ krulee:1987a,
  author = {Gilbert K. Krulee},
  title = {Two-Level Processing of Natural Language},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Bloomington, Indiana},
  ISBN = {0127472207},
  topic = {two-level-morphology;two-level-phonology;}  
 } 

@book{ kruse-etal:1991a,
  author = {Rudolf Kruse and Erhard Schwecke and Jochen Heinsohn},
  title = {Uncertainty and Vagueness in Knowledge Based Systems:
                   Numerical Methods},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;vagueness;fuzzy-logic;
  	probability;Dempster-Shafer-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kruse-etal:1991b,
  author = {Rudolf Kruse and J. Gebhardt and F. Klawonn},
  title = {Reasoning with Mass Distributions and the Context Model},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {81--85},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {vagueness;probability;}  
  } 

@book{ kruse-siegel:1991a,
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  title = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  number = {548},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
 } 

@incollection{ krymolowski-roth:1998a,
  author = {Yuval Krymolowski and Dan Roth},
  title = {Incorporating Knowledge in Natural Language Learning: A
  	Case Study},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {121--127},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  url = {
  http://www.ai.sri.com/\user{}harabagi/coling-acl98/acl_work/krymolowski.ps.gz},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;machine-language-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ krynicki:1995b,
  author = {Michal Krynicki},
  title = {Relational Quantifiers},
  publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Matematyczny},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Warsaw},
  ISBN = {0814725821},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;}  
 } 

@book{ krynicki-etal:1995a,
  editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W.
  	Szczerba},
  title = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  volume = {1},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Lindstr\"om, "Prologue"
        2. Hans-Dieeter Ebbinghaus, "On the Model Theory of Some
           Generalized Quantifiers"
        3. Lauri Hella and Kerkko Luosto, "Finite Generation Problem
           and n-ary Quanfifiers"
        4. Jouko Vaanaen, "Games and Trees in Infinitary Logic: A
           Survey"
        5. Heinrich Herre, "Theory of Linear Order in Extended
           Logics"
        6. Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski, "Henkin
           Quantifiers"
        7. Xavier Caicedo, "Continuous Operations on Spaces of
           Functions"
        8. J\"org Flum, "Model Theory of Topological Structures"
        9. Johann A. Makowski and Yachan B. Pnuelli, "Computable
           Quantifiers and Logics over Finite Structures"
       10. Dag Westerst{\aa}hl, "Quantifiers in Natural Language: A
	   Survey of Some Recent Work"
	   	},
  ISBN = {0792334507 (set: acid-free paper)},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;}  
 } 

@incollection{ krynicki-mostowski_m:1995a,
  author = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski},
  title = {Quantifiers, Some Problems and Ideas},
  booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W.
  	Szczerba},
  pages = {1--19},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {This is a survey paper.},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ krynicki-mostowski_m:1995b,
  author = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski},
  title = {Henkin Quantifiers},
  booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W.
  	Szczerba},
  pages = {193--262},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {branching-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ kshemkalyani:1997a,
  author = {Ajay D. Kshemkalyani},
  title = {Reasoning About Causality between Distributed Nonatomic
  	Events},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {92},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {301--315},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The complex events in distributed applications such as
     industrial process control, avionics, navigation, planning,
     robotics, diagnostics, virtual reality, and temporal and
     geographic databases, are realistically modeled by nonatomic
     events.  This paper derives and studies causality relations
     between nonatomic distributed events in the execution of a
     complex distributed application. Such causality relations are
     useful because they provide a fine level of discrimination in
     the specification of the relative timing relations and
     synchronization conditions between the nonatomic events. The
     paper then proposes a set of axioms on the proposed causality
     relations.  The set of axioms provides a mechanism for temporal
     and spatial reasoning with the set of relations and can be used
     to derive all possible implications from any valid predicate on
     the proposed relations.
  } ,
  topic = {causality;distributed-systems;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ kubat:1991a,
  author = {Miroslav Kubat},
  title = {Conceptual Inductive Learning: The Case of Unreliable
  	Teachers},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {52},
  number = {2},
  pages = {169--182},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Various algorithms for learning from examples usually suppose
     more or less reliable sources of information. In this paper, we
     study the influence of unreliable information sources on the
     learning process and the recovery possibilities. The problem is
     analyzed within the frame of the rough set theory which seems to
     be a suitable means for treating incomplete and uncertain
     knowledge.  We briefly report on the learning system FLORA which
     is based on this theory.  } ,
  topic = {machine-learning;unreliable-information-sources;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kubler:1998a,
  author = {Sandra K\"ubler},
  title = {Learning a Lexicalized Grammar for {G}erman},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {11--18},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;grammar-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kubner:1998a,
  author = {Sandra K\"ubner},
  title = {Learning a Lexiclized Grammar for {G}erman},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in 
  	Language Processing and Computational Natural Language
	Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {David M.W. Powers},
  pages = {11--18},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {grammar-learning;German-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kuchlin:1998a,
  author = {W. K\"uchlin},
  title = {Introduction (To Part {III}: Parallel Inference Systems},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ kueker-etal:1987a,
  editor = {David W.  Kueker and Edgar G.K. Lopez-Escobar and
  	Carl H. Smith},
  title = {Mathematical Logic and Theoretical Computer Science},
  publisher = {M. Dekker},
  year = {1987},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0824777468 (pbk.)},
  topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ kuhn_s:1979a,
  author = {Steven T. Kuhn},
  title = {Quantifiers as Modal Operators},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {39},
  number = {2/3},
  pages = {145--158},
  topic = {modal-logic;quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ kuhn_s:1989a,
  author = {Steven Kuhn},
  title = {The Domino Relation: Flattening a Two-Dimensional Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {173--195},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ kuhn_t:1962a,
  author = {Thomas Kuhn},
  title = {The Structure of Scientific Revolutions},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1962},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@article{ kuipers_bj:1978a,
  author = {Benjamin Kuipers},
  title = {Modeling Spatial Knowledge},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {129--154},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ kuipers_bj:1984a,
  author = {Benjamin Kuipers},
  title = {Commonsense Reasoning about Causality: Deriving Behavior
  	from Structure},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {169--203},
  topic = {qualitative-models;qualitative-physics;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ kuipers_bj:1986a,
  author = {Benjamin Kuipers},
  title = {Qualitative Simulation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {29},
  number = {3},
  pages = {289--338},
  topic = {qualitative-models;qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@article{ kuipers_bj-etal:1991a,
  author = {Benjamin J. Kuipers and Charles Chiu and David T. Dalle
  	Molle and D.R. Throop},
  title = {Higher-Order Derivative Constraints in Qualitative
  	Simulation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {343--379},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@article{ kuipers_bj:1993a,
  author = {Benjamin Kuipers},
  title = {Reasoning with Qualitative Models},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {125--132},
  topic = {qualitative-reasoning;qualitative-methods;}  
  } 

@article{ kuipers_bj:1993b,
  author = {Benjamin J. Kuipers},
  title = {Qualitative Simulation: Then and Now},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {133--140},
  topic = {qualitative-models;qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kuipers_bj-shultz:1994a,
  author = {Benjamin J. Kuipers and Benjamin Shultz},
  title = {Reasoning in Logic about Continuous Systems},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {391--402},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;qualitative-physics;reasoning-about-physical-systemsl
  	branching-time;kr-course;reasoning-about-continuous-quantities;
	continuous-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ kuipers_bj:2000a,
  author = {Benjamin J. Kuipers},
  title = {The Spatial Semantic Hierarchy},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {119},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {191--233},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The Spatial Semantic Hierarchy is a model of knowledge of
     large-scale space consisting of multiple interacting
     representations, both qualitative and quantitative.  The SSH is
     inspired by the properties of the human cognitive map, and is
     intended to serve both as a model of the human cognitive map and
     as a method for robot exploration and map-building.  The multiple
     levels of the SSH express states of partial knowledge, and thus
     enable the human or robotic agent to deal robustly with
     uncertainty during both learning and problem-solving.
     The control level represents useful patterns of sensorimotor
     interaction with the world in the form of trajectory-following
     and hill-climbing control laws leading to locally distinctive
     states.  Local geometric maps in local frames of reference can
     be constructed at the control level to serve as observers for
     control laws in particular neighborhoods.  The causal level
     abstracts continuous behavior among distinctive states into a
     discrete model consisting of states linked by actions.  The
     topological level introduces the external ontology of places,
     paths and regions by abduction to explain the observed pattern
     of states and actions at the causal level.  Quantitative
     knowledge at the control, causal and topological levels supports
     a ``patchwork map'' of local geometric frames of reference linked
     by causal and topological connections.  The patchwork map can be
     merged into a single global frame of reference at the metrical
     level when sufficient information and computational resources
     are available.
     We describe the assumptions and guarantees behind the
     generality of the SSH across environments and sensorimotor
     systems.  Evidence is presented from several partial
     implementations of the SSH on simulated and physical robots.},
  topic = {kr;spatial-reasoning;reasoning-about-space;
  	spatial-representation;qualitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ kukich:1983a,
  author = {Karen Kukich},
  title = {Knowledge-Based Report Generation: A Knowledge Engineering
  	Approach to Natural Language Report Generation},
  school = {University of Pittsburgh},
  year = {1983},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
} 

@article{ kukich:1988a,
  author = {Karen Kukich},
  title = {Techniques for Automatically Correcting Words in Text},
  journal = {{ACM} Computing Surveys},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {377--439},
  topic = {spelling-correction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kukich-etal:1994a,
  author = {Karen Kukich and Kathleen McKeown and James Shaw and
  	Jacques Robin and J. Lim and N. Morgan and J. Phillips},
  title = {User-Needs Analysis and Design Methodology for an
  	Automated Document Generator},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {109--115},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-generation;HCI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kukich-etal:1997a,
  author = {Karen Kukich and Rebecca Passaneau and Kathleen McKeown and
     		Dragomir Radev and Vasileios Hataivassiloglou and
		Hongyan Jing},
  title = {Software Re-Use and Evolution in Text
		Generation Applications},
  booktitle = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making
  	{NLP} Work in Practice},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {13--21},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {software-engineering;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kulikowski:1977a,
  author = {R. Kulikowski},
  title = {A Dynamic Consumption Model and Optimization of Utility
  	Functionals},
  booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  pages = {223--244},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;}  
  } 

@article{ kumonnakamura-etal:1995a,
  author = {S. Kumon-Nakamura and S. Glucksberg and N. Brown},
  title = {How about Another Piece of Pie: The Allusional
        Pretense Theory of Discourse Irony},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: General},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {124},
  pages = {3--21},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {irony;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ kunda:1999a,
  author = {Ziva Kunda},
  title = {Social Cognition},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-61143-0},
  topic = {social-psychology;social-cognition;agent-modeling;
  	cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ kung:1974a,
  author = {Guido K\"ung},
  title = {Prologue-Functors},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {241--254},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;Davidson-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ kunne-etal:1996a,
  editor = {Wolfgang K\"unne and Albert Newman and Martin Andushus},
  title = {Direct Reference, Indexicalitum and Propositional Attitudes},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;reference;}  
 } 

@article{ kuno:1974a,
  author = {Susumo Kuno},
  title = {Lexical and Contextual Meaning},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {469--477},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {pragmatics;context;}  
  } 

@book{ kunreuther:1968a,
  author = {Howard Kunreuther},
  title = {The Case for Comprehensive Disaster Insurance},
  publisher = {Dept. of Economics, Graduate School of Business, University 
  	of Chicago,},
  year = {1968},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {risk-management;insurance;}  
 } 

@article{ kunreuther:1976a,
  author = {Howard Kunreuther},
  title = {Disaster Insurance: A Tool For Hazard Mitigation},
  journal = {The Journal of Risk and Insurance},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {41},
  number = {2},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {risk-management;insurance;}  
 } 

@book{ kunreuther-etal:1978a,
  author = {H. Kunreuther et al.},
  title = {Disaster Insurance},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1978},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, other authors.},
  topic = {risk;}  
 } 

@book{ kunreuther-etal:2000a,
  author = {Howard Kunreuther and Nathan Novemsky and Daniel Kahneman},
  title = {Making Low Probabilities Useful},
  publisher = {Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, 
  		The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania},
  year = {2000},
  address = {[Philadelphia},
  ISBN = {0471150819 (electronic bk.)},
  topic = {risk-assessment;}  
 } 

@book{ kuper:1999a,
  author = {Adam Kuper},
  title = {Culture.  The Anthropologist's Account},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: jarvie:2000a.},
  topic = {cultural-anthropology;philosophy-of-social-science;}  
 } 

@book{ kuper-etal:2000a,
  editor = {Gabriel Kuper and Leonid Libkin and Jan Paredaens},
  title = {Constraint Databases},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-540-66151-4},
  topic = {constraint-databases;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ kurkisuonio:1986a,
  author = {R. Kurki-Suonio},
  title = {Towards Programming With Knowledge Expressions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual {ACM} Symposium
  	on Principles of Programming Languages},
  publisher = {ACM},
  year = {1981},
  pages = {140--149},
  organization = {ACM},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor, publisher, address},
  topic = {knowledge-based-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ kuroda:1979a,
  author = {S-.Y. Kuroda},
  title = {Some Thoughts on the Foundations of Language Use},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--17},
  topic = {pragmatics;foundations-of-pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ kuroda:1986a,
  author = {S.-Y. Kuroda},
  title = {A Formal Theory of Speech Acts},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {495--524},
  topic = {speech-acts;}  
  } 

@article{ kuroda:1989a,
  author = {S.-Y. Kuroda},
  title = {An Explanatory Theory of Communicative Intention},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {6},
  pages = {655--681},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kurohashi-higasa:2000a,
  author = {Sado Kurohashi and Wataru Higasa},
  title = {Dialogue Helpsystem Based on Flexible Matching of User
  		Query with Natural Language Knowledge Base},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  pages = {141--149},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;help-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ kurotonina-derijke:1997a,
  author = {Natasha Kurotonina and Maarten de Rijke},
  title = {Bisimulations for Temporal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {403--425},
  topic = {modal-logic;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ kurtonina:1998a,
  author = {Natasha Kurtonina},
  title = {Categorial Inference and Modal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {399--411},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ kurtonina-derijke:1999a,
  author = {Natashi Kurtonina and Maarten de Rijke},
  title = {Expressiveness of Concept Expressions in First-Order
  	Description Logics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {107},
  number = {2},
  pages = {303--333},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;taxonomic-logics;krcourse;}  
  } 

@article{ kurtonina:2000a,
  author = {Natasha Kurtonina},
  title = {Review of {\em Handbook of Logic and Language}, edited by
  	{J}ohan van {B}enthem and {A}lice ter {M}eulen},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {263--269},
  xref = {Review of: vanbenthem-termeulen:1996a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ kurtz-etal:1992a,
  author = {Stuart Kurtz and John Mitchell and Michael O'Donnell},
  title = {Connective Formal Semantics to Constructive Intuitions},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago},
  number = {CS 92--01},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  topic = {foundations-of-intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ kurucz-etal:1992a,
  author = {\'Agnes Kurucz and Istv\'an N\'emeti and Idik\'o Sain
  	and Andr\'as Simon},
  title = {Decidable and Undecidable Logics With a Binary Modality},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {191--206},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ kusch:1988a,
  author = {Martin Kusch},
  title = {Husserl and {H}eidegger on Meaning},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {77},
  number = {1},
  pages = {99--127},
  topic = {Husserl;Heidegger;semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ kusch-schroder:1989a,
  editor = {Martin Kusch and Hartmut Schr\"der},
  title = {Text--Interpretation--Argumentation},
  publisher = {H. Buske},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Hamburg},
  ISBN = {3871189219},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
 } 

@book{ kusch:1999a,
  author = {Martin Kusch},
  title = {Psychological Knowledge},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1999},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0 415 19253 6 (Hb)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ kushmerick-etal:1995a,
  author = {Nicholas Kushmerick and Steve Hanks and Daniel S. Weld},
  title = {An Algorithm for Probabilistic Planning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {239--286},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We define the probabilistic planning problem in terms of a
     probability distribution over initial world states, a boolean
     combination of propositions representing the goal, a probability
     threshold, and actions whose effects depend on the
     execution-time state of the world and on random chance.
     Adopting a probabilistic model complicates the definition of
     plan success: instead of demanding a plan that provably achieves
     the goal, we seek plans whose probability of success exceeds the
     threshold.
       In this paper, we present BURIDAN, an implemented
     least-commitment planner that solves problems of this form.  We
     prove that the algorithm is both sound and complete.  We then
     explore BURIDAN's efficiency by contrasting four algorithms for
     plan evaluation, using a combination of analytic methods and
     empirical experiments.  We also describe the interplay between
     generating plans and evaluating them, and discuss the role of
     search control in probabilistic planning.},
  topic = {probabilistic-planning;planning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ kushmerick:2000a,
  author = {Nicholas Kushmerick},
  title = {Wrapper Induction: Efficiency and Expressiveness},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {118},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {15--68},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The Internet presents numerous sources of useful
     information---telephone directories, product catalogs, stock
     quotes, event listings, etc. Recently, many systems have been
     built that automatically gather and manipulate such information
     on a user's behalf. However, these resources are usually
     formatted for use by people (e.g., the relevant content is
     embedded in HTML pages), so extracting their content is
     difficult.  Most systems use customized wrapper procedures to
     perform this extraction task.  Unfortunately, writing wrappers
     is tedious and error-prone.  As an alternative, we advocate
     wrapper induction, a technique for automatically constructing
     wrappers.  In this article, we describe six wrapper classes, and
     use a combination of empirical and analytical techniques to
     evaluate the computational tradeoffs among them. We first
     consider expressiveness: how well the classes can handle actual
     Internet resources, and the extent to which wrappers in one
     class can mimic those in another. We then turn to efficiency: we
     measure the number of examples and time required to learn
     wrappers in each class, and we compare these results to PAC
     models of our task and asymptotic complexity analyses of our
     algorithms.  Summarizing our results, we find that most of our
     wrapper classes are reasonably useful (70% of surveyed sites can
     be handled in total), yet can rapidly learned (learning usually
     requires just a handful of examples and a fraction of a CPU
     second per example).
  } ,
  topic = {AI-and-the-internet;machine-learning;automatic-programming;
  	information-integration;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kusters:1998a,
  author = {Ralf K\"usters},
  title = {Characterizing the Semantics of Terminological Cycles
  	in ${\cal ALN}$ Using Finite Automata},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {499--510},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;terminological-cycles;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ kutach:2002a,
  author = {Douglas N, Kutach},
  title = {The Entropy Theory of Counterfactuals},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1},
  pages = {82--104},
  topic = {conditionals;probability;} 
  } 

@article{ kutulakos-dyer:1995a,
  author = {Kiriakos N. Kutulakos and Charles R. Dyer},
  title = {Global Surface Reconstruction by Purposive Control of
  	Observer Motion},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {78},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {147--177},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
      What viewpoint-control strategies are important for performing
     global visual exploration tasks such as searching for specific
     surface markings, building a global model of an arbitrary
     object, or recognizing an object?  In this paper we consider the
     task of purposefully controlling the motion of an active,
     monocular observer in order to recover a global description of a
     smooth, arbitrarily-shaped object. We formulate global surface
     reconstruction as the task of controlling the motion of the
     observer so that the visible rim slides over the maximal,
     connected, reconstructible surface regions intersecting the
     visible rim at the initial viewpoint. We show that these regions
     are bounded by a subset of the visual event curves defined on
     the surface.
      By studying the epipolar parameterization, we develop two basic
     strategies that allow reconstruction of a surface region around
     any point in a reconstructible surface region. These strategies
     control viewpoint to achieve and maintain a well-defined
     geometric relationship with the object's surface, rely only on
     information extracted directly from images (e.g., tangents to
     the occluding contour), and are simple enough to be performed in
     real time. We then show how global surface reconstruction can be
     provably achieved by (1) appropriately integrating these
     strategies to iteratively ``grow'' the reconstructed regions, and
     (2) obeying four simple rules.},
  topic = {active-perception;contour;object-identification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kutz-etal:2002a,
  author = {Oliver Kutz and Frank Wolter and Michael Zakharyaschev},
  title = {Connecting Abstract Description Systems},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {215--226},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;hybrid-kr-architectures;} 
  } 

@article{ kvanvig:1995a,
  author = {Jonathan Kvanvig},
  title = {The Knowability Paradox and the Prospects for Anti-Realism},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {29},
  number = {4},
  pages = {481--500},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;propositional-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ kvart:1980a,
  author = {Igal Kvart},
  title = {Formal Semantics for Temporal Logic and Counterfactuals},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {23},
  number = {23},
  pages = {35--62},
  topic = {conditionals;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kvart:1986a,
  author = {Igal Kvart},
  title = {Kripke's Belief Puzzle},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {287--325},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {belief;Pierre-puzzle;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kvart:1997a,
  author = {Igal Kvart},
  title = {Cause and Some Positive Causal Impact},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {401--432},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@article{ kvart:2002a,
  author = {Igal Kvart},
  title = {Probabilistic Cause and the Thirsty Traveler},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {99},
  number = {2},
  pages = {139--179},
  topic = {causality;} 
  } 

@article{ kwa:1989a,
  author = {James B.H. Kwa},
  title = {{BS}*: An Admissible Bidirectional Staged Heuristic Search
  	Algorithm},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--109},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In order to reap the potential advantage of less extensive
     searching which bidirectional heuristic search algorithms offer,
     strategies are needed to influence the two search wavefronts to
     meet such that early termination will occur. The principled
     search control strategy aims to achieve this without trading
     running time, but can be found wanting still. An improved
     algorithm BS* is described which expands significantly less
     nodes on average than any other algorithm in the same class of
     non-wave-shaping admissible bidirectional algorithms. When
     pitted against BHPA, the only other heuristically guided member
     in this class, BS*'s average search efficiency in time and space
     is about 30% better. BS*'s superior performance stems from the
     use of all opportunities to achieve early termination and the
     elimination of unfruitful avenues by search reduction
     operations: nipping, pruning, trimming and screening. Such
     operations explore information gathered during search and have
     several spin-offs: more accurate guidance of search control,
     early exposure of nonpromising nodes and reduced bookkeeping
     overheads, all of which further enhance BS*'s performance. A
     further noteworthy feature of BS* is that it is the first staged
     search algorithm which preserves admissibility.  } ,
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kwock:1997a,
  author = {K.L. Kwock},
  title = {Lexicon Effects on {C}hinese Information Retrieval},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {141--148},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;Chinese-language;
		information-retrieval;}  
  } 

@article{ kwoh-gillies:1996a,
  author = {Chee-Keong Kwoh and Duncan Fyfe Gillies},
  title = {Using Hidden Nodes in {B}ayesian Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {88},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--38},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kwong:1998a,
  author = {Oi Yee Kwong},
  title = {Aligning {W}ord{N}et with Additional Lexical Resources},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {73--79},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@article{ kyburg:1990a,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {Probabilistic Inference and Probabilistic Reasoning},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {107--116},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kyburg:1994a,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {Uncertainty Logics},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence
   	         and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic
		 Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson},
  pages = {397--438 } ,
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {uncertainty-logics;uncertainty-in-AI;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kyburg_a-morreau:1998a,
  author = {Alice Kyburg and Michael Morreau},
  title = {Vague Utterances and Context Change},
  year = {1998},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {vagueness;context;}  
  } 

@article{ kyburg_a-morreau:2000a,
  author = {Alice Kyburg and Michael Morreau},
  title = {Fitting Words: Vague Language in Context},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {6},
  pages = {577--597},
  topic = {vagueness;context;}  
  } 

@book{ kyburg_he:1961a,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {Probability and the Logic of Rational Belief},
  publisher = {Wesleyan University Press},
  year = {1961},
  address = {Middletown, Connecticut},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
 } 

@book{ kyburg_he-smokler:1964a,
  editor = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.} and Howard E. Smokler},
  title = {Studies in Subjective Probability},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1964},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {subjective-probability;foundations-of-probability;}  
 } 

@article{ kyburg_he:1966a,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {Probability and Decision},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {33},
  number = {3},
  pages = {250--261},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;decision-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kyburg_he:1970a,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {Conjunctivitis},
  booktitle = {Induction, Acceptance, and Rational Belief},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1970},
  editor = {Marshall Swain},
  pages = {55--82},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {lottery-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ kyburg_he:1976a,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {Chance},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {355--393},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ kyburg_he:1976b,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {Chance},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {355--393},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
  } 

@book{ kyburg_he:1983a,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {Epistemology and Inference},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  ISBN = {0816611491},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;statistical-inference;
  	foundations-of-belief;}  
 } 

@incollection{ kyburg_he:1983b,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {Subjective Probability: Criticisms, Reflections, and
  	Problems},
  booktitle = {Epistemology and Inference},
  editor = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {79--98},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ kyburg_he:1985a,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {Representing Knowledge and Evidence for Decision},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department,
  	University of Rochester.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ kyburg_he:1987a,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {Bayesian and Non-{B}ayesian Evidential Updating},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {31},
  number = {3},
  pages = {271--293},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;Dempster-Shafer-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kyburg_he:1988a,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {Powers},
  booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics,
  	Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms},
  pages = {71--82},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {causality;reasoning-about-uncertainty;probability;dominance;}  
  } 

@article{ kyburg_he:1988b,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {Review of {\it Abstract Measurement Theory},
  	by {L}ouis {N}arens},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1},
  pages = {179--182},
  xref = {Review of narens:1988a.},
  topic = {measurement-in-behavioral-science;measurement-theory;}  
  } 

@techreport{ kyburg_he:1996a,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {Combinatorial Semantics: Semantics for Frequent Validity},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of
  	Rochester},
  number = {563},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Rochester, New York},
  topic = {probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kyburg_he:1996b,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {Dennett's Beer},
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem
             in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn},
  pages = {49--60},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {frame-problem;}  
  } 

@article{ kyburg_he:1997a,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {Combinatorial Semantics:  Semantics for Frequent Validity},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {215--257},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ kyburg_he:1997b,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {The Rule of Adjunction and Reasonable Inference},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {3},
  pages = {109--125},
  topic = {lottery-paradox;Simpson-paradox;conjunction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ kyburg_he:1998a,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {Families of Probabilities},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncert`swiainty
		Management Systems, Volume 1:  Quantified Representation
		of Uncertainty and Imprecision},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {227--245},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {relaxations-of-classical-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ kyburg_he:2000a,
  author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}},
  title = {Review of {\it Rethinking the Foundations of
  	Statistics}, edited by {J}oseph {B}. {K}adane and
	{M}ark {J}. {S}chervish and {T}eddy {S}eidenfeld},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {5},
  pages = {677--680},
  topic = {foundations-of-statistics;Bayesian-statistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ labov:1971a,
  author = {William Labov},
  title = {Methodology},
  booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science},
  publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of
		Maryland.},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {William Orr Dingwall},
  pages = {412--497},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;sociolinguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ labov:1972a,
  author = {William Labov},
  title = {Sociolinguistic Patterns},
  publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},
  year = {1972},
  address = {Philadelphia},
  contentnote = {Apparently contains the famous study on unreliability
  	of introspective methods.},
  topic = {sociolinguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ labov:1974a,
  author = {William Labov},
  title = {The Boundaries of Words and Their Meanings},
  booktitle = {New Ways of Analyzing Variation in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Georgetown University Press},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {Ralph Fasold and Roger Schuy},
  pages = {340--373},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@book{ labov-fanshel:1977a,
  author = {William Labov and D. Fanshel},
  title = {Therapeutic Discourse: Psychotherapy as Conversation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1977},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;text-linguistics;discourse;
  	sociolinguistics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ lachman:1998a,
  author = {Roy Lachman},
  title = {{AI}, Decision Science, and Psychological Theory
		in Decisions about People},
  journal = {{AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {110--129},
  topic = {decision-analysis;qualitative-utility;expert-systems;
		psychological-reality;}  
  } 

@book{ ladd:1980a,
  author = {D. Robert Ladd},
  title = {The Structure of Intonational Meaning: Evidence from
  	{E}nglish},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1980},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {nl-semantics;intonation;}  
 } 

@book{ ladd:1996a,
  author = {D. Robert Ladd},
  title = {Intonational Phonology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {intonation;}  
 } 

@article{ ladkin-reinefeld:1992a,
  author = {Peter B. Ladkin and Alexander Reinefeld},
  title = {Effective Solution of Qualitative Interval Constraint
  	Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {57},
  number = {1},
  pages = {105--124},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;constraint-satisfaction;interval-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ ladner:1977a,
  author = {Richard E. Ladner and Johjn H. Reif},
  title = {The Computational Complexity of Provability in Systems of
  	Modal Propositional Logic},
  journal = {{SIAM} Journal on Computing},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {467--480},
  topic = {modal-logic;algorithmic-complexity;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ladner-reif:1986a,
  author = {Richard E. Ladner and Johjn H. Reif},
  title = {The Logic of Distributed Protocols (Preliminary Report)},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {207--222},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@book{ ladusaw:1980a,
  author = {William Ladusaw},
  title = {Polarity Sensitivity as Inherent Scope Relations},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1980},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {nl-semantics;polarity;polarity-sensitivity;nl-quantifier-scope;}  
 } 

@article{ ladusaw:1983a,
  author = {William A. Ladusaw},
  title = {Logical Form and Conditions on Grammaticality},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {373--392},
  topic = {extended-std-theory;logical-form;}  
  } 

@techreport{ ladusaw:1985a,
  author = {William Ladusaw},
  title = {A Proposed Distinction between Levels and Strata},
  institution = {Syntax Research Center, Cowell College, University
  	of California at Santa Cruz},
  number = {SRC--85--04},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Santa Cruz, California},
  topic = {syntax;foundations-of-syntax;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ladusaw-dowty:1988a,
  author = {William Ladusaw and David Dowty},
  title = {Toward a Nongrammatical Account of Thematic Roles},
  booktitle = {Thematic Relations},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Wendy W. Wilkins},
  pages = {61--73},
  address = {San Diego, California},
  topic = {thematic-roles;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ladusaw:1994a,
  author = {William A. Ladusaw},
  title = {Thetic and Categorial, Stage and Individual, Weak
		and Strong},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{IV}},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann},
  pages = {220--229},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;i-level/s-level;existential-constructions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ladusaw:1996a,
  author = {William A. Ladusaw},
  title = {Negation and Polarity Items},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {321--341},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-negation;polarity;}  
  } 

@article{ laenans-vermeir:1990a,
  author = {E. Laenans and D. Vermeir},
  title = {A Fixpoint Semantics for Ordered Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {159--185},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lafage-lang:2000a,
  author = {C\'eline Lafage and J\'er\^ome Lang},
  title = {Logical Representation of Preferences for Group
  	Decision Making},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {457--468},
  topic = {social-choice-theory;prefence-representation;}  
  } 

@article{ lafollette_h-shanks:1993a,
  author = {Hugh {LaFollette} and Niall Shanks},
  title = {Belief and the Basis of Humor},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  volume = {30},
  number = {4},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {329--339},
  topic = {humor2;}  
  } 

@book{ lafollette_mc:1984a,
  editor = {Marcel C. La Follette},
  title = {Creationism, Science, and the Law:  The {A}rkansas
  	Case},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {creationism;}  
 } 

@book{ lafont_c:2000a,
  author = {Cristina Lafont},
  title = {The Linguistic Turn in Hermaneutic Philosophy},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  note = {Translated by Jos\'e Medina.},
  ISBN = {0-262-12217-0},
  topic = {continental-philosophy;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@article{ lafont_y:1997a,
  author = {Yves Lafont},
  title = {The Finite Model Property for Various Fragments of Linear
		Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {62},
  pages = {1202--1208},
  number = {4},
  topic = {linear-logic;finite-model-property;}  
  } 

@article{ laforte-etal:1998a,
  author = {Geoffrey LaForte and Patrick J. Hayes and Kenneth M. Ford},
  title = {Why G\"odel's Theorem Cannot Refute Computationalism},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {104},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {265--286},
  topic = {philosophy-of-computation;goedels-first-theorem;
  	foundations-of-cognition;}  
  } 

@book{ lahiri-wyner:1993a,
  editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner},
  title = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{III}},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ lahiri:1995a,
  author = {Utpal Lahiri},
  title = {Negative Polarity in {H}indi},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {168--185},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {sentence-focus;polarity;Hindi-language;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ lahiri:1997a,
  author = {Utpal Lahiri},
  title = {Focus and Negative Polarity in {H}indi},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--123},
  topic = {sentence-focus;polarity;Hindi-language;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ lahiri:2000a,
  author = {Utpal Lahiri},
  title = {Lexical Selection and Quantificational Variability in 
  	Embedded Interrogatives},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {4},
  pages = {325--389},
  topic = {interrogatives;nl-quantifiers;nl-semantics;} 
  } 

@book{ laird-etal:1986a,
  author = {John Laird and Paul Rosenbloom and Allen Newell},
  title = {Universal Subgoaling and Chunking: The Automatic Generation and
    Learning of Goal Hierarchies},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0898382130},
  xref = {Review: shrager:1987a},
  topic = {machine-learning;planning;cognitive-architectures;}  
 } 

@article{ laird-etal:1987a,
  author = {John E. Laird and Allen Newell and Paul S. Rosenbloom},
  title = {SOAR: an architecture for general intelligence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {33},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--64},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;SOAR;}  
  } 

@incollection{ laird-rosenbloom:1996a,
  author = {John E. Laird and Paul Rosenbloom},
  title = {The Evolution of the {S}oar Cognitive Architecture},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {1--50},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;SOAR;}  
  } 

@article{ laird-vanlent:2001a,
  author = {John Laird and Michael Van Lent},
  title = {Human-Level {AI}'s Killer Application: Interactive 
  	Computer Games},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {15--25},
  topic = {AI-editorial;computer-games;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ laita-etal:1998a,
  author = {L.M. Laita and E. Roanes-Lozano and Y. Maojo},
  title = {Inference and Verification in Medical Appropriateness Criteria
		Using {G}r\"obner Bases},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {183--194},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {automated-algebra;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lakemeyer:1986a,
  author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer},
  title = {Steps Towards a First-Order Logic of Explicit and Implicit
  	Belief},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {325--340},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;epistemic-logic;belief;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lakemeyer-levesque:1988a,
  author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {A Tractable Knowledge Representation Service with Full
  	Introspection},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {145--159},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {knowledge-representation;complexity-in-AI;
  	tractable-logics;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lakemeyer:1992a,
  author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer},
  title = {Tractable Meta-Reasoning in Propositional Logics of Belief},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {John McDermott},
  pages = {402--408},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lakemeyer:1992b,
  author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer},
  title = {On Perfect Introspection with Quantifying-In},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {199--213},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lakemeyer:1992c,
  author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer},
  title = {All You Ever Wanted to Know about {T}weety (But Were
  	Afraid to Ask)},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {639--648},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lakemeyer:1993a,
  author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer},
  title = {All They Know: A Study in Autoepistemic Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {376--381},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;reasoning-about-knowledge;}  
  } 

@article{ lakemeyer:1994a,
  author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer},
  title = {Limited Reasoning in First-Order Knowledge Bases},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {71},
  number = {2},
  pages = {213--255},
  topic = {belief;epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lakemeyer-meyer:1994a,
  author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer and Susanne Meyer},
  title = {Enhancing the Power of a Decidable First-Order Reasoner},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {403--413},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;theorem-proving;complexity-in-AI;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ lakemeyer-nebel:1994b,
  editor = {Gerhard Lakemeyer and Bernhard Nebel},
  title = {Foundations of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387581073},
  topic = {kr;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ lakemeyer:1995a,
  author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer},
  title = {A Logical Account of Relevance},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {853--861},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {kr;relevance;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lakemeyer:1995b,
  author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer},
  title = {Relevance in a Logic of Only Knowing about and Its
  	Axiomatization},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {Akedemie Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {163--173},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {autoepistemic-logic;relevance;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lakemeyer:1996a,
  author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer},
  title = {Only Knowing in the Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {14--25},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;reasoning-about-knowledge;autoepistemic-logic;
  	situation-calculus;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@article{ lakemeyer:1996b,
  author = {Gerhard Lakemayer},
  title = {Limited Reasoning in First-Order Knowledge Bases
  	With Full Introspection},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {84},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {209--255},
  topic = {tractable-logics;epistemic-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ lakemeyer:1997a,
  author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer},
  title = {Relevance from an Epistemic Perspective},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {97},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {137--167},
  topic = {relevance;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lakemeyer-levesque:1998a,
  author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {${\cal AOL}$ A Logic of Acting, Sensing, Knowing,
		and Only Knowing},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {316--327},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;action-logic;sensing-formalisms;autoepistemic-logic;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lakemeyer-levesque:2002a,
  author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Evaluation-Based Reasoning with Disjunctive Information
  	in First-Order Knowledge Bases},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {73--82},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;query-evaluation;} 
  } 

@book{ lakemeyer-nebel:2002a,
  editor = {Gerhard Lakemeyer and Berhard Nebel},
  title = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence in the New Millenium},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufman},
  year = {200},
  address = {San Francisco},
  ISBN = {1--55860-811-7},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
 } 

@techreport{ lakoff_g:1965a,
  author = {George Lakoff},
  title = {On the Nature of Syntactic Irreguarity},
  institution = {The Computation Laboratory of Harvard University},
  number = {NSF-16},
  year = {1965},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {syntax;irregularity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lakoff_g:1971a,
  author = {George Lakoff},
  title = {Presupposition and Relative Well-Formedness},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {329--340},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lakoff_g:1971b,
  author = {George Lakoff},
  title = {On Generative Semantics},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {232--296},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {generative-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lakoff_g:1972a,
  author = {George Lakoff},
  title = {Linguistics and Natural Logic},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {545--665},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;generative-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ lakoff_g:1973a,
  author = {George Lakoff},
  title = {Hedges: A Study in Meaning Criteria and the Logic
  	of Fuzzy Concepts},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {458--508},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lakoff_g:1975a,
  author = {George Lakoff},
  title = {Pragmatics in Natural Logic},
  booktitle = {Formal Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Edward L. Keenan},
  pages = {253--286},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {pragmatics;generative-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ lakoff_g-johnson:1980a,
  author = {George Lakoff and Mark Johnson},
  title = {Metaphors We Live By},
  publisher = {Chicago : University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0226468003},
  topic = {metaphors;connectionism;}  
 } 

@book{ lakoff_g:1987a,
  author = {George Lakoff},
  title = {Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal
  	about the Mind},
  publisher = {Chicago : University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0226468038},
  xref = {Review: weld:1988a.},
  topic = {connectionism;foundations-of-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lakoff_g:1993a,
  author = {George Lakoff},
  title = {The Syntax of Metaphorical Semantic Roles},
  booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky},
  pages = {27--36},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {thematic-roles;metaphor;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ lakoff_g-johnson:1999a,
  author = {George Lakoff and Mark Johnson},
  title = {Philosophy In The Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its
  	Challenge to {W}estern Thought},
  publisher = {Basic Books},
  year = {1999},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0465056733},
  xref = {Review: sowa:1999a.},
  topic = {embodiment;metaphor;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ lakoff_g-nunez:2000a,
  author = {George Lakoff and Rafael E. Nunez},
  title = {Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings
  		Mathematics into Being},
  publisher = {Basic Books},
  year = {2000},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0465037704},
  topic = {embodiment;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
 } 

@article{ lakoff_g:2001a,
  author = {George Lakoff},
  title = {Review of {\it The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive
  	Sciences,} edited by {R}obert {A}. {W}ilson and {F}rank {C}. {K}eil},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {130},
  number = {2},
  pages = {195--209},
  xref = {Review of: wilson_ra-keil:1999a.},
  topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;
  	embodiment;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lakoff_r:1974a,
  author = {Robin Lakoff},
  title = {Remarks on {\it this} and {\it that}},
  booktitle = {Papers from the Tenth Regional Meeting of the
  	   {Chicago} Linguistic Society},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {Michael LaGaly and Robert A. Fox and Anthony Bruck},
  organization = {Chicago Linguistic Society},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistic Society},
  address = {Goodspeed Hall, 1050 East 59th Street, Chicago, Illinois},
  pages = {345--356},
  topic = {demonstratives;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ lam-yeap_wk:1992a,
  author = {F.C. Lam and Wai Kiang Yeap},
  title = {Bayesian Updating: On the Interpretation of Exhaustive and
  	Mutually Exclusive Assumptions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {53},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {245--254},
  topic = {bayesian-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lamarche-retore:1996a,
  author = {F. Lamarche and Christian Retore},
  title = {Proof Nets for the {L}ambek Calculus---An
		Overview},
  booktitle = {Proofs and Linguistic Categories, Proceedings
		of the 1996 Roma Workshop},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {V.M. Abrusci and C. Casadio},
  pages = {241--262},
  publisher = {Cooperativa Libraria Universitara Editrice Bologna},
  address = {Bologna},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {proof-nets;Lambek-calculus;}  
  } 

@book{ lamarque:1996a,
  author = {Peter Lamarque},
  title = {Fictional Points of View},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  xref = {Review: hopkins:1998a.},
  topic = {fiction;fictional-characters;philosophy-of-literature;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lamarre:1991a,
  author = {Philippe Lamarre},
  title = {S4 as the Conditional Logic of Nonmonotonicity},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {357--367},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lamarre-shoham_y1:1994a,
  author = {Phillipe Lamarre and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Knowledge, Certainty, Belief, and Conditionalization},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94:  Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {J. Doyle and E. Sandewall and P. Torasso},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  pages = {415--424},
  topic = {kr;epistemic-logic;kr-course;belief;belief-update;}  
  } 

@book{ lamb:1988a,
 author = {David Lamb},
 title = {Down the Slippery Slope},
 publisher = {Croom Helm},
 year = {1988},
 address = {London},
 topic = {vagueness;}  
 } 

@article{ lambek-scott_pj:1981a,
  author = {J. Lambek and P.J. Scott},
  title = {Intuitionist Type Theory and Foundations},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {101--115},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;foundations-of-intuitionistic-logic;
  	higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lambek:1997a,
  author = {J. Lambek},
  title = {Programs, Grammars, and Arguments: A Personal View of
  	Some Connections Between Computation, Language and Logic},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {312--311},
  topic = {lambda-calculus;Lambek-calculus;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lambert:1996a,
  author = {Karel Lambert},
  title = {Russellian Names: Notes on a Theory of {A}rthur
       		{P}rior},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {411--417},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {Russell;proper-names;}  
  } 

@book{ lambert_k:1969a,
  editor = {Karel Lambert},
  title = {Philosophical Problems in Logic: Some Recent Developments},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1969},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Review: cresswell_mj:1990a.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ lambert_k:1972a,
  author = {Karel Lambert},
  title = {Notes on Free Description Theory:  Some Philosphical
  	Issues and Consequences},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {184--191},
  topic = {reference-gaps;definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@article{ lambert_k:1974a,
  author = {Karel Lambert},
  title = {Predication and Extensionality},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {255--264},
  topic = {intensional-logic;referential-opacity;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lambert_l-carberry_s:1991a,
  author = {Lynn Lambert and Sandra Carberry},
  title = {A Tripartite Plan-Based Model of Dialogue},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Robert C. Berwick},
  pages = {47--54},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {discourse;plan-recognition;computational-linguistics;
  	pragmatics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ lambert_l-carberry_s:1992a,
  author = {Lynn Lambert and Sandra Carberry},
  title = {Modeling Negotiation Subdialogues},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Henry S. Thompson},
  pages = {193--200},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {discourse;negotiation-subdialogs;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ lambert_l:1993a,
  author = {Lynn Lambert},
  title = {Recognizing Complex Discourse Acts: A Tripartite
  	Plan-Based Model of Dialogue},
  school = {Department of Computer and Information Science,
		University of Delaware},
  year = {1993},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;discourse;plan-recognition;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ lambrecht:1994a,
  author = {Knud L. Lambrecht},
  title = {Information Structure and Sentence Form:  Topic, Focus,
  	and the Mental Representations of Discourse Referents},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521380561},
  topic = {sentence-focus;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ lambrecht:1995a,
  author = {Knud L. Lambrecht},
  title = {Compositional vs. Constructional Meaning:  The
		Case of {F}rench {\em comme-}{N}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {186--203},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;compositionality;French-language;}  
  } 

@article{ lambrecht-michaelis:1998a,
  author = {Knud L. Lambrecht and Laura A. Michaelis},
  title = {Sentence Accent in Information Questions:
  	Default and Projection},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {21},
  number = {5},
  pages = {477--544},
  topic = {sentence-focus;contrastive-stress;intonation;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@book{ lamma-mello:1993a,
  editor = {E. Lamma and P. Mello},
  title = {Extensions Of Logic Programming: Third International Workshop,
    {B}ologna, {I}taly, {F}ebruary 26-28, 1992},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540564543 (Berlin},
  topic = {extensions-of-logic-programming;}  
 } 

@article{ lamperti-zanella:2002a,
  author = {Gianfranco Lamperti and Marina Zanella},
  title = {Diagnosis of Discrete-Event Systems from Uncertain 
  	Temporal Observations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {137},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {91--163},
  topic = {diagnosis;} 
  } 

@article{ lamperti-zanella:2002a,
  author = {Gianfranco Lamperti and Marina Zanella},
  title = {Diagnosis of Discrete-Event Systems from Uncertain 
  	Temporal Observations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {137},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {91--163},
  topic = {diagnosis;} 
  } 

@techreport{ lamport-fischer_mj:1982a,
  author = {Leslie Lamport and Michael J. Fischer},
  title = {Byzantine Generals and Transactions Commit Protocols},
  institution = {{SRI} International},
  number = {Opus 62},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {Byzantine-agreement;protocol-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lamport:1985a,
  author = {Leslie Lamport},
  title = {Paradigms for Distributed Computing},
  booktitle = {Methods and Tools for Specification, an Advanced
  	Course},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {M. Paul and H.J. Siegert},
  pages = {19--30,454--468},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ lamport:1986a,
  author = {Leslie Lamport},
  title = {On Interprocess Communication, Part {I}: Basic Formalism},
  journal = {Distributed Computing},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {77--85},
  topic = {distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@book{ lamport:1986b,
  author = {Leslie Lamport},
  title = {\LaTeX: A Document Preparation System},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  topic = {computer-assisted-document-preparation;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ lamura-shoham_y1:1998a,
  author = {Piero La Mura and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Conditional, Hierarchical, Multi-Agent Preferences},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {215--224},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;preferences;
  	qualitative-utility;}  
  } 

@article{ lance-kremer:1994a,
  author = {Mark N. Lance and Philip Kremer},
  title = {The Logical Structure of Linguistic Commitment {I}:  Four
  	Systems of Non-Relevant Commitment Entailment},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {4},
  pages = {369--400},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lance-kremer_p:1996a,
  author = {Mark Lance and Philip Kremer},
  title = {The Logical Structure of Linguistic Commitment {II}:
  	Systems of Relevant Commitment Entailment},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {4},
  pages = {425--449},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ lance-olearyhawthorne:1997a,
  author = {Mark Lance and John O'Leary-Hawthorne},
  title = {The Grammar of Meaning: Normativity and
  	Semantic Discourse},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lance:1998a,
  author = {Mark Norris Lance},
  title = {Some Reflections on the Sport of Language},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {219--240},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {belief;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@article{ lance:2001a,
  author = {Mark Lance},
  title = {The Logical Structure of Linguistic Commitment {III}:},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {5},
  pages = {439--464},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ landau:1984a,
  author = {Sidney I. Landau},
  title = {Dictionaries : The Art and Craft of Lexicography},
  publisher = {Scribner},
  year = {1984},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0684180960},
  topic = {lexicography;}  
 } 

@book{ landau:1989a,
  author = {Sidney I. Landau},
  title = {Dictionaries: The Art and Craft of Lexicography},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521367255},
  topic = {lexicography;}  
 } 

@article{ landini:1996a,
  author = {Gregory Landini},
  title = {The Definability of the Set of Natural Numbers in the
  	1925 {\em {P}rincipia {M}athematica}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {6},
  pages = {597--615},
  topic = {principia-mathematica;}  
  } 

@book{ landini:1998a,
  author = {Gregory Landini},
  title = {Russell's Hidden Substitutional Theory},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: levine_j1:2001a.},
  topic = {Russell;ramified-type-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ landman:1981a,
  author = {Fred Landman},
  title = {A Note on the Projection Problem},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {467--471},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ landman-moerdijk:1983a,
   author = {Fred Landman and Ieke Moerdijk},
   title = {Compositionality and the Analysis of Anaphora},
   journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
   year = {1983},
   volume = {6},
   number = {1},
   pages = {89--115},
   topic = {nl-semantics;compositionality;donkey-anaphora;}  
  } 

@incollection{ landman:1984a,
  author = {Fred Landman},
  title = {Data Semantics for Attitude Reports},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {193--218},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@book{ landman-veltman:1984a,
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  title = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {90-6765-007-2 (pbk)},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Emmon Bach, "Some Generalizations of Categorial
          Grammars", pp. 1--23
     2. Renate Bartsch, "The Structure of Word Meanings: Polysemy,
     	  Metaphor, Metonymy", pp. 25--54
     3. Johan van Benthem, "The Logic of Semantics", pp. 55--80
     4. Annabel Cormak, "{VP} Anaphora: Variables and Scope", pp. 81--102
     5. Jan van Eijk, "Discourse Representation, Anaphora and
          Scopes", pp. 103--122
     6. Kit Fine, "A Defense of Arbitrary Objects", pp. 123--142
     7. Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof, "On the Semantics of
     	  Questions and the Pragmatics of Answers", pp. 143--170
     8. Theo M.V. Janssen, "Individual Concepts are Useful", pp. 171--192
     9. Fred Landman, "Data Semantics for Attitude Reports", pp. 193--218
    10. David Lewis, "Individuation by Acquaintance and by
          Stipulation", pp. 219--244
    11. Godehard Link, "Hydras: Or the Logic of Relative Constructions
    	  with Multiple Heads", pp. 245--258
    12. Alice G.B. ter Meulen, "Events, Quantities, and
          Individuals", pp. 259--280
    13. Barbara H. Partee, "Compositionality", pp. 281--312
    14. John Perry, "Contradictory Situations", pp. 313--324
    15. Manfred Pinkal, "Consistency and Context Change: The
          Sorites Paradox", pp. 325--342
    16. Pieter A.M. Seuren, "Logic and Truth-Values in
          Languages", pp. 343--364
    17. Ken-ichiro Shirai, "Where Locative Expressions are Located
          in {M}ontague Grammar", pp. 365--384
    18. Arnim von Stechow, "Structured Propositions and Essential
           Indexicals", pp. 385--404
    19. Henk Zeevat, "Belief", pp. 405--425
  } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ landman:1985a,
  author = {Fred Landman},
  title = {The Realist Theory of Meaning},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {35--51},
  topic = {situation-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ landman:1986a,
  author = {Fred Landman},
  title = {Pegs and Alecs},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {45--61},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {reference;identity;}  
  } 

@book{ landman:1986b,
  author = {Fred Landman},
  title = {Towards a Theory of Information: The Status of Partial
	Objects in Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9067651559},
  topic = {nl-semantics;partial-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ landman:1989a,
   author = {Fred Landman},
   title = {Groups, {I}},
   journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
   year = {1989},
   volume = {12},
   number = {5},
   pages = {559--605},
   topic = {nl-semantics;plural;}  
  } 

@article{ landman:1989b,
   author = {Fred Landman},
   title = {Groups, {II}},
   journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
   year = {1989},
   volume = {12},
   number = {6},
   pages = {723--744},
   topic = {nl-semantics;plural;}  
  } 

@article{ landman:1992a,
  author = {Fred Landman},
  title = {The Progressive},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {1--32},
  missinginfo = {number.},  
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;progressive;
  	imperfective-paradox;}  
} 

@incollection{ landman:1996a,
  author = {Fred Landman},
  title = {Plurality},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {425--457},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;}  
  } 

@article{ lane_pcr-gobet:2001a,
  author = {Peter C. R. Lane and Fernand Gobet},
  title = {Simple Environments Fail as Illustrations of Intelligence:
  	A Review of {R}olf {P}feifer and {C}hristian {S}cheier, {\it
	Understanding Intelligence}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {127},
  number = {2},
  pages = {261--267},
  xref = {Review of: pfeifer_r-scheier:1999a.},
  topic = {intelligence;foundations-of-AI;
  	foundations-of-cognitive-science;robotics;} 
  } 

@book{ lane_rd-nadel:2000a,
  editor = {Richard D. Lane and Lynn Nadel},
  title = {Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotion},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {019511888X},
  topic = {cognitive-neuroscience;emotion;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lang-marquis:1998a,
  author = {J\'er\^ome Lang and Pierre Marquis},
  title = {Complexity Results for Independence and Definability
		in Propositional Logic},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {356--367},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;definability;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ lang-marquis:2001a,
  author = {J\'erome Lang and Pierre Marquis},
  title = {Removing Inconsistencies in Assumption-Based Theories
  		through Knowledge-Gathering Actions},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {2},
  pages = {179--214},
  topic = {reasoning-about-consistency;truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lang:2002a,
  author = {J\'erome Lang},
  title = {From Preference Representation to Combinatorial Vote},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {277--288},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;preferences;social-choice-theory;} 
  } 

@incollection{ lang-marquis:2002a,
  author = {J\'erome Lang and Pierre Marquis},
  title = {Resolving Inconsistencies by Variable Forgetting},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {239--250},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;belief-revision;paraconsistent-reasoning;} 
  } 

@incollection{ lang_b:1981a,
  author = {Bernard Lang},
  title = {Towards a Uniform Formal Framework for
    		Parsing},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  pages = {153--171},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lang_j:1996a,
  author = {J. Lang},
  title = {Conditional Desires and Utilities---An Alternative
  	Approach to Qualitative Decision Theory},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of {ECAI}'96},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {318--322},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher, editor, address},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lang_j-marquis:2000a,
  author = {J\'erome Lang and Pierre Marquis},
  title = {In Search of the Right Extension},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {625--636},
  topic = {default-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ langacker:1987a,
  author = {Ronald W. Langacker},
  title = {Foundations of Cognitive Grammar},
  publisher = {Stanford University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {cognitive-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ lange_m:1999a,
  author = {Marc Lange},
  title = {Calibration and the Epistemological Role of {B}ayesian
  	Conditionalization},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {6},
  pages = {294--324},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@article{ lange_m:1999b,
  author = {Marc Lange},
  title = {Laws, Counterfactuals, Stability, and Degrees of
		Likelihood},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {66},
  number = {2},
  pages = {243--267},
  topic = {natural-laws;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ lange_m:2001a,
  author = {Marc Lange},
  title = {The Most Famous Equation},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {98},
  number = {5},
  pages = {219--238},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lange_s:1991a,
  author = {Steffen Lange},
  title = {A Note on Polynomial-Time Inference of $k$-Variable
  	Pattern Languages},
  booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt},
  pages = {178--183},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {learning-theory;polynomial-algorithms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ langendoen:1971a,
  author = {D. Terence Langendoen},
  title = {Presupposition and Assertion in the Semantic Analysis of
  	Nouns and Verbs in {E}nglish},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {341--344},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ langendoen:1971b,
  author = {D. Terence Langendoen},
  title = {Presupposition and the Semantic
    		Analysis of Nouns and Verbs in {E}nglish},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {341--344},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {presupposition;} 
  } 

@incollection{ langendoen-savin:1971a,
  author = {D. Terence Langendoen and Harris B. Savin},
  title = {The Projection Problem for Presuppositions},
  booktitle = {Studies in Linguistic Semantics},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {55--60},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ langendoen:1976a,
  author = {D. Terence Langendoen},
  title = {Finite-State Parsing of Phrase-Structure Languages and the
  	Status of Readjustment Rules in Grammar},
  booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability},
  publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {89--113},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {foundations-of-syntax;}  
  } 

@incollection{ langendoen:1976b1,
  author = {D. Terence Langendoen},
  title = {Acceptable Conclusions from Unacceptable Ambiguity},
  booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability},
  publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {225--238},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Republication: langendoen:1976b2.},
  topic = {generative-semantics;nl-syntax;universal-grammar;
  	conditions-on-transformations;}  
  } 

@incollection{ langendoen:1976b2,
  author = {D. Terence Langendoen},
  title = {Acceptable Conclusions from Unacceptable Ambiguity},
  booktitle = {Testing Linguistic Hypotheses},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David Cohen and Jessica Worth},
  pages = {111--127},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Republication of: langendoen:1976b1.},
  topic = {generative-semantics;nl-syntax;universal-grammar;
  	conditions-on-transformations;}  
  } 

@incollection{ langendoen:1976c,
  author = {D. Terence Langendoen},
  title = {A Case of Apparent Ungrammaticality},
  booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability},
  publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {183--193},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@incollection{ langendoen-bever:1976a,
  author = {D. Terence Langendoen and Thomas G. Bever},
  title = {Can a Not Unhappy Person be Called a Not Sad One?},
  booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability},
  publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {239--260},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {linguistics-methodology;negation;nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@incollection{ langendoen-etal:1976a,
  author = {D. Terence Langendoen and Nancy Kalish-Landon and John
     		Dore},
  title = {Dative Questions: A Study in the Relation of
		Accessibility to Grammaticality of an {E}nglish
		Sentence Type},
  booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability},
  publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {195--223},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@book{ langendoen-postal:1984a,
  author = {D. Terence Langendoen and Paul M. Postal},
  title = {The Vastness of Natural Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: lapointe:1986a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ langendoen-marcus_m:1990a,
  editor = {Terry Langendoen and Mitch Marcus},
  title = {Tagging Linguistic Information in a Text Corpus},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  note = {Tutorial at the 28th Annual Meeting of the Association for
  	Computational Linguistics},
 } 

@article{ langford:1964a,
  author = {C.H. Langford},
  title = {Usage},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {62},
  number = {6},
  pages = {181--186},
  topic = {synonymy;}  
  } 

@book{ langford:1971a,
  author = {Glenn Langford},
  title = {Human Action},
  publisher = {Anchor Books},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Garden City, New York},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@incollection{ langholm:1984a,
  author = {Jan Tore Langholm},
  title = {Some Tentative Systems Relating to Situation Semantics},
  booktitle = {Report of an {O}slo Seminar in Logic and Linguistics},
  publisher = {Institute of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Jens Erik Fenstad and Jan Tore Langholm and Jan Tore L{\o}nning
	and Helle Frisak Sem},
  pages = {II.1--II.65},
  address = {Oslo},
  topic = {situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ langholm:1987a,
  author = {Tore Langholm},
  title = {H.{B}. {S}mith on Modality: A Logical Reconstruction},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  number = {4},
  pages = {337--346},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ langholm:1989a,
  author = {Tore Langholm},
  title = {Algorithms for Partial Logic},
  institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1989},
  number = {11},
  address = {Oslo, Norway},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {truth-value-gaps;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@techreport{ langholm:1989b,
  author = {Jan Tore L{\o}nning},
  title = {How to Say No with Feature Structures},
  institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1989},
  number = {13},
  address = {Oslo, Norway},
  topic = {feature-strudctures;negation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ langkilde-knoght:1998a,
  author = {Irene Langkilde and Kevin Knight},
  title = {The Practical Value of N-Grams in Derivation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {248--255},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;n-gram-models;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@article{ langley-zytkow:1989a,
  author = {Pat Langley and Jan M. Zytkow},
  title = {Data-Driven Approaches to Empirical Discovery},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {40},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {283--312},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In this paper we track the development of research in empirical
     discovery.  We focus on four machine discovery systems that
     share a number of features: the use of data-driven heuristics to
     constrain the search for numeric laws; a reliance on theoretical
     terms; and the recursive application of a few general discovery
     methods.  We examine each system in light of the innovations it
     introduced over its predecessors, providing some insight into
     the conceptual progress that has occurred in machine discovery.
     Finally, we reexamine this research from the perspectives of the
     history and philosophy of science. } ,
  topic = {automated-discovery;}  
  } 

@book{ langley:1996a,
  author = {Pat Langley},
  title = {Elements of Machine Learning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  address = {San Francisco},
  xref = {Review: flach:2001a.},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ langlois-haton:2001a,
  author = {David Langlois and Kamel Smaili and Jean-Paul Haton},
  title = {A New Method Based on Context for Combining Statistical
		Language Models},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {235--247},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;n-gram-models;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ langlotz:1989a,
 author = {Curtis Philip Langlotz},
 title = {A Decision-Theoretic Approach to Heuristic Planning},
 school = {Stanford University},
 year = {1989},
 type = {Ph.{D}. thesis},
 address = {Stanford, California},
 month = {November},
 note = {Computer Science Department Report No. STAN-CS-89-1295.},
 topic = {decision-theory;planning;}  
 } 

@book{ langton_cg:1989a,
  editor = {Christopher G. Langton},
  title = {Artificial Life: The Proceedings of an Interdisciplinary
    Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems, Held
    {S}eptember, 1987, in {L}os {A}lamos, {N}ew {M}exico},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Redwood City, California},
  ISBN = {0201093464},
  xref = {Review: smoliar:1995a.},
  topic = {artificial-life;}  
 } 

@book{ langton_cg:1992b,
  editor = {Christopher G. Langton},
  title = {Artificial Life {II}},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Redwood},
  ISBN = {0201554925},
  note = {Video Recording.  VHS format.},
  xref = {Associated Proceedings: langton_cg:1992a.},
  topic = {artificial-life;}  
 } 

@book{ langton_cg-etal:1992a,
  editor = {Christopher G. Langton and Charles Taylor and
  	J. Doyne Farmer and Steen Rasmussen},
  title = {Artificial Life {II}: Proceedings of the Workshop on Artificial
    Life held {F}ebruary 1990 in {S}anta {F}e, {N}ew {M}exico},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Redwood City, California},
  ISBN = {0201525704},
  xref = {Associated video: langton_cg:1992b.},
  xref = {Review: smoliar:1995a.},
  topic = {artificial-life;}  
 } 

@book{ langton_cg:1995a,
  editor = {Christopher G. Langton},
  title = {Artificial Life : An Overview},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262121891},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Charles Taylor and David Jefferson, "Artificial Life as a
		Tool for Biological Inquiry"
	2. Kristian Lindgren and Mats G. Nordahl, "Cooperation and
		Community Structure in Artificial Ecosystems"
	3. P. Schuster, "Extended Molecular Evolutionary Biology:
		Artificial Life Bridging the Gap between Chemistry
		and Biology"
	4. Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz, "Visual Models of Morphogenesis"
	5. Luc Steels, "The Artificial Life Roots of Artificial
		Intelligence"
	6. Michael G. Dyer, "Toward Synthesizing Artificial Neural
		Networks that Exhibit Cooperative Intelligent
		Behavior: Some Open Issues in Artificial Life",
	7. Pattie Maes, "Modeling adaptive autonomous agents"
       10. Kunihiko Kaneko, "Chaos as a Source of Complexity and
       		Diversity in Evolution"
       11. Thomas S.  Ray, "An Evolutionary Approach to Synthetic
       		Biology: Zen and the Art of Creating Life"
       12. Walter Fontana, G\"unter Wagner, and Leo W. Buss, "Beyond
       		Digital Naturalism"
       13. Mitchel Resnick, "Learning about life"
       14. David G. Stork, "Books on Artificial Life and Related Topics"
       16. Eugene H. Spafford, "Computer Viruses as Artificial Life"
       17. Melanie Mitchell and Stephanie Forrest, "Genetic
       		Algorithms and Artificial Life"
       18. Daniel Dennett, "Artificial Life as Philosophy"
       19. Stevan Harnad, "Levels of Functional Equivalence in
       		Reverse Bioengineering"
       20. Eric W. Bonabeau and Guy Theraulaz, "Why Do We Need
       		Artificial Life?"
   } ,
  topic = {artificial-life;}  
 } 

@book{ langton_cg-shimohara:1997a,
  editor = {Christopher G. Langton and Katsunori Shimohara},
  title = {Artificial Life {V}: Proceedings of The Fifth International
    Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262621118},
  topic = {artificial-life;}  
 } 

@book{ lansdale-ormerod:1994a,
  author = {Mark W. Lansdale and Thomas C. Ormerod},
  title = {Understanding Interfaces: A Handbook of Human-Computer
  	Dialogue},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0125283903},
  topic = {HCI;computational-dialogue;}  
 } 

@techreport{ lansky:1985b,
  author = {Amy Lansky},
  title = {Behavioral Planning for Multi-Agent Domains},
  number = {360},
  institution = {AI Center, SRI International},
  year = {1985},
  topic = {planning;distributed-systems;}  
 } 

@techreport{ lansky:1987a1,
  author = {Amy Lansky},
  title = {A Representation of Parallel Activity Based on Events,
  	Structure, and Causality},
  institution = {AI Center, SRI International},
  number = {401},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  xref = {Republished in Timberline Proceedings.  See lansky:1987a2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lansky:1987a2,
  author = {Amy Lansky},
  title = {A Representation of Parallel Activity Based on Events, Structure,
   and Causality},
  booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans, Proceedings of the 1986
   Workshop at Timberline, Oregon},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  pages = {123--160},
  xref = {Published originally as SRI tech report.  See lansky:1987a1.},
  year = {1987},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lansky:1987b,
  author = {Amy Lansky},
  title = {A Representation of Parallel Activity Based on Events,
  	Structure, and Causality},
  booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans, Proceedings of the 1986
   Workshop at Timberline, Oregon},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  pages = {123--160},
  year = {1987},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;causality;action-effects;}  
 } 

@article{ lansky:1988a,
  author = {Amy L. Lansky},
  title = {Localized Event-Based Reasoning for Multiagent Domains},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {319--340},
  missinginfo = {number.},
  topic = {multiagent-planning;}  
} 

@incollection{ lansky:1990a,
  author = {Amy L. Lansky},
  title = {Localized Representation and Planning},
  booktitle = {Readings in Planning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {James F. Allen and James Hendler and Austin Tate},
  pages = {670--674},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {planning;multiagent-planning;}  
} 

@article{ lansky:1998a,
  author = {Amy L. Lansky},
  title = {Localized Planning with Action-Based Constraints},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {98},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {49--136},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;planning-systems;partitioned-search;}  
  } 

@article{ lapata:2002a,
  author = {Maria Lapata},
  title = {The Disambiguation of Nominalizations},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {28},
  number = {3},
  pages = {357--388},
  topic = {compound-nouns;nominal-constructions;} 
  } 

@techreport{ lapierre:1990a,
  author = {Serge Lapierre},
  title = {A Functional Partial Semantics for Intensional Logic},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--90--12},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {intensional-logic;truth-value-gaps;partial-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lapointe:1986a,
  author = {Steven Lapointe},
  title = {Review of {\it The Vastness of Natural Language},
  	by D. Terence Langendoen and Paul M. Postal},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {225--243},
  xref = {Review of langendoen-postal:1984a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ lappin:1981a,
  author = {Shalom Lappin},
  title = {Sorts, Ontology, and Metaphor: The Semantics of Sortal
    Structure},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3110083094},
  topic = {metaphor;nl-semantics;nl-semantic-types;}  
 } 

@article{ lappin:1982a,
  author = {Shalom Lappin},
  title = {On the Pragmatics of Mood},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {559--578},
  topic = {nl-mood;pragmatics;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@article{ lappin-reinhart:1988a,
  author = {Shalom Lappin and Tanya Reinhart},
  title = {Presuppositional Effects of Strong Determiners},
  journal = {Linguistics},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {1021--1037},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ lappin-francez:1994a,
  author = {Shalom Lappin and Nissim Francez},
  title = {E-Type Pronouns, {I}-Sums, and Donkey Anaphora},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {4},
  pages = {391--428},
  topic = {anaphora;donkey-anaphora;}  
  } 

@book{ lappin:1996a,
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  title = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
	1. Barbara H. Partee, "The Development of Formal Semantics in
		Linguistic Theory", pp. 11--38
	2. Edward L. Keenan, "The Semantics of Determiners", pp. 41--63
	3. Robin Cooper, "The Role of Situations in Generalized
		Quantifiers", pp. 65--86
	4. Paulene Jacobson, "The Syntax/Semantics Interface in
		Categorial Grammar", pp. 89--116
	5. Robert Fiengo and Robert May, "Anaphora and
		Identity", pp. 117--144
	6. Shalom Lappin, "The Interpretation of Ellipsis"
	7. Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stockhof and Frank Veltman,
		"Coreference and Modality", pp. 179--213
	8. Craige Roberts, "Anaphora in Intensional Contexts"
	9. Jean Mark Gawron, "Quantification, Quantificational Domains and
		Dynamic Logic", pp. 247--267
       10. Mats Rooth, "Focus"
       11. Lawrence R. Horn, "Presupposition and Implicature", pp. 299--319
       12. William A. Ladusaw, "Negation and Polarity Items", pp. 321--341
       13. M\"rvet En\c, "Tense and Modality", 345--358
       14. James Higginbotham, "The Semantics of Questions", pp. 361--383
       15. Jonathan Ginzburg, "Interrogatives: Questions, Facts, and
       		Dialogue", pp. 385--482
       16. Fred Landman, "Plurality", pp. 425--457
       17. John Nerbonne, "Computational Semantics---Linguistics and
       		Processing", pp. 461--484
       18. Beth Levin and Malka {Rappaport Hovav}, "Lexical Semantics
       		and Syntactic Structure", 487--507
       19. Gila Y. Sher, "Semantics and Logic", pp. 511--537
       20. Ray Jackendoff, "Semantics and Cognition", pp. 539--559
       21. Ruth M. Kempson, "Semantics, Pragmatics, and Natural-Language
		Interpretation", pp. 561--598
       22. Jerrold J. Katz, "Semantics in Linguistics and Philosophy:  An
		Intentionalist Perspective", pp. 559--616
	},
  topic = {nl-semantics;semantics-survey;}  
 } 

@article{ lappin:2000a,
  author = {Shalom Lappin},
  title = {An Intensional Parametric Semantics for Vague
  	Quantifiers},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {6},
  pages = {599--620},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lappin_s:1996a,
  author = {Shalom Lappin},
  title = {The Interpretation of Ellipsis},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {145--175},
  topic = {nl-semantics;ellipsis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ larichev:1977a,
  author = {O.I. Larichev},
  title = {A Practical Methodology of Solving Multicriterion
  	Problems with Subjective Criteria},
  booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  pages = {197--208},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;}  
  } 

@book{ larijani:1994a,
  author = {L. Casey Larijani},
  title = {The Virtual Reality Primer},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1994},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0070364176},
  topic = {virtual-reality;}  
 } 

@article{ larkin-simon_h:1987a1,
  author = {Jill Larkin and Herbert Simon},
  title = {Why a Diagram Is (Sometimes) Worth 10000 Words},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {65--69},
  xref = {Republication: larkin-simon_h:1987a2.},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {diagrams;cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ larkin-simon_h:1987a2,
  author = {Jill Larkin and Herbert Simon},
  title = {Why a Diagram Is (Sometimes) Worth 10000 Words},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {69--109},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of larkin-simon_h:1987a1.},
  topic = {diagrams;cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ larrosa-etal:1999a,
  author = {Javier Larosa and Pedro Meseguer and Thomas Schiex},
  title = {Maintaining Reversible {DAC} for Max-{CSP}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {107},
  number = {1},
  pages = {149--163},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@book{ larson_ja:1992a,
  author = {James A. Larson},
  title = {Interactive Software: Tools for Building Interactive User
  	Interfaces},
  publisher = {Yourdon Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0139240446},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ larson_k-sandholm:2001a,
  author = {Keith Larson and Tuomas Sandholm},
  title = {Bargaining with Limited Computation: Deliberation
  	Equilibrium},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {132},
  number = {2},
  pages = {183--217},
  topic = {bargaining-theory;limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@article{ larson_rk:1982a,
  author = {Richard K. Larson},
  title = {A Note on the Interpretation of Adjoined Relative Clauses},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {473--482},
  topic = {nl-semantics;syntax-semantics-interface;
  	semantic-compositionality;}  
  } 

@article{ larson_rk-cooper_r:1982a,
  author = {Richard K. Larson and Robin Cooper},
  title = {The Syntax and Semantics of {\it When\/}-Questions},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {155--169},
  topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;when-questions;}  
  } 

@article{ larson_rk:1988a,
  author = {Richard K. Larson},
  title = {Implicit Arguments in Situation Semantics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {169--201},
  topic = {situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ larson_rk:1988b,
  author = {Richard K. Larson},
  title = {Scope and Comparatives},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--26},
  topic = {comparative-constructions;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ larson_rk:1990a,
  author = {Richard K. Larson},
  title = {Semantics},
  booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science,
     Vol. 1.},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {23--42},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ larson_rk:1992a,
  editor = {Richard K. Larson and James Higginbotham and Sabine
  	Iatridou and Utpal Lahiri},
  title = {Control and Grammar},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792316924 (hb)},
  topic = {nl-syntax;control;}  
} 

@article{ larson_rk-ludlow:1993a1,
  author = {Richard K. Larson and Peter Ludlow},
  title = {Interpreted Logical Forms},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {85},
  pages = {305--356},
  xref = {Republication: larson_rk-ludlow:1993a2.},
  topic = {logical-form;syntactic-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ larson_rk-ludlow:1993a2,
  author = {Richard K. Larson and Peter Ludlow},
  title = {Interpreted Logical Forms},
  booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Peter Ludlow},
  pages = {993--1039},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of: larson_rk-ludlow:1993a1.},
  topic = {logical-form;syntactic-attitudes;}  
  } 

@book{ larson_rk-segal:1995a,
  author = {Richard Larson and Gabriel Segal},
  title = {Knowledge of Meaning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ larson_rk:1996a,
  author = {Richard K. Larson},
  title = {Syntactica: The Semantics Lab},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262621061},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
    Software application tool design for undergraduate students to
    study natural language structure. Provides interface for creating
    grammars, viewing the structures that they assign to natural
    language expressions, and for transforming those structures by
    syntactic operations.  } ,
  topic = {syntax-intro;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ larssen_s-etal:2000a,
  author = {Staffan Larssen and Peter Ljungl\"of and Robin Cooper and
     		Elisabet Engdahl and Stina Ericsson},
  title = {{GoDiS}---An Accommodating Dialogue System},
  booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Candace Sidner et al.},
  pages = {7--10},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;accommodation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ larsson-zaenan:2000a,
  author = {Staffan Larsson and Annie Zaenan},
  title = {Document Transformations and Information States},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  pages = {112--120},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;intelligent-tutoring;}  
  } 

@article{ larsson_je:1996a,
  author = {Jan Eric Larsson},
  title = {Diagnosis Based on Explicit Means-End Models},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {80},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--93},
  topic = {diagnosis;model-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lascarides-asher:1991a,
  author = {Alex Lascarides and Nicholas Asher},
  title = {Discourse Relations and Defeasible Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 29th Meeting of the Association for
  	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {55--63},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  topic = {common-sense-entailment;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ lascarides:1992a,
  author = {Alex Lascarides},
  title = {The Progressive and the Imperfective Paradox},
  journal = {Synt\`hese},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {87},
  number = {6},
  pages = {401--447},
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;progressive;imperfective-paradox;
  	nm-ling;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ lascarides-etal:1992a,
  author = {Alex Lascarides and Nicholas Asher and Jon
		   Oberlander},
  title = {Inferring Discourse Relations in Context},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Henry S. Thompson},
  pages = {1--8},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {discourse-relations;context;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lascarides-oberlander:1992a,
  author = {Alex Lascarides and Jon Oberlander},
  title = {Abducing Temporal Discourse},
  booktitle = {Aspects of Automated Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert Dale and Eduard Hovy and D. R\"ossner and O. Stock},
  pages = {167--182},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st names.},
  topic = {abduction;nl-generation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ lascarides:1993a,
  author = {Alex Lascarides},
  title = {Knowledge, Causality and Temporal Representation},
  journal = {Linguistics},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {30},
  number = {5},
  pages = {941--973},
  topic = {causality;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ lascarides-asher:1993a,
  author = {Alex Lascarides and Nicholas Asher},
  title = {Temporal Interpretation, Discourse Relations and Common Sense
 	Entailment},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {5},
  pages = {437--493},
  topic = {common-sense-entailment;nm-ling;discourse;pragmatics;
  	temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lascarides-asher:1993c,
  author = {Alex Lascarides and Nicholas Asher},
  title = {A Semantics and Pragmatics for the Pluperfect},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Chapter of the Association
     for Computational Linguistics (EACL93)},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {250--259},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {tense-aspect;narrative-representation;narrative-understanding;
  	nm-ling;}  
  } 

@article{ lascarides-oberlander:1993a,
  author = {Alex Lascarides and Jon Oberlander},
  title = {Temporal Coherence and Defeasible Knowledge},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--37},
  topic = {common-sense-entailment;nm-ling;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ lascarides-oberlander:1993b,
  author = {Alex Lascarides and Jon Oberlander},
  title = {Temporal Coherence and Defeasible Knowledge},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--35},
  topic = {tense-aspect;discourse-coherence;nm-ling;common-sense-entailment;
  	nm-ling;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lascarides-oberlander:1993c,
  author = {Alex Lascarides and Jon Oberlander},
  title = {Temporal Connectives in a Discourse Context},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Chapter of the Association
     for Computational Linguistics (EACL93)},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {260--268},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Mahweh, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {tense-aspect;narrative-representation;narrative-understanding;
  	nm-ling;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ lascarides-etal:1994a,
  author = {Alex Lascarides and Ted Briscoe and Nicholas Asher
  	and Ann Copestake},
  title = {Proofs for Persistent Default Unification},
  year = {1994},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {default-unification;nml;}  
  } 

@article{ lascarides-asher:1995a,
  author = {Alex Lascarides and Nicholas Asher},
  title = {Lexical Disambiguation in a Discourse Context},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {69--108},
  topic = {common-sense-entailment;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lascarides-copestake:1995a,
  author = {Alex Lascarides and Ann Copestake},
  title = {The Pragmatics of Word Meaning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {204--221},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;pragmatics;discourse;
		nl-interpretation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ lascarides-etal:1995a,
  author = {Alex Lascarides and Ann Copestake and Ted Briscoe},
  title = {Ambiguity and Coherence},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--65},
  missinginfo = {number},
  contentnote = {Deals with the interface between pragmatics and
  	lexical semantics.},
  topic = {ambiguity;nl-polysemy;lexical-semantics;pragmatics;
		discourse-coherence;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ lascarides-etal:1996a,
  author = {Alex Lascarides and Ted Briscoe and Nicholas Asher and
  	Ann Copestake},
  title = {Order Independent and Persistent Typed Default Unification},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--89},
  topic = {nm-ling;unification;default-unification;}  
  } 

@article{ lascarides-etal:1996b,
  author = {Alex Lascarides and Ann Copestake and Ted Briscoe},
  title = {Ambiguity and Coherence},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--65},
  topic = {ambiguity;discourse-coherence;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ lascarides-asher:1998a,
  author = {Alex Lascarides and Nicholas Asher},
  title = {The Semantics and Pragmatics of Presupposition},
  year = {1998},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Edinburgh},
  topic = {presupposition;discourse;semantic-underspecification;
  	nm-ling;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ lascarides-copestake:1998a,
  author = {Alex Lascarides and Ann Copestake},
  title = {Pragmatics and Word Meaning},
  journal = {Journal of Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {34},
  number = {2},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;pragmatics;discourse;
		nl-interpretation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ lascarides-copestake:1999a,
  author = {Alex Lascarides and Ann Copestake},
  title = {Pragmatics and Word Meaning},
  journal = {Journal of Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {34},
  number = {2},
  pages = {55--105},
  topic = {pragmatics;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ lascarides-copestake:1999b,
  author = {Alex Lascarides and Ann Copestake},
  title = {Default Representation in Constraint-Based Frameworks},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {55--105},
  topic = {default-unification;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lasersohn:1987a,
  author = {Peter Lasersohn},
  title = {Collective Nouns and Distributive Determiners},
  booktitle = {Papers from the Twenty-Third Regional Meeting of the
  	{C}hicago Linguistic Society},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Robin Grossman and Jim San and Tim Vance},
  pages = {215--229},
  organization = {Chicago Linguistic Society},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistic Society},
  address = {Goodspeed Hall, 1050 East 59th Street, Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;}  
  } 

@article{ lasersohn:1989a,
  author = {Peter Lasersohn},
  title = {On the Readings of Plural Noun Phrases},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {130--134},
  year = {1989},
  xref = {Commentary: gillon:1990b.},
  topic = {plural;}  
  } 

@article{ lasersohn:1990a,
  author = {Peter Lasersohn},
  title = {Group Action and Spatio-Temporal Proximity},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {179--206},
  topic = {group-action;}  
  } 

@book{ lasersohn:1990b,
  author = {Peter Lasersohn},
  title = {A Semantics for Groups and Events},
  publisher = {Garland Publishing Company},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {group-action;}  
 } 

@article{ lasersohn:1992a,
  author = {Peter Lasersohn},
  title = {Generalized Conjunction and Temporal Modification},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  number = {4},
  pages = {381--410},
  topic = {coordination;nl-semantic-types;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lasersohn:1993a,
  author =  {Peter Lasersohn},
  title = {Lexical Distributivity and Implicit Arguments},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{III}},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner},
  pages = {145--161},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;events;thematic-roles;}  
  } 

@article{ lasersohn:1993b,
  author = {Peter Lasersohn},
  title = {Existence Presuppositions and Background Knowledge},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {113--122},
  topic = {presupposition;}  
  } 

@book{ lasersohn:1995a,
  author =  {Peter Lasersohn},
  title = {Plurality, Conjunction and Events},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {plural;events;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lasersohn:1996a,
  author = {Peter Lasersohn},
  title = {Adnominal Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{VI}},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  missinginfo = {editors, pages},
  topic = {conditinals;nominal-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ lasersohn:1997a,
  author = {Peter Lasersohn},
  title = {Bare Plurals and Donkey Anaphora},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {79--86},
  topic = {plural;donkey-anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ lasersohn:1998a,
  author = {Peter Lasersohn},
  title = {Generalized Distributivity Quantifiers},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {83--93},
  topic = {plural;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lasersohn:1998b,
  author = {Peter Lasersohn},
  title = {Events in the Semantics of Collectivizing Adverbials},
  booktitle = {Events and Grammar},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Susan Rothstein},
  pages = {273--292},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {events;adverbs;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ laskey-lehner:1989a,
  author = {Kathryn Blackmond Laskey and Paul E. Lehner},
  title = {Assumptions, Beliefs and Probabilities},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {41},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--77},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A formal equivalence is demonstrated between Shafer-Dempster
     belief theory and assumption-based truth maintenance with a
     probability calculus on the assumptions.  This equivalence means
     that any Shafer-Dempster inference network can be represented as
     a set of ATMS justifications with probabilities attached to
     assumptions.  A proposition's belief is equal to the probability
     of its label conditioned on label consistency.  An algorithm is
     given for computing these beliefs.  When the ATMS is used to
     manage beliefs, non-independencies between nodes are
     automatically and correctly accounted for.  The approach
     described here unifies symbolic and numeric approaches to
     uncertainty management, thus facilitating dynamic construction
     of quantitative belief arguments, explanation of beliefs, and
     resolution of conflicts. } ,
  contentnote = {Shows that any Dempster-Shafer theory can be
  	represented as a set of ATMS justifications with probs
	attached to assumptions.},
  topic = {Dempster-Shafer-theory;truth-maintenance;qualitative-probability;
  	probabilistic-reasoning;truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lasnik:1990a,
  author = {Howard Lasnik},
  title = {Syntax},
  booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science,
     Vol. 1.},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {1--21},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@book{ latombe:1978a,
  editor = {Jean-Claude Latombe},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and Pattern Recognition in Computer
    Aided Design: Proceedings of the {IFIP} Working Conference, Organized
    by Working Group 5.2, Computer-aided Design, {G}renoble, {F}rance, March
    17--19, 1978},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444852298},
  xref = {Review: sproull:1980a.},
  topic = {computer-aided-design;pattern-matching;}  
 } 

@book{ latombe:1991a,
  author = {Jean-Claude Latombe},
  title = {Robot Motion Planning},
  publisher = {Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Boston},
  ISBN = {0792391292},
  topic = {motion-planning;robotics;robot-navigation;}  
 } 

@article{ latombe-etal:1991a,
  author = {Jean-Claude Latombe and Anthony Lazanas and Shashank Shekhar},
  title = {Robot Motion Planning with Uncertainty in Control and
  	Sensing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {52},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--47},
  topic = {robotics;motion-planning;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lau-ornaghi:1994a,
  author = {Kung-Kiu Lau and Mario Ornaghi},
  title = {On Specification Frameworks and Deductive Synthesis of
  		Logic Programs},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {104--121},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-program-synthesis;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ lauer:1995a,
  author = {Mark Lauer},   
  title = {Designing Statistical Language Learners: Experiments on
  	Noun Compounds},
  school = {Department of Computing, Macquarie University},
  year = {1995},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Sydney},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;compound-nouns;}  
 } 

@book{ laurel:1990a,
  editor = {Brenda Laurel},
  title = {The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201517973},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ laurent:1973a,
  author = {Jean-Pierre Laurent},
  title = {A Program that Computes Limits Using Heuristics to
  	Evaluate the Indeterminate Forms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {69--94},
  topic = {computer-assisted-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ laurentini:2001a,
  author = {Aldo Laurentini},
  title = {Topological Recognition of Polyhedral Objects from
  	Multiple Views},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {127},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31--55},
  topic = {shape-recognition;}  
  } 

@article{ lauriere:1978a,
  author = {Jean-Louis Lauriere},
  title = {A Language and a Program for Stating and Solving
  	Combinatorial Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--127},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;combinatorics;}  
  } 

@article{ lauth:1995a,
  author = {Bernhard Lauth},
  title = {Inductive Inference in the Limit of Empirically
		Adequate Theories},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {5},
  pages = {525--548},
  topic = {induction;}  
  } 

@book{ laux-wansing:1995a,
  editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing},
  title = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Akedemie Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;propositional-attitudes;belief;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lave:1991a,
  author = {Jean Lave},
  title = {Situating Learning in Communities of
     		Practice},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {63--82},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}  
  } 

@article{ lavendhomme-lucas_t:2000a,
  author = {Ren\'e Lavendhomme and Thierry Lucas},
  title = {Sequent Calculi and Decision Procedures for Weak Modal
  	Systems},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {121--145},
  topic = {proof-theory;modal-logic;decidability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ laver:1989a,
  author = {John Laver},
  title = {Cognitive Science and Speech: A Framework for
		Research},
  booktitle = {Logic and Linguistics},
  publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen},
  pages = {37--70},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  topic = {cognitive-science-general;speech-perception;phonetics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lavid:2000a,
  author = {Julia Lavid},
  title = {Contextual Constraints on Thematization in
     		Written Discourse: An Empirical Study},
  booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum},
  pages = {37--47},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {context;corpus-linguistics;theme/rheme;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ lavignon-shoham_y1:1990a,
  author = {Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Lavignon and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Temporal Automata},
  year = {1990},
  month = {August},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, Stanford
  	University, Stanford, CA.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;special-purpose-automata;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lawler:1998a,
  author = {John M. Lawler},
  title = {The Unix$^{\mbox{\tiny TM}}$ Language
		Family},
  booktitle = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry},
  pages = {138--169},
  address = {London},
  topic = {unix;}  
  } 

@book{ lawler-dry:1998a,
  editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry},
  title = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  address = {London},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	0. John M. Lawler and Helen Aristar Dry, "Introduction",
		 pp. 1--9
	1. Gary F. Simons, "The Nature of Linguistic Data and
		the Requirements of a Computing Environment
		for Linguistic Research", pp. 10--25
	2. Helen Aristar Dry and Anthony Rodrigues Aristar, "The
		Internet: An Introduction", pp. 26--61
	3. Henry Rogers, "Education", pp. 62--100
	4. Susan Hockey, "Textual Databases", pp. 101--137
	5. John M. Lawler, "The Unix$^{\mbox{\tiny TM}}$ Language
		Family", pp. 138--169
	6. Evan L. Antworth and J. Randolph Valentine,
		"Software for Doing Field Linguistics", pp. 170--196
	7. James E. Hoard, "Language Understanding and the Emerging
		Alignment of Linguistics and Natural Language
		Processing", pp. 197--230
	8. Samuel Bayer and John Aberdeen and John Burger and Lynette
		Hirschman and David Palmer and Marc Vilain, "Theoretical
		and Computational Linguistics: Toward a Mutual
		Understanding", pp. 231--255
  	},
  topic = {linguistics-and-computation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lawler-dry:1998b,
  author = {John M. Lawler and Helen Aristar Dry},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry},
  pages = {1--9},
  address = {London},
  topic = {linguistics-and-computation;}  
  } 

@article{ lazanas-latombe:1995a,
  author = {Anthony Lazanas and Jean-Claude Latombe},
  title = {Motion Planning with Uncertainty: A Landmark Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {287--317},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In robotics uncertainty exists at both planning and execution
     time.  Effective planning must make sure that enough information
     becomes available to the sensors during execution, to allow the
     robot to correctly identify the states it traverses.  It requires
     selecting a set of states, associating a motion command with
     every state, and synthesizing functions to recognize state
     achievement.  These three tasks are often interdependent,
     causing existing planners to be either unsound, incomplete,
     and/or computationally impractical.  In this paper we partially
     break this interdependence by assuming the existence of landmark
     regions in the workspace.  We define such regions as ``islands of
     perfection'' where position sensing and motion control are
     accurate.  Using this notion, we propose a sound and complete
     planner of polynomial complexity.  Creating landmarks may
     require some prior engineering of the robot and/or its
     environment.  Though we believe that such engineering is
     unavoidable in order to build reliable practical robot systems,
     its cost must be reduced as much as possible.  With this goal in
     mind, we also investigate how some of our original assumptions
     can be eliminated.  In particular, we show that sensing and
     control do not have to be perfect in landmark regions.  We also
     study the dependency of a plan on control uncertainty and we
     show that the structure of a reliable plan only changes at
     critical values of this uncertainty.  Hence, any uncertainty
     reduction between two consecutive such values is useless.  The
     proposed planner has been implemented.  Experimentation has been
     successfully conducted both in simulation and using a NOMAD-200
     mobile robot. } ,
  topic = {robot-motion;motion-planning;}  
  } 

@book{ le_kf:1989a,
  author = {Kai-Fu Lee},
  title = {Automatic Speech Recognition: The Development of the
   {SPHINX} System},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {speech-recognition;}  
 } 

@book{ leach:1976a,
  author = {Edmund Leach},
  title = {Culture and Communication: The Logic by which Symbols Are
  	Connected},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {cultural-anthropology;structuralism;semiotics;}  
 } 

@article{ leacock-etal:1998a,
  author = {Claudia Leacock and Martin Chodorow and George A.
  	Miller},
  title = {Using Corpus Statistics and {W}ord{N}et Relations for
  	Sense Identification},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {147--165},
  topic = {corpus-statistics;lexical-disambiguation;WordNet;}  
  } 

@book{ leake:1996a,
  editor = {David B. Leake},
  title = {Case-Based Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lean:1962a,
  author = {M.E. Lean},
  title = {{M}r. {G}asking on Avowals},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series},
  publisher = {Barnes and Noble},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {169--186},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Commentary on: gasking:1962a.},
  topic = {indexicals;}  
  } 

@book{ leasombe:1990a,
  author = {Le\'a Somb\'e {P.~Besnard, M.O.~Cordier, D.~Dubois
  	L.~Fari\~nas del Cerro, C.~Froidevox, Y.~Moinard, H.~Prade,
	C.~Schwind, and P.~Siegel}},
  title = {Reasoning Under Incomplete Information in Artificial
  	Intelligence: A Comparison of Formalisms Using a Single
	Example},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
 } 

@book{ lebart-etal:1998a,
  author = {Ludvic Lebart and Andr\'e Salem and Lisette Barry},
  title = {Exploring Textual Data},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-7923-4840-0},
  xref = {Review: biber:1999a.},
  topic = {corpus-statistics;multivariate-statistics;cluster-analysis;}  
 } 

@article{ lebbah-lhomme:2002a,
  author = {Yahia Lebbah and Olivier Lhomme},
  title = {Accelerating Filtering Techniques for Numeric {CSP}s},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {139},
  number = {1},
  pages = {109--132},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;} 
  } 

@incollection{ leber-napoli:2002a,
  author = {Florence Le Ber and Amedeo Napoli},
  title = {Design and Comparison of Lattices of Topological Relations
  	Based on {G}alois Lattice Theory},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {37--46},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;spatial-representation;spatial-reasoning;} 
  } 

@book{ leblanc:1973a,
  editor = {Hugues Leblanc},
  title = {Truth, Syntax and Modality},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1973},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ leblanc:1983a,
  author = {Hugues Leblanc},
  title = {Probability Functions and Their Assumption Sets---The
  	Singulary Case},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {379--402},
  topic = {probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ leblanc:1983b,
  author = {Hughes Leblanc},
  title = {Alternatives to Standard First-Order Semantics},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {I}:
  	Elements of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {189--274},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {probability-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ leblanc-etal:1983a,
  editor = {Hugues Leblanc and Raphael Stern and Raymond Gumb},
  title = {Essays in Epistemology and Semantics},
  publisher = {Haven Publications},
  year = {1983},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {epistemology;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ leblanc-etal:1989a,
  author = {Hugues Leblanc and Peter Roeper and Michael Thau and
  	George Weaver},
  title = {Henkin's Completeness Proof: Forty Years Later},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {32},
  number = {2},
  pages = {212--232},
  topic = {completeness-theorems;}, 
  } 

@article{ lebowitz:1983a,
  author = {Michael Lebowitz},
  title = {Memory-Based Parsing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {363--404},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ leckie-zukerman:1998a,
  author = {Christopher Leckie and Ingrid Zukerman},
  title = {Inductive Learning of Search Control Rules for Planning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {101},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {63--98},
  topic = {machine-learning;planning;search;}  
  } 

@article{ ledesma-etal:1997a,
  author = {Luis de Ledesma and Aurora P\'erez and Daniel Borrajo
  	and Luis M. Laita},
  title = {A Computational Approach to {G}eorge {B}oole's Discovery
  	of Mathematical Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {91},
  number = {2},
  pages = {281--307},
  topic = {automated-scientific-discovery;}  
  } 

@article{ lee_ch-rosenfeld:1985a,
  author = {Chia-Hoang Lee and Azriel Rosenfeld},
  title = {Improved Methods of Estimating Shape from Shading Using
  	the Light Source Coordinate System},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {125--143},
  topic = {shape-recognition;}  
  } 

@article{ lee_ch:1988a,
  author = {Chia-Hoang Lee},
  title = {Interpreting Image Curve from Multiframes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {2},
  pages = {145--163},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A method of reconstructing the structure of a rigid space curve
     from multiframes is presented. The problem is formulated as:
     Does there exist a unique reconstruction of a general smooth
     space curve from images if the curve is moving constantly in the
     space?  What is the minimum information needed to allow such a
     reconstruction? The motion here is taken to be general, but
     rotates about a fixed axis uniformly. The only featured points
     are the two endpoints of the curve. We first establish a
     necessary and sufficient condition on the number of frames for
     determining the motion with only two feature points observable.
     Also, whether the underlying motion meets the formulation of the
     problem can be checked from the observables. Next, we show that
     the ambiguities of matching a given nonfeatured point on the
     curve in one frame are limited to the intersections of a
     straight line and the image curve on the other frame.  The
     ambiguities of matching nonfeature points can then be resolved
     and the reconstruction of the space curve follows readily.
     Experiments and examples are provided to illustrate each step of
     the method.  Furthermore, we find that conclusions obtained by
     Yuille and Poggio [8] (generalized ordering constraint) in the
     case of parallel projection are either special cases of or can
     be easily derived from this method.
  } ,
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;multiframes;motion-reconstruction;}  
  } 

@article{ lee_ch:1988b,
  author = {Chia-Hoang Lee},
  title = {A Comparison of Two Evidential Reasoning Schemes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {1},
  pages = {127--134},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Cordon and Shortliffe [2] advocate the use of Dempster-Shafer
     (D-S) theory in the evidence-gathering process.  It is stated
     that they are unaware of any formal model which could allow
     inexact reasoning at whatever level of abstraction.  Pearl [3]
     later shows how evidential reasoning can be conducted in the
     same hypothesis space using a Bayesian model.  The purpose of
     this note is to examine the difference between these two
     schemes, and to point out certain inconsistencies of this
     Bayesian model with the motives behind the use of the D-S model.  } ,
  topic = {Dempster-Shafer-theory;Bayesian-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lee_e-geller:1996a,
  author = {Eunice (Yugyun) Lee and James Geller},
  title = {Parallel Transitive Reasoning in Mixed Relational Hierarchies},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {576--587},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;mereology;inheritance;inheritance-theory;mereology;
		parallel-processing;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ lee_hs-schor:1992a,
  author = {Ho Soo Lee and Marshall I. Schor},
  title = {Match Algorithms for Generalized {R}ete Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {54},
  number = {3},
  pages = {249--274},
  topic = {rete-networks;AI-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ lee_kf-mahajan:1988a,
  author = {Kai-Fu Lee and Sanjoy Mahajan},
  title = {A Pattern Classification Approach to Evaluation Function
  	Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {36},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--25},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ lee_kf-mahajan:1990a,
  author = {Kai-Fu Lee and Sanjoy Mahajan},
  title = {The Development of a World Class {O}thello Program},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {43},
  number = {1},
  pages = {21--36},
  topic = {game-playing;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lee_l:1997a,
  author = {Lillian Lee},
  title = {Fast Context-Free Parsing Requires Fast Boolean
			Matrix Multiplication},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {9--15},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;parsing-efficiency;}  
 } 

@article{ lee_l:2000a,
  author = {Lillian Lee},
  title = {Review of {\it Foundations of Statistical Natural Language
  	Processing}, by {C}hristopher {D}. {M}anning and {H}inrich
	{S}ch\"utze},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {277--279},
  xref = {manning-schutze:1999a.},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@article{ lee_mh:1999a,
  author = {M.H. Lee},
  title = {Qualitative Circuit Models in Failure Analysis Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {111},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {239--276},
  topic = {qualitative-reasoning;diagnosis;}  
  } 

@article{ lee_sj-etal:1985a,
  author = {Shih Jong Lee and Robert M. Haralick and Ming Chua Zhang},
  title = {Understanding Objects with Curved Surfaces from a Single
  	Perspective View of Boundaries},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {145--169},
  topic = {shape-recognition;}  
  } 

@article{ lee_sj-plaisted:1994a,
  author = {Shie-Jue Lee and David A. Plaisted},
  title = {Problem Solving by Searching for Models with a Theorem
  	Prover},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {205--233},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Given a problem described as a set of rules or constraints,
     finding solutions that satisfy these constraints is a central
     task in the area of artificial intelligence.  We present a
     theorem prover that can solve a problem by searching for models.
     The problem representation it accepts is in first-order logic
     which is fully declarative.  The solutions obtained are logical
     consequences of the constraints, so they are correct.  Negative
     information can be asserted and processed correctly.  Finally, if
     the problem has multiple solutions, all of them can be found.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;constraint-satisfaction;problem-solving;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lee_ys-etal:1997a,
  author = {Young-Suk Lee and Clifford Weinstein and Stefanie
  	Seneff and Dinesh Tummala},
  title = {Ambiguity Resolution for Machine Translation of
  	Telegraphic Messages},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {120--125},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-translation;disambiguation;}  
 } 

@book{ leech:1983a,
  author = {Geoffrey Leech},
  title = {Principles of Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1983},
  address = {London},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ leech:1997a,
  author = {Geoffrey Leech},
  title = {Introducing Corpus Annotation},
  booktitle = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  pages = {1--18},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ leech:1997b,
  author = {Geoffrey Leech},
  title = {Grammatical Tagging},
  booktitle = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  pages = {19--33},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;corpus-tagging;}  
  } 

@incollection{ leech-etal:1997a,
  author = {Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery and Martin Wynne},
  title = {Further Levels of Annotation},
  booktitle = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  pages = {85--101},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ leech-eyes:1997a,
  author = {Geoffrey Leech and Elizabeth Eyes},
  title = {Syntactic Annotation: Treebanks},
  booktitle = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  pages = {34--52},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;treebank-annotation;}  
  } 

@article{ leeds:1978a,
  author = {Stephen Leeds},
  title = {Theories of Reference and Truth},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {111--129},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-semantics;truth-definitions;reference;}  
  } 

@article{ leeds:1997a,
  author = {Stephen Leeds},
  title = {Incommensurability and Vagueness},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {31},
  number = {3},
  pages = {385--407},
  topic = {incommensurability-of-theories;vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ leeds:2002a,
  author = {Stephen Leeds},
  title = {Perception, Transparency, and the Language of Thought},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {36},
  number = {1},
  pages = {104--},
  topic = {perception;mental-language;} 
  } 

@article{ leekam-prior_m:1994a,
  author = {Susan Leekam and Margot Prior},
  title = {Can Autistic Children Distinguish Lies from Jokes?
  	A Second Look at Second-Order Belief Attribution},
  journal = {Journal of Child Psychology},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {35},
  number = {5},
  month = {July},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@article{ lees-klima:1963a,
  author = {Robert B. Lees and Edward S. Klima},
  title = {Rules for {E}nglish Pronominalization},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {17--28},
  topic = {anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ leggitt-gibbs:2000a,
  author = {J.S. Leggitt and R.W. {Gibbs, Jr.}},
  title = {Emotional Reactions to Verbal Irony},
  journal = {Discourse Processes},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--24},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {irony;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lehman-carbonell:1989a,
  author = {Jill Fain Lehman and Jaime Carbonell},
  title = {Learning the User's Language: A Step Towards Automated
		Creation of User Models},
  booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {163--194},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {user-modeling;machine-language-learning;}  
 } 

@book{ lehman:1992a,
  author = {Jill Fain Lehman},
  title = {Adaptive Parsing: Self-Extending Natural Language Interfaces},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Boston},
  ISBN = {0792391837 (paper)},
  topic = {adaptive-interfaces;machine-language-learning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lehman:1996a,
  author = {Jill Fain Lehman},
  title = {Meaning Matters: Response to {M}iller},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {133--140},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;nl-processing;parsing-psychology;
  	lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ lehman-etal:1997a,
  author = {Jill Fain Lehman and Julie {van Dyke} and Deryle Lonsdale and
  	Nancy L. Green and Mark Smith},
  title = {A Building Block Approach to a Unified Language Capability},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	Carnegie Mellon University.},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;computational-linguistics;NL-Soar;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ lehman-etal:1997b,
  author = {Jill Fain Lehman},
  title = {Toward the Use of Speech and Natural Language Technology
		in Language Intervention},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	Carnegie Mellon University.},
  topic = {computer-assisted-language-development;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lehmann_d:1984a,
  author = {Daniel J. Lehmann},
  title = {Knowledge, Common Knowledge, and Related Puzzles},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third {ACM} Symposium on
  	Principles of Distributed Computing},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {62--67},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher},
  topic = {mutual-belief;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lehmann_d:1989a,
  author = {Daniel Lehmann},
  title = {What Does a Conditional Knowledge Base Entail?},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {212--222},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;nonmonotonic-conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lehmann_d-magidor:1990a,
  author = {Daniel Lehmann and Menachem Magidor},
  title = {Preferential Logics:  The Predicate Calculus Case},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {57--72},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;}  
  } 

@techreport{ lehmann_d:1992a1,
  author = {Daniel Lehmann},
  title = {Plausibility Logic},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, The Hebrew
  	University of Jerusalem},
  number = {TR--92--3},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ lehmann_d-magidor:1992b1,
  author = {Daniel Lehmann and Menachem Magidor},
  title = {What Does a Conditional Knowledge Base Entail?},
  journal = {Artificial intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {55},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--60},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ lehmann_d:1995a,
  author = {Daniel Lehmann},
  title = {Belief Revision Revised},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1534--1540},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lehmann_d:1997a,
  author = {Daniel Lehmann},
  title = {What is Qualitative?  A Framework for
        Quantitative and Qualitative Decision Theory},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {65--70},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;nonstandard-probability;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lehmann_d:1998a,
  author = {Daniel Lehmann},
  title = {Nonstandard Numbers for Qualitative Decision Making},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {161--174},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;nonstandard-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ lehmann_d-etal:2001a,
  author = {Daniel Lehmann and Menachem Magidor and Karl Schlechta},
  title = {Distance Semantics for Belief Revision},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {295--317},
  topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ lehmann_f:1992a,
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  title = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr; semantic-nets;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lehmann_f:1992b,
  author = {Fritz Lehmann},
  title = {Semantic Networks},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {1--50},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Also published in Computers and Mathematics with Applications;
  	vol. 23; 1992.},
  topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ lehmann_s:1994a,
  author = {Scott Lehmann},
  title = {Strict {F}regean Free Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {307--335},
  topic = {reference-gaps;Frege;}  
  } 

@book{ lehnert-ringle:1982a,
  editor = {Wendy G. Lehnert and Martin H. Ringle},
  title = {Strategies For Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0898591910},
  topic = {nl-proccessing;nl-interpretation;}  
 } 

@article{ lehnert-etal:1983a,
  author = {Wendy G. Lehnert},
  title = {{BORIS}---An Experiment in In-Depth Understanding of
  	Narratives},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {15--62},
  topic = {narrative-understanding;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lehnert:1986a,
  author = {Wendy Lehnert},
  title = {A Conceptual Theory of Question Answeing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  pages = {158--164},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication in: grosz-etal:1986a.},
  topic = {nl-understanding;question-answering;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lehnert:1988a,
  author = {Wendy G. Lehnert},
  title = {Knowledge-Based Natural Language Understanding},
  booktitle = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Howard E. Shrobe},
  pages = {83--132},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;nl-kr;nl-interpretation;nl-survey;conceptual-dependency;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ lehrer_a:1968a,
  author = {Adrienne Lehrer},
  title = {Competence, Grammaticality, and Sentence Complexity},
  journal = {The Philosophical Forum},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {85--93},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;competence;}  
  } 

@article{ lehrer_a:1971a,
  author = {Adrienne Lehrer},
  title = {Semantics: An Overview},
  journal = {The Linguistic Reporter},
  year = {1971},
  pages = {201--207},
  note = {Supplement 27.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ lehrer_a:1972a,
  author = {Adrienne Lehrer},
  title = {Evaluating Grammars: What Counts as Data?},
  journal = {Lingua},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {201--207},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ lehrer_a-lehrer_k:1982a,
  author = {Adrienne Lehrer and Keith Lehrer},
  title = {Antonymy},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {483--501},
  topic = {anyonymy;nl-semantics;negation;}  
  } 

@article{ lehrer_k:1959a,
  author = {Keith Lehrer},
  title = {Ifs, Cans, and Causes},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1959--1960},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {122--124},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {ability;conditionals;JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@article{ lehrer_k:1961a,
  author = {Keith Lehrer},
  title = {Cans and Conditionals: A Rejoinder},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1961},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {23--24},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {ability;conditionals;JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@article{ lehrer_k:1962a,
  author = {Keith Lehrer},
  title = {Can the Will Be Caused?},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {71},
  pages = {49--92},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {freedom;causality;volition;}  
  } 

@article{ lehrer_k:1963a,
  author = {Keith Lehrer},
  title = {Decisions and Causes},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {72},
  pages = {224--227},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Discussion of ginet:1962a.},
  topic = {freedom;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ lehrer_k:1963b,
  author = {Keith Lehrer},
  title = {\,`Could' and Determinism},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {159--160},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {ability;conditionals;JL-Austin;counterfactual-past;}  
  } 

@article{ lehrer_k-taylor_r:1965a,
  author = {Keith Lehrer and Richard Taylor},
  title = {Time, Truth, and Modalities},
  journal = {Mind, New Series},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {74},
  number = {295},
  pages = {390--398},
  title = {Freedom and Determinism},
  publisher = {Random House},
  year = {1968},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {freedom;(in)determinism;}  
 } 

@article{ lehrer_k:1968a,
  author = {Keith Lehrer},
  title = {Cans Without Ifs},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {29--32},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {ability;conditionals;freedom;JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lehrer_k:1976a,
  author = {Keith Lehrer},
  title = {\,`Can' in Theory and Practice: A Possible Worlds Analysis},
  booktitle = {Action Theory},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Myles Brand and Douglas Walton},
  pages = {241--270},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {ability;}  
  } 

@article{ lehrer_k:1984a,
  author = {Keith Lehrer},
  title = {Coherence, Consensus and Language},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {43--55},
  topic = {coherence;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ leib:1967a,
  author = {Hans-Heinrich Lieb},
  title = {On Subdividing Semiotic},
  booktitle = {Pragmatics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  pages = {94--119},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {pragmatics;semiotics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ leiber:1997a,
  author = {Justin Leiber},
  title = {Talking with Extraterrestrials},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {popular-linguistics;communication-with-aliens;}  
  } 

@book{ leibniz:1714a,
  author = {Gottfried Leibniz},
  title = {The Principles of Philosophy, or the Monadology},
  publisher = {Hackett Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Indianapolis},
  Note = {(Originally published in 1714.  Translated by R. Ariew and
  	D. Garber.)},
  topic = {metaphysics;philosophy-classics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ leishman:1989a,
  author = {Debbie Leishman},
  title = {Analogy as a Constrained Partial Correspondence over
  	Conceptual Graphs},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {223--234},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;analogy;conceptual-graphs;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ leitgeb:2001a,
  author = {Hannes Leitgeb},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning by Inhibition Nets},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {128},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {161--201},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;inhibition-nets;}  
  } 

@article{ leitgeb:2001b,
  author = {Hannes Leitgeb},
  title = {Theories of Truth which Have No Standard Models},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {69--87},
  topic = {semantic-closure;omega-consistency/completeness;
  	semantic-paradoxes;truth;}  
  } 

@article{ leith_m-cunningham_j:2001a,
  author = {Miguel Leith and Jim Cunningham},
  title = {Aspect and Interval Tense Logic},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {331--381},
  topic = {tense-aspect;interval-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ leith_p:1990a,
  author = {Philip Leith},
  title = {Formalism in {AI} and Computer Science},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood},
  year = {1990},
  address = {London},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. The Concept of Formalism
	2. The Call to Formalism
	3. Logic and Information
	4. Post-Medieval Information Processing
	5. Axiomatic Strategies in Computers and the Law
	6. Computer Models and Their Social Framework
	7. The Expertise in an Expert System
       10. Engineering and Mathematics in the Software Crisis
       11. Computer Science Education
       12. The Sociology of Computing as a Science
   } ,
  ISBN = {0-13-325549-2},
  topic = {logic-in-CS;legal-AI;social-impact-of-computation;}  
 } 

@article{ lejewski:1974a,
  author = {Czeslaw Lejewski},
  title = {A System of Logic for Bicategorial Ontology},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {265--283},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lemaitre-etal:1997a,
  author = {Jacques Le Maitre and Elizabeth Murisasco and Monique
		Rolbert},
  title = {From Annotated Corpora to Databases: The
		{S}gml{QL} Language},
  booktitle = {Linguistic Databases},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {John Nerbonne},
  pages = {37--58},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;linguistic-databases;}  
  } 

@book{ lemay:1998a,
  author = {Laura Lemay},
  title = {Teach Yourself {Perl} in 21 Days},
  publisher = {Sams},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Indianapolis},
  ISBN = {067231305-7},
  topic = {programming-manual;PERL;}  
 } 

@book{ lemay-coddenhead:2000a,
  author = {Laura Lemay and Rogers Coddenhead},
  title = {Teach Yourself {\sc Java} 2 in 21 Days},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {Sams},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Indianapolis},
  ISBN = {067231958-6},
  topic = {programming-manual;JAVA;}  
 } 

@article{ lemmon:1957a,
  author = {E.J. Lemmon},
  title = {New Foundations for {L}ewis Modal Systems},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1957},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {176--186},
  number = {2},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lemmon:1962a,
  author = {E.J. Lemmon},
  title = {On Sentences Verifiable By Their Use},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {86--89},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ lemmon:1962b,
  author = {E. J. Lemmon},
  title = {Moral Dilemmas},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  volume = {70},
  year = {1962},
  pages = {139--158},
  topic = {moral-conflict;}  
    } 

@book{ lemmon:1977a,
  author = {E.J. Lemmon},
  title = {The ``Lemmon Notes'': An Introduction to Modal Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Americal Philosophical Quarterly Monograph Series, Monograph
  	No. 11.},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ lemmon_o:1997a,
  author = {Oliver J. Lemmon},
  title = {Review of {\it Logic and Visual Information}, by
  	{E}ric {M}. {H}ammer},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {213--216},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ lemon:1999c,
  author = {Oliver Lemon and Maarten de Rijke and Atsushi
  	Shimo-Jima},
  title = {Editorial: Efficiency of Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {265--271},
  topic = {reasoning-with-diagrams;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lemon_o:1996a,
  author = {Oliver J. Lemon},
  title = {Semantical Foundations of Spatial Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {212--219},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;spatial-reasoning;spatial-representation;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ lemon_o-pratt:1997a,
  author = {Oliver J. Lemon and Ian Pratt},
  title = {Spatial Logic and the Complexity of Diagrammmatic
  	Reasoning},
  journal = {Machine Graphics and Vision},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {89--108},
  topic = {reasoning-with-diagrams;spatial-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ lemon_o-pratt:1997b,
  author = {Oliver J. Lemon and Ian Pratt},
  title = {On the Insufficiency of Linear Diagrams for
  	{A}ristotelian Syllogistic},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {forthcoming},
  missinginfo = {Said to be forthcoming in July, 1999.},
  topic = {reasoning-with-diagrams;syllogistic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lemon_o-pratt:1998a,
  author = {Oliver Lemon and Ian Pratt},
  title = {On the Incompleteness of Modal Logics of Space: Advancing
  	Complete Modal Logics of Place},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {115--132},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;spatial-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lemon_o:1999b,
  author = {Oliver Lemon},
  title = {Review of {\em {F}orms of Representation:
  	Interdisciplinary, Theme for Cognitive Science} edited by
	{D}onald {P}eterson},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {385--387},
  topic = {representation;foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
  } 

@book{ lemos:1994a,
  author = {Noah M. Lemos},
  title = {Intrinsic Value: Concept and Warrant},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {utility;practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ lemperti-zanella:2000a,
  author = {Gianfranco Lemperti and Marina Zanella},
  title = {Generalization of Diagnostic Knowledge by Discrete-Event
         Model Compilation},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {333--344},
  topic = {diagnosis;model-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ lenat:1977a,
  author = {Douglas B. Lenat},
  title = {The Ubiquity of Discovery},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {257--285},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     As scientists interested in studying the phenomenon of
     ``intelligence'', we first choose a view of Man, develop a
     theory of how intelligent behavior is managed, and construct
     some models which can test and refine that theory.  The view we
     choose is that Man is a processor of symbolic information.  The
     theory is that sophisticated cognitive tasks can be cast as
     searches or explorations, and that each human possesses (and
     efficiently accesses) a large body of informal rules of thumb
     (or heuristics) which constrain his search.  The source of what
     we colloquially call ``intelligence'' is seen to be very
     efficient searching of an a priori immense space.  Some
     computational models which incorporate this theory are
     described.  Among them is AM, a computer program that develops
     new mathematical concepts and formulates conjectures involving
     them; AM is guided in this exploration by a collection of 250
     more or less general heuristic rules.  The operational nature of
     such models allows experiments to be performed upon them,
     experiments which help us test and develop hypotheses about
     intelligence.  One interesting finding has been the ubiquity of
     this kind of heuristic guidance: intelligence permeates every
     day problem solving and invention, as well as the kind of
     problem solving and invention that scientists and artists
     perform.  The ultimate goals of this kind of research are (i) to
     de-mystify the process by which new science and art are created,
     and (ii) to build tools (computer programs) which enhance man's
     mental capabilities.},
  topic = {automated-discovery;machine-learning;heuristics;analogy;}  
  } 

@article{ lenat:1982a,
  author = {Douglas B. Lenat},
  title = {The Nature of Heuristics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {189--249},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Builders of expert rule-based systems attribute the impressive
     performance of their programs to the corpus of knowledge they
     embody: a large network of facts to provide breadth of scope,
     and a large array of informal judgmental rules (heuristics)
     which guide the system toward plausible paths to follow and away
     from implausible ones.  Yet what is the nature of heuristics?
     What is the source of their power? How do they originate and
     evolve?  By examining two case studies, the AM and EURISKO
     programs, we are led to some tentative hypotheses: Heuristics
     are compiled hindsight, and draw their power from the various
     kinds of regularity and continuity in the world; they arise
     through specialization, generalization, and -- surprisingly often
     -- analogy.  Forty years ago, Polya introduced Heuretics as a
     separable field worthy of study.  Today, we are finally able to
     carry out the kind of computation-intensive experiments which
     make such study possible.},
  topic = {automated-discovery;machine-learning;heuristics;analogy;}  
  } 

@article{ lenat:1983a,
  author = {Douglas B. Lenat},
  title = {{EURISKO}: A Program that Learns New Heuristics and Domain
  	Concepts.  The Nature of Heuristics {III}: Program Design and
	Results},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {61--98},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The AM program, an early attempt to mechanize learning by
     discovery, has recently been expanded and extended to several
     other task domains.  AM's ultimate failure apparently was due to
     its inability to discover new, powerful, domain-specific
     heuristics for the various new fields it uncovered.  At that
     time, it seemed straight-forward to simply add `Heuristics' as
     one more field in which to let AM explore, observe, define and
     develop.  That task -- learning new heuristics by discovery --
     turned out to be much more difficult than was realized
     initially, and we have just now achieved some successes at it.
     Along the way, it became clearer why AM had succeeded in the
     first place, and why it was so difficult to use the same
     paradigm to discover new heuristics.  In essence, AM was an
     automatic programming system, whose primitive actions were
     modifications to pieces of LISP code, code which represented the
     characteristic functions of various math concepts.  It was only
     because of the deep relationship between LISP and Mathematics
     that these operations (loop unwinding, recursion elimination,
     composition, argument elimination, function substitition, etc.)
     which were basic LISP mutators also turned out to yield a high
     `hit rate' of viable, useful new math concepts when applied to
     previously-known, useful math concepts.  But no such deep
     relationship existed between LISP and Heuristics, and when the
     basic automatic programming operators were applied to viable,
     useful heuristics, they almost always produced useless (often
     worse than useless) new rules.  Our work on the nature of
     heuristics has enabled the construction of a new language in
     which the statement of heuristics is more natural and compact.
     Briefly, the vocabulary includes many types of conditions,
     actions, and descriptive properties that a heuristic might
     possess; instead of writing a large lump of LISP code to
     represent the heuristic, one spreads the same information out
     across dozens of `slots'.  By employing this new language, the
     old property that AM satisfied fortuitously is once again
     satisfied: the primitive syntactic operators usually now produce
     meaningful semantic variants of what they operate on.  The ties
     to the foundations of Heuretics have been engineered into the
     syntax and vocabulary of the new language, partly by design and
     partly by evolution, much as John McCarthy engineered ties to
     the foundations of Mathematics into LISP.  The EURISKO program
     embodies this language, and it is described in this paper, along
     with its results in eight task domains: design of naval fleets,
     elementary set theory and number theory, LISP programming,
     biological evolution, games in general, the design of three
     dimensional VLSI devices, the discovery of heuristics which help
     the system discover heuristics, and the discovery of appropriate
     new types of `slots' in each domain.  Along the way, some very
     powerful new concepts, designs, and heuristics were indeed
     discovered mechanically.  Characteristics that make a domain
     ripe for AM-like exploration for new concepts and conjectures
     are explicated, plus features that make a domain especially
     suitable for EURISKO-level exploration for new heuristics.},
  topic = {automated-discovery;machine-learning;heuristics;}  
  } 

@article{ lenat:1983b,
  author = {Douglas B. Lenat},
  title = {Theory Formation by Heuristic Search.  The Nature of
  	Heuristics {II}: Background and Examples},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {31--59},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Machine learning can be categorized along many dimensions, an
     important one of which is `degree of human guidance or
     forethought'.  This continuum stretches from rote learning,
     through carefully-guided concept-formation by observation, out
     toward independent theory formation.  Six years ago, the AM
     program was constructed as an experiment in this latter kind of
     learning by discovery.  Its source of power was a large body of
     heuristics, rules which guided it toward fruitful topics of
     investigation, toward profitable experiments to perform, toward
     plausible hypotheses and definitions.  Since that time, we have
     gained a deeper insight into the nature of heuristics and the
     nature of the process of forming and extending theories
     empirically.  `The Nature of Heuristics I' paper presented the
     theoretical basis for this work, with an emphasis on how
     heuristics relate to each other.  This paper presents our
     accretion model of theory formation, and gives many examples of
     its use in producing new discoveries in various fields.  These
     examples are drawn from runs of a program called EURISKO, the
     successor to AM, that embodies the accretion model and uses a
     corpus of heuristics to guide its behavior.  Since our model
     demands the ability to discover new heuristics periodically, as
     well as new domain objects and operators, some of our examples
     illustrate that process as well. `The Nature of Heuristics III'
     paper describes the architecture of the EURISKO program, and
     conclusions we have made from its behavior.  } ,
  topic = {automated-discovery;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ lenat-brown_js:1984a,
  author = {Douglas B. Lenat and John Seely Brown},
  title = {Why {AM} and {EURISKO} Appear to Work},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {269--294},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The AM program was constructed by Lenat in 1975 as an early
     experiment in getting machines to learn by discovery. In the
     preceding article in this issue of the AI Journal, Ritchie and
     Hanna focus on that work as they raise several fundamental
     questions about the methodology of artificial intelligence
     research.  Part of this paper is a response to the specific
     points they make. It is seen that the difficulties they cite
     fall into four categories, the most serious of which are omitted
     heuristics, and the most common of which are miscommunications.
     Their considerations, and our post-AM work on machines that
     learn, have clarified why AM succeeded in the first place, and
     why it was so difficult to use the same paradigm to discover new
     heuristics.  Those recent insights spawn questions about ``where
     the meaning really resides'' in the concepts discovered by AM.
     This in turn leads to an appreciation of the crucial and unique
     role of representation in theory formation, specifically the
     benefits of having syntax mirror semantics. Some criticism of
     the paradigm of this work arises due to the ad hoc nature of
     many pieces of the work; at the end of this article we examine
     how this very adhocracy may be a potential source of power in
     itself.
  } ,
  topic = {automated-discovery;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ lenat-guha:1989a,
  author = {Douglas B. Lenat and R.V. Guha},
  title = {Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems: Representation and
  	Inference in the {\sc cyc} Project.},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: mcdermott:1993a, neches:1993a, skuce:1993a, sowa:1993a.},
  topic = {kr;large-kr-systems;kr-course;}  
 } 

@article{ lenat-feigenbaum:1991a,
  author = {Douglas B. Lenat and Edward A. Feigenbaum},
  title = {On the Thresholds of Knowledge},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {47},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {185--230},
  contentnote = {Argues for: (1) importance of knowledge in AI, (2)
  	need for breadth of knowledge, (3) need for experimenting
	with large problems},
  topic = {kr;large-kr-systems;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ lenat-feigenbaum:1991b,
  author = {Douglas B. Lenat and Edward A. Feigenbaum},
  title = {Reply to Brian Smith},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {47},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {231--250},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-AI;logicism;large-kr-systems;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ lenk:1977a,
  author = {Hans Lenk},
  title = {Complements and Different Lattice Structures in a Logic of
  	Action},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {251--268},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {action;}  
  } 

@book{ lenneberg:1967a,
  author = {Eric H. Lenneberg},
  title = {Biological Foundations of Language},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1967},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;biolinguistics;reference;} 
 } 

@incollection{ leny:1995a,
  author = {Jean-Francois Le Ny},
  title = {Mental Lexicon and Machine Lexicon:  Which Properties are
  	Shared by Machine and Mental Word Representations?},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {50--67},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {machine-translation;nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lenz-burkhard:1997a,
  author = {M. Lenz and H.-D. Burkhard},
  title = {CBR for Document Retrieval---The {FAllQ} Project},
  booktitle = {Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development
      (ICCBR-97), Lecture Notes in Artificial
	  Intelligence No. 1266},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {D.B. Leake and E. Plaza},
  pages = {84--93},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ lenzen:1976a,
  author = {Wolfgang Lenzen},
  title = {Knowledge, Belief, Existence, and Quantifiers:  A Note on
		{H}intikka},
  journal = {Grazer Philosophische Studien},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {55--65},
  topic = {epistmic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lenzen:1977a,
  author = {Wolfgang Lenzen},
  title = {Protagoras versus {E}uathlus: Reflections on a So-Called Paradox},
  journal = {Ratio},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {176--180},
  topic = {Protagoras-vs-Euathlus-paradox;deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lenzen:1978a,
  author = {Wolfgang Lenzen},
  title = {Recent Work in Epistemic Logic},
  journal = {Acta Philosophica Fennica},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {1--219},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lenzen:1978b,
  author = {Wolfgang Lenzen},
  title = {On Some Substitution Instances of {R}1 and {L}1},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {159--164},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lenzen:1978c,
  author = {Wolfgang Lenzen},
  title = {A Rare Accident},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {249--250},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lenzen:1978d,
  author = {Wolfgang Lenzen},
  title = {S4.1.4 = {S}4.1.2 and {S}4.021 = {S}4.04},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {465--466},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ lenzen:1988a,
  author = {Wolfgang Lenzen},
  title = {Some Logical Problems about Circumscription},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;} 
  } 

@book{ lenzen:1994a,
  author = {Wolfgang Lenzen},
  title = {Recent Work in Epistemic Logic},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  series = {Acta Philosophica {F}ennica},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lenzen:1995a,
   author = {Wolfgang Lenzen},
   title = {On the Semantics and Pragmatics of Propositional Attitudes},
   booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial
   	Intelligence},
   publisher = {Akademie Verlag},
   year = {1995},
   editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing},
   chapter = {8},
   pages = {181--197},
   missinginfo = {address},
   topic = {epistemic-logic;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lenzen:1998a,
  author = {Wolfgang Lenzen},
  title = {Necessary Conditions for Negation-Operators (with
  		Particular Applications to Paraconsistent Negation)},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 2: Reasoning with
                Actual and Potential Contradictions},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {211--239},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {negation;paraconsistency;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lenzerini:1998a,
  author = {Maurizio Lenzerini},
  title = {Description Logics and Their Applications (Abstract)},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {652},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;applied-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ leon-serrano:1997a,
  author = {Fernando S\'anchez L\'eon and Amalio F. Nieto Serrano},
  title = {Retargetting a Tagger},
  booktitle = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  pages = {151--166},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;corpus-tagging;}  
  } 

@book{ leonard_a:1997a,
  author = {Andrew Leonard},
  title = {Bots: The Origin Of New Species},
  publisher = {Hardwired},
  year = {1997},
  address = {San Francisco},
  ISBN = {1888869054},
  topic = {robotics;AI-popular;}  
 } 

@article{ leonard_h-goodman:1940a,
  author = {Henry Leonard and Nelson Goodman},
  title = {The Calculus of Individuals and Its Uses},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1940},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {45--55},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {mereology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ leong:1996a,
  author = {Tze-Yun Leong},
  title = {Multiple Perspective Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {562--573},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;hybrid-reasoning;context;perspective-sensitive-reasoning;
		kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ leong:1998a,
  author = {Tze Yun Leong},
  title = {Multiple Perspective Dynamic Decision Making},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {209--261},
  topic = {perspective-sensitive-reasoning;decision-making;}  
  } 

@article{ lepage:2000a,
  author = {Fran\c{c}ois Lepage},
  title = {Partial Monotonic Protothetics},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {147--163},
  topic = {propositional-quantifiers;type-theory;partial-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lepage-etal:2000a,
  author = {Fran\c{c}ois Lepage and Elias Thijsse and
  	Heinrich Wansing},
  title = {Introduction (to Special Issue on Partiality and
  		Modality)},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--4},
  topic = {modal-logic;partial-logic;truth-value-gaps;}  
  } 

@book{ lepoidevin:1998a,
  editor = {Robert Le Poidevin},
  title = {Questions of Time and Tense},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: markovian:2001a.},
  topic = {tense-logic;philosophy-of-time;}  
 } 

@article{ lepore:1982a,
  author = {Ernest Lepore},
  title = {In Defense of {D}avidson},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {277--294},
  topic = {Davidson;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ lepore:1983a1,
  author = {Ernest Lepore},
  title = {What Model-Theoretic Semantics Cannot Do},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {54},
  pages = {167--187},
  xref = {Republication: lepore:1983a2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lepore:1983a2,
  author = {Ernest LePore},
  title = {What Model-Theoretic Semantics Cannot Do},
  booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Peter Ludlow},
  pages = {109--128},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of lepore:1983a1.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ lepore-garson:1983a,
  author = {Ernest Lepore and James Garson},
  title = {Pronouns and Quantifier-Scope in {E}nglish},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {327--358},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;pronouns;}  
  } 

@book{ lepore-mclaughlin_bp:1985a,
  editor = {Ernest LePore and Brian McLaughlin},
  title = {Action and Events: Perspectives on the Philosophy of
  	Donald Davidson},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell Ltd.},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {Donald-Davidson;events;intention;action;philosophy-of-action;}  
  } 

@book{ lepore:1986a,
  editor = {Ernest Lepore},
  title = {Truth and Interpretation: Perspectives on the Philosophy
  	of {D}onald {D}avidson},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631148116},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lepore-loewer:1986a,
  author = {Ernest LePore and Barry Loewer},
  title = {Solipsistic Semantics},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {595--614},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;narrow-content;}  
  } 

@book{ lepore:1987a,
  editor = {Ernest LePore},
  title = {New Directions in Semantics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
   address = {London},
  contentnote = {TC:  Lepore, 	Introduction.
         Harman,	(Nonsolipsistic) Conceptual Role Semantics.
         LePore and Loewer, Dual Aspect Semantics.
         Schiffer,	Existentialist Semantics and Sententialist
                   			Theories of Belief.
         Lycan,	Semantic Competence and Truth Conditions.
         Katz,	Common Sense in Semantics.
         Hintikka,   Game Theoretical Semantics.
         Grandy,     In Defense of Semantic Fields.
         Kasher, Justification of Speech, Acts, and Speech Acts.
         May, Logical Form as a Level of Linguistic Representation.
         Richards, Tenses, Temporal Quantifiers and Semantic
                   	Innocence.
         Schubert and Pelletier, Problems in the
			Representation of Generics, Plurals, and Mass Nouns
         Gupta, The Meaning of Truth
		   	},
   topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ lepore-loewer:1987a,
  author = {Ernest {Le Pore} and Barry Loewer},
  title = {Mind Matters},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  volume = {84},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {630--642},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
    } 

@incollection{ lepore-loewer:1987b,
  author = {Ernest LePore and Barry Loewer},
  title = {Dual Aspect Semantics},
  booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Ernest LePore},
  pages = {83--112},
  address = {London},
  contentnote = {Idea is to turn twin earth into a kind of foundation
  	for semantics.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;cognitive-semantics;
  	twin-earth;}  
  } 

@book{ lepore-vangulick:1991a,
  editor = {Ernest Lepore and Robert {van Gulick}},
  title = {John Searle and His Critics},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631156364},
  topic = {Searle;speech-acts;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ lepore-ludwig:1999a,
  author = {Ernest Lepore and Kirk Ludwig},
  title = {The Semantics and Pragmatics of Complex Demonstratives},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, } ,
  topic = {demonstratives;}  
  } 

@book{ lepore-pylyshyn:1999a,
  editor = {Ernest Lepore and Zenon Pylyshyn},
  title = {What is Cognitive Science?},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-631-20494-5 (pb)},
  topic = {cognitive-science-survey;cogsci-intro;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ lerner-pinkal:1995a,
  author = {Jan Lerner and Manfred Pinkal},
  title = {Comparative Ellipsis and Variable Binding},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {222--236},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;ellipsis;comparative-constructions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ leroy:1995a,
  author = {Stephen F. LeRoy},
  title = {Causal Orderings},
  booktitle = {Macroeconometrics:  Developments, Tensions, Prospects},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Kevin D. Hoover},
  pages = {211--228},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {causality;econometrics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lesh-etzioni:1996a,
  author = {Neal Lesh and Oren Etzioni},
  title = {Scaling up Goal Recognition},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {244--255},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;plan-recognition;machine-learning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@misc{ lesniewski:1916a,
  author = {Stanis{\l}aw Le\'sniewski},
  title = {Podstawy Og\'olnej Teorii Mnogo\'sci {I}},
  year = {1916},
  address = {Moscow},
  note = {English title: ``Foundations of a General Set Theory {I}.''},
  missinginfo = {publisher},
  topic = {mereology;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ lesperance:1991a,
  author = {Yves Lesp\'erance},
  title = {A Formal Theory of Indexical Knowledge and Action},
  school = {Computer Science Department, University of Toronto},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {action-formalisms;epistemic-logic;}  
    } 

@inproceedings{ lesperance:1993a,
  author = {Yves Lesp\'erance},
  title = {An Approach to Modeling Indexicality in Action and
     Communication},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Reasoning about Mental States},
  editor = {John F. Horty et al.},
  year = {1993},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  pages = {79--85},
  missinginfo = {editors},
  xref = {Also appears in the Proceedings of the IJCAI Workshop on Using
     Knowledge in its Context, Chambery, France, August 1993.},
  topic = {indexicality;context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lesperance-etal:1994a,
  author = {Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque and Fangzhen Lin
  	and Daniel Marcu and Raymond Reiter and Richard B. Scherl},
  title = {A Logical Approach to High-Level Robot Programming---A
     Progress Report},
  booktitle = {Control of the Physical World by Intelligent Systems,
  	Papers from the 1994 {AAAI} Fall Symposium},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Benjamin Kuipers},
  pages = {79--85},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {cognitive-robotics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lesperance:1995a,
  author = {Yves Lesp\'erance},
  title = {A Formal Account of Self-Knowledge and Action},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {868--874},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {action-formalisms;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lesperance-etal:1995a,
  author = {Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Indexical Knowledge and Robot Action---A Logical Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {73},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {69--115},
  topic = {indexicality;cognitive-robotics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lesperance-etal:1996a,
  author = {Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque and Fangzhen
  	Lin and D. Marcu and Raymond Reiter and Richard B. Scherl},
  title = {Foundations of a Logical Approach to Agent Programming},
  booktitle = {Intelligent Agents Volume {II}---Proceedings of the
  	1995 Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and
	Languages (ATAL--95)},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Michael J. Wooldrige and J.P. M\"uller and Miland Tambe},
  pages = {331--346},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name.},
  topic = {agent-oriented-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ lesperance-etal:1999a,
  author = {Yves Lesp\'erance and Raymond Reiter and Fanzhen Lin
		and Richard B. Scherl},
  title = {{GOLOG:} A Logic Programming Language for Dynamic Domains},
  journal = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {59--84},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {golog;cognitive-robotics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lesperance-etal:1999b,
  author = {Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque and
		Raymond Reiter},
  title = {A Situation Calculus Approach to Modeling and
		Programming Agents},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Rational Agency},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Pub;ishers},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Michael J. Wooldridge and A. Rao},
  pages = {275--299},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st names.},
  topic = {situation-calculus;planning-formalisms;Golog;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lesperance-etal:1999c,
  author = {Yves Lesp\'erance and T.G.Kelley and
		John Mylopoulos and E.S.K. Yu},
  title = {Modeling Dynamic Domains with {C}on{G}olog},
  booktitle = {Advanced Information Systems Engineering,
		11th International Conference: {CAiSE}-99},
  year = {1999},
  pages = {365--380},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor},
  topic = {Golog;concurrency;}  
  } 

@article{ lesperance-etal:2000a,
  author = {Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque and Fangzhen Lin
  	and Richard B. Scherl},
  title = {Ability and Knowing How in the Situation Calculus},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {165--186},
  topic = {ability;knowing-how;situation-calculus;}  
  } 

@article{ lessard:1999a,
  author = {Greg Lessard},
  title = {Review of {\em Learner {E}nglish on a
		Computer}, edited by {S}ylvaine {G}ranger},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {302--303},
  xref = {Review of: granger_s:1998a.},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;L2-language-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ lesser-etal:1995a,
  author = {Victor R. Lesser and S. Hamid Nawab and Frank I. Klassner},
  title = {{IPUS}: An Architecture for the Integrated Processing and
  	Understanding of Signals},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {77},
  number = {1},
  pages = {129--171},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The Integrated Processing and Understanding of Signals (IPUS)
     architecture is presented as a framework that exploits formal
     signal processing models to structure the bidirectional
     interaction between front-end signal processing and signal
     understanding processes.  This architecture is appropriate for
     complex environments, which are characterized by variable
     signal-to-noise ratios, unpredictable source behaviors, and the
     simultaneous occurrence of objects whose signal signatures can
     distort each other.  A key aspect of this architecture is that
     front-end signal processing is dynamically modifiable in
     response to scenario changes and to the need to reanalyze
     ambiguous or distorted data.  The architecture tightly integrates
     the search for the appropriate front-end signal processing
     configuration with the search for plausible interpretations.  In
     our opinion, this dual search, informed by formal signal
     processing theory, is a necessary component of perceptual
     systems that must interact with complex environments.  To
     explain this architecture in detail, we discuss examples of its
     use in an implemented system for acoustic signal interpretation.},
  topic = {signal-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ lesser-etal:2000a,
  author = {Victor Lesser and Bryan Horling and Frank Klassner and
  	Anita Raja and Thomas Wagner and Shelley XQ. Zhang},
  title = {{BIG}: An Agent for Resource-Bounded Information Gathering
  	and Decision Making},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {118},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {197--244},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The World Wide Web has become an invaluable information resource
     but the explosion of available information has made Web search a
     time consuming and complex process. The large number of
     information sources and their different levels of accessibility,
     reliability and associated costs present a complex information
     gathering control problem. This paper describes the rationale,
     architecture, and implementation of a next generation
     information gathering system---a system that integrates several
     areas of Artificial Intelligence research under a single
     umbrella.  Our solution to the information explosion is an
     information gathering agent, BIG, that plans to gather
     information to support a decision process, reasons about the
     resource trade-offs of different possible gathering approaches,
     extracts information from both unstructured and structured
     documents, and uses the extracted information to refine its
     search and processing activities.
       } ,
  topic = {AI-and-the-internet;intelligent-information-retrieval;
  	distributed-AI;planning;}  
  } 

@article{ lester-porter:1997a,
  author = {James C. Lester and Bruce W. Porter},
  title = {Developing and Empirically Evaluating Robust Explanation
  	Generators: The {\sc Knight} Experiments},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--101},
  topic = {explanation;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lester-etal:1998a,
  author = {James C. Lester and William H. Bares and Charles
		B. Callaway and Stuart G. Towns},
  title = {Natural Language Generation Journeys to Interactive
		{3D} Worlds},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {2--7},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {NL-generation;multimedia-generation;explanation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ letz:1998a,
  author = {R. Letz},
  title = {Clausal Tableaux},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ leung-chow:2001a,
  author = {Chi-Tat Leung and Tommy W.S. Chow},
  title = {Least Third-Order Cumulant Method with Adaptive
  	Regularization Parameter Selection for Neural Networksz},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {127},
  number = {2},
  pages = {169--197},
  topic = {connectionist-models;statistical-analysis-of-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ leung_ct-chow:1999a,
  author = {Chi-Tat Leung and Tommy W.S. Chow},
  title = {Adaptive Regularization Parameter Selection Method
  	for Enhancing Generalization Capability of Neural
	Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {107},
  number = {2},
  pages = {347--356},
  topic = {connectionist-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ leung_ct-chow_tws:2001a,
  author = {Chi-Tat Leung and Tommy W.S. Chow},
  title = {Least Third-Order Cumulant Method with Adaptive
  	Regularization Parameter Selection for Neural Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {127},
  number = {2},
  pages = {169--197},
  topic = {connectionist-models;} 
  } 

@article{ leung_e-reinhold:1981a,
  author = {E. Leung and H. Rheinhold},
  title = {Development of Pointing as a Social Gesture},
  journal = {Developmental Psychology},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {215--220},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {developmental-psychology;demonstratives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ leuschel:1994a,
  author = {Michael Leuschel},
  title = {Partial Evaluation of the `Real Thing'\,},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {122--137},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ levelt:1982a,
  author = {Willian J.M. Levelt},
  title = {Linearization in Describing Spatial Networks},
  booktitle = {Processes, Beliefs, and Questions},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {Stanley Peters and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {199--220},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;discourse;spatial-reasoning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ levene-fenner:2001a,
  author = {Mark Levene and Trevor I. Fenner},
  title = {The Effect of Mobility on Minimaxing of Game Trees with
  	Random Leaf Values},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {130},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--26},
  topic = {game-trees;minimaxing;search;}  
  } 

@article{ levenick:1998a,
  author = {Jim Levenick},
  title = {Showing the Way: A Review of the Second Edition of
  	{H}olland's {\em Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {100},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {331--338},
  xref = {Review of: holland_jh:1992a.},
  topic = {complex-adaptive-systems;genetic-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ levesgue:1988b1,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Logic and the Complexity of Reasoning},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {4},
  pages = {355--389},
  xref = {Republication levesgue:1988b2},
  topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;vivid-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ levesgue:1988b2,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Logic and the Complexity of Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {73--107},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Original publication levesgue:1988b1},
  topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;vivid-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ levesque:1984a,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Foundations of a Functional Approach to Knowledge
  	Representation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2},
  pages = {155--212},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We present a new approach to knowledge representation where
     knowledge bases are characterized not in terms of the structures
     they use to represent knowledge, but functionally, in terms of
     what they can be asked or told about some domain.  Starting with
     a representation system that can be asked questions and told
     facts in a full first-order logical language, we then define
     ask- and tell-operations over an extended language that can
     refer not only to the domain but to what the knowledge base
     knows about that domain.  The major technical result is that the
     resulting knowledge, which now includes auto-epistemic aspects,
     can still be represented symbolically in first-order terms.  We
     also consider extensions to the framework such as defaults and
     definitional facilities.  The overall result is a formal
     foundation for knowledge representation which, in accordance
     with current principles of software design, cleanly separates
     functionality from implementation structure.  } ,
  topic = {kr;query-languages;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ levesque:1984b,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {A Logic of Implicit and Explicit Belief},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {198--202},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;epistemic-logic;resource-limited-reasoning;
  	hyperintensionality;belief;}  
  } 

@incollection{ levesque:1984c,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {The Logic of Incomplete Knowledge Bases},
  booktitle = {On Conceptual Modelling:  Perspectives from Artificial
  	Intelligence, Databases and Programming Languages},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Michael L. Brodie and John Mylopoulos and Joachim W. Schmidt},
  pages = {163--189},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {foundations-of-kr;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ levesque-brachman:1984a,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque and Ronald J. Brachman},
  title = {A Fundamental Tradeoff in {KR} and Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the CSCSI/SCEIO Conference 1984},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {141--152},
  xref = {Revised in Brachman and Levesque; Readings in Knowledge
  	Representation; 1985; see levesque-brachman:1985a},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ levesque-brachman:1985a,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque and Ronald J. Brachman},
  title = {A Fundamental Tradeoff in {KR} and Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Revision of levesque-brachman:1984a},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;complexity-in-AI;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ levesque:1986a,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Making Believers out of Computers},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {30},
  number = {1},
  pages = {81--108},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ levesque:1987a,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Taking Issue: Guest Editor's Introduction},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {149--150},
  xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ levesque:1988a,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {The Interaction with Incomplete Knowledge Bases:  A
  	Formal Treatment},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell},
  pages = {240--245},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address =  {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {knowledge-representation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ levesque:1988c,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Comments on `Knowledge, Representation, and Rational
  	Self-Government'\, } ,
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {361--362},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ levesque:1989a,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {A Knowledge-Level Account of Abduction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {1061--1067},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;abduction;epistemic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ levesque:1990a,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {All {I} Know: A Study in Autoepistemic Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {42},
  number = {3},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {263--309},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ levesque:1991a,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Belief and Introspection},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {247--260},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {belief;introspection;}  
  } 

@incollection{ levesque:1994a,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Knowledge, Action, and Ability in the Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {1--4},
  address = {San Francisco},
  contentnote = {A brief survey talk.},
  topic = {action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@techreport{ levesque:1995a,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {What is Planning in the Presence of Sensing?},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, University of
  	Toronto},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Toronto},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {planning;cognitive-robotics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ levesque:1998a,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {A Completeness Result for Reasoning with Incomplete
		First-Order Knowledge Bases},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {14--23},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;vivid-reasoning;uncertainty-in-AI;kr-complexity-analysis;
		truth-value-gaps;theorem-proving;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ levesque:1998b,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {What Robots Can Do (Abstract)},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {651},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;cognitive-robotics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ levesque:1999a,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Two Approaches to Efficient Open-World Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;theorem-proving;AI-algorithms;}  
  } 

@book{ levesque-lakemeyer:2000a,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque and Gerhard Lakemeyer},
  title = {The Logic of Knowledge Bases},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-12232-4 (hardback)},
  topic = {kr;epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;autepistemic-logic;} 
 } 

@article{ levesque-etal:forthcominga,
  author = {Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter and Yves
  	Lesp\'erance and Fangzhen Lin and Richard B. Scherl},
  title = {{\sc golog}: a Logic Programming Language for Dynamic
  	Domains},
  journal = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  year = {1997},
  missinginfo = {number, volume, year, pages},
  topic = {cognitive-robotics;planning-systems;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ levi_g-sirovich:1976a,
  author = {Giorgio Levi and Franco Sirovich},
  title = {Generalized AND/OR graphs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {243--259},
  topic = {and/or-graphs;}  
  } 

@book{ levi_i:1967a,
 author = {Isaac Levi},
 title = {Gambling With Truth: an Essay on Induction and the Aims of
 	Science},
 publisher = {Knopf},
 year = {1967},
 address = {New York},
 topic = {decision-theory;philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@article{ levi_i:1977a,
  author = {Isaac Levi},
  title = {Direct Inference},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {74},
  pages = {5--29},
  topic = {foundations-of-statistics;probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@article{ levi_i:1977b,
  author = {Isaac Levi},
  title = {Subjunctives, Dispositions, and Chances},
  journal = {Synt\`hese},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {34},
  pages = {423--455},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {dispositions;conditionals;}  
 } 

@article{ levi_i:1978a,
  author = {Isaac Levi},
  title = {Coherence, Regularity, and Conditional Probability},
  journal = {Theory and Decision},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {1--15},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@book{ levi_i:1980a,
  author = {Isaac Levi},
  title = {The Enterprise of Knowledge},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: } ,
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;belief-revision;probability-kinematics;}  
 } 

@article{ levi_i:1982a,
  author = {Isaac Levi},
  title = {A Note on {N}ewcombmania},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {74},
  number = {6},
  pages = {337--342},
  topic = {Newcomb-problem;}  
  } 

@book{ levi_i:1984a,
  author = {Isaac Levi},
  title = {Decisions and Revisions: Philosophical Essays
  	on Knowledge and Value},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {0521254574},
  topic = {foundations-of-statistics;probability-kinematics;
  	philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@incollection{ levi_i:1984b,
  author = {Isaac Levi},
  title = {Serious Possibility},
  booktitle = {Decisions and Revisions: Philosophical Essays
  	on Knowledge and Value},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Isaac Levi},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {possibility;}  
  } 

@article{ levi_i:1987a,
  author = {Isaac Levi},
  title = {Review of {\it {C}hange in View}, by {G}ilbert {H}arman},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {84},
  number  = {7},
  pages = {376--384},
  xref = {Review of harman:1986a.},
  topic = {belief-revision;limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@article{ levi_i:1988a,
  author = {Isaac Levi},
  title = {The Iteration of Conditionals and the
  	{R}amsey Test},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49--81},
  topic = {conditionals;probability-kinematics;cccp;}  
  } 

@incollection{ levi_i:1988b,
  author = {Isaac Levi},
  title = {Four Themes in Statistical Explanation},
  booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics,
  	Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms},
  pages = {195--222},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;explanation;statistical-explanation;}  
  } 

@article{ levi_i:1990a,
  author = {Isaac Levi},
  title = {Chance},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {117--149},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
  } 

@book{ levi_i:1991a,
  author = {Isaac Levi},
  title = {The Fixation of Belief and Its Undoing: Changing
		Beliefs through Inquiry},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521412668},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;belief-revision;
 	statistical-inference;}  
 } 

@book{ levi_i:1996a,
  author = {Isaac Levi},
  title = {For the Sake of Argument: {R}amsey Test Conditionals,
  	Inductive Inference, and Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: morreau:1998a.},
  topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-reasoning;induction;
  	belief-kinematics;probability-kinematics;}  
 } 

@article{ levi_i:1997a,
  author = {Isaac Levi},
  title = {Review of {\it Making Choices: A Recasting of Decision
  	Theory}, by {F}rederic {S}chick},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {11},
  pages = {588--597},
  xref = {Review of schick_f:1997a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;moral-conflict;}  
  } 

@book{ levi_i:1997b,
  author = {Isaac Levi},
  title = {The Covenant of Reason: Rationality and the
  	Commitments of Thought},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0521572886 (hardcover)},
  topic = {rationality;statistical-inference;}  
 } 

@article{ levi_i:2000a,
  author = {Isaac Levi},
  title = {Review of {\it The Foundations of Causal Decision
  	Theory}, by {J}ames {M}. {J}oyce},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {2},
  pages = {387--402},
  xref = {Review of joyce:1999a.},
  topic = {causal-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ levi_jn:1978a,
  author = {Judith N. Levi},
  title = {The Syntax and Semantics of Complex Nominals},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1978},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {compound-nouns;nominal-constructions;}  
 } 

@book{ levi_jn:1982a,
  author = {Judith N. Levi},
  title = {The Syntax and Semantics of Nonpredicating Adjectives in {E}nglish
		(Preliminary Version)},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {adjectives;semantics-of-adjectives;}  
 } 

@book{ levi_jn-walker_ag:1990a,
  editor = {Judith N. Levi and Anne Graffam Walker},
  title = {Language in the Judicial Process},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {forensic-linguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ levin-etal:1999a,
  author = {Lori Levin and Klaus Ries and Ann Thym\'e-Gobbel and Alon
     		Levie},
  title = {Tagging of Speech Acts and Dialogue Games
		in {S}panish Call Home},
  booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging:
  	Proceedings of the Workshop},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {42--47},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-tagging;speech-acts;Spanish-language;}  
  } 

@article{ levin_b-rappaport:1992a,
  author = {Beth Levin and Malka Rappaport},
  title = {The Formation of Adjectival Passives},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {663--662},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {argument-structure;}  
  } 

@article{ levin_b-rappaport:1992b,
  author = {Beth Levin and Malka Rappaport},
  title = {Non-Event {\em-er-}Nominals: A Probe Into Argument Structure},
  journal = {Linguistics},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {1067--1084},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {argument-structure;}  
  } 

@incollection{ levin_b-rappaport:1992c,
  author = {Beth Levin and Malka {Rappaport Hovav}},
  title = {Wiping the Slate Clean: a Lexical Semantic Exploration},
  booktitle = {Lexical and Conceptual Semantics},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Beth Levin and Steven Pinker},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  pages = {123--151},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;verb-classes;verb-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ levin_b-rappaport:1992d,
  author = {Beth Levin and Malka Rappaport},
  title = {The Lexical Semantics of Verbs of Motion: The Perspective From
  	Unaccusativity},
  booktitle = {Thematic Structure: Its Role in Grammar},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Iggy M. Roca},
  pages = {247--269},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {thematic-roles;argument-structure;}  
  } 

@book{ levin_b:1993a,
  author = {Beth C. Levin},
  title = {English Verb Classes and Alternations: a Preliminary
  	Investigation},
  year = {1993},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  topic = {transitivity-alternations;argument-structure;lexical-semantics;
  	verb-classes;thematic-roles;}  
  } 

@incollection{ levin_b:1993b,
  author = {Beth C. Levin},
  title = {The Contribution of Linguistics},
  booktitle = {Challenges in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Madeleine Bates and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {76--98},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;lexical-semantics;verb-classes;}  
  } 

@article{ levin_b-rappaport:1994a,
  author = {Beth Levin and Malka Rappaport},
  title = {A Preliminary Analysis of Causative Verbs in {E}nglish},
  journal = {Lingua},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {92},
  pages = {35--77},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;nl-causatives;}  
  } 

@book{ levin_b-hovav:1995b,
  author = {Beth C. Levin and Malka Rappaport Hovav},
  title = {Unaccusativity: At the Syntax-Lexical Semantics
  	Interface},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {unaccusativity;lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ levin_b-hovav:1996a,
  author = {Beth Levin and Malka {Rappaport Hovav}},
  title = {Lexical Semantics and Syntactic Structure},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {487--507},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ levin_l-etal:1983a,
  editor = {Lori Levin and Malka Rappaport and Annie Zaenen},
  title = {Papers in Lexical-Functional Grammar},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Bloomington, Indiana},
  ISBN = {0582291496},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Mark Baker, "Objects, Themes, and Lexical Rules in {I}talian"
     2. K.P. Mohanan, "Move {NP} or Lexical Rules?: Evidence from
     		{M}alayalam Causativisation"
     3. Malka Rappaport, "On the Nature of Derived Nominals"
     4. Jane Simpson, "Resultatives"
     5. Annie Zaenen and Joan Maling, "Passive and oblique case" } ,
  topic = {LFG;}  
 } 

@incollection{ levin_l-nirenburg:1994a,
  author = {Lori Levin and Sergei Nirenburg},
  title = {Construction-Based {MT} Lexicons},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {321--338},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;machine-translation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ levin_m:1978a,
  author = {Michael Levin},
  title = {Explanation and Predication in Grammar},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {179--188},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ levin_n-prince:1986a,
  author = {N. Levin and E. Prince},
  title = {Gapping and Causal Implicature},
  journal = {Papers in Linguistics},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {1986},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number, pages},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ levine_ds:1991a,
  author = {Daniel S. Levine},
  title = {Introduction To Neural and Cognitive Modeling},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0805802673},
  xref = {Review: becker_s:1993a.},
  topic = {cognitive-modeling;neurocognition;}  
 } 

@book{ levine_ds:2000a,
  author = {Daniel S. Levine},
  title = {Introduction To Neural and Cognitive Modeling},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  edition = {2},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0805820051},
  topic = {cognitive-modeling;neurocognition;}  
 } 

@article{ levine_j1:1998a,
  author = {James Levine},
  title = {Acquaintance, Denoting Concepts, and Sense},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {3},
  pages = {415--445},
  contentnote = {This is about the Gray's elegy argument},
  topic = {on-denoting;Russell;}  
  } 

@article{ levine_j1:2001a,
  author = {James Levine},
  title = {Review of {\em Russell's Hidden Substitutional Theory}, by
  	{G}regory {L}andini},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {1},
  pages = {138--141},
  xref = {Review of landini:1998a.},
  topic = {Russell;ramified-type-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ levine_jm:1990a,
  author = {John M. Levine},
  title = {{PRAGMA}---A Flexible Bidirectional Dialogue System},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  pages = {964--969},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {nl-generation;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ levine_jm-moreland:1991a,
  author = {John M. Levine and Richard L. Moreland},
  title = {Culture and Socialization in Work Groups},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {257--279},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}  
  } 

@book{ levine_jr-etal:1992a,
  author = {John R. Levine and Tony Mason and Doug Brown},
  title = {Lex \& Yacc},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {O'Reilly},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Beijing},
  ISBN = {1-56592-000-7},
  topic = {programming-manual;}  
 } 

@book{ levine_rd-green_gm:1999a,
  editor = {Robert D. Levine and Georgia M. Green},
  title = {Studies in Contemporary Phrase Structure Grammar},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Christopher D. Manning, Ivan A. Sag, and Masayo Iida, "The
     		Lexical Integrity of {J}apanese Causatives"
     2. Michael J.R. Johnston, "A Syntax and Semantics for
     		Purposive Adjuncts in {HPSG}"
     3. Takao Gunji, "On Lexicalist Treatments of {J}apanese
     		Causatives"
     4. Kathryn L.  Baker, "\,`Modal Flip' and Partial Verb Phrase
     		Fronting in {G}erman"
     5. Kazuhiko Fukushima, "A Lexical Comment on a Syntactic
     		Topic"
     6. Andreas Kathol, "Agreement and the Syntax-Morphology
     		Interface in {HPSG}"
     7. Erhard W.  Hinrichs and Tsuneko Nakazawa, "Partial {VP} and
     		Split {NP} Topicalization in {G}erman: An {HPSG} 
		Analysis"  } ,
  topic = {nl-syntax;GPSG;HPSG;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ levinson_jp:1985a,
  author = {Joan Persily Levinson},
  title = {Punctuation and the Orthographic Sentence: A
		  Linguistic Analysis},
  school = {City University of New York},
  year = {1985},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@article{ levinson_r1:1995a,
  author = {Richard Levinson},
  title = {A General Programming Language for Unified Planning and
  	Control},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {319--375},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper presents a method for embedding predictive search
     techniques within a general-purpose programming language.  We
     focus on using this language to program the behavior of a
     real-time control system.  Our goal is the ability to write
     complex programs that can be interpreted by both a real-time
     controller and an associated planner.  The language provides an
     expressive action representation which captures the procedural
     complexities of practical control programs, yet can still be
     projected by a search-based planner.  To support integration with
     the real-time controller, the planner can provide useful advice
     when it is interrupted after an arbitrary amount of computation.
     The system provides a unified approach since the planner and the
     controller share identical data structures and algorithms for
     interpreting a shared action representation.  This unified
     representation facilitates very tight integration between the
     planner and the controller. } ,
  topic = {planning-formalisms;procedural-control;}  
  } 

@incollection{ levinson_r2:1992a,
  author = {Robert Levinson},
  title = {Pattern Associativity and the Retrieval of Semantic Networks},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {573--600},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;kr-course;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ levinson_sc:1972a,
  author = {Stephen C. Levinson},
  title = {The Organization of Conversation},
  year = {1972},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ levinson_sc:1973a,
  author = {Stephen C. Levinson},
  title = {Language and Society (That's All)},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ levinson_sc:1973b,
  author = {Stephen C. Levinson},
  title = {Felicity Conditions as Applications of {G}rice's Maxims
		to Particular Speech Act Types},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ levinson_sc-atlas:1973a,
  author = {Stephen C. Levinson and Jay Atlas},
  title = {What {IS} an Implicature)},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {pragmatics;implicature;}  
  } 

@article{ levinson_sc:1979a,
  author = {Stephen C. Levinson},
  title = {Activity Types and Language},
  journal = {Linguistics},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {17},
  number = {5/6},
  pages = {366--399},
  topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ levinson_sc:1979b,
  author = {Stephen C. Levinson},
  title = {Pragmatics and Social Deixis},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Meeting of the
  	{B}erkeley {L}inguistics {S}ociety},
  year = {1979},
  pages = {206--223},
  organization = {Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  publisher = {Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  address = {Linguistics Department, University of California at
  	Berkeley},
  topic = {deixis;sociolinguistics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ levinson_sc:1980a,
  author = {Stephen C. Levinson},
  title = {Speech Act Theory: The State of the Art},
  journal = {Language and Linguistics Teaching: Abstracts},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--24},
  topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@incollection{ levinson_sc:1981a,
  author = {Stephen C. Levinson},
  title = {The Essential Inadequacies of Speech Act Models of Dialogue},
  booktitle = {Possibilities and Limitations of Pragmatics: Proceedings
  	Of The Conference at Urbino, July 8--14, 1979},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Herman Parret and M. Sbis\`a and Jef Verschueren},
  pages = {473--492},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {speech-acts;discourse;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ levinson_sc:1981b,
  author = {Stephen C. Levinson},
  title = {Some Pre-Observations on the Modeling of Dialogue},
  journal = {Discourse Processes},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {93--110},
  topic = {pragmatics;discourse;}  
  } 

@book{ levinson_sc:1983a,
  author = {Stephen C. Levinson},
  title = {Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Cambridge, {E}ngland},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ levinson_sc:1987a,
  author = {Stephen C. Levinson},
  title = {Minimization and Conversational Inference},
  booktitle = {The Pragmatic Perspective},
  publisher = {Benjamins},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Jef Verschueren and Marcella Bertuccelli-Papi},
  pages = {61--127},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ levinson_sc:1987b,
  author = {Stephen C. Levinson},
  title = {Implicature Explicated?},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {722--723},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {implicature;relevance;}  
  } 

@article{ levinson_sc:1989a,
  author = {Stephen C. Levinson},
  title = {Review of {\it Relevance}, by {D}an {S}perber and
  	{D}eirdre {W}ilson},
  journal = {Journal of Linguistics},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {455--472},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Review of sperber-wilson_d:1986a.},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;relevance-theory;context;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ levinson_sc:1991a,
  author = {Steven C. Levinson},
  title = {Squib: The Fate of {JR}},
  year = {1991},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.  I don't know if this was ever
  	published.  It lumps Hobbs and me together on implicature
	and criticizes.},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;accommodation;}  
  } 

@book{ levinson_sc:2001a,
  author = {Steven C. Levinson},
  title = {Presumptive Meanings},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-12218-9},
  xref = {Review: green_nl:2001a.},
  xref = {Review: green_n:2001a.},
  topic = {implicature;}  
 } 

@book{ levitt:1999a,
  author = {Norman Levitt},
  title = {Prometheus Bedeviled: Science and the Contradictions Of
    Contemporary Culture},
  publisher = {Rutgers University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0813526523},
  topic = {science-and-contemporary-culturemmentary;}  
 } 

@article{ levitt_t-lawton:1990a,
  author = {T. Levitt and D. Lawton},
  title = {Qualitative Navigation for Mobile Robots},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {305--360},
  pages = {305--360},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {motion-planning;spatial-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ levy_al-weld:2000a,
  author = {Alon Y. Levy and Daniel S. Weld},
  title = {Intelligent Internet Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {118},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--14},
  topic = {AI-and-the-internet;AI-editorial;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ levy_ay-sagiv:1993a,
  author = {Alon Levy and Yehoshua Sagiv},
  title = {Exploiting Irrelevance Reasoning to Guide Problem Solving},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {138--144},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {theorem-proving;relevance;}  
  } 

@article{ levy_ay-etal:1997a,
  author = {Alon Y. Levy and Richard E. Fikes and Yehoshua Sagiv},
  title = {Speeding up Inferences Using Relevance Reasoning:  A
		Formalism and Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {97},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {83--136},
  topic = {relevance;AI-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ levy_ay-etal:1997b,
  author = {Alon Y. Levy and Yumi Iwasaki and Richard Fikes},
  title = {Automated Model Selection for Simulation Based on
		Relevance Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {96},
  number = {2},
  pages = {351--394},
  topic = {qualitative-simulation;model-construction;}  
  } 

@article{ levy_ay-rousset:1998a,
  author = {Alon Y. Levy and Marie-Christine Rousset},
  title = {Verification of Knowledge Bases Based on Containment
  	Checking},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {101},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {227--250},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;knowledge-base-verification;}  
  } 

@article{ levy_ay-rousset:1998b,
  author = {Alon A. Levy and Marie-Christine Rousset},
  title = {{CARIN}: A Representation Language Combining {H}orn Rules
  	and Description Logics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {104},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {165--209},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;extensions-of-kl1;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ levy_ay:1999a,
  author = {Alon Y. Levy},
  title = {Logic-Based Techniques in Data Integration},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {data-integration;}  
  } 

@incollection{ levy_ay:2000a,
  author = {Alon Y. Levy},
  title = {Logic-Based Techniques in Data Integration},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {575--595},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;taxonomic-logics;knowledge-integration;}  
  } 

@incollection{ levy_f:1991a,
  author = {F. L\'evy},
  title = {Computing Extensions of Default Logics},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {219--226},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {default-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ levy_m:1997a,
  author = {Michael Levy},
  title = {Computer-Assisted Language Learning: Context and
  	Conceptualization},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {intelligent-computer-assisted-language-instruction;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lewin_i:1995a,
  author = {Ian Lewin},
  title = {Indexical Dynamics},
  booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why?  Logical Approaches to
       Natural Language},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {121--151},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {indexicals;nl-quantifiers;anaphora;ellipsis;dynamic-semantics;
  	context;}  
  } 

@article{ lewin_r-etal:1997a,
  author = {Renato A. Lewin and Irene F. Mikenberg and Mar\'ia G.
		Schwarze},
  title = {On the Algebraizability of Annotated Logics},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {3},
  pages = {359--386},
  topic = {annotated-logics;paraconsistency;}  
  } 

@book{ lewis_ci:1918a,
  author = {Clarence I. Lewis},
  title = {Survey of Symbolic Logic},
  publisher = {Univeristy of California Press},
  year = {1918},
  address = {Berkeley, California},
  topic = {logic-classic;modal-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ lewis_ci:1923a,
  author = {Clarence I. Lewis},
  title = {A Pragmatic Conception of the {\it A Priori}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1923},
  volume = {20},
  number = {7},
  pages = {169--177},
  topic = {a-priori;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_ci:1932a,
  author = {Clarence I. Lewis},
  title = {Alternative Systems of Logic},
  journal = {The Monist},
  year = {1932},
  volume = {42},
  number = {4},
  pages = {481--507},
  topic = {philosophy-of-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_ci:1944a1,
  author = {Clarence I. Lewis},
  title = {The Modes of Meaning},
  journal = {Philosophy and Phenomenological Research},
  year = {1944},
  volume = {4},
  missinginfo = {number, pages},
  xref = {Republication: lewis_ci:1944a2.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;intensionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lewis_ci:1944a2,
  author = {Clarence I. Lewis},
  title = {The Modes of Meaning},
  booktitle = {Semantics and the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Illinois Press},
  year = {1952},
  editor = {Leonard Linsky},
  pages = {50--63},
  address = {Urbana, Illinois},
  xref = {Republication of: lewis_ci:1944a1.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;intensionality;}  
  } 

@book{ lewis_ci:1946a,
  author = {Clarence I. Lewis},
  title = {An Analysis of Knowledge and Valuation},
  publisher = {Open Court Publishing Co.},
  year = {1946},
  address = {LaSalle, Ilinois},
  topic = {epistemology;ethics;practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@book{ lewis_ci-langford:1959a,
  author = {Clarence I. Lewis and C.H. Langford},
  title = {Symbolic Logic},
  publisher = {Dover},
  year = {1959},
  address = {New York},
  edition = {2},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ lewis_dk:1969a,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Convention: A Philosophical Study},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1969},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: grandy_re:1977a.},
  topic = {convention;mutual-beliefs;
  	game-theoretic-coordination;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ lewis_dk:1969b,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Lucas against Mechanism},
  journal = {Philosophy},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {231--233},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {philosophy-of-computation;goedels-first-theorem;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_dk:1970a,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Anselm and Actuality},
  journal = {N\^{o}us},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {175--188},
  title = {Analog and Digital},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {321--327},
  topic = {analog-digital;philosophy-of-representation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lewis_dk:1972a1,
  author = {David Lewis},
  title = {General Semantics},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {169--218},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Republication: lewis_dk:1972a2},
  topic = {nl-semantics;intensionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lewis_dk:1972a2,
  author = {David Lewis},
  title = {General Semantics},
  booktitle = {Montague Grammar},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Barbara H. Partee},
  pages = {1--50},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {nl-semantics;intensionality;}  
  } 

@book{ lewis_dk:1973a,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Counterfactuals},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1973},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: smart:1974a.},
  title = {Counterfactuals and Comparative Possibility},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {418--446},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_dk:1974a,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Intensional Logics without Iterative Axioms},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {457--466},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_dk:1974b,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Radical Interpretation},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {48},
  pages = {331--344},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;radical-interpretation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lewis_dk:1974c,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Semantic Analysis for Dyadic Deontic Logic},
  booktitle = {Logical Theory and Semantic Analysis: Essays Dedicated to
		{S}tig {K}anger on His Fiftieth Birthday},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1974},
  pages = {1--14},
  editor = {S\"oren Stedlund},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ lewis_dk:1974d,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {`{W}hether' Report},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lewis_dk:1975a,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Adverbs of Quantification},
  booktitle = {Formal Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Edward L. Keenan},
  pages = {3--15},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {quantification;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lewis_dk:1975b,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Languages and Language},
  booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge.  {M}innesota Studies in
  	the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Keith Gunderson},
  pages = {3--35},
  address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;convention;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_dk:1975c,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Probabilities of Conditionals and Conditional
    		Probabilities},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {85},
  pages = {297--315},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {cccp;conditionals;probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lewis_dk:1976a,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Survival and Identity},
  booktitle = {The Identity of Persons},
  publisher = {University of California Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Amelie Rorty},
  address = {Los Angeles},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {personal-identity;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_dk:1977a,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Causation},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {70},
  number = {17},
  pages = {566--567},
  note = {Reprinted in David K. Lewis, {\it Philosophical Papers.} vol. 2,
  	Oxford University Press, 1986, pp. 159--213.  (Postscripts are added
	in this reprinting.)},
  xref = {Commentary: berovsky:1973a, kim_j:1973b.},
  topic = {conditionals;causality;action-effects;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_dk:1977b,
  author = {David Lewis},
  title = {Possible-Worlds Semantics for Counterfactual Logics:
  	A Rejoinder},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {359--363},
  contentnote = {This is a (crushing) reply to ellis-etal:1977a.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ lewis_dk:1977c,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Gibbard-{H}arper Decision Theory with Chancy Outcomes},
  year = {1977},
  month = {May},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, Princeton
  	University},
  topic = {causal-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_dk:1978a,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Truth in Fiction},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {37--46},
  missinginfo = {number.},
  topic = {counterfactuals;world-building;fiction;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ lewis_dk:1978b,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {The Hunter-Richter Paradox},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department,
		Princeton University},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;causal-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ lewis_dk:1978c,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Chancy Causation},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished handout, Philosophy Department,
		Princeton University},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_dk:1979a1,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Scorekeeping in a Language Game},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {339--359},
  topic = {nl-semantics;conversational-record;context;vagueness;
  	accommodation;skepticism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lewis_dk:1979a2,
  author = {David Lewis},
  title = {Scorekeeping in a Language Game},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {172--187},
  xref = {Other publication: 1979a1.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;conversational-record;context;vagueness;
  	accommodation;skepticism;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_dk:1979b,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Counterfactual Dependence and Time's Arrow},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {455--476},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conditionals;time-and-conditionals;temporal-direction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lewis_dk:1979c,
   author = {David K. Lewis},
   title = {A Problem about Permission},
   booktitle = {Essays in Honour of {J}aakko {H}intikka},
   publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
   year = {1979},
   editor = {Esa Saarinen and Risto Hilpinen and Ilkka Niiniluoto and
  	Merrill Province Hintikka},
   address = {Dordrecht, Holland},
   missinginfo = {pages},
   topic = {counterfactuals;deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_dk:1979d,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Attitudes {\em de Dicto} and {\em de Se}},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {88},
  pages = {513--543},
  missinginfo = {number.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;indexicals;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_dk:1979e,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Prisoner's Dilemma is a {N}ewcomb Problem},
  journal = {Philosophy and Public Affairs},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {235--240},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;prisoner's-dilemma;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ lewis_dk:1979f,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Conditionals: Ordering Semantics \& {K}ratzer's Semantics},
  year = {1979},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.},
  topic = {conditionals;} 
  } 

@incollection{ lewis_dk:1980a1,
   author = {David K. Lewis},
   title = {A Subjectivist's Guide to Objective Chance},
   booktitle = {Studies in Inductive Logic and Probability},
   publisher = {University of California Press},
   year = {1980},
   editor = {Richard Jeffrey},
 	Publishing, Dordrecht, Holland, 1981.  Reprinted in David
	Lewis, {\it Philosophical Papers.} vol 2,
   	Oxford University Press, 1986, pp. 114--132.},
   missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;branching-time;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lewis_dk:1980a2,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {A Subjectivist's Guide to Objective Chance},
  booktitle = {Ifs: Conditionals, Belief, Decision, Chance, and Time},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1980},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Robert Stalnaker and Glenn Pearce},
  pages = {267--297},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  title = {Causal Decision Theory},
  journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--30},
  xref = {Republished in lewis_dk:1986a. See lewis_dk:1981a2.},
  topic = {conditionals;decision-theory;causal-decision-theory;
  	Newcomb-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lewis_dk:1981a2,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Causal Decision Theory},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Papers},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {David K. Lewis},
  pages = {305--339},
  address = {Oxford, England},
  xref = {Reprint of lewis_dk:1981a1},
  topic = {conditionals;decision-theory;causal-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ lewis_dk:1981b,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Individuation by Acquaintance and by Stipulation},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, Princeton
  	University.},
  topic = {individuation;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_dk:1981c,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Ordering Semantics and Premise Semantics for Conditionals},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {217--234},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lewis_dk:1981d,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Index, Context and Content},
  booktitle = {Philosophy and Grammar},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Stig Kanger and Sven \"Ohman},
  pages = {79--101},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {context;indexicals;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_dk:1981e,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {What Puzzling {P}ierre Does Not Believe},
  journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {59},
  pages = {283--289},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {belief;Pierre-puzzle;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ lewis_dk:1983a,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Richter's Problem},
  year = {1983},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, Princeton
  	University.},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;resource-limited-game-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ lewis_dk:1983b,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Philosophical Papers},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {2},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;metaphysics;}  
 } 

@article{ lewis_dk:1983c,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Extrinsic Properties},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {197--200},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {internal/external-properties;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lewis_dk:1984a,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Individuation by Acquaintance and by Stipulation},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {219--244},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {individuation;philosophy-of-possible-worlds;}  
  } 

@book{ lewis_dk:1986a,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Philosophical Papers},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {2},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC: 16. Counterfactuals and Comparative Possibility
  		    17. Counterfactual Dependence and Time's Arrow.
		        Postscripts to "Counterfactual Dependence and
				Time's Arrow."
  		    18. The Paradoxes of time Travel
  		    18. A Subjectivist's Guide to Objective Chance
  		    20. Probabilities of Conditionals and Conditional
		    		Probabilities
			Postscripts to "Probabilities of Conditionals and
				Conditional Probabilities"
  		    21. Causation
		        Postscripts to "Causation"
  		    22. Causal Explanation
		        Postscripts to "Causal Explanation"
  		    23. Events
  		    24. Veridical Hallucination and Prosthetic Vision
  		    25. Are We Free to Break the Laws?
		    26. Prisoner's Dilemma is a Newcomb Problem
		    27. Causal Decision Theory
		    	Postscripts to "Causal Decision Theory"
		    28. Utilitarianism and Truthfulness
      } ,
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lewis_dk:1986b,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Causal Explanation},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Papers},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {David K. Lewis},
  pages = {214--240},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {causality;explanation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lewis_dk:1986c,
  author = {David Lewis},
  title = {Postscript to 'Probability of Conditionals and Conditional
  	Probabilities},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Papers},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {David K. Lewis},
  pages = {152--156},
  address = {Oxford, England},
  topic = {CCCP;conditionals;probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_dk:1988a1,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Vague Identity: {E}vans Misunderstood},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {48},
  pages = {128--130},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: lewis_dk:1988a2.},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lewis_dk:1988a2,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Vague Identity: {E}vans
    		Misunderstood},
  booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {318--320},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of lewis_dk:1988a1.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_dk:1989a,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Lucas against Mechanism {II}},
  journal = {Canadian Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {120--124},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {philosophy-of-computation;goedels-first-theorem;}  
  } 

@book{ lewis_dk:1998a,
  editor = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Papers in Philosophical Logic},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521582474 (hardback)},
  xref = {Review: priest:2002a.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ lewis_dk-langton_r:1998a,
  author = {David K. Lewis and R. Langton},
  title = {Defining Intrinsic},
  journal = {Philosophy and Phenomenological Research},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {58},
  pages = {333--345},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {internal/external-properties;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_dk-lewis_s:1998a,
  author = {David K. Lewis and Stephanie Lewis},
  title = {Review of {\it Holes and Other Superficialities},
  	by {R}oberto {C}asati and {A}chille {C}. {V}arzi},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1},
  pages = {77--79},
  xref = {Review of casati-varzi:1999a.},
  topic = {spatial-representation;philosophucal-ontology;mereology;}  
  } 

@book{ lewis_dk:1999a,
  editor = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Papers in Metaphysics and Epistemology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521582482 (hardbound)},
  xref = {Reviews: armstrong_dm:2001a, priest:2002a.},
  topic = {metaphysics;epistemplogy;}  
 } 

@article{ lewis_dk:2000a,
  author = {David Lewis},
  title = {Causation as Influence},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {4},
  pages = {181--197},
  topic = {causality;conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ lewis_dk:2000b,
  editor = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Papers in Ethics and Social Theory},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0-521-58249-0 (hardbound), 0-521-58786-7 (pbk)},
  xref = {Review: priest:2002a.},
  topic = {ethics;social-philosophy;deontic-logic;decision-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ lewis_dk:2001a,
  author = {David K. Lewis},
  title = {Truthmaking and Difference-Making},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {35},
  number = {4},
  pages = {602--615},
  topic = {truth;propositions;philosophy-of-possible-worlds;}  
  } 

@book{ lewis_hr-denenberg:1991a,
  author = {Harry R. Lewis and Larry Denenberg},
  title = {Data Structures and Their Algorithms},
  publisher = {Harper Collins Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {algorithms;data-structures;}  
 } 

@techreport{ lewis_m:1986a,
  author = {Michael Lewis},
  title = {The Automation of a Practical Reasoning System Based
  	on Concepts in Deontic Logic},
  institution = {Advanced Computational Methods Center, University
  	of Georgia},
  number = {01--0014},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Athens, Georgia},
  topic = {deontic-logic;practical-reasoning;qualitative-utility;}  
  } 

@article{ lewis_m:1998a,
  author = {Michael Lewis},
  title = {Designing for Human-Agent Interaction},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {67--78},
  topic = {autonomous-agents;HCI;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ lewis_rl:1993a,
  author = {Richard L. Lewis},
  title = {An Architecturally-Based Theory of Human Sentence
               Comprehension},
  school = {Carnegie Mellon University},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  note = {Available from Computer Science Department as Technical
          Report CMU-CS-93-226},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;nl-interpretation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lewis_rl:1996a,
  author = {Richard L. Lewis},
  title = {What {S}oar has to Say about Modularity},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {75--84},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;cognitive-modularity;NL-Soar;}  
  } 

@article{ leyton:1988a,
  author = {Michael Leyton},
  title = {A Process-Grammar for Shape},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {34},
  number = {2},
  pages = {213--247},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Inference rules are developed by which process-history can be
     recovered from natural shapes such as tumors, clouds, and
     embryos, etc.  We argue that the inference of history arises from
     a newly discovered duality between curvature extrema and
     symmetry structure.  We also develop a formal grammar by which
     someone, who has two views of an entity at two developmental
     stages, can infer the processes that produced the second stage
     from the first.  More specifically, we find that a grammar, of
     only six operations, suffices to express the relationship
     between any two smooth shapes such that one shape is described
     as the extrapolation of processes inferred in the other under
     the above inference rules.  In fact, a deformation is expressed
     as a transformation of process-records -- a technique reminiscent
     of Chomsky's description of linguistic transformations in terms
     of transitions between phrase-structure trees.  In the present
     case, our process-grammar has the psychological role of
     explaining the curvature extrema in terms of a sequence of
     psychologically meaningful deformations.  Finally, we compare a
     process-based symmetry analysis, that we introduce in this
     paper, with other symmetry analyses in the literature; and we
     compare our process-based grammar with another grammar based on
     curvature extrema.  } ,
  topic = {process-recognition;extralinguistic-uses-of-grammars;}  
  } 

@book{ li_cn:1976a,
  editor = {C.N. Li},
  title = {Subject and Topic},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {s-topic;d-topic;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ li_cn-thompson:1976a,
  author = {C.N. Li and S.A. Thompson},
  title = {Subject and Topic: A New Typology of Language},
  booktitle = {Subject and Topic},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {C.N. Li},
  pages = {457--489},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name},
  topic = {s-topic;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ li_h-yamanishi:1997a,
  author = {Hang Li and Kenji Yamanishi},
  title = {Document Classification Using a Finite Mixture Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {39--47},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {document-classification;information-retrieval;nl-processing;}  
 } 

@article{ li_h-abe:1998a,
  author = {Hang Li and Naoki Abe},
  title = {Generalizing Case Frames Using a Thesaurus and
  	the {MDI} Principle},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {217--244},
  topic = {word-acquisition;automatic-automatic-grammar-acquisition;}  
  } 

@article{ li_h-abe_n:1999a,
  author = {Hang Li and Naoki Abe},
  title = {Learning Dependencies between Case Frame Slots},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {283--291},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ li_j:1998a,
  author = {Jun Li},
  title = {A Note on Partial Meet Package Contraction},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {139--142},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ li_lw:1994a,
  author = {Liwu Li},
  title = {Possible Worlds Semantics and Autoepistemic Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {71},
  number = {2},
  pages = {281--320},
  topic = {autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ li_rw-pereira_lm:1996a,
  author = {Renwei Li and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira},
  title = {What is Believed Is What is Explained (Sometimes)},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {550--555},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;database-update;abduction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ li_zo-dambrosio:1993a,
  author = {Zhaoyu Li and Bruce D'Ambrision},
  title = {An Efficient Approach for Finding the {MPE} in
  	Belief Networks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the
  	9th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence
	(UAI93)},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {David E. Heckerman and Abe Mamdani},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {342--349},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@article{ liau-lin_bip:1992a,
  author = {Churn Jung Liau and Bertrand I-Peng Lin},
  title = {Abstract Minimality and Circumscription},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {54},
  number = {3},
  pages = {381--396},
  topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ liau_cj-lin_bip:1996a,
  author = {Churn-Jung Liau and Bertrand I-Peng Lin},
  title = {Possibilistic Reasoning---A Mini-Survey and Uniform
  	Semantics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {88},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {163--193},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In this paper, we survey some quantitative and qualitative
     approaches to uncertainty management based on possibility theory
     and present a logical framework to integrate them.  The semantics
     of the logic is based on the Dempster's rule of conditioning for
     possibility theory.  It is then shown that classical modal logic,
     conditional logic, possibilistic logic, quantitative modal logic
     and qualitative possibilistic logic are all sublogics of the
     presented logical framework.  In this way, we can formalize and
     generalize some well-known results about possibilistic reasoning
     in a uniform semantics.  Moreover, our uniform framework is
     applicable to nonmonotonic reasoning, approximate consequence
     relation formulation, and partial consistency handling.  } ,
  topic = {possibilistic-logic;probability-semantics;modal-logic;
  	conditionals;nonmonotonic-reasoning;conditioning-methods;}  
  } 

@article{ liau_cj:2000a,
  author = {Churn-Jung Liau},
  title = {A Logical Analysis of the Relationship between Commitment
  	and Obligation},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {237--261},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ liberatore-schaerf:1995a,
  author = {Paolo Liberatore and Marco Schaerf},
  title = {Relating Belief Revision to Circumscription},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1557--1563},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  xref = {see liberatore-schaerf:1977a},
  topic = {belief-revision;circumscription;}  
  } 

@article{ liberatore-schaerf:1997a,
  author = {Paolo Liberatore and Marco Schaerf},
  title = {Reducing Belief Revision to Circumscription (and Vice
  	Versa)},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {93},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {261--296},
  topic = {belief-revision;circumscription;complexity-in-AI;kr;
  	krcourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ liberatore:1998a,
  author = {Paolo Liberatore},
  title = {On the Compatibility of Diagnosis, Planning, Reasoning
		about Actions, Belief Revision, etc.},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {144--155},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;diagnosis;planning;
  	belief-revision;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ liberatore-schaerf:1998a,
  author = {Paolo Liberatore and Marco Schaerf},
  title = {The Complexity of Model Checking for Propositional
  	Default Logicss},
  booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henri Prade},
  pages = {18--22},
  address = {Chichester},
  contentnote = {The result of this note is that model checking is
  	Sigma^p_2 complete in general, co-NP for normal defaults with
	prerequisite =T.},
  topic = {model-checking;default-logics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ liberatore:1999a,
  author = {Paolo Liberatore},
  title = {{BR}e{LS}:  A System for Revising, Updating,
		and Merging Knowledge Bases},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
	Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Michael Thielscher},
  pages = {41--48},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {information-merging;}  
  } 

@article{ liberatore:2000a,
  author = {Paolo Liberatore},
  title = {On the Complexity of Choosing the Branching Literal
  	in {DPLL}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {116},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {315--326},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ liberatore:2000b,
  author = {Paolo Liberatore},
  title = {The Complexity of Belief Update},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {119},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {141--190},
  topic = {belief-revision;kr-complexity-analysis;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ liberatore-schaerf:2000a,
  author = {Paolo Liberatore and Marco Schaerf},
  title = {{\sc Brels}: A System for the Integration of Knowledge
        Bases},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {145--152},
  topic = {knowledge-integration;}  
  } 

@incollection{ liberatore-etal:2002a,
  author = {Francesco M. Donini and Paolo Liberatore and Fabio Massacci
  	and Marco Scaerf},
  title = {Solving {QBF} with {SMV}},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {578--589},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;model-checking;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ liberman:1973a,
  author = {Mark Liberman},
  title = {Alternatives},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth Regional Meeting of the
  	Chicago Linguistics Society},
  year = {1973},
  pages = {346--355},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society},
  address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {alternatives;intonation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ liberman-sag:1974a,
  author = {Mark Liberman and Ivan Sag},
  title = {Prosodic Effects on Discourse Function},
  booktitle = {Papers from the Tenth Regional Meeting of the
  	{C}hicago Linguistic Society},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {Michael LaGaly and Robert A. Fox and Anthony Bruck},
  pages = {416--427},
  organization = {Chicago Linguistic Society},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistic Society},
  address = {Goodspeed Hall, 1050 East 59th Street, Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {intonation;prosody;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ liberman:1979a,
  author = {Mark Liberman},
  title = {The Intonational System of {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Garland},
  year = {1979},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {intonation;prosody;}  
 } 

@incollection{ liberman-sproat:1992a,
  author = {Mark Liberman and Richard Sproat},
  title = {The Stress and Structure of Modified Noun Phrases in
  	{E}nglish},
  booktitle = {Lexical Matters},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Ivan A. Sag and Anna Szabolcsi},
  pages = {1--29},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {noun-phrases;intonation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lichtenstein-etal:1985a,
  author = {O. Lichtenstein and Amir Pnuelli and L. Zuck},
  title = {The Glory of the Past},
  booktitle = {Logics of Programs: Brooklyn, June 17--19,
  	1985 Proceedings},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {196--218},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {temporal-logic;program-verification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lieb:1971a,
  author = {Hans-Heinrich Lieb},
  title = {On Subdividing Semiotic},
  booktitle = {Pragmatics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  pages = {94--119},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lieb:1976a,
  author = {Hans-Heinrich Lieb},
  title = {On Relating Pragmatics, Linguistics, and Non-Semantic
  	Disciplines},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {217--249},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {pragmatics;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ lieber:1981a,
  author = {Rochelle Lieber},
  title = {On the Organization of the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {morphology;lexicon;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lieber-napoli:1998a,
  author = {Justine Lieber and Amedeo Napoli},
  title = {Correct and Complete Retrieval for Case-Based
  	Problem-Solving},
  booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henri Prade},
  pages = {68--72},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1984a,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Some Results on Circumscription},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Non-Monotonic Reasoning Workshop},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {151--164},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;circumscription;}  
  } 

@article{ lifschitz:1985a1,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Closed-World Databases and Circumscription},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {229--235},
  xref = {Republication: lifschitz:1985a2.},
  topic = {applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;closed-world-reasoning;
      circumscription;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lifschitz:1985a2,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Closed-World Databases and Circumscription},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {334--336},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: lifschitz:1985a1.},
  topic = {applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;closed-world-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1985b1,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Computing Circumscription},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi},
  pages = {121--127},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication: lifschitz:1985b2.},
  topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lifschitz:1985b2,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Computing Circumscription},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {167--173},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: lifschitz:1985b1.},
  topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1986a,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Pointwise Circumscription: Preliminary Report},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  pages = {121--127},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Superseded by lifschitz:1986d1.},
  topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;temporal-reasoning;
  	Yale-shooting-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lifschitz:1986c1,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {On the Semantics of {\sc strips}},
  booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky},
  pages = {1--9},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Reprinted in allen-etal:1990a, see lifschitz:1986c2.},
  topic = {action-formalisms;planning;foundations-of-planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lifschitz:1986c2,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {On the Semantics of {\sc strips}},
  booktitle = {Readings in Planning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {James F. Allen and James Hendler and Austin Tate},
  pages = {523--530},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Reprint of lifschitz:1986c.},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;action;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1986d1,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Pointwise circumscription},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  pages = {406--410},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication: lifschitz:1986d2.},
  topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;temporal-reasoning;
  	Yale-shooting-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lifschitz:1986d2,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Pointwise Circumscription},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  pages = {179--193},
  contentnote = {This is one of 3 formulations of a chronological
  	minimization solutuon to the YSP.},
  xref = {Conference Publication: lifschitz:1986d1.},
  topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;temporal-reasoning;
  	Yale-shooting-problem;}  
 } 

@article{ lifschitz:1986e,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {On the Satisfiability of Circumscription},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17--27},
  topic = {circumscription;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1987a,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Benchmark Problems for Non-Monotonic Formal Reasoning,
  	Version 2.00},
  booktitle = {Second International Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Michael Reinfrank and Johan de Kleer and Eric Sandewall},
  pages = {202--219},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lifschitz:1987a2,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {On the Declarative Semantics of Logic
         Programs with Negation},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {337--350},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: lifschitz:1987a1.},
  topic = {logic-programming;nonmonotonic-logic;negation-as-failure;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1987c,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Formal Theories of Action: Preliminary Report},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {John McDermott},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1987d1,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Formal Theories of Action},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1987 Workshop on the Frame Problem},
  editor = {Frank M. Brown},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {35--57},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication: lifschitz:1987d2.},
  contentnote = {This develops a causal minimization solution to
  	the YSP.},
  topic = {action-formalisms;Yale-shooting-problem;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lifschitz:1987d2,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Formal Theories of Action},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  pages = {410--432},
  xref = {Republication of lifschitz:1987d1.},
  contentnote = {This develops a causal minimization solution to
  	the YSP.},
  xref = {Republication: lifschitz:1987d2.},
  topic = {action-formalisms;Yale-shooting-problem;temporal-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ lifschitz:1988a1,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Circumscriptive Theories: A Logic-Based Framework for
  	Knowledge Representation},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {3},
  pages = {391--441},
  xref = {Republication: lifschitz:1988a2.},
  topic = {kr;circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lifschitz:1988a2,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Circumscriptive Theories: A Logic-Based Framework for
  	Knowledge Representation},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {109--159},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Republication of: lifschitz:1988a1.},
  topic = {kr;circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lifschitz:1989b,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Between Circumscription and Autoepistemic Logic},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {235--244},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;circumscription;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ lifschitz-rabinov:1989a,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz and  Arkady Rabinov},
  title = {Miracles in Formal Theories of Action},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  pages = {225--237},
  topic = {action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@book{ lifschitz:1990b,
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory
  	of Computation: Papers in Honor of {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. David J. Israel, "A Short Sketch of the Life and Career of
     		John McCarthy", pp. 1--5
     2. Robert S. Boyer and David M. Goldschag and Matt Kaufman and
     		J. Strother Moore, "Functional Instantiation in
		First-Order Logic", pp. 7--26
     3. Robert Cartwright, "Lambda: The Ultimate
     	Combinator", pp. 27--46
     4. Solomon Feferman, "Proofs of Termination and the `91'
     		Function", pp. 47--63
     5. Jerome A. Feldman, "Robots with Common Sense?", pp. 65--72
     6. Robert E. Filman, "Ascribing Artificial Intelligence to (Simpler)
     		Machines, or When {AI} Meets the Real World", pp. 73--89
     7. Richard P. Gabriel, "The Design of Parallel Programming
     		Languages", pp. 91--108
     8. Chris Goad, "Metaprogramming at Work in Automated
     		Manufacturing", pp. 109--128
     9. R. Wm. Gosper, "{LISP}+Calculus = Identities", pp. 129--149
    10. Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe W. Vardi, "Model Checking Versus
    		Theorem Proving: A Manifesto", pp. 151--176
    11. Anthony C. Hearn, "Algebraic Computation: The QUiet
    		Revolution", pp. 177--186
    12. Takahashi Ito, "{LISP} and Parallelism", pp. 187--206
    13. Donald E. Knuth, "Textbook Examples of Recursion", pp. 207--229
    14. Robert Kowalski and Jin-Sang Kim, "A Metalogic Approach to
    		Multi-Agent Knowledge and Belief", pp. 231--246
    15. Hector J. Levesque, "Belief and Introspection", pp. 247--260
    16. Zohar Manna and Mark Stickel and Richard Waldinger, "Monotonicity
    		Properties in Automated Deduction", pp. 247--280
    17. Jack Minker and Jorge Lobo and Arcot Rajasekar, "Circumscription
    		 and Disjunctive Logic Programming", pp. 281--304
    18. John C, Mitchell, "On the Equivalence of Data
    		Representations", pp. 305--329
    19. HP Moravec, "Caution!  Robot Vehicle!", pp. 331--343
    20. Peter K. Rathman and Gio Wiederhold, "Circumscription and
    		Authority", pp. 345--358
    21. Raymond Reiter, "The Frame Problem in the Situation Calculus: A
    		Simple Solution (Sometimes) and a Completeness Result
		for Goal Regression", pp. 359--380
    22. Masahiko Sato, "An Abstraction Mechanism for Symbolic
    		Expressions", pp. 381--391
    23. Yoav Shoham, "Varieties of Context", pp. 393--407
    24. Herbert Stoyan, "The Influence of the Designer on the
    	Design---{J}.{M}c{C}arthy and {LISP}", pp. 409--426
    25. Carolyn Talcutt, "Binding Structures", pp. 427--448
    26. Richmond H. Thomason, "Logicism, Artificial Intelligence, and
    		Common Sense: {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy's Program in
		Philosophical Perspective", pp. 449--466
    27. Richard Weyhrauch, "The Incorrectnesss of the Bisection
    		Algorithm", pp. 467--468
  	},
  topic = {J-McCarthy;common-sense;}  
 } 

@book{ lifschitz:1990c,
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Vladimir Lifschitz, "Understanding Common Sense: {M}c{C}arthy's
		Research in Artificial Intelligence", pp. 1--8
     2. John McCarthy, "Programs with Common Sense", pp. 9--20
     3. John McCarthy and Patrick Hayes, "Some Philosophical Problems
     		from the Standpoint of Artificial
		Intelligence", pp. 21--63
     4. John McCarthy, "Review of `Artificial Intelligence: A
     		General Survey{'}", pp. 64--69
     5. John McCarthy, "An Example for Natural Language Understanding
     		and the {AI} Problems It Raises", pp. 70--76
     6. John McCarthy, "Epistemological Problems of Artificial
     		Intelligence", pp. 77--92
     7. John McCarthy, "Ascribing Mental Qualities to
     		Machines", pp. 93--118
     8. John McCarthy, "First Order Theories of Individual Concepts and
		Propositions", pp. 119--141
     9. John McCarthy, "Circumscription--A Form of Nonmonotonic
     		Reasoning", pp. 142--157
    10. John McCarthy, "Formalization of Two Puzzles Involving
    		Knowledge", pp. 158--166
    11. John McCarthy, "Coloring Maps and the Kowalski
    		Doctrine", pp. 167--178
    12. John McCarthy, "The Common Business Communication
    		Language", pp. 179--188
    13. John McCarthy, "The Little Thoughts of Thinking Machines",
    		pp. 179--186
    14. John McCarthy, "{AI} Needs More Emphasis on Basic Research",
    		pp. 187--188
    15. John McCarthy, "Some Expert Systems Need Common
    		Sense", pp. 189--197
    16. John McCarthy, "Applications of Circumscription to
    		Formalizing Common Sense", pp. 198--225
    17. John McCarthy, "Generality in Artificial Intelligence", pp.
    		226--236
    18. John McCarthy, "Mathematical Logic in Artificial
    		Intelligence", pp. 237--249
   } ,
  xref = {Reviews: akman:1995a,marek:1993a,giunchiglia_f:1994a,
  	giunchiglia_f:1995a,giunchiglia_f:1995b},
  topic = {AI-classics;circumscription;J-McCarthy;common-sense;kr;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lifschitz:1990d,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Understanding Common Sense: {M}c{C}arthy's
		Research in Artificial Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {1--8},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  xref = {Review: akman:1995a.},
  topic = {J-McCarthy;common-sense;kr;}  
  } 

@article{ lifschitz:1990e,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Frames in the Space of Situations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {46},
  number = {3},
  pages = {365--376},
  topic = {situation-calculus;temporal-reasoning;fluents;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lifschitz:1991a,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Towards a Metatheory of Action},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {376--386},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;action;foundations-of-planning;situation-calculus;
  	circumscription;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lifschitz-woo:1992a,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz and T. Woo},
  title = {Answer Sets in General Nonmonotonic Reasoning
	(Preliminary Report)},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {603--614},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr;logic-programming;
  	nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1993a,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Restricted Monotonicity},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert},
  pages = {432--437},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lifschitz-schwartz:1993a,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz and Grigiri Schwartz},
  title = {Extended Logic Programs as Autoepistemic Theories},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on
		Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {101--114},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, organization, address},
  topic = {extended-logic-programming;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lifschitz:1994a,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Minimal Belief and Negation as Failure},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {70},
  pages = {53--72},
  number = {1--2},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;negation-as-failure;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lifschitz:1994b,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Circumscription},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence
   	         and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic
		 Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson},
  pages = {298--352},
  topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lifschitz:1995a,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {The Logic of Common Sense},
  journal = {{ACM} Computing Surveys},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {343--345},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {common-sense-logicism;}  
  } 

@article{ lifschitz:1995b,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Nested Abnormality Theories},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {74},
  number = {2},
  pages = {351--365},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;lcircumscription;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lifschitz-turner_h:1995a,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz and Hudson Turner},
  title = {From Disjunctive Programs to Abduction},
  booktitle = {Non-Monotonic Extensions of Logic Programming},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {23--42},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {disjunctive-logic-programming;abduction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1996a1,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Two Components of an Action Language},
  booktitle = {Working Papers: Common Sense '96},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Tom Costello},
  pages = {89--95},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University},
  address = {Stanford University},
  note = {Consult http://www-formal.Stanford.edu/tjc/96FCS.},
  xref = {Journal publication: lifschitz:1996a2},
  topic = {kr;action-formalisms;causality;action-effects;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ lifschitz:1996a2,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Two Components of an Action Language},
  journal = {Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {305--320},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication of: lifschitz:1996a1},
  topic = {kr;action-formalisms;causality;action-effects;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lifschitz:1996b,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Foundations of Logic Programming},
  booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Gerhard Brewka},
  pages = {69--127},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lifschitz:1996c,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Foundations of Logic Programming},
  booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Gerhard Brewka},
  pages = {69--127},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ lifschitz:1997a,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {On the Logic of Causal Explanation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {96},
  number = {2},
  pages = {451--465},
  topic = {causality;circumscription;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lifschitz:1998a,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Situation Calculus and Causal Logic},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {536--546},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;action-formalisms;
  	causality;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1998b,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Situation Calculus and Causal Logic},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  year = {1998},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  pages = {31--37},
  topic = {causality;temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms;
	nonmonotonic-reasoning;situation-calculus;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1999a,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {A Causal Language for Describing Actions},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {causality;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lifschitz:2000a,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Missionaries and Cannibals in the Causal Calculator},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {85--96},
  topic = {planning-formalisms;macro-formalization;elaboration-tolerance;}  
  } 

@article{ lifschitz:2000b,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Review of {\it Solving the Frame Problem}, by
  	{M}urray {S}hanahan},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {123},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {265--268},
  xref = {Review of: shanahan:1997a.  Response: shanahan:2000a.},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;krcourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lifschitz-etal:2000a,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz and Norman McCain and Emilio Remolina and
     		Armando Tacchella},
  title = {Getting to the Airport: The Oldest Planning Problem in
  		{AI}},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {147--165},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ lifschitz:2002a,
  author = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Answer Set Generation and Plan Generation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {138},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {39--54},
  topic = {logic-programming;answer-sets;plan-algorithms;} 
  } 

@article{ ligeza:1990a,
  author = {Antoni Lig\k{e}za},
  title = {Dynamic Backward Reasoning Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {43},
  number = {2},
  pages = {127--152},
  topic = {search;planning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@techreport{ light:1993a,
  author = {Mark Light},
  title = {Classification in Feature-Based Default Inheritance
  	Hierarchies},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Rochester},
  number = {473},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Rochester, NY},
  topic = {kr;inheritance;classification;feature-structures;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ light:1996a,
  author = {Marc Light},
  title = {Morphological Cues for Lexical Semantics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {25--31},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {derivational-morphology;word-learning;}  
 } 

@article{ light:1998a,
  author = {Marc Light},
  title = {Review of {\em Corpus Processing for Lexical Acquisition},
  		by {B}ranimir {B}oguraev and {J}ames {P}ustejovsky},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {111--114},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;dictionary-construction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lightner:1971a,
  author = {Theodore Lightner},
  title = {Generative Phonology},
  booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science},
  publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of
		Maryland.},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {William Orr Dingwall},
  pages = {498--574},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {phonology;}  
  } 

@book{ lim-morley:1990a,
  author = {Pierre Lim and David Morley},
  title = {Domains For Meta-Programming},
  publisher = {Dept. of Computer Science, Monash University},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Clayton, Australia},
  ISBN = {1575862379},
  topic = {metaprogramming;}  
 } 

@techreport{ lin_dk-goebel:1989a,
  author = {Dekang Lin and Randy Goebel},
  title = {Computing Circumscription of Ground Theories with
		Theorist},
  institution = {Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta},
  number = {TR 89--26},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Edmonton},
  topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@techreport{ lin_dk-goebel:1989b,
  author = {Dekang Lin and Randy Goebel},
  title = {A Probabilistic Theory of Abductive Diagnostic Reasoning},
  institution = {Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta},
  number = {TR 89--25},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Edmonton},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {abduction;diagnosis;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ lin_dk:1997a,
  author = {Dekang Lin},
  title = {Using Syntactic Dependency on Local Context to Resolve
  	Word Sense Ambiguity},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {64--71},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;nl-processing;}  
 } 

@article{ lin_dk:1999a,
  author = {Dekang Lin},
  title = {Review of {\em Wordnet: An Electronic Lexical
		Database}, by {C}hristiane {F}ellbaum},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {292--296},
  xref = {Review of fellbaum:1998a.},
  topic = {wordnet;clcourse;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lin_fz:1988a,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin},
  title = {Circumscription in a Modal Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {113--127},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {circumscription;modal-logic;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lin_fz-shoham_y1:1989a,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Argument Systems: A Uniform Basis For Non-Monotonic
  	Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {245--255},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {argument-systems;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ lin_fz:1990a,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin},
  title = {A Study in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  school = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {action;planning-formalisms;nonmonotonic-logic;
  	causality;}  
    } 

@inproceedings{ lin_fz-shoham_y1:1990a,
  author = {Fang-Zhen Lin and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Epistemic Semantics For Fixed-Points Non-Monotonic Logics},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {111--120},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;fixpoints;autoepistemic-logic;
  	default-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lin_fz-shoham_y1:1991a,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Provably Correct Theories of Action (Preliminary Report)},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
   editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown},
  pages = {349--354},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {action;planning-formalisms;frame-problem;concurrent-actions;}  
  } 

@article{ lin_fz-shoham_y1:1992a,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {A Logic of Knowledge and Justified Assumptions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {57},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {271--289},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;epistemic-logic;kr-course;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ lin_fz-shoham_y1:1992b,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Concurrent Actions in the Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {action;planning-formalisms;concurrent-action;}  
  } 

@article{ lin_fz-reiter_r:1994a,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin and Raymond Reiter},
  title = {State Constraints Revisited},
  journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {655--678},
  topic = {kr;frame-problem;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lin_fz-reiter_r:1994b,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin and Raymond Reiter},
  title = {How to Progress a Database (and Why) {I}: Logical Foundations},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {425--436},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {planning-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lin_fz-reiter_r:1994c,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin and Raymond Reiter},
  title = {Forget It!},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Relevance},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Russell Greiner and Devika Subramanian},
  pages = {154--159},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lin_fz:1995a,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin},
  title = {Embracing Causality in Specifying the Indirect Effects of
  	Actions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1985--1991},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {causality;action-effects;action;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lin_fz-reiter:1995a,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin and Raymond Reiter},
  title = {How to Progress a Database {II}: The {\sc strips} 
  	Connection},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {2001--2007},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  xref = {See lin_fz-reiter:1994b for Part I.  Journal Publication:
  	lin_fz-reiter:1997a},
  topic = {planning-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;kr;kr-course;
  	situation-calculus;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lin_fz:1996a,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin},
  title = {Abstract Operators, Indeterminate Effects, and the
  	Magic Predicate},
  booktitle = {Working Papers: Common Sense '96},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Tom Costello},
  pages = {96--103},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University},
  address = {Stanford University},
  note = {Consult http://www-formal.Stanford.edu/tjc/96FCS.},
  topic = {indeterminacy;actions;action-formalisms;frame-problem;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lin_fz:1996b,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin},
  title = {Nondeterminism in Causal Theories of Action},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {670--676},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {action-formalisms;causality;(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@article{ lin_fz-reiter:1997a,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin and Raymond Reiter},
  title = {How to Progress a Database},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {92},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {131--167},
  xref = {See lin_fz-reiter:1994b, lin_fz-reiter:1995a for conference
  	papers.},
  topic = {planning-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;kr;kr-course;
  	situation-calculus;action-formalisms;frame-problem;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lin_fz:1998a,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin},
  title = {On the Relationships between Static and Dynamic Causal
		Rules in the Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  year = {1998},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  pages = {38--43},
  topic = {causality;temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms;
	actions;nonmonotonic-reasoning;situation-calculus;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lin_fz:1998b,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin},
  title = {On Measuring Plan Quality (A Preliminary Report)},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {224--232},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;planing;plan-evaluation;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ lin_fz:1998c,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin},
  title = {Applications of the Situation Calculus to Formalizing
  	Control and Strategic Information: the {P}rolog Cut Operator},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {273--294},
  topic = {procedural-control;situation-calculus;negation-as-failure;}  
  } 

@article{ lin_fz-levesque:1998a,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {What Robots Can Do: Robot Programs and Effective
  	Achievability},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {101},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {201--226},
  topic = {cognitive-robotics;action-theory;action-formalisms;
  	ability;reasoning-about-achievability;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lin_fz:2000a,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin},
  title = {On Strongest Necessary and Weakest Sufficient Conditions},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {167--175},
  topic = {abduction;definability;}  
  } 

@article{ lin_fz:2001a,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin},
  title = {On Strongest Necessary and Weakest Sufficient Conditions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {128},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {143--159},
  topic = {definability;abduction;}  
  } 

@article{ lin_fz:2001b,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin},
  title = {A Planner Called {R}},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {73--76},
  topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lin_fz:2002a,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin},
  title = {Reducing Strong Equivalence to Entailment in Classical
  	Propositional Logic},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {170--176},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;logic-programming;} 
  } 

@article{ lin_fz-you:2002a,
  author = {Fangzhen Lin and Jia-Huai You},
  title = {Abduction in Logic Programming: A New Definition and an
  	Abductive Procedure Based on Rewriting},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {140},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {175--205},
  topic = {abduction;logic-programming;} 
  } 

@article{ lin_jw:1998a,
  author = {Jo-Wang Lin},
  title = {Distributivity in {C}hinese and its Implications},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {201--243},
  topic = {distributivity-of-quantifiers;Chinese-language;}  
  } 

@article{ lin_jw:1999a,
  author = {Jo-Wang Lin},
  title = {Double Quantification and the Meaning of {\it Shenne} 
  	`What' in {C}hinese Bare Conditionals},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {6},
  pages = {573--593},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;Chinese-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lin_jx:1994a,
  author = {Jinxin Lin},
  title = {Consistent Belief Reasoning in the Presence of Inconsistency},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {80--94},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {paraconsistency;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lin_jx:1996a,
  author = {Jinxin Lin},
  title = {Integration of Weighted Knowledge Bases},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {83},
  number = {2},
  pages = {363--378},
  topic = {knowledge-integration;}  
  } 

@article{ lin_jx:1996b,
  author = {Jinxin Lin},
  title = {A Semantics for Reasoning Consistently in the Presence of
  	Inconsistency},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {86},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--95},
  topic = {paraconsistency;hyperintensionality;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lin_wc-etal:1989a,
  author = {Wei-Chung Lin and Cheng-Chung Liang and Chin-Tu Chen},
  title = {A Computational Model for Process-Grammar},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  pages = {207--224},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Shape analysis is a challenging topic in the research areas of
     human and machine vision.  Recently, Leyton [1] proposed a
     process-grammar for analyzing morphological change of
     two-dimensional patterns.  Because the process-grammar was
     designed to give a qualitative description of what has occurred
     in the intervening time, it does not quantitatively derive the
     later shape from the earlier one and the continuous family of
     ``intermediate shapes'' is therefore unspecified.  A
     computational model is thus proposed to supplement the
     process-grammar for describing the continuous process-history of
     shape change.  Based on the idea of elastic interpolation, the
     basic approach is to find a set of ``forces'' acting on one
     shape and trying to distort it to be like the other shape.  The
     intermediate shapes generated by this process can be considered
     as the process-history of the two shapes.  Five out of six rules
     in the process-grammar can be explained by the model without any
     modification.  By a minor modification, the only rule remained
     can also be covered by the model.  } ,
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;extralinguistic-uses-of-grammars;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lincoln-shankar:1994a,
  author = {P.D. Lincoln and N. Shankar},
  title = {Proof Search in First-order Linear Logic and Other
   		Cut-free Sequent Calculi},
  year = {1994},
  booktitle = {LICS},
  pages = {282--291},
  topic = {linear-logic;theorem-proving;cut-free-deduction;}  
} 

@book{ lindahl:1977a,
  author = {Lars Lindahl},
  title = {Position and Change: A Study in Law and Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-and-law;}  
 } 

@book{ lindblom:1977a,
  author = {Charles E. Lindblom},
  title = {Politics and Markets: The World's Political Economic
  	Systems},
  publisher = {Basic Books},
  year = {1977},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0465059570},
  topic = {political-economy;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ linden-etal:1997a,
  author = {Greg Linden and Steve Hanks and Neal Lesh},
  title = {Interactive Assessment of User Preference Models: The
  	Automated Travel Assistant},
  booktitle = {Proceedings, User Modeling '97},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Available at
  	http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/hanks/Papers/index.html.},
  missinginfo = {Title may not be accurate. editor pages,
  	organization, address},
  topic = {preference-elicitation;}  
  } 

@book{ lindsay-norman:1972a,
  author = {Peter H. Lindsay and Donald A. Norman},
  title = {Human Information Processing; An Introduction to Psychology},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1972},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0124509509},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ lindsay:1988a1,
  author = {Robert Lindsay},
  title = {Imagery and Inference},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {229--250},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: lindsay:1988a2},
  topic = {diagrams;cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lindsay:1988a2,
  author = {Robert K. Lindsay},
  title = {Imagery and Inference},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {111--135},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of: lindsay:1988a1},
  topic = {diagrams;cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ lindsay-etal:1993a,
  author = {Robert K. Lindsay and Bruce G. Buchanan and Edward A.
  	Feigenbaum and Joshua Lederberg},
  title = {{DENDRAL}: A Case Study of the First Expert System for
  	Scientific Hypothesis Formation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {209--261},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The DENDRAL Project was one of the first large-scale programs to
     embody the strategy of using detailed, task-specific knowledge
     about a problem domain as a source of heuristics, and to seek
     generality through automating the acquisition of such knowledge.
     This paper summarizes the major conceptual contributions and
     accomplishments of that project.  It is an attempt to distill
     from this research the lessons that are of importance to
     artificial intelligence research and to provide a record of the
     final status of two decades of work.  } ,
  topic = {expert-systems;scientific-reasoning;computer-assisted-science;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lindstrom-rabinowicz:1991a,
  author = {Sten Lindstrom and Wlodzimierz Rabinowicz},
  title = {Belief Revision, Epistemic Conditionals, and the {R}amsey
  	Test},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Theory Change},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Michael Morreau},
  pages = {93--126},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {belief-revision;cccp;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ lindstrom:2001a,
  author = {Per Lindstr\"om},
  title = {Penrose's New Argument},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {241--250},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;goedels-first-theorem;
  	goedels-second-theorem;philosophy-of-computation;}  
  } 

@article{ lindstrom_s-rabinowicz_w1:1989a,
  author = {Sten Lindstrom and Wlodzimierz Rabinowicz},
  title = {On Probabilistic Representation of Non-Probabilistic
  	Belief Revision},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {69--101},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ lindstrom_s-rabinowicz_w1:1992a,
  author = {Sten Lindstrom and Wlodzimierz Rabinowicz},
  title = {Belief Revision, Epistemic Conditionals and the {R}amsey
  	Test},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {91},
  pages = {195--237},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;cccp;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lindstrom_s-rabinowicz:1995a,
  author = {Sten Lindstr\"om and Wlodzimierz Rabinowicz},
  title = {The {R}amsey Test Revisited},
  booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig},
  pages = {147--191},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;CCCP;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lindstrom_s:1996a,
  author = {Sten Lindstrom},
  title = {The {R}amsey Test and the Indexicality of Conditionals:
  	A Proposed Resolution of {G}\"ardenfors' Paradox},
  booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in
  	Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott},
  pages = {208--228},
  address = {Berlin},
  contentnote = {This is about the qualitative version of the
  	CCCP.},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;indexicality;context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lindstrom_s-rabinowicz:1998a,
  author = {Sten Lindstr\"om and Wlodek Rabinowicz},
  title = {Conditionals and the {R}amsey Test},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 3:  Belief Change},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  pages = {147--188},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;CCCP;}  
  } 

@article{ linebarger:1987a,
  author = {Marcia C. Linebarger},
  title = {Negative Polarity and Grammatical Representation},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {325--387},
  topic = {polarity;syntax-semantics-interface;}  
  } 

@article{ lingard-richards:1998a,
  author = {A.R. Lingard and E.B. Richards},
  title = {Planning Parallel Actions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {99},
  number = {2},
  pages = {261--324},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {planning;temporal-reasoning;concurrent-actions;}  
  } 

@book{ lingis:1998a,
  author = {Alphonso Lingis},
  title = {The Imperative},
  publisher = {Inidana University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Bloomington},
  topic = {imperatives;}  
 } 

@article{ linhares:2000a,
  author = {Alexandre Linhares},
  title = {A Glimpse at the Metaphysics of {B}ongard Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {121},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {251--270},
  topic = {visual-reasoning;philosophical-realism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ link:1983a,
  author = {Godehard Link},
  title = {The Logical Analysis of Plurals and Mass Terms: A
  	Lattice-Theoretical Approach},
  booktitle = {Meaning, Use, and Interpretation of Language},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Christoph Schwarze and Arnim von
  	Stechow},
  pages = {302--323},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nl-semantics;mass-term-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ link:1984a,
  author = {Godehard Link},
  title = {Hydras: On the Logic of Relative Clause Constructions
  	With Multiple Heads},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {245--257},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;}  
  } 

@incollection{ link:1987a,
  author = {Godehard Link},
  title = {Algebraic Semantics of Event Structures},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth {A}msterdam Colloquium April
  	13--16 1987},
  publisher = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information,
    University of Amsterdam},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof and Frank Veltman},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {tense-aspect;events;}  
  } 

@incollection{ link:1991a,
  author = {Godehard Link},
  title = {Plural},
  booktitle = {Semantik/Semantics: an International Handbook
  	of Contemporary Research},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Dieter Wunderlich and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;}  
  } 

@incollection{ link:1995a,
  author = {Godehard Link},
  title = {Generic Information and Dependent Generics},
  booktitle = {The Generic Book},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  pages = {358--382},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1.  Krifka, Pelletier, Carlson, ter Meulen, Chierchia, Link,
		"Genericity: an Introduction"
	2.  Kratzer, "Stage-Level and Individual-Level Predicates"
	3.  Chierchia, "Individual-Level Predicates as Inherent Generics"
	4.  Carlson, "Truth Conditions of Generic Sentences: Two Contrasting
		Views"
	5.  Krifka, "Focus and the Interpretation of Generic Sentences"
	6.  Rooth, "Indefinites, Adverbs of Quantification, and Focus
		Semantics"
	7.  Asher and Morreau, "What Some Generic Sentences Mean"
	8.  Alice ter Meulen, "Semantic Constraints on Type-Shifting"
	9.  Link, "Generic Information and Dependent Generics"
	10. Wilkinson, "The Semantics of the Common Noun `Kind'"
	11. Krifka, "Common Nouns: A Contrastive Analysis of English
		and Chinese"
	12. Dahl, "The Marking of the Episodic/Generic Distinction in
		Tense-Aspect Systems"
   } ,
  topic = {generics;}  
  } 

@book{ link:1997a,
  author = {Godehard Link},
  title = {Algebraic Semantics in Language and Philosophy},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {1575860902},
  topic = {nl-semantics;mass-term-semantics;plural;generics;}  
 } 

@article{ linke-schaub:2000a,
  author = {Thomas Linke and Torsten Schaub},
  title = {Alternative Foundations for {R}eiter's Default Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {124},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31--86},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ linsky:1952a,
  editor = {Leonard Linsky},
  title = {Semantics and the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Illinois Press},
  year = {1952},
  address = {Urbana, Illinois},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ linsky:1967a,
  author = {Leonard Linsky},
  title = {Referring},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1967},
  address = {London},
  topic = {reference;analytic-philosophy;philosophical-ontology;}  
 } 

@book{ linsky:1971a,
  editor = {Leonard Linsky},
  title = {Reference and Modality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. W.V.O. Quine, "Reference and Modality"
     2. A.F. Smullyan, "Modality and Description"
     3. R.B Marcus, "Extensionality"
     4. D. F{\o}llesdal, "Quantification into Causal Contexts"
     5. S.A. Kripke, "Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic"
     6. T. Parsons, "Essentialism and Quantified Modal Logic"
     7. L. Linsky, "Reference, Essentialism, and Modality"
     8. W. V. O. Quine, "Quantifiers and Propositional Attitudes"
     9. D. Kaplan, "Quantifying in"
     10. J. Hintikka, "Semantics for propositional attitudes"
     11. A. Church, "On {C}arnap's Analysis of Statements of Assertion
     		and Belief"
    } ,
  ISBN = {019875017X},
  topic = {modal-logic;intensionality;quantifying-in-modality;}  
 } 

@incollection{ linsky:1972a,
  author = {Leonard Linsky},
  title = {Analytic/Synthetic and Semantic Theory},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {473--482},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {analyticity;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ linsky:1977a,
  author = {Leonard Linsky},
  title = {Names and Descriptions},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0226484416},
  topic = {proper-names;definite-descriptions;reference;}  
 } 

@book{ linsky:1980a,
  author = {Leonard Linsky},
  title = {Referring},
  publisher = {Humanities Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0391017462},
  topic = {reference;analytic-philosophy;definite-descriptions;}  
 } 

@book{ linsky:1983a,
  author = {Leonard Linsky},
  title = {Oblique Contexts},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0226484394},
  topic = {intensionality;}  
 } 

@article{ liou-tai:2000a,
  author = {Cheng-Yuan Liou and Wen-Pin Tai},
  title = {Conformity to the Self-Organization Network},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {116},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {265--286},
  topic = {pattern-recognition;self-organization-network;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lipman:1989a,
 author = {Barton L. Lipman},
 title = {How to Decide How to Decide How to $\ldots$:
		Limited Rationality in Decisions and Games},
 booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Symposium on {AI} and Limited
 	Rationality},
 year = {1989},
 pages = {77--80},
 organization = {AAAI},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
 month = {March},
 topic = {limited-rationality;decision-theory;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ lipman:1990a,
  author = {Barton L. Lipman},
  title = {On the Strategic Advantages of a Lack of Common Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {209--224},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {mutual-belief;game-theory;foundations-of-game-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lipman:1994a,
  author = {Barton L. Lipman},
  title = {An Axiomatic Approach to the Logical Omniscience Problem},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {182--196},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ lipton:1991a,
  author = {Peter Lipton},
  title = {Inference to the Best Explanation},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1991},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Review: vogel_j:1993a},
  topic = {abduction;explanation;philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@article{ lismont-mongin:1994a,
  author = {Luc Lismont and Philippe Mongin},
  title = {A Non-Minimal But Very Weak Axiomatization of Common
  	Belief},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {70},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {363--374},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The paper introduces a modal logic system of individual and
     common belief which is shown to be sound and complete with
     respect to a version of Neighbourhood semantics. This
     axiomatization of common belief is the weakest of all those
     currently available: it dispenses with even the Monotonicity
     rule of individual belief. It is non-minimal in that it does not
     use just the Equivalence rule but the conjunction of the latter
     with the specially devised rule of C-Restricted Monotonicity.},
  topic = {modal-logic;epistemic-logic;neighborhood-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ lismont:1995a,
  author = {Luc Lismont},
  title = {Common Knowledge: Relating Anti-Founded Situation Semantics
  	to Modal Logic Neighbourhood Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {285--302},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {mutual-beliefs;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ liston:1999a,
  author = {Michael Liston},
  title = {Review of {\it What is Mathematics, Really}, by
  	{R}euben {H}irsch},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {66},
  number = {3},
  pages = {501--502},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ litman-allen_jf:1984a,
  author = {Diane Litman and James Allen},
  title = {A Plan Recognition Model for Clarification Subdialogues},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Rochester},
  number = {141},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Rochester, NY},
  topic = {plan-recognition;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ litman:1985a,
  author = {Diane Litman},
  title = {Plan Recognition and Discourse Analysis},
  school = {Computer Science Department, University of Rochester},
  year = {1985},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Rochester, New York},
  topic = {plan-recognition;discourse;nl-interpretation;
  	pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ litman-allen_jf:1990a,
  author = {Diane J. Litman and James F. Allen},
  title = {Discourse Planning and Commonsense Plans},
  booktitle = {Intentions in Communication},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Philip Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack},
  pages = {366--388},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {discourse;plan-recognition;discourse-planning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ litman-hirschberg:1990a,
  author = {Diane Litman and Julia Hirschberg},
  title = {Disambiguating Cue Phrases in Text and Speech},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, AT\&T Bell Laboratories.},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ litman:1992a,
  author = {Diane Litman},
  title = {Integrating {DL} and Plan-Based Paradigms},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {49--52},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ litman:1993a,
  author = {Diane Litman},
  title = {{CLASP}: {CLA}ssification of {S}cenarios and {P}lans
  	User's Guide},
  year = {1998},
  month = {April},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, AT\&T Bell Laboratories.},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ litman-etal:1999a,
  author = {Diane J. Litman and Marilyn A. Walker and Michael
  		S. Kearns},
  title = {Acquiring Knowledge of System Performance for Spoken
  		Dialogue},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jan Alexandersson},
  pages = {73--80},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;spoken-dialogue-systems;
  	nlp-evaluation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ litman-etal:2000a,
  author = {Diane Litman and Satinder Singh and Michael Kearns and
     		Marilyn Walker},
  title = {{NJFun}: A Reinforcement Spoken Dialogue System},
  booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Candace Sidner et al.},
  pages = {17--20},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ little:1995a,
  editor = {Daniel Little},
  title = {On the Reliability of Economic Models: Essays in the
                   Philosophy of Economics},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophy-of-economics;}  
 } 

@article{ littman-mey:1991a,
  author = {D.C. Littman and J.L. Mey},
  title = {The Nature of Irony: Toward a Computational Theory of Irony},
  journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {131--151},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st names},
  topic = {irony;}  
  } 

@article{ littman-etal:2002a,
  author = {Michael L. Littman and Greg A. Keim and Noam Shazeer},
  title = {A Probabilistic Approach to Solving Crossword Puzzles},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {134},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {23--55},
  topic = {crossword-puzzles;probabilistic-reasoning;} 
  } 

@article{ liu-williams_ma:2001a,
  author = {Wei Liu and Mary-Anne Williams},
  title = {A Framework for Multi-Agent Belief Revision},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {2},
  pages = {291--312},
  topic = {belief-revision;artificial-societies;}  
  } 

@article{ liu_jm:1998a,
  author = {Jiming Liu},
  title = {A Method of Spatial Reasoning Based on Qualitative
		Trigonometry},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {98},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {137--168},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;qualitative-geometry;qualitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ liu_jm-etal:2002a,
  author = {Jiming Liu and Han Jing and Y.Y. Tang},
  title = {Multi-Agent Oriented Constraint Satisfaction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {136},
  number = {1},
  pages = {101--144},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;multiagent-systems;} 
  } 

@article{ liu_w-williams_ma:2001a,
  author = {Wei Liu and Mary-Ann Williams},
  title = {A Framework for Multi-Agent Belief Revision},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {2},
  pages = {291--312},
  topic = {belief-revision;multiagent-epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ livingston:2000a,
  author = {Erin Livingston},
  title = {Review of {\it The Is-Ought Problem: An Investigation in
  	Philosophical Logic}, by {G}eorge {S}churtz},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {3},
  pages = {432--434},
  xref = {Review of schurtz_g1:1997a.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;Hume;}  
  } 

@book{ lloyd_ger:1999a,
  author = {G.E.R. Lloyd},
  title = {Aristotelian Explanations},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052155619-8},
  topic = {Aristotle;}  
 } 

@incollection{ loar:1976a,
  author = {Brian Loar},
  title = {Two Theories of Meaning},
  booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell},
  pages = {138--161},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {davidson-semantics;speaker-meaning;convention;
  	philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ loar:1980a,
  author = {Brian Loar},
  title = {Ramsey's Theory of Belief and Truth},
  booktitle = {Prospects for Pragmatism},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1980},
  editor = {D.H.  Mellor},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {F.P.Ramsey;belief;truth;}  
  } 

@book{ loar:1981a,
  author = {Brian Loar},
  title = {Mind and Meaning},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@article{ loar:1982a,
  author = {Brian Loar},
  title = {Conceptual Role and Truth Conditions},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {272--283},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ loar:1994a,
  author = {Brian Loar},
  title = {Self-Interpretation and the Constitution of
		Reference},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {51--74},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {internalism/externalism;reference;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lobner:1986a,
  author = {Sebastian L\"obner},
  title = {Quantification as a Major Module of Natural Language},
  booktitle = {Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of
                   Generalized Quantifiers},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof},
  pages = {53--85},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ lobner:1989a,
  author = {Sebstian L\"obner},
  title = {German `Schon'-`Erst'-`Noch':  An Integrated Analysis},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {167--212},
  topic = {tense-aspect;German-language;`already';`still';}  
  } 

@article{ lobner:1999a,
  author = {Sebastian L\"obner},
  title = {Why {G}erman Schon and Noch are Still Duals: A Reply to
  	van der {A}uwera},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {45--107},
  xref = {Reply to vanderauwera:1993a.},
  topic = {`already';`still';tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@article{ lobner:2000a,
  author = {Sebastian L\"obner},
  title = {Polarity in Natural Language Predication, Quantification
  	and Negation in Particular and Characterizing Sentences},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {213--308},
  topic = {negation;polarity;plural;generics;}  
  } 

@book{ lobo-etal:1992a,
  author = {Jorge Lobo and Jack Minker and Arcot Rajasekar},
  title = {Foundations of Disjunctive Logic Programming},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262121654},
  topic = {disjunctive-logic-programming;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ lobo-uzcategui:1996a,
  author = {Jorge Lobo and Carlos Uzc/'ategui},
  title = {Abductive Consequence Relations},
  booktitle = {Working Papers: Common Sense '96},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Tom Costello},
  pages = {104--113},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University},
  address = {Stanford University},
  note = {Consult http://www-formal.Stanford.edu/tjc/96FCS.},
  xref = {See lobo-uzcategui:1997a for journal publication.},
  topic = {abduction;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ lobo-uzcategui:1996b,
  author = {Jorge Lobo and Carlos Uzc/'ategui},
  title = {Abductive Change Operators},
  journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Forthcoming.},
  contentnote = {Idea is to provide a theory of revising beliefs on
  	things abduced to explain evidence.},
  topic = {abduction;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ lobo-uzcategui:1997a,
  author = {Jorge Lobo and Carlos Uzc/'ategui},
  title = {Abductive Consequence Relations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {89},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {149--171},
  xref = {See lobo-uzcategui:1996a for prepublication.},
  topic = {belief-revision;abduction;}  
  } 

@book{ locascio-vet:1986a,
  editor = {Vinzenzo Lo Cascio and Co Vet},
  title = {Temporal Structure in Sentence and Discourse},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1.  Renate Bartsch , "On Aspectual Properties of {D}utch and
     		{G}erman Nominalizations"
     2.  Pier Marco Bertinetto, "Intrinsic and Extrinsic Temporal
     		References"
     3.  Christian Rohrer, "Indirect Discourse and 'Consecutio
     		Temporum'\,"
     4.  Bob Rigter, "Focus Matters"
     5.  Co Vet and Arie Molendijk, "The Discourse Functions of the
     		Past Tenses of {F}rench "
     6.  Frans Houweling, "Deictic and Anaphoric Tense Morphemes"
     7.  Vincenzo Lo Cascio, "Temporal Deixis and Anaphor in
     		Sentence and Text"
     8.  Vincenzo Lo Cascio and Christian Rohrer, "Interaction
     		between Verbal Tenses and Temporal Adverbs in Complex
		Sentences"
     9.  Mascia Adelaar and Vincenzo Lo Cascio, "Temporal Relation,
     		Localization and Direction in Discourse"
  } ,
  xref = {Review: hinrichs:1989a.},
  ISBN = {9067651354, 9067651362 (pbk.)},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ lochbaum-sidner_cl:1990a,
  author = {Karen E. Lochbaum and Candice L. Sidner},
  title = {Models of Plans to Support Communication: An Initial
  	Report},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  pages = {485--490},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {sharedplans;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ lochbaum:1992a,
  author = {Karen E. Lochbaum},
  title = {A Collaborative Planning Approach to Discourse
		Understanding},
  year = {1992},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript,Harvard University.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {sharedplans;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ lochbaum:1994a,
  author = {Karen E. Lochbaum},
  title = {Using Collaborative Plans to Model the Intentional
  	Structure of Discourse},
  school = {Harvard University},
  year = {1994},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation, Computer Science Department},
  address = {Cambridge, {MA}},
  topic = {sharedplans;discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ lochbaum:1995a,
  author = {Karen Lochbaum},
  title = {The Use of Knowledge Preconditions in Language Processing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1260--1266},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {sharedplans;}  
  } 

@article{ lochbaum:1998a,
  author = {Karen E. Lochbaum},
  title = {A Collaborative Planning Model of Intentional
		Structure},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {525--572},
  topic = {sharedplans;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ locke:1962a,
  author = {Don Locke},
  title = {Ifs and Cans Revisited},
  journal = {Philosophy},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {37},
  pages = {245--256},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conditionals;ability;JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@article{ locke:1976a,
  author = {Don Locke},
  title = {The `Can' of Being Able},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {1--20},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {ability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lockelt-etal:2002a,
  author = {Markus L\"ockelt and Tilman Becker and Norbert Pfleger
	and Jan Alexandersson},
  title = {Making Sense of Partial},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {101--107},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;ellipsis;} 
  } 

@book{ lockhead-pomerantz:1991a,
  editor = {Gregory R. Lockhead and James R. Pomerantz},
  title = {The Perception of Structure: Essays in Honor of {W}endell {R}.
    {G}arner},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  ISBN = {1557981256},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. James R. Pomerantz and Gregory R. Lockhead, "Perception of
     		Structure: An Overview"
     2. Stephen E. Palmer, "Goodness, Gestalt, Groups and {G}arner:
     		Local Symmetry Subgroups as a Theory of Figural
		Goodness"
     3. James E. Cutting, "Why Our Stimuli Look As They Do"
     4. Roger N. Shepard, "Integrality Versus Separability of
     		Stimulus Dimensions: From an Early Convergence of
		Evidence to a Proposed Theoretical Basis"
     5. Irving Biederman, H. John Hilton, and John E. Hummel,
     		"Pattern Goodness and Pattern Recognition"
     6. Sarah Hollingsworth Lisanby and Gregory R. Lockhead,
     	        "Subjective Randomness, Aesthetics, and Structure"
     7. Michael Kubovy and David Gilden, "Apparent Randomness Is Not
     		Always The Complement of Apparent Order"
     8. Howard E. Egeth and Toby Mordkoff, "Redundancy gain
     		Revisited: Evidence for Parallel Processing of
		Separable Dimensions"
     9. Robert G. Crowder, "Imagery and the Perception of Musical
     		Timbre"
    10. James D. St. James and Charles W. Eriksen, "Response
    		Competition Produces A `Fast Same Effect' in
		Same-Different Judgments"
    11. Donald Broadbent, "Early Selection, Late Selection, and the
    		Partitioning of Structure"
    12. Bryan E. Shepp, "Perception of Color: A Comparison
    		of Alternative Structural Organizations"
    13. James R. Pomerantz, "The Structure of Visual Configurations:
    		Stimulus Versus Subject Contributions"
    14. Donald S. Blough, "Perceptual Analysis in Pigeon Visual
    		Search"
    15. Donald A. Riley and Michael F.  Brown, "Representation of
    		Multidimensional Stimuli in Pigeons"
    16. George A. Miller, "Lexical Echoes of Perceptual Structure"
    17. Herbert H. Clark. "On the Influence of Response Uncertainty
    		and Task Structure on Retrieval from Lexical Memory"
    18. James H. Neely, "Words, the World, and Their Possibilities"
    19. Linda B. Smith, "Perceptual Structure and Developmental
    		Process"
    20. John Morton and Mark Johnson, "The Perception of Facial
    		Structure in Infancy"
    21.  Wendell R. Garner, "Afterword: A Final Commentary"
  } ,
  topic = {perceptual-psychology;pattern-recognition;}  
 } 

@article{ lockman-klapholtz:1980a,
  author = {Abraham Lockman and David Klapholz},
  title = {Toward a Procedural Model of Contextual Reference Resolution},
  journal = {Discourse Processes},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {25--71},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {discourse;anaphora;reference;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ loeb_le:1998a,
  author = {Louis E. Loeb},
  title = {Sextus, {D}escartes, {H}ume, and {P}eirce:  On
  	Securing Settled Doxastic States},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {32},
  number = {2},
  pages = {205--230},
  topic = {skepticism;}  
  } 

@article{ loeb_m:1955a,
  author = {M.H. L\"ob},
  title = {Solution to a Problem of {L}eon {H}enkin},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1955},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {115--118},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number.},
  topic = {goedels-second-theorem;semantic-reflection;}  
  } 

@incollection{ loeb_p:1973a,
  author = {P. Loeb},
  title = {A Nonstandard Representation of {B}orel Measures and
  	$\sigma$-Finite Measures},
  booktitle = {Victoria Symposium on Nonstandard Analysis},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {P. Loeb et al.},
  pages = {144--152},
  address = {Heidelberg},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editors},
  topic = {nonstandard-probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ loeb_p:1979a,
  author = {P.A. Loeb},
  title = {An Introduction to Nonstandard Analysis and Hyperfinite
  	Probability Theory},
  booktitle = {Probabilistic Analysis and Related Topics, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {A.T. Bharucha-Reid},
  pages = {105--142},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name.},
  topic = {nonstandard-probability;}  
  } 

@book{ loeckx-etal:1996a,
  author = {Jacques Loeckx and Hans-Dieter Ehrich and Markus Wolf},
  title = {Specification of Abstract Data Types},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Chichester},
  ISBN = {047195067X (alk. paper)},
  topic = {abstract-data-types;}  
 } 

@book{ loeve:1960a,
  author = {M. Lo\'eve},
  title = {Probability Theory},
  publisher = {Van Nostrand},
  year = {1960},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  contentnote = {According to spohn:1986a, Chapters 24, 25 have an account
  	of defining probabilities conditional on sigma-fields.  This
	Spohn says is the standard mathematics solution to
	0 probability conditions.},
  topic = {probability-theory;primitive-conditional-probability;}  
 } 

@article{ loewer:1976a,
  author = {Barry Loewer},
  title = {Counterfactuals with Disjunctive Antecedents},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {73},
  number = {1`6},
  pages = {531--537},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ loewer:1978a,
  author = {Barry Loewer},
  title = {Cotenability and Counterfactual Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {99--115},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ loewer-godby:1978a,
  author = {Barry Loewer and John W, {Godbey, Jr.}},
  title = {Representational Symbol Systems},
  journal = {Semiotica},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3/4},
  pages = {335},
  topic = {representation;}  
  } 

@article{ loewer-belzer:1983a,
  author = {Barry Loewer and Marvin Belzer},
  title = {Dyadic Deontic Detachment},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  volume = {54},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {295--318},
  topic = {deontic-logic;conditional-obligation;}  
    } 

@book{ loewer-rey:1991a,
  editor = {Barry Loewer and Georges Rey},
  title = {Meaning in Mind: {F}odor and His Critics},
  publisher = {Blackwell},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631171037 (cloth)},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Louise Antony and Joseph Levine, "The nomic and the robust"
	2. Lynne Rudder Baker, "Has content been naturalized?"
	3. Ned Block, "What narrow content is not"
	4. Daniel C. Dennett, "Granny's campaign for safe science"
	5. Paul A. Boghossian  / , "Naturalizing content"
	6. Michael Devitt, "Why Fodor can't have it both ways"
	7. Brian Loar, "Can we explain intentionality?"
       10. Robert J. Matthews, "Is there vindication through
       		representationalism?"
       11. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Speaking up for Darwin"
       12. John Perry and David Isreal, "Fodor and psychological
       		explanations"
       13. Stephen Schiffer, "Does mentalese have a compositional
       		semantics?"
       14. Paul Smolensky, "Connectionism, constituency, and the
       		language of thought"
       15. Robert Stalnaker, "How to do semantics for the language of
       		thought"
       16. Stephen P. Stich, "Narrow content meets fat syntax"
       17. Jerry A. Fodor, "Replies"
   } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@article{ loewer:2001a,
  author = {Barry Loewer},
  title = {Review of {\it Mind in a Physical World}, by {J}aegwon
  	{K}im},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {98},
  number = {6},
  pages = {315--329},
  xref = {Review of kim_jw:1998a.},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ loflin:1976a,
  author = {Marvin D. Loflin},
  title = {Black {E}nglish Deep Structure},
  booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Jessica R. Wirth},
  pages = {249--273},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {Black-English;nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@book{ logue:1995a,
  author = {James Logue},
  title = {Projective Probability},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lohrmann:1991a,
  author = {Gabriele Lohrmann},
  title = {An Evidential Reasoning Approach to the Classification of
  	Satellite Images},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {227--231},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {statistical-inference;computer-vision;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ lokhorst:1996a,
  author = {Gert-Jan C. Lokhorst},
  title = {Reasoning about Actions and Obligations in First-Order
  	Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {57},
  number = {1},
  pages = {221--237},
  topic = {deontic-logic;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ lokhorst:1999a,
  author = {Gert-Jan Lokhorst},
  title = {Geach's Deontic Quantifier},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {247--251},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lombard:1995a,
  author = {Lawrence Brian Lombard},
  title = {Sooner or Later},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {29},
  number = {3},
  pages = {343--359},
  topic = {events;}  
  } 

@article{ lombardi:2001a,
  author = {Giuseppe Lombardi},
  title = {How Comparative is Semantics?  A Unified Parametric 
  	Theory of Bare Nouns and Proper Names},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {335--369},
  topic = {universal-grammar;nl-semantics;indefiniteness;} 
  } 

@article{ london:1980a,
  author = {Philip London},
  title = {Review of {\it Artificial Intelligence Programming}, by
  	{E}ugene {C}harniak, {C}hristopher {R}iesbeck and
	{D}rew {M}cDermott},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {123--124},
  xref = {Review of charniak-etal:1980a.},
  topic = {AI-programming;AI-intro;}  
  } 

@book{ long-whitefield:1989a,
  editor = {J. Long and A. Whitefield},
  title = {Cognitive Ergonomics and Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521371791},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ longacre:1964a,
  author = {Robert E. Longacre},
  title = {Grammar Discovery Procedures: A Field Manual},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1964},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {linguistics-methodology;field-linguistics;} 
 } 

@book{ longacre:1976a,
  author = {Robert E. Longacre},
  title = {An Anatomy of Speech Notions},
  publisher = {Peter de Ridder Press},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Lisse},
  topic = {tagmemics;discourse-analysis;text-linguistics;discourse;
  	pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ longacre:1996a,
  author = {Robert E. Longacre},
  title = {The Grammar of Discourse},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1996},
  edition = {Second},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {tagmemics;discourse;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
} 

@techreport{ longo-moggi:1988a,
  author = {Giuseppe Longo and Eugenio Moggi},
  title = {Constructive Natural Deduction and its `Modest' Interpretation},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University},
  number = {CMU-CS-88-131},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {proof-theory;constructive-mathematics;} 
  } 

@article{ longuethiggins:1994a,
  author = {H. Christopher Longuet-Higgins},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and Musical Cognition},
  journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A:
  	Physical Sciences and Engineering},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {349},
  number = {1689},
  pages = {3--112},
  note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html},
  topic = {AI-and-music;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lonning:1984a,
  author = {Jan Tore L{\o}nning},
  title = {Mass Terms and Quantification},
  booktitle = {Report of an {O}slo Seminar in Logic and Linguistics},
  publisher = {Institute of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Jens Erik Fenstad and Jan Tore Langholm and Jan Tore L{\o}nning
	and Helle Frisak Sem},
  pages = {III.1--III.54},
  address = {Oslo},
  topic = {mass-term-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ lonning:1987a,
  author = {Jan Tore L{\o}nning},
  title = {Mass Terms and Quantification},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--52},
  topic = {mass-term-semantics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ lonning:1989a,
  author = {Jan Tore L{\o}nning},
  title = {Some Aspects of the Logic of Plural Noun Phrases},
  institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1989},
  number = {11},
  address = {Oslo, Norway},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;}  
  } 

@techreport{ lonning:1990a,
  author = {Jan Tore L{\o}nning},
  title = {Computational Semantics of Mass Terms},
  institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1990},
  number = {14},
  address = {Oslo, Norway},
  topic = {nl-semantics;mass-term-semantics;computational-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ lopezdemantaras-poole:1994a,
  editor = {R. Lopez de Mantaras and David Poole},
  title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence.  Proceedings of
  	the Tenth Conference (1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
 } 

@incollection{ loptson:1996a,
  author = {Peter Loptson},
  title = {Prior, {P}lantinga, Haecceity, and the Possible},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {419--435},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {reference;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@article{ lorenz_k:1973a,
  author = {Kuno Lorenz},
  title = {Rules Versus Theorems: A New Approach for Mediation Between
  	Intuitionistic and Two-Valued Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {352--369},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;dialogue-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ lorenz_s:1994a,
  author = {S. Lorenz},
  title = {A Tableau Prover for Domain Minimization},
  journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {375--390},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {theorem-proving;minimal-models;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lormand:1996a,
  author = {Eric Lormand},
  title = {The Holorobophobe's Dilemma},
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem
             in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn},
  pages = {61--88},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ lotka:1956a,
  author = {Alfred J. Lotka},
  title = {Elements of Mathematical Biology},
  publisher = {Dover Publications},
  year = {1956},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {mathematical-biology;}  
 } 

@book{ loucopoulos-karakostas:1995a,
  author = {Pericles Loucopoulos and Vassilios Karakostas},
  title = {System Requirements Engineering},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill Book Co.},
  year = {1995},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0077078438},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ loui:1986a,
  author = {Ronald Loui},
  title = {A Presumptive System of Defeasible Inheritance},
  year = {1986},
  month = {May},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ loui:1987a,
  author = {Ronald P. Loui},
  title = {Review of {\it Change in View}, by {G}. {H}arman},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {34},
  number = {1},
  pages = {119--124},
  xref = {Review of harman:1986a.},
  topic = {belief-revision;limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@article{ loui:1987b,
  author = {Ronald Loui},
  title = {Defeat Among Arguments: a System of Defeasible Inference},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {100---106},
  topic = {argumentation;nonmonotonic-logic;
  	argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;}  
 } 

@techreport{ loui:1987c,
  author = {Ronald Loui},
  title = {Theory and Computation of Uncertain Inference and Decision},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Rochester, New York},
  topic = {argumentation;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ loui:1988a,
  author = {Ronald P. Loui},
  title = {The Curse of {F}rege},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {355--359},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ loui:1988b,
  author = {Ronald P. Loui},
  title = {Defeat among the Arguments {II}: Renewal, Rebuttal,
  	and Referral},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Washington University.},
  topic = {argumentation;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ loui:1989a,
 author = {Ronald P. Loui},
 title = {Analogical Reasoning, Defeasible Reasoning, and the
 	Reference Class},
 booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
 year = {1989},
 editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
 pages = {256--265},
 publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
 address = {San Mateo, California},
 topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;statistical-inference;analogy;
 	analogical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ loui:1990a,
  author = {Ronald Loui},
  title = {Defeasible Specification of Utilities},
  booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson},
  pages = {345--359},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;decision-theory;qualitative-utility;}  
  } 

@incollection{ loui:1991a,
  author = {Ron Loui},
  title = {Ampliative Inference, Computation, and
                Dialectic},
  booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock},
  pages = {141--155},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ loui:1992a,
  author = {Ronald P. Loui},
  title = {Process and Policy:  Resource-Bounded Non-Demonstrative
  	Reasoning},
  year = {1992},
  note = {Unpublished MS, Department of Computer Science, Washington
  	University, St. Louis, MO 63130.},
  topic = {argumentation;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ loui:1996a,
  author = {Ronald P. Loui},
  title = {Back to the Scene of the Crime: Or,
         Who Survived the {Y}ale Shooting?},
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem
             in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn},
  pages = {89--98},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {Yale-shooting-problem;frame-problem;}  
  } 

@article{ loui:1998a,
  author = {Ronald P. Loui},
  title = {Review of {B}rian {C}. {S}mith's {\it On the Origin
  	of Objects}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {106},
  number = {2},
  pages = {353--358},
  xref = {Review of smith_bc:1996a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-computation;}  
  } 

@article{ loui:1999a,
  author = {Ronald P. Loui},
  title = {Review of {\it Logical Tools for Modeling Legal Argument:
  	A Study of Defeasible Reasoning in Law}, by {H}enry {P}rakken},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {64},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1840--1841},
  xref = {Review of: prakken:1997a.},
  topic = {logic-and-law;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ loveland:1991a,
  author = {Donald W. Loveland},
  title = {Near-Horn {Prolog} and Beyond},
  journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {1--26},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ loveland:1999a,
  author = {Donald W. Loveland},
  title = {Applications of Theorem Proving},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
	  topic = {theorem-proving;AI-applications;}  
  } 

@article{ lowe_b-welch:2001a,
  author = {Benedict Lowe and Philip D. Welch},
  title = {Set-Theoretic Absoluteness and the Revision Theory of
  	Truth},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {21--41},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;fixpoints;semantic-hierarchies;
  	arithmetic-hierarchy;}  
  } 

@article{ lowe_dj:1987a,
  author = {David G. Lowe},
  title = {Three-Dimensional Object Recognition from Single
  	Two-Dimensional Images},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {31},
  number = {3},
  pages = {355--395},
  topic = {three-D-reconstruction;}  
  } 

@article{ lowe_ej:1979a,
  author = {E. Jonathan Lowe},
  title = {Indicative and Counterfactual Conditionals},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {139--141},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ lowe_ej:1989a,
  author = {E. Jonathan Lowe},
  title = {Kinds of Being: A Study of Individuation, Identity, and
  	the Logic of Sortal Terms},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {063116703X},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;sortal-quantification;identity;} 
 } 

@article{ lowe_ej:1994a,
  author = {E. Jonathan Lowe},
  title = {Vague Identity and Quantum Indeterminacy},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {54},
  pages = {110--114},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lownie:1992a,
  author = {Timothy M. Lownie},
  title = {A Contraction Operator for Classical Propositional Logic},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {720--731},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ lozanoperez:1982a,
  author = {Tom\'as Lozano-P\'erez},
  title = {Robotics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {137--143},
  topic = {robotics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lozinskii:1989a,
  author = {Eliezer Lozinskii},
  title = {Plausible World Assumption},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {266--275},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ lu_zw:1989a,
  author = {Zhongwan Lu},
  title = {Mathematical Logic for Computer Science},
  publisher = {World Scientific},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Singapore},
  ISBN = {9971502518},
  topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ lu_zw:1998a,
  author = {Zhongwan Lu},
  title = {Mathematical Logic for Computer Science},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {World Scientific},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Singapore},
  ISBN = {981023091-5},
  xref = {Review: forster:2001a.},
  topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ lucas_jr:1961a,
  author = {John R. Lucas},
  title = {Minds, Machines, and G\"{o}del},
  journal = {Philosophy},
  year = {1961},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {112--127},
  missinginfo = {number.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-computation;goedels-first-theorem;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lucas_jr:1962a,
  author = {John R. Lucas},
  title = {Causation},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series},
  publisher = {Barnes and Noble},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {32--65},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@article{ lucas_jr:1968a,
  author = {John R. Lucas},
  title = {Satan Stultified: A Reply to {P}aul {B}enacerraf},
  journal = {The Monist},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1},
  pages = {145--158},
  contentnote = {Reply to benacerraf:1967a},
  topic = {philosophy-of-computation;}  
 } 

@article{ lucas_jr:1994a,
  author = {John R. Lucas},
  title = {A View of One's Own},
  journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A:
  	Physical Sciences and Engineering},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {349},
  number = {1689},
  pages = {147--152},
  note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;consciousness;}  
  } 

@article{ lucas_pjf:1998a,
  author = {Peter J.F. Lucas},
  title = {Analysis of Notions of Diagnosis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {295--343},
  contentnote = {This claims to provide a formal theory of
		diagnosis.},
  topic = {diagnosis;}  
  } 

@book{ luce-raiffa:1957a,
  author = {R. Duncan Luce and Howard Raiffa},
  title = {Games and Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1957},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-theory;game-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ luce:1967a,
  author = {R. Duncan Luce},
  title = {Sufficient Conditions for the Existence of a Finitely
  	Additive Probability Measure},
  journal = {Annals of Mathematics and Statistics},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {38},
  pages = {780--786},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;measurement-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ luce:1977a,
  author = {R. Duncan Luce},
  title = {Conjoint Measurement: A Brief Survey},
  booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  pages = {148--171},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;measurement-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ luck:1998a,
  author = {Michael Luck},
  title = {Review of {\em Elements of Machine Learning},
		by {P}at {L}angley},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {103--105},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ luckham-nilsson:1970a,
  author = {David Luckham and Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {Extracting Information from Resolution Proof Trees},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--54},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ luckin:1998a,
  author = {Rosemary Luckin},
  title = {Review of {\it Vygotsky and Cognitive Science: Language and
  	the Unification of the Social and Computational Mind}, by } ,
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {520--523},
  xref = {Review of: frawley:1997a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-language;
  	psychology-general;context;} 
  } 

@book{ lucy:1992a,
  author = {John A. Lucy},
  title = {Language Diversity and Thought},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {linguistic-relativity;}  
 } 

@book{ lucy:1996a,
  author = {John A. Lucy},
  title = {Grammatical Categories and Cognition},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {linguistic-relativity;}  
 } 

@article{ ludlow:1989a,
   author = {Peter Ludlow},
   title = {Implicit Comparison Classes},
   journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
   year = {1989},
   volume = {12},
   number = {4},
   pages = {519--533},
   topic = {nl-semantics;comparative-constructions;semantics-of-adjectives;}  
  } 

@article{ ludlow-neale:1991a1,
  author = {Peter Ludlow and Stephen Neale},
  title = {Indefinite Descriptions: In Defense of {R}ussell},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {171--202},
  xref = {Republication: ludlow-neale:1991a2.},
  topic = {indefiniteness;nl-quantification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ludlow-neale:1991a2,
  author = {Peter Ludlow and Stephen Neale},
  title = {Indefinite Descriptions: In Defense of {R}ussell},
  booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Peter Ludlow},
  pages = {523--555},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication: ludlow-neale:1991a1.},
  topic = {indefiniteness;nl-quantification;}  
  } 

@article{ ludlow:1996a,
  author = {Peter Ludlow},
  title = {The Logical Form of Determiners},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--69},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;nl-quantification;}  
  } 

@book{ ludlow:1996b,
  editor = {Peter Ludlow},
  title = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-62114-2},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Gottlob Frege, "The Thought: A Logical Inquiry", pp. 9--30
     2. Ludwig Wittgenstein, "Excerpt from {\it The Blue and Brown
     		Books}", pp. 31--47
     3. Willard V. Quine, "Translation and Meaning", pp. 49--57
     4. Paul Grice, "Utterer's Meaning and Intentions", pp. 59--88
     5. Donald Davidson, "Truth and Meaning", pp. 89--107
     6. Ernest LePore, "What Model-Theoretic Semantics Cannot
     		Do", pp. 109--128
     7. Michael Dummett, "What Is a Theory of Meaning?", pp. 129--155
     8. James Higginbotham, "Elucidations of Meaning", pp. 157--178
     9. Richard K. Larson and Gabriel Segal, "Knowledge of Meaning
    		and Theories of Truth", pp. 179--199
    10. Ludwig Wittgenstein, "Some Remarks on Logical
    		Form", pp. 209--215
    11. Donald Davidson, "The Logical Form of Action
    		Sentences", pp. 217--232
    12. Gareth Evans, "Semantic Structure and Logical Form", pp. 233--256
    13. Gilbert Harman, "Deep Structure as Logical Form", pp. 257--278
    14. Robert May, "Logical Form as a Level of Linguistic
    		Representation", pp. 281--315
    15. Bertrand Russell, "Descriptions", pp. 323--333
    16. Peter Strawson, "On Referring", pp. 335--359
    17. Keith Donnellan, "Reference and Definite
    		Descriptions", pp. 361--381
    18. Saul A. Kripke, "Speaker's Reference and Semantic
    		Reference", pp. 383--414
    19. Stephen Neale, "Context and Communication", pp. 415--474
    20. Janet Dean Fodor and Ivan A. Sag, "Referential and
    		Quantificational Indefinites", pp. 475--521
    21. Peter Ludlow and Stephen Neale, "Indefinite
    		Descriptions: In Defense of Russell", pp. 523--555
    22. Gottlob Frege, "On Sense and Reference", pp. 559--583
    23. John R. Searle, "Proper Names", pp. 585--592
    24. Tyler Burge, "Reference and Proper Names", pp. 593--608
    25. Saul A. Kripke, "Lecture II of {\em Naming and
    		Necessity}", pp. 609--634
    26. Gareth Evans, "The Causal Theory of Names", pp. 609--667
    27. Scott Weinstein, "Truth and Demonstratives", pp. 663--692
    28. David Kaplan, "Dthat", pp. 669--692
    29. John Perry, "Frege on Demonstratives", pp. 693--715
    30. Gareth Evans, "Understanding Demonstratives", pp. 717--744
    31. Martin Davies, "Individuation and the Semantics of
    		Demonstratives", pp. 745--767
    32. Rudolph Carnap, "The Method of Intension", pp. 779--791
    33. Israel Scheffler, "On Synonymy and Indirect
    		Discourse", pp. 793--800
    34. Willard V. Quine, "Vagaries of Reference", pp. 801--815
    35. Donald Davidson, "On Saying That", pp. 817--832
    36. Barbara Partee, "Opacity and Scope", pp. 833--853
    37. Stephen Schiffer, "Sententialist Theories of
    		Belief", pp. 855--873
    38. Saul A. Kripke, "A Puzzle about Belief", pp. 875--920
    39. Scott Soames, "Direct Reference, Propositional Attitudes,
    		and Semantic Content", pp. 921--962
    40. Mark Crimmins and John Perry, "The Prince and the Phone
    		Booth: Reporting Puzzling Beliefs", pp. 963--991
    41. Richard K. Larson and Peter Ludlow, "Interpreted Logical
    		Forms", pp. 993--1039
    42. Marcel den Dikken and Richard K. Larson and Peter
    		Ludlow, "Intensional `Transitive' Verbs and
		Concealed Complement Clauses", pp. 1041--1053
  } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@article{ ludlow:1997a,
  author = {Peter J. Ludlow},
  title = {Review of {\it Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification},
  	edited by {K}ees {van Deemter} and {S}tanley {P}eters},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {476--482},
  xref = {Review of vandeemter-peters:1996a.},
  topic = {ambiguity;polysemy;semantic-underspecification;}  
  } 

@book{ ludlow:1999a,
  author = {Peter J. Ludlow},
  title = {Semantics, Tense, and Time: An Essay in the Metaphysics of
  	Natural Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-12219-7},
  xref = {Review: markosian:2001a, bonomi:2002a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;metaphysics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ludwig-ray:1998a,
  author = {Kirk Ludwig and Georges Ray},
  title = {Semantics for Opaque Contexts},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {141--166},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;syntactic-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ luelsdorff:1998a,
  author = {Phillip A. Luelsdorff},
  title = {Questions of Modality},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2/3},
  pages = {157--184},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;modal-auxiliaries;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lukasiewicz_j:1967a,
  author = {Jan {\L}ukasiewicz},
  title = {On Determinism},
  booktitle = {Polish Loigc},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1967},
  editor = {Storrs McCall},
  pages = {19--39},
  address = {Oxford},
  title = {Jan {\L}ukasiewicz, Selected Writings},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1970},
  note = {Edited by Ludwik Borowski.},
  topic = {many-valued-logic;Polish-logic;tense-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lukasiewicz_t:1998a,
  author = {Thomas Lukasiewicz},
  title = {Probabilistic Deduction with Conditional Constraints
		over Basic Events},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {380--391},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;probabilistic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ lukasiewicz_w:1990a,
  author = {Witold Lukaszewicz},
  title = {Non-Monotonic Reasoning: Formalization of Commonsense
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0136244467},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;common-sense-reasoning;
  	common-sense-logicism;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ lukaszewicz_w:1985a,
  author = {Witold {\L}ukaszewicz},
  title = {Two Results on Default Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi},
  pages = {459--461},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ lukaszewicz_w-madalinskabugaj:1995a,
  author = {Witold {\L}ukaszewicz and Ewa Madali\'nska-Bugaj},
  title = {Reasoning about Action and Change Using {D}ijskstra's
  	Semantics for Programming Languages: Preliminary Report},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1950--1955},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {action-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ luo_xq-roukos:1996a,
  author = {Xiao-Qiang Luo and Salim Roukos},
  title = {An Iterative Algorithm to Build {C}hinese Language
  	Models},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {139--144},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {speech-recognition;statistical-nlp;Chinese-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ luo_zy-gammerman:1991a,
  author = {Zhiyuan Luo and Alex Gammerman},
  title = {{PRESS}---A Probabilistic Reasoning Expert System},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {232--237},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {causal-networks;expert-systems;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ luperfoy:1991a,
  author = {Susann Luperfoy},
  title = {Discourse Pegs: A Computational Analysis of
  	Context-Independent Referring Expressions},
  school = {Linguistics Department, University of Texas at Austin.},
  year = {1991},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Austin, Texs},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;discourse;discourse-referents
  	;anaphora;pragmatics;referring-expressions;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ luperfoy:1992a,
  author = {Susann Luperfoy},
  title = {The Semantics of Plural Indefinites in {E}nglish},
  year = {1991},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {plural;indefiniteness;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ luperfoy:1992b,
  author = {Susann Luperfoy},
  title = {The Representation of Multimodal User Interface
		Dialogues Using Discourse Pegs},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Henry S. Thompson},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;discourse;anaphora;
  	nl-interfaces;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ luperfoy:1997a,
  author = {Susann Luperfoy},
  title = {An Implementation of {DRT} and File Change Semantics
		for Interpretation of Total and Partial Anaphora},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Mitre Corporation},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {anaphora;discourse-representation-theory;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ luperfoy:2000a,
  editor = {Susann Luperfoy},
  title = {Automatic Spoken Dialog Systems},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
 } 

@article{ lurie:1999a,
  author = {Jacob Lurie},
  title = {Anti-Admissible Sets},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {64},
  number = {2},
  pages = {407--435},
  topic = {admissible-sets;}  
  } 

@article{ lustig:1995a,
  author = {Roger Lustig},
  title = {Review of {\it The Creative Mind: Myths and Mechanisms},
  	by {M}argaret {B}oden},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {79},
  number = {1},
  pages = {83--96},
  xref = {Review of boden:1990a.},
  topic = {creativity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lutz:2002a,
  author = {Carsten Lutz},
  title = {Adding Numbers to the {SHIQ} Description Logic---First
  	Results},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {191--202},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ lutzeier:1981a,
  author = {Peter R. Lutzeier},
  title = {Words and Worlds},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {75--106},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nl-semantics;possible-worlds;nl-modality;spatial-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ lycan:1970a,
  author = {William G. Lycan},
  title = {Transformational Grammar and the {R}ussell-{S}trawson Dispute},
  journal = {Metaphilosophy},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {335--337},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@article{ lycan:1970b,
  author = {William G. Lycan},
  title = {Hintikka and {M}oore's Paradox},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {9--14},
  topic = {Moore's-paradox;} 
  } 

@book{ lycan:1984a,
  author = {William G. Lycan},
  title = {Logical Form in Natural Language},
  publisher = {{MIT} Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  contentnote = {TC:  I.    Semantics
                           Meaning and Truth
                           T-sentences
  		II.   Pragmatics
                           The parameters of truth
                           Implicative relations and "presupposition"
                           Three influential errors
                           Lexical presumption
                           the performadox
                           Indirect force
                           Truth and the Lebenswelt
		III.  Psychology
                           Semantics and indeterminacy
                           Psychological reality
                           "Meaning"
                           Non-truth-functional sentence operators
		},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;pragmatics;speech-acts;
  	presupposition;psychological-reality;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lycan:1984b,
  author = {William G. Lycan},
  title = {A Syntactically Motivated Theory of Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {437--455},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ lycan:1985a,
  author = {William G. Lycan},
  title = {In Defense of the Necessity of Identity},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {82},
  number = {10},
  pages = {572--574},
  topic = {identity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lycan:1987a,
  author = {William G. Lycan},
  title = {Semantic Competence and Truth Conditions},
  booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Ernest LePore},
  pages = {143--155},
  address = {London},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ lycan:1987b,
  author = {William G. Lycan},
  title = {Consciousness},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {consciousness;}  
 } 

@article{ lycan:1987c,
  author = {William G. Lycan},
  title = {The Myth of the `Projection Problem for Presupposition'\, } ,
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {169--175},
  topic = {presupposition;}  
  } 

@article{ lycan:1988a,
  author = {William E. Lycan},
  title = {Review of {\it Portraying Analogy}, by {J}.{F}. {R}oss},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {107--124},
  xref = {Review of ross_jf:1981a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;analogy;metaphor;}  
  } 

@article{ lycan:1991a,
  author = {William G. Lycan},
  title = {`{E}ven' and `Even If'},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {115--150},
  topic = {`even';sentence-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ lycan:1993a,
  author = {William G. Lycan},
  title = {Review of {\it Consciousness Explained},
  	by {D}aniel {D}ennett},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {102},
  number = {3},
  pages = {424--429},
  xref = {Review of dennett:1991a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;consciousness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lycan:1993b,
  author = {William G. Lycan},
  title = {{MPP}, Rip},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {411--428},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {conditionals;CCCP;}  
  } 

@book{ lycan:1996a,
  author = {William G. Lycan},
  title = {Consciousness and Experoence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {consciousness;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lycan:1998a,
  author = {William G. Lycan},
  title = {In Defense of the Representational
    		Theory of Qualia (Replies to {N}eander,
		{R}ey, and {T}ye},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {479--487},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mental-representations;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lynch_c:1998a,
  author = {Christopher Lynch},
  title = {The Unification Problem for One Relation {T}hue Systems},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {195--208},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {unification;word-problems;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ lynch_c-scharff:1998a,
  author = {Christopher Lynch and Christelle Scharff},
  title = {Basic Completion with E-Cycle Simplification},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {209--221},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {theorem-proving;unification;}  
  } 

@article{ lynch_na-fischer:1981a,
  author = {N.A. Lynch and M.J. Fischer},
  title = {On Describing the Behavior and Implementation of Distributed
  	Systems},
  journal = {Theoretical Computer Science},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {17--43},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ lynch_na-tuttle:1989a,
  author = {N.A. Lynch and M.R. Tuttle},
  title = {An Introduction to Input/Output Automata},
  journal = {{CWI} Quarterly},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {219--246},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@book{ lyons_d:1965a,
  author = {David Lyons},
  title = {Forms and Limits of Utilitarianism},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1965},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
    } 

@article{ lyons_dm-hendriks:1995a,
  author = {D.M. Lyons and A.J. Hendriks},
  title = {Exploiting Patterns of Interaction to Achieve Reactive
  	Behavior},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {73},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {117--148},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper introduces an approach that allows an agent to
     exploit inherent patterns of interaction in its environment,
     so-called dynamics, to achieve its objectives.  The approach
     extends the standard treatment of planning and (re)action in
     which part of the input to the plan generation algorithm is a
     set of basic actions and perhaps some domain axioms.  Real world
     actions are typically difficult to categorize consistently and
     are highly context dependent.  The approach presented here takes
     as input a procedural model of the agent's environment and
     produces as output a set of action descriptions that capture how
     the agent can exploit the dynamics in the environment.  An agent
     constructed with this approach can utilize context sensitive
     actions, ``servo'' style actions, and other intuitively efficient
     ways to manipulate its environment.  A process-algebra based
     representation, RS, is introduced to model the environment and
     the agent's reactions.  The paper demonstrates how to analyze an
     RS environment model so as to automatically generate a set of
     potentially useful dynamics and convert these to action
     descriptions.  The output action descriptions are designed to be
     input to an Interval Temporal Logic based planner.  A series of
     examples of reaction construction drawn from the kitting robot
     domain is worked through, and the prototype implementation of
     the approach described.  } ,
  topic = {planning;context;agent-environment-interaction;}  
  } 

@book{ lyons_j:1963a,
  author = {John Lyons},
  title = {Structural Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1963},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nl-semantics;sturctural-semantics;} 
 } 

@book{ lyons_j:1977a1,
  author = {John Lyons},
  title = {Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  contentnote = {TC:    1. Introduction
  			2. Communication and information
			3. Language as a semiotic system
			4. Semiotics
			5. Behaviourist semantics
			6. Logical Semantics
			7. Reference, sense, and denotation
			8. Structural semantics I: semantic fields
			9. Structural semantics II: sense relations
             } ,
  topic = {semantics-survey;structural-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ lyons_j:1977a2,
  author = {John Lyons},
  title = {Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {2},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  contentnote = {TC:    10. Semantics and grammar I
  			11. Semantics and grammar II
			12. Semantics and grammar III
			13. The lexicon
			14. Context, style and culture
			15. Deixis, space and time
			16. Mood and illocutionary force
			17. Modality
  } ,
  topic = {semantics-survey;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ lyons_j:1996a,
  author = {John Lyons},
  title = {Linguisitc Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: cresswell_mj:1979b.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ lyons_w:1995a,
  author = {William G. Lyons},
  title = {Approaches to Intentionality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: cresswell_mj:1979b.},
  ISBN = {0-19-875222-9 (paperback), 0-19-823526-7 (hardback)},
  topic = {intention;}  
 } 

@incollection{ lytinen:1992a,
  author = {Steven L. Lytinen},
  title = {Conceptual Dependency and Its Descendents},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {51--73},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Also published in Computers and Mathematics with Applications;
  	vol. 23; 1992;51--73},
  topic = {kr;conceptual-dependency;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ lytinen:1992b,
  author = {Steven L. Lytinen},
  title = {A Unification-Based, Integrated Natural Language
  	Processing System},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {403--418},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;nl-semantic-representation-formalisms;
  	unification;feature-structures;ill-formed-nl-input;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ma_jx-knight_b:1999a,
  author = {Jixin Ma and Brian Knight},
  title = {An Approach to the Frame Problem Based on Set
		Operations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
	Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Michael Thielscher},
  pages = {95--102},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {action-formalisms;frame-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ma_y-wilkins:1991a,
  author = {Yong Ma and David C. Wilkins},
  title = {Induction of Uncertain Rules and the Sociopathicity
  	Property},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {238--245},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {machine-learning;Dempster-Shafer-theory;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ maat:1999a,
  author = {Jaap Maat},
  title = {Philosophical Languages in the Seventeenth Century:
  	{D}algarno, {W}ilkins, {L}eibniz},
  school = {Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation,
  	University of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {artificial-languages;Leibniz;history-of-linguistics;
  	Seventeenth-Century-philosophy;}  
 } 

@book{ macaulay:1995a,
  author = {Linda Macaulay},
  title = {Human-Computer Interaction For Software Designers},
  publisher = {International Thomson Computer Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {1850321779 (pbk)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ maccaull:1998a,
  author = {Wendy MacCaull},
  title = {Relational Semantics and a Relational Proof System for
  	the full {L}ambek Calculus},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {63},
  number = {2},
  pages = {623--637},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;substructural-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ maccaull-orlowska:2002a,
  author = {Wendy Maccaull and Ewa Orlowska},
  title = {Correspondence Results for Relational Proof Systems with
  	Application to the {L}ambek Calculus},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {71},
  number = {3},
  pages = {389--414},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;} 
  } 

@incollection{ maccrimmon-wehrung:1977a,
  author = {Kenneth R. MacCrimmon and Donald A. Wehrung},
  title = {Trade-Off Analysis: The Indifference and Preferred
  	Proportions Approaches},
  booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  pages = {123--147},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@book{ macdonald_g-pettit:1981a,
  author = {Graham Macdonald and Philip Pettit},
  title = {Semantics and Social Science},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1981},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0710007833},
  topic = {philosophy-of-social-science;}  
 } 

@book{ macdonald_g-wright_c:1986a,
  editor = {Graham Macdonald and Crispin Wright},
  title = {Fact, Science, and Morality: Essays On {A.J.} {A}yer's
  	`{L}anguage, Truth, and Logic'},
  publisher = {Blackwell},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631145559},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@book{ macdonald_gf:1979a,
  editor = {G.F. Macdonald},
  title = {Perception and Identity: Essays Presented To {A.J.} {A}yer,
  	with His Replies to Them},
  publisher = {Macmillan},
  year = {1979},
  address = {London},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Michel Dummett, "Common Sense and Physics"
	2. Peter f. Strawson, "Perception and Its Objects"
	3. David Pears, "A Comparison between {A}yer's Views about
		the Privileges of Sense-Datum Statements and the
		Views of {R}ussell and {A}ustin"
	4. David M. Armstrong, "Perception, Sense Data, and Causality"
	5. Charles Taylor, "Sense Data Revisited"
	6. J.L. Mackie, "A Defence of Induction"
	7. David Wiggins, "Ayer on Monism, Pluralism, and Essence"
       10. J. Foster, "In Self-Defence"
       11. D. Wollheim, "Memory, Experiential Memory, and Personal Identity"
       12. Peter Unger, "I Do Not Exist"
       13. Williams, "Another Time, Another Place, Another Person"
       14. Steven K\"orner, "Ayer on Metaphysics"
       15. A.J. Ayer, "Replies"
   } ,
  ISBN = {0333271823},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@book{ macdonald_l-vince:1994a,
  editor = {Lindsay MacDonald and John Vince},
  title = {Interacting With Virtual Environments},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Chichester},
  ISBN = {0471939412},
  topic = {virtual-reality;HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ macdonell:1986a,
  author = {Diane MacDonell},
  title = {Theories of Discourse: An Introduction},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {Title is misleading.  This is about French
  	poststructuralism; e.g. Foucault.  Political overtones.},
  topic = {poststructuralism;}  
} 

@unpublished{ macfarlane:1999a,
  author = {John Macfarlane},
  title = {Frege, {K}ant, and the Logic in Logicism},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department,
  	University of Pittsburgh.},
  topic = {logicism;Kant;Frege;philosopy-of-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ macgregor_jn:1988a,
  author = {James N. MacGregor},
  title = {The Effects of Order on Learning Classifications
  	by Example: Heuristics for Finding the Optimal Order},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {34},
  number = {3},
  pages = {361--370},
  topic = {machine-learning;heuristics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ macgregor_rm:1988a,
  author = {Robert M. MacGregor},
  title = {A Deductive Pattern Matcher},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell},
  pages = {403--408},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;classifier-algorithms;automatic-classification;
  	taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ macgregor_rm:1992a,
  author = {Robert M. Macgregor},
  title = {What's Needed to Make a Description Logic a Good {KR} Citizen},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {53--55},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ macgregor_rm-brill:1992a,
  author = {Robert M. MacGregor and David Brill},
  title = {Recognition Algorithms for the {\sc loom} Classifier},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
  pages = {774--761},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;classifier-algorithms;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ macgregor_rm:1994a,
  author = {Robert M. MacGregor},
  title = {A Description Classifier for the Predicate Calculus},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
             Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf},
  pages = {213--222},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;classifier-algorithms;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ macgregor_rm:1996a,
  author = {Robert M. MacGregor},
  title = {Implementations and Research: Discussions at the Boundary
  	(Position Statement)},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {656--658},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;AI-implementations;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ machina_kf:1972a,
  author = {Kenton F. Machina},
  title = {Vague Predicates},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {225--233},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ machina_kf:1975a1,
  author = {Kenton F. Machina},
  title = {Truth, Belief, and Vagueness},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--78},
  xref = {Republication: machina_kf:1975a2.},
  topic = {vagueness;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ machina_kf:1975a2,
  author = {Kenton F. Machina},
  title = {Truth, Belief, and Vagueness},
  booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {174--203},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of machina_kf:1975a1.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ machina_m:1987a,
 author = {Mark J. Machina},
 title = {Choice Under Uncertainty: Problems Solved and Unsolved},
 journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
 year = {1987},
 volume = {1},
 number = {1},
 pages = {121--154},
 month = {Summer},
 topic = {decision-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ machina_m:1988a,
  author = {Mark J. Machina},
  title = {Generalized Expected Utility Analysis and the Nature of
  	Observed Violations of the Independence Axiom},
  booktitle = {Decision, Probability, Utility:  Selected Readings},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors and Nils-Eric Sahlin},
  pages = {215--239},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ machina_m:1989a,
 author = {Mark J. Machina},
 title = {Dynamic Consistency and Non-Expected Utility Models
		of Choice Under Uncertainty},
 journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
 year = {1989},
 volume = {XXVII},
 number = {4},
 pages = {1622--1668},
 month = {December},
 topic = {decision-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ machover:1995a,
  author = {Mosh\'e Machover},
  title = {Set theory, Logic and Their Limitations},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {logic-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ macintosh:1998a,
  author = {J.J. MacIntosh},
  title = {Aquinas and {O}ckham on Time, Predestination and the
  	Unexpected Examination},
  journal = {Franciscan Studies},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {55},
  pages = {181--220},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In this paper I outline and discuss the views of Aquinas and
     Ockham concerning time and predestination and indicate some of
     the tense logic theorems which, without anachronism, may be
     ascribed to Ockham. I then consider the development of Ockham's
     system due to Prior and Thomason, and show that an Ockhamist
     account of time as future branching, along with the associated
     Ockhamist modal theorems, provides a solution to the unexpected
     examination paradox, a solution which, unlike most resolutions
     of this puzzle, eschews epistemic considerations and offers a
     purely modal way out.},
  topic = {(in)determinism;surprise-examination-paradox;
  		scholastic-philosophy;}  
  } 

@book{ mackay_aa:1980a,
  author = {Arthur A. MacKay},
  title = {Arrow's Theorem: The Paradox of Social Choice},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {New Haven},
  topic = {Arrow's-theorem;social-choice-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ mackay_ae:1972a,
  author = {Alfred F. MacKay},
  title = {Professor {G}rice's Theory of Meaning},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {81},
  number = {321},
  pages = {57--66},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;Grice;} 
  } 

@phdthesis{ mackay_af:1966a,
  author = {Alfred F. MacKay},
  title = {Speech Acts},
  school = {University of North Carolina},
  year = {1966},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  missinginfo = {address},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ mackay_af-merrill_dd:1976a,
  editor = {Alfred F. Mackay and  Merrill},
  title = {Issues in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1976},
  address = {New Haven},
  xref = {Review: bigelow:1978b.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;hyperintensionality;}  
 } 

@book{ mackay_we:1990a,
  author = {Wendy E. Mackay},
  title = {Resources in Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {ACM Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0897913736},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ mackenzie:1978a,
  author = {J.D. Mackenzie},
  title = {Question-Begging in Non-Cumulative Systems},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {117--133},
  topic = {dialogue-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mackenzie:1984a,
  author = {Jim Mackenzie},
  title = {Confirmation of a Conjecture of {P}eter of {S}pain
  	Concerning Question-Begging Arguments},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {35--45},
  xref = {Commentary: wilson:1993a.},
  topic = {dialogue-logic;argumentation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mackie:1962a,
  author = {John L. Mackie},
  title = {Counterfactuals and Causal Laws},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series},
  publisher = {Barnes and Noble},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {66--80},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {causality;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ mackie:1965a,
  author = {John L. Mackie},
  title = {Causes and Conditions},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {245--255 and 261--264},
  missinginfo = {numbers},
  topic = {causality;conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ mackie:1974a,
  author = {John L. Mackie},
  title = {The Cement of the Universe: A Study in Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1974},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {causality;}  
 } 

@article{ mackie:1977a,
  author = {John L. Mackie},
  title = {Dispositions, Grounds, and Causes},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {34},
  pages = {361--370},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {dispositions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mackie:1979a,
  author = {John L. Mackie},
  title = {Mind, Brain, and Causation},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}:
  	Studies in Metaphysics},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {19--29},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mackintosh:1994a,
  author = {Nicholas Mackintosh},
  title = {Intelligence in Evolution},
  booktitle = {What is Intelligence?},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jean Khalfa},
  pages = {27--48},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {intelligence;evolution;}  
  } 

@article{ mackworth:1973a,
  author = {Alan K. Mackworth},
  title = {Interpreting Pictures of Polyhedral Scenes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {121--137},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A program that achieves the interpretation of line drawings as
     polyhedral scenes is described.  The method is based on general
     coherence rules that the surfaces and edges must satisfy,
     thereby avoiding the use of predetermined interpretations of
     particular categories of picture junctions and corners. } ,
  topic = {line-drawings;}  
  } 

@article{ mackworth:1977a,
  author = {Alan K. Mackworth},
  title = {Consistency in Networks of Relations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {99--118},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Artificial intelligence tasks which can be formulated as
     constraint satisfaction problems, with which this paper is for
     the most part concerned, are usually solved by backtracking. By
     examining the thrashing behavior that nearly always accompanies
     backtracking, identifying three of its causes and proposing
     remedies for them we are led to a class of algorithms which can
     profitably be used to eliminate local (node, arc and path)
     inconsistencies before any attempt is made to construct a
     complete solution. A more general paradigm for attacking these
     tasks is the alternation of constraint manipulation and case
     analysis producing an OR problem graph which may be searched in
     any of the usual ways.
      Many authors, particularly Montanari and Waltz, have
     contributed to the development of these ideas; a secondary aim
     of this paper is to trace that history. The primary aim is to
     provide an accessible, unified framework, within which to
     present the algorithms including a new path consistency
     algorithm, to discuss their relationships and the many
     applications, both realized and potential, of network
     consistency algorithms.},
  contentnote = {This appears to be the original arc inconsistency
  	paper.},
  xref = {Republication: macworth:1977a2.},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;AI-algorithms-analysis;
  	  arc-(in)consistency;}  
  } 

@article{ mackworth-freuder:1985a,
  author = {Alan K. Mackworth and Eugene C. Freuder},
  title = {The Complexity of Some Polynomial Network Consistency
  	Algorithms for Constraint Satisfaction Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--74},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ mackworth:1989a,
  author = {Alan K.  Mackworth},
  title = {Review of {\it Computation and Cognition: Toward a
  	Foundation of Cognitive Science}, by {Z}.{W}. {P}ylyshyn},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  pages = {239--240},
  xref = {Review of pylyshyn:1984a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;competence;philosophy-of-cogsci;
  	foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
  } 

@article{ mackworth-freuder:1993a,
  author = {Alan K. Mackworth and Eugene C. Freuder},
  title = {The Complexity of Constraint Satisfaction Revisited},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {57--62},
  xref = {Retrospective commentary on mackworth-freuder:1985a.},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ maclay:1971a,
  author = {Howard Maclay},
  title = {Overview},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {157--182},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-syntax;} 
  } 

@article{ macleod-schotch:2000a,
  author = {Mary C. MacLeod and Peter K. Schotch},
  title = {Remarks on the Modal Logic of {H}enry {B}radford
  	{S}mith},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {6},
  pages = {603--615},
  topic = {modal-logic;history-of-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ macnamara-reyes:1994a,
  editor = {John Macnamara and Gonzalo E. Reyes},
  title = {The Logical Foundations of Cognition},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
     I. Theoretical Orientation
  	1. John Macnamara and Gonzalo E. Reyes, "Introduction"
	2. John Macnamara, "Logic and Cognition"
	3. Hilary Putnam, "Logic and Psychology: Comment on
		'Logic and Cognition' "
	4. F. William Lawvere, "Tools for the Advancement of
		Objective Logic: Closed Categories and Toposes"
     II. Logic
	5. Fran\c{c}ois Magnan and Gonzalo E. Reyes, "Category Theory
		as a Conceptual Tool in the Study of Cognition"
	6. Marie La Palme Reyes, John Macnamara and Gonzalo E. Reyes,
		"Reference, Kinds and Predicates"
     III. Psychology
	7.John Macnamara and Gonzalo E. Reyes, "Foundational Issues
		in the Learning of Proper Names, Count Nouns and Mass
		Nouns"
       10.Alberto Peruzzi, "Prolegomena to a Theory of Kinds"
       11.D. Geoffrey Hall, "How Children Learn Common Nouns and Proper Names"
       12. Martin D.S. Braine, "Mental Logic and How to Discover It"
     IV. Linguistics
       13. Emmon Bach, "The Semantics of Syntactic Categories"
       14. Francis Jeffrey Pelletier, "Some Issues Involving Internal
       		and External Semantics"
     V. Intentionality
       15. F{\o}llesdal, "Husserl's Notion of Intentionality"
       16. Marie La Palme Reyes, "Referential Structure of Fictional Texts"
       17. Martin Hahn, "How Not to Draw the de re/de dicto Distinction"
       18. Philip P. Hanson, "Cognitive Content and Semantics:
       		Comment on `How Not to Draw the de re/de dicto
		Distinction'\,"
   } ,
  ISBN = {0-19-509215-5 (cloth), 0-19-509216-3 (paper)},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;logic-and-cognition;}  
 } 

@incollection{ macnish:1991a,
  author = {Craig MacNish},
  title = {Hierarchical Default Logic},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {246--253},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {default-logic;default-preferences;}  
  } 

@book{ macnish-etal:1994a,
  editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce},
  title = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings of {E}uropean
  	Workshop {JELIA} '94, {Y}ork, {UK}, September 5-8, 1994},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-540-58332-7 (Softcover)},
  topic = {logic-in-AI-survey;}  
 } 

@incollection{ macrae:1985a,
  author =  {C. Duncan MacRae},
  title = {Tax Problem Solving with an If-Then System},
  booktitle = {Computing Power and Legal Reasoning},
  publisher = {West Publishing Co.},
  editor = {Charles Walter},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {595--620},
  address = {Saint Paul, Minnesota},
  topic = {legal-reasoning;tax-law;}  
  } 

@incollection{ macrandal:1988a,
  author = {Damian MacRandal},
  title = {Semantic Networks},
  booktitle = {Approaches to Knowledge Representation: an Introduction},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {G.A. Ringland and D.A. Duce},
  chapter = {3},
  pages = {45--79},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ macworth:1977a2,
  author = {Alan Macworth},
  title = {Consistency in Networks of Relations},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {69--78},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: macworth:1977a1.},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;AI-algorithms-analysis;
  	  arc-(in)consistency;}  
  } 

@book{ maddix:1990a,
  author = {Frank Maddix},
  title = {Human-Computer Interaction: Theory and Practice},
  publisher = {New York},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0134462386},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ maddux:1998a,
  author = {Roger Maddux},
  title = {Review of {\em Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic},
  	edited by {M}aarten {M}arx and {L}\'azl\'o {P}\'olos and {M}ichael
	{M}asuch},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {333--336},
  topic = {arrow-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ maddy:1984a,
  author = {Penelope Maddy},
  title = {How the Causal Theorist Follows a Rule},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {457--477},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;rule-following;}  
  } 

@article{ maddy:1996a,
  author = {Penelope Maddy},
  title = {Set Theoretic Naturalism},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {490--514},
  topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@book{ maddy:1997a,
  author = {Penelope Maddy},
  title = {Naturalism in Mathematics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: balaguer:199a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;foundations-of-set-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ madsen-jensen_fv:1999a,
  author = {Anders L. Madsen and Finn V. Jensen},
  title = {{\sc Lazy} Progagation: A Junction Tree Inference
  	Algorithm Based on Lazy Evaluation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {113},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {203--245},
  topic = {bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@book{ magnani-etal:1999a,
  editor = {Lorenzo Magnani and Nancy J. Nersessian and Paul
  	Thagard},
  title = {Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0306462923},
  topic = {model-based-reasoning;scientific-discovery;
  	philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@article{ mahadevan-etal:1993a,
  author = {Sridhar Mahadevan and Tom M. Mitchell and Jack Mostow and
  	Lou Steinberg and Prasad V. Tadepalli},
  title = {An Apprentice-Based Approach to Knowledge Acquisition},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {64},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--52},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We explore here the feasibility of learning apprentice programs:
     interactive knowledge-based assistants that learn by observing
     and analyzing the problem-solving steps of their users. In
     particular, we describe a learning apprentice for digital
     circuit design, called LEAP.  LEAP learns feasible ways of
     decomposing circuit modules into submodules, as well as the
     recommended method when there are competing feasible
     decompositions.  VBL is an explanation-based learning technique
     used in LEAP to infer problem-reduction operators for
     decomposing circuit modules. PED is a general extension of
     explanation-based learning to incomplete domain theories
     containing determinations. PED is used in LEAP to learn control
     rules for ranking alternative decompositions as well as to
     extend LEAP's partial theory of circuit cost. An experimental
     study shows that by using this approach LEAP can learn a
     significant subset of a manually created knowledge base for
     boolean circuit design. The experimental study also reveals some
     limitations of LEAP, and more generally suggests directions for
     further research in building effective learning apprentice
     systems.
  } ,
  topic = {machine-learning;learning-apprentices;circuit-design;
  	explanation-based-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ mahanti-daniels:1993a,
  author = {Ambuj Mahanti and Charles J. Daniels},
  title = {A {SIMD} Approach to Parallel Heuristic Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {60},
  number = {2},
  pages = {243--282},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Serial search algorithms often exhibit exponential run times and
     may require an exponential amount of storage as well.  Thus, the
     design of parallel search algorithms with limited memory is of
     obvious interest.  This paper presents an efficient SIMD parallel
     algorithm, called IDPS (for iterative-deepening parallel
     search).  At a broad level IDPS is a parallel version of IDA*.
     While generically we have called our algorithm an IDPS,
     performance of four variants of it has been studied through
     experiments conducted on the well-known test-bed problem for
     search algorithms, namely the Fifteen Puzzle.  During the
     experiments, data were gathered under two different static load
     balancing schemes.  Under the first scheme, an unnormalized
     average efficiency of approximately 3/4 was obtained for 4K, 8K,
     and 16K processors.  Under the second scheme, unnormalized
     average efficiencies of 0.92 and 0.76, and normalized average
     efficiencies of 0.70 and 0.63 were obtained for 8K and 16K
     processors, respectively.  We show (as shown previously only for
     MIMD machines) that for admissible search, high average speedup
     can be obtained for problems of significant size.  We believe
     that this research will enhance AI problem solving using
     parallel heuristic search algorithms.  } ,
  topic = {heuristics;search;parallel-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ maher:1984a,
  author = {Patrick Maher},
  title = {Review of {\em The Enterprise of Knowledge}, by {I}saac
  	{L}evi},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {51},
  number = {4},
  pages = {690--692},
  xref = {Review of levi_i:1980a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;belief-revision;
  	probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ maher:1990a,
  author = {Patrick Maher},
  title = {Acceptance Without Belief},
  booktitle = {{PSA} 1990: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 1},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Arthur Fine and Micky Forbes and Linda Wessels},
  pages = {381--392},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  address = {East Lansing, Michigan},
  contentnote = {According to Harper,
  	it shows there are analogs of the lottery paradox for
	probabilistic theories that represent full belief as
	P(A) = 1.},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;probability-kinematics;belief;}  
  } 

@book{ maher:1993a,
  author = {Patrick Maher},
  title = {Betting on Theories},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {confirmation-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ maher:2002a,
  author = {Patrick Maher},
  title = {Joyce's Argument for Probabilism},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--81},
  xref = {Commentary on: joyce:1998a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;} 
  } 

@article{ maida-shapiro:1982a1,
  author = {Anthony S. Maida and Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {Intensional Concepts in Propositional Semantic Networks},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {291--330},
  xref = {Republished in Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque;
  	Readings in Knowledge Representation; 1995. See
  	maida-shapiro:1982a2.},
  topic = {kr;SNePS;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ maida-shapiro:1982a2,
  author = {Anthony S. Maida and Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {Intensional Concepts in Propositional Semantic Networks},
  booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  pages = {169--189},
  xref = {First published in Cognitive Science 6; 1982. See
  	maida-shapiro:1982a1.},
  topic = {kr;SNePS;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ maida-etal:1989a,
  author = {Anthony S. Maida and Jacques Wainer and Sehyeong Cho},
  title = {A Syntactic Approach to Introspection and Reasoning
  	about the Beliefs of Other Agents},
  journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {333--356},
  topic = {propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
 } 

@article{ maida:1991a,
  author = {Anthony S. Maida},
  title = {Maintaining Mental Models of Agents Who Have Existential
  	Misconceptions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {50},
  number = {3},
  pages = {331--383},
  topic = {agent-attitudes;reasoning-about-attitudes;agent-modeling;
  	(non)existence;}  
  } 

@incollection{ maida:1992a,
  author = {Anthony S. Maida},
  title = {Knowledge-Based Requirements for Description-Based
  	Communication},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {232--243},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ maienborn:1995a,
  author = {Claudia Maienborn},
  title = {Towards a Compositional Semantics for Locative
		Modifiers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {237--254},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;adverbs;locative-constructions;}  
  } 

@book{ maier-etal:1997a,
  editor = {Elisabeth Maier and Marion Mast and Susann LuperFoy},
  title = {Dialogue Processing in Spoken Language Systems: {Ecai}'96
  	Workshop,  {B}udapest, {H}ungary, August 13, 1996},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540631755 (softcover)},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Niels Ole Bernsen and  Laila Dybkj{\ae}r and Hans 
     		Dybkj{\ae}r, "User Errors in Spoken Human-Machine
		Dialogue"
     2. Nils Dahb\"ack, "Towards a Dialogue Taxonomy"
     3. Detlev Krause, "Using an Interpretation System: Some
     		Observations in Hidden Operator Simulations of
		{VERBMOBIL}"
     4. R.J. Van Vark and J.P.M. de Vreught and L.J.M. 
     		Rothkrantz, "Classification of Public Transport
		Information Dialogues Using an Information-Based
		Coding Scheme"
     5. Brigitte Grote et al, "Speech Production in Human-Machine
     		Dialogue: A Natural Language Generation Perspective"
     6. Alon Lavie et al, "Input Segmentation of Spontaneous Speech
     		in {JANUS}: A Speech-To-Speech Translation System"
     7. Mark Seligman and Junko Hosako and Harald Singer, "\'Pause
     		Units' and Analysis of Spontaneous {J}apanese
		Dialogues: Preliminary Studies"
     8. Bernd Tischer, "Syntactic procedures for the detection of
     		Self-Repairs in {G}erman Dialogues", pp. 
     9. David R. Traum and Peter A. Heeman, "Development Principles 
     		for Dialog-Based Interfaces"
    10. Alicia Abella and Michael K. Brown and Bruce 
    		Buntschuh, "Utterance Units in Spoken Dialogue"
    11. James Barnett and Mona Singh, "Designing a Portable Spoken
    		Dialogue System"
    12. Yan Qu et al, "Minimizing Cumulative Error in Discourse
    		Context"
    13. Masahiro Araki and Shuji Doshita, "Automatic Evaluation
    		Environment for Spoken Dialogue Systems"
    13. Donna Gates et al, "End-to-End Evaluation in {JANUS}: A
    		Speech-To-Speech Translation System"
    14. Teresa Sikorski and James F. Allen, "A Task-Based Evaluation
    		of the {TRAIN}-95 Dialogue System"
  } ,
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
 } 

@book{ maier_d-warren:1988a,
  author = {D. Maier and D.S. Warren},
  title = {Computing With Logic},
  publisher = {Benjamin/Cummings},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ maier_e:1996a,
  author = {Elizabeth Maier},
  title = {Context Construction as a Subtask of Dialogue Processing---the
  	{V}erbmobil Case},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th {T}wente Workshop on Language
  	Technology},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {113--122},
  organization = {University of Twente},
  address = {Entschede},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher},
  topic = {context;computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@book{ maier_e-etal:1997a,
  editor = {Elisabeth Maier and Marion Mast and Susann LuperFoy},
  title = {Dialogue Processing in Spoken Language Systems: Ecai'96},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540631755 (softcover: alk. paper)},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Niels Ole Bernsen and Laila Dybkj{\ae}r and Hans
		Dybkj{\ae}r, "User Errors in Spoken Human-Machine
		Dialogue"
	2. Nils Dahb\"ack, "Towards a Dialogue Taxonomy"
	3. Detlev Krause, "Using an Interpretation System: Some
		Observations in Hidden Operator Simulations of
		'VERBMOBIL'"
	4. R.J. Van Vark and J.P.M. de Vreught and L.J.M. Rothkrantz,
		"Classification of Public Transport Information
		Dialogues Using an Information-Based Coding Scheme"
	5. Brigitte Grote et al., "Speech Production in Human-Machine
		Dialogue: A Natural Language Generation Perspective"
	6. Alon Lavie et al., "Input Segmentation of Spontaneous
		Speech in {JANUS}: A Speech-to-Speech Translation System"
	7. Mark Seligman and Junko Hosako and Harald Singer, "\,'Pause
		Units' and Analysis of Spontaneous Japanese
		Dialogues: Preliminary Studies"
	8. Bernd Tischer and Mark Seligman and Junko Hosako and
		Harald Singer, "Syntactic Procedures for the Detection of
		Self-Repairs in {G}erman Dialogues"
       10. David R. Traum and Peter A. Heeman, "Utterance Units in
       		Spoken Dialogue"
       11. Alicia Abella and Michael K. Brown and Bruce Buntschuh,
       		"Development Principles for Dialog-Based Interfaces"
       12. James Barnett and Mona Singh, "Designing a Portable Spoken
       		Dialogue System"
       13. Yan Qu et al., "Minimizing Cumulative Error in
       		Discourse Context"
       14. Masahiro Araki and Shuji Doshita, "Automatic Evaluation
       		Environment for Spoken Dialogue Systems"
       15. Donna Gates et al., "End-to-End Evaluation in {JANUS}: A
       		Speech-to-Speech Translation System"
       15. Teresa Sikorski and James F. Allen, "A Task-Based Evaluation
       		of the {TRAIN}-95 Dialogue System"
   } ,
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
 } 

@incollection{ maier_e-etal:1997b,
  author = {Elizabeth Maier and Norbert Reithinger and Jan
	Alexandersson},
  title = {Clarification Dialogues as Measure
	to Increase Robustness in a Spoken Dialogue System},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {33--36},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;clarification-dialogues;}  
  } 

@incollection{ maiorano:1999a,
  author = {Sandra Harabagiu and Stephen Maiorano},
  title = {Knowledge-Lean Coreference Resolution and Its Relation to
  	Textual Cohesion and Coreference},
  booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and
  	Reference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu},
  pages = {29--38},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse-coherence;}  
  } 

@book{ maital:1982a,
  author = {Shlomo Maital},
  title = {Minds, Markets, and Money: Psychological Foundations of
    Economic Behavior},
  publisher = {Basic Books},
  year = {1982},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0465046231},
  topic = {behavioral-economics;}  
 } 

@book{ maital-maital:1984a,
  author = {Shlomo Maital and Sharone L. Maital},
  title = {Economic Games People Play},
  publisher = {Basic Books},
  year = {1984},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0465017894},
  topic = {behavioral-economics;game-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ maital_s-maital_sl:1993a,
  editor = {Shlomo Maital and Sharone L. Maital},
  title = {Economics and Psychology},
  publisher = {E. Elgar Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Aldershot, England},
  ISBN = {1852786930},
  topic = {microeconomics;psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ makinson:1965a,
  author = {David C. Makinson},
  title = {The Paradox of the Preface},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {25--27},  
  xref = {Discussion: hoffman_rc:1968a.},
  topic = {paradox-of-the-preface;} 
  } 

@article{ makinson:1966a,
  author = {David C. Makinson},
  title = {On Some Completeness Theorems in Modal Logic},
  journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur {M}athematische {L}ogik und
  	{G}rundlagen der {M}athematik},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {379--384},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@article{ makinson:1973a,
  author = {David C. Makinson},
  title = {A Warning about the Choice of Primitive Operators in
  	Modal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {193--196},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ makinson:1981a,
  author = {David C. Makinson},
  title = {Individual Actions Are Very Seldom Obligatory},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, UNESCO.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ makinson:1981b,
  author = {David C. Makinson},
  title = {Quantificational Reefs in Deontic Waters},
  booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Risto Hilpinen},
  pages = {87--91},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ makinson:1981c,
  author = {David C. Makinson},
  title = {Non-Equivalent Formulae in One Variable in a Strong
  	Omnitemporal Logic},
  journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur mathematische {L}ogik und {G}rundlagen
  	der {M}athematik},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {27},
  number = {8},
  pages = {111--112},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ makinson:1981d,
  author = {David C. Makinson},
  title = {Directly Skeptical Conclusions Cannot Capture
  	the Intersection of Extensions},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ makinson:1981e,
  author = {David C. Makinson},
  title = {Quantificational Reefs in Deontic Waters},
  booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Risto Hilpinen},
  pages = {87--91},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {deontic-logic;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@article{ makinson:1985a,
 author = {David C. Makinson},
 title = {How to Give It Up: A Survey of Some Formal Aspects
		of the Logic of Theory Change},
 journal = {Synt\`hese},
 year = {1985},
 volume = {62},
 pages = {347--363},
 topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ makinson:1986a,
  author = {David C. Makinson},
  title = {Stenius' Approach to Disjunctive Permission},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Unesco.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ makinson:1986b,
  author = {David C. Makinson},
  title = {On the Formal Representation of Rights Relations},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {15},
  number = {4},
  pages = {403--425},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ makinson:1987a,
 author = {David C. Makinson},
 title = {On the Status of the Postulate of Recovery in the Logic of
 	Theory Change},
 journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
 year = {1987},
 volume = {16},
 number = {4},
 pages = {383--394},
 topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@article{ makinson:1988a,
  author = {David C. Makinson},
  title = {Review of {\it {C}hange in View}, by {G}ilbert {H}arman},
  journal = {History and Philosophy of Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {113--115},
  xref = {Review of harman:1986a.},
  topic = {belief-revision;limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ makinson:1989a,
  author = {David C. Makinson},
  title = {General Theory of Cumulative Inference},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Workshop
		on Non-Monotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {Editor, pages},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ makinson-schlechta:1989a,
  author = {David C. Makinson and Karl Sclechta},
  title = {On Some Difficulties in the Theory of Defeasible
  	Inheritance Networks},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  xref = {This eventually developed into makinson-schlechta:1991a.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ makinson:1990a,
  author = {David C. Makinson},
  title = {The {G}\"ardenfors Impossibility Theorem in
  	Non-Monotonic Inference},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;update-conditionals;
  	nonmonotonic-reasoning;Ramsey-test;}  
  } 

@incollection{ makinson-gardenfors:1990a,
 author = {David C. Makinson and Peter G\"ardenfors},
 title = {Relations between the Logic of Theory Change and the
 	Nonmonotonic Logic},
 booktitle = {The Logic of Theory Change},
 year = {1991},
 editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and M. Morreau},
 publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
 address = {Berlin},
 pages = {185--205},
 topic = {belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ makinson-schlechta:1991a,
  author = {David C. Makinson and Karl Sclechta},
  title = {Floating Conclusions and Zombie Paths: Two Deep Difficulties
  	in the `Directly Skeptical' Approach to Defeasible Inheritance
	Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {48},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--209},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ makinson:1993a,
  author = {David C. Makinson},
  title = {Five Faces of Minimality},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {52},
  pages = {339--379},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ makinson:1994a,
  author = {David C. Makinson},
  title = {General Patterns in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence
    	         and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic
		 and Uncertain Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson},
  pages = {35--111},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning-survey;}  
  } 

@incollection{ makinson:1998a,
  author = {David C. Makinson},
  title = {On a Fundamental Problem of Deontic Logic},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  pages = {29--54},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ makinson-vandertorre:2000a,
  author = {David C. Makinson and Leendert van der Torre},
  title = {Input/Output Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {4},
  pages = {383--408},
  topic = {conditional-obligation;deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ makinson-vandertorre:2001a,
  author = {David C. Makinson and Leenart van der Torre},
  title = {Constraints for Input/Output Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {2},
  pages = {155--185},
  topic = {conditional-obligation;deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ makowski:1982a,
  author = {Johann A. Makowski},
  title = {Model Theoretic Issues in Theoretical Computer Science,
		Part {I}: Relational Data Bases and Abstract Data Types},
  booktitle = {Logic Colloquiun '82: Proceedings of the Colloquium
		Held in {F}lorence 23--28 August, 1982},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {G. Lolli and G. Longo and A. Marcja},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {pages   pages = {303--}},
  topic = {abstract-model-theory;abstract-data-types;}  
  } 

@incollection{ makowski-pnuelli_y:1995a,
  author = {Johann A. Makowski and Yachan B. Pnuelli},
  title = {Computable Quantifiers and Logics over Finite Structures},
  booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W.
  	Szczerba},
  pages = {313--357},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;computability;database-queries;}  
  } 

@incollection{ makowsky:1988a,
  author = {Johann A. Makowsky},
  title = {Mental Images and the Architecture
       		of Concepts},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {453--465},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {language-of-thought;foundations-of-computation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ maksimova:1994a,
  author = {L.L. Maksimova},
  title = {Interpolation Properties of Superintuitionistic, Positive,
  	and Modal Logics},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {70--78},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {proof-theory;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ maksimova:1995a,
  author = {Larisa Maksimova},
  title = {Implicit and Explicit Definability in Modal and Temporal Logics},
  booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why?  Logical Approaches to
       Natural Language},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {153--159},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {modal-logic;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ maksimova:1998a,
  author = {Larisa Maksimova},
  title = {Interpolation in Superinituitionistic
     		and Modal Predicate Logics with Equality},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {113--140 } ,
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;intuitionistic-logicl;interpolation-theorems;}  
  } 

@book{ malcolm:1959a,
  author = {Norman Malcolm},
  title = {Dreaming},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1959},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {UMich Graduate Library BF1078 .M24},
  xref = {Commentary: putnam:1962a1},
  topic = {dreaming;}  
 } 

@article{ maling:1984a,
  author = {Joan Maling},
  title = {Non-Clause-Bounded Reflexives in Modern {I}celandic},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {211--241},
  topic = {reflexive-constructions;Icelandic-language;nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@book{ malle-etal:2001a,
  editor = {Bertram F. Malle and Louis J. Moses and Dare A. Baldwin},
  title = {Intentions and Intentionality},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-13386-5},
  topic = {intention;intentionality;social-cognition;}  
 } 

@incollection{ malone_jl:1978a,
  author = {Joseph L. Malone},
  title = {Generative-Transformational Studies in {E}nglish
  	Interrogatives},
  booktitle = {Questions},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Henry Hi\.z},
  pages = {37--85},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ malone_tw-etal:1988a,
  author = {T.W. Malone and Richard E. Fikes and K.R. Grant and
  	M.T. Howard},
  title = {Enterprise: A Market-like Task Scheduler
	 for Distributed Computing Environments},
  booktitle = {The Ecology of Computation},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Bernardo A. Huberman},
  pages = {177--205},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {scheduling;distributed-computing;market-oriented-algorithms;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ maloney_jc:1978a,
  author = {J. Christopher Maloney},
  title = {Perception and the Structure of Propositional Attitudes},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Oakland University, Rochester,
  	Michigan.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@article{ maloney_jc:1984a,
  author = {J. Christopher Maloney},
  title = {The Mundane Mental Language: How to Do Things with
  	Words},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {59},
  number = {3},
  pages = {251--294},
  topic = {mental-representations;}  
  } 

@incollection{ maloor-chai:2000a,
  author = {Preetam Maloor and Joyce Chai},
  title = {Dynamic User Level and Utility Measurement for Adaptive
  		Dialog in a Help-Desk System},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  pages = {94--101},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;user-modeling;help-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ malpas:1965a,
  author = {Richard M.P. Malpas},
  title = {The Location of Sound},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1965},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {131--144},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {auditory-perception;}  
  } 

@book{ maluszynski:1997a,
  editor = {Jan Maluszynski},
  title = {Logic Programming: Proceedings of the 1997 International
  	Symposium},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262631806},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
 } 

@article{ malzen:1998a,
  author = {S. Malzen},
  title = {The Knower Paradox and Epistemic Closure},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {114},
  pages = {337--354},
  missinginfo = {number, A's 1st name},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;hyperintensionality;
  	syntactic-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ manara-deroeck:1997a,
  author = {Lucia H. B. Manara and Anne de Roeck},
  title = {A Belief-Centered Treatment of Pragmatic Presupposition},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {274--291},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;presuposition;
		pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ manasterramer:1987a,
  author = {Alexis Manaster-Ramer},
  title = {Dutch as a Formal Language},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {221--246},
  topic = {formal-language-theory;nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@article{ manasterramer-kac:1990a,
  author = {Alexis Manaster-Ramer and Michael B. Kac},
  title = {The Concept of Phrase Structure},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {325--362},
  topic = {foundations-of-syntax;}  
  } 

@article{ manasterramer:1991a,
  author = {Alexis Manaster-Ramer},
  title = {Vacuity},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {339--348},
  xref = {Commentary on pelletier:1988a.},
  topic = {nl-syntax;formal-language-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mandala:1998a,
  author = {Rila Mandala and Takenobu Tokunaga and Hozumi Tanaka},
  title = {The Use of {W}ord{N}et in Information Retrieval},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {31--37},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;information-retrieval';}  
  } 

@techreport{ manders-daley:1983a,
  author = {Kenneth L. Manders and Robert F. Daley},
  title = {The Complexity of the Validity Problem fo Dynamic Logic},
  institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Utrecht},
  number = {282},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Utrecht, The Netherlands},
  topic = {complexity-theory;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ manders:1985a,
  author = {Kenneth L. Manders},
  title = {Logic and Conceptual Relations in Mathematics},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of
  	Pittsburgh.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ manders:1986a,
  author = {Kenneth L. Manders},
  title = {The Role of Concepts in Mathematical Knowledge},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of
  	Pittsburgh.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ mani:1996a,
  author = {Inderjeet Mani},
  title = {Review of {\it Machine Translation and the Lexicon},
  	edited by {P}etra {S}teffans},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {271--273},
  xref = {Review of steffans:1996a.},
  topic = {machine-translation;computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mani:1998a,
  author = {Inderjeet Mani},
  title = {A Theory of Granularity and its Application to the
		Problem of Polysemy and Underspecification of Meaning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {245--255},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;granularity;;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ mani-maybury:1999a,
  editor = {Inderjeet Mani and Robert Maybury},
  title = {Advances in Automatic Text Summarization},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262133598},
  topic = {text-summarization;}  
 } 

@book{ mani:2001a,
  author = {Inderjeet Mani},
  title = {Automatic Summarization},
  publisher = {J. Benjamins Pub. Co.},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {1588110591},
  topic = {text-summary;}  
 } 

@book{ manktelow-over:1993a,
  editor = {K. Manktelow and D.E. Over},
  title = {Rationality},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1993},
  address = {London},
  topic = {rationality;}  
 } 

@article{ manley:2002a,
  author = {David Manley},
  title = {Properties and Resemblance Classes},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {36},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--96},
  topic = {similarity;nominalism;properties;} 
  } 

@article{ mann-moore_ja:1981a,
  author = {William C. Mann and  James A. Moore},
  title = {Computer Generation of Multiparagraph {E}nglish Text},
  journal = {American Journal of Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17--29},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;pragmatics;}  
} 

@incollection{ mann-matthiessen:1985a,
  author = {William C. Mann and Christian M. Matthiessen},
  title = {A Demonstration of the {Nigel} Text Generation Computer
  	Program},
  booktitle = {Systemic Perspectives on Discourse: Selected Papers
  	From the Ninth International Systemics Workshop},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {R. Benson and J. Greaves},
  publisher = {Ablex, London},
  pages = {50--83},
  notes = {Also available as USC/ISI Research Report RR-83-105},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
} 

@article{ mann-thompson:1986a,
  author = {William Mann and Sandra Thompson},
  title = {Relational Propositions in Discourse},
  journal = {Discourse Processes},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--90},
  topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ mann-thompson:1988a,
  author = {William C. Mann and Sandra A. Thompson},
  title = {Rhetorical Structure Theory:  Towards a Functional Theory
  	of Text Organization},
  journal = {Text},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {243--281},
  topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ mann-thompson:1989a,
  author = {William C. Mann and Sandra A. Thompson},
  title = {Rhetorical Structure Theory:  Towards a Functional Theory
  	of Text Organization},
  institution = {Information Sciences Institute},
  number = {ISI/RR--89-242},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Marina del Rey, California},
  topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mann:2002a,
  author = {William C. Mann},
  title = {Dialogue Analysis for Diverse Situations},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {109--116},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {discourse-tagging;} 
  } 

@article{ manna:1970a,
  author = {Zohar Manna},
  title = {The Correctness of Nondeterministic Programs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--26},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In this paper we formalize properties of nondeterministic
     programs by means of the satisfiability and validity of formulas
     in first-order logic.  Our main purpose is to emphasize the
     great variety of possible applications of the results,
     especially for solving problems of the kind: ``Find a sequence
     of actions that will achieve a given goal.''  } ,
  topic = {program-verification;}  
  } 

@article{ manna-waldinger:1975a,
  author = {Zohar Manna and Richard Waldinger},
  title = {Knowledge and Reasoning in Program Synthesis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {175--208},
  topic = {program-synthesis;}  
  } 

@article{ manna-waldinger:1980a1,
  author = {Zohar Manna and Richard Waldinger},
  title = {A Deductive Approach to Program Synthesis},
  journal = {{ACM} Transactions on Programming Languages and
  	Systems},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {120--121},
  xref = {Republication: manna-waldinger:1980a2.},
  topic = {automatic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ manna-waldinger:1980a2,
  author = {Zohar Manna and Richard Waldinger},
  title = {A Deductive Approach to Program Synthesis},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {141--172},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: manna-waldinger:1980a1.},
  topic = {automatic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ manna-waldinger:1986a,
  author = {Zohar Manna and Richard Waldinger},
  title = {A Theory of Plans},
  booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky},
  pages = {11--45},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  contentnote = {Idea is to look at planning as automated deduction.
    Uses "situational logic", by which I think they mean extensions
    of the situation calculus.  There is a resolution algorithm.},
  topic = {planning;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@incollection{ manna-etal:1991a,
  author = {Zohar Manna and Mark Stickel and Richard Waldinger},
  title = {Monotonicity Properties in Automated Deduction},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {247--280},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@book{ manna-pnueli:1992a,
  author = {Zohar Manna and Amir Pnueli},
  title = {The Temporal Logic of Reactive and Concurrent Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {concurrency;temporal-logic;program-verification;}  
 } 

@book{ manninen-tuomela:1976a,
  editor = {Juha Manninen and Raimo Tuomela},
  title = {Essays on Explanation and Understanding: Studies in the
  	Foundations of Humanities and Social Sciences},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027705925},
  topic = {explanation;philosophical-logic;causality;
  	philosophy-of-social-science;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ manning:1995a,
  author = {Christopher Manning},
  title = {Capturing Dissociations Between Functor Argument Structure
  	and Surface Structure:  {HPSG}, {LFG} and Categorial Approaches},
  year = {1995},
  month = {October},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {HPSG;nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@book{ manning:1996a,
  author = {Christopher Manning},
  title = {Argument Structure and Grammatical Relations},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {argument-structure;grammatical-relations;}  
 } 

@incollection{ manning:1998a,
  author = {Christopher D. Manning},
  title = {The Segmentation Problem in Morphology Learning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {299--305},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {morphology-acquisition;}  
  } 

@book{ manning-schutze:1999a,
  author = {Christopher D. Manning and Hinrich Sch\"utze},
  title = {Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review by Richard Evans, LINGUIST List: Vol-10-1349.},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;}  
 } 

@article{ manor:1974a,
  author = {Ruth Manor},
  title = {A Semantic Analysis of Conditional Assertion},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {37--52},
  topic = {conditional-assertion;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mantha:1994a,
  author = {Surya Mantha},
  title = {Towards a Logical Foundation for Qualitative Decision Theory},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the Symposium on Decision-Theoretic
  	Planning},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Steve Hanks and Stuart Russell and Michael P. Wellman},
  pages = {169--174},
  missinginfo = {organization, publisher},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;}  
  } 

@book{ mantovani:1996a,
  author = {Giuseppe Mantovani},
  title = {New Communication Environments: From Everyday to Virtual},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  year = {1996},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0748403957},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ manzano:1995a,
  author = {Maria Manzano},
  title = {Extensions of First-Order Logic},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: olbach:1998a.},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;many-sorted-logic;modal-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ manzini_g:1995a,
  author = {Giovanni Manzini},
  title = {{BIDA*}: An Improved Perimeter Search Algorithm},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {75},
  number = {2},
  pages = {347--360},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In this paper we present a new bidirectional heuristic search
     algorithm.  Our algorithm can be viewed as a perimeter search
     algorithm, and it uses a new technique for reducing the number
     of heuristic evaluations.
      We also prove some general results on the behavior of iterative
     deepening perimeter search algorithms, and we discuss some new
     ``lazy evaluation'' techniques for improving their performance.
      The theoretical and experimental results show that perimeter
     search algorithms outperform the other bidirectional algorithms,
     and we believe it is worthwhile to give them a deep look in
     subsequent research.  } ,
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@article{ mao:1970a,
  author = {J. Mao},
  title = {Survey of Capital Budgeting: Theory and Practice},
  journal = {Journal of Finance},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {349--360},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {management-science;}  
  } 

@article{ mar-stdenis:1999a,
  author = {Gary Mar and Paul St. Denis},
  title = {What the {L}iar Taught {A}chilles},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--46},
  topic = {paradoxes-of-motion;semantic-paradoxes;paradoxes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ marakakis-gallagher:1994a,
  author = {E. Marakakis and John P. Gallagher},
  title = {Schema-Based Top-Down Design of Logic Programs Using
  		Abstract Data Types},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {138--153},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-program-synthesis;}  
  } 

@book{ march-simon:1958a,
  author = {James G. March and Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {Organizations},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1958},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {management-science;decision-making;}  
 } 

@book{ march-olsen_jp:1976a,
  author = {James G. March and J.P. Olsen},
  title = {Ambiguity and Choice in Organizations},
  publisher = {Universitetsforlaget},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Bergen, Norway},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {management-science;decision-making;}  
 } 

@article{ march-shapira:1987a,
  author = {J.G. March and Z. Shapira},
  title = {Managerial Perspectives on Risk and Risk Taking},
  journal = {Management Science},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {1404--1418},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {risk;management-science;}  
  } 

@article{ march-shapira:1992a,
  author = {J. March and Z. Shapira},
  title = {Variable Preferences and the Focus of Attention},
  journal = {Psychological Review},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {99},
  pages = {172--183},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {decision-making;preference;}  
  } 

@book{ marchand_h:1969a,
  author = {Hans Marchand},
  title = {The Categories and Types of Present-Day {E}nglish
  	Word-Formation},
  publisher = {Beck},
  year = {1969},
  address = {M\"unchen},
  edition = {2},
  topic = {derivational-morphology;descriptive-grammar;English-language;}  
 } 

@book{ marchionini:1995a,
  author = {Gary Marchionini},
  title = {Information Seeking In Electronic Environments},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521443725 (hardback)},
  topic = {information-retrieval;}  
 } 

@book{ marciniak:1994a,
  editor = {John J. Marciniak},
  title = {Encyclopedia of Software Engineering},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1994},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0471540048},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@article{ marciniec:1997a,
  author = {Jacek Marciniec},
  title = {Infinite Set Unification With Application to Categorial
  	Grammar},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {58},
  number = {3},
  pages = {339--355},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;unification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ marciniec:1997b,
  author = {Jacek Marciniec},
  title = {Connected Sets of Types and
           Categorial Consequence},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {292--309},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ marco:1995a,
  editor = {Pier Marco},
  title = {Temporal Reference, Aspect and Actionality},
  publisher = {Rosenberg \& Sellier},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Torino},
  ISBN = {8870116379},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
 } 

@article{ marconi:1995a,
  author = {Diego Marconi},
  title = {On the Structure of Lexical Competence},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {95},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {131--150},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ marconi:1997a,
  author = {Diego Marconi},
  title = {Lexical Competence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ marcu:1997a,
  author = {Daniel Marcu},
  title = {Perlocutions:  The {A}chilles' Heel of Speech Act Theory},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative
		Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {51--58},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {David Traum},
  topic = {speech-acts;persuasive-discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ marcu:1997b,
  author = {Daniel Marcu},
  title = {The Rhetorical Parsing of Unrestricted Natural Language
  	Texts},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {96--103},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-structure;discourse-cue-words;nl-processing;}  
 } 

@incollection{ marcu:1998a,
  author = {Daniel Marcu},
  title = {A Surface-Based Approach to Identifying
		Discourse-Markers and Elementary Textual Units},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {1--7},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;
  	empirical-methods-in-discourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ marcu-etal:1999a,
  author = {Daniel Marcu and Estibaliz Amorrortu and Magdalena 
     		Romera},
  title = {Experiments in Constructing a Corpus of
		Discourse Trees},
  booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging:
  	Proceedings of the Workshop},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {48--57},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-tagging;discourse-structure;}  
  } 

@article{ marcu:2000a,
  author = {Daniel Mar\c{c}u},
  title = {The Rhetorical Parsing of Unrestricted texts: A
  	Surface-Based Approach},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {395--448},
  topic = {discourse-structure;parsing-algorithms;cur-phrases;}  
  } 

@book{ marcus_d:1998a,
  author = {Daniel Marcus},
  title = {Combinbatorics: A Problem Oriented Approach},
  publisher = {The Mathematical Association of America},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  ISBN = {0-88385-710-3},
  topic = {combinatorics;}  
 } 

@book{ marcus_m:1980a,
  author = {Mitch Marcus},
  title = {A Theory of Syntactic Recognition for Natural Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;parsing-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ marcus_rb:1980a,
  author = {Ruth Barcan Marcus},
  title = {Moral Dilemmas and Consistency},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {77},
  number = {3},
  pages = {121--136},
  topic = {moral-conflict;deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ marcus_rb:1981a,
  author = {Ruth Barcan Marcus},
  title = {A Proposed Solution to the Puzzle about Belief},
  journal = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {505--510},
  topic = {belief;Pierre-puzzle;}  
  } 

@article{ marcus_rb:1983a,
  author = {Ruth Barcan Marcus},
  title = {Rationality and Believing the Impossible},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {80},
  pages = {321--338},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;belief;}  
  } 

@book{ marcus_rb-etal:1986a,
  editor = {Ruth Barcan Marcus and Georg J.W. Dorn and Paul Weingartner},
  title = {Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy Of Science, {VII}:
  	Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Logic,
	Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, Salzburg, 1983},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444876561},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
} 

@book{ marcus_rb:1993a,
  author = {Ruth Barcan Marcus},
  title = {Modalities: Philosophical Essays},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0195076982},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ marcus_s1-mcdermott:1989a,
  author = {Sandra Marcus and John McDermott},
  title = {{SALT}: A Knowledge Acquisition Language for
  	Propose-and-Revise Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {39},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--37},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     SALT is a knowledge acquisition tool for generating expert
     systems that can use a propose-and-revise problem-solving
     strategy.  The SALT-assumed method incrementally constructs an
     initial design by proposing values for design parameters,
     identifying constraints on design parameters as the design
     develops and revising decisions in response to detection of
     constraint violations in the proposal.  This problem-solving
     strategy provides the basis for SALT's knowledge representation.
     SALT uses its knowledge of the intended problem-solving strategy
     in identifying relevant domain knowledge, in detecting
     weaknesses in the knowledge base in order to guide its
     interrogation of the domain expert, in generating an expert
     system that can perform the task and explain its line of
     reasoning, and in analyzing test case coverage.  The strong
     commitment to problem-solving strategy which gives SALT its
     power also defines its scope.  } ,
  topic = {knowledge-acquisition;knowledge-base-integrity;}  
  } 

@article{ marcus_s1:1993a,
  author = {Sandra Marcus},
  title = {Review of {\it A Practical Guide to Knowledge Acquisition},
  	by A. Carlisle Scott and Jan E. Clayton and
  	Elizabeth L. Gibson},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {60},
  number = {1},
  pages = {167--170},
  xref = {Review of scott_ac-etal:1991a.},
  topic = {knowledge-acquisition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ marcus_s2:1997a,
  author = {Solomon Marcus},
  title = {Contextual Grammars and Natural Languages},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Formal Languages, Volume 2},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Grzegorz Rozenberg and Arto Salomaa},
  pages = {215--235},
  missinginfo = {publisher, address},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;context-grammars;}  
  } 

@article{ marcus_s2-etal:1998a,
  author = {Solomon Marcus and Carlos Martin-Vide and Gheorghe P\v{a}in},
  title = {Contextual Models as Generative Models of Natural
  	Languages},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {245--274},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;context-grammars;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ marek-nerode:1980a,
  author = {Wictor Marek and Anil Nerode},
  title = {Decision Procedures for Default Logic},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Mathematics,
		Cornell University.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {default-logic;decision-procedures;}  
  } 

@incollection{ marek-truszynski:1989a,
  author = {Wictor Marek and Miroslaw Truszczynski},
  title = {Relating Autoepistemic and Default Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {276--288},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;
  	autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ marek-truszynski:1989b,
  author = {Wictor Marek and Miroslaw Truszczynski},
  title = {Stable Semantics for Logic Programs and
  	Default Theories},
  year = {1989},
  month = {May},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Kentucky.},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;
  	stable-models;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ marek-truszynski:1990a,
  author = {Wictor Marek and Miroslaw Truszczynski},
  title = {Modal Logic for Default Reasoning},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Kentucky.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;
  	modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ marek-etal:1991a,
  author = {Wiktor Marek and Grigori F. Schwartz and Miroslaw
  	Truszczy\'nski},
  title = {Ranges of Strong Modal Nonmonotonic Logics},
  booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt},
  pages = {85--99},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ marek-etal:1991b,
  author = {Wictor Marek and Grigori Shvarts and Miroslaw Truszcy\'nski},
  title = {Modal Nonmonotonic Logics: Ranges, Characterization,
  	Computation},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {395--404},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ marek-truszcynski:1991a,
  author = {Victor Marek and Miros{\l}aw Truszcczy\'nski},
  title = {Autoepistemic Logic},
  journal = {Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {38},
  number = {3},
  pages = {588--619},
  topic = {autoepistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ marek:1993a,
  author = {Wictor Marek},
  title = {Review of {\it {F}ormalizing Common Sense: Papers by
  	{J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}},
  journal = {{SIGART} Bulletin},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {12--13},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {J-McCarthy;}  
  } 

@article{ marek-etal:1993a,
  author = {Wiktor Marek and Grigori F. Shvarts and Miroslaw Truszczynski},
  title = {Modal Nonmonotonic Logics: Ranges, Characterization, Computation},
  journal = {Journal of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputing {M}achinery},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {40},
  number = {4},
  pages = {963--990},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ marek-truszcczynski:1994b,
  author = {Victor Marek and Miros{\l}aw Truszczy\'nski},
  title = {Revision Specifications by Means of Programs},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce},
  pages = {122--136},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@book{ marek-truszcynski:1994a,
  author = {Wictor Marek and Miros{\l}aw Truszczy\'nski},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Logic: Context-Dependent Reasoning},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
} 

@book{ marek-etal:1995a,
  editor = {Wictor Marek and Anil Nerode and Marek Truszcynski},
  title = {Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ marek:1999a,
  author = {Victor Marek},
  title = {Default Reasoning System {DeReS} (Abstract)},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {default-logic;stable-models;AI-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ marek-etal:2002a,
  author = {Victor Marek and Inna Pivkina and Moroslaw Truszy\'nski},
  title = {Annotated Revision Programs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {138},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {149--180},
  topic = {logic-programming;belief-revision;} 
  } 

@article{ mares-meyer:1993a,
  author = {Edwin D. Mares and Robert K. Meyer},
  title = {The Semantics of {R3}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--110},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mares-fuhrmann:1996a,
  author = {Edwin D. Mares and Andr\'e Fuhrmann},
  title = {A Relevant Theory of Conditionals},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {24},
  number = {6},
  pages = {645--665},
  topic = {conditionals;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mares-mcnamara:1997a,
  author = {Edwin D. Mares and Paul McNamara},
  title = {Supererogation in Deontic Logic Metatheory for
		{DWE} and Some Close Neighbours},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {3},
  pages = {397--415},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mares:1999a,
  author = {Edward D. Mares},
  title = {Review of {\it Meinongian Logic}, by {D}ale {J}acquette},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {63},
  number = {2},
  pages = {280--285},
  xref = {Review of: jacquette:1996a.},
  topic = {Meinong;(non)existence;}  
  } 

@article{ mares:2000a,
  author = {Edwin D. Mares},
  title = {{\bf CE} Is Not a Conservative Extension of {\bf E}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {3},
  pages = {263--275},
  topic = {negation;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mares:2001a,
  author = {Edwin D. Mares},
  title = {Review of {\it Language, Truth and Logic in Mathematics}, by
  	{J}aakko {H}intikka},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {68},
  number = {3},
  pages = {412--415},
  xref = {Review of: hintikka:1998d.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ mares:2002a,
  author = {Edwin D. Mares},
  title = {Review of {\it Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, edited by
  	{M}arcus {K}racht and {M}aarten de {R}ijke and {H}einrich
	{W}ansing},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--97},
  xref = {Review of: kracht-etal:1998a.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ margalit:1976a,
  author = {Avishai Margalit},
  title = {Talking with Children, {P}iaget Style},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {457--471},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ margalit:1978a,
  author = {Avishai Margalit},
  title = {The `Platitude' Principle of Semantics},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {377--395},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {compositionality;}  
  } 

@book{ margalit:1979a,
  editor = {Avishai Margalit},
  title = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second
		{J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
        1. Willard V. Quine, "Use and Its Place in Meaning"
        2. Donald Davidson, "Moods and Performances"
        3. Eddy M. Zemach, "Awareness of Objects"
        4. Asa Kasher, "What Is a Theory of Use?"
        5. Jaakko Hintikka and Lauri Carlson, "Conditionals, Generic
		Quantifiers, and Other Applications of Subgames"
        6. Helmut Schnelle, "Circumstance Sentences"
        7. Michael Dummett, "What Does a Theory of Use Do for a
		Theory of Meaning?"
        8. Avishai Margalit, "Open Texture"
        9. Marcelo Dascal, "Conversational Relevance"
       10. John R. Searle, "Intentionality and the Use of Language"
       11. Hilary Putman, "Reference and Understanding"
       12. Peter F. Strawson, "May Bes and Might Have Beens"
       13. Saul Kripke, "A Puzzle about Belief"
	},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ margalit:1979b,
  author = {Avishai Margalit},
  title = {Open Texture},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second
		{J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Avishai Margalit},
  pages = {141--152},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {verificationalism;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ margenau:1967a,
  author = {Henry Margenau},
  title = {Quantum Mechanics, Free Will, and Determinism},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {64},
  number = {21},
  pages = {714--725},
  topic = {quantum-mechanics;freedom;}  
  } 

@article{ margolis_e-laurence:1998a,
  author = {Eric Margolis and Stephen Laurence},
  title = {Multiple Meanings and the Stability of Content},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {95},
  number = {5},
  pages = {255--263},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ margolis_e-laurence:1999a,
  editor = {Eric Margolis and Stephen Laurence},
  title = {Concepts: Core Readings},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-18175-4},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;concept-grasping;}  
 } 

@article{ margolis_j:1984a,
  author = {Joseph Margolis},
  title = {The Locus of Coherence},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--30},
  topic = {metaphilosophy;}  
  } 

@article{ marhenke:1950a1,
  author = {Paul Marhenke},
  title = {The Criterion of Significance},
  journal = {Proceedings and Addresses of the {A}merican
  	{P}hilosophical Association},
  year = {1950},
  volume = {23},
  missinginfo = {number, pages},
  xref = {Republication: marhenke:1950a2.},
  topic = {meaningfulness;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ marhenke:1950a2,
  author = {Paul Marhenke},
  title = {The Criterion of Significance},
  booktitle = {Semantics and the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Illinois Press},
  year = {1952},
  editor = {Leonard Linsky},
  pages = {139--139},
  address = {Urbana, Illinois},
  xref = {Republication of: marhenke:1950a1.},
  topic = {meaningfulness;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ maritxalar-etal:1998a,
  author = {Montse Maritxalar and Arantza D\'iaz de Ilarraza and
		Maite Oronez},
  title = {From Psychologic Modeling of Interlanguage in Second
  	Language Acquisition to a Computational Model},
  booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {T. Mark Ellison},
  pages = {50--59},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;
  	intelligent-computer-assisted-language-instruction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mark:1992a,
  author = {Bill Mark},
  title = {Ten Years Don't Mean Nothin'\, } ,
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {59--60},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mark:1996a,
  author = {William S. Mark},
  title = {Ontologies as the Representation (and Re-Representation)
  	of Agreement},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {654--655},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;computational-ontology;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ markert-hahn_u:1997a,
  author = {K. Markert and Udo Hahn},
  title = {On the Interaction of Metonymies and Anaphora},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Martha Pollack},
  pages = {1010--1015},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {metonymy;anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ markert-hahn:2002a,
  author = {Katja Markert and Udo Hahn},
  title = {Understanding Metonymies in Discourse},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {135},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {145--198},
  topic = {metonymy;anaphora;discourse;} 
  } 

@book{ markley:1996a,
  editor = {Robert Markley},
  title = {Virtual Realities and Their Discontents},
  publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Baltimore},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Robert Markley, "Introduction: History, Theory, and
		Virtual Reality"
	2. N. Katherine Hayles, "Boundary Disputes: Homeostasis,
		Reflexivity, and the Foundations of Cybernetics"
	3. Richard Grusin, "What is an electronic author? Theory and
		the technological fallacy"
	4. Robert Markley, "Boundaries: Mathematics, Alienation, and the
		Metaphysics of Cyberspace"
	5. David Brande, "The Business of Cyberpunk: Symbolic Economy and
		Ideology in {W}illiam {G}ibson"
	6. David Porush, "Hacking the Brainstem: Postmodern
		Metaphysics and {S}tephenson's Snow Crash"
	7. Michelle Kendrick, "Cyberspace and the Technological Real"
   } ,
  ISBN = {0801852250 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {virtual-reality;}  
 } 

@article{ markosian:2001a,
  author = {Ned Markosian},
  title = {Review of {\it Semantics, Tense, and Time}, by 
  		{P}eter {L}udlow},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {98},
  number = {6},
  pages = {325--329},
  xref = {Review of ludlow:1999a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;metaphysics;}  
  } 

@book{ markova-etal:1996a,
  author = {Ivana Markova and Carl Graumann and Klaus Foppa},
  title = {Mutualities in Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {discourse;coord-in-conversation;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ markovian:2001a,
  author = {Ned Markovian},
  title = {Review of {\it Questions of Time and Tense}, edited by 
  	{R}obert {L}e {P}oidevin},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {35},
  number = {4},
  pages = {616--629},
  xref = {Review of: lepoidevin:1998a.},
  topic = {tense-logic;philosophy-of-time;}  
  } 

@incollection{ markowitz-etal:1992a,
  author = {Judith A. Markowitz and J. Terry Nutter and Martha W.
  	Evans},
  title = {Beyond {IS-A} and Part-Whole: More Semantic Networks},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {377--390},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;computational-ontology;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ marks_g-miller_n:1987a,
  author = {Gary Marks and Norman Miller},
  title = {Ten Years of Research on the False-Consensus Effect:  An
  	Empirical and Theoretical Review},
  journal = {Psychological Bulletin},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {102},
  pages = {72--90},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {social-psychology;false-consensus;}  
  } 

@book{ marks_j1:1986a,
  editor = {Joel Marks},
  title = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical Psychology on
    the Concept of Wanting},
  publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0913750441},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Joe Marks, "Introduction: On the Need for a Theory
     		of Desire", pp. 1--15
     2. Audi, Robert, "Intending Intentional Action,
     		and Desire", pp. 17--38
     3. Annette Baier, "The Ambiguous Limits of Desire", pp. 39--63
     4. Wayne A. Davis, "The Two Senses of Desire", pp. 63--82
     5. Ronald B. DeSosa, "Desire and Time", pp. 83--100
     6. Robert M. Gordon, "The Circle of Desire", pp. 101--114
     7. O.H. Green, "Actions, Emotions, and Desires", pp. 115--131
     8. Joel Marks, "The Difference between Motivation and
     		Desire", pp. 133--147
     9. Dennis W. Stampe, "Defining Desire", pp. 149--173
    10. Mitchell Staude, "Wanting, Desiring, and Valuing: The
    		Case against Conativism", pp. 175--195
    11. Michael Stocker, "Akrasia and the Object of Desire", pp. 197--215
    12. C.C.W. Taylor, "Emotions and Wants", pp. 217--231
  } ,
  topic = {desire;philosophical-psychology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ marks_j1:1986b,
  author = {Joel Marks},
  title = {The Difference between Motivation and Desire},
  booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical
  	Psychology on the Concept of Wanting},
  publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joel Marks},
  pages = {133--147},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {desire;philosophical-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ marks_j1:1986c,
  author = {Joel Marks},
  title = {Introduction: On the Need for a Theory of Desire},
  booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical Psychology On
    the Concept of Wanting},
  publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joel Marks},
  pages = {1--15},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {desire;philosophical-psychology;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ marks_j2-reiter:1990a,
  author = {Joseph Marks and Ehud Reiter},
  title = {Avoiding Unwanted Conversational Implicatures in Text and
  	Graphics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of AAAI90, Eighth National Conference on
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {450--455},
  topic = {nl-generation;multimedia-generation;implicature;pragmatics;}  
} 

@book{ marley:1997a,
  editor = {A.A.J. Marley},
  title = {Choice, Decision, and Measurement: Essays in Honor
  	of R. Duncan Luce},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {decision-making;practical-reasoning;cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ marquez-padro:1997a,
  author = {Llu\'is M\`arquez and Llu\'is Padr\'o},
  title = {A Flexible {POS} Tagger Using an Automatically
  	Acquired Language Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {238--245},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;part-of-speech-tagging;}  
 } 

@incollection{ marqueze:2000a,
  author = {Jorge Rodr\'iguez Marqueze},
  title = {Partial Belief and Borderline Cases},
  booktitle = {Skepticism},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Ernest Sosa and Enrique Villanueva},
  pages = {289--301},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ marquis:1991a,
  author = {Jean-Pierre Marquis},
  title = {Approximations and Truth Spaces},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {375--401},
  topic = {approximate-truth;}  
  } 

@article{ marr:1977a1,
  author = {David Marr},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence---A Personal View},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {37--48},
  xref = {Republished: marr:1977a2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;AI-editorial;}  
  } 

@incollection{ marr:1977a2,
  author = {David Marr},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence---A Personal View},
  booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {John Haugeland},
  pages = {129--142},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Originally Published: marr:1977a1.},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ marr:1982a,
  author = {David Marr},
  title = {Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human
  	Representation and Processing of Visual Information},
  publisher = {W.H. Freeman},
  year = {1982},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {human-vision;}  
 } 

@article{ marsden_el:1972a,
  author = {E.L. Marsden},
  title = {Compatible Elements in Implicative Models},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {156--162},
  topic = {algebraic-logic;subtheories-of-PC;}  
  } 

@incollection{ marsden_gm:1984a,
  author = {George M. Marsden},
  title = {Understanding Fundamentalist Views of Science},
  booktitle = {Science and Creationism},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Ashley Montagu},
  pages = {95--116},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {creationism;fundamentalism;history-of-science;}  
  } 

@book{ marshall-rossman:1998a,
  author = {Catherine Marshall and Gretchen B. Rossman},
  title = {Designing Qualitative Research},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {qualitative-methods;}  
 } 

@incollection{ marsi:1998a,
  author = {Edwin Marsi},
  title = {Introducing Maximal Variation in Text Planning for Small
  	Domains},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {68--77},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;text-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ marsland-etal:1987a,
  author = {T.A.  Marsland and Alexander Reinefeld and Jonathan Schaeffer},
  title = {Low Overhead Alternatives to {SSS}*},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {31},
  number = {2},
  pages = {185--199},
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@incollection{ marslenwilson-tyler:1987a,
  author = {William Marslen-Wilson and Lorraine K. Tyler},
  title = {Against Modularity},
  booktitle = {Modularity in Knowledge Representation and Natural-Language
                   Understanding},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Jay L. Garfield},
  pages = {37--62},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-modularity;}  
  } 

@article{ martelli:1977a,
  author = {Alberto Martelli},
  title = {On the Complexity of Admissible Search Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--13},
  topic = {search;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ marti:1993a,
  author = {Genoveva Marti},
  title = {The Source of Intensionality},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {197--206},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {intensionality;logical-form;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ marti:1994a,
  author = {Genoveva Marti},
  title = {Do Modal Distinctions Collapse in {C}arnap's System?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {6},
  pages = {575--593},
  conentnote = {Quine and Follesdal had argued that the system
  	of carnap:1956a produced p --> []p, via some sort of
	incoherence in the interaction of quantification and
	modality.  Marti argues here that their arguments are
	flawed.},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;Carnap;}  
  } 

@article{ marti:1995a,
  author = {Genoveva Marti},
  title = {The Essence of Genuine Reference},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {275--289},
  topic = {reference;intensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ martin_cb:1994a,
  author = {C.B. Martin},
  title = {Dispositions and Conditionals},
  journal = {The Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {44},
  number = {174},
  pages = {1--8},
  topic = {dispositions;conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ martin_cb-heil:1998a,
  author = {C.B. Martin and John Heil},
  title = {Rules and Powers},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {283--312},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {rule-following;dispositions;}  
  } 

@article{ martin_e1:1972a,
  author = {Edward {Martin, Jr.}},
  title = {Truth and Translation},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {125--130},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {Davidson;truth-definitions;}  
  } 

@article{ martin_e2-weinstein:1997a,
  author = {Eric Martin and Scott Weinstein},
  title = {Scientific Discovery Based on Belief Revision},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {62},
  pages = {1352--1370},
  number = {4},
  topic = {scientific-discovery;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ martin_e2-osherson:2000a,
  author = {Eric Martin and Daniel Osherson},
  title = {Scientific Discovery on Positive Data via Belief
  	Revision},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {5},
  pages = {483--506},
  topic = {learning-theory;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ martin_jc:1999a,
  author = {Jean-Claude Martin},
  title = {{TYCOON}, Six Primitive Types of Cooperation for
  	Observing, Estimating, and Specifying Cooperations},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {61--66},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;ccoperation;empirical-methods-in-discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ martin_jh:1993a,
  author = {James H. Martin},
  title = {Review of {\it Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming:
  	A Student's Perspective}, by {P}eter {N}orvig},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {64},
  number = {1},
  pages = {169--180},
  xref = {Review of norvig:1992a.},
  topic = {AI-programming;AI-intro;}  
  } 

@book{ martin_jn:1987a,
  author = {John N. Martin},
  title = {Elements of Formal Semantics: An Introduction to Logic
  	for Students of Language},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0-12-474856-2 (pbk)},
  topic = {logic-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ martin_jn:2001a,
  author = {John N. Martin},
  title = {Proclus and the Neoplatonistic Syllogistic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {187--240},
  topic = {syllogistic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ martin_m-geffner:2000a,
  author = {Mario Martin and H\'ector Geffner},
  title = {Learning Generalized Policies in Planning Using Concept
  	Languages},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {667--677},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;machine-learning;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ martin_p:1997a,
  author = {Paul Martin},
  title = {The `Casual Cashmere Diaper Bag': Constraining
                Speech Recognition using Examples},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {61--65},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@article{ martin_rl:1968a,
  author = {Robert L. Martin},
  title = {On {G}relling's Paradox},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {77},
  number = {3},
  pages = {321--331},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@book{ martin_rl:1970a,
  editor = {Robert L. Martin},
  title = {The Paradox of the Liar},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1970},
  address = {New Haven},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
 } 

@incollection{ martin_rl:1971a,
  author = {Robert L. Martin},
  title = {Some Thoughts on the Formal Approach to the Philosophy
  	of Language},
  booktitle = {Pragmatics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  pages = {120--144},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ martin_rl:1973a,
  author = {Robert L. Martin},
  title = {Are Natural Languages Universal?},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ martin_rl-woodruff:1976a,
  author = {Robert L. Martin and Peter Woodruff},
  title = {On Representing `True-in{$L$}' in {$L$}},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {113--117},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;fixpoints;}  
  } 

@book{ martin_rl:1984a,
  editor = {Robert L. Martin},
  title = {Recent Essays on the Liar Paradox},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Oxford, England},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
 } 

@incollection{ martin_rm1:1976a,
  author = {Richard M. Martin},
  title = {On {H}arris' Systems of Report and Paraphrase},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {541--568},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ martin_rm1:1978a,
  author = {Richard M. Martin},
  title = {Of Servants, Lovers, and Benefactors: Peirce's Algebra
  	of Relatives of 1870},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--48},
  topic = {Peirce;}  
  } 

@book{ martin_rm1:1979a,
  author = {Richard M. Martin},
  title = {Pragmatics, Truth, and Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Review: cocchiarella:1981a},
  topic = {nominalism;philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ martin_rm2:1987a,
  author = {Robert M. Martin},
  title = {The Meaning of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262631083 (pbk.)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@article{ martin_t:1998a,
  author = {Thomas Martin},
  title = {Self-Deception and Intentional Forgetting:  A
  	Reply to {W}hisner},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {181--194},
  topic = {self-deception;}  
  } 

@techreport{ martin_wa-etal:1981a,
  author = {William A. Martin and Kenneth W. Church and Ramesh S. Patil},
  title = {Preliminary Analysis of a Breadth-First Parsing Algorithm:
		Theoretical and Experimental Results},
  institution = {Laboratory for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute
		of Technology},
  number = {MIT/LCS/TR-261},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ martinez:2001a,
  author = {Maricarmen Martinez},
  title = {Some Closure Properties of Finite Definitions},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {43--68},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;definitions;}  
  } 

@article{ martinich:1984a,
  author = {A.P. Martinich},
  title = {A Theory of Metaphor},
  journal = {Journal of Literary Semantics},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {35--56},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {metaphor;}  
  } 

@book{ martinich:1990a,
  author = {A.P. Martinich},
  title = {The Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Oxford},
  edition = {2},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ martinlof:1970a,
  author = {Per Martin-L\"of},
  title = {Notes on Constructive Mathematics},
  publisher = {Almqvist \& Wiksell},
  year = {1970},
  address = {Stockholm},
  topic = {constructive-mathematics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ martinlof:1983a,
  author = {Per Martin-L\"of},
  title = {On the Meanings of the Logical Constants and the
  	Justifications of the Logical Laws},
  year = {1983},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Mathematics, University of
		Stockholm},
  topic = {proof-theoretic-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ martinlof:1984a,
  author = {Per Martin-L\"of},
  title = {Intuitionistic Type Theory},
  publisher = {Bibliopolis},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Naples},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;type-theory;higher-order-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ martino_aa:1982a,
  editor = {A.A. Martino},
  title = {Deontic Logic, Computational Linguistics and Legal
  	Information Systems},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {deontic-logic;legal-AI;}  
 } 

@article{ martino_e:1997a,
  author = {Enrico Martino},
  title = {Negationless Intuitionism},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {165--177},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ martins-shapiro_sc:1983a,
  author = {Jo\~ao Martins and Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {Reasoning in Multiple Belief Spaces},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Alan Bundy},
  pages = {370--373},
  publisher = {William Kaufmann, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {belief-revision;relevance-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ martins-shapiro_sc:1988a,
  author = {Jo\~ao Martins and Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {A Model for Belief Revision},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {1},
  pages = {25--79},
  topic = {belief-revision;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ martinvide:1997a,
  author = {Carlos Mart\'in-Vide},
  title = {Natural Computation for Natural Language},
  journal = {Fundematica Informaticae},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {31},
  number = {2},
  pages = {117--124},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;context-grammars;}  
  } 

@incollection{ marty:1992a,
  author = {Robert Marty},
  title = {Foliated Semantic Networks: Concepts, Facts, Qualities},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {679--696},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ marx-etal:1995a,
  author = {Maarten Marx and Szabolcs Milul\'as and Istv\'a N\'emeti},
  title = {Taming Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {207--226},
  topic = {modal-logics;completeness-theorems;interpolation-theorems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ marx:1996a,
  author = {Maarten Marx},
  title = {Dynamic Arrow Logic},
  booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic},
  publisher = {{CLSI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {109--123},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {arrow-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ marx-etal:1996a,
  editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  title = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic},
  publisher = {{CLSI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Yde Venema, "A Crash Course in Arrow Logic", pp. 3--34
  	2. Maarten Marx and Szabolcs Mikul\'as and Istv\'an N\'emeti
		and Idik\'o Sain, "Causes and Remedies for
		Undecidability in Arrow Logics and Multi-Modal
		Logics", pp. 35--61
  	3. Hajnal Andr\'eka and \'Agnes Kurucz and Istv\'an N\'emeti
		Ildik\'o Sain and Andr\'as Simon, "Investigations in
		Arrow Logic", pp. 63--99
    	4. Viktor Gyuris, "Associativity Does Not Imply Undecidability
		without the Axiom of Modal Distribution", pp. 101--107
  	5. Maarten Marx, "Dynamic Arrow Logic", pp. 109--123
  	6. Szabolcs Mikul\'as, "Complete Calculus for Conjugated
		Arrow Logic", pp. 125--139
  	7. Dimiter Vakarelov, "Many-Dimensional Arrow Structures:
		Arrow Logics {II}", pp. 141--187
  	8. Maarten de Rijke, "What is modal logic?", pp. 191--202
  	9. Johan van Benthem, "Content Versus Wrapping:  An Essay in
		Semantic Complexity", pp. 203--219
       10. Istv\'an N\'emeti, "A Fine-Structure Analysis of
       		First-Order Logic", pp. 221--247
  	},
  topic = {arrow-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ marx-etal:1996b,
  author = {Maarten Marx and Szabolcs Mikul\'as and Istv\'an N\'emeti
		and Idik\'o Sain},
  title = {Causes and Remedies for Undecidability in Arrow Logics and
  		Multi-Modal Logics},
  booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic},
  publisher = {{CLSI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {35--61},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {arrow-logic;multimodal-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ marx-venema:1997a,
  author = {Maarten Marx and Yde Venema},
  title = {Multi-Dimensional Modal Logic},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {A logic is multidimensional if the states are tuples.},
  ISBN = {079234345X},
  xref = {Reviews: zakharyaschev:2000a, vakarelov:2000a.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ marx:1998a,
  author = {Maarten Marx},
  title = {Mosaics and Cylindric Modal Logic of Dimension 2},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {141--156},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;cylindrical-algebra;}  
  } 

@article{ marx:1999a,
  author = {Maarten Marx},
  title = {Review of {\em The Classical Decision Problem},
	by {E}gon {B}\"orger {E}rich {G}r\"adel, and {Y}uri {G}urevich},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {478--481},
  xref = {Review of borger-etal:1997a.},
  topic = {undecidability;decidability;}  
  } 

@article{ marx:1999b,
  author = {Maarten Marx},
  title = {Review of {\it Deduction Systems},
		by {R}olf {S}ocher-{A}mbrosius and {P}atricia {J}ohann},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {476--478},
  xref = {Review of socherambrosius-johann:1997a.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;}  
  } 

@article{ marx:1999c,
  author = {Maarten Marx},
  title = {Complexity of Products of Modal Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {221--238},
  topic = {modal-logic;complexity-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ marx:2001a,
  author = {Maartin Marx},
  title = {Tolerance Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {353--373},
  topic = {guarded-fragments;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ maser:1988a,
  author = {Murray S. Maser},
  title = {A Knowledge Theoretic Account of Recovery in Distributed
  	Systems: The Case of Negotiated Agreement},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {309--323},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ mason_f:2001a,
  author = {Franklin Mason},
  title = {Review of {\it Parts and Places: The Structures of Spatial
  	Representation}, by {R}oberto {C}asati and {A}chille {C}. {V}arzi},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {3},
  pages = {479--481},
  xref = {Review of: casati-varzi:1999a.},
  topic = {spatial-representation;philosophical-ontology;mereology;}  
  } 

@book{ mason_j:1996a,
  author = {Jennifer Mason},
  title = {Qualitative Researching},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {qualitative-methods;}  
 } 

@book{ mason_o:2000a,
  author = {Oliver Mason},
  title = {Programming for Corpus Linguistics: How to Do Text
  	Analysis with {J}ava},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  ISBN = {0 7486 1407 9},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;programming-for-linguists;JAVA;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ massacci:1994a,
  author = {Fabio Massacci},
  title = {Strongly Analytic Tableaux for Normal Modal Logics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on
  	Automated Deduction (CADE'94)},
  editor = {Alan Bundy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {723--737},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {814},
  topic = {proof-theory;modal-logic;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ massacci:1995a,
  author = {Fabio Massacci},
  title = {Superficial Tableau for Contextual Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  pages = {60--67},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;semantic-tableaux;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ massacci:1996a,
  author = {Fabio Massacci},
  title = {Contextual Reasoning Is {NP}-Complete},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {621--626},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ massacci:2000a,
  author = {Fabio Massacci},
  title = {Reduction Rules and Universal Variables for First
        Order Tableaux and {DPLL}},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {186--197},
  topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;constraint-propagation;}  
  } 

@article{ masuko:1997a,
  author = {Mayumi Masuko},
  title = {Review of {\it The Generative Lexicon}, by {J}ames
  	{P}ustejovsky},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {350--353},
  topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;nm-ling;
  	lexical-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ materna:1981a,
  author = {Pavel Materna},
  title = {Question-Like and Non-Question-Like Imperative Sentences},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {393--404},
  topic = {indirect-speech-acts;pragmatics;imperatives;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ materna-sgall:1984a,
  author = {Pavel Materna and Petr Sgall},
  title = {Optional Participants in a Semantic Interpretation
  	(Arity od Predicates and Case Frames of Verbs)},
  booktitle = {Contributions to Functional Syntax, Semantics, and
  	Language Comprehension},
  publisher = {Academia},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Petr Sgall},
  pages = {51--62},
  address = {Prague},
  topic = {argument-structure;}  
  } 

@article{ materna-etall:1987a,
  author = {Pavel Materna and Eva Haji\c{o}v\'a and Petr Sgall},
  title = {Redundant Answers and Topic-Focus Alternation},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {101--113},
  topic = {s-topic;sentence-focus;interrogatives;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ materna:1997a,
  author = {Pavel Materna},
  title = {Rules of Existential Quantification into
		``Intensional Contexts''},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {3},
  pages = {331--343},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@article{ mates:1950a1,
  author = {Benson Mates},
  title = {Synonymity},
  journal = {University of California Publications in Philosophy},
  year = {1950},
  volume = {25},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Republication: mates:1950a2.},
  topic = {synonymity;intensionality;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mates:1950a2,
  author = {Benson Mates},
  title = {Synonymity},
  booktitle = {Semantics and the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Illinois Press},
  year = {1952},
  editor = {Leonard Linsky},
  pages = {111--136},
  address = {Urbana, Illinois},
  xref = {Republication of: mates:1950a1.},
  topic = {synonymity;intensionality;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ mates:1958a,
  author = {Benson Mates},
  title = {On the Verification of Statements about Ordinary Language},
  journal = {Inquiry},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {161--171},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {ordinary-language-philosophy;philosophy-of-language;
  	philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ mates:1973a,
  author = {Benson Mates},
  title = {Dwscriptions and Reference},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {409--418},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ matessa-anderson_j:1999a,
  author = {Michael Matessa and John Anderson},
  title = {Towards an {ACT-R} Model of Communication in
	Problem Solving},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {67--72},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;communication;cognitive-architectures;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mateus-etal:2002a,
  author = {Paulo Mateus and Ant\'onio Pacheco and Javier Pinto},
  title = {Observations and the Probabilistic Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {327--},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ matos-martins:1999a,
  author = {Pedro Matos and Jo\~ao Martins},
  title = {Non-Situation Calculus: Relating {STRIPS} and
		Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
	Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Michael Thielscher},
  pages = {103--119},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {action-formalisms;situation-calculus;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ matsui:1995a,
  author = {Tomoko Matsui},
  title = {Bridging and Relevance},
  school = {University of London},
  year = {1995},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {London},
  topic = {relevance-theory;referring-expressions;bridging-anaphora;}  
 } 

@incollection{ matsui:1998a,
  author = {Tomoko Matsui},
  title = {Assessing a Scenario-Based Account of Bridging Reference
  	Assignment},
  booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida},
  pages = {122--159},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {relevance-theory;referring-expressions;bridging-anaphora;}  
  } 

@incollection{ matsui:1999a,
  author = {Tomoko Matsui},
  title = {On the Role of Context in Relevance-Based Accessibility
  	Ranking of Candidate Referents},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {228--241},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;centering;anaphora-resolution;relevance-theory;
		Japanese-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ matsui:1999b,
  author = {Tomoko Matsui},
  title = {Approaches to {J}apanese Zero Pronouns},
  booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and
  	Reference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu},
  pages = {11--20},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {Japanese-language;anaphora;ellipsis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ matsui:2001a,
  author = {Tomoko Matsui},
  title = {Experimental Pragmatics: Towards Testing
    		Relevance-Based Predictions about Anaphoric Bridging
		Inferences},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {248--260},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;bridging-anaphora;relevance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ matsumoto:1995a,
  author = {Yo Matsumoto},
  title = {The Conversational Condition on {H}orn Scales},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {21--60},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ matsuyama-nitta:1995a,
  author = {Takashi Matsuyama and Tomoaki Nitta},
  title = {Geometric Theorem Proving by Integrated Logical and
  	Algebraic Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {75},
  number = {1},
  pages = {93--113},
  topic = {theorem-proving;algebraic-computation;geometrical-reasoning
  	computer-assisted-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ matthews:2001a,
  author = {Gareth Matthews},
  title = {Review of {\it Order in Multiplicity: Homonymy in the
  	Philosophy of {A}ristotle}, by {C}Hristopher {S}woyer},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {2},
  pages = {267--269},
  xref = {Review of: shields:1999a.},
  topic = {Aristotle;ambiguity;} 
  } 

@article{ matthews_gb:1964a,
  author = {Gareth B. Matthews},
  title = {Ockham's Supposition Theory and Modern Logic},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {73},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--99},
  topic = {medieval-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ matthews_gb-cohem_sm:1967a,
  author = {Gareth B. Matthews and S. Marc Cohen},
  title = {Wants and Lacks},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {64},
  number = {14},
  pages = {455--456},
  topic = {desire;}  
  } 

@article{ matthews_gb:1991a,
  author = {Gareth B. Matthews},
  title = {Review of {\it } , by } ,
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {107},
  number = {2},
  pages = {650--652},
  xref = {Review of: weitz:1988a,},
  topic = {concepts;history-of-philosophy;} 
  } 

@article{ matthewson:1999a,
  author = {Lisa Matthewson},
  title = {On the Interpretation of Wide-Scope Indefinites},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {79--134},
  topic = {indefinites;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ matthiessen:1987a,
  author = {Christian M. Matthiessen},
  year = {1987},
  title = {Notes on the Organization of the Environment of a Text
  	Generation Grammar},
  institution = {University of Southern California, Information Sciences
  	Institute},
  number = {ISI/RS-87-177},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
} 

@incollection{ matthiessen:1991a,
  author = {Christian M. Matthiessen},
  title = {Lexico(Grammatical) Choice in Text Generation},
  booktitle = {Natural Language Generation in Artificial Intelligence
  	and Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Cecile L. Paris and William R. Swartout and William C. Mann},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston},
  pages = {249--292},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
} 

@incollection{ matthiessen-etal:1998a,
  author = {Christian Matthiessen and Licheng Zeng and Marilyn Cross
	and Ichiro Kobayashi and Kazuhiro Teruya and Canzhong Wu},
  title = {The {M}ultex Generator Environment: Application
		and Development},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {228--237},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;machine-translation;multimedia-generation;
  	graphics-generation;}  
  } 

@book{ mauny-derauglaudre:1992a,
  author = {Michel Mauny and Daniel de Rauglaudre},
  title = {Parsers in {Ml}},
  publisher = {Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en
  	Automatique},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Le Chesnay, France},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
  	We present the operational semantics of
    streams and stream matching as discussed in [12].  Streams are data
    structures such as lists, but with different primitive operations.
    Streams not only provide an interface to usual input/output
    channels, but may used [sic] as a data structure per se, holding any
    kind of element.  A special pattern matching construct is dedicated
    to streams and the actual matching process will be called parsing.
    The primary parsing semantics that we propose here is predictive
    parsing, i.e. recursive descent semantics with a one token look-
    ahead:  although this choice seems to restrict us to the recognition
    of LL(1) languages, we show by examples that full functionality and
    parameter passing allow us to write parsers for complex languages.
    The operational semantics of parsers is given by transforming
    parsers into regular functions.  We introduce a non-strict semantics
    of streams by translating stream expressions into more classical
    data structures; we also investigate different sharing mechanisms
    for some of the stream operations.},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
 } 

@incollection{ maus:2001a,
  author = {Heiko Maus},
  title = {Workflow Context as a Means for Intelligent Information
  	Support},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {261--274},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;HCI;}  
  } 

@article{ mavrodes:1966a,
  author = {George Mavrodes},
  title = {Kant's Objection to the Ontological Argument},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {63},
  number = {19},
  pages = {537--550},
  topic = {ontological-argument;Kant;}  
  } 

@article{ maximova:2002a,
  author = {Larisa Maximova},
  title = {Complexity of Interpolation and Related Problems in
  	Positive Calculi},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {397--408},
  topic = {complexity-theory;interpolation-theorems;} 
  } 

@article{ maxwell:2000a,
  author = {Michael Maxwell},
  title = {Review of {\it A Grammar Writer's Cookbook}, by {M}irian
  	{B}utt and {T}racy {H}olloway {K}ing and {M}ar\'ia-{E}ugenia
  	{N}i\~no amd {F}r\'ed\'erique {S}egond},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {260--264},
  xref = {Review of: butt-etal:1999a.},
  topic = {grammatical-writing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ maxwell_jt-kaplan_rm:1981a,
  author = {John T. {Maxwell III} and Ronald M. Kaplan},
  title = {A Method for	Disjunctive Constraint Satisfaction},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  pages = {173--190},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@techreport{ maxwell_jt-kaplan_rm:1990a,
  author = {John T. {Maxwell III} and Ronald M. Kaplan},
  title = {A Method for Disjunctive Constraint Satisfaction},
  number = {ISTL--92--2},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Palo Alto, California},
  institution = {Xerox Palo Alto Research Center},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@article{ maxwell_pc:1974a,
  author = {P.C. Maxwell},
  title = {Alternative Descriptions in Line Drawing Analysis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {325--348},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The paper presents an approach to the formation of structural
     descriptions of idealized line drawings of geometrical shapes.
     Emphasis is placed on the generation of alternative descriptions
     of the drawings, the order in which the alternatives appear
     being in approximate correspondence with the relative ease of
     human perception of the particular articulation.  Precise
     definitions of the objects and relations used are given and
     details are presented of a program which successfully describes
     drawings according to the required criteria.  The method employed
     is to classify the intersections of drawings into various types
     and to postulate various possible configurations of objects and
     relations which could exist at each intersection, the
     descriptive procedure being to verify these hypotheses.
     Alternative descriptions are then generated by considering
     different combinations of the possible configurations.  } ,
  topic = {line-drawings;geometrical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ may:1983a1,
  author = {Robert May},
  title = {Logical Form as a Level of Linguistic Representation},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1983},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  xref = {Republications: may_r:1983a2,may_r:1983a3.},
  topic = {LF;syntax-semantics-interface;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ may_r:1977a1,
  author = {Robert May},
  title = {The Grammar of Quantification},
  school = {Linguistics Department, Massachusetts Institute of
  	Technology},
  year = {1977},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication: may_r:1977a2.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantification;LF;}  
 } 

@book{ may_r:1977a2,
  author = {Robert May},
  title = {The Grammar of Quantification},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  xref = {Republication of: may_r:1977a1.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantification;LF;}  
 } 

@incollection{ may_r:1983a2,
  author = {Robert May},
  title = {Logical Form as a Level of Linguistic Representation},
  booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Ernest LePore},
  pages = {305--336},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Republication of: may_r:1983a1.},
  topic = {LF;syntax-semantics-interface;}  
  } 

@incollection{ may_r:1983a3,
  author = {Robert May},
  title = {Logical Form as a Level of Linguistic
    		Representation},
  booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Peter Ludlow},
  pages = {281--315},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of: may_r:1983a1.},
  topic = {LF;syntax-semantics-interface;}  
  } 

@book{ may_r:1985a,
  author = {Robert May},
  title = {Logical Form: Its Structure and Derivation},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, Massacusetts},
  topic = {LF;syntax-semantics-interface;}  
 } 

@incollection{ may_r:1988a,
  author = {Robert May},
  title = {Bound Variable Anaphora},
  booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and
  	Reality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Ruth Kempson},
  pages = {85--104},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ may_r:1989a,
  author = {Robert May},
  title = {Interpreting Logical Form},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {387--435},
  topic = {LF;nl-semantics;nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;}
  	} 

@article{ may_r:1989b,
  author = {Robert May},
  title = {Preface},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {383--385},
  contentnote = {This is the preface to a special issue on
  	logical form and semantic interpretation.},
  topic = {LF;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ may_s:1976a,
  author = {Sherry May},
  title = {Probability Kinematics:  A Constrained Optimization
  	Problem},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {395--398},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ maybury_mt:1990a,
  author = {Mark T. Maybury},
  title = {Using Discourse Focus, Temporal Focus, and Spatial Focus
  	to Plan Narrative Text},
  booktitle = {Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language
  	Generation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {70--78},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;pragmatics;}  
} 

@article{ maybury_mt:1991a,
  author = {Mark T. Maybury},
  title = {Topical, Temporal and Spatial Constraints on Linguistic
  	Realization},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {266--275},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ maybury_mt:1993a,
  editor = {Mark T. Maybury.},
  title = {Intelligent Multimedia Interfaces},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  ISBN = {0262631504},
  topic = {HCI;multimedia-interpretation;multimedia-generation;}  
 } 

@article{ maydole:1975a,
  author = {Robert Maydole},
  title = {Paradoxes and Many-Valued Set Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {269--291},
  topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;multi-valued-logic;Russell-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ mayer_jc:1981a,
  author = {John C. Mayer},
  title = {A Misplaced Thesis of Conditional Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {235--238},
  contentnote = {This has to do with the problem of disjunctive
  	antecedents.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ mayhew-frisby:1981a,
  author = {John E.W. Mayhew and John P.  Frisby},
  title = {Psychophysical and Computational Studies towards a Theory
  	of Human Stereopsis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {349--385},
  topic = {vision;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ maynardreid-lehmann:2000a,
  author = {Pedrito {Maynard-Reid III} and Daniel Lehmann},
  title = {Representing and Aggregating Conflicting Beliefs},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {153--164},
  topic = {knowledge-integration;epistemic-conflict;}  
  } 

@article{ maynardreid-shoham_y1:2000a,
  author = {Pedrito {Maynard-Reid II} and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Belief Fusion: Aggregating Pedigreed Belief States},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {183--209},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ mayo_b:1963a,
  author = {Bernard Mayo},
  title = {A Note on {A}ustin's Performative Theory of Knowledge},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {28--31},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ mayo_b:1963b,
  author = {Bernard Mayo},
  title = {Review of {\it How to Do Things With Words}, by {J}.{L}.
  	{A}ustin},
  journal = {Philosophical Books},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {4--6},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ mayo_d-hollander_r:1991a,
  editor = {Deborah G. Mayo and Rachelle D. Hollander},
  title = {Acceptable Evidence: Science and Values in Risk
  	Management},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {risk-management;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mayo_d:2000a,
  author = {Deborah G. Mayo},
  title = {Experimental Practice and an Error Statistical Account
  	of Evidence},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S193--S207},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;evidence;}  
  } 

@article{ mays-etal:1991a,
  author = {Eric Mays and Robert Dionne and Robert Weida},
  title = {K-Rep System Overview},
  journal = {{SIGART} Bulletin},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  topic = {kr;kr-systems;}  
      } 

@inproceedings{ mazer:1990a,
  author = {M.S. Mazer},
  title = {A Link Between Knowledge and Communication in Faulty
  	Distributed Systems},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {289--304},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {distributed-systems;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mazlack:1976a,
  author = {Lawrence J. Mazlack},
  title = {Computer Construction of Crossword Puzzles Using
  	Precedence Relationships},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--19},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;crossword-puzzles;}  
  } 

@article{ mcallester:1988a,
  author = {David Allen McAllester},
  title = {Conspiracy Numbers for Min-Max Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {3},
  pages = {287--310},
  topic = {search;conspiracy-number-search;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mcallester:1990a,
  author = {David McAllester},
  title = {Truth Maintenance},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1109--1116},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ mcallester-rosenblitt:1991a,
  author = {David Mc{A}llester and David Rosenblitt},
  title = {Systematic Nonlinear Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown},
  pages = {634--539},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nonklinear-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ mcallester-givan:1992a,
  author = {David A. McAllester and Robert Givan},
  title = {Natural Language Syntax and First-Order Inference},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {56},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--20},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We have argued elsewhere that first-order inference can be made
     more efficient by using nonstandard syntax for first-order
     logic. In this paper we define a syntax for first-order logic
     based on the structure of natural language under Montague
     semantics.  We show that, for a certain fairly expressive
     fragment of this language, satisfiability is polynomial time
     decidable. The polynomial time decision procedure can be used as
     a subroutine in general purpose inference systems and seems to
     be more powerful than analogous procedures based on either
     classical or taxonomic syntax.
  } ,
  topic = {model-construction;polynomial-algorithms;
  	subtheories-of-FOL;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcallister-etal:1989a,
  author = {David Mcallister and Bob Givan and Tanveer Fatima},
  title = {Taxonomic Syntax for First Order Inference},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {289--300},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  contentnote = {Argues that building taxonomy into FOL makes for
  	more efficient theorem-proving.},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-reasoning;theorem-proving;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ mcarthur_rp:1974a,
  author = {Robert P. McArthur},
  title = {Factuality and Modality in the Future Tense},
  journal = {Nous},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {283--288},
  topic = {future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@book{ mcarthur_rp:1991a,
  author = {Robert P. McArthur},
  title = {From Logic to Computing},
  publisher = {Wadsworth Publishing Co.},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Belmont, California},
  ISBN = {0534133207},
  topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ mcarthur_t:1986a,
  author = {Tom McArthur},
  title = {Worlds of Reference: Lexicography, Learning, and Language from
    the Clay Tablet to the Computer},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052130637X},
  topic = {lexicography;}  
 } 

@book{ mcarthur_t:1998a,
  author = {Tom McArthur},
  title = {Living Words: Language, Lexicography, and the Knowledge
    Revolution},
  publisher = {University of Exeter Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Exeter},
  ISBN = {0859896110},
  topic = {lexicography;}  
 } 

@article{ mcburney-parsons:2002a,
  author = {Peter McBurney and Simon Parsons},
  title = {Games that Agents Play: A Formal Framework for Dialogues
  	between Autonomous Agents},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {315--334},
  topic = {game-theory;dialogue-logic;} 
  } 

@book{ mccabe:1992a,
  author = {Francis G. McCabe},
  title = {Logic and Objects},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall International},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {013536079X},
  topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;logic-programming;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mccafferty:1990a,
  author = {Andrew S. McCafferty},
  title = {Speaker Plans, Linguistic Contexts, and Indirect
  	Speech Acts},
  booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson},
  pages = {191--220},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {discourse;implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ mccaffery:1999a,
  author = {Stephen J. McCaffery},
  title = {Compositional Names},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {4},
  pages = {423--445},
  contentnote = {This is actually about complex proper names,
  	e.g. calendar dates.},
  topic = {compound-nouns;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mccain-turner_h:1995a,
  author = {Norman McCain and Hudson Turner},
  title = {A Causal Theory of Ramifications and Qualifications},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1978--1984},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms;qualification-problem;
  	ramification-problem;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mccain-turner_h:1997a,
  author = {Norman McCain and Hudson Turner},
  title = {Causal Theories of Action and Change},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {460--465},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {causality;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccain-turner_h:1998a,
  author = {Norman McCain and Hudson Turner},
  title = {Satisfiability Planning with Causal Theories},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {212--223},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;planning;action-formalisms;causality;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mccain:1999a,
  author = {Norman Mccain},
  title = {Causal Calculator},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;model-construction;}  
  } 

@article{ mccall:1999a,
  author = {Storrs McCall},
  title = {Can a {T}uring Machine Know that the {G}\"odel Sentence
  	Is True?},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {96},
  number = {10},
  pages = {525--532},
  xref = {Commentary: } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-computation;goedels-first-theorem;}  
  } 

@article{ mccall:2001a,
  author = {Storrs McCall},
  title = {Axiomatic Quantum Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {5},
  pages = {465--477},
  topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;formalizations-of-physics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ mccalla-etal:1978a,
  author = {Gordon McCalla and P. Schneider and R. Cohen and H. Levesque},
  title = {Investigations into Planning and Executing in an Independent
      and Continuously Changing Microworld},
  number = {78--2},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto},
  address = {Toronto, Ontario, CANADA M5S 1A7},
  year = {1978},
  topic = {cognitive-robotics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mccalla-etal:1992a,
  author = {Gordon McCalla and Jim Greer and Bryce Barrie and Paul
  	Pospisel},
  title = {Granularity Hierarchies},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {363--375},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;kr-course;granularity;context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccann:1986a,
  author = {Hugh J. McCann},
  title = {Rationality and the Range of Intention},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {191--211},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {intention;action;rationality;}  
  } 

@book{ mccann:1998a,
  author = {Hugh J. McCann},
  title = {The Works of Agency: On Human Action, Will,
  	and Freedom},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  xref = {Review: ginet:2000a.},
  topic = {action;freedom;volition;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_d:1997a,
  author = {Diana McCarthy},
  title = {Word Sense Disambiguation for Acquisitiomn
     		of Selectional Preferences},
  booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of
  	Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari
  	and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks},
  pages = {52--60},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {word-sense;disambiguation;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_d:1998a,
  author = {Diana Mccarthy},
  title = {Review of {\em The Balancing Act},
		by {J}udith {K}lavans and {P}hilip {R}esnik},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {223--227},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1:1959a1,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Programs with Common Sense},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {T}eddington Conference on the
  	Mechanization of Thought Processes},
  year = {1959},
  publisher = {Her Majesty's Stationary Office},
  address = {London},
  pages = {75--91},
  missinginfo = {Editor},
  xref = {Republished: mccarthy_j1:1959a2, mccarthy_j1:1959a3.},
  topic = {common-sense-logicism;AI-classics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1959a2,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Programs With Common Sense},
  booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Ronald Brachman J. and Hector J. Levesque},
  pages = {300--307},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  note = {Originally published 1959.},
  xref = {Republication of mccarthy_j1:1959a1.},
  topic = {common-sense-logicism;AI-classics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1959a3,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Programs With Common Sense},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {9--20},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  xref = {Republication of mccarthy_j1:1959a1.},
  topic = {common-sense-logicism;AI-classics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a1,
  author = {John McCarthy and Patrick J. Hayes},
  title = {Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  editor = {Bernard Meltzer and Donald Michie},
  booktitle = {Machine Intelligence 4},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  pages = {463--502},
  year = {1969},
  xref = {Republications: mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a2,
      mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a3,mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a4.},
  topic = {kr;art-of-formalization;kr-course;}  
} 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a2,
  author = {John McCarthy and Patrick Hayes},
  title = {Some Philosophical Problems
          from the Stanpoint of Artificial Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {431--450},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication of mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a1.},
  topic = {kr;art-of-formalization;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a3,
  author = {John McCarthy and Patrick J. Hayes},
  title = {Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of Artificial
	Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {26--45},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication of mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a1.},
  topic = {kr;art-of-formalization;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a4,
  author = {John McCarthy and Patrick J. Hayes},
  title = {Some Philosophical Problems From the Standpoint of
		Artificial Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {21--63},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  xref = {Republication of mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a1.},
  topic = {kr;art-of-formalization;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_j1:1974a1,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Review of {\it Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey}, by
		{J}ames {L}ighthill},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {317--322},
  contentnote = {This is a useful brief appreciation of what had been
  	accomplished in AI up to 1974.},
  xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1974a2},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1974a2,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Review of {\it Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey}, by
		{J}ames {L}ighthill},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {64--69},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {This is a useful brief appreciation of what had been
  	accomplished in AI up to 1974.},
  xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1974a1},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1:1977a1,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Epistemological Problems of Artificial Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  pages = {1038--1044},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  xref = {Republications: mccarthy_j1:1977a2,mccarthy_j1:1977a3,
  	mccarthy_j1:1977a4,mccarthy_j1:1977a5.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1977a2,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Epistemological Problems of Artificial
          Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {459--472},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {First Published in IJCAI-77; 1977; 1038--1044; see
  	mccarthy_j1:1977a1},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1977a3,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Epistemological Problems of Artificial Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  pages = {23--30},
  xref = {First Published in IJCAI-77; 1977; 1038--1044; see
  	mccarthy_j1:1977a1},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1977a4,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Epistemological Problems of Artificial Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {77--92},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1977a1.},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1977a5,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Epistemological Problems of Artificial
         Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {46--55},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {First Published in IJCAI-77; 1977; 1038--1044; see
  	mccarthy_j1:1977a1},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1979a1,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Ascribing Mental Qualities to Machines},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Humanities Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Martin Ringle},
  pages = {161--195},
  address = {Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey},
  xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1979a2.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1979a2,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Ascribing Mental Qualities to Machines},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {93--118},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1979a1},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1979c1,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {First Order Theories of Individual Concepts and
		Propositions},
  booktitle = {Machine Intelligence 9},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {J.E. Hayes and D. Mitchie and L.I. Mikulich},
  pages = {129--148},
  address = {Chichester, England},
  xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1979c2},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1979c2,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {First Order Theories of Individual Concepts and
		Propositions},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {119--141},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1979c1.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@techreport{ mccarthy_j1-etal:1979b,
  author = {John McCarthy and M. Sato and T. Hayashi and S. Igarishi},
  title = {On the Model Theory of Knowledge},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University},
  number = {STAN--CS--78--657},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_j1:1980a1,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Circumscription---A Form of Non-Monotonic Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {27--39},
  year = {1980},
  xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1980a2.},
  topic = {kr;circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1980a2,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Circumscription---A Form of Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {142--157},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1980a1.},
  topic = {kr;circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1982a1,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {The Common Business Communication Language},
  booktitle = {Textverarbeitung und {B}\"urosysteme},
  publisher = {R. Oldenbourg Verlag},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {A. Endres and J. Reetz},
  pages = {71--74},
  address = {Munich and Vienna},
  xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1982a2.},
  topic = {artificial-communication;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1982a2,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {The Common Business Communication Language},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {175--186},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1982a1.},
  topic = {artificial-communication;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_j1:1983a1,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {{AI} Needs More Emphasis on Basic Research},
  journal = {{AI} Magazine},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {4},
  missinginfo = {number,pages},
  xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1983a2.},
  topic = {AI-editorial;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1983a2,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {{AI} Needs More Emphasis on Basic Research},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {187--188},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1983a1.},
  topic = {AI-editorial;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_j1:1983b1,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {The Little Thoughts of Thinking Machines},
  journal = {Psychology Today},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {17},
  number = {12},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1983b2.},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1983b2,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {The Little Thoughts of Thinking Machines},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {179--186},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1983b1.},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1984a1,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Some Expert Systems Need Common Sense},
  booktitle = {Computer Culture: the Scientific,
  	Intellectual and Social Impact of the Computer},
  editor = {H. Pagels},
  series = {Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences},
  volume = {426},
  publisher = {The New York Academy of Sciences},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {129--137},
  xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1984a2.},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1984a2,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Some Expert Systems Need Common Sense},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {189--197},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1984a1.},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_j1:1986a1,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Applications of Circumscription to Formalizing Common
  	Sense Knowledge},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  xref = {Republications: mccarthy_j1:1986a2,mccarthy_j1:1986a2.},
  topic = {circumscription;common-sense-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1986a2,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Applications of Circumscription to Formalizing Common
  	Sense Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {198--225},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1986a1.},
  topic = {circumscription;common-sense-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1986a3,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Applications of Circumscription to
         Formalizing Common-Sense Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {153--166},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1986a1.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_j1:1987a1,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Generality in Artificial Intelligence},
  journal = {Communications of the {ACM}},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {30},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1030--1035},
  xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1987a2.},
  topic = {art-of-formalization;AI-and-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1987a2,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Generality in Artificial Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {226--236},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  xref = {Republication of mccarthy_j1:1987a1.},
  topic = {art-of-formalization;AI-and-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_j1-lifschitz:1987a2,
  author = {John McCarthy and Vladimir Lifschitz},
  title = {Commentary on {M}c{D}ermott},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {196--197},
  xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_j1:1988a1,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Mathematical Logic in Artificial Intelligence},
  journal = {Daedelus},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {297--311},
  missinginfo = {number, volume},
  xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1988a2.},
  topic = {logic-in-AI-survey;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1988a2,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Mathematical Logic in Artificial Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {237--249},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  xref = {Republication of mccarthy_j1:1988a1.},
  topic = {AI-and-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1989a,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence, Logic, and Formalizing Common
  	Sense},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Richmond Thomason},
  pages = {161--190},
  address = {Dordrecht, Holland},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;context;common-sense-knowledge;
		logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_j1:1990a1,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Circumscription---a Form of Non-Monotonic Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {27--39},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1990a2.},
  topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1990a2,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Circumscription---a Form of Non-Monotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {145--152},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: mccarthy_j1:1990a1.},
  topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1990b,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {An Example for Natural Language Understanding and
		the {AI} Problems it Raises},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {70--76},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {This is a useful survey of issues in
  	NL-understanding.  Use this for demonstration purposes?},
  topic = {narrative-understanding;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1990c,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Formalization of Two Puzzles Involving Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {158--166},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1990d,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Coloring Maps and the {K}owalski Doctrine},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {167--174},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {logic-programming;graph-coloring;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_j1:1993a,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {History of Circumscription},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {23--26},
  topic = {history-of-AI;circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1:1993b,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Notes on Formalizing Contexts},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {555--560},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {context;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ mccarthy_j1:1995a,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Situation Calculus with Concurrent Events and Narrative},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Available by anonymous ftp at sail.stanford.edu.
 	This paper is labled ``Non Citable Draft.''
	It should not be quoted.},
  contentnote = {Deals with concurrence in Situation Calculus.  --RT},
  topic = {concurrent-actions;situation-calculus;STRIPS;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1:1995b,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Varieties of Formalized Contexts and Subcontexts},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  pages = {6},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  note = {Abstract.},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1:1995c,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Making Robots Conscious of Their Mental States},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Representing Mental States and Mechanisms},
  year = {1995},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  note = {Accessible via http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/.},
  topic = {consciousness;philosophy-AI;} ,
 } 

@unpublished{ mccarthy_j1-buvac:1995a1,
   author = {John McCarthy and Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c}},
   title = {Formalizing Context (Expanded Notes)},
   year = {1995},
   note = {Available from http://www-formal.stanford.edu/buvac.},
   xref = {Publication in edited collection:
   	mccarthy_j1-buvac:1995a2.},
   topic = {context;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1-buvac:1995a2,
  author = {John McCarthy and Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c}},
  title = {Formalizing Context (Expanded Notes)},
  booktitle = {Computing Natural Language},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl},
  pages = {13--50},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  xref = {Repubication of:  mccarthy_j1-buvac:1995a1.},
  title = {From Here to Human-Level {AI}},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {640--646},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-AI;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_j1:1996b,
  author = {John Mccarthy},
  title = {{H}ubert {D}reyfus, {\it What Computers Still Can't Do}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {80},
  number = {1},
  pages = {143--150},
  xref = {Review of dreyfus:1992a.},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_j1:1997a,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Modality Si! Modal Logic, No!},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--32},
  topic = {foundations-of-modal-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1-buvac:1997a1,
  author = {John McCarthy and Buva\v{c}},
  title = {Formalizing Context (Expanded Notes)},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {99--135},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  xref = {Publication in collection: mccarthy_j1-buvac:1997a2.},
  topic = {context;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1-buvac:1997a2,
  author = {John McCarthy and Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c}},
  title = {Formalizing Context (Expanded Notes)},
  booktitle = {Computing Natural Language},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl},
  pages = {13--50},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  xref = {Workshop publication: mccarthy_j1-buvac:1997a1.},
  topic = {context;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1:1998a,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Approximate Theories Involving Causality},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  year = {1998},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  pages = {52},
  note = {Abstract.},
  topic = {causality;situation-calculus;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1-costello:1998a,
  author = {John McCarthy and Tom Costello0},
  title = {Combining Narratives},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {48--59},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;narrative-representation;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1-costello:1998b,
  author = {John McCarthy and Tom Costello},
  title = {Useful Counterfactuals and Approximate Theories},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  year = {1998},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  pages = {44--51},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1:1999a,
  author = {John Mccarthy},
  title = {Concepts of Logical {AI}},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;common-sense-logicism;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_j1-costello:1999a,
  author = {John McCarthy and Tom Costello},
  title = {Useful Counterfactuals},
  journal = {Link\"oping Electronic Articles in Computer and
  	Information Science},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {4},
  number = {12},
  note = {Available at http://www.ep.liu.se/ea/cis/1999/012/.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1:2000a,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Approximate Objects and Approximate Theories},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {519--526},
  topic = {approximate-objects;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:2000b,
  author = {John Mccarthy},
  title = {Concepts of Logical {AI}},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {37--56},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;common-sense-logicism;foundations-of-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_j1:2000c,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Review of {\it Solving the Frame Problem}, by
  	{M}urray {S}hanahan},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {123},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {269--270},
  xref = {Review of: shanahan:1997a.  Response: shanahan:2000a.},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;krcourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:2002a,
  author = {John McCarthy},
  title = {Actions and Other Events in Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {615--626},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;reasoning-about-actions;situation-calculus;} 
  } 

@techreport{ mccarthy_j2-prince:1993a,
  author = {John McCarthy and Alan Prince},
  title = {Generalized Alignment},
  institution = {Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers University},
  number = {TR--7},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Piscataway, New Jersey},
  topic = {phonology;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ mccarthy_t:1982a,
  author = {Timothy McCarthy},
  title = {Content, Character, and Natural Kinds},
  year = {1982},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University
  	of Michigan},
  topic = {context;indexicality;natural-kinds;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ mccarthy_t:1982b,
  author = {Timothy McCarthy},
  title = {Representation, Intentionality, and Quantifiers},
  year = {1982},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of Michigan},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_t:1985a,
  author = {Timothy McCarthy},
  title = {Abstraction and Definability in Semantically Closed Structures},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {255--266},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;model-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_t:1987a,
  author = {Timothy Mccarthy},
  title = {Modality, Invariance, and Logical Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  number = {4},
  pages = {423--443},
  topic = {analyticity;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_t:1988a,
  author = {Timothy Mccarthy},
  title = {Ungroundedness in Classical Languages},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1},
  pages = {61--74},
  topic = {(un)groundedness;semantic-closure;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarthy_tg:1994a,
  author = {Timothy G. Mccarthy},
  title = {Self-Reference and Incompleteness in a Non-Monotonic Setting},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {4},
  pages = {423--449},
  topic = {self-reference;(in)completeness;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarty_dc:1983a,
  author = {Charles McCarty},
  title = {Intuitionism: An Introduction to a Seminar},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {105--149},
  topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ mccarty_dc:1984a,
  author = {David Charles McCarty},
  title = {Realizability and Recursive Mathematics},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
  	University},
  number = {CMU--CS--84--131},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {constructive-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarty_dc:1987a,
  author = {Charles McCarty},
  title = {Variations on a Thesis: Intuitionism and Computability},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {28},
  number = {4},
  pages = {536--580},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;intuitionistic-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarty_dc-tennant_n:1987a,
  author = {Charles McCarty and Neil Tennant},
  title = {Skolem's Paradox and Constructivism},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  number = {2},
  pages = {165--202},
  contentnote = {Discusses in some detail why Skolem's theorem doesn't
  	arise on a constructive approach.  Basically, nonstandard
	models tend to be nonconstructive.},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarty_dc:1996a,
  author = {David Charles McCarty},
  title = {Undecidability and Intuitionistic Incompleteness},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {5},
  pages = {559--565},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mccarty_lt-sridharan:1981a,
  author = {L. Thorne McCarty and N. S. Sridharan},
  title = {The Representation of an Evolving System of Legal
  Concepts: II. Prototypes and Deformations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Patrick J. Hayes},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {legai-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarty_lt-vandermeyden:1992a,
  author = {L. Thorne McCarty and Ron {van der Meyden}},
  title = {Reasoning about Indefinite Actions},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {59--70},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;action;circumscription;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccarty_lt:1994a,
  author = {L. Thorne McCarty},
  title = {Modalities Over Actions {I}.  Model Theory.},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {437--449},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;deontic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarty_lt:1994b,
  author = {L. Thorne McCarty},
  title = {Defeasible Deontic Reasoning},
  journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {125--148},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mccarty_lt:1995a,
  author = {L . Thorne McCarty},
  title = {An Implementation of {E}isner v. {M}acomber},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  pages = {68--78},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;legal-AI;legal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ mccarty_r:2002a,
  author = {Richard McCarty},
  title = {The Maxims Problem},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {99},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--44},
  topic = {ethics;Kant;intention;philosophy-of-action;} 
  } 

@article{ mccawley:1970a1,
  author = {James D. McCawley},
  title = {English as a {VSO} Language},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {46},
  pages = {286--299},
  xref = {Republication: mccawley:1970a2.},
  topic = {generative-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccawley:1970a2,
  author = {James D. McCawley},
  title = {English as a {VSO} Language},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {116--128},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: mccawley:1970a1.},
  topic = {generative-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ mccawley:1971a,
  author = {James McCawley},
  title = {Notes on the {E}nglish Present Perfect},
  journal = {Australian Journal of Linguistics},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {81--90},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccawley:1971b,
  author = {James D. McCawley},
  title = {Where Do Noun Phrases Come From?},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {217--231},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {generative-semantics;noun-phrases;nl-semantics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ mccawley:1972a,
  author = {James D. McCawley},
  title = {A Program for Logic},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {498--544},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;generative-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ mccawley:1973a,
  author = {James McCawley},
  title = {Fodor on Where the Action Is},
  journal = {The Monist},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {57},
  pages = {396--407},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {action;Donald-Davidson;}  
  } 

@article{ mccawley:1974a,
  author = {James McCawley},
  title = {If and only if},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {632--635},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {`only';only-if;sentence-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mccawley:1975a,
  author = {James D. McCawley},
  title = {Conversational Implicature and the Lexicon},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {245--258},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {implicature;}  
  } 

@article{ mccawley:1981a,
  author = {James D. McCawley},
  title = {The Syntax and Semantics of {E}nglish Relative Clauses},
  journal = {Lingua},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {53},
  pages = {99--149},
  topic = {relative-clauses;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;
		English-language;}  
  } 

@book{ mccawley:1981b,
  author = {James D. McCawley},
  title = {Everything That Linguists Have Always Wanted to Know
        about Logic$^*$ ($^*$But Were Ashamed to Ask)},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {logic-intro;logic-and-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ mccawley:1981c,
  author = {James D. McCawley},
  title = {Notes on the {E}nglish Present Perfect},
  journal = {Australian Journal of Linguistics},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {81--90},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {tense-aspect;perfective-aspect;}  
  } 

@article{ mccawley:1982a,
  author = {James D. McCawley},
  title = {Parentheticals and Discontinuous Constituents},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {91--106},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {parentheticals;discontinuous-constituents;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ mccawley:1983a,
  author = {James D. McCawley},
  title = {Speech Acts and {G}offman's Participant Roles},
  year = {1983},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department,
  	University of Chicago.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {speech-acts;participant-roles;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ mccawley:1989a,
  author = {James Mccawley},
  title = {\,`Would' and `Might' in Counterfactual Conditionals},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department,
  	University of Chicago.},
  topic = {conditionals;modal-auxiliaries;}  
  } 

@book{ mccawley:1998a,
  author = {James D. McCawley},
  title = {The Syntactic Phenomena of {E}nglish},
  publisher = {The University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0-226-55629-8 (pbk)},
  xref = {Review: kruijffkorbayova:2000a.},
  topic = {nl-syntax;English-language;}  
 } 

@article{ mccawley:1999a,
  author = {James D. McCawley},
  title = {Participant Roles, Frames, and Speech Acts},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {6},
  pages = {595--619},
  topic = {speech-acts;sociolinguistics;discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ mccay:1991a,
  author = {Thomas J. McCay},
  title = {Representing {\it De Re} Beliefs},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {6},
  pages = {711--739},
  topic = {individual-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcclennen:1985a,
  author = {Edward F. McClennen},
  title = {Prisoner's Dilemma and Resolute Choice},
  booktitle = {Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation},
  publisher = {The University of British Columbia Press},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {94--104},
  address = {Vancouver},
  topic = {rationality;prisoner's-dilemma;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcclennen:1988a,
  author = {Edward F. McClennen},
  title = {Sure-Thing Doubts},
  booktitle = {Decision, Probability, Utility:  Selected Readings},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors and Nils-Eric Sahlin},
  pages = {166--182},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {decision-theory;dominance;}  
  } 

@book{ mcclennen:1990a,
  author = {Edward F. McClennen},
  title = {Rationality and Dynamic Choice},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {decision-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ mcclintock:1995a,
  author = {Alexander McClintock},
  title = {The Convergence of Machine and Human Nature: A Critique
  	of the Computer Metaphor of Mind and Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Avebury},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Aldershot},
  ISBN = {1856289974},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
 } 

@article{ mcclusky-porteous:1997a,
  author = {T.L. McClusky and J.M. Porteous},
  title = {Engineering and Compiling Planning Domain Models to Promote
  	Validity and Efficiency},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {95},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--65},
  topic = {planning;domain-modeling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcconachy-etal:1998a,
  author = {Richard McConachy and Kevin B. Korb and Ingrid Zuckerman},
  title = {A {B}ayesian Approach to Automating Argumentation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Natural Language
	Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {David M.W. Powers},
  pages = {91--100},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;nl-generation;probabilistic-reasoning;
  	argumentation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mcconachy-etal:1999a,
  author = {Richard McConachy and Ingrid Zukerman},
  title = {Dialogue Requirements for Argumentation Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jan Alexandersson},
  pages = {89--96},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;argumentation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mcconnelginet:1994a,
  author = {Sally Mcconnell-Ginet},
  title = {On the Non-Optimality of Certain Modifiers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{IV}},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann},
  pages = {230--250},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;middle-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ mcconnellginet:1986a,
  author = {Sally Mcconnel-Ginet},
  title = {Review of {\em Situations and Attitudes}, by {J}on {B}arwise
		and {J}ohn {P}erry},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {62},
  number = {2},
  pages = {433--437},
  topic = {situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ mccord:1980a,
  author = {Edward L. McCord},   
  title = {The Groundwork of cultural Anthropology},
  school = {Philosophy Department, University of Pittsburgh},
  year = {1980},
  type = {Ph.D. Dissertation},
  address = {Pittsburgh},
  topic = {cultural-anthropology;linguistic-relativity;
  	philosophy-of-anthropology;philosophy-of-social-science;} 
 } 

@article{ mccord:1982a,
  author = {Michael C. McCord},
  title = {Using Slots and Modifiers in Logic Grammars for Natural
  	Language},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {327--367},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In this paper, ideas are presented for the expression of natural
     language grammars in clausal logic, following the work of
     Colmerauer, Kowalski, Dahl, Warren, and F. Pereira.  A uniform
     format for syntactic structures is proposed, in which every
     syntactic item consists of a central predication, a cluster of
     modifiers, a list of features, and a determiner.  The modifiers
     of a syntactic item are again syntactic items (of the same
     format), and a modifier's determiner shows its function in the
     semantic structure.  Rules for semantic interpretation are given
     which include the determination of scoping of modifiers (with
     quantifier scoping as a special case).  In the rules for syntax,
     the notions of slots and slot-filling play an important role,
     based on previous work by the author.  The ideas have been tested
     in an English data base query system, implemented in Prolog.
  } ,
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;nl-semantics;logic-programming;
  	nl-processing;}  
  } 

@book{ mccorduck:1979a,
  author = {Pamela McCorduck},
  title = {Machines Who Think: A Personal Inquiry into the History and
    Prospects of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {San Francisco: W. H. Freeman},
  year = {1979},
  address = {San},
  ISBN = {0716710722},
  topic = {popular-AI;cs-journalism;AI-philosophy;history-AI;}  
 } 

@article{ mccoy:1989a,
  author = {Kathleen F. McCoy},
  title = {Generating Context Sensitive Responses to Object-Related
  	Misconceptions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {41},
  number = {2},
  pages = {157--195},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;context;pragmatics;
  	misconception-detection;}  
} 

@incollection{ mccoy:1989b,
  author = {Kathleen F. McCoy},
  title = {Highlighting a User Model to Respond to
  	Misconceptions},
  booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {233--254},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {user-modeling;nl-generation;misconception-detection;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ mccoy-etal:1992a,
  author = {Kathleen F. McCoy and K. Vijay-Shanker and Gijoo Yang},
  title = {A Functional Approach to Generation With {TAG}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Henry S. Thompson},
  pages = {48--55},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {nl-generation;TAG-grammars;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mccoy-strube:1999a,
  author = {Kathleen F. McCoy and Michael Strube},
  title = {Generating Anaphoric Expressions: Pronoun or Definite
  	Description?},
  booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and
  	Reference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu},
  pages = {63--71},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {anaphora;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@article{ mcdermott_d:1976a1,
  author = {Drew McDermott},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence Meets Natural Stupidity},
  journal = {Newsletter of the Special Interest Group on Artificial
  	Intelligence of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputing {M}achinery
	({SIGART} Newsletter)},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {57},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Republished: mcdermott:1976a2.},
  topic = {AI-editorial;AI-methodology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcdermott_d:1976a2,
  author = {Drew McDermott},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence Meets Natural Stupidity},
  booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {John Haugeland},
  pages = {143--160},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Originally Published: mcdermott:1976a1.},
  topic = {AI-editorial;AI-methodology;}  
  } 

@article{ mcdermott_d:1978a1,
  author = {Drew Mcdermott},
  title = {Planning and Acting},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {78--109},
  year = {1978},
  xref = {Republished in Readings in Planning; see mcdermott_d:1978b3.},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;action;}  
 } 

@article{ mcdermott_d:1978b,
  author = {Drew McDermott},
  title = {Tarskian Semantics, or No Notation Without Denotation!},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  volume = {2},
  year = {1978},
  pages = {277--282},
  topic = {logic-AI;}  
    } 

@article{ mcdermott_d-doyle_j:1980a1,
  author = {Drew McDermott and Jon Doyle},
  title = {Non-Monotonic Logic {I}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {41--72},
  xref = {Republication: mcdermott_d-doyle_j:1980a2.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcdermott_d-doyle_j:1980a2,
  author = {Drew McDermott and Jon Doyle},
  title = {Non-Monotonic Logic {I}},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {111--126},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication of: mcdermott_d-doyle_j:1980a1.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mcdermott_d:1982a,
 author = {Drew McDermott},
 title = {Nonmonotonic Logic {II}: Nonmonotonic Modal Theories},
 journal = {Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery},
 year = {1982},
 volume = {29},
 number = {1},
 pages = {33--57},
 topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ mcdermott_d:1982b1,
  author = {Drew Mcdermott},
  title = {A Temporal Logic for Reasoning about Processes and Plans},
  year = {1982},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {101--155},
  xref = {Republished in Readings in Planning; see mcdermott_d:1982b2.},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mcdermott_d:1982b2,
  author = {Drew McDermott},
  title = {A Temporal Logic for Reasoning about Processes and Plans},
  booktitle = {Readings in Planning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {James F. Allen and James Hendler and Austin Tate},
  pages = {436--463},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Originally in Cognitive Science 6; 1982; 101--105. See
  	mcdermott_d:1982b1.},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcdermott_d:1982b3,
  author = {Drew McDermott},
  title = {Planning and Acting},
  booktitle = {Readings in Planning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {James F. Allen and James Hendler and Austin Tate},
  pages = {225--244},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Originally in Cognitive Science 2; 1978; 71--109. See
  	mcdermott_d:1978b1.},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;action;}  
  } 

@article{ mcdermott_d-davis:1984a,
  author = {Drew McDermott and Ernest Davis},
  title = {Planning Routes through Uncertain Territory},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {107--156},
  topic = {route-planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcdermott_d:1985a,
  author = {Drew McDermott},
  title = {Reasoning about Plans},
  booktitle = {Formal Theories of the Commonsense World},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Robert C. Moore},
  pages = {269--317},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ mcdermott_d:1987a,
  author = {Drew McDermott},
  title = {A Critique of Pure Reason},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {151--160},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ mcdermott_d:1987b,
  author = {Drew McDermott},
  title = {Reply},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {223--227},
  note = {To comments on ``Critique of Pure Reason,'' by
  	Drew McDermott.},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mcdermott_d:1987c,
  author = {Drew McDermott},
  title = {{AI}, Logic, and the Frame Problem},
  booktitle = {The Frame Problem in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings
  	of the 1987 Workshop},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Frank M. Brown},
  pages = {105--118},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {kr;frame-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcdermott_d:1987d,
  author = {Drew McDermott},
  title = {We've Been Framed: Or, Why {AI} Is
         Innocent of the Frame Problem},
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem in Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {113--122},
  topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;}  
    } 

@article{ mcdermott_d:1991a,
  author = {Drew McDermott},
  title = {A General Framework For Reason Maintenance},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {50},
  number = {3},
  pages = {289--329},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@article{ mcdermott_d:1993a,
  author = {Drew McDermott},
  title = {Review of {\it Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems:
  	Representation and Inference in the {CYC} Project}, by
	{D}.{B}. {L}enat and {R}.{V}. {G}uha},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {61},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--63},
  xref = {Review of lenat-guha:1989a.},
  topic = {kr;large-kr-systems;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ mcdermott_d-hendler:1995a,
  author = {Drew McDermott and James Hendler},
  title = {Planning: What It Is, What It Could Be, An Introduction to
  	the Special Issue on Planning and Scheduling},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--16},
  topic = {planning;scheduling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcdermott_d:1997a,
  author = {Drew McDermott},
  title = {Probabilistic Projection in Planning},
  booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Oliviero Stock},
  pages = {247--287},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {planning;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@article{ mcdermott_d:1999a,
  author = {Drew McDermott},
  title = {Using Regression-Match Graphs to Control Search
		in Planning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {109},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {111--159},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;search;graph-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ mcdermott_j1:1980a,
  author = {John McDermott},
  title = {Review of {\it Principles of Artificial
  	lntelligence}, by {N}ils J. {N}ilsson},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {127--131},
  xref = {Review of nilsson_nj:1980a.},
  topic = {ai-intro;}  
  } 

@article{ mcdermott_j1:1982a,
  author = {John McDermott},
  title = {{R1}: A Rule-Based Configurer of Computer Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39--88},
  topic = {expert-systems;automated-configuration;}  
  } 

@article{ mcdermott_j1:1993a,
  author = {John McDermott},
  title = {R1 (`XCON') at Age 12: Lessons from an Elementary
  	School Achiever},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {241--247},
  topic = {expert-systems;rule-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ mcdermott_j2:1990a,
  author = {John McDermott},
  title = {Punctuation for Now},
  publisher = {The MacMillan Press},
  address = {Hong Kong},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
 } 

@article{ mcdermott_m:1996a,
  author = {Michael McDermott},
  title = {On the Truth Conditions of Certain `If'-Sentences},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--37},
  topic = {conditionals;indicative-conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ mcdermott_m:2002a,
  author = {Michael McDermott},
  title = {Causation: Influence Versus Sufficiency},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {99},
  number = {2},
  pages = {84--101},
  topic = {causality;conditionals;} 
  } 

@article{ mcdonald_be:2000a,
  author = {Brian Edison McDonald},
  title = {On Meaningfulness and Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {5},
  pages = {433--482},
  topic = {truth-definitions;liar-paradox;meaningfulness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcdonald_dd:1983a,
  author = {David D. McDonald},
  title = {Natural Language Generation as a Computational Problem: An
  	Introduction},
  booktitle = {Computational Models of Discourse},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Michael Brady  and Robert Berwick},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  pages = {209--265},
  topic = {nl-generation;pragmatics;}  
} 

@article{ mcdonald_dd:1983b,
  author = {David D. McDonald},
  title = {Description Directed Control: Its Implications
  	for Natural Language Generation},
  journal = {Computers and Mathematics},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {111--130},
  xref = {Also in {\em Readings in Natural Language Processing},
  	Grosz, Sparck Jones and Webber eds., Morgan-Kaufmann, 1986},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ mcdonald_dd-pustejovsky:1985a,
  author = {David D. McDonald and James D. Pustejovsky},
  title = {Description-Directed Natural Language Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi},
  pages = {799--805},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mcdonald_dd:1991a,
  author = {David D. McDonald},
  title = {On the Place of Words in the Generation Process},
  booktitle = {Natural Language Generation in Artificial Intelligence
  	and Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Cecile L. Paris and William R. Swartout and William C. Mann},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston},
  pages = {229--247},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
} 

@incollection{ mcdonald_dd:1992a,
  author = {David McDonald},
  title = {Type-Driven Suppression of Redundancy in the
  	Generation of Inference-Rich Reports},
  pages = {73--88},
  booktitle = {Aspects of Automated Natural Language Generation:
  	   6th International Workshop on Natural Language Generation},
  editor = {Robert Dale and Eduard Hovy and Dietmar {R\"osner} and
  	   Oliviero Stock},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 587},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  year = {1992},
  topic = {nl-generation;redundancy-elimination;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcdonald_dd:1998a,
  author = {David D. McDonald},
  title = {Controlled Realization of Complex
		Objects by Reversing the Output of a Parser},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {38--47},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;nl-generation-and-interpretation;}  
  } 

@book{ mcdonough-plunkett:1986a,
  editor = {J. McDonough and B. Plunkett},
  title = {{NELS 17}: Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference of the
  	{N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  publisher = {GLSA Publications},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications:
  	http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.},
  topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mcdougal:1995a,
  author = {Timothy McDougal},
  title = {A Model of Interaction with Geometry Diagrams},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {691--709},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {diagrams;geometrical-reasoning;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcdowell_jh:1976a,
  author = {John McDowell},
  title = {Truth Conditions, Bivalence, and Verificationisn},
  booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Gareth Evans and John McDowell},
  pages = {42--66},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nl-semantics;truth-definitions;truth-value-gaps;
  	verificationalism;}  
  } 

@article{ mcdowell_jh:1977a,
  author = {John McDowell},
  title = {On the Sense and Reference of a Proper Name},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {86},
  pages = {159--185},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {proper-names;sense-reference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcdowell_jh:1980a,
  author = {John McDowell},
  title = {Meaning, Communication, and Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Subjects: Essays Presented to {P}.{F}. Strawson},
  year = {1980},
  editor = {Zak {van Stratten}},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  pages = {117--139},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language;
  	speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ mcdowell_jh:1992a,
  author = {John H. McDowell},
  title = {Putnam on Mind and Meaning},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {35--48},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;reference;}  
  } 

@book{ mcdowell_jh:1998a,
  author = {John H. McDowell},
  title = {Mind, Value, and Reality},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0674576136 (hardcover)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@book{ mcdowell_jh:1998b,
  author = {John H. McDowell},
  title = {Meaning, Knowledge, and Reality},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0674557778 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@book{ mcenery:1992a,
  author = {Tony McEnery},
  title = {Computational Linguistics : A Handbook \& Toolbox For Natural
    Language Processing},
  publisher = {Sigma},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Wilmslow},
  ISBN = {1850582475},
  topic = {nl-processing;corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mcenery-etal:1997a,
  author = {Tony McEnery and John Paul Baker and John Hutchinson},
  title = {A Corpus-Based Grammar Tutor},
  booktitle = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  pages = {209--219},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;language-instruction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcenery-etal:1997b,
  author = {Tony McEnery and Jean-Marc Lang\'e and Michael Oakes
    		and Jean V\'eronis},
  title = {The Exploitation of Multilingual
		Annotated Corpora for Term Extraction},
  booktitle = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  pages = {220--230},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcenery-rayson:1997a,
  author = {Tony McEnery and Paul Rayson},
  title = {A Corpus/Annotation Toolbox},
  booktitle = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  pages = {194--208},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;}  
  } 

@book{ mcenery-wilson_a:2001a,
  author = {Tony McEnery and Andrew Wilson},
  title = {Corpus Linguistics},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  ISBN = {0-7486-0482-0},
  xref = {Review: kirk:1998a},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ mcgee:1981a,
  author = {Vann Mcgee},
  title = {Finite Matrices and the Logic of Conditionals},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {349--351},
  contentnote = {Shows that there is no characteristic finite
  	matrix for Adams' logic of conditionals.},
  topic = {conditionals;finite-matrix;}  
  } 

@article{ mcgee:1985a,
  author = {Vann McGee},
  title = {A Counterexample to Modus Ponens},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {82},
  pages = {462--471},
  xref = {Comments, Criticism: katz_bj:1999a.},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;}  
 } 

@article{ mcgee:1985b,
  author = {Vann McGee},
  title = {How Truthlike Can a Predicate Be?  A Negative Result},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {399--410},
  topic = {truthlikeness;}  
  } 

@book{ mcgee:1988a,
  author = {Vann McGee},
  title = {Truth, Vagueness, and Paradox: An Essay on the Logic
  	of Truth},
  publisher = {Hackett Publishing Co.},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Indianapolis},
  ISBN = {0-87220-087-6},
  topic = {truth;vagueness;semantic-paradoxes;}  
 } 

@book{ mcgee:1990a,
  author = {Vann McGee},
  title = {Truth, Vagueness and Paradox},
  publisher = {Hackett Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Indianapolis},
  topic = {truth;vagueness;semantic-paradoxes;}  
 } 

@article{ mcgee:1992a,
  author = {Vann Mcgee},
  title = {Two Problems with {T}arski's Theory of Consequence},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {92},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {273--292},
  topic = {logical-consequence;philosophy-of-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ mcgee:1992b,
  author = {Vann McGee},
  title = {Maximal Consistent Sets of Instances of {T}arski's Schema
		(T)},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {235--241},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ mcgee:1993a,
  author = {Vann Mcgee},
  title = {A Semantic Conception of Truth?},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {83--111},
  topic = {truth;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcgee:1994a,
  author = {Vann McGee},
  title = {Learning the Impossible},
  booktitle = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational
       Decision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {179--199},
  editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {probability;primitive-conditional-probability;
  	nonstandard-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ mcgee:1996a,
  author = {Vann McGee},
  title = {Logical Operations},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {6},
  pages = {567--580},
  contentnote = {The idea is to use invarience under a set of permutations
  	of models to characterize logical operations.},
  topic = {foundations-of-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mcgee:1997a,
  author = {Vann McGee},
  title = {How We Learn Mathematical Language},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {106},
  number = {1},
  pages = {35--68},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ mcgee-mclaughlin_bp:1998a,
  author = {Vann Mcgee and Brian P. McLaughlin},
  title = {Review of {\it Vagueness}, by {T}imothy {W}illiamson},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {221--235},
  xref = {Review of: williamson_t:1996a.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ mcgee:2000a,
  author = {Vann McGee},
  title = {Review of {\it Logic, Logic and Logic}, by {G}eorge
  	{B}oolos},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {58--62},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mcgee:2001a,
  author = {Vann Mcgee},
  title = {Review of {\it The Concept of Logical Consequence}, 
  	by {J}ohn {E}tchemendy},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {379--380},
  xref = {Review of etchemendy:1990a.},
  topic = {logical-consequence;Tarski;}  
  } 

@article{ mcgeer:1996a,
  author = {Victoria McGeer},
  title = {Is `Self-Knowledge' an Empirical Problem?
  	Renegotiating the Space of Philosophical Explanation},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {93},
  number = {10},
  pages = {483--515},
  topic = {self-knowledge;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ mcgilvray:1978a,
  author = {James A. McGilvray},
  title = {Tense and Temporal Perspective},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {nl-tense;indexicality;}  
  } 

@book{ mcgilvray:1999a,
  author = {James A. McGilvray},
  title = {Chomsky: Language, Mind, and Politics},
  publisher = {Polity Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0-7456-1887-1},
  topic = {Chomsky;philosophy-and-linguistics;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@book{ mcginn:1983a,
  author = {Colin Mcginn},
  title = {The Subjective View: Secondary Qualities and Indexical Thoughts},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {indexicals;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mcginn:1984a,
  author = {Colin McGinn},
  title = {The Concept of Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {529--554},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {knowledge;knowing-who;}  
  } 

@article{ mcglone:1996a,
  author = {M.S. McGlone},
  title = {Conceptual Metaphors and Figurative Language
  	Interpretation: Food for Thought?},
  journal = {Journal of Memory and Language},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {544--565},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {metaphor;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcgonigle-chalmers:1985a,
  author = {B. McGonigle and M. Chalmers},
  title = {Representations and Strategies during Inference},
  booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle},
  pages = {141--164},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {pragmatic-inference;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ mcgrath:1971a,
  author = {James H. Mcgrath},
  title = {Deontic Logic and {C}hisholm's Paradox},
  year = {1971},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcgrath:1998a,
  author = {Matthew McGrath},
  title = {Proportionality and Mental Causation: A Fit?},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {167--176},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ mcgrew-etal:1997a,
  author = {T. McGrew and D. Shier and H. Silverstein},
  title = {The Two-Envelope Paradox Resolved},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {57},
  pages = {28--33},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {two-envelope-paradox;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mcguiness:1992a,
  author = {Deborah Mcguiness},
  title = {Making Description Logic Based Knowledge Representation
  	Systems More Usable},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {56--58},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mcguiness-borgida:1995a,
  author = {Deborah McGuinness and Alexander Borgida},
  title = {Explaining Subsumption in Description Logics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {816--821},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {kr;classic;taxonomic-logics;generating-explanations;kr-course;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ mcguiness-borgida:1996a,
  author = {Deborah McGuinness},
  title = {Explaining Reasoning in Description Logics},
  school = {Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University},
  year = {1996},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {explanation;taxonomic-logics;krcourse;nl-generation;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ mcguiness-etal:2000a,
  author = {Deborah L. McGuinness and Richard Fikes and James
          Rice and Steve Wilder},
  title = {An Environment for Merging and Testing Large Ontologies},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {483--493},
  topic = {computational-ontology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mchale:1998a,
  author = {Michael McHale},
  title = {A Comparison of {W}ord{N}et and Roget's
		Taxonomy for Measuring Semantic Similarity},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {115--120},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  url = {http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9809003},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;semantic-similarity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcilraith:1994a,
  author = {Sheila McIlraith},
  title = {Generating Terms Using Abduction},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {449--460},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;abduction;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcilraith:1998a,
  author = {Sheila McIlraith},
  title = {Explanatory Diagnosis:  Conjecturing Actions to
		Explain Observations},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {167--177},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;explanation;diagnosis;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mcilraith:1998b,
  author = {Sheila McIlraith},
  title = {Representing Action and State Constraints in
  	Model-Based Diagnosis},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan},
  pages = {43--49},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {diagnosis;action;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ mcilraith:2000a,
  author = {Sheila Mcilraith},
  title = {Integrating Actions and State Constraints: A Closed-Form
  	Solution to the Ramification Problem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {116},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {87--121},
  topic = {action-formalisms;ramification-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcilraith-san:2002a,
  author = {Sheila McIlraith and Tran Cao San},
  title = {Adapting {G}olog for Composition of Semantic Web Services},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {482--},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;Golog;AI-and-the-internet;} 
  } 

@article{ mckay:1975a,
  author = {Thomas J. McKay},
  title = {Essentialism in Quantified Modal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {423--438},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@article{ mckay-vaninwagen:1977a,
  author = {Thomas J. McKay and Peter {van Inwagen}},
  title = {Counterfactuals with Disjunctive Antecedents},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {353--356},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ mckay-stern:1979a,
  author = {Thomas J. Mckay and Charles Stern},
  title = {Natural Kind Terms and Standards of Membership},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--34},
  topic = {natural-kinds;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mckay:1994a,
  author = {Thomas J. McKay},
  title = {Names, Causal Chains, and De Re Beliefs},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {293--302},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {proper-names;reference;}  
  } 

@article{ mckenna:2001a,
  author = {Michael McKenna},
  title = {Review of {\it Responsibility and Control: A Theory of Moral
  	Responsibility}, by {J}ohn {M}artin {F}ischer and {M}ark
  	{R}avizza},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {98},
  number = {2},
  pages = {93--100},
  xref = {Review of: fischer_jm-ravizza:1998a},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ mckeown:1982b,
  author = {Kathleen R. McKeown},
  title = {Generating Natural Language Text in Response to Questions
  	about  Database Structure},
  school = {Department of Computer and Information Science,
  	University of Pennsylvania},
  year = {1982},
  note = {Technical Report MS-CIS-82-5.},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
} 

@book{ mckeown:1985b,
  author = {Kathleen R. McKeown},
  title = {Text Generation: Using Discourse Strategies and Focus
  	Constraints to Generate Natural Language Text},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1985},
  topic = {nl-generation;pragmatics;}  
} 

@article{ mckeown:1985c,
  author = {Kathleen R. McKeown},
  title = {Discourse Strategies for Generating Natural-Language Text},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--41},
  note = {Also in {\em Readings in Natural Language Processing},
  	Grosz, Sparck Jones and Webber eds., Morgan-Kaufmann, 1986.},
  topic = {nl-generation;pragmatics;}  
} 

@article{ mckeown:1988a,
  author = {Kathleen R. McKeown},
  title = {Generating Goal-Oriented Explanations},
  journal = {International Journal of Expert Systems},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {377--395},
  topic = {nl-generation;explanation;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mckeown-swartout:1988b,
  author = {Kathleen R. McKeown and William R. Swartout},
  title = {Language Generation and Explanation},
  booktitle = {Advances in Natural Language Generation, Volume 1},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Company},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {M. Zock and G. Sabah},
  pages = {1--51},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st names},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mckeown-feiner:1990a,
  author = {Steven K. Feiner and Kathleen R. McKeown},
  title = {Coordinating Text and Graphics in Explanation Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of AAAI90, Eighth National Conference on
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {442--449},
  topic = {nl-generation;multimedia-generation;explanation;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ mckeown-etal:1993a,
  author = {Kathleen R. McKeown and Jacques Robin and Michael Tanenblatt},
  title = {Tailoring Lexical Choice to the User's Vocabulary in
  		Multimedia Explanation Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of ACL93, Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {226--234},
  topic = {nl-generation;multimedia-generation;explanation;}  
} 

@article{ mckeown-etal:1998a,
  author = {Kathleen R. Mckeown and Stephen K. Feiner and Mukesh
  	Dalal and Shih-Fu Chang},
  title = {Generating Multimedia Briefings: Coordinating Language
  	and Illustration},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {95--116},
  topic = {multimedia-generation;}  
  } 

@book{ mckevitt:1995a,
  editor = {Paul McKevitt},
  title = {Integration of Natural Language and Vision Processing},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792333799 (v. 1 : acid-free paper)},
  topic = {visual-reasoning;nl-processing;multimedia-interpretation;
      multimedia-generation;}  
 } 

@book{ mckevitt:1995b,
  editor = {Paul McKevitt},
  title = {Integration of Natural Language and Vision Processing. Volume
    {II}, Intelligent Multimedia},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792337581},
  topic = {visual-reasoning;nl-processing;multimedia-interpretation;
      multimedia-generation;}  
 } 

@book{ mckevitt:1996a,
  editor = {Paul McKevitt},
  title = {Integration of Natural Language and Vision Processing:
  	Recent Advances},
  publisher = {Kluwer},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792341147},
  topic = {visual-reasoning;nl-processing;multimedia-interpretation;
      multimedia-generation;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ mckinney:1975a,
  author = {Audrey Mckinney},
  title = {Conditional Obligation and Temporally Dependent Necessity: A
  	Study in Conditional Deontic Logic},
  school = {University of Pennsylvania},
  year = {1975},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {University of Pennsylvania},
  topic = {deontic-logic;temporal-logic;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ mckinney:1982a,
  author = {Audrey Mckinney},
  title = {Conditional Obligation, Relative Necessity, and Possible Worlds},
  year = {1982},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, {MIT}.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mckinsey:1979a,
  author = {Michael McKinsey},
  title = {Levels of obligation},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  volume = {35},
  year = {1979},
  pages = {385--395},
  topic = {obligation;ethics;}  
    } 

@incollection{ mckinsey:1984a,
  author = {Michael McKinsey},
  title = {Causality and the Paradox of Names},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {491--515},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {reference;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mckinsey:1994a,
  author = {Michael McKinsey},
  title = {Individuating Beliefs},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {303--330},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {belief;individuation;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ mckinsey:1999a,
  author = {Michael McKinsey},
  title = {The Semantics of Belief Ascriptions},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  number = {4},
  pages = {519--557},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;belief;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ mclaren:1999a,
  author = {Bruce M. McLaren},
  title = {Assessing the Relevance of Cases and Principles Using
  	Operationalization Techniques},
  school = {Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh},
  year = {1999},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;ethical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ mclarty:1988a,
  author = {Colin Mclarty},
  title = {Defining Sets as Sets of Points of Spaces},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--90},
  topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;category-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ mclarty:1993a,
  author = {Colin Mclarty},
  title = {Anti-Foundations and Self-Reference},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {19--28},
  topic = {self-reference;anti-foundational-sets;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mclaughlin_bp:1984a,
  author = {Brian P. McLaughlin},
  title = {Perception, Causation, and Supervenience},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {569--591},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;supervenience;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@book{ mclaughlin_bp-rorty_ao:1988a,
  editor = {Brian P. McLaughlin and Am/'elie Oksenberg Rorty},
  title = {Perspectives On Self-Deception},
  publisher = {University of California Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Berkeley, California},
  ISBN = {0520052080 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {self-deception;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mclaughlin_bp:1989a,
  author = {Brian P. McLaughlin},
  title = {Type Epiphenomenalism, Type Dualism,
		and the Causal Priority of the Physical},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {109--135},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {epiphenomenalism;}  
  } 

@article{ mclaughlin_bp:1991a,
  author = {Brian P. McLaughlin},
  title = {Review of {\it Explaining Behavior: Reasons in a World of
  	Causes}, by {F}red {D}retske},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {107},
  number = {2},
  pages = {641--645},
  xref = {Review of: dretske:1988a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;belief;desire;} 
  } 

@incollection{ mclaughlin_bp:1993a,
  author = {Brian P. McLaughlin},
  title = {On {D}avidson's Response to the
		Charge of Epiphenomenalism},
  booktitle = {Mental Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele},
  pages = {27--40},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;anomalous-monism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mclaughlin_bp:1997a,
  author = {Brian P. McLaughlin},
  title = {Supervenience, Vagueness, and Determinism},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {209--230},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ mclaughlin_bp-tye:1998a,
  author = {Brian P. McLaughlin and Michael Tye},
  title = {Is Content-Externalism Compatible with Privileged
  	Access?},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {3},
  pages = {349--380},
  topic = {content-externalism;foundations-or-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ mclaughlin_m:1984a,
  author = {M. McLaughlin},
  title = {Conversation: How Talk is Organized},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Beverly Hills, California},
  topic = {discourse;discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ mcleash:1988a,
  author = {Mary McLeish},
  title = {Introduction},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {57},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@article{ mclelland-chihara:1975a,
  author = {James Mclelland and Charles Chihara},
  title = {The Surprise Examination Paradox},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {71--89},
  topic = {surprise-examination-paradox;episteic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mcleod_d-yanover:1991a,
  author = {Dennis McLeod and Paul L. Yanover},
  title = {Review of {\it Expert Database Systems: Proceedings From
  	the Second International Conference}, edited by {L}arry
	{K}erschberg},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {48},
  number = {2},
  pages = {245--252},
  topic = {expert-systems;databases;}  
  } 

@book{ mcleod_sk:2001a,
  author = {Stephen K. McLeod},
  title = {Modality and Anti-Metaphysics},
  publisher = {Ashgate Publishing Co.},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Brookfield, Vermont},
  ISBN = {0 7546 1300 3},
  topic = {metaphysics;essentialism;modality;} 
 } 

@article{ mcmahon-smith:1996a,
  author = {John G. Mcmahon and Francis J. Smith},
  title = {Improving Statistical Language Model Performance with
  	Automatically Generated Word Hierarchies},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {217--247},
  topic = {word-classification;corpus-linguistics;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@article{ mcmichael-zalta:1980a,
  author = {Alan McMichael and Ed Zalta},
  title = {An Alternative Theory of Nonexistent Objects},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {297--313},
  topic = {reference-gaps;logic-of-existence;}  
  } 

@article{ mcmichael:1983a,
  author = {Alan McMichael},
  title = {A New Actualist Modal Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {73--99},
  topic = {modal-logic;actualism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcmullan:1984a,
  author = {Ernan McMullan},
  title = {Two Ideals of Explanation in Natural Science},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {205--220},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;explanation;}  
  } 

@article{ mcnally:1998a,
  author = {Louise Mcnally},
  title = {Existential Sentences with Existential Quantification},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {353--392},
  topic = {existential-constructions;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ mcnally:1999a,
  author = {Louise Mcnally},
  title = {Review of {\it Ways of Scope-Taking}, edited by
  	{A}nna {S}zabolski},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {5},
  pages = {563--571},
  xref = {Review of szabolcsi:1997a.},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;generalized-quantifiers;nl-semantics;}
  	} 

@article{ mcnamara:1996a,
  author = {Paul McNamara},
  title = {Doing Well Enough: Toward a Logic for Common-Sense
  	Morality},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {57},
  number = {1},
  pages = {167--192},
  topic = {deontic-logic;supererogation;qualitative-utility;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcnamara:1998a,
  author = {Paul McNamara},
  title = {Andersonian-{K}angerian Logics for Doing Well Enough},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  pages = {181--200},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcnamara-prakken:1998a,
  author = {Paul McNamara and Henry Prakken},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  pages = {1--14},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mcneil:1971a,
  author = {David McNeil},
  title = {Are There Specifically Linguistic Universals?},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {530--535},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {language-universals;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ mcneill:1975a,
  author = {David McNeill},
  title = {The Place of Grammar in a Theory of Performance},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton,
		New Jersey.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ mcneill:1992a,
  author = {David McNeill},
  title = {Hand and Mind: What Gestures Reveal about Thought},
  year = {1992},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {gestures;}  
  } 

@techreport{ mcrobbie:1982a,
  author = {Michael A. McRobbie},
  title = {Interpolation Theorems: A Bibliography},
  institution = {Department of Philosophy, University of Melbourne},
  number = {1/82},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Melbourne},
  topic = {interpolation-theorems;}  
  } 

@article{ mcroy_s-hirst:1995a,
  author = {Susan McRoy and Graeme Hirst},
  title = {The Repair of Speech Act Misunderstandings by Abductive
  	Inference},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {435--478},
  topic = {discourse;abduction;coord-in-conversation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ mcroy_s:1996a,
  author = {Susan McRoy},
  title = {Speakers, Listeners, and Communication: Explorations in
  	Discourse Analysis},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {444--447},
  topic = {discourse;discourse-analysis;referring-expressions;
  	definite-descriptions;anaphora;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mcroy_s-ali:1999a,
  author = {Susan McRoy and Syed S. Ali},
  title = {A Practical, Declarative Theory of Dialogue},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jan Alexandersson},
  pages = {97--103},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ medress-etal:1977a,
  author = {M.F. Medress and F.S. Cooper and J.W. Forgie and C.C.
  	Green and D.H. Klatt, M.H. O'Malley and E.P. Neuburg and A.
	Newell and D.R. Reddy and B. Ritea and J.E. Shoup-Hummel and
	D.E. Walker and W.A. Woods},
  title = {Speech Understanding Systems: Report of a Steering
  	Committee},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {307--316},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A five-year interdisciplinary effort by speech scientists and
     computer scientists has demonstrated the feasibility of
     programming a computer system to ``understand'' connected
     speech, i.e., translate it into operational form and respond
     accordingly. An operational system (HARPY) accepts speech from
     five speakers, interprets a 1000-word vocabulary, and attains 91
     percent sentence accuracy. This Steering Committee summary
     report describes the project history, problem, goals, and
     results.
  } ,
  topic = {speech-recognition;computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@article{ meeden-etal:2000a,
  author = {Lisa Meeden and Alan Schultz and Tucker Balch and Rahul
  	Bhargava and Karen Zita Haigh and Marc Bohlen and Cathryne
	Stein and David Miller},
  title = {The {AAAI} 1999 Mobile Robot Competitions and Exhibitions},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {69--78},
  topic = {robotics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ megiddo:1986a,
  author = {Nimrod Megiddo},
  title = {Remarks on Bounded Rationality},
  institution = {{IBM}},
  number = {RJ 5720},
  year = {1986},
  topic = {resource-limited-reasoning;limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ megiddo-wigderson:1986a,
  author = {Nimrod Megiddo and Avi Wigderson},
  title = {On Play by Means of Computing Machines},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {259--274},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {game-theory;limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@article{ megiddo:1989a,
  author = {Nimrod Megiddo},
  title = {On Computable Beliefs of Rational Machines},
  journal = {Games and Economical Behavior},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {144--169},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;game-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ mei_tl:1961a,
  author = {Tsu-Lin Mei},
  title = {Subject and Predicate: A Grammatical Preliminary},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1961},
  volume = {70},
  number = {1},
  pages = {153--175},
  topic = {mass-term-semantics;philosophical-ontology;} 
  } 

@book{ meinong:1917a,
  author = {Alexius Meinong},
  title = {On Emotional Presentation},
  publisher = {Northwestern University Press},
  address = {Evanston},
  year = {1972},
  note= {Originally published as {\em {\"U}ber
    Emotionale Pr{\"a}sentation}, Vienna, 1917},
  topic = {emotion;}  
    } 

@inproceedings{ meiri:1991a,
  author = {Itay Meiri},
  title = {Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Constraints in Temporal
  	Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown},
  pages = {260--267},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  xref = {See meiri:1996a for journal publication.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;kr;krcourse;
  	combined-qualitative-and-quantitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ meiri:1996a,
  author = {Itay Meiri},
  title = {Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Constraints
  	in Temporal Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {87},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {343--385},
  xref = {See meiri:1991a for conference publication.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;kr;krcourse;
  	combined-qualitative-and-quantitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ meiri-etal:1996a,
  author = {Itay Meiri and Rina Dechter and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Uncovering Trees in Constraint Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {86},
  number = {2},
  pages = {245--267},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper examines the possibility of removing redundant
     information from a given knowledge base and restructuring it in
     the form of a tree to enable efficient problem-solving routines.
     We offer a novel approach that guarantees removal of all
     redundancies that hide a tree structure.  We develop a
     polynomial-time algorithm that, given an arbitrary binary
     constraint network, either extracts (by edge removal) a precise
     tree representation from the path-consistent version of the
     network or acknowledges that no such tree can be extracted.  In
     the latter case, a tree is generated that may serve as an
     approximation to the original network. } ,
  topic = {problem-solving;constraint-networks;}  
  } 

@book{ meister:1991a,
  author = {David Meister},
  title = {Psychology of System Design},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444883789},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ mela-fouquere:1996a,
  author = {Augusta Mela and Christophe Fouquer\'e},
  title = {Coordination as a Direct Process},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {124--131},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {coordination;HPSG;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ melamed:1995a,
  author = {I. Dan Melamed},
  title = {Automatic Evaluation and Uniform Filter Cascades for
  	Inducing N-Best Translation Lexicons},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very
	Large Corpora},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {184--198},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;word-sequence-probabilities;
		dictionary-construction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ melamed:1996a,
  author = {I. Dan Melamed},
  title = {A Geometric Approach to Mapping Bitext
			Correspondence},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {1--12},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {multilingual-corpora;text-alignment;}  
  } 

@incollection{ melamed:1997a,
  author = {I. Dan Melamed},
  title = {Automatic Discovery of Non-Compositional
	Compounds in Parallel Data},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
	Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {97--108},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;corpus-tagging;idioms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ melamed:1997b,
  author = {I. Dan Melamed},
  title = {A Word-to-Word Model of Translational Equivalence},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {490--497},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-translation;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ melamed:1997c,
  author = {I. Dan Melamed},
  title = {A Portable Algorithm for Mapping Bitext Correspondence},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {305--312},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {text-alignment;}  
 } 

@article{ melamed-li_h:1999a,
  author = {I. Dan Melamed and Hang Li},
  title = {Review of {\it Ambiguity Resolution in Language
		Learning: Computational and Cognitive Models},
		by {H}inrich {S}ch\"utze},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {3},
  pages = {436--439},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;L1-language-learning;
		disambiguation;ambiguity;}  
  } 

@article{ melamed:2000a,
  author = {I. Dan Melamed},
  title = {Models of Translation Equivalence among Words},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {221--249},
  topic = {machine-translation;statistical-nlp;multilingual-corpora;}  
  } 

@book{ melcuk:1979a,
  author = {Igor A. Mel\v{c}uk},
  title = {Studies in Dependency Syntax},
  publisher = {Karoma Publishers},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Ann Arbor},
  ISBN = {0897200012},
  topic = {nl-syntax;}  
 } 

@book{ melcuk:1982a,
  author = {Igor A. Melcuk},
  title = {Towards a Language of Linguistics: A System of Formal Notions
    for Theoretical Morphology},
  publisher = {W. Fink},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Munich},
  ISBN = {3770519655 (pbk.)},
  note = {Revised and edited by P. Luelsdorff.},
  topic = {morphology;} 
 } 

@book{ melcuk-pertsov:1987a,
  author = {Igor A. Melcuk and Nikolaj V. Pertsov},
  title = {Surface Syntax Of English: A Formal Model within the
    Meaning-Text Framework},
  publisher = {Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {9027215154 (Netherlands : alk. paper) :},
  topic = {nl-syntax;English-language;} 
 } 

@book{ melcuk:1988a,
  author = {Igor A. Mel\v{c}uk},
  title = {Dependency Syntax: Theory and Practice},
  publisher = {State University Press of New York},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Albany, New York},
  ISBN = {0887064507},
  topic = {dependency-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ melcuk-polguere:1998a,
  author = {Igor~A. Mel'\v{c}uk and Alain Polgu\`{e}re},
  title = {A Formal Lexicon in Meaning-Text Theory (Or How to Do
  	Lexica with Words)},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3--4},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {lexicon;}  
  } 

@book{ mele:1992a,
  author = {Alfred R. Mele},
  title = {Springs of Action: Understanding Intentional behavior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {action;intention;}  
 } 

@book{ mele:1995a,
  author = {Alfred R. Mele},
  title = {Autonomous Agents: From Self-Control
  	to Autonomy},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: fischer_jm:1999a.},
  topic = {action;volition;akrasia;}  
 } 

@article{ mele:1995b,
  author = {Alfred R. Mele},
  title = {Motivation: Essentially Motivation-Constituting Attitudes},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {104},
  number = {3},
  pages = {387--423},
  topic = {emotion;practical-reasoning;motivation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mele:1997a,
  author = {Alfred R. Mele},
  title = {Agency and Mental Action},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {231--249},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {action;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mele:2000a,
  author = {Alfred R. Mele},
  title = {Goal-Directed Action: Teleological Explanations, Causal
  		Theories, and Deviance},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {267--277},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {action;teleology;}  
  } 

@book{ mele:2000b,
  author = {Alfred R. Mele},
  title = {Self-Deception Unmasked},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {069105741 (Pbk)},
  topic = {self-deception;}  
 } 

@article{ melemed:1999a,
  author = {I. Dan Melemed},
  title = {Bitext Maps and Alignment via Pattern Recognition},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {107--130},
  topic = {text-alignment;pattern-recognition;}  
  } 

@article{ melis-siekmann:1999a,
  author = {Erica Melis and Jorg Siekmann},
  title = {Knowledge-Based Proof Planning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {115},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--105},
  topic = {theorem-proving;hierarchical-problem-solving;
  	hierarchical-planning;declarative-search-control;}  
  } 

@book{ mellish:1985a,
  author = {Chris Mellish},
  title = {Computer Interpretation of Natural Language Descriptions},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Chichester, England},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;}  
 } 

@article{ mellish:1991a,
  author = {Chris Mellish},
  title = {The Description Identification Problem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2991},
  volume = {52},
  number = {2},
  pages = {151--167},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In this note we introduce a notion of description identification
     which generalises both concept learning (as conceptualised by
     Winston, Young et al. and Mitchell) and also incremental
     description refinement (as described by Bobrow and Webber).
     Assuming certain properties of the description space involved,
     there is an algorithm for solving the more general description
     identification problem, which extends the version space strategy
     of Mitchell, and we present this.
      The work described here can be regarded as a further
     formalisation and development of the work of Mitchell on version
     space representation and the work of Young et al. and Plotkin on
     description spaces. Plotkin's unpublished work presented a
     similar, though slightly more restricted, approach to the
     concept learning part of our subject and gave examples of types
     of description spaces that connect the work with the earlier
     work of Winston.},
  topic = {version-spaces;concept-learning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mellish-reiter:1993a,
  author = {Chris Mellish and Ehud Reiter},
  title = {Using Classification as a Programming Language},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {696--701},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  commentnote = {Use of a classifier in generation and as gp programming
  	language.},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics-applications;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mellish-etal:1998a,
  author = {Chris Mellish and Alisdair Knott and Jon Oberlander and
		Mick O'Donnell},
  title = {Experiments Using Stochastic Search for Text Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {98--107},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;nl-generation-algorithms;stochastic-search;
  	text-planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mellish-etal:1998b,
  author = {Chris Mellish and Mick O'Donnell and Jon Oberlander
	and Alistair Knott},
  title = {An Architecture for Opportunistic Text Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {28--37},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
  } 

@book{ mellor:1973a,
  author = {D.H. Mellor},
  title = {The Matter of Chance},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1973},
  address = {Oxford},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {chance;}  
 } 

@article{ mellor:1973b,
  author = {D.H. Mellor},
  title = {In Defense of Dispositions},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {83},
  pages = {157--181},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {dispositions;}  
  } 

@article{ mellor:1973c,
  author = {D.H. Mellor},
  title = {How to Believe a Conditional},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {70},
  number = {5},
  pages = {233--248},
  missinginfo = {A's 1t name.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ mellor_dh:1980a,
  editor = {D.H. Mellor},
  title = {Prospects For Pragmatism : Essays In Memory of
  	{F}.{P}. {R}amsey},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521225485},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. S. Haack, "Is truth flat or bumpy?"
	2. C.S. Chihara, "Ramsey's theory of types"
	3. B. Loar, "Ramsey's theory of belief and truth"
	4. J. Skorupski, "Ramsey on Belief"
	5. C. Hookway, "Inference, partial belief, and psychological
		laws"
	6. B. Skyrms, "Higher order degrees of belief"
	7. D. H. Mellor, "Consciousness and degrees of belief"
	10. S. Blackburn, "Opinions and chances"
	11. R. E. Grandy, "Ramsey, reliability, and knowledge"
	12. L. J. Cohen, "The problem of natural laws"
	13. J. Giedymin, "Hamilton's method in geometrical optics and
		Ramsey's view of theories"
   } ,
  topic = {truth;F.P.Ramsey;philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@book{ mellor_dh:1990a,
  editor = {D.H. Mellor},
  title = {Philosophical Papers},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  note = {Collected Papers of {F}rank {P}. {R}amsey.},
  topic = {logic-classics;}  
 } 

@book{ mellor_dh:1995a,
  author = {D.H. Mellor},
  title = {The Facts of Causation},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1995},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  xref = {Review: dowe:1998a.},
  topic = {causality;chance;}  
 } 

@book{ mellor_dh-oliver:1997a,
  editor = {D.H. Mellor and Alex Oliver},
  title = {Properties},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {property-theory;metaphysics;}  
 } 

@book{ meltzer-michie:1969a,
  editor = {Bernard Meltzer and Donald Michie},
  title = {Machine Intelligence 4},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {1969},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  ISBN = {0852240627},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
 } 

@book{ meltzer-michie:1969b,
  editor = {Bernard Meltzer and Donald Michie},
  title = {Machine Intelligence 5},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {1969},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  ISBN = {0852241763},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
 } 

@article{ meltzer:1970a,
  author = {Bernard Meltzer},
  title = {The Semantics of Induction and the Possibility of
  	Complete Systems of Inductive Inference},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {189--192},
  topic = {indiction;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ meltzer:1971a,
  editor = {Bernard Meltzer},
  title = {Machine Intelligence 6},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  ISBN = {085224195X},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
 } 

@book{ meltzer-michie:1972a,
  editor = {Bernard Meltzer and Donald Michie},
  title = {Machine Intelligence 7},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {1972},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  ISBN = {0852242344},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mendelsohn_rl:1979a,
  author = {Richard L. Mendelsohn},
  title = {Rigid Designation and Informative Identity Sentences},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}:
  	Studies in Metaphysics},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {307--320},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {identity;proper-names;}  
  } 

@article{ mendez:1987a,
  author = {Jos\'e M. M\'endez},
  title = {A {R}outley-{M}eyer Semantics for Converse {A}ckermann
  	Property},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--76},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mendez:1988a,
  author = {Jos\'e M. M\'endez},
  title = {The Compatibility of Relevance and Mingle},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {3},
  pages = {279--297},
  topic = {relevance-logic;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ mendez-salto:1998a,
  author = {Jos\'e M. Mendez and Francisco Salto},
  title = {A Natural Negation Completion of {U}rquhart's
		Many-Valued Logic {C}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--84},
  topic = {multi-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mengin:1998a,
  author = {J\'erome Mengin},
  title = {On the Logic of Exceptions},
  booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henri Prade},
  pages = {23--27},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ menzel:1986a,
  author = {Christopher Menzel},
  title = {On Set Theoretic Possible Worlds},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1986},
  missinginfo = {number, volume, pages},
  topic = {foundations-of-possible-worlds;intensional-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ menzel:1990a,
  author = {Christopher Menzel},
  title = {Actualism, Ontological Commitment and Possible
  	World Semantics},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {85},
  number = {3},
  pages = {355--389},
  topic = {possible-worlds-semantics;metaphysics;
  	philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@article{ menzel:1991a,
  author = {Christopher Menzel},
  title = {The True Modal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {331--374},
  topic = {modal-logic;Prior;}  
  } 

@article{ menzel:1993a,
  author = {Christopher Menzel},
  title = {Singular Propositions and Modal Logic},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {113--148},
  topic = {modal-logic;reference;singular-propositions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ menzel:1993b,
  author = {Christopher Menzel},
  title = {The Proper Treatment of Predication
		in Fine-Grained Intensional Logic},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {61--87},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ menzel:1997a,
  author = {Christopher Menzel},
  title = {Logic for an Objective Conception of Context},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {136--145},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@article{ menzel:1999a,
  author = {Christopher Menzel},
  title = {The Objective Conception of Context and Its Logic},
  journal = {Minds and Machines},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--56},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@article{ menzel:2000a,
  author = {Christopher Menzel},
  title = {Review of {\it Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior}, edited by {B}. {J}ack {C}opeland},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {109},
  number = {2},
  pages = {281--286},
  xref = {Review of copeland:1996a.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;temporal-logic;modal-logic;Prior;}  
  } 

@incollection{ merand:1999a,
  author = {S\'everine M\'erand and Charles Tijus and S\'ebastien
			Poitrenaud},
  title = {The Effect of Context Complexity on
			the Memorization of Objects},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {487--490},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mercer-reiter_r:1982a,
  author = {Robert Mercer and Raymond Reiter},
  title = {The Representation of Presuppositions Using Defaults},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference of the
  	Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ mercer:1987a,
  author = {Robert Mercer},
  title = {A Default Logic Approach to the Derivation of
  	Natural Language Presuppositions},
  school = {Department of Computer Science, University of British
  	Columbia},
  year = {1987},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Vancouver},
  note = {Available as Technical Report TR 87-35, Department of
  	Computer Science, University of British Columbia.},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;nm-ling;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ mercer:1988a,
  author = {Robert E. Mercer},
  title = {Solving Some Persistent Presupposition Problems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference
  	on Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {420--425},
  missinginfo = {editor, organization, address, publisher},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mercer:1988b,
  author = {Robert Mercer},
  title = {Using Default Logic to Derive Natural Language
  	Presupposition},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Canadian Society
  	for Computational Studies of Intelligence Conference},
  year = {1988},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@book{ mercer:2000a,
  author = {Neil Mercer},
  title = {Words and Minds: How We Use Language to Think Together},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {2000},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {041520659-6 (paperback)},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ mercer:2001a,
  author = {Robert E. Mercer},
  title = {Review of {\it Natural Language Processing and Knowledge
  	Representation: Language For Knowledge and Knowledge for
	Language}, by {L}ucja {M}. {I}wa\'nska and {S}tuart {C}. {S}hapiro},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {295--297},
  xref = {Review of: iwanska-shapiro_sc:2000a.},
  topic = {nl-kr;}  
  } 

@article{ mercier:1994a,
  author = {Ad\`ele Mercier},
  title = {Consumerism and Langyuage Acquisition},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {5},
  pages = {499--519},
  topic = {L1-language-learning;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ meredith-prior:1996a,
  author = {Carrew Meredith and Arthur N. Prior},
  title = {Interpretations of Different Modal Logics in the `Property
  	Calculus'\, } ,
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {133--134},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ merenciano-morrill:1997a,
  author = {Josep M. Merenciano and Glyn V. Morrill},
  title = {Generation as Deduction on Labelled Proof Nets},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {310--328},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@book{ mereu:1999a,
  editor = {Lunella Mereu},
  title = {Boundaries of Morphology and Syntax},
  publisher = {J. Benjamins},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {1556199570},
  topic = {syntax-morphology-interface;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ merin:1997a,
  author = {Arthur Merin},
  title = {Communicative Actions as Bargaining: Utility, Relevance,
  	Elementary Social Acts},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative
		Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {59--67},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {David Traum},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ merlo:1996a,
  author = {Paola Merlo},
  title = {Parsing with Principles and Classes of Information},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;nl-processing;principle-based-parsing;}  
 } 

@incollection{ merlo-etal:1997a,
  author = {Paola Merlo and Matthew W. Crocker and Cathy Berthouzoz},
  title = {Learning Methods for Combining Linguistic
	Indicators to Classify Verbs},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
	Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {149--155},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;disambiguation;prepositional-attachment;
		machine-learning;corpus-statistics;}  
  } 

@article{ merlo-stevenson_s:2001a,
  author = {Paola Merlo and Suzanne Stevenson},
  title = {Automatic Verb Classification Based on Statistical 
  	Distributions of Argument Structure},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {373--408},
  topic = {word-classification;argument-structure;}  
  } 

@article{ merman:1981a,
  author = {N. David Merman},
  title = {Boojums All the Way Through: Communicating Science in a
  	Prosaic Age},
  journal = {Physics Today},
  year = {1981},
  missinginfo = {volume, number, pages},
  topic = {science-commentary;}  
  } 

@article{ merman:1990a,
  author = {N. David Mermin},
  title = {Review of `The Emperor's New Mind', by {R}oger {P}enrose},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {58},
  pages = {1214--1216},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;goedels-first-theorem;
  	goedels-second-theorem;philosophy-of-computation;}  
  } 

@article{ mero:1984a,
  author = {L\'azlo M\'er\"o},
  title = {A Heuristic Search Algorithm with Modifiable Estimate},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13--27},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper describes an improved version of two previously
     published algorithms in the area: A* and B. The new approach is
     based on considering the estimate ${^h}n$ on node n as
     a variable rather than as a constant. The new algorithm thus
     improves the estimate as it goes on, avoiding some useless node
     expansions. It is proved to never expand more nodes than B or A*
     and to expand a much smaller number of them in some cases.
     Another result of the paper is a proof that no overall optimal
     algorithm exists if the cost of an algorithm is measured by the
     total number of node expansions.
   } ,
  topic = {search;optimality;AI-algorithms-analysis;A*-algorithm;}  
  } 

@article{ merrill_gh:1975a,
  author = {G.H. Merrill},
  title = {A Free Logic With Intensions as Possible Values of Terms},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {293--326},
  topic = {reference-gaps;modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ merritt-taubenfeld:1991a,
  author = {M.J. Merritt and G. Taubenfeld},
  title = {Knowledge in Shared Memory Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth {ACM} Symposium on
  	Principles of Distributed Computing},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {189--200},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, A's 1st name},
  topic = {mutual-belief;distributed-systems;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ mertz:1996a,
  author = {D.W. Mertz},
  title = {Moderate Realism and Its Logic},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {New Haven, Connecticut},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {logic-and-ontology;philosophical-ontology;semantic-paradoxes;
  	logical-philosophy;}  
 } 

@article{ mertz:1999a,
  author = {D.W. Mertz},
  title = {The Logic of Instance Ontology},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {81--111},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;semantic-paradoxes;paraconsistency;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mertzing:1981a,
  author = {Dieter Mertzing},
  title = {Frame Representation and Lexical Semantics},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {320--342},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;frames;}  
 } 

@article{ meseguer-torras:2001a,
  author = {Pedro Meseguer and Carme Torras},
  title = {Exploiting Symmetries within Constraint Satisfaction Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {129},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {133--163},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;search;symmetry;}  
  } 

@article{ meseguer_j-etal:1989a,
  author = {Jose Meseguer and Joseph A. {Goguen, Jr.} and Gert Smolka},
  title = {Order-Sorted Unification},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Computation},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {383--413},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {theorem-proving;extensions-of-resolution;resolution;kr-course;}  
  } 

@techreport{ meseguer_j-winkler:1989a,
  author = {Jose Meseguer and Timothy Winkler},
  title = {Parallel Programming in {M}aude},
  institution = {SRI International},
  number = {SRI--CSL--91--09},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {theorem-proving;unification;extensions-of-resolution;}  
  } 

@techreport{ meseguer_j-etal:1990a,
  author = {Jose Meseguer and Joseph A. {Goguen, Jr.}},
  title = {Order-Sorted Algebra Solves the Constraint-Selector,
  	Multiple Representation and Coercion Problems},
  institution = {SRI International},
  number = {SRI--CSL--90--06},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {theorem-proving;unification;extensions-of-resolution;}  
  } 

@book{ messing-campbell_r:1999a,
  editor = {Lynn S. Messing and Ruth Campbell},
  title = {Gesture, Speech, and Sign},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {019852451X},
  topic = {HCI;gestures;}  
 } 

@book{ messing-campbell_r:1999b,
  editor = {Lynn S. Messing and Ruth Campbell},
  title = {Advances in Artificial Intelligence in Software Engineering},
  publisher = {JAI Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Greenwich, Connecticut},
  ISBN = {019852451X},
  topic = {AI-applications;software-engineering;}  
 } 

@article{ meteer:1991a,
  author = {Marie W. Meteer},
  title = {Bridging the Generation Gap between Text Planning and
  	Linguistic Realization},
  pages = {296--304},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {text-planning;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ meteer-iyer:1996a,
  author = {Marie Meteer and Rukmini Iyer},
  title = {Modeling Conversational Speech for Speech Recognition},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {33--47},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {spoken-language-corpora;speech-recognition;
		text-segmentation;}  
  } 

@book{ metzing:1979a,
  editor = {Dieter Metzing},
  title = {Frame Conceptions and Text Understanding},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
} 

@article{ meurers-minnen:1997a,
  author = {W. Detmar Meurers and Guido Minnen},
  title = {A Computational Treatment of Lexical Rules in {HPSG} as
		Covariation in Lexical Entries},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {4},
  pages = {543--568},
  topic = {HPSG;}  
  } 

@book{ mey:1993a,
  author = {Jacob L. Mey},
  title = {Pragmatics: An Introduction},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ meyer_cf:1983a1,
  author = {Charles F. Meyer},
  title = {A Linguistic Study of {A}merican Punctuation},
  school = {University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee},
  year = {1983},
  xref = {Book publication: meyer_cf:1983a2.},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
 } 

@book{ meyer_cf:1983a2,
  author = {Charles F. Meyer},
  title = {A Linguistic Study of American Punctuation;} ,
  publisher = {Peter Lang Publishing Co.},
  year = {1987},
  xref = {Dissertation: meyer_cf:1983a1.},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@article{ meyer_cf:1986a,
  author = {Charles F. Meyer},
  title = {Punctuation Practice in the {B}rown Corpus},
  journal = {ICAME Newsletter},
  year = {1986},
  pages = {80--95},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
 } 

@book{ meyer_cf:1987a,
  author = {Charles F. Meyer},
  title = {A Linguistic Study of {A}merican Punctuation},
  publisher = {Peter Lang Publishing Co.},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Out of print.},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ meyer_g-beierle:1998a,
  author = {G. Meyer and C. Beierle},
  title = {Dimensions of Types in Logic Programming},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ meyer_i-etal:1990a,
  author = {Ingrid Meyer and Boyan Onyshkevych and Lynn Carlson},
  title = {Lexicographic Principles and Design for Knowledge-Based
  	Machine Translation},
  institution = {Center for Machine Translation, Carnegie-Mellon
  	University},
  number = {CMU-CMT-90-118},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {machine-translation;computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@techreport{ meyer_jjc-vanderhoek:1988a,
  author = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer and Wiebe {van der Hoek}},
  title = {Non-Monotonic Reasoning by Monotonic Means},
  institution = {Fakulteit Wiskunde en Informatica, Vrije
		Universiteit Amsterdam},
  number = {IR-171},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ meyer_jjc:1989a,
  author = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer},
  title = {An Analysis of the {Y}ale Shooting Problem by Means
  	of Dynamic Epistemic Logic},
  institution = {Fakulteit Wiskunde en Informatica, Vrije
		Universiteit Amsterdam},
  number = {IR-201},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;epistemic-logic;Yale-shooting-problem;}  
  } 

@article{ meyer_jjc-etal:1991a,
  author = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer and Wiebe {van der Hoek} and G.A.W.
  	Vreeswijk},
  title = {Epistemic Logic for Computer Science: A Tutorial
  	(Part I)},
  journal = {{EATCS} Bulletin},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {242--270},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ meyer_jjc-etal:1991b,
  author = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer and Wiebe {van der Hoek} and G.A.W.
  	Vreeswijk},
  title = {Epistemic Logic for Computer Science: A Tutorial (Part II)},
  journal = {{EATCS} Bulletin},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {45},
  pages = {256--287},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ meyer_jjc-wieringa:1994a,
  editor = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer and R.J. Wieringa},
  title = {Deontic Logic in Computer Science: Normative System
  	Specification},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1994},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ meyer_jjc-vanderhoek:1995a,
  author = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer and Wiebe {van der Hoek}},
  title = {Epistemic Logic for {AI} and Computer Science},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {052146014X (hardback)},
  xref = {Review: verbrugge:1999a.},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	0. "Introduction"
  	1. "Basics: The Modal Approach to Logic"
	2. "Various Notions of Knowledge and Belief"
	3. "Knowledge and Ignorance"
	4. "Default Logic by Epistemi Logic"
       A1. "Konolige's Deduction Model of Belief"
       A2. "Knowledge Structures (Fagin, Halpern & Vardi)"
       A3. "First-Order Epistemic Logic"
       A4. "Table of the Basic Logical Systems"
   } ,
  topic = {epistemic-logic;logic-in-AI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ meyer_jjc-vanderhoek:1998a,
  author = {John-Jules Ch. Meyer and Wiebe van der Hoek},
  title = {Modal Logics for Representing Incoherent Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 2: Reasoning with
                Actual and Potential Contradictions},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {37--75},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {paraconsistency;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ meyer_jjc:1999a,
  author = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer},
  title = {Dynamic Logic for Reasoning about Actions and Agents},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {action-formalisms;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ meyer_jjc-etal:1999a,
  author = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer and Wiebe {van der Hoek} and
  		Bernd {van Linder}},
  title = {A Logical Approach to the Dynamics of Commitments},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {113},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--40},
  topic = {desires;ability;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@book{ meyer_jjc-schobbens:1999a,
  editor = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer and Pierre-Yves Schobbens},
  title = {Formal Models of Agents: Esprit Project Modelage Final
  	Workshop Selected Papers},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540670270 (softcover)},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. John-Jules Ch. Meyer and Pierre-Yves Schobbens, "Formal
     	    Models of Agents: An Introduction"
     2. Stanislaw Ambroszkiewicz and Jan Komar , "A Model of
     	    {BDI}-Agent in Game-Theoretic Framework"
     3. John Bell and Zhisheng Huang, "Dynamic Belief Hierarchies"
     4. Frances Brazier et al., "Modelling Internal Dynamic
     	    Behaviour of {BDI} Agents"
     5. Stefan Conrad and Gunter Saake and Can Türker, "Towards an
            Agent-Oriented Framework for Specification of Information
	    Systems"
     6. Rosaria Conte and Cristiano Castelfranchi and Roberto
     	    Pedone, "The Impossibility of Modelling Cooperation in
	    {PD}-Game"
     7. Enrico Denti and Andrea Omicini, "Designing Multi-Agent
     	    Systems around an Extensible Communication Abstraction"
     8. Frank Dignum, "Social Interactions of Autonomous Agents:
     		Private and Global Views on Communication"
     9. Carlos H.C. Duarte, "Towards a Proof-Theoretic Foundation
     		for Actor Specification and Verification"
    10.  Barbara Dunin-Keplicz and Anna Radzikowska, "Nondeterministic
    		Actions with Typical Effects: Reasoning about
		Scenarios"
    11. Bruno Errico, "Agents' Dynamic Mental Attitudes"
    12. Peter Fr\"ohlich et al., "Diagnostic Agents for Distributed
    		Systems"
    13. John-Jules Ch. Meyer and Patrick Doherty, "Preferential
    		Action Semantics (Preliminary Report)"
    14.  Henry Prakken, "Dialectical Proof Theory for Defeasible
    		Argumentation with Defeasible Priorities (Preliminary
		Report)"
    15.  Leendert W.N. van der Torre et al., "The Role of
    		Diagnosis and Decision Theory in Normative Reasoning"
    16.  Leendert W.N. van der Torre and Yao-Hua Tan, "Contextual
    		Deontic Logic"
  } ,
  ISBN = {3540670270 (softcover)},
  topic = {agent-architectures;agent-modeling;}  
 } 

@incollection{ meyer_jjc:2000b,
  author = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer},
  title = {Dynamic Logic for Reasoning about Actions and Agents},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {281--311},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;dynamic-systems;dynamic-logic;
  	reasoning-about-actions;}  
  } 

@article{ meyer_rk:1974a,
  author = {Robert K. Meyer},
  title = {New Axiomatics for Relevant Logics, {I}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {53--86},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ meyer_rk-etal:1979a,
  author = {Robert K. Meyer and Richard Routley and J. Michael Dunn},
  title = {Curry's Paradox},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {124--128},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {Curry-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ meyer_rk-etal:1982a,
  author = {Robert K. Meyer and Ermanno Bencivenga and Karel Lambert},
  title = {The eliminability of {E!} in Free Quantification Theory
  	without Identity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {229--231},
  topic = {reference-gaps;}  
  } 

@article{ meyer_rk-martin_ep:1989a,
  author = {Robert K. Meyer and Errol P. Martin},
  title = {Logic on the {A}ustralian Plan},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3},
  pages = {305--332},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ meyer_rk:1998a,
  author = {Robert K. Meyer},
  title = {$\subset${E} is Admissible in ``True'' Relevant Arithmetic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {4},
  pages = {327--351},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ meyer_t:2001a,
  author = {Thomas Meyer},
  title = {Basic Infobase Change},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {2},
  pages = {215--242},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ meyer_t-etal:2002a,
  author = {Thomas Meyer and Johannes Heidema and William Labuschagne
  	and Louise Leenen},
  title = {Systematic Withdrawal},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {31},
  number = {5},
  pages = {415--443},
  topic = {belief-revision;} 
  } 

@article{ meyer_ta-etal:2000a,
  author = {Thomas Andreas Meyer and Willem Adriuan Labuschagne and
  	Johannes Hedema},
  title = {Refined Epistemic Entrenchment},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {237--259},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ meyer_ta-etal:2000b,
  author = {Thomas Andreas Meyer and Willem Adrian Labuschagne and
  	Johannes Heidema},
  title = {Infobase Change: A First Approximation},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {353--377},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@book{ meyerson_g:1995a,
  author = {George Meyerson},
  title = {Rhetoric, Reason, and Society},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ micali:1986a,
  author = {Silvio Micali},
  title = {Knowledge and Efficient Computation},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {353--362},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;complexity;}  
  } 

@article{ michael:2002a,
  author = {Fred Seymour Michael},
  title = {Entailment and Bivalence},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {31},
  number = {4},
  pages = {289--300},
  topic = {truth-value-gaps;logical-consequence;} 
  } 

@article{ michaelis:1996a,
  author = {Laura A. Michaelis},
  title = {On the Use and Meaning of `Already'\, } ,
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {19},
  number = {5},
  pages = {477--502},
  topic = {tense-aspect;`already';}  
  } 

@incollection{ michaelis-kracht:1997a,
  author = {Jens Michaelis and Marcus Kracht},
  title = {Semilinearity as a Syntactic Invariant},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {329--345},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ michalewicz:1991a,
  editor = {Zbigniew Michalewicz},
  title = {Statistical and Scientific Databases},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {scientific-databases;}  
 } 

@article{ michalski:1983a,
  author = {Ryszard S. Michalski},
  title = {A Theory and Methodology of Inductive Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {111--161},
  topic = {machine-learning;induction;}  
  } 

@book{ michalski-etal:1983a,
  editor = {Ryszard S. Michalski and Jaime G. Carbonell and Tom M.
  	Mitchell},
  title = {Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach},
  publisher = {Tioga Publishing Co.},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Palo Alto, California},
  ISBN = {0935382054},
  xref = {Reviews: vanlehn:1985a, stefik:1985a.},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
 } 

@article{ michalski-winston_ph:1986a,
  author = {Ryszard S. Michalski and Patrick H. Winston},
  title = {Variable Precision Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {29},
  number = {2},
  pages = {121--146},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Variable precision logic is concerned with problems of reasoning
     with incomplete information and resource constraints.  It offers
     mechanisms for handling trade-offs between the precision of
     inferences and the computational efficiency of deriving them.
     Two aspects of precision are the specificity of conclusions and
     the certainty of belief in them; we address primarily certainty
     and employ censored production rules as an underlying
     representational and computational mechanism.  These censored
     production rules are created by augmenting ordinary production
     rules with an exception condition and are written in the form
     ``if A then B unless C'', where C is the exception condition.
      From a control viewpoint censored production rules are intended
     for situations in which the implication A [=>] B holds
     frequently and the assertion C holds rarely.  Systems using
     censored production rules are free to ignore the exception
     conditions when resources are tight.  Given more time, the
     exception conditions are examined, lending credibility to
     high-speed answers or changing them.  Such logical systems,
     therefore, exhibit variable certainty of conclusions, reflecting
     variable investment of computational resources in conducting
     reasoning.  From a logical viewpoint, the unless operator between
     B and C acts as the exclusive-or operator.  From an expository
     viewpoint, the ``if A then B'' part of censored production rule
     expresses important information (e.g., a causal relationship)
     while the ``unless C'' part acts only as a switch that changes
     the polarity of B to ¬B when C holds.
      Expositive properties are captured quantitatively by augmenting
     censored rules with two parameters that indicate the certainty
     of the implication ``if A then B''.  Parameter [delta] is the
     certainty when the truth value of C is unknown, and [gamma] is
     the certainty when C is known to be false.  } ,
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;resource-limited-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ michaux:1991a,
  author = {Christine Michaux},
  title = {Discussion of Dataflow in {M}ontagovian
       		Semantics and Formal and Cognitive Semantics},
  booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and
  	Discourse},
  publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Harold L. Somers},
  pages = {121--123},
  address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ michel:1989a,
  author = {R. Michel},
  title = {A Categorical Approach to Distributed Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth {ACM} Symposium on
  	Principles of Distributed Computing},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {129--143},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, A's 1st name},
  topic = {distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ michel:1989b,
  author = {R. Michel},
  title = {Knowledge in Distributed {B}yzantine Environments},
  school = {Yale Univeristy},
  year = {1989},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {New Haven, Connecticut},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;Byzantine-agreement;}  
 } 

@book{ michie:1968a,
  editor = {Donald Michie},
  title = {Machine Intelligence 3},
  publisher = {Edinburgh},
  year = {1968},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  ISBN = {085224004X},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
 } 

@book{ michie:1974a,
  author = {Donald Michie},
  title = {On Machine Intelligence},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1974},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {085224262X},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;philosophy-of-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ michie:1979a,
  editor = {Donald Michie},
  title = {Expert Systems in The Micro-Electronic Age},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  ISBN = {0852243812 (pbk.)},
  topic = {expert-systems;}  
 } 

@book{ michie:1982a,
  editor = {Donald Michie},
  title = {Introductory Readings in Expert Systems},
  publisher = {Gordon and Breach},
  year = {1982},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0677163509},
  topic = {expert-systems;}  
 } 

@book{ michie-johnston:1984a,
  author = {Donald Michie and Rory Johnston},
  title = {The Creative Computer: Machine Intelligence and Human
  	Knowledge},
  publisher = {Harmondsworth},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Middlesex, England},
  ISBN = {0670800600},
  topic = {creativity;philosophy-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ michie-johnston:1985a,
  author = {Donald Michie and Rory Johnston},
  title = {The Knowledge Machine: Artificial Intelligence and the Future
    of Man},
  publisher = {W. Morrow},
  year = {1985},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0688032672},
  topic = {AI-survey;induction;AI-popular;}  
 } 

@incollection{ michie:1988a,
  author = {Donald Michie},
  title = {The Fifth Generation's Unbridged Gap},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {467--489},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {foundations-of-software-engineering;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ michon:1986a,
  author = {John Michon},
  title = {Timing Your Mind and Minding Your Time},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Institute for Experimental
		Psychology, Groningen, The Netherlands.  Presidential
		address, Sixth Conference for the International Society
		for the Study of Time.},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ mignucci:1993a,
  author = {Mario Mignucci},
  title = {The {S}toic Analysis of the Sorites},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {93},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {231--245},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;Stoic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mihalcea-moldovan:1998a,
  author = {Rada Mihalcea and Dan I. Moldovan},
  title = {Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Semantic Density},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {16--22},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  url = {
  http://www.ai.sri.com/\user{}harabagi/coling-acl98/acl_work/moldovan.ps.gz},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;lexical-disambiguation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mikeladze:1994a,
  author = {Z.N. Mikeladze},
  title = {Intensional Principles in Aristotle},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {22--25},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {Aristotle;intensionality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mikheev:1996a,
  author = {Andrei Mikheev},
  title = {Unsupervised Learning of Word-Category Guessing Rules},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {327--333},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;statistical-nlp;}  
 } 

@article{ mikheev:1997a,
  author = {Andrei Mikheev},
  title = {Automatic Rule Induction for Unknown-Word Guessing},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {405--423},
  topic = {machine-learning;computational-lexicography;corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ mikheev:2002a,
  author = {Andrei Mikheev},
  title = {Periods, Capitalized Words, Etc.},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {28},
  number = {3},
  pages = {289--318},
  topic = {sentence-boundary-detection;part-of-speech-tagging;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ mikitiuk-truszczcynski:1995a,
  author = {Artur Mikitiuk and Moroslaw Truszczy\'nski},
  title = {Constrained and Rational Default Logics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1509--1515},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {default-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mikitiuk:1996a,
  author = {Artur Mikitiuk},
  title = {Semi-Representability of Default Theories
    	  in Rational Default Logic},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop,
  	{Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3,
	1996.},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska},
  pages = {192--207},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {default-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mikler-etal:1996a,
  author = {Armin R. Mikler and Vasant Honavar and Johnny S.K. Wong},
  title = {Analysis of Utility-Theoretic Heuristics for Intelligent
  	Adaptive Network Routing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {96--101},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {utility;decision-analysis;network-routing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mikulas:1996a,
  author = {Szabolcs Mikul\'as},
  title = {Complete Calculus for Conjugated Arrow Logic},
  booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic},
  publisher = {{CLSI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {125--139},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {arrow-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ milenkovic:1988a,
  author = {Victor J. Milenkovic},
  title = {Verifiable Implementations of Geometric Algorithms Using
  		Finite Precision Arithmetic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {377--401},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Two methods are proposed for correct and verifiable geometric
     reasoning using finite precision arithmetic.  The first method,
     data normalization, transforms the geometric structure into a
     configuration for which all finite precision calculations yield
     correct answers.  The second method, called the hidden variable
     method, constructs configurations that belong to objects in an
     infinite precision domain -- without actually representing these
     infinite precision objects.  Data normalization is applied to the
     problem of modeling polygonal regions in the plane, and the
     hidden variable method is used to calculate arrangements of
     lines.  } ,
  topic = {geometrical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ milgrom:1981a,
  author = {P. Milgrom},
  title = {An Axiomatic Characterization of Common Knowledge},
  journal = {Econometrica},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {49},
  number = {1},
  pages = {219--222},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {mutual-belief;}  
  } 

@article{ milgrom-stokey:1982a,
  author = {P. Milgrom and N. Stokey},
  title = {Information, Trade, and Common Knowledge},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Theory},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {17--27},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {mutual-belief;bargaining-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mili-rada:1992a,
  author = {Hafedh Mili and Roy Rada},
  title = {A Model of Hierarchies Based on Graph Homomorphisms},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {343--361},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;inheritance;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ miller_cs-etal:1997a,
  author = {Craig S. Miller and Jill Fain Lehman and Kenneth R. Koerdinger},
  title = {Goal-Directed Learning in Microworld Interaction},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	Carnegie Mellon University.},
  topic = {machine-learning;intelligent-tutoring;}  
  } 

@article{ miller_d:1989a,
  author = {Dale Miller},
  title = {A Logical Analysis of Modules in Logic Programming},
  journal = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {79--108},
  year = {1989},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ miller_d-etal:1991a,
  author = {Dale Miller and Gopalan Nadathur and Frank Pfenning
  	  and Andre Scedrov},
  title = {Uniform Proofs as a Foundation for Logic Programming},
  journal = {Annals of Pure and Applied Logic},
  volume = {51},
  pages = {125--157},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ miller_d:1997a,
  author = {Dale Miller},
  title = {Linear Logic as Logic Programming: an Abstract},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {63--67},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;linear-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ miller_dw-starr:1967a,
  author = {David W. Miller and Martin K. Starr},
  title = {The Structure of Human Decisions},
  publisher = {Prentics-Hall},
  year = {1967},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  topic = {decision-theory;decision-analysis;}  
 } 

@book{ miller_g-dingwall:1997a,
  editor = {Gale Miller and Robert Dingwall},
  title = {Context and Methods in Qualitative Research},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {qualitative-methods;}  
 } 

@book{ miller_ga:1967a,
  author = {George A. Miller},
  title = {The Psychology of Communication: Seven Essays},
  publisher = {New York, Basic Books},
  year = {1967},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ miller_ga:1967a2,
  author = {George A. Miller},
  title = {Empirical Methods in the Study of Semantics},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {569--585},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Republication of: miller_ga:1967a1.},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;foundations-of-semantics;
  	lexical-semantics;linguistics-methodology;} 
  } 

@incollection{ miller_ga:1967b,
  author = {George A. Miller},
  title = {Empirical Methods in the Study of Semantics},
  booktitle = {Journeys in Science: Small Steps---Great Strides},
  publisher = {University of New Mexico Press},
  year = {1967},
  editor = {D.L. Arm},
  pages = {51--73},
  address = {Albuquerque},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;foundations-of-semantics;
  	lexical-semantics;linguistics-methodology;} 
  } 

@book{ miller_ga:1973a,
  author = {George A. Miller},
  title = {Communication, Language, and Meaning: Psychological
  	Perspectives},
  publisher = {Basic Books},
  year = {1973},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0465012833},
  topic = {linguistics-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ miller_ga-buckhout:1973a,
  author = {George A. Miller and Robert Buckhout},
  title = {Psychology: The Science Of Mental Life},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {Harper and Row},
  year = {1973},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0060444789},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ miller_ga-johnsonlaird:1976a,
  author = {George A. Miller and Philip N. Johnson-Laird},
  title = {Language and  Perception},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0521212421},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ miller_ga:1977a,
  author = {George A. Miller},
  title = {Spontaneous Apprentices: Children and Language},
  publisher = {Seabury Press},
  year = {1977},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0816493308},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;L1-language-learning;}  
 } 

@book{ miller_ga:1981a,
  author = {George A. Miller},
  title = {Language and Speech},
  publisher = {W.H. Freeman},
  year = {1981},
  address = {San Francisco},
  ISBN = {0716712970},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ miller_ga:1986a,
  author = {George A. Miller},
  title = {How School Children Learn Words},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;L1-acquisition;}  
  } 

@techreport{ miller_ga-etal:1990a,
  author = {George A. Miller and Richard Beckwith and Christiane
  	Fellbaum and Derek Gross and Katherine Miller},
  title = {Five papers on {\sc Word{N}et}},
  institution = {Cognitive Science Laboratory, Princeton University},
  year = {1990},
  number = {CSL 43},
  contentnote = {TC:
	1. George A. Miller, Richard Beckwith, Christiane
		Fellbaum, Derek Gross, and Katherine Miller,
		"Introduction to WordNet: An On-Line Lexical
		 Database"
	2. George A. Miller, "Nouns in WordNet: A Lexical Inheritance System"
	3. Derek Gross and Katherine Miller, Adjectives in WordNet"
	4. Christiane Fellbaum, "English Verbs as a Semantic Net"
	5. Richard Beckworth and George Miller, "Implementing a
	   Lexical Network"
  } ,
  xref = {Also published in special issue of the {\it International
  	Journal of Lexicography}, volume 3, number 4.},
  topic = {wordnet;}  
  } 

@book{ miller_ga:1991a,
  author = {George A. Miller},
  title = {The Science of Words},
  publisher = {W.H. Freeman and Co.},
  year = {1991},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0716750279},
  topic = {linguistics-intro;}  
 } 

@incollection{ miller_ga-fellbaum:1992a,
  author = {George A. Miller and Christiane Fellbaum},
  title = {Semantic Networks of {E}nglish},
  booktitle = {Lexical and Conceptual Semantics},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Beth Levin and Steven Pinker},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  pages = {197--229},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;wordnet;}  
  } 

@incollection{ miller_ga:1996a,
  author = {George A. Miller},
  title = {Meaning Matters: Problems in Sense Resolution},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {119--140},
  topic = {ambiguity;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ miller_jl:1990a,
  author = {Joanne L. Miller},
  title = {Speech Perception},
  booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science,
     Vol. 1.},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {69--93},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ miller_m-etal:1996a,
  author = {Michael Miller and Donald Perlis and Khemdut Parang},
  title = {Defaults Denied},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	University of Maryland.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {default-reasoning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ miller_m-perlis:1996a,
  author = {Michael Miller and Donald Perlis},
  title = {Presentations and This and That: Logic in Action},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Maryland.},
  topic = {reference;}  
  } 

@article{ miller_p-pullum:2001a,
  author = {Philip Miller and Geoffrey K. Pullum},
  title = {Review of {\it A Descriptive Approach to
  	Language-Theoretic Complexity}, by {J}ames {R}ogers},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {304--308},
  xref = {Review of: rogers_j:1998a.},
  topic = {mathematical-linguistics;complexity-theory;
  	foundations-of-syntax;}  
  } 

@article{ miller_ph:1991a,
  author = {Philip H. Miller},
  title = {Scandanavian Extraction Phenomena Revisited:  Weak
  	and Strong Generative Capacity},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {101--113},
  number = {1},
  topic = {Scandanavian-languages;context-free-grammars;
  	generative-capacity;}  
  } 

@book{ miller_pl:1986a,
  author = {Perry L. Miller},
  title = {Expert Critiquing Systems: Practice-Based Medical Consultation
    by Computer},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387962913},
  xref = {Review: wellman:1988a.},
  topic = {medical-AI;}  
} 

@book{ miller_pl:1988a,
  editor = {Perry L. Miller},
  title = {Selected Topics in Medical Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {038796701X},
  topic = {medical-AI;}  
} 

@incollection{ miller_r1-shanahan:1996a,
  author = {Rob Miller and Murray Shanahan},
  title = {Reasoning about Discontinuities in the Event Calculus},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {63--74},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;dynamic-systems;action-formalisms;kr-course;cognitive-robotics;}  
  } 

@book{ miller_r2-stout:1996a,
  author = {Russ Miller and Quentin F. Stout},
  title = {Parallel Algorithms for Regular Architectures},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {parallel-processing;}  
 } 

@incollection{ miller_rm:2000a,
  author = {Richard W. Miller},
  title = {Half-Naturalized Social Kinds},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S640--},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {natural-kinds;philosophy-of-social-science;racial-stereotypes;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ miller_s1-etal:1996a,
  author = {Scott Miller and David Stallard and Robert Bobrow and
  	Richard Schwartz},
  title = {A Fully Statistical Approach to Natural Language Interfaces},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {55--61},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;nl-interfaces;}  
 } 

@article{ miller_s2:1990a,
  author = {Seumas Miller},
  title = {Rationalizing Conventions},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {84},
  number = {1},
  pages = {23--41},
  topic = {convention;rationality;}  
  } 

@article{ miller_y-fabiani:2001a,
  author = {Yannick Miller and Patrick Fabiani},
  title = {{TOKENPLAN}: A Planner for Both Satisfaction and
  	Optimization Problems},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {85--87},
  topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ millgram:2000a,
  author = {Elijah Millgram},
  title = {Coherence: The Price of the Ticket},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {2},
  pages = {82--93},
  topic = {coherence;}  
  } 

@book{ milligan:1980a,
  author = {David Milligan},
  title = {Reasoning and the Explanation of Actions},
  publisher = {Harvester Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@article{ millikan:1986a1,
  author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan},
  title = {Thoughts without Laws},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {95},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--80},
  xref = {Republication: millikan:1986a2.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-cogsci;philosophy-of-mind;
  	foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
  } 

@incollection{ millikan:1986a2,
  author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan},
  title = {Thoughts without Laws},
  booktitle = {White Queen Psychology and Other Essays for {A}lice},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruth Garrett Millikan},
  pages = {51--82},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of: millikan:1986a1.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-cogsci;philosophy-of-mind;
  	foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
  } 

@article{ millikan:1989a1,
  author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan},
  title = {In Defense of Proper Functions},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {56},
  number = {2},
  pages = {288--302},
  xref = {Republication: millikan:1989a2.},
  topic = {teleology;philosophy-of-biology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ millikan:1989a2,
  author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan},
  title = {In Defense of Proper Functions},
  booktitle = {White Queen Psychology and Other Essays for {A}lice},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruth Garrett Millikan},
  pages = {13--29},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of: millikan:1989a1.},
  topic = {teleology;philosophy-of-biology;}  
  } 

@book{ millikan:1993a,
  author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan},
  title = {White Queen Psychology and Other Essays for {A}lice},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-13288-5},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "In Defense of Proper Functions", pp. 13--29
     2. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Propensities, Exaptations, and
     		the Brain", pp. 31--50
     3. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Thoughts without Laws", pp. 51--82
     4. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Biosemantics", pp. 83--101
     5. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "On Mentalese Orthography", pp. 103--121
     6. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Compare and Contrast {D}retske,
     		{F}odor, and {M}illikan on Teleosemantics", pp. 123--133
     7. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "What is Behavior?  A Philosophical
     		Essay on Ethology and Individualism in 
		Psychology", pp. 135--150
     8. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "The Green Grass Growing All Around:
     		Essay on Ethology and in Ethology, Part 2", pp. 151--170
     9. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Explanation in Psychology", pp. 171--192
    10. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Metaphysical Antirealism", pp. 193--210
    11. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Truth Rules, Hoverflies, and the
    		{K}ripke-{W}ittgenstein Paradox", pp. 211-239
    12. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Naturalist Reflections on 
    		Knowledge", pp. 241--264
    13. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "The Myth of the Essential 
    		Indexical", pp. 265--277
    14. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "White Queen Psychology: Or, the
    		Last Myth of the Given", pp. 279--363
  } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ millikan:1993b,
  author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan},
  title = {What {P}eter Thinks When He Hears {M}ary Speak},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {725--726},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;implicature;}  
  } 

@incollection{ millikan:1993c,
  author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan},
  title = {Explanation in Biopsychology},
  booktitle = {Mental Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele},
  pages = {211--232},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-psychology;philosophy-of-biology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ millikan:1994a,
  author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan},
  title = {On Unclear and Indistinct Ideas},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {75--100},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {concept-grasping;individual-attitudes;intentionality;
  	Russell;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@article{ millikan:1998a,
  author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan},
  title = {Language Conventions Made Simple},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {95},
  number = {4},
  pages = {161--180},
  topic = {convention;}  
  } 

@incollection{ millikan:1998b,
  author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan},
  title = {Proper Function and Convention in Speech Acts},
  booktitle = {The Philosophy of {P}.{F}. {S}trawson},
  publisher = {Open Court},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Lewis E. Hahn},
  address = {Chicago},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {speech-acts;convention;}  
  } 

@article{ millikan:1999a,
  author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan},
  title = {Wings, Spoons, Pills, and Quills:
  	A Pluralist Theory of Function},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {4},
  pages = {191--206},
  topic = {function;}  
  } 

@book{ millikan:2000a,
  author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan},
  title = {On Clear and Confused Ideas: An Essay about SUbstance
  	Concepts},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: cummins_r-etal:2002a.},
  topic = {metaphysics;individuation;} 
 } 

@article{ mills_e:2002a,
  author = {Eugene Mills},
  title = {Fallibility and the Phenomenal Sorites},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {36},
  number = {3},
  pages = {384--407},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} 
  } 

@article{ milne:1993a,
  author = {Peter Milne},
  title = {The Foundations of Probability and Quantum Mechanics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {129--168},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;quantum-mechanics;}  
  } 

@book{ milner:1980a,
  author = {Robin Milner},
  title = {A Calculus of Communicating Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1980},
  number = {92},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {distributed-systems;concurrent-actions;
  	concurrence;theory-of-computation;}  
 } 

@book{ milner:1989a,
  author = {Robin Milner},
  title = {Communication and Concurrency},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1989},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {distributed-systems;concurrent-actions;
  	concurrence;theory-of-computation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ milner:1993a,
  author = {Robin Milner},
  title = {The Polyadic $\pi$-Calculus: A Tutorial},
  booktitle = {Logic and Algebra of Specification},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {F.L Bauer and W. Brauer and H. Schwichtenberg},
  pages = {203--246},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {polyadic-pi-calculus;}  
  } 

@book{ milner:1999a,
  author = {Robin Milner},
  title = {Communicating and Mobile Systems: The $\pi$ Calculus},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0 521 65869 (pbk)},
  topic = {distributed-systems;concurrent-actions;
  	concurrence;theory-of-computation;}  
 } 

@book{ milsark:1976a,
  author = {Gary Milsark},
  title = {Existential Sentences in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {indefiniteness;existential-constructions;}  
 } 

@article{ miltsakaki:2002a,
  author = {Eleni Miltsakaki},
  title = {Toward an Aposynthesis of Topic Continuity and 
  	Intrasentential Anaphora},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {28},
  number = {3},
  pages = {319--355},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;sentence-focus;corpus-linguistics;} 
  } 

@article{ milward:1994a,
  author = {David Milward},
  title = {Dynamic Dependency Grammar},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {6},
  pages = {561--605},
  topic = {dependency-grammar;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ minelli-polemarchis:1996a,
  author = {E. Minelli and H.M. Polemarchis},
  title = {Knowledge at Equilibrium},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {211--228},
  address = {San Francisco},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {game-theory;Nash-equilibria;mutual-belief;rational-action;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mineur-buitelaar:1996a,
  author = {Anne-Marie Mineur and Paul Buitelaar},
  title = {A Compositional Treatment of
		Polysemous Arguments in Categorial Grammar},
  booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters},
  pages = {125--143},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;polysemy;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ minicozzi-reiter:1972a,
  author = {Eliana Minicozzi and Raymond Reiter},
  title = {A note on Linear Resolution Strategies in
  	Consequence-Finding},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {175--180},
  topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;}  
  } 

@incollection{ minker:2000b,
  author = {Jack Minker},
  title = {Introduction To Logic-Based Artificial
     		Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {3--33 } ,
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ minker_j-etal:1973a,
  author = {Jack Minker and Daniel H. Fishman and James R.  McSkimin},
  title = {The {Q}* Algorithm---A Search Strategy for a Deductive
  	Question-Answering System},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {225--243},
  topic = {theorem-proving;question-answering;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ minker_j:1982a1,
  author = {Jack Minker},
  title = {On Indefinite Databases and the Closed World Assumption},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Automated
    	         Deduction},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {292--308},
  xref = {Republication: minker_j:1982a2.},
  topic = {databases;closed-world-assumption;}  
    } 

@incollection{ minker_j:1982a2,
  author = {Jack Minker},
  title = {On Indefinite Databases and the Closed World
         Assumption},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {326--333},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: minker_j:1982a1.},
  topic = {databases;closed-world-assumption;}  
  } 

@book{ minker_j:1987a,
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  title = {Foundations of Deductive Databases and Logic
      Programming},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {logic-programming;deductive-databases;}  
 } 

@incollection{ minker_j-etal:1991a,
  author = {Jack Minker and Jorge Lobo and Arcot Rajasekar},
  title = {Circumscription and Disjunctive Logic Programming},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {281--304},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {circumscription;disjunctive-logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ minker_j:1997a,
  author = {Jack Minker},
  title = {Logic and Databases: Past, Present and Future},
  journal = {{AI} Magazine},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {21--47},
  contentnote = {This article contains an extensive bibliography},
  topic = {deductive-databases;}  
  } 

@book{ minker_j:1999a,
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  title = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  contentnote = {TC:
       1. Vladimir Lifschitz, "A Causal Language for Describing
       		Actions"
       2. H\'ector Geffner and Blai Bonet, "Functional Strips: A More
       		General Language for planning and Problem Solving"
       3. Marc Deneker and Viktor Marek and Miroslaw Truszczy\'nski,
       		"Approximating Operators, Stable Operators, Well-Founded
		Fixpoints and Applications in Nonmonotonic Reasoning"
       4. James P. Delgrande and Torsten Schaub, "The Role of Default
       		Logic in Knowledge Representation: Preliminary Draft"
       5. John Mccarthy, "Concepts of Logical {AI}"
       6. Eric Sandewall, "On the Methodology of Research in Knowledge
  		Representation and Common-Sense Reasoning"
       7. Don Perlis, "Status Report on Beliefs---Preliminary Version"
       8. Nir Friedman, "Plausibility Measures and Default Reasoning"
       9. Henry Kautz and Bart Selman, "Unifying {SAT}-Based and
       		Graph-Based Planning"
      10. Bernhard Nebel, "What is the Expressive Power of
      		Disjunctive Preconditions?"
      11. Norm Mccain, "Causal Calculator"
      12. Blai Bonet and H\'ector Geffner, "General Planning Tool (GPT)"
      13. Fahiem Bacchus, "{TL}Plan: Planning Using Declarative
      		Search Control (Abstract)"
      14. David S. Warren, "The {XSB} Tabled Logic Programming System
      		(Abstract)"
      15. Hector J. Levesque, "Two Approaches to Efficient Open-World Reasoning"
      16. T. Eiter and W. Faber and G. Gottlob and C. Koch
  		and C. Mateis and N. Leone and Gerald Pfeifer and
		F. Scarcello, "The {DLV} System"
      17. {John-Jules Ch.} Meyer, "Dynamic Logic for Reasoning about
      		Actions and Agents"
      18. Murray Shanahan, "Reinventing Shakey"
      19. V.S. Subrahmanian, "Interactive {M}aryland Platform for
      		Agents Collaborating Together"
      20. Ilke Niemel\"a, "Smodels: An Implementation of the Stable
      		Model Semantics for Normal Logic Programs"
      21. Chitta Baral and Michael Gelfond, "Reasoning Agents in
      		Dynamic Domains"
      22. Raymond Reiter, "The Cognitive Robotics Project at the
      		University of {T}oronto"
      23. Francesco Buccafurri and Thomas Eiter and Georg Gottlob
  		and Nicola Leone, "Applying Abduction Techniques to
		Verification"
      24. Steven H. Muggleton and F.A. Marginean, "Binary Refinement"
      25. Bart Selman, "Blackbox: A {SAT} Technology Planning System
      		(Abstract)"
      26. Victor Marek, "Default Reasoning System {DeReS} (Abstract)"
      27. Thomas Eiter, "Using the {DLV} System for {AI} Applications
      		(Abstract)"
      28. Raymond Reiter, "A Coffee Delivery {G}olog Program"
      29. Carlo Zaniolo, "Breaking through the Barriers of Stratification"
      30. J. Strother Moore, "Towards a Mechanically Checked Theory
      		of Computation: A Preliminary Report"
      31. Stephen H. Muggleton, "Progol"
      32. Alon Y. Levy, "Logic-Based Techniques in Data Integration"
      33. Brian C. Williams and P. Pandurang Nayak, "A Model-Based
      		Approach to Reactive Self-Configuring Systems"
      34. Don Loveland, "Applications of Theorem Proving"
      35. Georg Gottlob and Erich Gr\"adel and Helmut Veith, "Datalog
      		{LITE}"
      36. Krzysztof R. Apt, "Formulas as Programs: A Computational
      		Interpretation of First-Order Logic"
      37. Rina Dechter, "Unifying Structure-Driven Inference"
      38. Pascal Van Hentenryck, "Constraint Programming Languages
      		(Abstract)"
      39. Didier Dubois and Henri Prade, "Decision, Nonmonotonic
      		Reasoning and Possibilistic
  		Logic"
      40. Craig Boutilier, "The Role of Logic in Stochastic Decision
      		Processes"
      41. Lenhart K. Schubert, "The Situations We Talk about"
      42. Richmond H. Thomason, "Modeling the Beliefs of Other
      		Agents"
    } ,
  topic  = {logic-in-AI;logic-in-AI-survey;}  
 } 

@book{ minker_j:2000a,
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  title = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Jack Minker, "Introduction To Logic-Based Artificial
     		Intelligence", Pp. 3--33
     2. John Mccarthy, "Concepts Of Logical {AI}", pp. 37--56
     3. Giuseppe De Giacomo and Hector J. Levesque, "Two Approaches to
     		Efficient Open-World Reasoning", pp. 59--78
     4. Thomas Eiter and Wolfgang Faber and Nicola Leone and
     		Gerald Pfeifer, "Declarative Problem-Solving in
		{DLV}", pp. 79--103
     5. James P. Delgrande and Torsten Schaub, "The Role of Default
       		Logic in Knowledge Representation", pp. 107--126
     6. Marc Deneker and Viktor Marek and Miroslaw
     		Truszczy\'nski, "Approximations, Stable Operators,
		Well-Founded Fixpoints and Applications in
		Nonmonotonic Reasoning", pp. 127--144
     7. Vladimir Lifschitz and Norman McCain and Emilio Remolina and
     		Armando Tacchella, "Getting to the Airport: The
		Oldest Planning Problem in {AI}", pp. 147--165
     8. Henry Kautz and Bart Selman, "Encoding Domain Knowledge for
       		Propositional Planning", pp. 169--186
     9. H\'ector Geffner, "Functional Strips", pp. 187--209
    10. Fiora Pirri and Raymond Reiter, "Planning with Natural
    		Actions in the Situation Calculus", pp. 213--231
    11. Murray Shanahan, "Reinventing {S}hakey", pp. 233--253
    12. Chitta Baral and Michael Gelfond, "Reasoning Agents in
      		Dynamic Domains", pp. 257--279
    13. {John-Jules Ch.} Meyer, "Dynamic Logic for Reasoning about
      		Actions and Agents", pp. 281--311
    14. Steven H. Muggleton and Flaviu A. Marginean, "Logic-Based
    		Machine Learning", pp. 315--330
    15. Salem Benferhat and Didier Dubois and H\'elene Fargier and
    		Henri Prade and R\'egis Sabbadin, "Decision, Nonmonotonic
      		Reasoning and Possibilistic Logic", pp. 333--358
    16. Don Perlis, "The Role of Belief in {AI}", pp. 361--374
    17. Richmond H. Thomason, "Modeling the Beliefs of Other
      		Agents", pp. 375--473
    18. Lenhart K. Schubert, "The Situations We Talk
    		about", pp. 407--439
    19. Georg Gottlob and Erich Gr\"adel and Helmut Veith, "Linear
    		Time Datalog and Branching Time Logic", pp. 443--467
    20. Bernhard Nebel, "On the Expressive Power of
      		Planning Formalisms", pp. 469--488
    21. Ilkka Niemel\"a and Patrick Simons, "Extending the {S}models
    		System with Cardinality and Weight
		Constraints", pp. 491--521
    22. Haixun Wang and Carlo Zaniolo, "Nonmonotonic Reasoning in
    		${\cal LDL^{++}}$", pp. 523--544
    23. J. Strother Moore, "Towards a Mechanically Checked Theory
      		of Computation", pp. 547--574
    24. Alon Y. Levy, "Logic-Based Techniques in Data
    		Integration", pp. 575--595
  } ,
  topic = {logic-in-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ minker_w-etal:1999a,
  author = {Wolfgang Minker and Alex Waibel and Joseph Mariani},
  title = {Stochastically-Based Semantic Analysis},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792385713},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ minnen:1996a,
  author = {Guido Minnen},
  title = {Magic for Filter Optimization in Dynamic Bottom-up
  	Processing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {247--254},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
 } 

@incollection{ minnen-etal:2000a,
  author = {Guido Minnen and Francis Bond and Ann Copestake},
  title = {Memory-Based Learning for Article Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {43--48},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;nl-generation;article-selection;}  
  } 

@book{ minsky:1969a,
  author = {Marvin Minsky},
  title = {Semantic Information Processing},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1969},
  address = {Cambridge},
  topic = {AI-classics;}  
 } 

@techreport{ minsky:1974a1,
  author = {Marvin Minsky},
  title = {A Framework for Representing Knowledge},
  institution = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, {MIT}},
  year = {1974},
  number = {306},
  xref = {Republished in haugeland:1981a.  And in Ronald J. Brachman
  	and Hector J. Levesque, Readings in Knowledge Representation.
	See minsky:1981a1, minsky:1981a2, minsky:1981a3.},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;frames;}  
    } 

@incollection{ minsky:1974a2,
  author = {Marvin Minsky},
  title = {A Framework for Representing Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Mind Design},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {John Haugeland},
  pages = {95--128},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Tech Report: minsky:1974a1.},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;frames;}  
  } 

@incollection{ minsky:1975a3,
  author = {Marvin Minsky},
  title = {A Framework for Representing Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Psychology of Computer Vision},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Patrick H. Winston},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Tech Report: minsky:1974a1.},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;frames;}  
  } 

@article{ minsky:1993a,
  author = {Marvin Minsky},
  title = {Book Review of `Unified Theories of Cognition', by
  	{A}llen {N}ewell},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {343--354},
  xref = {Review of newell:1992a.},
  topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;}  
  } 

@book{ minton:1988a,
  author = {Steven Minton},
  title = {Learning Search Control Knowledge: An Explanation-Based
    Approach},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0898382947},
  xref = {Review: dejong_gf-gratch:1991a.},
  topic = {explanation-based-learning;machine-learning;
  	procedural-control;search;}  
 } 

@article{ minton-etal:1989a,
  author = {Steven Minton and Jaime Carbonell and Craig A. Knoblock
  	and Daniel R. Kuokka and Oren Etzioni and Yolanda Gil},
  title = {Explanation-Based Learning: A Problem Solving Perspective},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {40},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {63--118},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This article outlines explanation-based learning (EBL) and its
     role in improving problem solving performance through
     experience.  Unlike inductive systems, which learn by
     abstracting common properties from multiple examples, EBL
     systems explain why a particular example is an instance of a
     concept.  The explanations are then converted into operational
     recognition rules.  In essence, the EBL approach is analytical
     and knowledge-intensive, whereas inductive methods are empirical
     and knowledge-poor. This article focuses on extensions of the
     basic EBL method and their integration with the PRODIGY problem
     solving system.  PRODIGY's EBL method is specifically designed
     to acquire search control rules that are effective in reducing
     total search time for complex task domains.  Domain-specific
     search control rules are learned from successful problem solving
     decisions, costly failures, and unforeseen goal interactions.
     The ability to specify multiple learning strategies in a
     declarative manner enables EBL to serve as a general technique
     for performance improvement.  PRODIGY's EBL method is analyzed,
     illustrated with several examples and performance results, and
     compared with other methods for integrating EBL and problem
     solving.},
  topic = {machine-learning;explanation-based-learning;
  	procedural-control;}  
  } 

@article{ minton:1990a,
  author = {Steven Minton},
  title = {Quantitative Results Concerning The Utility of
  	Explanation-Based Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {42},
  number = {3},
  pages = {363--391},
  topic = {machine-learning;explanation-based-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ minton-etal:1992a,
  author = {Steven Minton and Mark Drummond and John L. Bresina
  	and Andrew B. Philips},
  title = {Total Versus Partial Order Planning:  Factors Influencing
  	Performance},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {83--92},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@book{ minton:1993a,
  editor = {Steven Minton},
  title = {Machine Learning Methods For Planning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1993},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  ISBN = {1558602488},
  topic = {machine-learning;planning;search;procedural-control;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ minton:1996a,
  author = {Steven Minton},
  title = {Is There Any Need for Domain-Dependent Control
  	Information?  A Reply},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {855--862},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {search;domain-(in)dependence;}  
  } 

@article{ mints:1993a,
  author = {Gregori Mints},
  title = {Resolution Calculus for the First Order Linear Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {59--83},
  topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;linear-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mints-etal:1996a,
  author = {Grigori Mints and Sergei Tupailo and Wilfried Buchholtz},
  title = {Epsilon Substitution Method for Elementary Analysis},
  journal = {Archive for Mathematical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {103--130},
  xref = {Review: kohlenbach:2000a.},
  topic = {epsilon-operator;elementary-analysis;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ mints:1997a,
  author = {Grigori Mints},
  title = {Indexed Systems of Sequents and Cut-Elimination},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {6},
  pages = {671--696},
  topic = {proof-theory;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mints:1999a,
  author = {Gregori Mints},
  title = {Cut-Elimination for Simple Type Theory
  	with an Axiom of Choice},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {64},
  number = {2},
  pages = {479--485},
  topic = {proof-theory;cut-free-deduction;higher-order-logic;
  	axiom-of-choice;}  
  } 

@book{ mio-katz_an:1996a,
  editor = {Jeffrey S. Mio and Albert N. Katz},
  title = {Metaphor},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;metaphor;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mircheva:1994a,
  author = {Marion Mircheva},
  title = {Logic Programs with Tests},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {276--292},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ mirou:1999a,
  author = {Adrian Mirou},
  title = {Actuality and World-Indexed Sentences},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {311--330},
  topic = {actuality;}  
  } 

@book{ misch:1988a,
  editor = {Frederic C. Misch},
  title = {Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary},
  publisher = {Merriam-Webster Inc.},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Springfield, Massachusetts},
  topic = {language-reference;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ mitamura:1989a,
  author = {Teruko Mitamura},
  title = {The Hierarchical Organization of Predicate Conceptual Frames
	and Mapping Rules for Natural Language Processing},
  school = {University of Pittsburgh},
  year = {1989},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ mitchell_dg-etal:1992a,
  author = {David G. Mitchell and Bart Selman and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Hard and Easy Distributions for {SAT} Problems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
  pages = {459--465},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {AI-search-statistics;}  
  } 

@article{ mitchell_dg-levesque:1996a,
  author = {David G. Mitchell and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Some Pitfalls for Experimenters with Random {SAT}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {81},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {111--125},
  topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;
  	computational-phase-transitions;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ mitchell_jc:1986a,
  author = {John C. Mitchell},
  title = {Kripke-Style Semantics for Typed Lambda Calculus},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, AT\&T Bell Labs},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mitchell_jc-odonnell:1986a,
  author = {John C. Mitchell and Michael J. O'Donnell},
  title = {Realizability Semantics for Error-Tolerant Logics
  	(Preliminary Version)},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {363--381},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {relevance-logic;kr;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mitchell_jc:1991a,
  author = {John C. Mitchell},
  title = {On the Equivalence of Data Representations},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {305--329},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {abstract-data-types;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ mitchell_jc:1996a,
  author = {John C. Mitchell},
  title = {Foundations for Programming Languages},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {theory-of-programming-languages;
  	semantics-of-programming-languages;}  
 } 

@article{ mitchell_jsb:1988a,
  author = {Joseph S.B. Mitchell},
  title = {An Algorithmic Approach to Some Problems in
  	Terrain Navigation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {171--201},
  topic = {motion-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ mitchell_m:1998a,
  author = {Melanie Mitchell},
  title = {Review of {\em {H}andbook of Genetic Algorithms}, by
  	{L}.{D}. {D}avis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {100},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {325--330},
  xref = {Review of davis_ld:1991a.},
  topic = {genetic-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ mitchell_sd:2000a,
  author = {Sandra D. Mitchell},
  title = {Dimensions of Scientific Law},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {67},
  number = {2},
  pages = {242--265},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;philosophy-of-biology;
  	causality;natural-laws;}  
  } 

@article{ mitchell_t:2001a,
  author = {Tom Mitchell},
  title = {Author's Response to Reviews of {\it Machine Learning}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {131},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {223--225},
  topic = {machine-learning;AI-instruction;}  
  } 

@article{ mitchell_tm:1982a,
  author = {Tom M. Mitchell},
  title = {Generalization as Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {203--226},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The problem of concept learning, or forming a general
     description of a class of objects given a set of examples and
     non-examples, is viewed here as a search problem. Existing
     programs that generalize from examples are characterized in
     terms of the classes of search strategies that they employ.
     Several classes of search strategies are then analyzed and
     compared in terms of their relative capabilities and
     computational complexities.
  } ,
  topic = {concept-learning;complexity-in-AI;search;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ mitchell_tm:1986a,
  author = {Tom M. Mitchell},
  title = {Version Space:  An Approach to Concept Learning},
  school = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University},
  year = {1986},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {machine-learning;version-spaces;explanation-based-learning;}  
 } 

@book{ mitchell_tm-etal:1986a,
  editor = {Tom M. Mitchell and Jaime G. Carbonell and Ryszard S.
  	Michalski},
  title = {Machine Learning: A Guide to Current Research},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Boston},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ mitchell_tm-thrun:1996a,
  author = {Tom M. Mitchell and Sebastian B. Thrun},
  title = {Learning Analytically and Inductively},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {85--110},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;learning;induction;}  
  } 

@article{ mitchell_tm:1997a,
  author = {Tom M. Mitchell},
  title = {Does Machine Learning Really Work?},
  journal = {{AI} Magazine},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {11--20},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ mitchell_tm:1997b,
  author = {Tom M. Mitchell},
  title = {Machine Learning},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Boston},
  xref = {Review: davis_e:2001a.},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
 } 

@book{ mitkov-nicolov:1997a,
  editor = {Ruslan Mitkov and Nicolas Nicolov},
  title = {Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing: Selected
 	Papers From {RANLP}'95},
  publisher = {J. Benjamins},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {9027236402},
  topic = {nl-processing;}  
 } 

@article{ mitkov:1999a,
  author = {Ruslan Mitkov},
  title = {Review of {\it Centering Theory in Discourse}, edited by
  	{M}arilyn {W}alker, {A}rivind {J}oshi, and {E}llen {P}rince},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {25},
  number = {4},
  pages = {625--62},
  xref = {Review of walker_ma-etal:1997b.},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;centering;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ mitkov-etal:2001a,
  author = {Ruslan Mitkov and Branimir Boguraev and Shalom Lappin},
  title = {Introduction},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {4},
  note = {Introduction to the Special Issue on Computational
  	Anaphora Resolution.},
  pages = {473--477},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ mittal-moore_jd:1996a,
  author = {Vibhu O. Mittal and Johanna D. Moore},
  title = {Detecting Knowledge Base Inconsistencies Using Automated
  	Generation of Text and Examples},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {483--488},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {nl-generation;inconsistency-detection;}  
  } 

@article{ mittal-etal:1998a,
  author = {Vibhu O. Mittal and Johanna D. Moore and Giussppe Carenini
  	and Steven Roth},
  title = {Describing Complex Charts in Natural Language: A
  	Caption Generation System},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {431--467},
  topic = {nl-generation;multimedia-generation;} 
  } 

@article{ mittelstaedt:1977a,
  author = {Peter Mittelstaedt},
  title = {Time Dependent Propositions and Quantum Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {463--472},
  topic = {quantum-logic;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mittelstaedt-stachow:1978a,
  author = {P. Mittelstaedt and E.-W. Stachow},
  title = {The Principle of Excluded Middle in Quantum Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {181--208},
  topic = {quantum-logic;truth-value-gaps;}  
  } 

@article{ mittelstaedt:1979a,
  author = {Peter Mittelstaedt},
  title = {The Modal Logic of Quantum Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {479--504},
  topic = {modal-logic;quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ mitton:1996a,
  author = {Roger Mitton},
  title = {English Spelling and the Computer},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1996},
  address = {London},
  topic = {spelling-correction;}  
 } 

@article{ mittwoch:1976a,
  author = {Anita Mittwoch},
  title = {Grammar and Illocutionary Force},
  journal = {Lingua},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {40},
  pages = {21--42},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ mittwoch:1977a,
  author = {Anita Mittwoch},
  title = {How to Refer to One's Own Words: Speech Act Modifying
  	Adverbials and the Performative Analysis},
  journal = {Journal of Linguistics},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {177--189},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {speech-acts;}  
  } 

@article{ mittwoch:1988a,
  author = {Anna Mittwoch},
  title = {Aspects of {E}nglish Aspect: On the Interaction of
  	Perfect, Progressive and Durational Phrases},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {203--254},
  topic = {tense-aspect;progressive;perfective-aspect;
  	nl-semantics;tense-aspect;Aktionsarten;}  
  } 

@article{ mittwoch:1993a,
  author = {Anita Mittwoch},
  title = {The Relation between {\it Schon/Already} and
  	{\it Noch/Still\/}: A Reply to {L}\"obner},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {71--82},
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;presupposition;pragmatics;
  	`already';`still';}  
  } 

@incollection{ mittwoch:1995a,
  author = {Anita Mittwoch},
  title = {The {E}nlish Perfect, Past Perfect, and Future Perfect
  	in a Reichenbachean Framework},
  booktitle = {Temporal Reference, Aspect, and Actuality},
  publisher = {Rosenberg and Sellier},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Pier M. Bertinetto and V. Bianchi and \"Osten Dahl and
  	M. Squartini},
  pages = {255--267},
  address = {Torino},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name},
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;Aktionsarten;}  
  } 

@article{ miyashita-sycara:1995a,
  author = {Kazuo Miyashita and Katia Sycara},
  title = {{CABINS}: A Framework of Knowledge Acquisition and Iterative
  	Revision for Schedule Improvement and Reactive Repair},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {377--426},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Practical scheduling problems generally require allocation of
     resources in the presence of a large, diverse and typically
     conflicting set of constraints and optimization criteria.  The
     ill-structuredness of both the solution space and the desired
     objectives make scheduling problems difficult to formalize.  This
     paper describes a case-based learning method for acquiring
     context-dependent user optimization preferences and tradeoffs
     and using them to incrementally improve schedule quality in
     predictive scheduling and reactive schedule management in
     response to unexpected execution events.  The approach,
     implemented in the CABINS system, uses acquired user preferences
     to dynamically modify search control to guide schedule
     improvement.  During iterative repair, cases are exploited for:
     (1) repair action selection, (2) evaluation of intermediate
     repair results and (3) recovery from revision failures.  The
     method allows the system to dynamically switch between repair
     heuristic actions, each of which operates with respect to a
     particular local view of the problem and offers selective repair
     advantages.  Application of a repair action tunes the search
     procedure to the characteristics of the local repair problem.
     This is achieved by dynamic modification of the search control
     bias.  There is no a priori characterization of the amount of
     modification that may be required by repair actions.  However,
     initial experimental results show that the approach is able to
     (a) capture and effectively utilize user scheduling preferences
     that were not present in the scheduling model, (b) produce
     schedules with high quality, without unduly sacrificing
     efficiency in predictive schedule generation and reactive
     response to unpredictable execution events along a variety of
     criteria that have been recognized as important in real
     operating environments.  } ,
  topic = {knowledge-acquisition;case-based-reasoning;machine-learning;
  	scheduling;}  
  } 

@article{ miyazaki-etal:1997a,
  author = {Kazuteru Miyazaki and Masayuki Yamamura and Shigenobu
  	Kobayashi},
  title = {k-Certainty Exploration Method: An Action Selector
  	to Identify the Environment in Reinforcement Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {91},
  number = {1},
  pages = {155--171},
  topic = {machine-learning;reinforcement-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ mizoguchi-etal:1999a,
  author = {F. Mizoguchi and H. Nichiyama and H. Ohwada and
  	H. Hiraishi},
  title = {Smart Office Robot Collaboration Based on Multi-Agent
  	Programming},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {114},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {57--94},
  topic = {multiagent-planning;multiagent-systems;robotics;}  
  } 

@book{ modrak:2000a,
  author = {Deborah K.W. Modrak},
  title = {Aristotle's Theory of Language and Meaning},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052177266-4},
  xref = {Review: tierney:2000a.},
  topic = {Aristotle;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ moens:1987a,
  author = {Marc Moens},
  title = {Tense, Aspect, and Temporal Reference},
  school = {University of Edinburgh},
  year = {1987},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {nl-tense;nl-semantics;reference;}  
 } 

@article{ moens-steedman:1988a,
  author = {Marc Moens and Mark Steedman},
  title = {Temporal Ontology and Temporal Reference},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {15--28},
  topic = {nl-tense;nl-semantics;reference;}  
  } 

@article{ mohr-henderson:1986a,
  author = {Roger Mohr and Thomas C. Henderson},
  title = {Arc and Path Consistency Revisited},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {28},
  number = {2},
  pages = {225--233},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Mackworth and Freuder have analyzed the time complexity of
     several constraint satisfaction algorithms [5].  We present here
     new algorithms for arc and path consistency and show that the
     arc consistency algorithm is optimal in time complexity and of
     the same-order space complexity as the earlier algorithms.  A
     refined solution for the path consistency problem is proposed.
     However, the space complexity of the path consistency algorithm
     makes it practicable only for small problems.  These algorithms
     are the result of the synthesis techniques used in ALICE (a
     general constraint satisfaction system) and local consistency
     methods [3].  } ,
  topic = {arc-(in)consistency;consistency-checking;
  	constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@article{ mohr-etal:1995a,
  author = {Roger Mohr and Boubakeur Boufama and Pascal Brand},
  title = {Understanding Positioning from Multiple Images},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {78},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {213--238},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     It is possible to recover the three-dimensional structure of a
     scene using only correspondences between images taken with
     uncalibrated cameras (faugeras 1992).  The reconstruction
     obtained this way is only defined up to a projective
     transformation of the 3D space.  However, this kind of structure
     allows some spatial reasoning such as finding a path.  In order
     to perform more specific reasoning, or to perform work with a
     robot moving in Euclidean space, Euclidean or affine constraints
     have to be added to the camera observations.  Such constraints
     arise from the knowledge of the scene: location of points,
     geometrical constraints on lines, etc.  First, this paper
     presents a reconstruction method for the scene, then it
     discusses how the framework of projective geometry allows
     symbolic or numerical information about positions to be derived,
     and how knowledge about the scene can be used for computing
     symbolic or numerical relationships.  Implementation issues and
     experimental results are discussed. } ,
  topic = {computer-vision;robotics;motion-planning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mohri-sproat:1996a,
  author = {Mehryar Mohri and Richard Sproat},
  title = {An Efficient Parser for Weighted Rewrite Rules},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {231--255},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {parsing-optimization;}  
 } 

@article{ mohri:1997a,
  author = {Mehryar Mohri},
  title = {Finite-State Transducers in Language and Speech
  	Processing},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2},
  pages = {269--311},
  topic = {finite-state-nlp;clcourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ moinard:1994a,
  author = {Yves Moinard},
  title = {Preferential Entailments for Circumscription},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {461--472},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;circumscription;model-preference;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ moinard-rolland:1994a,
  author = {Yves Moinard and Raymond Rolland},
  title = {Around a Powerful Property of Circumscription},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce},
  pages = {34--49},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {circumscription;}  
  } 

@article{ moinard:2000a,
  author = {Yves Moinard},
  title = {Note about Cardinality-Based Circumscription},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {119},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {259--273},
  topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mokbel-etal:1998a,
  author = {Chafic Mokbel and Denis Jouvet and Jean Monn\'e
       		and Renato de Mori},
  title = {Robust Speech Recognition},
  booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Renato de Mori},
  pages = {405--460},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {speech-recognition;speech-recognition-algorithms;}  
  } 

@book{ moller-birtwistle:1996a,
  editor = {Faron Moller and Graham Birtwistle},
  title = {Logics For Concurrency: Structure Versus Automata},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540609156},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Samson Abramsky, Simon Gay and Rajagopal Nagarajan, "Specification
     		Structures and Propositions-as-Types for Concurrency"
     2. E. Allen Emerson, "Automated Temporal Reasoning about
     		Reactive Systems"
     3. Yoram Hirshfeld and Faron Moller, "Decidability Results in
     		Automata and Process Theory"
     4. Colin Stirling, "Modal and Temporal Logics for Processes"
     5. Moshe Y. Vardi, "An Automata-Theoretic Approach to Linear
     	       Temporal Logic"
  } ,
  topic = {logic-in-cs;concurrency;}  
 } 

@article{ moltman:1995a,
  author = {Frederike Moltmann},
  title = {Exception Sentences and Polyadic Quantification},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {223--280},
  topic = {nl-semantics;generalized-quantifiers;exception-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ moltman:1997a,
  author = {Frederike Moltman},
  title = {Intensional Verbs and Quantifiers},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--52},
  topic = {intensionality;}  
  } 

@book{ moltman:1997b,
  author = {Frederike Moltman},
  title = {Parts and Wholes in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: pianesi:2002a.},
  topic = {mereology;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ moltmann:1991a,
  author = {Frederike Moltmann},
  title = {Measure Adverbials},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {6},
  pages = {629--660},
  contentnote = {Defends idea that measure adverbials are quantifiers
  	over measures.},
  topic = {measures;adverbs;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ moltmann:1992a,
  author = {Frederike Moltmann},
  title = {Reciprocals and {\it Same/Different\/}: Towards
  	a Semantic Analysis},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  number = {4},
  pages = {411--462},
  topic = {reciprical-constructions;sameness/difference;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ moltmann:1995b,
  author = {Frederika Moltmann},
  title = {Part-Structure Modifiers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {255--274},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@book{ monaghan:1987a,
  editor = {James Monaghan},
  title = {Grammar in the Construction of Texts},
  publisher = {F. Pinter},
  year = {1987},
  address = {London},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
} 

@incollection{ mondadori:1978a,
  author = {Fabrizio Mondadori},
  title = {Remarks on Tense and Mood: the Perfect Future},
  booktitle = {Studies in Formal Semantics: Intensionality, Temporality,
  	Negation},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and Christian Rohrer},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  pages = {223--248},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@article{ monderer-samet:1989a,
  author = {Dov Monderer and D. Samet},
  title = {Approximating Common Knowledge With Common Beliefs},
  journal = {Games and Economic Behavior},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {170--190},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {mutual-belief;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ monderer-tennenholtz:1997a,
  author = {Dov Monderer and Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {Distributed (Parallel) Games},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Faculty of Industrial Engineering and
			Management},
  topic = {game-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ monderer-tennenholtz:1998a,
  author = {Dov Monderer and Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {Distributed Games},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {279--292},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {distributed-systems;game-theory;prisoner's-dilemma;
  	artificial-societies;}  
  } 

@article{ monderer-tennenholtz:2000a,
  author = {Dov Monderer and Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {Optimal Auctions Revisited},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {120},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--42},
  topic = {auction-protocols;bargaining-theory;optimality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ monfroy-ringeissen:1998a,
  author = {Eric Monfroy and Christophe Ringeissen},
  title = {Sole{X}: A Domain Independent Scheme for Constraint Solver
		Extension},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {222--233},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@book{ monk_af:1984a,
  author = {Andrew F. Monk},
  title = {Fundamentals of Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0125045808},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ monk_af-gilbert:1995a,
  editor = {Andrew F. Monk and G. Nigel Gilbert},
  title = {Perspectives on {HCI}: Diverse Approaches},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0125045751},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ monk_af:1999a,
  author = {Andrew F. Monk},
  title = {Participatory Status in Electronically Mediated
			Collaborative Work},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {73--80},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;collaboration;HCI;}  
  } 

@book{ monk_r:1996a,
  author = {Roy Monk},
  title = {The Language Connection},
  publisher = {Thommes Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Bristol},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ monk_r-palmer:1996a,
  editor = {Roy Monk and Anthony Palmer},
  title = {Bertrand {R}ussell and the Origins of Analytic
  	Philosophy},
  publisher = {Thoemmes Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Bristol},
  topic = {Russell;analytic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@book{ monnich:1981a,
  editor = {Uwe M\"onnich},
  title = {Aspects of Philosophical Logic},
  booktitle = {Aspects of Philosophical Logic},
  publisher = {D.~Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ monnich:1982a,
  author = {Uwe M\"onnich},
  title = {Toward a Calculus of Concepts as a Semantical
  	Metalanguage},
  year = {1982},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of T\"ubingen.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {intensionality;higher-order-modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ montagna:1982a,
  author = {Franco Montagna},
  title = {Relatively Precomplete Numerations and Arithmetic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {419--430},
  topic = {undecidability;}  
  } 

@article{ montagna:2000a,
  author = {Franco Montagna},
  title = {An Algebraic Approach to Propositional Fuzzy Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--124},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;fuzzy-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ montagna:2000b,
  author = {Franco Montagna},
  title = {Review of {\it A Complete Many-Valued Logic with
  	Product-Conjunction}, by {P}etr {H}\'ajek and {L}luis {G}odo and
	{F}rancesc {E}steva},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {346--347},
  xref = {Review of hajek_p-etal:1996a.},
  topic = {fuzzy-logic;algebraic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ montagna:2001a,
  author = {Franco Montagna},
  title = {Three Complexity Problems in Quantified Fuzzy Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {143--152},
  topic = {fuzzy-logic;arithmetic-hierarchy;}  
  } 

@book{ montagu:1984a,
  editor = {Ashley Montagu},
  title = {Science and Creationism},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {creationism;}  
 } 

@article{ montague-kalish:1959a,
  author = {Richard Montague and Donald Kalish},
  title = {\,`That'\, } ,
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1959},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {54--61},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {indirect-discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ montague:1960a,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {Logical Necessity, Physical Necessity, Ethics, and
  	Quantifiers},
  journal = {Inquiry},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {259--269},
  topic = {syntactic-attitudes;paradoxes;}  
 } 

@incollection{ montague:1962a,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {Deterministic Theories},
  booktitle = {Decisions, Values, and Groups},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  volume = {2},
  year = {1962},
  pages = {325--370},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Reprinted in {\it Formal Philosophy}, by Richard Montague,
  	Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1974, pp.~303--359.},
 title = {Theories Incomparable with Respect to Relative
 	Interpretability},
 journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
 year = {1962},
 volume = {27},
 pages = {153--167},
 contentnote = {Lemma 1 of this paper, p. 197, is the general
    formulation of the diagonalization lemma, for any
    syntactic predicate P there is a formula FP such
    that |- P(a) <--> FP, where a is the std name of FP.},
 topic = {diagonalization-arguments;relative-interpretability;}  
 } 

@article{ montague:1963a,
 author = {Richard Montague},
 title = {Syntactical Treatments of Modality, with Corollaries
 	on Reflection Principles and Finite Axiomatizability},
 journal = {Acta Philosophica Fennica},
 year = {1963},
 volume = {16},
 pages = {153--167},
 topic = {syntactic-attitudes;diagonalization-arguments;}  
 } 

@article{ montague-kaplan:1963a,
  author = {Richard Montague and David Kaplan},
  title = {A Paradox Regained},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {79--90},
  topic = {syntactic-attitudes;paradoxes;}  
 } 

@article{ montague:1965a,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {Interpretability in Terms of Models},
  journal = {Koninlkl. Nederl. Akademie van Wetenscappen},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {68, Series A},
  number = {3},
  pages = {467--476},
  topic = {model-theory;finite-axiomatizability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ montague:1965b,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {Reductions of Higher-Order Logic},
  booktitle = {The Theory of Models},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1965},
  editor = {J.W. Addison and Leon Henkin and Alfred Tarski},
  pages = {251--264},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ montague:1967a,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {Recursion Theory as a Branch of Model Theory},
  booktitle = {Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science {III}},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1967},
  editor = {B. van Rootselaar},
  pages = {63--86},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {recursion-theory;model-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ montague:1968a,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {Pragmatics},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Philosophy: A Survey.  {I}},
  publisher = {La Nuova Italia Editrice},
  year = {1968},
  editor = {R. Klibansky},
  pages = {102--122},
  address = {Florence},
  note = {Reprinted in {\it Formal Philosophy}, by Richard Montague,
  	Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1974, pp.~95--118.},
  title = {Open Letter to {D}ana {S}cott},
  year = {1968},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, UCLA, 1968.},
  contentnote = {This letter relates to Scott's ``Advice on Modal Logic''.},
  topic = {modal-logic;foundations-of-modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ montague:1969a,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {On the Nature of Certain Philosophical Entities},
  journal = {The Monist},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {53},
  pages = {159--194},
  xref = {Reprinted in {\it Formal Philosophy}, by Richard Montague,
  	Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1974, pp.~148--187.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;Montague-grammar;intensional-logic;
  	philosophical-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ montague:1969b,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {Reference Materials for a Talk},
  year = {1969},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, UCLA, 1969.},
  contentnote = {Evidently, this talk was related to montague:1969a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;montague-grammar;intensional-logic;
  	philosophical-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ montague:1969c,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {Universal Grammar: Reference Materials for a Talk},
  year = {1969},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, UCLA, 1969.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;montague-grammar;intensional-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ montague:1969d,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {Presupposing},
  journal = {The Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {98--110},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {presupposition;}  
 } 

@article{ montague:1970a1,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {Pragmatics and Intensional Logic},
  journal = {Synt\`hese},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {68--94},
  note = {Reprinted in {\it Formal Philosophy}, by Richard Montague,
  	Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1974, pp.~119--147.
	Also reprinted as montague:1970a2.},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;intensional-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ montague:1970a2,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {Pragmatics and Intensional Logic},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {142--168},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;intensional-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ montague:1970b,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {Universal Grammar},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {373--398},
  note = {Reprinted in {\it Formal Philosophy}, by Richard Montague,
  	Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1974, pp.~222--246.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;intensional-logic;Montague-grammar;}
  	} 

@incollection{ montague:1970c,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {English as a Formal Language},
  booktitle = {Linguaggi nella Societ\'a e nella Tecnica},
  publisher = {Edizioni di Communit\`a},
  year = {1970},
  editor = {Bruno Visentini et al.},
  pages = {189--224},
  address = {Milan},
  note = {Reprinted in {\it Formal Philosophy}, by Richard Montague,
  	Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1974, pp.~188--221.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;intensional-logic;Montague-grammar;
  	natural-language/formal-language;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ montague:1970d,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {The Analysis of Language},
  year = {1970},
  note = {Notes taken by Ken Kress on a course offered at UCLA, Winter Quarter, 1970.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ montague:1970e,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {Reference Materials for `Quantification in Ordinary {E}nglish'},
  year = {1970},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, UCLA, 1970.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;montague-grammar;intensional-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ montague:1970f,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {Philosophy 134 Notes},
  year = {1970},
  note = {Lecture notes compiled by Henry Hansmann.  This course
	appears to have covered the elements of formal set theory.},
  topic = {set-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ montague:1973a,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary
  	{E}nglish},
  editor = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  booktitle = {Approaches to Natural Language: Proceedings of the
  	1970 Stanford Workshop on Grammar and Semantics},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1973},
  pages = {221--242},
  address = {Dordrecht, Holland},
  note = {Reprinted in {\it Formal Philosophy}, by Richard Montague,
  	Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1974, pp.~247--270.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;intensional-logic;Montague-grammar;}
  	} 

@book{ montague:1974a,
  author = {Richard Montague},
  title = {Formal Philosophy: Selected Papers of {R}ichard {M}ontague},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1974},
  address = {New Haven, Connecticut},
  note = {Edited, with an introduction, by Richmond H. Thomason},
  xref = {Review: bowers-reichenbach_ukh:1979a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;montague-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ montanari_a:1970a,
  author = {Ugo Montanari},
  title = {Heuristically Guided Search and Chromosome Matching},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {227--245},
  topic = {search;computer-assisted-science;
  	computer-assisted-genetics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ montanari_a-etal:2000a,
  author = {Angelo Montanari and Alberto Policriti and Matteo
  	Slanina},
  title = {Supporting Automated Deduction in First-Order Modal
  	Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {547--556},
  topic = {modal-logic;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ montanari_u-rossi:1991a,
  author = {Ugo Montanari and Francesca Rossi},
  title = {Constraint Relaxation May Be Perfect},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {48},
  number = {2},
  pages = {143--170},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Networks of constraints are a simple knowledge representation
     method, useful for describing those problems whose solution is
     required to satisfy several simultaneous constraints.
      The problem of solving a network of constraints with finite
     domains is NP-complete. The standard solution technique for such
     networks of constraints is the backtrack search, but many
     relaxation algorithms, to be applied before backtracking, have
     been developed: they transform a network in an equivalent but
     more explicit one. The idea is to make the backtrack search have
     a better average time complexity. In fact, if the network
     elaborated by the backtrack algorithm is more explicit, the
     algorithm backtracks less.
      In this paper we describe relaxation algorithms as sequences of
     applications of relaxation rules. Moreover, we define perfect
     relaxation algorithms as relaxation algorithms which not only
     return a more explicit network, but also exactly solve the given
     network of constraints by applying every relaxation rule only
     once.  Finally, we characterize a family of classes of networks
     on which certain perfect relaxation algorithms are very
     efficient: the exact solution of each network in a class is
     found in linear time.},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;search;complexity-in-AI;
  	relaxation-methods;}  
  } 

@incollection{ monteiro-wainer:1996a,
  author = {Ana Maria Monteiro and Jacques Wainer},
  title = {Preferential Multi-Agent Nonmonotonic Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {446--452},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;model-preference;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ montemagni-pirelli:1998a,
  author = {Simonetta Montemagni and Vito Pirelli},
  title = {Augmenting {W}ord{N}et-like Lexical Resources with
  	Distributional Evidence.  An Application-Oriented
	Perspective},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {87--93},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;lexical-disambiguation;}  
  } 

@article{ montgomery_ca:1972a,
  author = {Christine A. Montgomery},
  title = {Linguistics and Information Science},
  journal = {Journal of the {A}merican {S}ociety for {I}nformation
		{S}cience},
  year = {1972},
  pages = {195--219},
  month = {May--June},
  missinginfo = {volume, number},
  topic = {applications-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ montgomery_h:1989a,
  author = {H. Montgomery},
  title = {From Cognition to Action: The Search for Dominance in
  	Decision Making},
  booktitle = {Process and Structure in Decision Making},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {H. Montgomery and O. Svenson},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages.},
  topic = {dominance;decision-making;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ monti-cooper:1995a,
  author = {Stefano Monti and Gregory Cooper},
  title = {Bounded Recursive Decomposition: A Search-Based Method for
  	Belief Network Inference Under Limited Resources},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Intelligent Systems Program,
  	University of Pittsburgh.},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@incollection{ monz:1999a,
  author = {Christof Monz},
  title = {Contextual Inference in Computational Semantics},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {242--255},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;computational-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ monz:1999b,
  author = {Christof Monz},
  title = {Review of {\em {A}utomatic Ambiguity Resolution in
  	Natural Language}, by {A}lexander {F}ranz},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {111--114},
  xref = {Review of franz:1996a.},
  topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ monz:1999c,
  author = {Christof Monz},
  title = {Modeling Ambiguity in a Multi-Agent System},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {43--48},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {ambiguity;discourse;multiagent-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ moody_ea:1947a,
  author = {Ernest A. Moody},
  title = {Ockham, {B}uridan, and {N}icholas of {A}utrecourt: The {P}arisian
		Statutes of 1339 and 1340},
  journal = {Franciscan Studies},
  year = {1947},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {113--146},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {scholastic-philosophy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mooij:1993a,
  author = {J.J.A. Mooij},
  title = {Metaphor and Truth: A Liberal Approach},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {III}, Metaphor and
  	Knowledge},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {F.R. Ankersmit and J.J.A. Mooij},
  pages = {67--80},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ mooney_d-swift_d:1999a,
  author = {Douglas Mooney},
  title = {A Course in Mathematical Modeling},
  publisher = {The Mathematical Association of America},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  ISBN = {0-88385-712-X},
  topic = {mathematical-modeling;}  
 } 

@techreport{ mooney_dj-etal:1990a,
  author = {David J. Mooney and Sandra M. Carberry and Kathleen F. McCoy},
  title = {The Identification of a Unifying Framework for the
  	Organization of Extended, Interactive Explanations},
  institution = {Computer Science Dept., University of Delaware},
  year = {1990},
  number = {90--1},
  topic = {explanation;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ mooney_dj-etal:1990b,
  author = {David J. Mooney and Sandra M. Carberry and Kathleen F. McCoy},
  title = {The Basic Block Model of Extended Explanations},
  booktitle = {Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language
  	Generation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {112--119},
  topic = {explanation;}  
} 

@incollection{ mooney_rj:1996a,
  author = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  title = {Comparative Experiments on Disambiguating
	Word Senses: An Illustration of the Role of Bias in Machine
			Learning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {82--91},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-learning;disambiguation;}  
  } 

@book{ moore_ge:1912a,
  author = {George E. Moore},
  title = {Ethics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1912},
  topic = {ethics;}  
    } 

@article{ moore_gh:1978a,
  author = {Gregory H. Moore},
  title = {The Origins of {Z}ermelo's Axiomatization of Set Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {307--329},
  topic = {history-of-set-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ moore_j:1999a,
  author = {Joseph Moore},
  title = {Propositions without Identity},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1--29},
  topic = {propositions;vagueness;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ moore_jc:1999a,
  author = {J. Strother Moore},
  title = {Towards a Mechanically Checked Theory of Computation:
  		A Preliminary Report},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {theorem-proving;program-verification;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ moore_jd:1989a,
  author = {Johanna D. Moore},
  title = {A Reactive Approach to Explanation in Expert and
        Advice-Giving Systems},
  school = {University of California at Los Angeles},
  year = {1989},
  topic = {nl-generation;explanation;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ moore_jd-swartout:1989a,
  author = {Johanna D. Moore and William R. Swartout},
  title = {A Reactive Approach to Explanation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {1504--1510},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {explanation;discourse;planning;nl-generation;pragmatics;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ moore_jd-swartout:1990a,
  author = {Johanna D. Moore and William R. Swartout},
  title = {Pointing: A Way Toward Explanation Dialogue},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  pages = {457--464},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {explanation;nl-generation;}  
} 

@article{ moore_jd-paris:1991a,
  author = {Johanna D. Moore and C\'{e}cile L. Paris},
  title = {Requirements for an Expert  System Explanation Facility},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {367--370},
  topic = {explanation;nl-generation;}  
} 

@article{ moore_jd-paris:1992a,
  author = {Johanna D. Moore and C\'{e}cile L. Paris},
  title = {Exploiting User Feedback to Compensate for the
  	Unreliability of User Models},
  journal = {User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {331--365},
  topic = {user-modeling-in-generation;}  
} 

@article{ moore_jd-pollack_me:1992a,
  author = {Johanna D. Moore and Martha E. Pollack},
  title = {A Problem for {RST}: The Need for Multi-Level Discourse
  	Analysis},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {537--544},
  topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ moore_jd-paris:1993a,
  author = {Johanna D. Moore and C\'{e}cile L. Paris},
  title = {Planning Text for Advisory Dialogues: Capturing Intentional and
  	Rhetorical Information},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {19},
  number = {4},
  pages = {651--695},
  topic = {discourse-planning;nl-generation;pragmatics;}  
} 

@book{ moore_jd:1995a,
  author = {Johanna D. Moore},
  title = {Participating in Explanatory Dialogues},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  topic = {explanation;discourse;discourse-planning;nl-generation;
  	pragmatics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ moore_jd-moser_m:1995a,
  author = {Johanna D. Moore and Megan Moser},
  title = {Discourse Cues in Tutorial Dialogues},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Transparencies for Talk.},
  topic = {discourse;nl-generation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ moore_jd-walker_ma:1995a,
  editor = {Johanna D. Moore and Marilyn A. Walker},
  title = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Empirical Methods in Discourse Interpretation and 
	Generation},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;nl-generation;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ moore_jd:1996a,
  author = {Johanna Moore},
  title = {The Role of Plans in Discourse Generation},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Learning Research and Development
  	Center.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ moore_jr:1979a,
  author = {James R. Moore},
  title = {The Post-{D}arwinian Controversies: A Study of the
  	{P}rotestant Struggle to Come to Terms with {D}arwin in
		{G}reat {B}ritain and {A}merica},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Cambridge},
  missinginfo = {publisher},
  topic = {fundamentalism;}  
 } 

@incollection{ moore_js:2000a,
  author = {J. Strother Moore},
  title = {Towards a Mechanically Checked Theory
      		of Computation},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {547--574},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;theorem-proving;program-verification;}  
  } 

@techreport{ moore_rc:1980a,
  author = {Robert C. Moore},
  title = {Reasoning about Knowledge and Action},
  institution = {{SRI} International},
  number = {Technical Note 191},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;action;epistemic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ moore_rc-hendrix:1982a,
  author = {Robert C. Moore and Gary C. Hendrix},
  title = {Computational Models of Belief and the Semantics of
  	Belief Sentences},
  booktitle = {Processes, Beliefs, and Questions},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {Stanley Peters and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {107--127},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;propositional-attitudes;nl-semantics-and-cognition;
  	hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ moore_rc:1984a1,
  author = {Robert Moore},
  title = {Possible Worlds Semantics for Autoepistemic Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1984 Non-Monotonic Reasoning
    	         Workshop},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {344--354},
  xref = {Republication: moore_rc:1984a2.},
  topic = {autoepistemic-logic;}  
    } 

@incollection{ moore_rc:1984a2,
  author = {Robert C. Moore},
  title = {Possible Worlds Semantics for Autoepistemic Logic},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {137--142},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: moore_rc:1984a1.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ moore_rc:1985a1,
  author = {Robert C. Moore},
  title = {Semantical Considerations on Nonmonotonic Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--94},
  xref = {Republication: moore_rc:1985a2.},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ moore_rc:1985a2,
  author = {Robert C. Moore},
  title = {Semantical Considerations on Nonmonotonic Logic},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {127--136},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republished in James F. Allen and James Hendler and Austin
  	Tate; Readings in Planning; 1988.  See moore:1988a2.},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ moore_rc:1985a3,
  author = {Robert C. Moore},
  title = {A Formal Theory of Knowledge and Action},
  booktitle = {Formal Theories of the Commonsense World},
  editor = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Robert C. Moore},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {319--358},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  xref = {Journal Publication: moore_rc:1985a2.},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;action;epistemic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ moore_rc:1986a1,
  author = {Robert C. Moore},
  title = {Reasoning about Knowledge and Action},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  pages = {223--227},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication: moore_rc:1986a2.},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;action;epistemic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ moore_rc:1986a2,
  author = {Robert C. Moore},
  title = {Reasoning about Knowledge and Action},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {473--477},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: moore_rc:1986a2.},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;action;epistemic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ moore_rc:1987a,
  author = {Robert C. Moore},
  title = {A Critique Critiqued},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {198--201},
  xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ moore_rc:1988a2,
  author = {Robert C. Moore},
  title = {A Formal Theory of Knowledge and Action},
  booktitle = {Readings in Planning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {James F. Allen and James Hendler and Austin Tate},
  pages = {480--519},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Originally published in Jerry R. Hobbs and Robert C. Moore;
  Formal Theories of the Commonsense World; 1988.  See
  moore:1988a1.},
  topic = {kr;epistemic-logic;foundations-of-planning;action;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ moore_rc:1988b,
  author = {Robert C. Moore},
  title = {Is it Rational to be Logical?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {363},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ moore_rc:1989a,
  author = {Robert C. Moore},
  title = {Unification-Based Semantic Interpretation},
  year = {1989},
  month = {January},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {unification;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ moore_rc-etal:1989a,
  author = {Robert C. Moore and Fernando Pereira and Hy Murveit},
  title = {Integrating Speech and Natural Language Processing},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, {SRI} International.},
  topic = {computational-linguistics;speech-processing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ moore_rc:1993a,
  author = {Robert Moore},
  title = {Events, Situations, and Adverbs},
  booktitle = {Challenges in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Madeleine Bates and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {135--145},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-semantics;events;}  
  } 

@article{ moore_rc:1993b,
  author = {Robert C. Moore},
  title = {Autoepistemic Logic Revisited},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {27--30},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ moore_rc:1995a,
  author = {Robert C. Moore},
  title = {Logic and Representation},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {kr;logic-in-AI;autoepistemic-logic;action;kr-course;}  
 } 

@book{ moore_s-wyner:1991a,
  editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner},
  title = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory {I}},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ moore_t:1985a,
  author = {Terence Moore},
  title = {Reasoning and Inference in Logic and Language},
  booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle},
  pages = {51--66},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {pragmatics;pragmatic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ moorhouse-mckee:1997a,
  author = {Jane Moorhouse and Gerald McKee},
  title = {Modelling Evaluative Judgements},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {71--79},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;preferences;practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ moortgat:1988a,
  author = {Michael Moortgat},
  title = {Categorial Investigations. Logical and Linguistic
   Aspects of the {L}ambek Calculus},
  publisher = {Foris},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;lambek-calculus;}  
 } 

@article{ moortgat:1996a,
  author = {Michael Moortgat},
  title = {Multimodal Linguistic Inference},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {349--385},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;Lambek-calculus;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ moortgat:1996b,
  author = {Michael Moortgat},
  title = {Categorial Type Logics},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  pages = {93--177},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ moot-piazza:2000a,
  author = {Richard Moot and Mario Piazza},
  title = {Linguistic Applications of First Order Intuitionistic
  	Linear Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {211--232},
  topic = {linear-logic;intuitionistic-logic;nl-quantifier-scope;}  
  } 

@article{ moot-puite:2002a,
  author = {Richard Moot and Quintijn Puite},
  title = {Proof Nets for the Multimodal {L}ambek Calculus},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {71},
  number = {3},
  pages = {415--442},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;proof-theory;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ moran:1978a,
  author = {Douglas E. Moran},
  title = {Conventional Implicature in Dynamic Semantics},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan.},
  topic = {dynamic-semantics;conventional-implicature;}  
  } 

@incollection{ moravcick_e:1973a,
  author = {Julius Moravcick},
  title = {Mass Terms in {E}nglish},
  booktitle = {Approaches to Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  pages = {263--285},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {n;-semantics;mass-term-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ moravcsik:1965a,
  author = {Julius Moravcsik},
  title = {Strawson and Ontological Priority},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1965},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {106--119},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Commentary on: strawson_pf:1959a.},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@book{ moravcsik_e:1977a,
  author = {Edith Moravcsik},
  title = {Necesssary and Possible Universals about Temporal
		Constituent-Relations in Language},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {nl-tense;}  
 } 

@incollection{ moravec:1991a,
  author = {H.P. Moravec},
  title = {Caution!  Robot Vehicle!},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {331--343},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {robotics;robot-motion;robot-navigation;}  
  } 

@book{ moravec:1999a,
  author = {Hans Moravec},
  title = {Robot: Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-19-511630-5},
  xref = {Review: bennett_bh:1999a.},
  topic = {robotics;AI-survey;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ morawietz-cornell:1997a,
  author = {Frank Morawietz and Tom Cornell},
  title = {Representing Constraints with Automata},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {468--475},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {constraint-based-grammar;finite-tree-automata;}  
 } 

@article{ morenosandoval-menoyo:2002a,
  author = {Antonio Moreno-Sandoval and Jos\'e Miguel Go\~ni-Menoyo},
  title = {Spanish Inflectional Morphology in {DATR}},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {79--105},
  topic = {Spanish-language;morphology;DATR;} 
  } 

@article{ morgan_cg:1970a,
  author = {Charles G. Morgan},
  title = {Hypothesis Generation by Machine},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {179--187},
  topic = {hypothesis-generation;abduction;}  
  } 

@article{ morgan_cg:1971a,
  author = {Charles G. Morgan},
  title = {Hypothesis Generation by Machine},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {179--187},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@article{ morgan_cg-pelletier:1977a,
  author = {Charles Morgan and Francis Jeffry Pelletier},
  title = {Some Notes Concerning Fuzzy Logics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {79--98},
  topic = {fuzzy-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ morgan_cg:1982a,
  author = {Charles G. Morgan},
  title = {There is a Probabilistic Semantics for Every Extension of
		Classical Sentence Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {431--442},
  topic = {probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ morgan_cg:1982b,
  author = {Charles G. Morgan},
  title = {Simple Probabilistic Semantics for Propositional {K}, {T},
		{B}, {S4}, and {S5}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {443--458},
  topic = {probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ morgan_cg-mares:1995a,
  author = {Charles G. Morgan and Edwin D. Mares},
  title = {Conditionals, Probability, and Non-Triviality},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {5},
  pages = {455--467},
  topic = {CCCP;}  
  } 

@incollection{ morgan_jl:1975a,
  author = {Jerry L. Morgan},
  title = {Some Interactions of Syntax and Pragmatics},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {289--303},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ morgan_jl:1978a,
  author = {Jerry L. Morgan},
  title = {Two Types of Convention in Indirect Speech Acts},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {261--280},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {indirect-speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ morgan_jl-green_gm:1987a,
  author = {Jerry L. Morgan and Georgia M. Green},
  title = {On the Search for Relevance},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {725--726},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {implicature;relevance;}  
  } 

@book{ morgan_mg-henrion:1992a,
  editor = {M. Granger Morgan and Max Henrion},
  title = {Uncertainty: A Guide to Dealing with Uncertainty
  	in Quantitative Risk and Policy Analysis},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521427444},
  topic = {decision-analysis;decision-making-under-uncertainty;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ morgenstern:1986a,
  author = {Leora Morgenstern},
  title = {A First Order Theory of Planning, Knowledge, and Action},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {99--114},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {kr;epistemic-logic;foundations-of-planning;action;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ morgenstern-stein:1988a,
  author = {Leora Morgenstern and Lynn Stein},
  title = {Why Things Go Wrong: a Formal Theory of Causal Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National
  		Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  year = {1988},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {causality;frame-problem;Yale-shooting-problem;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@article{ morgenstern:1990a,
  author = {Leora Morgenstern},
  title = {Knowledge and the Frame Problem},
  journal = {International Journal of Expert Systems},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {309--343},
  xref = {"Knowledge and the Frame Problem", in Ford and Hayes, eds.:
  	Reasoning Agents in a Dynamic World: The Frame Problem, 1991.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;reasoning-about-knowledge;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ morgenstern:1990b,
  author = {Leora Morgenstern},
  title = {A Theory of Multiple Agent Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  pages = {538--544},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ morgenstern-stein:1994a,
  author = {Leora Morgenstern and Lynn Stein},
  title = {Motivated Action Theory: a Formal Theory of Causal
  	Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {71},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--42},
  topic = {causality;frame-problem;Yale-shooting-problem;
  	action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ morgenstern:1996a,
  author = {Leora Morgenstern},
  title = {Inheriting Well-formed Formulae in a Formula-Augmented
  	Semantic Network},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {268--279},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ morgenstern:1996b,
  author = {Leora Morgenstern},
  title = {The Problem with Solutions to the Frame Problem},
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem
             in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn},
  pages = {99--133},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {frame-problem;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ morgenstern:1997a,
  author = {Leora Morgenstern},
  title = {Inheritance Comes of Age: Applying Nonmonotonic
             Techniques to Problems in Industry},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Martha Pollack},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ morgenstern-singh:1997a,
  author = {Leora Morgenstern and Moninder Singh},
  title = {An Expert System Using Nonmonotonic Techniques
             for Benefits Inquiry in the Insurance Industry},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Martha Pollack},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;
  	rules-and-regulations;}  
  } 

@article{ morgenstern:1998a,
  author = {Leora Morgenstern},
  title = {Inheritance Comes of Age: Applying Nonmonotonic
  	Techniques to Problems in Industry},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {237--271},
  topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ morgenstern:1998b,
  author = {Leora Morgenstern},
  title = {Hypothetical Reasoning, Prediction, and Planning in a
  	Relativized-Branching-Time Ontology},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  year = {1998},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  pages = {53},
  note = {Abstract.},
  topic = {causality;planning-formalisms;
	branching-time;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ morgenstern-thomason_rh:2000a,
  author = {Leora Morgenstern and Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Teaching Knowledge Representation: Challenges and
  	Proposals},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {725--733},
  topic = {kr;university-instruction;}  
  } 

@article{ morgenstern:2001a,
  author = {Leora Morgenstern},
  title = {Mid-Sized Axiomatizations of Common-Sense Problems:
  	A Case Study in Egg-Cracking},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {333--384},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;kr;macro-formalization;}  
  } 

@incollection{ morik:1989a,
  author = {Katherine Morik},
  title = {User Models and Conversational
	Settings: Modelling the User's Wants},
  booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {364--385},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {user-modeling;}  
 } 

@incollection{ morik:1998a,
  author = {Katherine Morik},
  title = {How to Tailor Representations to Different Requirements
		(Abstract)},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {650},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;applied-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ morishima:1999a,
  author = {Yasunori Morishima},
  title = {Effects of Discourse Context on
			Inference Computation during Comprehension},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {491--494},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ mormonn:1992a,
  author = {Thomas Mormonn},
  title = {Structural Accessibility and Similarity of Possible
		Worlds},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {149--172},
  topic = {foundations-of-modality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ morreau:1990a,
  author = {Michael Morreau},
  title = {Epistemic Semantics for Counterfactuals},
  booktitle = {Conditionals, Defaults, and Belief Revision},
  publisher = {Institut f\"ur maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung,
  		Universit\"at Stuttgart},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Dyana Deliverable R2.5.A.},
  editor = {Hans Kamp},
  pages = {1--27},
  address = {Stuttgart},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ morreau:1992a,
  author = {Michael Morreau},
  title = {Planning from First Principles},
  booktitle = {Belief Revision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  pages = {204--219},
  address = {Cambridge},
  topic = {belief-revision;action-formalisms;ability;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ morreau:1992b,
  author = {Michael Morreau},
  title = {Epistemic Semantics for Counterfactuals},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--62},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;Ramsey-test;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ morreau:1992c,
  author = {Michael Morreau},
  title = {Conditionals in Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence},
  school = {Philosophy Department, University of Amsterdam},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  year = {1992},
  topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
    } 

@inproceedings{ morreau:1995a,
  author = {Michael Morreau},
  title = {Allowed Arguments},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1466--1472},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ morreau:1996a,
  author = {Michael Morreau},
  title = {{\it Prima Facie} and Seeming Duties},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {57},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--71},
  topic = {deontic-logic;prima-facie-obligation;}  
  } 

@article{ morreau:1997a,
  author = {Michael Morreau},
  title = {Fainthearted Conditionals},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {4},
  pages = {187--211},
  contentnote = {The term refers to conditionals
  	that don't support modus ponens.},
  topic = {conditionals;deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ morreau:1997b,
  author = {Michael Morreau},
  title = {Reasons to Think and Act},
  booktitle = {Defeasible Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Donald Nute},
  pages = {139--158},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {practical-reason;}  
  } 

@article{ morreau:1998a,
  author = {Michael Morreau},
  title = {Review of {\it {F}or the Sake of Argument}, by {I}saac
  	{L}evi},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {95},
  number = {10},
  pages = {540--546},
  xref = {Review of levi_i:1996a.},
  topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-reasoning;induction;
  	belief-kinematics;probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@article{ morreau-kraus:1998a,
  author = {Michael Morreau and Sarit Kraus},
  title = {Syntactical Treatments of Propositional Attitudes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {339--355},
  topic = {syntactic-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ morreau-kraus:1998b,
  author = {Michael Morreau and Sarit Kraus},
  title = {Syntactical Treatments of Propositional Attitudes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {106},
  number = {1},
  pages = {161--177},
  topic = {syntactic-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ morreau:1999a,
  author = {Michael Morreau},
  title = {Other Things Being Equal},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1999},
  missinginfo = {volume,number,pages.  Year is a guess.
  	Forthcoming.},
  topic = {ramification-problem;}  
  } 

@article{ morreau:1999b,
  author = {Michael Morreau},
  title = {Supervaluations Can Leave Truth-Value Gaps
  	after All},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {3},
  pages = {148--156},
  topic = {supervaluations;truth-value-gaps;vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ morreau:2002a,
  author = {Michael Morreau},
  title = {What Vague Objects Are Like},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {99},
  number = {7},
  pages = {333--361},
  topic = {vagueness;mereology;} 
  } 

@book{ morril:1994a,
  author = {Glyn V. Morril},
  title = {Type Logical Grammar: Categorial Logic of Signs},
  publisher = {Dordrecht ; Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers,},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792330951},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;type-theory;}  
 } 

@techreport{ morrill:1989a,
  author = {Glyn Morrill},
  title = {Intensionality, Boundedness, and Modal Logic},
  institution = {Centre for Cognitive Science, University of
  	Edinburgh},
  number = {EUCCS/RP--32},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;Lambek-calculus;intensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ morrill:1990a,
  author = {Glynn Morrill},
  title = {Intensionality and Boundedness},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  pages = {699--726},
  topic = {intensionality;categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ morrill-carpenter:1990a,
  author = {Glyn Morrill and Bob Carpenter},
  title = {Compositionality, Implicational Logics, and Theories
  	of Grammar},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {383--392},
  topic = {compositionality;argument-structure;combinatory-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ morrill:1994a,
  author = {Glyn V. Morrill},
  title = {Type Logical Grammar: Categorial Logic of Signs},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792330951},
  topic = {type-theory;grammar-formalisms;categorial-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ morrill:1995a,
  author = {Glyn Morrill},
  title = {Discontinuity in Categorial Grammar},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {175--219},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;discontinuous-constituents;}  
  } 

@article{ morrill:2000a,
  author = {Glyn Morrill},
  title = {Incremental Processing and Acceptability},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {319--338},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;parsing-algorithms;parsing-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ morris_cw:1937a,
  author = {Charles W. Morris},
  title = {Logical Positivism, Pragmatism and Scientific Empiricism},
  publisher = {Hermann \& cie},
  year = {1937},
  address = {Paris},
  ISBN = {9027232873},
  topic = {logical-positivism;}  
 } 

@book{ morris_cw:1946a,
  author = {Charles W. Morris},
  title = {Signs, Language and Behavior},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1946},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ morris_cw:1964a,
  author = {Charles W. Morris},
  title = {Signification and Significance: A Study of the Relations of
    Signs and Values},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1964},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;
  	philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ morris_cw:1971a,
  author = {Charles W. Morris},
  title = {Writings on the General Theory of Signs},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1971},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ morris_cw:1971b,
  author = {Charles W. Morris},
  title = {Foundations of the Theory of Signs},
  booktitle = {Writings on the General Theory of Signs},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Charles W. Morris},
  pages = {17--74},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ morris_cw:1993a,
  author = {Charles W. Morris},
  title = {Symbolism and Reality: A Study in the Nature of Mind},
  publisher = {J. Benjamins Pub. Co.},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {9027232873 (paper},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ morris_hm:1974a,
  author = {Henry M. Morris},
  title = {Many Infallible Proofs: Practical and Useful
  	Evidences of {C}hristianity},
  year = {1974},
  address = {San Diego},
  missinginfo = {publisher},
  topic = {fundamentalism;}  
 } 

@article{ morris_ph:1988a,
  author = {Paul H. Morris},
  title = {The Anomalous Extension Problem in Default Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {3},
  pages = {383--399},
  topic = {kr;yale-shooting-problem;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ morris_ra-morris_p:2000a,
  author = {Robert A. Morris and Paul Morris},
  title = {On the Complexity of Reasoning about Repeating Events},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {580--568},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;complexity-in-AI;events;}  
  } 

@incollection{ morris_s:1994a,
  author = {Stephen Morris},
  title = {Revising Knowledge: A Hierarchical Approach},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {160--174},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {foundations-of-utility-theory;qualitative-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ morris_s:1996a,
  author = {Stephen Morris},
  title = {Paradoxes of Common Knowledge Revisited: A Perspective
  	from Game Theory and Economics (Abstract)},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {299--300},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {mutual-belief;rational-action;}  
  } 

@article{ morris_s-shin:1997a,
  author = {Stephen Morris and Hyun Song Shin},
  title = {Approximate Common Knowledge and Co-ordination: Recent
  	Lessons from Game Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {171--190},
  topic = {mutual-belief;agreement;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ morris_s:1998a,
  author = {Stephen Morris},
  title = {Interaction Games: A Unified Analysis of Incomplete
		Information and Local Interaction},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {273--277},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;game-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ morscher:1974a,
  author = {Edgar Morscher},
  title = {Ontology as a Normative Science},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {285--289},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@article{ mortensen_c-nehrlich:1978a,
  author = {Chris Mortensen and Graham Nehrlich},
  title = {Physical Topology},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {209--223},
  topic = {spatial-representation;}  
  } 

@book{ mortensen_c:1995a,
  author = {Chris Mortensen},
  title = {Inconsistent Mathematics},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {relevance-logic;paraconsistent-mathematics;
  	formalizations-of-arithmetic;}  
 } 

@article{ mortensen_c:1997a,
  author = {Chris Mortensen},
  title = {The {L}eibniz Continuity Condition, Inconsistency,
  	and Quantum Dynamics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {4},
  pages = {377--389},
  topic = {formalizations-of-physics;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;}  
  } 

@book{ mortensen_cd:1996a,
  author = {C. David Mortensen},
  title = {Miscommunication},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {discourse;miscommunication;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ morton:1995a,
  author = {Adam Morton},
  title = {Game Theory and Knowledge by Simulation},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {235--246},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {game-theory;mental-simulation;
  	propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@article{ morton_a:1993a,
  author = {Adam Morton},
  title = {Review of {\it Laws and Symmetry}, by
  	{B}as {C}. {van Fraassen}},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {102},
  number = {3},
  pages = {408--410},
  xref = {Review of vanfraassen:1989a.},
  topic = {natural-laws;philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@techreport{ moschovakis:1986a,
  author = {Yiannis N. Moschovakis},
  title = {Foundations of the Theory of Algorithms {I}},
  institution = {Mathematics Department, UCLA},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Los Angeles, California 90024},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {abstract-recursion-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ moschovakis:1988a,
  author = {Yiannis N. Moschovakis},
  title = {A Game-Theoretic Modelling of Concurrency},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Mathematics Department, University of
		California at Los Angeles},
  topic = {concurrency;game-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ moschovakis:1992a,
  editor = {Yiannis N. Moschovakis},
  title = {Logic From Computer Science: Proceedings of A Workshop
  	Held {N}ovember 13--17, 1989},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0387976671 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {logic-and-computer-science;}  
 } 

@article{ moser:1990a,
  author = {Paul K. Moser},
  title = {A Dilemma for Sentential Dualism},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  pages = {687--698},
  topic = {propositioal-attitudes;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ moser_le:1989a,
  author = {Louise E. Moser},
  title = {A Nonmonotonic Logic of Belief},
  journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {507--524},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
} 

@unpublished{ moser_m-moore_jd:1995a,
  author = {Megan Moser and Johanna Moore},
  title = {Toward a Synthesis of Two Accounts of Discourse Structure},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished MS, LRDC, University of Pittsburgh.  Forthcoming,
  	Computational Linguistics.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ moser_m-moore_jd:1996a,
  author = {Megan Moser and Johanna D. Moore},
  title = {Toward a Synthesis of Two Accounts of Discourse Structure},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {409--419},
  topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
} 

@article{ moses_m-forrest:2001a,
  author = {Melanie Moses and Stephanie Forrest},
  title = {Review of {\it The Computational Beauty of Nature} by
  	{G}ary {W}illiam {F}lake},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {128},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {239--242},
  xref = {Review of: flake:1998a.},
  topic = {fractals;chaos-theory;computational-aesthetics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ moses_y-etal:1985a,
  author = {Yoram Moses},
  title = {Cheating Husbands and Other Stories: A Case Study of 
  	Knowledge Communication, and Action},
  institution = {{IBM} Research Laboratory, San Jose},
  number = {RJ 4756},
  year = {1985},
  address = {San Jose, California},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;communication-protocols;} 
  } 

@article{ moses_y-etal:1986a,
  author = {Yoram Moses and D. Dolev and J. Halpern},
  title = {Cheating Husbands and Other Stories:  A Case Study of
  	Knowledge, Action, and Communication},
  journal = {Distributed Computing},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {167--176},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ moses_y:1988a,
  author = {Yoram Moses},
  title = {Resource-Bounded Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical Aspects of
    Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {261--276},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;resource-limited-reasoning;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ moses_y-tuttle:1988a,
  author = {Yoram Moses and M.R. Tuttle},
  title = {Programming Simultaneous Actions Using Common Knowledge},
  journal = {Algorithmica},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {121--169},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {mutual-belief;knowledge-based-programming;synchronization;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ moses_y-roth:1989a,
  author = {Yoram Moses and G. Roth},
  title = {On Reliable Message Diffusion},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth {ACM} Symposium on
  	Principles of Distributed Computing},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {119--128},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, A's 1st name},
  topic = {communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ moses_y-nachum:1990a,
  author = {Yoram Moses and G. Nachum},
  title = {Agreeing to Disagree After All},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {151--168},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {agreeing-to-disagree;mutual-agreement;}  
  } 

@incollection{ moses_y:1992a,
  author = {Yoram Moses},
  title = {Knowledge and Communication},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {1--14},
  address = {San Francisco},
  contentnote = {A useful survey paper.},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@book{ moses_y:1992b,
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  title = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  year = {1992},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ moses_y-kislev:1993a,
  author = {Yoram Moses and O. Kislev},
  title = {Knowledge-Oriented Programming},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {ACM} Symposium on
  	Principles of Distributed Computing},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {261--270},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, A's 1st name},
  topic = {knowledge-based-programming;agent-oriented-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ moses_y-shoham_y1:1993a,
  author = {Yoram Moses and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Belief as Defeasible Knowledge},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {64},
  number = {2},
  pages = {299--321},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We investigate the relation between the notions of knowledge and
     belief.  Contrary to the well-known slogan about knowledge being
     "justified, true belief", we propose that belief be viewed as
     defeasible knowledge. We offer several related definitions of
     belief as knowledge-relative-to-assumptions, and provide
     complete axiomatic systems for the resulting notions of belief.
     We also show a close tie between our definitions and the
     literature on nonmonotonic reasoning. Our definitions of belief
     have several advantages.  First, they are short. Second, we do
     not need to add anything to the logic of knowledge: the "right"
     properties of belief fall out of our definitions and the
     properties of knowledge.  Third, the connection between
     knowledge and belief is derived from one fundamental principle.
     Finally, a major attraction of logics of knowledge in computer
     science has been the concrete grounding of the mental notion in
     objective phenomena; by reducing belief to knowledge we obtain
     this grounding for a notion of belief.
  } ,
  topic = {belief;knowledge;epistemic-logic;defeasible-knowledge;
  	nonmonotonic-reasoning;philosophy-of-belief;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ moses_y-bloom:1994a,
  author = {Yoram Moses and B. Bloom},
  title = {Knowledge, Timed Precedence and Clocks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth {ACM} Symposium on
  	Principles of Distributed Computing},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {167--176},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, A's 1st name},
  topic = {distributed-systems;epistemic-logic;synchronization;}  
  } 

@article{ moses_y-tennenholtz:1996a,
  author = {Yoram Moses and Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {Off-Line Reasoning for On-Line Efficiency: Knowledge
  	Bases},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {83},
  number = {2},
  pages = {229--239},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The complexity of reasoning is a fundamental issue in AI.  In
     many cases, the fact that an intelligent system needs to perform
     reasoning on-line contributes to the difficulty of this
     reasoning.  This paper considers the case in which an
     intelligent system computes whether a query is entailed by the
     system's knowledge base.  It investigates how an initial phase of
     off-line preprocessing and design can improve the on-line
     complexity considerably.  The notion of an efficient basis for a
     query language is presented, and it is shown that off-line
     preprocessing can be very effective for query languages that
     have an efficient basis.  The usefulness of this notion is
     illustrated by showing that a fairly expressive language has an
     efficient basis.  A dual notion of an efficient disjunctive
     basis for a knowledge base is introduced, and it is shown that
     off-line preprocessing is worthwhile for knowledge bases that
     have an efficient disjunctive basis.  } ,
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ moshier-pollard:1994a,
  author = {M. Andrew Moshier and Carl J. Pollard},
  title = {The Domain of Set-Valued Feature Structures},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {6},
  pages = {607--631},
  topic = {feature-structure-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ moshier:1995a,
  author = {M. Andrew Moshier},
  title = {A Rational Reconstruction of the Domain of Feature
  	Structures},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {111--143},
  topic = {feature-structures;}  
  } 

@article{ moshier:1997a,
  author = {M. Andrew Moshier},
  title = {Is {HPSG} Featureless or Unprincipled?},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {6},
  pages = {669--695},
  topic = {HPSG;}  
  } 

@incollection{ moshier:1998a,
  author = {M. Andrew Moshier},
  title = {{HPSG} as a Type Theory},
  booktitle = {Computing Natural Language},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl},
  pages = {119--139},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {HPSG;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ moss_ls:1990a,
  author = {Laurence S. Moss},
  title = {Completeness Theorems for Logics of Feature Structures},
  institution = {T.J. Watson research Center, {IBM}},
  number = {RC 15737 (\#69809)},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Yorktown Heights, NY},
  topic = {feature-structures;feature-structure-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ moss_ls-parikh_r:1992a,
  author = {Lawrence S. Moss and Rohit Parikh},
  title = {Topological Reasoning and the Logic of Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {95--105},
  address = {San Francisco},
  contentnote = {This is the paper that introduces subset spaces.},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;applied-logic;subset-spaces;}  
  } 

@article{ moss_ls-johnson:1995a,
  author = {Lawrence S. Moss and David E. Johnson},
  title = {Dynamic Interpretations of Constraint-Based Logic
  	Formalisms},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {62--79},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;foundations-of-syntax;constraint-based-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ moss_ls-johnson:1995b,
  author = {Lawrence S. Moss and David E. Johnson},
  title = {Evolving Algebras and Mathematical Models of Language},
  booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why?  Logical Approaches to
       Natural Language},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {161--194},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {semantics-of-programming-languages;evolving-algebras;
  	grammar-formalisms;}  
  } 

@article{ moss_ls:2000a,
  author = {Lawrence S. Moss},
  title = {Review of {\em Exploring Logical Dynamics},
		by {J}ohan van {B}enthem},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {261--263},
  xref = {Review of: vanbenthem:1996b.},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ mosses:1987a,
  author = {Peter D. Mosses},
  title = {Modularity in Action Semantics},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department,
		Aaarhus University},
  topic = {semantics-of-programming-languages;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ mosterman-biswas:2000a,
  author = {Pieter J. Mosterman and Gautam Biswas},
  title = {A Comprehensive Methodology for Building Hybrid
  	Models of Physical Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {121},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {171--209},
  topic = {dynamic-systems;reasoning-about-continuous-quantities;
  	reasoning-about-physical-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ mostow:1989a,
  author = {Jack Mostow},
  title = {Design by Derivational Analogy: Issues in the Automated
  	Replay of Design Plans},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {40},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {119--184},
  topic = {computer-aided-design;analogy;case-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ mota:2000a,
  author = {Edjard Mota},
  title = {Cyclical and Granular Time Theories as Subsets of
        the {H}erbrand Universe},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {366--377},
  topic = {cyclical-events;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ motoda-yoshida:1998a,
  author = {Hiroshi Motoda and Kenichi Yoshida},
  title = {Machine Learning Techniques to Make Computers Easier
  	to Use},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {295--321},
  topic = {machine-learning;HCI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ motschnigpitrik:1999a,
  author = {Renate Motschnig-Pitrik},
  title = {Contexts and Views in Object-Oriented Languages},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {256--269},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;object-oriented-databases;database-views;}  
  } 

@article{ mott:1973a,
  author = {P. Mott},
  title = {On {C}hisholm's Paradox},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {197--211},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ mott:1987a,
  author = {Peter L.  Mott},
  title = {A Theorem on the Consistency of Circumscription},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {31},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--98},
  topic = {circumscription;}  
  } 

@article{ moulines:1976a,
  author = {C. Ulises Moulines},
  title = {Approximate Application of Empirical Theories:  A General
  	Explication},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {201--227},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {approximation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mouloud:1984a,
  author = {Noelk Mouloud},
  title = {Machines and Mind: The Functional Sphere
     		and Epistemological Circles},
  booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects
  	of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Steve B. Torrance},
  pages = {88--98},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {foundations-of-cogsci;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@book{ moulton:1975a,
  author = {Janice M. Moulton},
  title = {Guidebook for Publishing Philosophy},
  publisher = {American Philosophical Association},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {guidance-for-academics;}  
 } 

@article{ mourelatos:1977a,
  author = {Alexander Mourelatos},
  title = {Events, Processes, and States},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {415--434},
  topic = {tense-aspect;aktionsarten;}  
  } 

@book{ moutafakis:1987a,
  author = {Nicholas J. Moutafakis},
  title = {The Logics of Preference: A Study of Prohairetic Logics in
  	Twentieth Century Philosophy},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027725918},
  topic = {deontic-logic;preferences;}  
 } 

@book{ moxley-sanford:1994a,
  author = {Linda M. Moxley and Anthony J. Sanford},
  title = {Communicating Quantities},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;vagueness;psycholinguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ mozer:1991a,
  author = {Michael C. Mozer},
  title = {The Perception of Multiple Objects: A Connectionist
  	Approach},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262132702 (hc)},
  xref = {Review: goddard:1993a.},
  topic = {connectionist-models;computer-vision;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ mozes-shoham_y1:1990a,
  author = {Eyal Mozes and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Protograms},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer
  	Science, Stanford University},
  topic = {action;agent-oriented-programming;}  
  } 

@book{ muecke:1969a,
  author = {Douglas C. Muecke},
  title = {The Compass of Irony},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1969},
  address = {London},
  title = {Irony},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1970},
  address = {London},
  topic = {irony;literary-=criticism;}  
 } 

@book{ muecke:1982a,
  author = {Douglas C. Muecke},
  title = {Irony and the Ironic},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1982},
  address = {London},
  topic = {irony;literary-=criticism;}  
 } 

@book{ mufwene:1984a,
  author = {Salikoko S. Mufwene},
  title = {Stativity and the Progressive},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {Aktionsarten;progressive;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ muggleton:1999a,
  author = {Stephen H. Muggleton},
  title = {Progol},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {theorem-proving;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ muggleton:1999b,
  author = {Stephen H. Muggleton},
  title = {Inductive Logic Programming: Issues, Results, and the
  	Challenge of Learning Language in Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {114},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {283--296},
  topic = {inductive-logic-programming;machine-language-learning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ muggleton-marginean:1999a,
  author = {Stephen H. Muggleton and F.A. Marginean},
  title = {Binary Refinement},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {theorem-proving;AI-algorithms-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ muggleton-marginean:2000a,
  author = {Steven H. Muggleton and Flaviu A. Marginean},
  title = {Logic-Based Machine Learning},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {315--330},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;inductive-logic-programming;
  	scientific-discovery;computer-assisted-biology;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ mukai:1986a,
  author = {Kuniaki Mukai},
  title = {Anadic Tuples in {P}rolog},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Institute for New Generation
		Computer Technology, Tokyo.},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ mukai:1986b,
  author = {Kuniaki Mukai},
  title = {A System of Logic Programming for Linguistic Analysis
		Based on Situation Semantics},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Institute for New Generation
		Computer Technology, Tokyo.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {logic-programming;situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ mullen:1979a,
  author = {J.D. Mullen},
  title = {Does the Logic of Preference Rest on a Mistake?},
  journal = {Metaphilosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {247--255},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {preferences;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mullen-osborne:2000a,
  author = {Tony Mullen and Miles Osborne},
  title = {Overfitting Avoidance for
	    Stochastic Modeling of Attribute-Value Grammars},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {49--54},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;statistical-nlp;
  	probabilistic-parsers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ muller:1998a,
  author = {Philippe Muller},
  title = {A Qualitative Theory of Motion Based on  Spatio-Temporal
		Primitives},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {131--141},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;qualitative-physics;spatial-representation;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ muller_m:2001a,
  author = {Martin M\"uller},
  title = {Partial Order Bounding: A New Approach to Evaluation in
  	Game Tree Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {129},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {279--311},
  topic = {game-trees;search;}  
  } 

@article{ muller_m:2002a,
  author = {Martin M\"uller},
  title = {Computer Go},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {134},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {145--179},
  topic = {computer-games;search;game-trees;} 
  } 

@book{ mumford:1998a,
  author = {Stephen Mumford},
  title = {Dispositions},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198236115 (alk. paper)},
  xref = {Review: } ,
  topic = {dispositions;}  
 } 

@article{ mundici:2000a,
  author = {Danielle Mundici},
  title = {Foreward: Logics of Uncertainty},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--3},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@article{ mundy:1989a,
  author = {Brent Mundy},
  title = {Elementary Categorial Logic, Predicates of Variable
  	Degree, and Theory of Quantity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {115--140},
  contentnote = {The polymorphism involved here is that of predicates
  	of variable degree.},
  topic = {polymorphism;formalizations-of-physics;}  
  } 

@article{ munsat:1986a,
  author = {Stanley Munsat},
  title = {Wh-Complementizers},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {191--217},
  topic = {nl-syntax;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mura:1983a,
  author = {{Susan Swan} Mura},
  title = {Licensing Violations: Legitimate Violations of {G}rice's
  	Conversational Principle},
  booktitle = {Conversational Coherence:  Form, Structure and Strategy},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey},
  pages = {101--115},
  address = {London},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;cooperative-principle;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ murphy:2000a,
  author = {Robin Murphy},
  title = {Using Robot Competitions to Promote Educational
  	Development},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {77--90},
  topic = {robotics;AI-education;}  
  } 

@book{ murray_j-lin_yl:1995a,
  author = {John Murray and Yili Liu},
  title = {The Colloquium: An Ontological Charcterization of
  		Distributed Human-Machine System Supervision},
  publisher = {College of Engineering, University of Michigan},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Ann Arbor},
  ISBN = {080581549X (paper)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ murray_ks:1996a,
  author = {Kenneth S. Murray},
  title = {{KI}: A Tool for Knowledge Integration},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {835--842},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {machine-learning;knowledge-integration;}  
  } 

@article{ murray_nv:1982a,
  author = {Neil V. Murray},
  title = {Completely Non-Clausal Theorem Proving},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {67--85},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ musan:1997a,
  author = {Renate Musan},
  title = {Tense, Predicates, and Lifetime Effects},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {271--301},
  topic = {nl-tense;}  
  } 

@article{ musan:1999a,
  author = {Renate Musan},
  title = {Temporal Interpretation and Information-Status of
  	Noun Phrases},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {6},
  pages = {621--661},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-tense;noun-phrase-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ muscettola-etal:1998a,
  author = {Nicola Muscettola and Paul Morris and
  	Ioannis Tsamardinos},
  title = {Reformulating Temporal Plans for Efficient Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {444--452},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;planning;action-formalisms;plan-execution;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ muscettola-etal:1998b,
  author = {Nicola Muscettola and P. Pandurang Nayak and
  	Barney Pell and Brian C. Williams},
  title = {Remote Agent: to Go Boldly Where No {AI} System Has
  	Gone Before},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {5--47},
  topic = {autonomous-agents;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mushim-etal:2000a,
  author = {Ilana Mushim and Lesley Stirling and Janet Fletcher and
     		Roger Wales},
  title = {Identifying Prosodic Indicators of
		Dialogue Structure: Some Methodological and
		Theoretical Considerations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  pages = {36--45},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;prosody;discourse-structure;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ muskens:1980a,
  author = {Reinhard Muskens},
  title = {The Partial Theory of Types},
  year = {1980},
  note = {(Handout).},
  topic = {partial-logic;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ muskens:1986a,
  author = {Reinhard Muskens},
  title = {A Relational Formulation of the Theory of Types},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {86--04},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ muskens:1988a,
  author = {Reinhard Muskens},
  title = {Going Partial in {M}ontague Grammar},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--88--04},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {truth-value-gaps;partial-logic;higher-order-logic;
		Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ muskens:1989a,
  author = {Reinhard Muskens},
  title = {Meaning and Partiality},
  school = {University of Amsterdam},
  year = {1989},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {partial-logic;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ muskens:1989b,
  author = {Reinhard Muskens},
  title = {A Relational Formulation of the Theory of Types},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {325--346},
  topic = {intensional-logic;higher-order-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ muskens:1996a,
  author = {Reinhard Muskens},
  title = {Combining {M}ontague Semantics and Discourse
  	Representation},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {143--186},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ muskens:1996b,
  author = {Reinhard Muskens},
  title = {Meaning and Partiality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Revision of muskens:1989a.},
  topic = {partial-logic;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ muskens:2001a,
  author = {Reinhard Muskens},
  title = {Talking about Trees and Truth-Conditions},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {417--455},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;underspecification-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ musliner-etal:1995a,
  author = {David J. Musliner and Edmund H. Durfee and Kang G. Shin},
  title = {World Modeling for the Dynamic Construction of Real-Time
  	Control Plans},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {74},
  number = {1},
  pages = {83--127},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     As intelligent, autonomous systems are embedded in critical
     real-world environments, it becomes increasingly important to
     rigorously characterize how these systems will perform.  Research
     in real-time computing and control has developed ways of proving
     that a given control system will meet the demands of an
     environment, but has not addressed the dynamic planning of
     control actions.  Building an agent that can flexibly achieve
     its goals in changing environments requires a blending of
     real-time computing and AI technologies.  The Cooperative
     Intelligent Real-time Control Architecture (CIRCA) implements
     this blending by executing complex AI methods and guaranteed
     real-time control plans on separate subsystems.  We describe the
     formal model of agent/environment interactions that CIRCA uses
     to build control plans, and we show how those control plans are
     guaranteed to meet domain requirements.  CIRCA's world model
     provides the information required to make real-time performance
     guarantees, but avoids unnecessary complexity.  } ,
  topic = {planning;procedural-control;}  
  } 

@article{ mutchler:1993a,
  author = {David Mutchler},
  title = {The Multi-Player Version of Minimax Displays Game-Tree
  	Pathology},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {64},
  number = {2},
  pages = {323--336},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     It is widely believed that by searching deeper in the game tree,
     the decision-maker is more likely to make a better decision.
     Dana Nau and others have discovered pathology theorems that show
     the opposite: searching deeper in the game tree causes the
     quality of the ultimate decision to become worse, not better.
     The models for these theorems assume that the search procedure
     is minimax and the games are two-player zero-sum. This report
     extends Nau's pathology theorem to multi-player game trees
     searched with maxn, the multi-player version of minimax. Thus
     two-player zero-sum game trees and multi-player game trees are
     shown to have an important feature in common.},
  topic = {search;AI-algorithms-analysis;game-trees;game-tree-pathology;}  
  } 

@article{ mycielski:1989a,
  author = {Jan Mycielski},
  title = {The Meaning of Pure Mathematics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {315--320},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ mycielski:1992a,
  author = {Jan Mycielski},
  title = {Quantifier-Free Versions of First-Order Logic and
		Their Psychological Significance},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {125--147},
  topic = {algebraic-logic;foundations-of-logic;
		nl-semantics-and-cognition;}  
  } 

@article{ mycroft-okeefe:1984a,
  author = {Alan Mycroft and Richard A. O'Keefe},
  title = {A Polymorphic Type System for {PROLOG}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {295--307},
  topic = {polymorphism;Prolog;}  
  } 

@incollection{ myers-etal:1985b,
  author = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle},
  title = {Introduction: Representation and
		Inference in Reasoning and Discourse},
  booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle},
  pages = {1--11},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;coherence;anaphora;pragmatic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ myers_d:2002a,
  author = {Dale Myers},
  title = {Review of {\it Automated Reasoning with {O}tter}, by
  	{J}ohn {A}rnold {K}alman},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {428--429},
  xref = {Review of: kalman:2001a.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;computer-assisted-mathematics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ myers_kl:1991a,
  author = {Karen L. Myers},
  title = {Universal Attachment: An Integration Method for Logic Hybrids},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {405--416},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;combining-logics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ myers_kl-konolige:1992a,
  author = {Karen L. Myers and Kurt Konolige},
  title = {Reasoning wirh Analogical Representations},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {189--200},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;analogy;}  
  } 

@article{ myers_kl:1994a,
  author = {Karen L. Myers},
  title = {Hybrid Reasoning Using Universal Attachment},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {67},
  number = {2},
  pages = {329--375},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Hybrid representation frameworks provide a powerful basis for
     constructing intelligent systems.  Universal attachment is a
     domain-independent mechanism for integrating diverse
     representation and reasoning methods into hybrid frameworks that
     contain a subsystem based on deduction over logical formulas.
     Although based on the same principles as previous attachment
     methods, universal attachment provides a much broader range of
     connections between general-purpose deduction and specialized
     representation and reasoning techniques.  This paper defines a
     formal inference rule of universal attachment and discusses the
     properties of soundness, completeness and correctness for this
     rule.  The relationship between universal attachment and other
     integration techniques is explored.  Finally, policies based on
     experimentation with an implemented universal attachment system
     are presented that lend guidance in exploiting the expanded
     representational and inferential capabilities that hybrid
     systems provide.  } ,
  topic = {hybrid-kr-architectures;knowledge-integration;}  
  } 

@incollection{ myers_kl:1996a,
  author = {Karen L. Myers},
  title = {Strategic Advice for Hierarchical Planners},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {112--123},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {planning;abstraction;}  
  } 

@article{ myers_kl:1999a,
  author = {Karen L. Myers},
  title = {{\sc Cpef}: A Continuous Planning and Execution Framework},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {63--69},
  topic = {execution-monitoring;plan-execution;plan-maintenance;}  
  } 

@book{ myers_t-etal:1985a,
  editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle},
  title = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {012512321-3 (paperback)},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan
     		McGonigle, "Introduction: Representation and
		Inference in Reasoning and Discourse", pp. 1--11
     2. Philip N. Johnson-Laird, "Reasoning without
     		Logic", pp. 13--49
     3. Terence Moore, "Reasoning and Inference in Logic and
     		Language", pp. 51--66
     4. Jens Allwood, "Logic and Spoken
     		Interaction", pp. 67--91
     5. G. Hagert and Y. Waern, "On Implicit Assumptions
     		in Reasoning", pp. 93--115
     6. J.A. Stedmon, "More Than 'All'?  Children's
     		Problems with Plural Judgements", pp. 117--139
     7. B. McGonigle and M. Chalmers, "Representations and
     		Strategies During Inference", pp. 141--164
     8. Keith Stenning, "On Making Models: A Study of
     		Constructive Memory", pp. 165--185
     9. Pieter A.M. Seuren, "Anaphora Resolution", pp. 187--207
    10. Ruth Kempson, "Definite {NP}s and Context-Dependence:
    		A Unified Theory of Anaphora", pp. 209--239
    11. Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber, "Inference and Implicature in
    		Utterance Interpretation ", pp. 241--263
    12. Yorick Wilks, "Relevance and Beliefs", pp. 265--289
  } ,
  topic = {pragmatics;coherence;pragmatic-reasoning;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ myerson:1988a,
  author = {Roger B. Myerson},
  title = {Incentive Constraints and Optimal Communications Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {179--193},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {communication-protocols;game-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ myhill:1960a,
  author = {John Myhill},
  title = {Remarks on the Notion of Proof},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {57},
  number = {14},
  pages = {461--471},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;goedels-first-theorem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ myhill:1974a,
  author = {John Myhill},
  title = {The Undefinability of the Set of Natural Numbers in the
  		Ramified {P}rincipia},
  booktitle = {Bertrand {R}ussell's Philosophy},
  publisher = {Barnes and Noble},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {George Nakhnikian},
  pages = {19--27},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {ramified-type-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ mylonas-renear:1999a,
  author = {Elli Mylonas and Allen Renear},
  title = {The Text Encoding Initiative at 10: Not Just an
		Interchange Format Anymore, But a New Research Community},
  journal = {Computers and the Humanities},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--9},
  topic = {Text-Encoding-Initiative;corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mylopoulos-levesque:1984a,
  author = {John Mylopoulos and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {An Overview of Knowledge Representation},
  booktitle = {On Conceptual Modelling:  Perspectives from Artificial
  	Intelligence, Databases and Programming Languages},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Michael L. Brodie and John Mylopoulos and Joachim W. Schmidt},
  pages = {3--17},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ mylopoulos:1992a,
  author = {John Mylopoulos},
  title = {The {PSN} Tribe},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {223--241},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ myro:1986a,
  author = {George Myro},
  title = {Identity and Time},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {383--409},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {individuation;identity;}  
  } 

@article{ na-huck:1993a,
  author = {YoungHee Na and G.J. Huck},
  title = {On the Status of Certain Island Violations in
  	{K}orean},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {2},
  pages = {181--229},
  topic = {syntactic-islands;Korean-language;}  
  } 

@book{ nadel:1989a,
  editor = {Lynn Nadel},
  title = {Neural Connections, Mental Computation},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {026214042X},
  topic = {neurocognition;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ nado-fikes:1990a,
  author = {Robert A. Nado and Richard E. Fikes},
  title = {Semantically Sound Inheritance for a Formally Defined
  	Frame Language With Defaults},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {443--448},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {editor, checkpublisher},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;extensions-of-kl1;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nado-fikes:1992a,
  author = {Robert Nado and Richard Fikes},
  title = {Saying More with Frames},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {719--731},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;frames;semantic-networks;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ naess:1950a2,
  author = {Arne Naess},
  title = {Towards a Theory of Interpretation and Preciseness},
  booktitle = {Semantics and the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Illinois Press},
  year = {1952},
  editor = {Leonard Linsky},
  pages = {248--269},
  address = {Urbana, Illinois},
  xref = {Republication of: naess:1950a1.},
  topic = {vagueness;synonymy;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ nagao:1989a,
  author = {Katashi Nagao},
  title = {Semantic Interpretation Based on the Multi-World Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ nagao_k:1993a,
  author = {Katashi Nagao},
  title = {Abduction and Dynamic Preference in Plan-Based
		Dialogue Understanding},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {1186--1192},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {abduction;plan-recognition;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ nagao_k-takeuchi:1994a,
  author = {Katashi Nagao and Akikazu Takeuchi},
  title = {Speech Dialogue with Facial Displays: Multimodal
  	Human-Computer Conversation},
  year = {1994},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of ACL 32},
  pages = {102--109},
  topic = {facial-expression;computational-discourse;
  	multimodal-communication;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nagao_m:1994a,
  author = {Makoto Nagao},
  title = {Varieties of Heuristics in Sentence Parsing},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {513--523},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nagata:1996a,
  author = {Mesaaki Nagata},
  title = {Automatic Extraction of New Words from {J}apanese
			Texts Using Generalized Forward-Backward Search},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {48--59},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {Japanese-language;corpus-statistics;dictionary-construction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nagel_e:1944a,
  author = {Ernest Nagel},
  title = {Logic without Ontology},
  booktitle = {Naturalism and the Human Spirit},
  publisher = {Columbia University Press},
  year = {1944},
  editor = {Yervant H. Krikorian},
  pages = {210--241},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {philosophy-of-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nagel_e:1949a,
  author = {Ernest Nagel},
  title = {The Meaning of Reduction in the Natural Sciences},
  booktitle = {Science and Civilization},
  publisher = {University of Wisconsin Press},
  year = {1949},
  editor = {Robert C. Stauffer},
  pages = {99--135},
  address = {Madison, Wisconsin},
  topic = {reduction;}  
  } 

@article{ nagel_t:1965a,
  author = {Thomas Nagel},
  title = {Physicalism},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {74},
  number = {3},
  pages = {339--356},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;}  
  } 

@article{ nagel_t:1974a,
  author = {Thomas Nagel},
  title = {What Is it Like to Be a Bat?},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {83},
  pages = {435--450},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Reprinted in The Minds {I}},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;other-modeling;animal-cognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nagel_t:1978a,
  author = {Thomas Nagel},
  title = {Desires, Prudential Motives, and the Present},
  booktitle = {Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Joseph Raz},
  pages = {153--152},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {desires;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nakamura:1991a,
  author = {Akira Nakamura},
  title = {A Logic of Imprecise Monadic Predicates and its Relation to
  	the {S5}-Modal Fuzzy Logic},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {254--261},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {fuzzy-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nakano-kato:1998a,
  author = {Yukiko I. Nakano and Tsuneaki Kato},
  title = {Cue Phrase Selection in Instruction Dialogue Using Machine
  	Learning},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {100--106},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;machine-learning;
  	nl-generation;}  
  } 

@article{ nakashima-etal:1997a,
  author = {Hideyuki Nakashima and Hitoshi Matsubara and Ichiro Osawa},
  title = {Causality as a Key to the Frame Problem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {91},
  number = {1},
  pages = {37--50},
  topic = {frame-problem;causality;krcourse;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ nakatani-carroll:2000a,
  author = {Christine H. Nakatani and Jennifer Chu-Carroll},
  title = {Using Dialogie Representations for Concept-to-Speech
		Generation},
  booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Candace Sidner et al.},
  pages = {48--53},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ nakatani-chucarroll:2000a,
  author = {Christine H. Nakatani and Jennifer Chu-Carroll},
  title = {Using Dialogie Representations for Concept-to-Speech
		Generation},
  booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Candace Sidner et al.},
  pages = {48--53},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nakazoto:2000a,
  author = {Shu Nakazoto},
  title = {Japanese Dialogue Corpus of Multi-Level Annotation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  pages = {1--8},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;corpus-linguistics-Japanese-language;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ nakhamovsky:1988a,
  author = {Alexander Nakhamovsky},
  title = {Aspect, Aspectual Class, and the Temporal Structure of
  	Discourse},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	Colgate University.},
  topic = {Aktionsarten;tense-aspect;discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nakisa-plunkett:1998a,
  author = {Ramin Charles Nakisa and Kim Plunkett},
  title = {Evolution of a Rapidly Learned Representation for Speech},
  booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {T. Mark Ellison},
  pages = {70--79},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ napoli_a:1992a,
  author = {Amedeo Napoli},
  title = {Representation of Partial Order Relations and Procedures in
  	Object-Based Representations Systems},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {61--63},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;extensions-of-KL1-taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ napoli_dj:1988a,
  author = {Donna Jo Napoli},
  title = {Subjects and External Arguments: Clauses and Non-Clauses},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {323--354},
  topic = {government-binding-theory;grammatical-relations;}  
  } 

@article{ napoli_e:1995a,
  author = {Ernesto Napoli},
  title = {Direct Reference},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {321--329},
  topic = {reference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ narayanan_a:1984a,
  author = {Ajit Narayanan},
  title = {What is it Like to be a Machine?},
  booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects
  	of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Steve B. Torrance},
  pages = {79--87},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {philosophy-of-AI;other-modeling;consciousness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ narayanan_nh-etal:1995a,
  author = {N. Hari Narayanan and Masaki Suwa and Hiroshi Motoda},
  title = {Behavior Hypothesis from Schematic Diagrams},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {501--534},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {diagrams;cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ nardi:1996a,
  editor = {Bonnie A. Nardi},
  title = {Context and Consciousness: Activity Theory And
  	Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262140586 (paper)},
  topic = {HCI;context;}  
 } 

@techreport{ narens:1972a,
  author = {Louis Narens},
  title = {Why Tall Pygmies are Short},
  institution = {School of Social Sciences, University of California
  	at Irvine},
  number = {W13},
  year = {1972},
  address = {Irvine, California},
  topic = {semantics-of-adjectives;vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ narens:1974a,
  author = {Louis Narens},
  title = {Minimal Conditions for Additive Conjoint Measurement
  	and Qualitative Probability},
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {404--430},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;measurement-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ narens:1974b,
  author = {Louis Narens},
  title = {Measurement without {A}rchimedian Axioms},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {374--393},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;measurement-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ narens:1980a,
  author = {Louis Narens},
  title = {On Qualitative Axiomatizations for Probability Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {143--151},
  contentnote = {Considers axiomatizability of qualitative probability.
  	The results are negative.},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;measurement-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ narens:1988a,
  author = {Louis Narens},
  title = {Abstract Measurement Theory},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: kyburg:1988a},
  topic = {measurement-in-behavioral-science;measurement-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ narveson:1976a,
  author = {Jan Narveson},
  title = {Utilitarianism, Group Actions, and Coordination},
  journal = {No\^us},
  volume = {10},
  year = {1976},
  pages = {173--194},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
    } 

@article{ narveson:1977a,
  author = {Jan Narveson},
  title = {Compatibilism Defended},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  volume = {32},
  year = {1977},
  pages = {83--87},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
    } 

@inproceedings{ nashukawa-uramoto:1995a,
  author = {Tetsuya Nasukawa and Naohiko Uramoto},
  title = {Discourse as a Knowledge Resource for Sentence
  	Disambiguation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1360--1365},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {discourse;nl-interpretation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ nason:1946a,
  author = {John W. Nason},
  title = {Leibniz's Attack on the {C}artesian Doctrine of
  	Extension},
  journal = {Journal of the History of Ideas},
  year = {1946},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {447--483},
  topic = {Leibniz;}  
  } 

@article{ nathan:1984a,
  author = {Amos Nathan},
  title = {False Expectations},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1},
  pages = {128--136},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ nau:1982a,
  author = {Dana S. Nau},
  title = {The Last Player Theorem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--65},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Game trees are an important model of decision-making situations,
     both in artificial intelligence and decision analysis, but many
     of the properties of game trees are not well understood.  One of
     these properties is known as biasing: when a minimax search is
     done to an odd search depth, all moves tend to look good, and
     when it is done to an even search depth, all modes tend to look
     bad.
      One explanation sometimes proposed for biasing is that whenever
     a player makes a move his position is `strengthened', and that
     the evaluation function used in the minimax search reflects
     this.  However, the mathematical results in this paper suggest
     that biasing may instead be due to the errors made by the
     evaluation function. } ,
  topic = {search;game-trees;minimaxing;}  
  } 

@article{ nau:1982b,
  author = {Dana S. Nau},
  title = {An Investigation of the Causes of Pathology in Games},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {257--278},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Game trees are a useful model of many kinds of decision-making
     situations, and have been the subject of considerable
     investigation by researchers in both artificial intelligence and
     decision analysis.
      Until recently it was almost universally believed that searching
     deeper on a game tree would in general improve the quality of a
     decision.  However, recent theoretical investigations [8-10] by
     this author have demonstrated the existence of an infinite class
     of game trees for which searching deeper consistently degrades
     the quality of a decision.
      This paper extends the previous work in two ways.  First, the
     existence of pathology is demonstrated in a real game (Pearl's
     Game) using a real evaluation function.  This pathological
     behavior occurs despite the fact that the evaluation function
     increases dramatically in accuracy toward the end of the game.
     Second, the similarities and differences between this game and a
     related nonpathological game are used as grounds for speculation
     on why pathology occurs in some games and not in others.  } ,
  topic = {game-tree-pathology;decision-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ nau:1983a,
  author = {Dana S. Nau},
  title = {Pathology on Game Trees Revisited, and an Alternative to
  	Minimaxing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {221--224},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Almost all game tree search procedures used in artificial
     intelligence are variants on minimaxing.  Until recently, it was
     almost universally believed that searching deeper on the game
     tree with such procedures would in general yield a better
     decision.  However, recent investigations have revealed the
     existence of many game trees and evaluation functions which are
     `pathological' in the sense that searching deeper consistently
     degrades the decision.
      This paper extends these investigations in two ways.  First, it
     is shown that whenever the evaluation function satisfies certain
     properties, pathology will occur on any game tree of high enough
     constant branching factor.  This result, together with Monte
     Carlo studies on actual games, gives insight into the causes of
     pathology.  Second, an investigation is made of a possible cure
     for pathology: a probabilistic decision procedure which does not
     use minimaxing.  Under some conditions, this procedure gives
     results superior to minimaxing.  } ,
  topic = {search;game-trees;game-tree-pathology;}  
  } 

@article{ nau-etal:2001a,
  author = {Dana Nau and Yue Cao and Amnon Lotem and Hector
  	Mu\~noz-Avila},
  title = {The {S}hop Planning System},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--94},
  topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ naumann-pinon:1997a,
  author = {Ralf Naumann and Christopher Pi\~non},
  title = {Decomposing the Progressive},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  editor = {Paul Dekker and Martin Stokhof and Yde Venema},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {tense-aspect;progressive;} 
  } 

@article{ naumann:1998a,
  author = {Ralf Naumann},
  title = {A Dynamic Approach to the Present Perfect in {E}nglish},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2/3},
  pages = {185--217},
  topic = {perfective-aspect;dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ navaretta:2000a,
  author = {Costanza Navaretta},
  title = {Abstract Anaphora Resolution in {D}anish},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  pages = {56--65},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;anaphora-resolution;Danish-language;}  
  } 

@article{ navarrete-etal:2002a,
  author = {I. Navarrete and A. Sattar and R. Wetprasit and R. Martin},
  title = {On Point-Duration Networks for Temporal Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {140},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {39--70},
  topic = {qualitative-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;
  	graph-based-representations;} 
  } 

@book{ navarro-khan:1998a,
  author = {Ann Navarro and Tabinda Khan},
  title = {Effective Web Site Design: Mastering the Essentials},
  publisher = {Alameda, California},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Sybex, Inc.},
  ISBN = {0-7821-2278-7},
  topic = {internet-technology;html;}  
 } 

@article{ nayak_a:1994a,
  author = {Abhaya C. Nayak},
  title = {Foundational Belief Change},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {5},
  pages = {495--533},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nayak_a-etal:1996a,
  author = {Abhaya C. Nayak and Norman Y. Foo and Maurice Pagnucco
  	and Abdul Sattar},
  title = {Changing Conditional Beliefs Unconditionally},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {119--135},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nayak_pp:1992a,
  author = {P. Pandurang Nayak},
  title = {Order of Magnitude Reasoning Using Logarithms},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {201--210},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {approximation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ nayak_pp:1994a,
  author = {P. Pandurang Nayak},
  title = {Representing Multiple Theories},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf},
  pages = {1154--1160},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {context;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ nayak_pp:1994b,
  author = {P. Pandurang Nayak},
  title = {Causal Approximations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {70},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {277--334},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Adequate models require the identification of abstractions and
     approximations that are well suited to the task at hand. In this
     paper we analyze the problem of automatically selecting adequate
     models for the task of generating parsimonious causal
     explanations.  We make three important contributions. First, we
     develop a precise formalization of this problem.  In this
     formalization, models are defined as sets of model fragments,
     causal explanations are generated using causal ordering, and
     model simplicity is based on the intuition that using more
     approximate descriptions of fewer phenomena leads to simpler
     models.  Second, we use this formalization to show that the
     problem is intractable (NP-hard) and identify three sources of
     intractability: (a) deciding what phenomena to model; (b)
     deciding how to model the chosen phenomena; and (c) satisfying
     domain-dependent constraints.  Third, we introduce a new class
     of approximations called causal approximations that are commonly
     found in modeling the physical world. Causal approximations are
     based on the idea that more approximate descriptions usually
     explain less about a phenomenon than more accurate descriptions.
     Hence, when all approximations are causal approximations, the
     causal relations entailed by a model decrease monotonically as
     models become simpler, leading to an efficient, polynomial-time
     algorithm for finding adequate models.
  } ,
  topic = {causality;explanation;model-based-reasoning;abstraction;
  	polynomial-algorithms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ nayak_pp-levy:1995a,
  author = {P. Pandurang Nayak and Alan Levy},
  title = {A Semantic Theory of Abstractions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {196--203},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {abstractions;}  
 } 

@article{ nayak_pp-joskowicz:1996a,
  author = {P. Pandurang Nayak and Leo Joskowicz},
  title = {Efficient Compositional Modeling for Generating Causal
  	Explanations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {83},
  number = {2},
  pages = {193--227},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Effective problem solving requires building adequate models that
     embody the simplifications, abstractions, and approximations
     that parsimoniously describe the relevant system phenomena for
     the task at hand.  Compositional modeling is a framework for
     constructing adequate device models by composing model fragments
     selected from a model fragment library.  While model selection
     using compositional modeling has been shown to be intractable,
     it is tractable when all model fragment approximations are
     causal approximations.
      This paper addresses the reasoning and knowledge representation
     issues that arise in building practical systems for constructing
     adequate device models that provide parsimonious causal
     explanations of how a device functions.  We make four important
     contributions.  First, we present a representation of class
     level descriptions of model fragments and their relationships.
     The representation yields a practical model fragment library
     organization that facilitates knowledge base construction and
     supports focused generation of device models.  Second, we show
     how the structural, behavioral, and functional contexts of the
     device define model adequacy and provide the task focus and
     additional constraints to guide the search for adequate models.
     Third, we describe a novel model selection algorithm that
     incorporates device behavior with order of magnitude reasoning
     and focuses model selection with component interaction
     heuristics.  Fourth, we present the results of our
     implementation that produces adequate models and causal
     explanations of a variety of electromechanical devices drawn
     from a library of 20 components and 150 model fragments.
  } ,
  topic = {causal-explanations;device-modeling;problem-solving;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ nayak_pp-williams_bc:1998a,
  author = {P. Panduarng Nayak and Brian C. Williams},
  title = {Fast Context Switching in Real-Time Propositional
  	Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan},
  pages = {50--56},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {theorem-proving;truth-maintenance;context;}  
  } 

@article{ neal:1992a,
  author = {Radford M.  Neal},
  title = {Connectionist Learning of Belief Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {56},
  number = {1},
  pages = {71--113},
  topic = {machine-learning;Bayesian-networks;connectionist-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ neale:1988a,
  author = {Stephen Neale},
  title = {Events and `Logical Form'\, } ,
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {303--321},
  topic = {nl-semantics;logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@book{ neale:1990a,
  author = {Stephen Neale},
  title = {Descriptions},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262140454},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;reference;definite-descriptions;
  	context;}  
 } 

@article{ neale:1992a,
  author = {Stephen Neale},
  title = {Paul {G}rice and the Philosophy of Language},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  number = {5},
  pages = {509--559},
  note = {Review of {\it Studies in the Way of Words}, by
  	{H}. {P}aul {G}rice},
  xref = {Review of grice_hp:1989a.},
  xref = {See erratum: neale:1992b.},
  topic = {Grice;philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;implicature;}  
  } 

@article{ neale:1992b,
  author = {Stephen Neale},
  title = {Erratum},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  number = {6},
  pages = {677},
  note = {To `Paul {G}rice and the Philosophy of Language'.},
  xref = {Erratum to neale:1992a.},
  topic = {Grice;philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;
  	implicature;}  
  } 

@incollection{ neale:1993a,
  author = {Stephen Neale},
  title = {Term Limits},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {89--123},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {reference;logical-form;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ neale:1994a,
  author = {Stephen Neale},
  title = {The Place of Language},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {94},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {215--227},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ neander:1998a,
  author = {Karen Neander},
  title = {The Division of Phenomenal Labor: A
    		Problem for Representational Theories of
		Consciousness},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {411--434},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;consciousness;}  
  } 

@book{ neapolitan:1990a,
  author = {Richard E. Neapolitan},
  title = {Probabilistic Reasoning in Expert Systems: Theory and
  	Algorithms},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;expert-systems;}  
} 

@article{ nease-owens_dk:1997a,
  author = {Robert F. {Nease, Jr.} and Douglas K. Owens},
  title = {Use of Influence Diagrams to Structure Medical Decisions},
  journal = {Medical Decision Making},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {263--275},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {causal-networks;decision-analysis;influence-diagrams;
  		reasoning-with-diagrams;}  
  } 

@book{ nebel:1987a,
  author = {Bernhard Nebel},
  title = {Reasoning and Revision in Hybrid Representation System},
  publisher = {Springer-Verllag},
  year = {1987},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;belief-revision;truth-maintenance;kr-course;}  
 } 

@article{ nebel:1988a,
  author = {Bernhard Nebel},
  title = {Computational Complexity of Terminological Reasoning
  	in {BACK}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {34},
  number = {3},
  pages = {371--383},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;taxonomic-logics;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ nebel:1989a,
 author = {Bernhard Nebel},
 title = {A Knowledge Level Analysis of Belief Revision},
 booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
 year = {1989},
 editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
 pages = {301--311},
 publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
 address = {San Mateo, California},
 month = {May},
 topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@book{ nebel:1990a,
  author = {Bernhard Nebel},
  title = {Reasoning and Revision in Hybrid Representation Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1990},
  number = {422},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387524436 (U.S.)},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
 } 

@article{ nebel:1990b,
  author = {Bernhard Nebel},
  title = {Terminological Reasoning is Inherently Intractable},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {43},
  number = {2},
  pages = {235--249},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Computational tractability has been a major concern in the area
     of terminological knowledge representation and reasoning.
     However, all analyses of the computational complexity of
     terminological reasoning are based on the hidden assumption that
     subsumption in terminologies reduces to subsumption of concept
     descriptions without a significant increase in computational
     complexity. In this paper it will be shown that this assumption,
     which seems to work in the "normal case", is nevertheless
     wrong.  Subsumption in terminologies turns out to be
     co-NP-complete for a minimal terminological
     representation language that is a subset of every useful
     terminological language.
  } ,
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-complexity-analysis;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ nebel:1991a,
  author = {Bernhard Nebel},
  title = {Belief Revision and Default Reasoning: Syntax-Based Approaches},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {417--428},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nebel:1992a,
  author = {Bernhard Nebel},
  title = {Syntax Based Approaches to Belief Revision},
  booktitle = {Belief revision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  pages = {52--88},
  address = {Cambridge},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@book{ nebel-etal:1992a,
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  title = {{KR}': Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {kr;}  
 } 

@article{ nebel-backstrom:1994a,
  author = {Bernhard Nebel and Christer  B\"ackstr\"om},
  title = {On the Computational Complexity of Temporal Projection,
  	Planning, and Plan Validation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {125--160},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;planning;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ nebel-koehler:1995a,
  author = {Bernhard Nebel and Jana Koehler},
  title = {Plan Reuse Versus Plan Generation: a Theoretical and Empirical
  	Analysis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {427--454},
  topic = {planning;plan-reuse;kr-complexity-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nebel:1996a,
  author = {Bernhard Nebel},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence: A Computational Perspective},
  booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Gerhard Brewka},
  pages = {237--266},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nebel:1998a,
  author = {Bernhard Nebel},
  title = {How Hard is it to Revise a Belief Base?},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 3:  Belief Change},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  pages = {77--145},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {belief-revision;complexity;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ nebel:1999a,
  author = {Bernhard Nebel},
  title = {What is the Expressive Power of Disjunctive Preconditions?},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {planning-formalisms;disjunction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nebel:2000a,
  author = {Bernhard Nebel},
  title = {On the Expressive Power of Planning Formalisms},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {469--488},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;STRIPS;planning-formalisms;expressive-power;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nebel:2002a,
  author = {Bernhard Nebel},
  title = {The Philosophical Soccer Player},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {631},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;cognitive-robotics;philosophy-and-AI;} 
  } 

@article{ neches:1993a,
  author = {Robert Neches},
  title = {Review of {\it Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems:
  	Representation and Inference in the {CYC} Project}, by
	{D}.{B}. {L}enat and {R}.{V}. {G}uha},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {61},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--79},
  xref = {Review of lenat-guha:1989a.},
  topic = {kr;large-kr-systems;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ nederhof-satta:1996a,
  author = {Mark-Jan Nederhof and Giorgio Satta},
  title = {Efficient Tabular {LR} Parsing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {239--246},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
 } 

@incollection{ nederhof-etal:1997a,
  author = {Mark-Jan Nederhof and Gosse Bouma and Rob Koeling and
                Gertjan van Noord},
  title = {Grammatical Analysis in the {OVIS} 
                Spoken Dialogue System},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {66--73},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;nl-processing;speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nederhof:1998a,
  author = {Mark-Jan Nederhof},
  title = {Context-Free Parsing through Regular Approximation},
  booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State
  	Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Lauri Karttunen},
  pages = {13--24},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;finite-state-nlp;context-free-grammars;
  	parsing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ nederhof:1999a,
  author = {Mark-Jan Nederhof},
  title = {The Computational Complexity of the Correct-Prefix
		Property for {TAGS}},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {3},
  pages = {345--359},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;complexity-theory;TAG-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ nederhof:2000a,
  author = {Mark-Jan Nederhof},
  title = {Practical Experiments with Regular Approximation of
  	Context-Free Languages},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17--44},
  topic = {finite-state-nlp;finite-state-approximation;experimental-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ needham:1999a,
  author = {Paul Needham},
  title = {Macroscopic Processes},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {66},
  number = {2},
  pages = {310--331},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;foundations-of-thermodynamics;}  
  } 

@article{ negri-vonplato:2001a,
  author = {Sara Negri and Jan von Plato},
  title = {Sequent Calculus in Natural Deduction Style},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {66},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1803--1816},
  topic = {proof-theory;} 
  } 

@article{ nehamas:1975a,
  author = {Alexander Nehamas},
  title = {Confusing Universals and Particulars in {P}lato's 
  	Early Dialogues},
  journal = {The Review of Metaphysics},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {29},
  number = {2},
  pages = {287--306},
  topic = {Plato;metaphysics;} 
  } 

@article{ nehamas:1975b,
  author = {Alexander Nehamas},
  title = {Plato on the Imperfection of the Sensible World},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {812},
  number = {2},
  pages = {105--117},
  topic = {Plato;metaphysics;} 
  } 

@article{ nehamas:1985a,
  author = {Wilfrid Hodges},
  title = {Truth in a Structure},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {1985/1986},
  pages = {135--151},
  topic = {model-theory;history-of-logic;Tarski;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ nehemas:1980a,
  author = {Alexander Nehemas},
  title = {Faces of Skepticism},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of Pittsburgh.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {skepicism;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ neiger:1988a,
  author = {Gil Neiger},
  title = {Knowledge Consistency:  A Useful Suspension of Disbelief},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical Aspects of
    Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {295--308},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;knowledge-based-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ neiger-toueg:1990a,
  author = {Gil Neiger and S. Toueg},
  title = {Automatically Increasing the Fault-Tolerance of Distributed
  	Algorithms},
  journal = {Journal of Algorithms},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {374--419},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ neiger-bazzi:1992a,
  author = {Gil Neiger and Rida Bazzi},
  title = {Using Knowledge to Optimally Achieve Coordination in
  	Distributed Systems},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {43--59},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ neiger-toueg:1993a,
  author = {Gil Neiger and S. Toueg},
  title = {Simulating Real-Time Clocks and Common Knowledge in Distributed
  	Systems},
  journal = {Journal of the {ACM}},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {40},
  number = {2},
  pages = {334--352},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {distributed-systems;synchronization;mutual-beliefs;}  
  } 

@article{ neiger-tuttle:1993a,
  author = {Gil Neiger and M.R. Tuttle},
  title = {Common Knowledge and Consistent Simultaneous Coordination},
  journal = {Distributed Computing},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {334--352},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {mutual-belief;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ neimela:1995a,
  author = {Ilkka {Niemel\"a}},
  title = {Towards Efficient Default Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {312--318},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ neisser:1988a,
  author = {U. Neisser},
  title = {Five Kinds of Self-Knowledge},
  journal = {Philosophical Psychology},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {35--59},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {introspection;self-knowledge;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nejdl-banagl:1992a,
  author = {Wolfgang Nejdl and Marcus Banagl},
  title = {Asking about Possibilities---Revision and Update Semantics
  	for Subjunctive Queries},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {697--708},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;belief-revision;conditionalization;}  
  } 

@article{ nelken-francez:2002a,
  author = {R. Nelken and N. Francez},
  title = {Bilattices and the Semantics of Natural Language Questions},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {37--64},
  topic = {bilattices;multi-valued-logic;interrogatives;nl-semantics;} 
  } 

@article{ nelkin:2000a,
  author = {Dana K. Nelkin},
  title = {Two Standpoints and the Belief in Freedom},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {10},
  pages = {564--563},
  topic = {freedom;}  
  } 

@article{ nelson_a:1984a,
  author = {Alan Nelson},
  title = {Some Issues Surrounding the Reduction of Macro-
  	to Micro-Economics},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {51},
  number = {4},
  pages = {573--594},
  topic = {theory-reduction;philosophy-of-economics;}  
  } 

@article{ nelson_j:1970a,
  author = {Jack Nelson},
  title = {Prior on {L}eibniz's Law},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {39},
  number = {3},
  pages = {92--94},
  topic = {identity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nemeti:1996a,
  author = {Istv\'an N\'emeti},
  title = {A Fine-Structure Analysis of First-Order Logic},
  booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic},
  publisher = {{CLSI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {221--247},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {arrow-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ nemirow:1995a,
  author = {Lawrence Nemirow},
  title = {Understanding Rules},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {92},
  number = {1},
  pages = {28--43},
  topic = {philosophy-of-cogsci;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ nenkova:2002a,
  author = {Ani Nenkova},
  title = {A Tableau Method for Graded Intersections of Modalities: A
  	Case for Concept Languages},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {67--77},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;modal-logic;} 
  } 

@article{ nerbonne:1988a,
  author = {John Nerbonne},
  title = {Reference Time and Time in Narration},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {83--95},
  topic = {nl-tense;narrative-representation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ nerbonne:1993a,
  author = {John Nerbonne},
  title = {The Computational Lexicon and Its Interfaces},
  year = {1993},
  note = {Course Notes, LSA Summer Institute, 1993.},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Nerbonne-Flickinger, "Inheritance and Computation"
	2. Extracts from _Information_Based_Syntax_and_Semantics
	3. Nerbonne-etal, "German Grammar in HPSG"
	4. Krieger, "Feature Based Allomorphy"
	},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@article{ nerbonne:1995a,
  author = {John Nerbonne},
  title = {Nominal Comparatives and Generalized Quantifiers},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {273--300},
  topic = {comparative-constructions;generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nerbonne:1996a,
  author = {John Nerbonne},
  title = {Computational Semantics---Linguistics and Processing},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {461--484},
  topic = {computational-linguistics;nl-semantics;
		computational-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ nerbonne:1997a,
  editor = {John Nerbonne},
  title = {Linguistic Databases},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. John Nerbonne, "Introduction", pp. 1--12
	2. Stephen Oepen and Klaus Netter and Judith Klein, "Test
		Suites for Natural Language Processing", pp. 13--36
	3. Jacques Le Maitre and Elizabeth Murisasco and Monique
		Rolbert, "From Annotated Corpora to Databases: The
		{S}gml{QL} Language", pp. 37--58
	4. Martin Volk, "Markup of a Test Suite with {SGML}", pp. 59--76
	5. Werner A. Deutsch and Ralf Vollman and Anton Noll and Sylvia
		Moosm\"uller, "An Open Systems Approach to an
		Acoustic-Phonetic Continuous Speech Database: The
		{S}-{T}ools Database-Management System
		({STDBMS})", pp. 77--92
	6. Erik Fudge and Linda Shockey, "The Reading Database of
		Syllable Structure", pp. 93--102
	7. Edgar Haimerl, "A Database Application for the Generation
		of Phonetic Atlas Maps", pp. 103--116
       10. Gerard Chollet and Jean-Luc Cochard and Andrei Constantinescu
       		and Cedric Jaroulet and Philippe Langlais, "Swiss {F}rench
		{P}oly{P}hone and {P}oly{V}ar: Telephone Speech Databases
		to Model Inter- and Intra-Speaker Variability", pp. 117--135
       11. Andres Bredenkamp and Louisa Sadler and Andrew
       		Spencer, "Investigating Argument Structure: The {R}ussian
		Nominalization Database", pp. 137--159
       12. Siohan Devlin and John Tait, "The Use of a Psycholinguistic
       		Database in the Simplification of Text for Aphasic
		Readers", pp. 161--174
       13. Sylviane Granger, "The Computer Learner Corpus: A Testbed for
       		Electronic {EFL} Tools", pp. 175--188
       14. Oliver Christ, "Linking {W}ord{N}et to a Corpus Query
       		System", pp. 189--202
       15. Gary F. Simons and John V. Thomson, "Multilingual Data
       		Processing in the {CELLAR} Environment", pp. 203--234
   } ,
  ISBN = {1-57586-092-9 (paperback)},
  xref = {Reviews: tiedemann:1999a, konig-mengel:2000a.},
  topic = {linguistic-databases;corpus-linguistics;
  	computer-assisted-science;computer-assisted-linguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ nerbonne:1997b,
  author = {John Nerbonne},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Linguistic Databases},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {John Nerbonne},
  pages = {1--12},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {linguistic-databases;corpus-linguistics;
  	computer-assisted-science;computer-assisted-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ nerbonne:2000a,
  author = {John Nerbonne},
  title = {Review of {\it The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive
  	Sciences}, edited by {R}obert {A}. {W}ilson and
	{F}rank {C}. {K}eil},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {463--467},
  xref = {Review of: wilson_ra-keil:1999a.},
  topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nercessian:1992a2,
  author = {Nancy Nercessian},
  title = {How Do Scientists Think?  Capturing the
  	Dynamics of Conceptual Change in Science},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {137--181},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {diagrams;cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ nerlich:1965a,
  author = {George Nerlich},
  title = {Presupposition and Entailment},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {33--42},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ nerode-shore:1993a,
  author = {Anil Nerode and Richard A. Shore},
  title = {Logic For Applications},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387941290},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
 } 

@incollection{ netzer-elhadad:1998a,
  author = {Yael Dahan Netzer and Michael Elhadad},
  title = {Generation of Noun Compounds in {H}ebrew: Can Syntactic
  	Knowledge be Fully Encapsulated?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {168--177},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;compound-nouns;Hebrew-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ neubauer-petofi:1981a,
  author = {Fritz Neubauer and Janos S. Pet\"ofi},
  title = {Word Semantics, Lexical Systems, and Text
  	Interpretations},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {343--377},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;nl-interpretation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ neufeld:1989a,
  author = {Eric Neufeld},
  title = {Defaults and Probabilities:  Extensions and Coherence},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {312--323},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;default-logic;probabilistic-semantics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ neufeld:1991a,
  author = {Eric Neufeld},
  title = {Notes on `A Clash of Intuitions'},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {48},
  number = {2},
  pages = {225--240},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ neufeld:1999a,
  author = {Eric Neufeld},
  title = {Review of {\em Statistical Methods for Speech
		Recognition}, by {F}rederic {J}elenek},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {297--298},
  xref = {Review of jelenick:1997a.},
  topic = {speech-recognition;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@incollection{ neugenbauer-petermann:1998a,
  author = {G. Neugebauer and U. Petermann},
  title = {Specifications of Inference Rules: Extensions of the
  	{PTTP} Technique},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ neuhaus-broker:1997a,
  author = {Peter Neuhaus and Norbert Br\"oker},
  title = {The Complexity of Recognition of Linguistically
  	Adequate Dependency Grammars},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {337--343},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;categorial-grammar;}  
 } 

@book{ neuman_wm-lamming:1995a,
  author = {William M. Newman and Michael G. Lamming},
  title = {Interactive System Design},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Reading, Massaachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201631628},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ neuman_wr-etal:1992a,
  author = {W. Russell Neuman and Marion R. Just and Ann N. Crigler},
  title = {Common Knowledge: News and The Construction of Political
    Meaning},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0226574393 (cloth)},
  topic = {shared-cognition;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ neumann:1997a,
  author = {G\"unter Neumann},
  title = {Applying Explanation-Based Learning to Control
  	and Speeding-up Natural Language Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {214--221},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;machine-language-learning;
		explanation-based-learning;}  
 } 

@article{ neumann:1998a,
  author = {G\"unter Neumann},
  title = {Interleaving Natural Language Parsing and
		Generation through Uniform Processing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {99},
  number = {1},
  pages = {121--163},
  topic = {nl-generation;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@book{ neurath-etal:1970a,
  editor = {Otto Neurath and Rudolf Carnap and Charles Morris},
  title = {Foundations of the Unity of Science: Toward an International
    Encyclopedia of Unified Science},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1969--1970},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0226575861 (vol. 1)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@article{ nevatia-binford:1977a,
  author = {Ramakant Nevatia and Thomas O. Binford},
  title = {Description and Recognition of Curved Objects},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {77--98},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Analysis of scenes of three-dimensional objects has, in the
     past, been largely limited to the world of polyhedra.  Techniques
     for generating structured, symbolic descriptions of complex
     curved objects by segmenting them into simpler sub-parts are
     presented here.  The complexity of objects used is that of toy
     animals and hand tools.  Recognition is performed by matching
     these descriptions with stored descriptions of models.  A laser
     ranging technique is used to acquire three-dimensional position
     of points on the visible surfaces.  Successful segmentation and
     recognition results have been obtained for scenes with multiple,
     occluding objects in various orientations and with a variety of
     articulations of sub-parts.},
  topic = {shape-recognition;three-D-imaging;}  
  } 

@article{ nevins:1975a,
  author = {Arthur J. Nevins},
  title = {Plane Geometry Theorem Proving Using Forward Chaining},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--23},
  topic = {theorem-proving;computer-assisted-mathrmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ nevins:1975b,
  author = {Arthur J. Nevins},
  title = {A Relaxation Approach to Splitting in an Automatic Theorem
  	Prover},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {25--39},
  topic = {theorem-proving;relaxation-methods;}  
  } 

@article{ new:1966a1,
  author = {C.G. New},
  title = {A Plea for Linguistics},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {75},
  pages = {368--384},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  xref = {Reprinted in fann:1969a; see new:1966a2.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ new:1966a2,
  author = {C.G. New},
  title = {A Plea for Linguistics},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {148--165},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  xref = {Reprinted in in fann:1969a; see new:1966a1.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@article{ newborn:1977a,
  author = {M.M. Newborn},
  title = {The Efficiency of the Alpha-Beta Search on Trees with
  	Branch-Dependent Terminal Node Scores},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {137--153},
  topic = {search;AI-algorithms-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ newell-simon:1963a,
 author = {Allan Newell and Herbert A. Simon},
 title = {{\sc gps}, A Program That Simulates Human Thought},
 booktitle = {Computers and Thought},
 publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
 year = {1963},
 editor = {Edward Feigenbaum A. and Julian Feldman},
 pages = {279--293},
 address = {New York},
 topic = {AI-classics;}  
 } 

@article{ newell-simon_ha:1976a1,
  author = {Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {Computer Science as Empirical Enquiry: Symbols and
         Search},
  journal = {Communications of the Association for Computing
         Machinery},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {113--126},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republished: newell-simon_ha:1976a2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;AI-classics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ newell-simon_ha:1976a2,
  author = {Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {Computer Science as Empirical Enquiry: Symbols and
         Search},
  booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {John Haugeland},
  pages = {35--66},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Originally Published: newell-simon_ha:1976a1.},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;AI-classics;}  
  } 

@article{ newell:1982a,
   author = {Allen Newell},
   title = {The Knowledge Level},
   journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
   year = {1982},
   volume = {18},
   number = {1},
   pages = {82--127},
   topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ newell-etal:1989a,
  author = {Allen Newell and Paul Rosenbloom and John Laird},
  title = {Symbolic Architectures for Cognition},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {3},
  pages = {93--131},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;cognitive-modeling;SOAR;}  
  } 

@book{ newell:1992a,
  author = {Allen Newell},
  title = {Unified Theories of Cognition},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;cognitive-modeling;SOAR;}  
 } 

@article{ newell:1992b,
 author = {Allen Newell},
 title = {Pr\'ecis of {U}nified {T}heories of {C}ognition},
 journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
 year = {1992},
 volume = {15},
 number = {3},
 pages = {425--492},
 topic = {cognitive-architectures;}  
	} 

@article{ newell:1993a,
  author = {Allen Newell},
  title = {Reflections on the Knowledge Level},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {31--38},
  xref = {Retrospective commentary on newell:1982a.},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ newell-etal:1993a,
  author = {Allen Newell and Richard Young and Thad Polk},
  title = {The Approach through Symbols},
  booktitle = {The Simulation of Human Intelligence},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Donald Broadbent},
  pages = {33--70},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;machine-learning;
  	cognitive-architectures;natural-language-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ newmeyer:1971a,
  author = {Frederick J. Newmeyer},
  title = {The Source of Derived Nominals in {E}nglish},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {47},
  number = {1},
  pages = {786--796},
  topic = {nominalization;}  
  } 

@article{ newmeyer:1975a,
  author = {Frederick J. Newmeyer},
  title = {Review of {\it Themes in Linguistics: The 1970's},
  	edited by {E}ric {P}. {H}amp},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1},
  pages = {163--169},
  topic = {history-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ newmeyer:1983a,
  author = {Frederick J. Newmeyer},
  title = {Grammatical Theory, Its Limits and Its Possibilities},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0226577171},
  topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology;}  
 } 

@book{ newmeyer:1988a,
  editor = {Frederick J. Newmeyer},
  title = {Linguistic Theory: Extensions and Implications},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052130833X},
  topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ newmeyer:1988b,
  editor = {Frederick J. Newmeyer},
  title = {Language: Psychological and Biological Aspects},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521308356},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;biolinguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ newmeyer:1988c,
  editor = {Frederick J.  Newmeyer},
  title = {Linguistic Theory: Foundations},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521308321},
  topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ newmeyer:1988d,
  editor = {Frederick J.  Newmeyer},
  title = {Linguistics, The Cambridge Survey},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521308321 (v. 1)},
  topic = {linguistics-general;}  
 } 

@book{ newmeyer:1996a,
  author = {Frederick J. Newmeyer},
  title = {Generative Linguistics: A Historical Perspective},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1996},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415115531},
  topic = {linguistics-history;}  
 } 

@book{ newmeyer:1998a,
  author = {Frederick J. Newmeyer},
  title = {Language Form and Language Function},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262140640 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ ng_ht-mooney:1990a,
  author = {Hwee Tou Ng and Raymond J. Mooney},
  title = {The Role of Coherence in Constructing and Evaluating
  	Abductive Explanations},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Spring Symposium on Automated Abduction},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {P. O'Rorke},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {abduction;coherence;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ng_ht-mooney:1992a,
  author = {Hwee Tou Ng and Raymond J. Mooney},
  title = {Abductive Plan Recognition and Diagnosis:  A Comprehensive
  	Empirical Investigation},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {499--508},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;abduction;plan-recognition;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ng_ht-lee:1996a,
  author = {Hwee Tou Ng and Hian Beng Lee},
  title = {Integrating Multiple Knowledge Sources to Disambiguate
  	Word Sense: An Exemplar-Based Approach},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {40--47},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  url = {http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9706010},
  topic = {disambiguation;word-sense;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ng_ht:1997a,
  author = {Hwee Tou Ng},
  title = {Exemplar-Based Word Sense Disambiguation: Some
				Recent Improvements},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {208--213},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;lexical-disambiguation;}  
  } 

@article{ ng_ht-zelle:1998a,
  author = {Hwee Tou Ng and John Zelle},
  title = {Corpus-Based Approaches to Semantic Interpretation in
		Natural Language Processing},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {45--64},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;corpus-statistics;}  
  } 

@book{ nguyen_ht-walker_ea:1997a,
  author = {Hung T. Nguyen and Elbert A. Walker},
  title = {A First Course in Fuzzy Logic},
  publisher = {CRC Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0-8493-9477-5},
  topic = {fuzzy-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ nguyen_lh:2001a,
  author = {Linh anh Nguyen},
  title = {Analytic Tableau Systems and Interpolation Theorems for
  	the Modal Logics {KB}, {KDB}, {K5}, {KD5}},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--57},
  topic = {proof-theory;semantic-tableaux;modal-logic;} 
  } 

@article{ nguyen_xl-etal:2002a,
  author = {Xuan{L}ong Nguyen and Subbaro Kambhampati and Romeo S.
  	Nigenda},
  title = {Planning Graph as the Basis for Deriving Heuristics
  	for Plan Synthesis by State Space and {CSP} Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {135},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {73--123},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;search;graph-based-reasoning;} 
  } 

@article{ nicolle-clark_b:1999a,
  author = {S. Nicolle and B. Clark},
  title = {Experimental Pragmatics and What Is Said: A Response to
  	{G}ibbs and {M}oise},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {69},
  pages = {337--354},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {pragmatics;speaker-meaning;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ nie-plaisted:1989a,
  author = {Xumin Nie and David A. Plaisted},
  title = {Refinements to Depth-First Iterative-Deepening Search in
  	Automatic Theorem Proving},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {41},
  number = {2},
  pages = {223--235},
  topic = {theorem-proving;search;}  
  } 

@article{ nie-plaisted:1992a,
  author = {Xumin Nie and David A. Plaisted},
  title = {A Semantic Backward Chaining Proof System},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {55},
  number = {1},
  pages = {109--128},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We discuss a refutationally complete sequent style clause-based
     proof system that supports several importantstrategies in
     automatic theorem proving.  The system has a goal-subgoal
     structure and supports backward chaining with caching.  It
     permits semantic deletion, sometimes using multiple
     interpretations.  It is also a genuine support strategy.  We also
     show how to use multiple interpretations to control the case
     analysis rule, also called the splitting rule, how to design
     interpretations and how to select input clauses for a theorem.
  } ,
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ nie:1997a,
  author = {Xumin Nie},
  title = {Non-{H}orn Clause Logic Programming},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {92},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {243--258},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ niehren-etal:1997a,
  author = {Joachim Niehren and Manfed Pinkal and Peter Ruhrberg},
  title = {A Uniform Approach to Underspecification and Parallelism},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {410--417},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {semantic-underspecification;}  
 } 

@incollection{ niemela-rintanen:1992a,
  author = {Ilkka Niemel\"a and Jussi Rintanen},
  title = {On the Impact of Stratification on the Complexity of Nonmonotonic
  	Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {627--638},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;complexity-in-AI;autoepestemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ niemela:1994a,
  author = {Ilkka Niemel\"a},
  title = {A Decision Method for Nonmonotonic Logic Based on
  	Autoepistemic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {473--484},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;decision-procedures;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ niemela:1995a,
  author = {Ilkka Niemel\"a},
  title = {Towards Efficient Default Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {312--318},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  contentnote = {Decision for Reiter, with full propositional logic.
  	Much disc of search.},
  topic = {kr;default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ niemela:1999a,
  author = {Ilkkka Niemel\"a},
  title = {Smodels: An Implementation of the Stable
      		Model Semantics for Normal Logic Programs},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {stable-models;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ niemela-simons:2000a,
  author = {Ilkka Niemel\"a and Patrick Simons},
  title = {Extending the {S}models System with Cardinality and Weight
  		Constraints},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {491--521},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;logic-programming;stable-models;}  
  } 

@techreport{ nieuwendijk:1991a,
  author = {Arthur Nieuwendijk},
  title = {Semantics and Comparative Logic},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--91--09},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {indian-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ niiniluoto:1979a,
  author = {Ilkka Niiniluoto},
  title = {Knowing That One Sees},
  booktitle = {Essays in Honour of {J}aakko {H}intikka},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Esa Saarinen and Risto Hilpinen and Ilkka Niiniluoto and
		M. Provence Hintikka},
  pages = {249--282},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@incollection{ niiniluoto:1994a,
  author = {Ilkka Niiniluoto},
  title = {Remarks on the Logic of Perception},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {116--129},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@book{ niiniluoto-saarinen:1994a,
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  title = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  series = {Acta Philosophica {F}ennica},
  address = {Helsinki},
  contentnote = {TC:
      1. A.S. Karpenko, "Aristotle, Lukasiewicz, and Factor-Semantics"
      2. Z.N. Mikeladze, "Intensional Principles in Aristotle"
      3. Simo Knuuttila, "Topics in Late Medieval Intensional Logic"
      4. G.H. von Wright, "Diachronic and Synchronic Modalities"
      5. V.A. Smirnov, "The World of Modal Operators by Means of
      		Tense Operators"
      6. L.L. Maksimova, "Interpolation Properties of
      		Superintuitionistic, Positive, and Modal Logics"
      7. O.F. Serebriannikov, "Gentzen's Hauptsatz for Modal Logic
      		with Quantifiers"
      8. Jaakko Hintikka, "Is Alethic Modal Logic Possible?"
      9. Veikko Rantala, "Impossible Worlds Semantics and Logical
      		Omniscience"
     10. Ilkka Niiniluoto, "Remarks on the Logic of Perception"
     11. Esa Saarinen, "Propositional Attitudes Are Not Attitudes
     		towards Propositions"
     12. Lauri Carlson, "Plural Quantifiers and Informational
     		Independence"
     13. Risto Hilpinen, "Disjunctive Permissions and Conditionals
     		with Disjunctive Antecedents"
     14. E.A. Sidorenko, "On Extensions of E"
     15. Krister Segerberg, "`After' and `During' in Dynamic Logic"
     16. D.A. Bochvar, "Some Aspects of the Investigation of Reification
     		Paradoxes"
     17. V.K. Finn and O.M. Anshakov and R.Sh. Grigola and M.I.
     	Zabeshailo, "Many-Valued Logics as Fragments of Formalized
	Semantics"
     18. I. P\"orn, "Meaning and Intension"
     19. Raimo Tuomela, "Action Generation"
   } ,
  topic = {intensional-logic;epistemic-logic;propositional-attitudes;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ niiniluoto:1998a,
  author = {Ilkka Niiniluoto},
  title = {Defending Abduction},
  booktitle = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed
	Papers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {436--451},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@article{ niizuma-kitahashi:1985a,
  author = {Seizaburo Niizuma and Tadahiro Kitahashi},
  title = {A Problem-Decomposition Method Using Differences or
  	Equivalence Relations between States},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {117--151},
  topic = {problem-decomposition;AI-algorithms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nijholt:1981a,
  author = {Anton Nijholt},
  title = {Overview of Parallel Parsing
    		Strategies},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  pages = {207--229},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;parallel-processing;}  
  } 

@book{ nikanne-zee:2000a,
  editor = {Upro Nikanne and Emile van der Zee},
  title = {Cognitive Interfaces: Constraints on Linking Cognitive
  	Information},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-19-829961-3 (hardback), 0-19-829962-1 (paperback)},
  topic = {cognitive-modularity;cognitive-architectures;
  	cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ nilsen:1973a,
  author = {Don L.F. Nilsen},
  title = {Review of {\it Ambiguity in Natural Language: An Investigation
  	of Certain Problems in Its Description}, by
  	{J}.{G}. {K}ooij},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {595--597},
  xref = {Review of: kooij:1971a.},
  topic = {ambiguity;}  
  } 

@book{ nilsen_ap:1999a,
  author = {Aleen Pace Nilsen},
  title = {Living Language: Reading,Thinking, and Writing},
  publisher = {Allyn and Bacon},
  year = {1999},
  address = {New York},
  contenttnote = {Sort of an intro for English/communication types.},
  topic = {English-Language;linguistics-intro;composition-manual;}  
 } 

@article{ nilsen_dlf-etal:1988a,
  author = {Don L.F. Nilsen and Aleen Pace Nilsen and Nathan H. Combs},
  title = {Teaching a Computer to Speculate},
  journal = {Computers and the Humanities},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {193--201},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-understanding;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nilsson_jf:1989a,
  author = {J{\o}rgen Fisher Nilsson},
  title = {Knowledge Base Combinator Logic},
  booktitle = {Information Processing 89},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {G.X. Ritter},
  pages = {661--666},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {combinatory-logic;knowledge-representation;}  
  } 

@book{ nilsson_nj:1980a,
  author = {Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {Principles of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Tioga Publishing Co.},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Palo Alto, California},
  ISBN = {0935382011},
  xref = {Review: mcdermott_j1:1980a.},
  topic = {ai-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ nilsson_nj:1983a,
  author = {Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence Prepares for 2001},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {7--14},
  topic = {AI-editorial;}  
  } 

@techreport{ nilsson_nj:1984a,
  author = {Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {Shakey the Robot},
  number = {323},
  institution = {AI Center, SRI International},
  year = {1984},
  topic = {robotics;}  
 } 

@techreport{ nilsson_nj:1985a,
  author = {Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {Triangle Tables: A Proposal for a Robot Programming
  	Language},
  number = {347},
  institution = {AI Center, SRI International},
  year = {1985},
  topic = {robotics;}  
 } 

@article{ nilsson_nj:1986a,
  author = {Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {Probabilistic Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {71--87},
  topic = {probablilty;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@article{ nilsson_nj:1989a,
  author = {Nils Nilsson},
  title = {On ``Logical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence''.
  	A Response to the Reviews by {S}. {S}moliar and {J}. {S}owa},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {132--133},
  topic = {kr;AI-intro;AI-and-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ nilsson_nj:1989b,
  author = {Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {Teleo-Reactive Agents},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	Stanford University.},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;foundations-of-robotics;}  
  } 

@book{ nilsson_nj:1990a,
  author = {Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {The Mathematical Foundations of Learning Machines},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {learning;learning-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ nilsson_nj:1991a,
  author = {Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {Logic and Artificial Intelligence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {47},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {31--56},
  contentnote = {This is a survey paper on the logical approach to AI.},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;AI-survey;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ nilsson_nj:1993a,
  author = {Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {Probabilistic Logic Revisited},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {39--42},
  xref = {Retrospective commentary on nilsson_nj:1986a.},
  topic = {probablilty;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ nilsson_nj:1995a,
  author = {Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {Eye on the Prize},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Available at
  	http://www.robotics.stanford.edu/\user{}nilsson/.},
  topic = {ai-editorial;foundations-of-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ nilsson_nj:1996a,
  author = {Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {Review of ``{A}rtificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach,''
  	by {S}tuart {R}ussell and {P}eter {N}orvig},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {82},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {369--380},
  topic = {ai-intro;}  
  } 

@book{ nilsson_nj:1998a,
  author = {Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {San Francisco},
  ISBN = {1558604677},
  xref = {Review: duboulay:2001a},
  topic = {ai-survey;ai-intro;}  
 } 

@incollection{ nipkow-prehofer:1998a,
  author = {T. Nipkow and C. Prehofer},
  title = {Higher-Order Rewriting and Equational Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nipkow-reif:1998a,
  author = {T. Nipkow and W. Reif},
  title = {Introduction (to Part {I}: Interactive
			Theorem Proving)},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ nirenburg:1987a,
  editor = {Sergei Nirenburg},
  title = {Machine Translation: Theoretical and Methodological Issues},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {machine-translation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ nirenburg-levin_l:1987a,
  author = {Sergei Nirenburg and Lori Levin},
  title = {Syntax-Driven and Ontology-Driven Lexical Semantics},
  booktitle = {Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky and Sabine Bergler},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ nirenburg-etal:1989a,
  author = {Sergei Nirenburg and Victor Lesser and Eric Nyberg},
  title = {Controlling a Language Generation Planner},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {1524--1530},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;pragmatics;}  
} 

@book{ nirenburg-etal:1992a,
  editor = {Sergei Nirenburg and Jaime Carbonell and Masaru Tomita
  	and Kenneth Goodman},
  title = {Machine Translation: A Knowledge-Based Approach},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {machine-translation;}  
 } 

@article{ nirke-etal:1996a,
  author = {Madhura Nirke and Sarit Kraus and Michael Miller and
  	Donald Perlis},
  title = {How to (Plan to) Meet a Deadline Between {\it Now} and
  	{\it Then}},
  journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--48},
  topic = {planning;resource-limited-reasoning;reasoning-in-time;}  
  } 

@article{ nishida-doshita:1995a,
  author = {Toyoaki Nishida and Shuji Doshita},
  title = {Qualitative Analysis of Behavior of Systems of Piecewise
  	Linear Differential Equations with Two State Variables},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {75},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--29},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The set of all solution curves in the phase space for a system
     of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is called the phase
     portrait.  A phase portrait provides global qualitative
     information about how a given system of ODEs behaves under
     different initial conditions.  We are developing a method called
     Topological Flow Analysis (TFA) for automating analysis of the
     topological structure of the phase portrait of systems of ODEs.
      In this paper, we describe the first version of TFA for systems
     of piecewise linear ODEs with two state variables.  TFA has
     several novel features that have not been achieved before.
     Firstly, TFA enables to grasp characteristics of all behaviors
     of a given system of ODEs.  Secondly, TFA allows to symbolically
     represent behaviors in terms of critical geometric features in
     the phase space.  Finally, TFA integrates qualitative and
     quantitative analysis.  The current version of TFA has been
     implemented as a program called PSX2PWL using Common Lisp.
  } ,
  topic = {qualitative-differential-equations;
  	reasoning-about-physical-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ nishida:1997a,
  author = {Toyoaki Nishida},
  title = {Grammatical Description of Behaviors of Ordinary
  	Differential Equations in Two-Dimensional Phase Space},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {91},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--32},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The major task of qualitative analysis of systems of ordinary
     differential equations is to recognize the global pattern of
     solution curves in the phase space.  In this paper, I present a
     flow grammar, a grammatical specification of all possible
     patterns of solution curves one may see in the phase space.
      I describe a flow pattern, a semi-symbolic representation of
     the patterns of solution patterns in the phase space, and show 
     how an important class of flow patterns can be specified by the
     pattern resulting from any structurally stable flow on a plane.
     I also describe several properties of the flow grammar related to
     the enumeration of patterns.  In particular, I estimate the upper
     limit of the number of applications of rewriting rules needed to
     derive a given flow pattern.  Finally, I describe how the flow
     grammar is used in qualitative analysis to plan, monitor, and 
     interpret the result of numerical computation.
  } ,
  topic = {qualitative-differential-equations;qualitative-reasoning;
  	dynamic-systems;}  
 } 

@article{ nishihara_hk:1981a,
  author = {H.K. Nishihara},
  title = {Intensity, Visible-Surface, and Volumetric
  	Representations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {265--284},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     One approach to studying human vision is to treat it as a
     computation that produces descriptions of the external world
     from retinal images, asking what can be said about this process
     based on an investigation of the information processing problems
     that it solves [11].  This paper examines the structure of the
     problem at a level of abstraction Marr and Poggio [16] call the
     computational theory.  The type of information the vision process
     must make explicit at various stages is treated and used as a
     base for decomposing the process into subparts that can be
     studied independently.  Examples are taken from ongoing research
     at M.I.T.  } ,
  topic = {visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ nishimura_h:1979a,
  author = {Hirokazu Nishimura},
  title = {Is the Semantics of Branching Structures Adequate
  	for Chronological Modal Logics?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {469--475},
  contentnote = {Discusses nonequivalence of TxW and branching
  	semantics for case where times are integers.},
  title = {Is the Semantics of Branching Structures Adequate
  	for Non-Metric {O}ckhamist Tense Logics?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {477--478},
  contentnote = {Generalizes nishimura:1979b to nonmetric times.},
  title = {Review of {\it The Syntactic Process}, by {M}ark {S}teedman},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {146--148},
  xref = {Review of steedman:2000a.},
  topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;categoriaal-grammar;nl-processing;
  		nl-quantifiers;nl-quantifier-scope;intonation;}  
  } 

@article{ niwa-etal:1984a,
  author = {Kiyoshi Niwa and Koji Sasaki and Hirokazu Ihara},
  title = {An Experimental Comparison of Knowledge Representation Schemes},
  journal = {AI Magazine},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {29--36},
  topic = {kr;experimental-testing-of-kr-systems;AI-system-evaluation;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ niyogi-berwick:1997a,
  author = {Partha Niyogi and Robert C. Berwick},
  title = {Evolutionary Consequences of Language Learning},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {6},
  pages = {697--719},
  topic = {language-change;language-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ noble:1988a,
  author = {Hugh M. Noble},
  title = {Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Blackwell Scientific Publications},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0632015020 (pbk.)},
  topic = {nl-processing;nlp-intro;} 
 } 

@incollection{ nofsinger:1983a,
  author = {Robert E. Nofsinger},
  title = {Tactical Coherence in Courtroom Conversation},
  booktitle = {Conversational Coherence:  Form, Structure and Strategy},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey},
  pages = {243--258},
  address = {London},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ noh:1998a,
  author = {Eun-Je Noh},
  title = {Echo Questions: Metarepresentation and Pragmatic
  	Enrichment},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {21},
  number = {6},
  pages = {603--628},
  topic = {echo-questions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nolan:1997a,
  author = {James Nolan},
  title = {Estimating the True Performance of
     		Classification-Based {NLP} Technology},
  booktitle = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making
  	{NLP} Work in Practice},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {23--28},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {document-classification;nlp-evaluation;}  
  } 

@article{ noonan:1978a,
  author = {Harold W. Noonan},
  title = {Count Nouns and Mass Nouns},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {38},
  topic = {mass-term-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ noonan:1982a,
  author = {Harold W. Noonan},
  title = {Vague Objects},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {42},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number, pages},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@article{ noonan:1984a,
  author = {Harold W. Noonan},
  title = {Indefinite Identity: A Reply to {B}roome},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {117--121},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@article{ noonan:1989a,
  author = {Harold W. Noonan},
  title = {Vague Identity Yet Again},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {50},
  pages = {157--162},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@book{ noonan:1989b,
  author = {Harold W. Noonan},
  title = {Personal Identity},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1989},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {identity;metaphysics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ noonan:1993a,
  author = {Harold W. Noonan},
  title = {Object-Dependent Thoughts: A Case
       		of Superficial Necessity but Deep Contingency?},
  booktitle = {Mental Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele},
  pages = {283--308 } ,
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {internalism/externalism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ noonan:1996a,
  author = {Harold W. Noonan},
  title = {The `{G}ray's Elegy' Argument---And Others},
  booktitle = {Bertrand {R}ussell and the Origins of Analytic
  	Philosophy},
  publisher = {Thoemmes Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Roy Monk and Anthony Palmer},
  pages = {65--102},
  address = {Bristol},
  topic = {Russell;on-denoting;}  
  } 

@book{ norcliffe:1991a,
  author = {Allan Norcliffe},
  title = {Mathematics of Software Construction},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood},
  year = {1991},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0135633702 (Library ed.)},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@book{ nordenfelt:1974a,
  author = {Lennart Nordenfelt},
  title = {Explanation of Human Actions},
  publisher = {Filosofiska foreningen og Filosofiska institutionen},
  year = {1974},
  address = {Uppsala},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@article{ nordenstam:1966a,
  author = {Tore Nordenstam},
  title = {On {A}ustin's theory of Speech-Acts},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {75},
  pages = {141--143},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ norman:1969a,
  author = {Donald A. Norman},
  title = {Memory and Attention: An Introduction to Human Information
    Processing},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1969},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0471651303,  0471651311 (pbk)},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;memory;attention;}  
 } 

@book{ norman:1970a,
  editor = {Donald A. Norman},
  title = {Models of Human Memory},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1970},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0125213506},
  topic = {memory;memory-models;}  
 } 

@book{ norman-rumelhart:1975a,
  author = {Donald A. Norman and David E. Rumelhart},
  title = {Explorations in Cognition},
  publisher = {W. H. Freeman},
  year = {1975},
  address = {San Francisco},
  ISBN = {0716707365},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ norman:1976a,
  author = {Donald A. Norman},
  title = {Memory and Attention: An Introduction to Human Information
    Processing},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1976},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0471651362, 0471651370 (pbk.)},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;memory;attention;}  
 } 

@book{ norman-draper:1986a,
  editor = {Donald A. Norman and Stephen W. Draper},
  title = {User Centered System Design: New Perspectives on
  	Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0898597811},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ norman:1988a,
  author = {Donald A. Norman},
  title = {The Psychology of Everyday Things},
  publisher = {Basic Books},
  year = {1988},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0465067093},
  xref = {Revision: norman_da:1988a.},
  topic = {industrial-design;cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ norman:1990a,
  author = {Donald A. Norman},
  title = {The Design of Everyday Things},
  publisher = {Doubleday},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0385267746},
  xref = {Revision of norman_da:1988a.},
  topic = {industrial-design;cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ norman:1991a,
  author = {Donald A. Norman},
  title = {Approaches to the Study of Intelligence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {47},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {327--346},
  acontentnote = {Abstract: How can human and artificial intelligence be
     understood? This paper reviews Rosenbloom, Laird, Newell, and
     McCarl's overview of Soar, their powerful symbol-processing
     simulation of human intelligence. Along the way, the paper
     addresses some of the general issues to be faced by those who
     would model human intelligence and suggests that the methods
     most effective for creating an artificial intelligence might
     differ from those for modeling human intelligence. Soar is an
     impressive piece of work, unmatched in scope and power, but it
     is based in fundamental ways upon Newell's ``physical symbol
     system hypothesis'' -- any weaknesses in the power or generality
     of this hypothesis as a fundamental, general characteristic of
     human intelligence will affect the interpretation of Soar. But
     our understanding of the mechanisms underlying human
     intelligence is now undergoing rapid change as new,
     neurally-inspired computational methods become available that
     are dramatically different from the symbol-processing approaches
     that form the basis for Soar. Before we can reach a final
     conclusion about Soar we need more evidence about the nature of
     human intelligence.  Meanwhile, Soar provides an impressive
     standard for others to follow.  Those who disagree with Soar's
     assumptions need to develop models based upon alternative
     hypotheses that match Soar's achievements.  Whatever the
     outcome, Soar represents a major advance in our understanding of
     intelligent systems.
 } ,
  topic = {Soar;cognitive-architectures;}  
  } 

@book{ norman:1998a,
  author = {Donald A. Norman},
  title = {The Invisible Computer: Why Good Products Can Fail, the
    Personal Computer Is So Complex, and Information Appliances Are the
    Solution},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262140659 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;HCI;computer-technology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ normore:1982a,
  author = {Calvin Normore},
  title = {Future Contingents},
  booktitle = {Cambridge History of Later {M}edieval Philosophy: from
  	the Rediscovery of {A}ristotle to the Disintegration of
	Scholasticism 1100--1600},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {Norman Kretzmann and Anthony Kenny and Jan Pinborg},
  pages = {358--381},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {future-contingent-propositions;medieval-phulosophy;}  
  } 

@book{ norris:1993a,
  author = {Christopher Norris},
  title = {The Truth about Postmodernism},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {postmodernism;literary-criticism;}  
 } 

@article{ norton_b:1975a,
  author = {Bryan Norton},
  title = {Is Counterpart Theory Inadequate?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {79--89},
  topic = {individuation;quantifying-in-modality;individuation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ norton_j:1988a,
  author = {John Norton},
  title = {Shafer-Dempster Belief Functions.  Standard Probability
		Measures and Limit Theorems:  Do We Need a New Calculus
		of Belief?},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Pittsburgh.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;Dempster-Shafer-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ norton_lm:1971a,
  author = {Lewis M. Norton},
  title = {Experiments with a Heuristic Theorem-Proving Program for
  	Predicate Calculus with Equality},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {261--284},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ norton_lm:1983a,
  author = {Lewis M. Norton},
  title = {Automated Analysis of Instructional Text},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {307--344},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The development of a capability for automated processing of
     natural language text is a long-range goal of artificial
     intelligence.  This paper discusses an investigation into the
     issues involved in the comprehension of descriptive, as opposed
     to illustrative, textual material.  The comprehension process is
     viewed as the conversion of knowledge from one representation
     into another.  The proposed target representation consists of
     statements of the PROLOG language, which can be interpreted both
     declaratively and procedurally, much like production rules.  A
     computer program has been written to model in detail some ideas
     about this process.  The program successfully analyzes several
     heavily edited paragraphs adapted from an elementary textbook on
     programming, automatically synthesizing as a result of the
     analysis a working PROLOG program which, when executed, can
     parse and interpret LET commands in the BASIC language.  The
     paper discusses the motivations and philosophy of the project,
     the many kinds of prerequisite knowledge which are necessary,
     and the structure of the text analysis program.  A
     sentence-by-sentence account of the analysis of the sample text
     is presented, describing the syntactic and semantic processing
     which is involved.  The paper closes with a discussion of lessons
     learned from the project, possible alternative approaches, and
     possible extensions for future work.  The entire project is
     presented as illustrative of the nature and complexity of the
     text analysis process, rather than as providing definitive or
     optimal solutions to any aspects of the task.  } ,
  topic = {prolog;logic-programming;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ norvig:1983a,
  author = {Peter Norvig},
  title = {Frame Activated Inferences in a Story Understanding Program},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {624--626},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {nl-understanding;story-understanding;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ norvig:1987a,
  author = {Peter Norvig},
  title = {Inference in Text Understanding},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Kenneth Forbus and Howard Shrobe},
  pages = {562--565},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {abduction;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ norvig-wilensky:1990a,
  author = {Peter Norvig and Robert Wilensky},
  title = {A Critical Evaluation of Commensurable Abduction Models
  	for Semantic Interpretation},
  booktitle = {Thirteenth International Conference on Computational
  	Linguistics, Volume 3},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {H. Karlgren},
  pages = {225--230},
  missinginfo = {organization, publisher,  address},
  topic = {abduction;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@book{ norvig:1992a,
  author = {Peter Norvig},
  title = {Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies
    in Common {LISP}},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufman Publishers},
  year = {1992},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  ISBN = {1558601910},
  xref = {Reviews: martin_jh:1993a, wong_jf:1993a.},
  topic = {AI-programming;AI-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ norvig:1994a,
  author = {Peter Norvig},
  title = {Review of {\it Text-Based Intelligent Systems},
  	edited by {P}aul {J}acobs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {181--188},
  xref = {Review of jacobs_p:1992a.},
  topic = {nl-kr;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ nossum:1997a,
  author = {Rolf T. Nossum},
  title = {A Decidable Multi-Modal Logic of Context},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages   pages = {146--}},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nossum-thielscher:1999a,
  author = {Rolf Nossum and Michael Thielscher},
  title = {Counterfactual Reasoning by Means of a Calculus of
		Narrative Context},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {495--501},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;conditionals;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ not-etal:1999a,
  author = {Elena Not and Lucia M. Tovena and <asso,p Zancanaro},
  title = {Positing and Resolving Bridging Anaphora in Deverbal {NP}s},
  booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and
  	Reference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu},
  pages = {39--45},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {_Bridging_anaphora_ involves recovering an implicit
      relation.  E.g., "A new bond loan will be issued tomorrow by
      Babco Ambroveneto.  ... The requests will be accepted from
      the 2nd to the 14th of October."},
  topic = {anaphora;argument-structure;bridging-anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ nourbakhsh-etal:1999a,
  author = {Illah Nourbakhsh and Judith Bobenage and Sebastian Grange
  	and Ron Lutz and Roland Meyer and Alvaro Soto},
  title = {An Affective Mobile Robot Educator with a Full-Time Job},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {114},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {95--124},
  topic = {robotics;robot-human-interaction;}  
  } 

@article{ noussia:1997a,
  author = {Theodora I. Noussia},
  title = {A Rule-Based Hyphenator for Modern {G}reek},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {361--376},
  topic = {hyphenization;modern-Greek-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nouwen:1999a,
  author = {Rick W.F. Nouwen},
  title = {{DPL} with Control Elements},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {193--198},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {dynamic-predicate-logic;focus;}  
  } 

@incollection{ novak_g:1995a,
  author = {Gordon Novak},
  title = {Diagrams for Solving Physical Problems},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {753--774},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;
  	physical-reasoning;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ novak_p:1997a,
  author = {Peter Novak},
  title = {Mental Symbols: A Defence of the Classical Theory of Mind},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@article{ novak_p:1998a,
  author = {Peter Novak},
  title = {Logic and the Classical Theory of Mind},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {4},
  pages = {389--434},
  topic = {foundations-of-modal-logic;formalizations-of-philosophy;
  	philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@incollection{ novak_v:1998a,
  author = {Vil\'em Nov\'ak},
  title = {Fuzzy Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 1:  Quantified Representation
		of Uncertainty and Imprecision},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {75--109},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {fuzzy-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ novick-ward_k:1993a,
  author = {David G. Novick and Karen Ward},
  title = {Mutual Beliefs of Multiple Conversants: a Computational
  	Model of Collaboration in Air Traffic Control},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert},
  pages = {196--201},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {mutual-beliefs;coord-in-conversation;}  
 } 

@article{ nowellsmith:1960a1,
  author = {P.H. Nowell-Smith},
  title = {Ifs and Cans},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1960},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {85--101},
  xref = {Reprinted in fann:1969a; see nowell-smith:1960a2.},
  topic = {ability;conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nowellsmith:1960a2,
  author = {P. Nowell-Smith},
  title = {Ifs and Cans},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {166--181},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  xref = {Reprinted from Theoria; see nowell-smith:1960a1.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nowellsmith:1967a,
  author = {P. Nowell-Smith},
  title = {Acts and Locutions},
  booktitle = {Art, Mind, and Religion},
  publisher = {University of Pittsburgh Press},
  year = {1967},
  editor = {W.H. Capitan and D.D. Merrill},
  pages = {11--28},
  address = {Pittsburgh},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  xref = {Reprinted; see nowell-smith:1960a2.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ noy-hafner:1997a,
  author = {Natalya Fridman Noy and Carole D. Hafner},
  title = {The State of the Art in Ontology Design: A Survey and
  	Comparative Review},
  journal = {{AI} Magazine},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {53--74},
  topic = {computational-ontology;}  
  } 

@book{ nozick:1993a,
  author = {Robert Nozick},
  title = {The Nature of Rationality},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  topic = {rationality;}  
 } 

@book{ nozick:1995a,
  author = {Robert Nozick},
  title = {The Nature of Rationality},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Princeton},
  topic = {rationality;}  
 } 

@book{ ntuen-park_eh:1996a,
  author = {Celestine A. Ntuen and Eui H. Park},
  title = {Human Interaction with Complex Systems: Conceptual
  	Principles and Design Practice},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Boston},
  ISBN = {0792397797},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ nuchelmans:1961a,
  author = {Gabriel Nuchelmans},
  title = {Austin's Term `Performative'\, } ,
  journal = {Algemmed Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte en
  	Psychologie},
  year = {1961},
  volume = {54},
  pages = {154--172},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ nudel:1983a,
  author = {Bernard Nudel},
  title = {Consistent-Labeling Problems and Their Algorithms:
  	Expected-Complexities and Theory-Based Heuristics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {135--178},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A new parameter is introduced to characterize a type of search
     problem of broad relevance in artificial intelligence,
     operations research and symbolic logic.  This parameter, which we
     call inter-variable compatibility, is particularly important in
     that complexity analyses incorporating it are able to capture
     the dependence of problem complexity on search order used by an
     algorithm.  Thus compatibility-based theories can provide a
     theoretical basis for the extraction of heuristics for choosing
     good search orderings -- a long-sought goal for such problems,
     since it can lead to significant savings during search.  We carry
     out expected-complexity analyses for the traditional backtrack
     algorithm as well as for two more recent algorithms that have
     been found empirically to be significant improvements: forward
     checking and word-wise forward checking.  We extract
     compatibility-based ordering-heuristics from the theory for
     forward checking.  Preliminary experimental results are presented
     showing the large savings that result from their use.  Similar
     savings can be expected for other algorithms when heuristics
     taking account of inter-variable compatibilities are used.  Our
     compatibility-based theories also provide a more precise way of
     predicting which algorithm is best for a given problem.  } ,
  topic = {AI-algorithms-analysis;complexity-in-AI;search;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nunberg:1975a,
  author = {Geoffrey Nunberg},
  title = {Validating Pragmatic Explanations},
  booktitle = {Formal Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Edward L. Keenan},
  pages = {199--222},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ nunberg:1978a,
  author = {Geoffrey Nunberg},
  title = {The Pragmatics of Reference},
  school = {City University of New York},
  year = {1978},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {New York, New York},
  topic = {reference;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ nunberg:1980a,
  author = {Geoffrey Nunberg},
  title = {The Non-Uniqueness of Semantic Solutions: Polysemy},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {143--184},
  topic = {ambiguity;nl-polysemy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nunberg:1981a,
  author = {Geoffrey Nunberg},
  title = {Validating Pragmatic Explanations},
  booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {199--222},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {pragmatics;foundations-of-pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ nunberg:1990a,
  author = {Geoffrey Nunberg},
  title = {The Linguistics of Punctuation},
  publisher = {Stanford University Press},
  year = {1990},
  number = {18},
  adress = {Stanford, California},
  series = {CSLI Lecture Notes},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
 } 

@article{ nunberg:1993a,
  author = {Geoffrey Nunberg},
  title = {Indexicals and Deixis},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--43},
  topic = {demonstratives;indexicals;}  
  } 

@article{ nunberg-etal:1994a,
  author = {Geoffrey Nunberg and Ivan A. Sag and Thomas Wasow},
  title = {Idioms},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {70},
  pages = {491--538},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {idioms;}  
  } 

@article{ nunberg:1995a1,
  author = {Geoffrey Nunberg},
  title = {Transfers of Meaning},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {109--132},
  xref = {Republication: nunberg:1995a2.},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;metonymy;semantic-coercion;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nunberg:1995a2,
  author = {Geoffrey Nunberg},
  title = {Transfers of Meaning},
  booktitle = {Lexical Semantics: The Problem of Polysemy},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky and Brian Boguraev},
  pages = {109--132},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Republication of nunberg:1995a1.},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;metonymy;semantic-coercion;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ nunberg-zaenan:1997a,
  author = {Geoffrey Nunberg and Annie Zaenan},
  title = {Systematic Polysemy in Lexicology and Lexicography {I}},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center,
  	1997.  Available at
	http://www.parc.xerox.com/istl/members/nunberg/.},
  topic = {polysemy;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nunberg:1998a,
  author = {Geoffrey Nunberg},
  title = {Indexicality and Reference},
  booktitle = {Pragmatics: Critical Concepts.  Volume {III}:
		Indexicals and Reference},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {145--184},
  address = {london},
  topic = {reference;indexicals;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ nute:1978a,
  author = {Donald Nute},
  title = {Moderate Permission},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University
  	of Georgia.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ nute:1978b,
  author = {Donald Nute},
  title = {Do Proper Names Always Rigidly Designate?},
  journal = {Canadian Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {475--484},
  topic = {semantics-of-proper-names;}  
  } 

@article{ nute:1979a,
  author = {Donald Nute},
  title = {Extensional Equivalence of Simple and General Utilitarian Principles},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {32--36},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
  } 

@article{ nute:1980a,
  author = {Donald Nute},
  title = {Conversational Scorekeeping and Conditionals},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {153--166},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ nute:1980b,
  editor = {Donald Nute},
  title = {Topics in Conditional Logic},
  publisher = {Reidel},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
 } 

@incollection{ nute:1980c,
  author = {Donald Nute},
  title = {Introduction (to {\it Topics in Conditional Logic})},
  booktitle = {Topics in Conditional Logic},
  publisher = {Reidel},
  year = {1980},
  editor = {Donald Nute},
  pages = {127--147},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ nute:1981a,
  author = {Donald Nute},
  title = {Causes, Laws, and Law Statements},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {48},
  pages = {347--369},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {causality;conditionals;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ nute:1981b,
  author = {Donald Nute},
  title = {Strong Permission},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University
  	of Georgia.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ nute:1981c,
  author = {Donald Nute},
  title = {Introduction},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  note = {Introduction to a special issue on conditionals.},
  pages = {127--147},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ nute:1983a,
  author = {Donald Nute},
  title = {Tense and Conditionals},
  year = {1983},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Georgia.},
  title = {Conditional Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}:
  	Extensions of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz G\"unthner},
  pages = {387--439},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ nute:1985a,
  author = {Donald Nute},
  title = {Permission},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {169--190},
  topic = {deontic-logic;permission;}  
  } 

@techreport{ nute:1985b,
  author = {Donald Nute},
  title = {A Non-Monotonic Logic Based on Conditional Logic},
  institution = {Advanced Computational Methods Center,
  	University of Georgia},
  number = {ACMC Research Report 01--0007},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Athens, Georgia},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;conditional-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nute:1988a,
  author = {Donald Nute},
  title = {Defeasible Reasoning: A Philosophical Analysis in Prolog},
  booktitle = {Aspects of Artificial Intelligence},
  editor = {J. Fetzer},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {251--288},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
    } 

@unpublished{ nute-etal:1989a,
  author = {Donald Nute and David Billington and Koen de Coster},
  title = {Defeasible Logic and Inheritance Hierarchies with
  	Exceptions},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Georgia.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ nute:1990a,
  author = {Donald Nute},
  title = {Topics in Conditional Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
 } 

@incollection{ nute:1990b,
  author = {Donald Nute},
  title = {Defeasible Logic and the Frame Problem},
  booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson},
  pages = {3--21},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {frame-problem;Yale-shooting-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ nute:1994a,
  author = {Donald Nute},
  title = {Defeasible Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence
   	         and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic
		 Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson},
  pages = {353--395},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ nute:1997a,
  editor = {Donald Nute},
  title = {Defeasible Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792346300},
  xref = {Reviews: vanderhoek:2000a, arlocosta:2001b.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ nute:1998a,
  author = {Donald Nute},
  title = {Norms, Priorities, and Defeasibility},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  pages = {201--218},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ nuyts-deschutter:1987a,
  editor = {Jan Nuyts and Georges de Schutter},
  title = {Getting One's Words into Line: On Word Order and Functional
    Grammar},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9067653497},
  topic = {word-order;functional-grammar;}  
} 

@book{ nuyts-verschueren:1987a,
  author = {Jan Nuyts and Jef Verschueren},
  title = {A Comprehensive Bibliography of Pragmatics},
  publisher = {J. Benjamins Pub. Co.},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {902722031X},
  topic = {pragmatics;bibliography;}  
} 

@book{ nuyts-etal:1990a,
  editor = {Jan Nuyts and A. Machtelt Bolkestein and Co Vet},
  title = {Layers and Levels of Representation in Language Theory: A
    Functional View},
  publisher = {J. Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {1556192797},
  topic = {functional-grammar;}  
} 

@book{ nuyts:1992a,
  author = {Jan Nuyts},
  title = {Aspects of a Cognitive-Pragmatic Theory of Language: On
    Cognition, Functionalism, and Grammar},
  publisher = {J. Benjamins},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {1556192886},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
} 

@book{ nuyts-pederson:1997a,
  editor = {Jan Nuyts and Eric Pederson},
  title = {Language and Conceptualization},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {0521553032},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;}  
} 

@book{ nye:1998a,
  editor = {Andrea Nye},
  title = {Philosophy of Language: The Big Questions},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@article{ oakes_c:1999a,
  author = {Colin Oakes},
  title = {Interpretations of Intuitionist Logic in Non-Normal
  	Modal Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--60},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ oakes_mp:1998a,
  author = {Michael P. Oakes},
  title = {Statistics for Corpus Linguistics},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;statistics;}  
 } 

@book{ oakhill-garnham:1992a,
  editor = {Jane Oakhill and Alan Garnham},
  title = {Discourse Representation and Text Processing},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {086377900X},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;nl-processing;}  
 } 

@book{ oakhill-garnham:1996a,
  editor = {Jane Oakhill and Alan Garnham},
  title = {Mental Models in Cognitive Science:  Essays in Honor
  	of Phil Johnson-Laird},
  publisher = {Psychology Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Hove, England},
  ISBN = {0863774482},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ oates-cohen_pr:1996a,
  author = {Tim Oates and Paul R. Cohen},
  title = {Searching for Planning Operators with Context-Dependent
	and Probabilistic Effects},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {865--868},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {planning;nondeterministic-action;}  
  } 

@article{ oatley-johnsonlaird:1987a,
  author = {Keith Oatley and P. N. Johnson-Laird},
  title = {Towards a Cognitive Theory of Emotions},
  journal = {Cognition and Emotion},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--50},
  year = {1987},
  topic = {emotion;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ oberlander-dale:1991a,
  author = {Jon Oberlander and Robert Dale},
  title = {Generating Expressions Referring to Eventualities},
  year = {1991},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Cognitive Science},
  topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ oberlander-lascarides:1991a,
  author = {Jon Oberlander and Alex Lascarides},
  title = {Discourse Generation, Temporal Constraints and
		Defeasible Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the
     {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Discourse Structure in Interpretation and
     Generation},
  year = {1991},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-relations;nm-ling;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ oberlander-lascarides:1992a,
  author = {Jon Oberlander and Alex Lascarides},
  title = {Preventing False Temporal Implicatures: Interactive
	Defaults for Text Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of {COLING92}},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {721--727},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {nl-generation;implicature;pragmatics;temporal-reasoning;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@article{ oberlander:1993a,
  author = {Jon Oberlander},
  title = {Review of {\it Intentions in Communication}, edited by
  	{P}hilip {R}. {C}ohen, {J}erry {M}organ and {M}artha {E}.
	{P}ollack},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {511--520},
  xref = {Review of cohen_pr2-etal:1990a.},
  topic = {pragmatics;nl-understanding;}  
  } 

@article{ oberlander:1998a,
  author = {Jon oberlander},
  title = {Do the Right Thing $\ldots$ but Expect the Unexpected},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {501--509},
  topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;} 
  } 

@article{ oberlander-etal:1999a,
  author = {Jon Oberlander and P. Monaghan and R. Cox and
  	Keith Stenning and R. Tobin},
  title = {Unnatural Language Processing},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {363--384},
  topic = {reasoning-with-diagrams;}  
  } 

@incollection{ obrst-jha:1997a,
  author = {Leo Obrst and Krishna Jha},
  title = {{NLP} and Industry: Transfer and
     		Reuse of Technologies},
  booktitle = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making
  	{NLP} Work in Practice},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {57--63},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nlp-technology;software-engineering;}  
  } 

@article{ occonnell-etal:1990a,
  author = {Daniel C. O'Connell and Sabine Kowal and and Erika
        Kaltenbacher},
  title = {Turn-Taking: A Critical Analysis of the Research
	Tradition},
  journal = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research},
  volume = {19},
  number = {6},
  pages = {345--373},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {sociolinguistics;conversation-analysis;turn-taking;}  
  } 

@article{ ochs_e:1976a,
  author = {Eleanor Ochs Keenan},
  title = {The Universality of Conversational Implicature},
  journal = {Language in Society},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {67--80},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;cooperative-principle;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ochs_e-schieffelin:1976a,
  author = {Eleanor Ochs Keenan and Bambi B. Schieffelin},
  title = {Topic as a Discourse Notion},
  booktitle = {Subject and Topic},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {C.N. Li},
  address = {New York},
  pages = {337--384},
  topic = {d-topic;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ochs_e:1979a,
  author = {Eleanor Ochs},
  title = {Transcription as Theory},
  booktitle = {Developmental Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Eleanor Ochs and B.B. Schieffelin},
  pages = {43--72},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {discourse;transcription-methodology;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ ochs_e-schieffelin:1979a,
  editor = {Eleanor Ochs and B.B. Schieffelin},
  title = {Developmental Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {pragmatics;psycholinguistics;L1-acquisition;}  
 } 

@article{ ochs_w:1977a,
  author = {W. Ochs},
  title = {On the Strong Law of Large Numbers in Quantum Probability
  	Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {473--480},
  topic = {quantum-logic;probability;}  
  } 

@article{ ockenfels-roth_ae:2002a,
  author = {Axel Ockenfels and Alvin E. Roth},
  title = {The Timing of Bids in Internet Auctions: Market Design,
  	Bidder Behavior, and Artificial Agents},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {79--87},
  topic = {auction-protocols;behavioral-economics;} 
  } 

@article{ oconnell-kowal:1986a,
  author = {Daniel C. O'Connell and Sabine H. Kowal},
  title = {Use of Punctuation for Pausing---Oral Readings by
		  {G}erman Radio Homilists},
  journal = {Psychological Research},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {48},
  number = {2},
  pages = {93--98},
  topic = {punctuation;German-language;}  
 } 

@article{ oconner_dj:1960a,
  author = {D.J. O'Conner},
  title = {Possibility and Choice},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society, Supplementary Volume},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {34},
  pages = {1--24},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {action;freedom;ability;}  
  } 

@book{ oconner_jd-arnold:1973a,
  author = {J.D. O'Conner},
  title = {Intonation of Colloquial {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1973},
  address = {London},
  edition = {Second},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {intonation;intonation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ oconner_t:2000a,
  author = {Timothy O'Conner},
  title = {Causality, Mind, and Free Will},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {105--117},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ oddie:1996a,
  author = {Graham Oddie},
  title = {The Consequences of Action},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {273--299},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {action;consequentialism;branching-time;}  
  } 

@article{ odegard:1965a,
  author = {Douglas Odegard},
  title = {Excluding the Middle from Loose Concepts},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {31},
  number = {2},
  pages = {139--145},
  topic = {vagueness;excluded-middle;}  
  } 

@book{ odifreddi:1989a,
  author = {Piergiorgio Odifreddi},
  title = {Classical Recursion Theory: the Theory of Functions and
  	Sets of Natural Numbers},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {computability;}  
 } 

@book{ odifreddi:1990a,
  editor = {Piergiorgio Odifreddi},
  title = {Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0125242204},
  topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ odifreddi:1997a,
  author = {Piergiorgio Odifreddi},
  title = {Review of `Shadows of the Mind:  A Search for the Missing
  	Science of Consciousness', by {R}oger {P}enrose},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {62},
  number = {2},
  pages = {673--675},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;goedels-first-theorem;
  	goedels-second-theorem;}  
  } 

@book{ odifreddi:1999a,
  author = {Piergiorgio Odifreddi},
  title = {Classical Recursion Theory},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {044450205X},
  topic = {recursion-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ odifreddi:1999b,
  author = {Piergiorgio Odifreddi},
  title = {Classical Recursion Theory. Volume 2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {044450205X},
  topic = {recursion-theory;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ oehrle:1985a,
  author = {Richard T. Oehrle},
  title = {Lecture Notes: Prosody, Information and Grammatical
	  Architecture},
  year = {1995},
  organization = {7th European Summer School in Logic, Language and
	  Information, Barcelona, Spain},
  topic = {punctuation;prosody;}  
 } 

@book{ oehrle-etal:1988a,
  editor = {Richard T. Oehrle and Emmon Bach and Deirdre Wheeler},
  title = {Categorial Grammars and Natural Language Structures},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {1556080301},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ oehrle:1994a,
  author = {Richard T. Oehrle},
  title = {Term-Labeled Categorial Type Systems},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {6},
  pages = {633--678},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ oepen-etal:1997a,
  author = {Stephen Oepen and Klaus Netter and Judith Klein},
  title = {Test Suites for Natural Language Processing},
  booktitle = {Linguistic Databases},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {John Nerbonne},
  pages = {13--36},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;nlp-evaluation;}  
  } 

@techreport{ oettinger:1965a,
  author = {Anthony G. Oettinger},
  title = {Mathematical Linguistics and Automatic Translation},
  institution = {The Computation Laboratory of Harvard University},
  number = {NSF--16},
  year = {1965},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {machine-translation;}  
  } 

@article{ oflazer:1996a,
  author = {Kemal Oflazer},
  title = {Error-Tolerant Finite-State Recognition with Applications
  	to Morphological Analysis and Spelling Correction},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {73--89},
  topic = {finite-state-morpology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ oflazer-tur:1996a,
  author = {Kemal Oflazer and Gokhan Tur},
  title = {Combining Hand-Crafted Rules and
			Unsupervised Learning in Constraint-Based Morphological
			Disambiguation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {69--81},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {disambiguation;morphology;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ oflazer-tur:1997a,
  author = {Kemal Oflazer and G\"okhan T\"ur},
  title = {Morphological Disambiguation by Voting Constraints},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {222--229},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {morphological-disambiguation;Turkish-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ oflazer-tur:1998a,
  author = {Kemal Oflazer and G\"okhan T\"ur},
  title = {Implementing Voting Constraints with Finite State
  	Transducers},
  booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State
  	Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Lauri Karttunen},
  pages = {91--100},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;finite-state-nlp;finite-state-automata;}  
  } 

@article{ oflazer-etal:2001a,
  author = {Kemal Oflazer and Sergei Nirenberg andd Marjorie McShane},
  title = {Bootstrapping Morphological Analyzers by Combining Human
  	Elicitation and Maching Learning},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {59--84},
  topic = {finite-state-morpology;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ ofstad:1961a,
  author = {Harald Ofstad},
  title = {The Functions of Moral Philosophy: A Plea For an
  	Integration of Philosophical Analysis and Empirical
	Research},
  publisher = {Oslo University Press},
  year = {1961},
  address = {Oslo},
  ISBN = {9122012982 (pbk.)},
  topic = {ethics;ethics-and-sociology;}  
 } 

@article{ ofstad:1967a,
  author = {Harold Ofstad},
  title = {Recent Work on the Free Will Problem},
  journal = {American Philosophy Quarterly},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {179--202},
  contentnote = {Contains an extensive bibliography},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {freedon;(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@book{ ofstad:1989a,
  author = {Harald Ofstad},
  title = {Our Contempt For Weakness {N}azi Norms and Values--And
  	Our Own},
  publisher = {Almqvist and Wiksell},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Gothenburg},
  ISBN = {9122012982 (pbk.)},
  topic = {ethics-and-sociology;}  
 } 

@book{ ofsted:1961b,
  author = {Harald Ofsted},
  title = {An Inquiry into the Freedom of Decision},
  publisher = {G. Allen Unwin},
  year = {1961},
  address = {Oslo},
  ISBN = {9122012982 (pbk.)},
  topic = {freedom;ethics-and-sociology;}  
 } 

@book{ ogden-richards_ia:1923a1,
  author = {C.K. Ogden and I.A. Richards},
  title = {The Meaning of Meaning},
  edition = {1},
  publisher = {Routledge \& Kegan Paul},
  year = {1923},
  address = {London},
  topic = {semiotics;cultural-anthropology;context;}  
 } 

@book{ ogden-richards_ia:1923a2,
  author = {C.K. Ogden and I.A. Richards},
  title = {The Meaning of Meaning},
  edition = {10},
  publisher = {Routledge \& Kegan Paul},
  year = {1966},
  address = {London},
  topic = {semiotics;cultural-anthropology;context;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ ogihara:1994a,
  author = {Toshiyuki Ogihara},
  title = {Adverbs of Quantification and Sequence-of-Tense
		Phenomena},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{IV}},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann},
  pages = {251--267},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-tense;adverbs;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ ogihara:1995a,
  author = {Toshiyuki Ogihara},
  title = {Double-Access Sentences and Reference to States},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {177--210},
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ogihara:1995b,
  author = {Toshiyuki Ogihara},
  title = {Non-Factual {\em Before} and Adverbs of Quantification},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {273--291},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;adverbs;}  
  } 

@article{ ogihara:1995c,
  author = {Toshiyuki Ogihara},
  title = {The Semantics of Tense in Embedded Clauses},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {26},
  number = {4},
  pages = {663--662},
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@article{ ogorman:1978a,
  author = {Frank O'Gorman},
  title = {Edge Detection Using {W}alsh Functions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {215--223},
  topic = {edge-detection;}  
  } 

@article{ oh:1977a,
  author = {ChoonKyo Oh},
  title = {The So-Called Bach-Peters Paradox Explained Away},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {197--207},
  topic = {Bach-Peters-sentences;}  
  } 

@book{ oh-dineen:1979a,
  editor = {ChoonKyo Oh and David A. Dineen},
  title = {Syntax and Semantics 11: Presupposition},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ ohair:1967a,
  author = {S.G. O'Hair},
  title = {Performatives and Sentences Verifiable by Their Use},
  journal = {Synthese},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {17},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number, pages},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ohara-etal:1998a,
  author = {Tom O'Hara and Kavi Mahesh and Sergei Nirenburg},
  title = {Lexical Acquisition with {W}ord{N}et and the Mikrokosmos
  	Ontology},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {94--101},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  url =
    {http://www.ai.sri.com/\user{}harabagi/coling-acl98/acl_work/ohara.ps.gz},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;word-acquisition;
  	computational-ontology;}  
  } 

@article{ ohlbach-koehler:1999a,
  author = {Hans J\"urgen Ohlbach and Jana Koehler},
  title = {Modal Logics, Description Logics and Arithmetic
  	Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {109},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--31},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We introduce mathematical programming and atomic decomposition
     as the basic modal (T-Box) inference techniques for a large
     class of modal and description logics.  The class of description
     logics suitable for the proposed methods is strong on the
     arithmetical side.  In particular there may be complex
     arithmetical conditions on sets of accessible worlds (role
     fillers).
      The atomic decomposition technique can deal with set
     constructors for modal parameters (role terms) and parameter
     (role) hierarchies specified in full propositional logic.
     Besides the standard modal operators, a number of other
     constructors can be added in a relatively straightforward way.
     Examples are graded modalities (qualified number restrictions)
     and also generalized quantifiers like ``most'', ``n%'', ``more'' and
     ``many''.
 } ,
  topic = {modal-logic;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ ohlsson:1973a,
  author = {Ragnar Ohlsson},
  title = {Who Can Accept Moral Dilemmas?},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {70},
  number = {8},
  pages = {405--415},
  topic = {moral-conflict;}  
  } 

@book{ ohrstrom-hasle:1995a,
  author = {Peter {\O}hrstr{\o}m and Per F.V. Hasle},
  title = {Temporal Logic: From Ancient Ideas To Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792335864 (hb)},
  topic = {temporal-logic;logic-in-AI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ohrstrom-flo:1996a,
  author = {Peter {\O}hrstrom and Olav Flo},
  title = {Bibliography of {P}rior's
       		Philosophical Writings},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {519--532},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {Prior;}  
  } 

@article{ ohsawa-ishizuka:1997a,
  author = {Yukio Ohsawa and Mitsuru Ishizuka},
  title = {Networked Bubble Propagation: A Polynomial-Time
  	Hypothetical Reasoning Method for Computing Near-Optimal
	Solutions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {91},
  number = {1},
  pages = {131--154},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Hypothetical reasoning (abduction) is an important knowledge
     processing framework because of its theoretical basis and its
     usefulness for solving practical problems including diagnosis,
     design, etc.  In many cases, the most probable hypotheses set for
     diagnosis or the least expensive one for design is desirable.
     Cost-based abduction, where a numerical weight is assigned to
     each hypothesis and an optimal solution hypotheses set with
     minimal sum of element hypotheses' weights is searched, deals
     with such problems.  However, slow inference speed is its
     crucial problem: cost-based abduction is NP-complete.  In order
     to achieve a tractable inference of cost-based abduction, we aim
     at obtaining a nearly, rather than exactly, optimal solution.
     For this approach, an approximate solution method exploited in
     mathematical programming is quite beneficial.  On the other hand,
     from the standpoint of knowledge processing, it is also
     important to realize inference on a network which reflects
     knowledge structure.  Knowledge structure is a fruitful
     information for an efficient inference.  In this paper, we
     propose an inference method which works on a knowledge network,
     based on a mechanism similar to the pivot and complement method,
     an efficient approximate 0-1 integer programming method to find
     a near-optimal solution within a polynomial time of O(N4), where
     N is the number of variables or hypotheses.  We reformalize this
     method by a new type of network on which inference is executed
     by propagating bubbles.  This method achieves an inference time
     of O(N2) by executing each bubble propagation within a small
     sub-network, i.e., by taking advantage of the knowledge
     structure.
  } ,
  topic = {abduction;hypothetical-reasoning;graph-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ oishi-matsumoto:1997a,
  author = {Akira Oishi and Yuji Matsumoto},
  title = {Automatic Extraction of Aspectual Information
  	from a Monolingual Corpus},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {352--359},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;tense-aspect;}  
 } 

@article{ ojeda:1988a,
  author = {Almerindo E. Ojeda},
  title = {A Linear Precedence Account of Cross-Serial
  		Dependencies},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {457--492},
  topic = {nl-syntax;context-free-grammars;}  
  } 

@article{ ojeda:1991a,
  author = {Almerindo E. Ojeda},
  title = {Definite Descriptions and Definite Generics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {367--397},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;generics;}  
  } 

@article{ ojeda:1998a,
  author = {Almerindo Ojeda},
  title = {The Semantics of Collectives and Distributives in
  	{P}apago},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {245--270},
  topic = {distributive/collective-readings;plural;Uto-Aztecan-language;}  
  } 

@book{ ojedaaciego-etal:2000a,
  editor = {M. Ojeda-Aciego and I.P.de Guzman and Gerhardt Brewka and
  	Lu\'is Moniz Pereira},
  title = {Proceedings of {JELIA} 2000: Logics in {AI}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-540-41131-3},
  contentnote = {Blurb:
     This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the European
     Workshop on Logics in Artificial Intelligence, JELIA 2000, held
     in Malaga, Spain in September/October 2000. The 24 revised full
     papers presented together with three invited papers were
     carefully reviewed and selected out of 60 submissions. The
     papers are organized in topical sections on knowledge
     representation, reasoning about actions, belief revision,
     theorem proving, argumentation, agents, decidability and
     complexity, updates, and preferences.
  } ,
  topic = {logic-in-AI;}  
 } 

@article{ okada-terui:1999a,
  author = {Mitsuhiro Okada and Kazushige Terui},
  title = {The Finite Model Property for Various Fragments
  	of Intuitionistic Linear Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {64},
  number = {2},
  pages = {790--802},
  topic = {finite-model-property;intuitionistic-logic;
  	linear-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ okashawa:2002a,
  author = {Samir Okashawa},
  title = {Genetic Relatedness and the Evolution of Altruism},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1},
  pages = {138--137},
  topic = {philosophy-of-biology;evolution;} 
  } 

@techreport{ olawsky:1989a,
  author = {Duane E. Olawsky},
  title = {The Lexical Semantics of Comparative Expressions in a
  	Multi-Level Semantic Processor},
  institution = {University of Minnesota, Institute of
    Technology, Computer Science Dept.},
  number = {TR-89-19},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
    Comparative expressions (CEs) such as
    ``bigger than'' and ``more oranges than'' are highly
    ambiguous, and their meaning is context dependent.  Thus, they pose
    problems for the semantic interpretation algorithms typically used
    in natural language database interfaces.  We focus on the comparison
    attribute ambiguities that occur with CEs.  To resolve these
    ambiguitites our natural language interface interacts with the user,
    finding out which of the possible interpretations was intended.  Our
    multi-level semantic processor facilitates this interaction by
    recognizing the occurrence of comparison attribute ambiguity and by
    calculating and presenting a list of candidate comparison attributes
    from which the user may choose.  The effects of simple standing
    orders on this attribute selection process are also
    considered.   } ,
  topic = {comparative-constructions;ellipsis;nl-interpretation;}  
 } 

@article{ olbach:1998a,
  author = {Hans J\"urgen Olbach},
  title = {Review of {\em Extensions of First-Order Logic},
	by {M}aria {M}anzano},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {389--391},
  xref = {Review of manzano:1995a.},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;modal-logic;temporal-logic;
  	dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ olbach-kohler:1998a,
  author = {Hans J\"urgen Olbach and Jana Koehler},
  title = {How to Augment a Formal
	System with a {B}oolean Algebra Component},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {III}, Applications},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ olbach-koehler:1999a,
  author = {Hans J\"urgen Olbach and Jana Koehler},
  title = {Modal Logics, Description Logics and Arithmetic
		Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {109},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--31},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ olearyhawthorne-oppy:1997a,
  author = {John O'Leary-Hawthorne and Graham Oppy},
  title = {Minimalism and Truth},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {31},
  number = {2},
  pages = {170--196},
  contentnote = {Minimalist theories of truth are reductionist theories.},
  topic = {truth;}  
  } 

@incollection{ olearyhawthorne-mcdonough:1998a,
  author = {John O'Leary-Hawthorne and Jeffrey K. McDonough},
  title = {Numbers, Minds, and Bodies: A Fresh Look at Mind-Body
		Dualism},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {349--371},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;selectional-restrictions;}  
  } 

@article{ olin:1978a,
  author = {Philip Olin},
  title = {Urn Models and Categoricity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {331--345},
  topic = {urn-models;model-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ oliver-smith_jq:1990a,
  editor = {Robert M. Oliver and J.Q. Smith},
  title = {Influence Diagrams, Belief Nets, and Decision Analysis},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons, Inc.},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0471923818},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;probabilistic-reasoning;decision-analysis;
		decision-theoretic-reasoning;influence-diagrams;}  
 } 

@article{ oliver_a:1998a,
  author = {Alex Oliver},
  title = {Review of {\it {A} World of States of Affairs}, by {D}.{M}.
  	{A}rmstrong},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {95},
  number = {10},
  pages = {535--539},
  xref = {Review of: armstrong_dm:1997a.},
  topic = {metaphysics;philosophical-realism;property-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ olivetti-terracini:1992a,
  author = {Nicola Olivetti and Lea Terracini},
  title = {{N}-Prolog and Equivalence of Logic Programs: Part {I}},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {253--340},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ olsen_c:1967a,
  author = {Christopher Olsen},
  title = {Austin's Worries about `I State That $\ldots$'\, } ,
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {76},
  pages = {111--114},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ olsen_e:1997a,
  author = {Eric T. Olsen},
  title = {Dion's Foot},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {9},
  pages = {260--265},
  topic = {individuation;personal-identity;}  
  } 

@book{ olson_m:1971a,
  author = {Mancur Olson},
  title = {The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the
  	Theory of Groups},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0674537505},
  topic = {group-action;macroeconomics;group-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ olson_m:1982a,
  author = {Mancur Olson},
  title = {The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth,
  	Stagflation, and Social Rigidities},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1982},
  address = {New Haven},
  ISBN = {0300023073},
  topic = {political-economy;civilization;}  
 } 

@article{ olsson_ej:1998a,
  author = {Erik J. Olsson},
  title = {Making Beliefs Coherent: The Subtraction
		and Addition Strategies},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {143--163},
  topic = {belief-revision;coherence;}  
  } 

@article{ olsson_r:1995a,
  author = {Roland Olsson},
  title = {Inductive Functional Programming Using Incremental Program
  	Transformation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {74},
  number = {1},
  pages = {55--81},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The paper presents a system, ADATE, for automatic functional
     programming.  ADATE uses specifications that contain few
     constraints on the programs to be synthesized and that allow a
     wide range of correct programs.  ADATE can generate novel and
     unexpected recursive programs with automatic invention of
     recursive auxiliary functions.  Successively better programs are
     developed using incremental program transformations.  A key to
     the success of ADATE is the exact design of these
     transformations and how to systematically search for appropriate
     transformation sequences.  } ,
  topic = {automatic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ oneill-mctear:1997b,
  author = {Ian M. O'Neill and Michael F. McTear},
  title = {An Object-Oriented
		Model for the Design of Cross-Domain Dialogue
		Systems},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {25--28 } ,
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;nlp-evaluation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ oneill-johnson:1999a,
  author = {Eamonn O'Neill and Peter Johnson},
  title = {Task Knowledge Structures and the Design of Collaborative
  	Systems},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {81--84},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ onn-tennenholtz:1997a,
  author = {Shmuel Onn and Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {Determination of Social Laws for Multi-Agent Mobilization},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {95},
  number = {1},
  pages = {155--167},
  topic = {distributed-systems;artificial-societies;artificial-societies;}  
  } 

@incollection{ onologi-etal:1998a,
  author = {Maurizio Onologi and Piergiorgio Svaizer and Renato de
		Mori},
  title = {Acoustic Transduction},
  booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Renato de Mori},
  pages = {23--67},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {speech-recognition;acoustic-transducers;}  
  } 

@book{ ooi:1998a,
  author = {Vincent B.Y. Ooi},
  title = {Computer Corpus Lexicography},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  ISBN = {0748609962},
  topic = {computer-assisted-lelxicography;computer-assisted-linguistics;
  	corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ ooi:1999a,
  author = {Vincent B.Y. Ooi},
  title = {Review of {\em An Introduction to Corpus
		Linguistics}, by {G}raeme {K}ennedy},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {299--301},
  xref = {Review of: kennedy_g:1998a.},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ oppel:1991a,
  author = {Ulrich G. Oppel},
  title = {Every Complex System Can be Determined by a Causal Probabilistic
  	Network without Cycles and Every such Network Determines a {M}arkov
	Field},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {262--266},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {causal-graphs;}  
  } 

@book{ ordine:1996a,
  author = {Nuccio Ordine},
  title = {Giordano {B}runo and the Philosophy of the Ass},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {New Haven, Connecticut},
  topic = {renaissance-philosophy;}  
 } 

@article{ orey:1956a,
  author = {Stephen Orey},
  title = {On $\omega$-Consistency and Related Properties},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1956},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {246--252},
  topic = {omega-consistency|completeness;}  
  } 

@article{ orilia:2000a,
  author = {Francesco Orilia},
  title = {Property Theory and the Revision Theory of Definition},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {1},
  pages = {212--246},
  topic = {untyped-lambda-calculus;property-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ orilia:2000b,
  author = {Francesco Orilia},
  title = {Meaning and Circular Definitions},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {2},
  pages = {155--169},
  topic = {definitions;}  
  } 

@article{ orlowska:1989a,
  author = {Ewa Orlawska},
  title = {Logic for Reasoning about Knowledge},
  journal = {Zeitschrift f\"{u}r Mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der
 	Mathematik},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {559--572},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ orlowska:1996a,
  author = {Ewa Orlowska},
  title = {Relational Environment for Semigroup Logics},
  booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in
  	Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott},
  pages = {351--391},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {model-theory;semigroups;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ ortiz:1997b,
  author = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  title = {Causal Pathways of Rational Action},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Division of Engineering and
		Applied Sciences, Harvard University},
  url = {http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/\user{}ortiz/papers.html},
  topic = {causality;action;action-explanation;conditionals;agent-modeling;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ ortiz:1997c,
  author = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  title = {The Semantics of Event Prevention},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Division of Engineering and
		Applied Sciences, Harvard University},
  url = {http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/\user{}ortiz/papers.html},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;events;action;prevention;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ ortiz:1998a,
  author = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  title = {Introspective and Elaborative Processes in Rational
		Agents},
  year = {1998},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Division of Engineering and
		Applied Sciences, Harvard University.},
  url = {http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/\user{}ortiz/papers.html},
  topic = {agent-architectures;agent-attitudes;}  
  } 

@book{ ortiz:1998b,
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  title = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {causality;temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms;
	nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
 } 

@book{ ortiz:1998c,
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  title = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. John Bell, "Causation, Conditionals and Common
     		Sense",  pp. 1--11
     2. Kenneth D. Forbus, "Causal Reasoning in Common Sense
     		Physics---Global Theories or Local
		Bootstraps?", pp. 12
     3. Antonis Kakas and Rob Miller, "Reasoning about Actions,
     		Events, and Causality", pp. 13--23
     4. Han van Leijen and Marek J. Druzdel, "Reversible
     		Causal Mechanisms in {B}ayesian Networks", pp. 24--30
     5. Vladimir Lifschitz, "Situation Calculus and Causal
     		Logic", pp. 31--37
     6. Fangzhen Lin, "On the Relationships between Static and
     		Dynamic Causal Rules in the Situation
		Calculus", pp. 38--43
     7. John McCarthy and Tom Costello, "Useful Counterfactuals and
     		Approximate Theories", pp. 44--51
     8. John McCarthy, "Approximate Theories Involving
     		Causality",  p. 52
     9. Leora Morgenstern, "Hypothetical Reasoning, Prediction, and
     		Planning in a Relativized-Branching-Time
		Ontology", p. 53
    10. Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}, "Applications of Counterfactuals to
    		Causal Reasoning", pp. 54
    11. Judea Pearl, "Actions, Causes, and Counterfactuals: Lessons
    		from Mechanism-Based Theories", pp. 55
    12. Sanjay Poria and Roberto Garigliano, "Factors in Causal
    		Explanation", pp. 56--64
    13. James M. Robins, "Marginal Structural Models versus
    		Structural Nested Models as Tools for Causal
		Inference", pp. 65--83
    14. Richard B. Scherl and Glenn Shafer, "A Logic for
    		Causality",  pp. 84--93
    15. Eugenia Ternovskaia, "Causality via Inductive
    		Definition", pp. 94--100
    16. Michael Thielscher, "Towards a Logic for Causal
    		Reasoning", pp. 101--106
    17. Richmond H. Thomason, "Conditionals, Time, and Causal
    		Independence", pp. 107--113
  } ,
  topic = {causality;temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms;
	nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ ortiz:1998d,
  author = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  title = {Applications of Counterfactuals to
    	Causal Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  year = {1998},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  pages = {54},
  note = {Abstract.},
  topic = {causality;conditionals;}  
 } 

@article{ ortiz:1999a,
  author = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  title = {Explanatory Update Theory: Applications of
  	Counterfactual Reasoning to Causation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {108},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {125--178},
  topic = {counterfactuals;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ ortiz:1999b,
  author = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  title = {A Commonsense Language for Reasoning about Causation and
		Rational Action},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {111},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {73--169},
  topic = {causality;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@book{ ortony:1979a,
  editor = {Andrew Ortony},
  title = {Metaphor and Thought},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {0521227275, 0521296269 (pbk.)},
  topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ ortony-etal:1985a,
  author = {Andrew Ortony and Terence J. Turner and Nancy
  	Larson-Shapiro},
  title = {Cultural and Instructional Influences on Figurative Language
  	Comprehension by Inner City Children},
  publisher = {Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {metaphor;sociolinguistics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ ortony-etal:1988a,
  author = {Andrew Ortony and Gerald L. Clore and Allan Collins},
  title = {The Cognitive Structure of Emotions},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521353645},
  xref = {Review: arbib:1992a.},
  topic = {emotion;cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ ortony-turner:1990a,
  author = {Andrew Ortony and Terence J. Turner},
  title = {What's Basic about Basic Emotions?},
  journal = {Psychological Review},
  volume = {97},
  number = {3},
  pages = {315--331},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {emotion;}  
  } 

@book{ ortony:1993a,
  editor = {Andrew Ortony},
  title = {Metaphor and Thought},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge},
  topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ osborn:1965a,
  author = {Jane M. Osborn},
  title = {Austin's Non-Conditional Ifs},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {63},
  pages = {711--715},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {JL-Austin;conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ osborne_m-briscoe:1998a,
  author = {Miles Osborne and Ted Briscoe},
  title = {Learning Stochastic Categorial Grammars},
  booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {T. Mark Ellison},
  pages = {80--87},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;grammar-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ osborne_m:2000a,
  author = {Miles Osborne},
  title = {Shallow Parsing as Part-of-Speech Tagging},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {145--147},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;text-chunking;text-skimming;
  	part-of-speech-tagging;}  
  } 

@book{ osborne_mj-rubenstein:1994a,
  author = {Martin J. Osborne and Ariel Rubenstein},
  title = {A Course in Game Theory},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  contentnote = {Chapter 5 contains an account of knowledge and
  	common knowledge in game theory.},
  topic = {game-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ osbourn:1965a,
  author = {Jane M. Osbourn},
  title = {Austin's Non-Conditional},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {23},
  pages = {711--715},
  topic = {ability;conditionals;freedom;}  
  } 

@article{ osgood:1952a,
  author = {Charles E. Osgood},
  title = {The Nature and Measurement of Meaning},
  journal = {THe Pyschological Bulletin},
  year = {1952},
  volume = {49},
  pages = {197--237},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-semantics;psycholinguistics;psychometrics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ osgood:1971a,
  author = {Charles E. Osgood},
  title = {Where Do Sentences Come From?},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {497--529},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {presupposition;nl-production;} 
  } 

@incollection{ oshaughnessy:1986a,
  author = {Brian O'Shaughnessy},
  title = {Consciousness},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {49--62},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {consciousness;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@book{ oshaughnessy:1987a,
  author = {Douglas O'Shaughnessy},
  title = {Speech Communication: Human and Machine},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201165201},
  topic = {speech-generation;speech-recognition;}  
 } 

@article{ oshaughnessy:1998a,
  author = {Douglas O'Shaughnessy},
  title = {Review of {\it Multilingual Text-to-Speech
		Synthesis: The {B}ell Labs Approach}, edited by
		{R}ichard {S}proat},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {656--662},
  topic = {speech-generation;}  
  } 

@article{ osherson-weinstein:1975a,
  author = {Daniel Osherson and Scott Weinstein},
  title = {On the Danger of Half-Truths},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {85--115},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;approximate-truth;}  
  } 

@article{ osherson-weinstein:1986a,
  author = {Daniel N. Osherson and Scott Weinstein},
  title = {Identification in the Limit of First Order Structures},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {55--81},
  topic = {learning-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ osherson-weinstein:1989a,
  author = {Daniel M. Osherson and Scott Weinstein},
  title = {Paradigms of Truth Detection},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--42},
  topic = {induction;scientific-discovery;}  
  } 

@book{ osherson-lasnik:1990a,
 editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
 title = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science.  Volume 1: Language},
 publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
 year = {1990},
 address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
 topic = {psycholinguistics;nl-semantics;parsing-psychology;
    syntax;phonology;}  
 } 

@book{ osherson-lasnik:1990b,
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  title = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science.  Volume
  	2: Visual Cognition and Action},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	S. Kosslyn, Visual Cognition: Introduction.
  	A. Yuille and S. Ullman, Computational Theories of Low-Level Vision.
	I. Biederman, Higher-Level Vision.
	S. Kosslyn, Mental Imagery.
	E. Spelke,  Origins of Visual Knowledge.
	F. Dretske, Seeing, Believing, and Knowing.
	J. Hollerbach, Action: Introduction.
	J. Hollerbach, Fundamentals of Motor Behavior.
	J. Hollerbach, Planning of Arm Movements.
	E. Bizzi and F.A. Mussa-Ivaldi, Muscle Properties and the Control of Arm Movements.
	H. Galiana, Oculomotor Control.
	C. Wright, Controlling Sequential Motor Activity.
	Alvin Goldman, Action and Free Will.
  } ,
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;human-vision;motor-skills;}  
 } 

@article{ osherson-weinstein:1993a,
  author = {Daniel N. Osherson and Scott Weinstein},
  title = {Relevant Consequence and Empirical Inquiry},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {4},
  pages = {437--448},
  contentnote = {Argues that relevance logic is flawed as a foundation
		for inquiry.},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ osherson-weinstein:1996a,
  author = {Daniel Osherson and Scott Weinstein},
  title = {On the Danger of Half Truths},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {85--115},
  topic = {% approximate-truth;}  
  } 

@incollection{ osswald:1999a,
  author = {Ranier Osswald},
  title = {Semantics for Attribute-Value Theories},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {199--204},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {feature-structure-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ ostering:1998a,
  editor = {Gary Ostering},
  title = {Definite Descriptions: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: kroon:2000a.},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;}  
 } 

@book{ ostertag:1998a,
  title = {Definite Descriptions: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Gary Ostertag},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@book{ ostler:1980a,
  author = {Nicholas Ostler},
  title = {A Theory of Case Linking and Agreement},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {nl-case;nl-agreement;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ otero-cabalar:1999a,
  author = {Ram\'on Otero Pedro Cabalar},
  title = {Pertinence and Causality},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
	Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Michael Thielscher},
  pages = {111--119},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {action-formalisms;causality;frame-problem;
		ramification-problem;}  
  } 

@article{ otte-nagel:1995a,
  author = {Michael Otte and Hans-Hellmut Nagel},
  title = {Estimation of Optical Flow Based on Higher-Order
  	Spatiotemporal Derivatives in Interlaced and Non-Interlaced Image
	Sequences},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {78},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {5--43},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This contributioninvestigates local differential techniques for
     estimating optical flow and its derivatives based on the
     brightness change constraint.  By using the tensor calculus
     representation we build the Taylor expansion of the gray-value
     derivatives as well as of the optical flow in a spatiotemporal
     neighborhood.  Such a formulation provides a unifying framework
     for all existing local differential approaches and allows to
     derive new systems of equations for the estimation of the
     optical flow and of its derivatives.
        We also tested various optical flow estimation approaches on
     real image sequences recorded by a calibrated camera which was
     fixed on the arm of a robot.  By moving the arm of the robot
     along a precisely defined trajectory, we can determine the true
     displacement rate of scene surface elements projected into the
     image plane and compare it quantitatively with the results of
     different optical flow estimators.
       Since the optical flow estimators are based on gray-value
     derivatives of up to fourth-order, we were forced to develop
     modified Gaussian derivative filters to obtain acceptable
     estimates for the derivatives.  Further, we show quantitatively
     that these filters contribute to a much more robust optical flow
     estimation.  In addition, successive lines of TV-cameras have an
     offset in time due to the interlace technique.  We demonstrate
     the adaptation of filter kernels for estimating higher-order
     spatiotemporal derivatives in interlaced image sequences.
  } ,
  topic = {optical-flow;}  
  } 

@article{ otto:2000a,
  author = {Martin Otto},
  title = {Epsilon-Logic is More Expressive than First-Order Logic
  	Over Finite Structures},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1749--1757},
  topic = {epsilon-operator;finite-models;}  
  } 

@article{ otto:2000b,
  author = {Martin Otto},
  title = {An Interpolation Theorem},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {447--462},
  contentnote = {A refinement of the Craig-Lyndon Theorem using
  	relativized quantifiers.},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ otto:2001a,
  author = {Martin Otto},
  title = {Two Variable First-Order Logic over Ordered Domains},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {66},
  number = {2},
  pages = {685--702},
  topic = {subtheories-of-FOL;}  
  } 

@article{ ourston-mooney:1994a,
  author = {Dirk Ourston and Raymond J. Mooney},
  title = {Theory Refinement Combining Analytical and Empirical
  	Methods},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {66},
  number = {2},
  pages = {273--309},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This article describes a comprehensive system for automatic
     theory (knowledge base) refinement.  The system applies to
     classification tasks employing a propositional Horn-clause
     domain theory.  Given an imperfect domain theory and a set of
     training examples, the approach uses partial and incorrect
     proofs to identify potentially faulty rules.  For each faulty
     rule, subsets of examples are used to inductively generate a
     correction.  Because the system starts with an approximate
     domain theory, fewer training examples are generally required to
     attain a given level of classification accuracy compared to a
     purely empirical learning system.  The system has been tested in
     two previously explored application domains: recognizing
     important classes of DNA sequences and diagnosing diseased
     soybean plants.  } ,
  topic = {computer-assisted-science;Horn-theories;machine-learning
  	knowledge-base-refinement;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ over:1982a,
  author = {D.E. Over},
  title = {The Consequences of Direct Reference},
  year = {1982},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Sunderland Polytechnic.},
  xref = {Discussion of salmon_n:1982a.},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ over:1985a,
  author = {D.E. Over},
  title = {Constructivity and the Referential/Attributive
  	Distinction},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {415--429},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;reference;}  
  } 

@article{ over:1989a,
  author = {D.E. Over},
  title = {Vague Objects and Identity},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {97--99},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@techreport{ oversteegen:1987a,
  author = {Eleonore Oversteegen},
  title = {Temporal Adverbials in the Two Track Theory of Time},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {adverbials;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ owen:1960a,
  author = {G.E.L. Owen},
  title = {Logic and Metaphysics in Some Earlier Works of {A}ristotle},
  journal = {Medieval Studies},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {303--322},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {Aristotle;history-of-logic;metaphysics;}  
  } 

@article{ owen_gel:1961a,
  author = {G.E.L. Owen},
  title = {Zeno and the Mathematicians},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1957},
  volume = {58},
  pages = {199--222},
  topic = {paradoxes-of-motion;Zeno;}  
  } 

@article{ owens:1959a,
  author = {Joseph Owens},
  title = {Thomistic Common Nature and {P}latonic Idea},
  journal = {Medieval Studies},
  year = {1959},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {303--322},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {scholastic-philosophy;}  
  } 

@article{ owens:1962a,
  author = {Joseph Owens},
  title = {Analogy as a {T}homistic Approach to Being},
  journal = {Medieval Studies},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {303--322},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {analogy;scholastic-philosophy;}  
  } 

@article{ owens_d:1989a,
  author = {David Owens},
  title = {Review of {\it Representation and Reality}, by {H}ilary
  	{P}utnam},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {246--249},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@article{ owens_dk-etal:1997a,
  author = {Douglas K. Owens and Ross D. Shachter and Robert F.
  	{Nease, Jr.}},
  title = {Representation and Analysis of Medical Decision Processes
  	with Influence Diagrams},
  journal = {Medical Decision Making},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {241--262},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {causal-networks;decision-analysis;influence-diagrams;
  	reasoning-with-diagrams;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ozernoi-gaft:1977a,
  author = {V.M. Ozernoi and M.G. Gaft},
  title = {Multicriterion Decision Problems},
  booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  pages = {17--39},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@incollection{ paass:1991a,
  author = {Gerhard Paass},
  title = {Probabilistic Default Reasoning Involving Continuous
  	Variables},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {267--271},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;probabilities;
  	reasoning-about-continuous-quantities;}  
  } 

@article{ packard:1975a,
  author = {Dennis J. Packard},
  title = {A Preference Logic Minimally Complete for Expected Utility
  	Maximization},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {223--235},
  topic = {preferences;qualitative-utility;decision-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ padget:1999a,
  editor = {Julian A. Padget},
  title = {Collaboration between Human and Artificial Societies},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999/},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-540-66930-2},
  topic = {HCI;multiagent-systems;collaboration;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ padgham:1988a,
  author = {Lin Padgham},
  title = {A Model and Representation for Type Information and its use
             in Reasoning with Defaults},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell},
  pages = {409--414},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ padgham:1989a,
  author = {Lin Padgham},
  title = {Negative Reasoning using Inheritance},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, CA},
  pages = {1086--1092},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ padgham:1989b,
  author = {Lin Padgham},
  title = {Non-Monotonic Inheritance for an Object-Oriented
             Knowledge-Base},
  school = {Department of Computer and Information Science,
              Link\"{o}ping University},
  address = {Link\"{o}ping},
  year = {1989},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
    } 

@incollection{ padgham:1992a,
  author = {Lynn Padgham},
  title = {Defeasible Inheritance: a Lattice-Based Approach},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {527--541},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Also published in Computers and Mathematics with Applications;
  	vol. 23; 1992; 527--541},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;inheritance-theory;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ padgham-nebel:1992a,
  author = {Lin Padgham and Bernhard Nebel},
  title = {Combining Classification and Nonmonotonic Inheritance
  	Reasoning: A First Step},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {64--71},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;extensions-of-KL1;nonmonotonic-reasoning;
  	taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ padgham-zhang_tt:1993a,
  author = {Lin Padgham and Tingting Zhang},
  title = {A Terminological Logic With Defaults: A Definition and an
  	Application},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {662--668},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;extensions-of-kl1;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ padgham-lambris:1994a,
  author = {Lin Padgham and Patrick Lambris},
  title = {A Framework for Part-of Hierarchies in Terminological Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {485--496},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;mereology;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ padilha-carletta:2002a,
  author = {Emiliano G. Padilha and Jean Carletta},
  title = {A Simulation of Small Group Discussion},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {117--124},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {dialogue-simulation;turn-taking;} 
  } 

@incollection{ padlak:1998a,
  author = {Pavel Padl\'ak},
  title = {The Length of Proofs},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Samuel R. Buss},
  pages = {547--637},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Review: arai:1998a.},
  topic = {proof-complexity;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ paek-horvitz:1999a,
  author = {Tim Paek and Eric Horvitz},
  title = {Uncertainty, Utility, and
			Misunderstanding: A Decision-Theoretic Perspective
			on Grounding in Conversational Systems},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {85--92},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;Bayesian-networks;HCI;}  
  } 

@article{ pafel:1999a,
  author = {J\"urgen Pafel},
  title = {Interrogative Quantifiers within Scope},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {255--310},
  topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;nl-quantifier-scope;}  
  } 

@incollection{ page-frish:1991a,
  author = {C. David {Page, Jr.} and Alan M. Frisch},
  title = {Generalizing Constraint Atoms in Constraint Logic},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {429--440},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {kr;theorem-proving;unification;constraint-satisfaction;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ pagin-westerstahl:1993a,
  author = {Peter Pagin and Dag Westerstahl},
  title = {Predicate Logic with Flexibly Binding Operators and
  	Natural Language Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {89--128},
  topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;donkey-anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ pagin-westerstahl:2001a,
  author = {Peter Pagin and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl},
  title = {Editorial: Compositionality---Current Issues},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--5},
  topic = {nl-semantics;compositionality;Frege;}  
  } 

@article{ pagliani:1997a,
  author = {Piero Pagliani},
  title = {Information Gaps as Communication Needs: A New Semantic
  	Foundation for Some Non-Classical Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {63--99},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ pailthorp:1967a,
  author = {Charles Pailthorp},
  title = {Hintikka and Knowing that One Knows},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {64},
  number = {21},
  pages = {487--500},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ palanque-paterno:1998a,
  editor = {Philippe Palanque and Fabio Patern\`o},
  title = {Formal Methods in Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540761586 (pbk)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ palay:1982a,
  author = {Andrew J.  Palay},
  title = {The {B}* Tree Search Algorithm---New Results},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {145--163},
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@incollection{ palmer_a:1984a,
  author = {Anthony Palmer},
  title = {The Limits of {AI}: Thought
     		Experiments and Conceptual Investigations},
  booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects
  	of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Steve B. Torrance},
  pages = {43--50},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {philosophy-of-AI;philosophy-and-AI;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ palmer_dd:1997a,
  author = {David D. Palmer},
  title = {A Trainable Rule-Based Algorithm for Word Segmentation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {321--328},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {word-segmentation;nl-algorithms;}  
 } 

@book{ palmer_fr:1965a,
  author = {F.R. Palmer},
  title = {A Linguistic Study of the {E}nglish Verb},
  publisher = {Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd.},
  year = {1965},
  address = {London},
  topic = {descriptive-grammar;verbs;descriptive-grammar;English-language;}  
 } 

@book{ palmer_fr:1986a,
  author = {F.R. Palmer},
  title = {Mood and Modality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  contentnote = {TC:	Introduction.
  			Epistemic modality.
			Deonitc modality.
			Oblique clauses.
			Modality and other categories.},
  title = {General Lexical Representation for an Effect Predicate},
  booktitle = {Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky and Sabine Bergler},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ palmer_ms:1990a,
  author = {Martha S. Palmer},
  title = {Semantic Processing for Finite Domains},
  publisher = {University of Cambridge Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;nl-interpretation;thematic-roles;
  	kr-course;}  
 } 

@article{ palmer_ms-etal:1993a,
  author = {Martha S. Palmer and Rebecca J. Passonneau and Carl Weir
  	and Tim Finin},
  title = {The {KERNEL} Text Understanding System},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {17--68},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This article describes KERNEL, a text understanding system
     developed at Paramax Systems Corporation.  KERNEL's design is
     motivated by the need to make complex interactions possible
     among system modules, and to control the amount of reasoning
     done by those modules.  We will explain how KERNEL's architecture
     meets these needs, and how the architectures of similar systems
     compare in achieving the same goal.  } ,
  topic = {text-understanding;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ palmer_ms-etal:1994a,
  author = {Martha S. Palmer and Deborah A. Dahl and Rebecca J.
   		Schiffman and Lynette Hirschman and Marcia
		Linebarger and John Dowding},
  title = {Recovering Implicit Information},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {553--567},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {reference-resolution;computational-pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ palmer_ms-polguere:1995a,
  author = {Martha S. Palmer and Alain Polgu\`ere},
  title = {A Preliminary Lexical and Conceptual Analysis of `break':
  	a Computational Perspective},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {231--250},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-kr;verb-semantics;computational-lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ palmgren:1998a,
  author = {Erik Palmgren},
  title = {Developments in Constructive Nonstandard Analysis},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {233--272},
  topic = {nonstandard-analysis;constructive-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ palomar-etal:2001a,
  author = {Manuel Palomar and Antonio Ferr\'andez and Lidia Moreno
  	and Lidia Moreno and Patricio M\'artinez-Barco and
	Jesus P\'eral and Maximiliano Saiz-Noeda and Rafael Mu\~noz},
  title = {An Algorithm for Anaphora Resolution in {S}panish Texts},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {4},
  pages = {545--567},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;Spanish-language;} 
  } 

@article{ palopoli-etal:1999a,
  author = {Luigi Palopoli and Fiora Pirri and Clara Pizzuti},
  title = {Algorithms for Selective Enumeration of Prime
  	Implicants},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {111},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {41--72},
  topic = {prime-implicants;abduction;diagnosis;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ panaget:1994a,
  author = {Franck Panaget},
  title = {Using a Textual Representation Level Component in the
  	Context of Discourse or Dialogue Generation},
  pages = {127--136},
  booktitle = {Seventh International Workshop on Natural
  	    Language Generation},
  month = {June},
  year = {1994},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
  } 

@article{ panangaden-taylor:1992a,
  author = {P. Panangaden and S. Taylor},
  title = {Concurrent Common Knowledge: Defining Agreement for
  	Asynchronous Systems},
  journal = {Distributed Computing},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {73--94},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {distributed-systems;epistemic-logic;mutual-beliefs;}  
  } 

@techreport{ pankratev:1993a,
  author = {Nicolai Pankrat\raisebox{2ex}{,}ev},
  title = {Completeness of the {L}ambek Calculus With Respect
  	to Relativized Relational Semantics},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--93--03},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;}  
  } 

@article{ pankratev:1994a,
  author = {Nicolai Pankrat\raisebox{2ex}{,}ev},
  title = {On the Completeness of the {L}ambek Calculus With Respect
  	to Relativized Relational Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {233--246},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;}  
  } 

@incollection{ panti:1998a,
  author = {Giovanni Panti},
  title = {Multi-Valued Logics},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 1:  Quantified Representation
		of Uncertainty and Imprecision},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {25--74},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {multi-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ paolucci:1994a,
  author = {Massimo Paolucci},
  title = {Implementation of a Principle-Based Parser Based on On-Line
  	Locality Principle},
  institution = {Laboratory for Computational Linguistics, Carnegie
  	Mellon University},
  number = {CMU--LCL--94--1},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  note = {Paolucci's MS thesis.},
  topic = {principle-based-parsing;}  
  } 

@book{ papadimitriou:1994a,
  author = {Christos Papadimitriou},
  title = {Computational Complexity},
  publisher = {Assison-Wesley},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  topic = {algorithmic-complexity;}  
 } 

@article{ papadimitriou-sideri:1994a,
  author = {Christos H. Papadimitriou and Martha Sideri},
  title = {Default Theories that Always Have Extensions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {347--357},
  topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ papafragou:2000a,
  editor = {Anna Papafragou},
  title = {Modality and The Semantics-Pragmatics Interface},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {008043634X},
  topic = {semantics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ papineau:1985a,
  author = {David Papineau},
  title = {Probabilities and Causes},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {82},
  number = {2},
  pages = {57--72},
  topic = {probability;causality;}  
  } 

@book{ papineau:1996a,
  editor = {David Papineau},
  title = {The Philosophy of Science},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@incollection{ papineau:1998a,
  author = {David Papineau},
  title = {Mind the Gap},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {373--388},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ papini:1991a,
  author = {Odile Papini},
  title = {Revision in Propositional Calculus},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {272--276},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@book{ paradaens:1987a,
  editor = {J. Paredaens},
  title = {Databases},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {databases;}  
 } 

@book{ pareto:1971a,
  author = {Vilfredo Pareto},
  title = {Manual of Political Economy},
  publisher = {Kelley},
  year = {1971},
  address = {New York},
  note = {Originally published 1927. Translated from the Italian by
  	A. S. Schwier, edited by A. S. Schwier and A. N. Page},
  ISBN = {0678008817},
  topic = {foundations-of-economics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ parikh:1983a,
  author = {Rohit Parikh},
  title = {The Problem of Vague Predicates},
  booktitle = {Language, Logic, and Method},
  editor = {R.S. Cohen and M.W. Wartofsky},
  pages = {241--261},
  publisher = {D.~Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {31},
  series = {Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ parikh:1990a,
  author = {Rohit Parikh},
  title = {Recent Issues in Reasoning about Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {3--10},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;}  
  } 

@book{ parikh:1990b,
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  title = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;}  
  } 

@article{ parikh-krasucki:1990a,
  author = {Rohit Parikh and R. Krasucki},
  title = {Communication, Consensus, and Knowledge},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Theory},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1},
  pages = {178--189},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-beliefs;communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@article{ parikh:1991a,
  author = {Prasant Parikh},
  title = {Communication and Strategic Inference},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {5},
  pages = {473--514},
  topic = {game-theory;implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ parikh:1992a,
  author = {Rohit Parikh},
  title = {Finite and Infinite Dialogues},
  booktitle = {Logic From Computer Science},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yiannis Moschovakis},
  pages = {481--497},
  address = {Berlin},
  note = {MSRI Publication No. 21.},
  topic = {communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@article{ parikh:1994a,
  author = {Rohit Parikh},
  title = {Vagueness and Utility: The Semantics of Common Nouns},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {6},
  pages = {521--535},
  topic = {vagueness;nl-semantics;fuzzy-logic;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ parikh_p:1987a,
  author = {Prasant Parikh},
  title = {Language and Strategic Inference},
  school = {Stanford University},
  year = {1987},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {game-theory;implicature;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ parikh_p:1992a,
  author = {Prasant Parikh},
  title = {A Game-Theoretic Account of Implicature},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {85--94},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;game-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ parikh_p:2000a,
  author = {Prashant Parikh},
  title = {Communication, Meaning, and Interpretation},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2},
  pages = {185--212},
  topic = {game-theory;implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ parikh_r-parnes:1973a,
  author = {Rohit Parikh and R. Parnes},
  title = {Conditional Probabilities and Uniform Sets},
  booktitle = {Victoria Symposium on Nonstandard Analysis},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {P. Loeb et al.},
  pages = {180--194},
  address = {Heidelberg},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editors},
  topic = {nonstandard-probability;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ parikh_r:1977a,
  author = {Rohit Parikh},
  title = {The Problem of Vague Predicates},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, New York University},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ parikh_r:1983a,
  author = {Rohit Parikh},
  title = {Propositional Game Logic},
  booktitle = {{IEEE} Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {195--200},
  organization = {IEEE},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  missinginfo = {editor, address},
  topic = {game-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ parikh_r:1984a,
  author = {Rohit Parikh},
  title = {Logics of Knowledge, Games, and Dynamic Logic},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Software Technology and Computer Science},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {M. Joseph and R.K. Shyamasundar},
  pages = {202--222},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {game-logic;epistemic-logic;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ parikh_r:1985a,
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  title = {Logics of Programs: Brooklyn, June 17--19,
  	1985 Proceedings},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387156488 (U.S.)},
  topic = {semantics-of-programming-languages;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ parikh_r:1987a,
  author = {Rohit Parikh},
  title = {Knowledge and the Problem of Logical Omniscience},
  booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems: Proceedings of
  	the Sixth International Symposium},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Zbigniew Ras and M. Zemankova},
  pages = {432--439},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;resource-limited-reasoning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ parikh_r-krasucki:1987a,
  author = {Rohit Parikh and Paul Krasucki},
  title = {Communication, Consensus and Knowledge},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Brooklyn College of CUNY.},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-belief;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ parikh_r:1990a,
  author = {Rohit Parikh},
  title = {A Utility Based Approach to Semantics},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, New York University},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;utility-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ parikh_r:1991a,
  author = {Rohit Parikh},
  title = {Monotonic and Non-Monotonic Logics of Knowledge},
  journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {255--274},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ parikh_r-krasucki:1992a,
  author = {Rohit Parikh and R. Krasucki},
  title = {Levels of Knowledge in Distributed Computing},
  journal = {S\=adhan\=a},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1},
  pages = {167--191},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {distributed-systems;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ parikh_r:1999a,
  author = {Rohit Parikh},
  title = {Beliefs, Belief Revision, and Splitting Languages},
  booktitle = {Logic, Language, and Computation, Vol. II},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Lawrence Moss and Jonathan Ginzberg and Maarten de rijke},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ parikh_r:2000a,
  author = {Rohit Parikh},
  title = {Review of {\em Genes of Theoretical Computer Science},
		by {U}we {S}ch\"oning and {R}andall {P}ruim},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {131--132},
  xref = {Review of schoning-pruim:1998a.},
  topic = {theory-of-computation;}  
  } 

@article{ paris_c:1988a,
  author = {C\'{e}cile L. Paris},
  title = {Tailoring Object Descriptions to A User's level of
  	Expertise},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {64--78},
  topic = {referring-expressions;user-modeling-in-generation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ paris_c:1989a,
  author = {C \'ecile Paris},
  title = {The Use of Explicit User Models
		in a Generation System for Tailoring Answers
		to the User's Level of Expertise},
  booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {200--232},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {user-modeling;nl-generation;expertise;}  
 } 

@book{ paris_c-etal:1991a,
  editor = {C\'{e}cile L. Paris and William R. Swartout
  	and William C. Mann},
  title = {Natural Language Generation in Artificial Intelligence and
  	Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
} 

@incollection{ paris_c:1994b,
  author = {C\'ecile L. Paris } ,
  title = {Flexible Generation: Taking the User into
   		Account},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {569--583},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-generation;user-modeling;user-modeling-in-generation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ paris_c-scott:1994a,
  author = {C\'ecile L. Paris and Donia Scott},
  title = {Intentions, Structure and Expressions in
  	Multilingual Instructions},
  booktitle = {Seventh International Workshop on Natural Language Generation},
  address = {Kennebunkport, Maine},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {45--52},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
} 

@article{ paris_j-venkovska:1998a,
  author = {J. Paris and A. Venkovska},
  title = {Proof Systems for Probabilistic Uncertain Reasoning},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {63},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1007--1039},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st names.},
  topic = {probability-semantics;proof-theory;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@article{ paris_jb-venkovska:1993a,
  author = {J.B. Paris and A. Vencovsk\'a},
  title = {A Model of Belief},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {64},
  number = {2},
  pages = {197--241},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The paper provides a mathematical model of an agent's belief in
     an event by identifying it with his ability to imagine the event
     within the context of his previous experience. This approach
     leads to belief having properties different from those normally
     ascribed to it.
  } ,
  topic = {belief;envisionment;}  
  } 

@book{ paris_jb:1995a,
  author = {J.B. Paris},
  title = {The Uncertain Reasoner's Companion: A Mathematical
  	Perspective},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {decision-making-under-uncertainty;}  
 } 

@book{ parisipresicce:1998a,
  editor = {F. Parisi-Presicce},
  title = {Recent Trends in Algebraic Development Techniques: 12th
  	International Workshop, WADT '97, Tarquinia, Italy,},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-540-64299-4},
  topic = {abstract-data-types;}  
 } 

@article{ park-kender:1995a,
  author = {Il-Pyung Park and John R. Kender},
  title = {Topological Direction-Giving and Visual Navigation in
  	Large Environments},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {78},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {355--395},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In this paper, we propose and investigate a new model for robot
     navigation in large unstructured environments.  Current models,
     which depend on metric information, have to deal with inherent
     mechanical and sensory errors.  Instead we supply the navigator
     with qualitative information.  Our model consists of two parts, a
     map-maker and a navigator.  Given a source and a goal, the
     map-maker derives a navigational path based on the topological
     relationships between landmarks.  A navigational path is
     generated as a combination of ``parkway'' and ``trajectory'' paths,
     both of which are abstractions of the real world into
     topological data structures.  Traversing within a parkway
     enables the navigator to follow landmarks that are continuously
     visible.  Traversing on a trajectory enables the navigator to
     move reliably into featureless space, based on local headings
     formed by visible landmarks that are robust to positional and
     orientational errors.  Reliability measures of parkway and
     trajectory traversals are defined by appropriate error models
     that account for the sensory errors of the navigator, the
     population of neighboring objects, and the rotational and
     translational errors of the navigator.  The optimal path is
     further abstracted into a "custom map", which consists of a list
     of symbolic directional instructions, the vocabulary of which is
     defined by our environmental description language.  Based on the
     custom map generated by the map-maker, the navigating robot
     looks for events that are characterized by spatial properties of
     the environment.  The map-maker and the navigator are implemented
     using two cameras, an IBM 7575 robot arm, and a PIPE (Pipelined
     Image Processing Engine.) } ,
  topic = {robot-navigation;spatial-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ parker-chua:1989a,
  author = {Thomas S. Parker and Leon O. Chua},
  title = {Practical Numerical Algorithms For Chaotic Systems},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {03879668970387966889},
  topic = {chaos-theory;algorithms;numerical-algorithms;}  
 } 

@article{ parkison-etal:1977a,
  author = {Roger C. Parkison and Kenneth Mark Colby and
  	William S.  Faught},
  title = {Conversational Language Comprehension Using Integrated
  	Pattern-Matching and Parsing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {111--134},
  topic = {nl-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ parks:1972a,
  author = {Zane Parks},
  title = {Classes and Change},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {170--169},
  topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;individuation;}  
  } 

@article{ parodi-torre:1994a,
  author = {Pietro Parodi and Vincent Torre},
  title = {On the Complexity of Labeling Perspective Projections of
  	Polyhedral Scenes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {70},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {239--276},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper investigates the computational time complexity of the
     labeling problem for line drawings of trihedral scenes.  It is
     shown that the class of problems having polynomial complexity is
     larger than the simple case of line drawings of Legoland scenes
     (Kirousis and Papadimitriou, 1988).  Once the location of the
     vanishing points in the image plane is known, the labeling
     problem can be solved in time O(Nn) where N is the number of
     segments and n is the number of vanishing points.  The vanishing
     points can be given a priori, otherwise can, in many cases, be
     detected by standard techniques from the line drawing itself.
     The NP-completeness of the labeling problem for line drawings of
     trihedral scenes (Kirousis and Papadimitriou, 1988) is then due
     to the lack of knowledge about the vanishing points. which is
     equivalent to the knowledge of the possible directions for the
     edges.  These results help draw a more accurate boundary between
     the problems in the interpretation of line drawings that are
     polynomially solvable and those that are NP-complete. } ,
  topic = {reasoning-about-perspective;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ parodi-etal:1998a,
  author = {P. Parodi and R. Lancewicki and A. Vijh and
  	J.K. Tsotsos},
  title = {Empirically-Derived Estimates of the Complexity of
  	Labeling Line Drawings of Polyhedral Scenes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {47--75},
  topic = {complexity-theory;empirical-methods-in-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ parret:1976a,
  editor = {Herman Parret},
  title = {History of Linguistic Thought and Contemporary Linguistics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {9027231125},
  topic = {history-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ parret:1980a,
  author = {Herman Parret},
  title = {Le Langage en Contexte: \'Etudes Philosophiques et
  	Linguistiques de Pragmatique},
  publisher = {Benjamins},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {9027231125},
  topic = {context;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ parret-bouveresse:1981a,
  editor = {Herman Parret and Jacques Bouveresse},
  title = {Meaning and Understanding},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3110081164},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ parret-etal:1981a,
  editor = {Herman Parret and M. Sbis\`a and Jef Verschueren},
  title = {Possibilities and Limitations of Pragmatics: Proceedings
  	of the Conference at Urbino, July 8--14, 1979},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name},
  ISBN = {9027230064},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ parret:1983a,
  author = {Herman Parret},
  title = {Semiotics and Pragmatics: An Evaluative Comparison of
    Conceptual Frameworks},
  publisher = {Benjamins},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {902722532X},
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;semiotics;}  
 } 

@book{ parret-verschueren:1992a,
  editor = {Herman Parret and Jef Verschueren},
  title = {(On) {S}earle on Conversation},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ parret:1993a,
  author = {Herman Parret},
  title = {The Aesthetics of Communication: Pragmatics and Beyond},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792321987 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ parry:1967a,
  author = {Geraint Parry},
  title = {Performative Utterances and Obligations in Hobbes},
  journal = {Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {246--254},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ parsons:1972a,
  author = {Charles Parsons},
  title = {On Modal Quantification Theory with Contingent Domains},
  year = {1972},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Columbia University},
  topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;(non)existence;} 
  } 

@article{ parsons:1974a,
  author = {Charles Parsons},
  title = {On Translating Logic},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {85},
  number = {1},
  pages = {405--411},
  topic = {indeterminacy-of-translation;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ parsons:1976a,
  author = {Charles Parsons},
  title = {The Logic of Sense and Denotation and {M}ontague's
  	Intensional Logic},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Columbia University.},
  topic = {logic-of-sense-and-denotation;intensional-logic;} 
  } 

@article{ parsons_c:1970a,
  author = {Charles Parsons},
  title = {Axiomatization of {\AA}qvist's {CS}-Logics},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {43--64},
  topic = {preferences;}  
  } 

@article{ parsons_c:1971a,
  author = {Charles Parsons},
  title = {Ontology and Mathematics},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {80},
  pages = {151--176},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;philosophical-ontology;} 
  } 

@article{ parsons_c:1974a,
  author = {Charles Parsons},
  title = {The Liar Paradox},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {381--412},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;}  
 } 

@incollection{ parsons_s:1991a,
  author = {Simon Parsons},
  title = {Advance Prototyping},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {86--90},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@book{ parsons_s:1997a,
  author = {Simon Parsons},
  title = {Qualitative Methods for Reasoning Under Uncertainty},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;qualitative-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ parsons_s:1998a,
  author = {Simon Parsons},
  title = {Agents that Reason and Negotiate by Arguing},
  journal = {Journal of Logic and Computtion},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {261--292},
  topic = {multiagent-systems;negotiation;}  
  } 

@article{ parsons_s:1999a,
  author = {Simon Parsons},
  title = {Review of {\it Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, by {G}rigoris
  	{A}ntoniou},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {90--91},
  xref = {Review of: antoniou:1997a.},
  topic = {default-logic;autoepistemic-logic;circumscription;}  
  } 

@book{ parsons_t1-shils:1951a,
  editor = {Talcott Parsons and Edward Shils},
  title = {Toward a General Theory of Action},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1951},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {action;sociology;}  
 } 

@book{ parsons_t1-etal:1953a,
  author = {Talcott Parsons and Robert F. Bales and Edward A. Shils},
  title = {Working Papers in the Theory of Action},
  publisher = {Free Press},
  year = {1953},
  address = {Glencoe, Illinois},
  ISBN = {0465017894},
  topic = {action;sociology;}  
 } 

@article{ parsons_t2:1970a,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {Some Problems Concerning the Logic of Grammatical Modifiers},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {320--334},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-semantics;adverbs;}  
  } 

@article{ parsons_t2:1970b,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {An Analysis of Mass Terms and Amount Terms},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {362--388},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-semantics;mass-term-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ parsons_t2:1972a,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {Some Problems Concerning the Logic of
          Grammatical Modifiers},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {127--141},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;adverbs;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ parsons_t2:1973a,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {A Prolegomenon to {M}einongian Semantics},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {Meinong;(non)existence;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ parsons_t2:1973b,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {On the Consistency of the First-Order Portion of
  	{F}rege's Logical System},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of California at Irvine.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {Frege;}  
  } 

@article{ parsons_t2:1975a,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {Afterthoughts on Mass Terms},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {320--334},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-semantics;mass-term-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ parsons_t2:1977b,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {Type Theory and Ordinary Language},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, } ,
  topic = {nl-semantic-types;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ parsons_t2:1978a,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {The Progressive in {E}nglish: Events, States
  	and Processes},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, UC Irvine.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {tense-aspect;progressive;eventualities;}  
  } 

@book{ parsons_t2:1980a,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {Nonexistent Objects},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {New Haven},
  xref = {Review: cocchiarella:1982a.},
  topic = {Russell;Meinong;(non)existence;}  
 } 

@article{ parsons_t2:1984a,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {Assertion, Denial, and the Liar Paradox},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {137--152},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ parsons_t2:1987a,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {Entities without Identity},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 1: Metaphysics},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  address = {Oxford},
  pages = {1--19},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {logic-of-existence;individuation;vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ parsons_t2:1987b,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {Underlying States in the Semantical Analysis of
  	{E}nglish},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of California at
  	Irvine},
  topic = {eventualities;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ parsons_t2:1987c,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {Entities without Identity},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 1: Metaphysics},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {1--19},
  address = {Oxford, England},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ parsons_t2:1988a,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {Russell's Early Views on Denoting},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Analysis: A Defense by Example},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {David F. Austin},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {Russell;definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@article{ parsons_t2:1989a,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {The Progressive in {E}nglish: Events, States,
  	and Processes},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {213--241},
  topic = {event-semantics;tense-aspect;progressive;}  
  } 

@book{ parsons_t2:1990a,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {Events in the Semantics of {E}nglish: a Study in Subatomic
 	Semantics},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-semantics;events;aktionsarten;aspect;
  	event-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ parsons_t2:1993a,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {On Denoting Propositions and Facts},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {441--460},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {propositions;intensionality;philosophical-ontology;
  	propositional-attitudes;foundations-of-semantics;facts;}  
  } 

@article{ parsons_t2:1994a,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {Anaphoric Pronouns in Very Late {M}edieval Supposition
  	Theory},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {5},
  pages = {429--445},
  topic = {anaphora;medieval-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ parsons_t2:1995a,
  author = {Terence Parsons},
  title = {Thematic Relations and Arguments},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {26},
  number = {4},
  pages = {635--662},
  contentnote = {A readable paper on the semantics of thematic roles.},
  topic = {thematic-roles;}  
  } 

@incollection{ parsons_t2-woodruff:1997a,
  author = {Terence Parsons and Peter W. Woodruff},
  title = {Wordly Indeterminacy of Identity},
  booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {321--337},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ partee:1962a,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {All about Predeterminers},
  year = {1962},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
  topic = {nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@techreport{ partee:1964a,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Adverbial Subordinate Clauses},
  institution = {The Mitre Corporation},
  number = {W-07241},
  year = {1964},
  address = {Bedford, Massachusetts},
  topic = {adverbs;transformational-grammar;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ partee:1968a,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {On Some Fundamental Conflicts in the Establishment of
		Deep Structure Constraints},
  year = {1968},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of California at Los Angeles},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ partee:1970a1,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Opacity, Coreference and Pronouns},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {359--385},
  xref = {Republication: partee:1970a1.},
  topic = {anaphora;reference;}  
 } 

@incollection{ partee:1970a2,
  author = {Barbara H. Partee},
  title = {Opacity, Coreference, and Pronouns},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {415--441},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Journal Publication: partee:1970a1.},
  topic = {anaphora;reference;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ partee:1970b,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Comments on {R}ichard {M}ontague's `Quantification
		in Ordinary {E}nglish'\, } ,
  year = {1970},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of California at
		Los Angeles},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ partee:1970c,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Does de {M}organ's Law Operate in {E}nglish?},
  year = {1970},
  note = {Handout for talk.},
  topic = {negation;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ partee:1971a,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {On the Requirement that Transformations Preserve Meaning},
  booktitle = {Studies in Linguistic Semantics},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terence Langendoen},
  address = {New York},
  pages = {1--21},
  contentnote = {Author's summary: "Includes a historical survey of
		the development of semantics in transformational theory and
		argues against nearly all possible positions.},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ partee:1971b,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Montague's Theory of Grammar and Some Transformational
		Extensions},
  year = {1971},
  note = {Handout for talk.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ partee:1971c,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Montague Grammar and Transformational Grammar},
  year = {1971},
  note = {Handout for talk.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ partee:1971d,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Montague's Theory of Grammar},
  year = {1971},
  note = {Handout for talk.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ partee:1971e,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Montague's Theory and Transformational Grammar},
  year = {1971},
  note = {Handout for talk.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ partee:1971f,
  author = {Barbara Hall Partee},
  title = {Linguistics Metatheory},
  booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science},
  publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of
		Maryland.},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {William Orr Dingwall},
  pages = {650--680},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ partee:1971g,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Montague's Theory of Grammar and Some Transformational
		Extensions},
  year = {1971},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of California at Los Angeles},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ partee:1972a,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Some Transformational Extensions of {M}ontague
  	Grammar},
  year = {1972},
  month = {April},
  note = {Unpublished handout, Linguistics Department,
  	University of Massachusetts},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ partee:1973a,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {The Syntax and Semantics of Quotation},
  booktitle = {A {F}estschrift for {M}orris {H}alle},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Stephen R. Anderson and Paul Kiparsky},
  pages = {410--418},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {direct-discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ partee:1973b,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Comments on {M}ontague's Paper},
  booktitle = {Approaches to Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Jaakko Hintikka},
  pages = {243--258},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {n;-semantics;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ partee:1973c,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Some Structural Analogies Between Tenses and Pronouns in
  	{E}nglish},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {70},
  number = {18},
  pages = {601--609},
  topic = {nl-tense;}  
 } 

@article{ partee:1973d1,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Some Transformational Extensions of {M}ontague Grammar},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {509--534},
  xref = {Republication: partee:1973d2.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ partee:1973d2,
  author = {Barbara H. Partee},
  title = {Some Transformational Extensions
     		of {M}ontague {G}rammar},
  booktitle = {Montague Grammar},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Barbara H. Partee},
  pages = {51--76},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;transformational-grammar;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ partee:1973e,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {A {M}ontague Semantics for Derived Verb Phrases},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University of
		Massachusetts.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ partee:1973f,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Constraining Transformational {M}ontague Grammar:
  	a Framework and a Fragment},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University of
		Massachusetts.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ partee:1974a,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {John is Easy to Please},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University of
		Massachusetts.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;infinitive-clauses;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ partee:1974b,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Does de {M}organ's Law Operate in {E}nglish?},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Bibliography for course.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ partee:1975a,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Comments on {F}illmore's and {C}homsky's Papers},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University of
		Massachusetts.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ partee:1975b1,
  author = {Barbara H. Partee},
  title = {Opacity and Scope},
  booktitle = {Semantics and Philosophy},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Milton K. Munitz and Peter Unger},
  address = {New York},
  pages = {81--101},
  xref = {Republication: partee:1975b2.},
  topic = {intensionality;nl-quantifier-scope;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ partee:1975b2,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Opacity and Scope},
  booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Peter Ludlow},
  pages = {833--853},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of partee:1975b1.},
  topic = {intensionality;nl-quantifier-scope;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@book{ partee:1976a,
  editor = {Barbara H. Partee},
  title = {Montague Grammar},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  address = {New York},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. David Lewis, "General Semantics", pp. 1--50
     2. Barbara H. Partee, "Some Transformational Extensions
     		of {M}ontague {G}rammar", pp. 51--76
     3. Richmond H. Thomason, "Some Extensions of {M}ontague
     		Grammar", pp. 77--117
     4. Michael R. Bennett, "A Variation and Extension of a {M}ontague
     		Fragment of {E}nglish", pp. 119--163
     5. Robert Rodman, "Scope Phenomena, `Movement Transformations',
     		and Relative Clauses", pp. 165--176
     6. Enrique B. Delacruz, "Factives and Proposition Level
     		Constructions in {M}ontague Grammar", pp. 177--199
     7. David R. Dowty, "Montague Grammar and the Lexical Decomposition of
  	        Causative Verbs", pp. 201--245
     8. Charles L. Hamblin, "Questions in {M}ontague
     		{E}nglish", pp. 247--259
     9. Max J. Cresswell, "The Semantics of Degree", pp. 261--292
    10. Muffy Siegel, "Capturing the {R}ussian Adjective", pp. 293--309
    11. Robin Cooper and Terence Parsons, "Montague Grammar,
    		Generative Semantics and Interpretive
		Semantics,", pp. 311--362
  } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;Montague-grammar;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ partee:1976b,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Semantics and Syntax: The Search for Constraints},
  year = {1976},
  month = {March},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University of
		Massachusetts.},
  topic = {nl-syntax;syntax-semantics-interface;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ partee:1977a,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Montague Grammar and the Well-Formedness Constraint},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University of
		Massachusetts.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@article{ partee:1977b,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Possible Worlds Semantics and Linguistic Theory},
  journal = {The Monist},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {60},
  pages = {303--326},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ partee:1977c,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Constraining the Syntax of Montague Grammar},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished handout, Linguistics Department, University of
		Massachusetts.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@incollection{ partee:1978a,
  author = {Barbara Hall Partee},
  title = {Montague Grammar, Mental Representations, and Reality},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {195--208},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;psychological-reality;
  	foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ partee-etal:1978a,
  author = {Barbara Hall Partee and Sharon Sabsay and William Badeker},
  title = {Bibliography: Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Department of Linguistics, University of Indiana,
 	Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {logic-and-linguistics;bibliography;}  
 } 

@incollection{ partee:1979a,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Semantics---Mathematics or Psychology?},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {1--14},
  topic = {nl-semantics;philosophy-of-linguistics;psychological-reality;
		nl-semantics-and-cognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ partee:1982a,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Belief-Sentences and the Limits of Semantics},
  booktitle = {Processes, Beliefs, and Questions},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {Stanley Peters and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {87--106},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;propositional-attitudes;
  	nl-semantics-and-cognition;belief;}  
  } 

@incollection{ partee-rooth:1983a,
  author = {Barbara Partee and Mats Rooth},
  title = {Generalized Quantifiers and Type Ambiguity},
  booktitle = {Meaning, Use, and Interpretation of Language},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Christoph Schwarze and Arnim von
  	Stechow},
  pages = {361--383},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;polymorphism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ partee:1984a,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Compositionality},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {325--343},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {compositionality;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ partee:1984b,
  author = {Barbara H. Partee},
  title = {Nominal and Temporal Anaphora},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {243--286},
  topic = {nl-tense;anaphora;}  
  } 

@incollection{ partee:1985a,
  author = {Barbara H. Partee},
  title = {Quantificational Structures and Compositionality},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {541--602},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;compositionality;}  
  } 

@article{ partee:1985b,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Situations, Worlds and Contexts},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--58},
  topic = {context;situation-semantics;intensionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ partee:1986a,
  author = {Barbara H. Partee},
  title = {Noun Phrase Interpretation and Type-Shifting Principles},
  booktitle = {Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of
  	Generalized Quantifiers},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof},
  pages = {115--143},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;nl-semantic-types;
	noun-phrase-semantics;polymorphism;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ partee:1986b,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Ambiguous Pseudoclefts with Unambiguous `Be'},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of {\it NELS 16, 1985}},
  editor = {Steven Berman and Jae-Woong Choe and Joyce McDonough},
  year = {1986},
  publisher = {GLSA Publications},
  address = {University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts},
  pages = {354--366},
  note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications:
  	http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.},
  contentnote = {Partee proposes that `be' always takes an X-type subject
    with an <X,t> type complement.  To get the ambiguity in `What John is
    is unusual' she proposes that for the ``predicational'' reading
    (John is a clown psychologist, and that is unusual) we let `what
    John is' be of type e, and refers to (something like) the having
    of the property of being a clown psychologist and `unusual' is a
    simple <e,t> predication.  To get the ``specificational''
    reading, (where being unusual is on the ``list'' of things that
    John is, i.e., John is unusual) we have a subject-predicate
    inversion around `be' so that `unusual' is of type e, and denotes
    the individual correlate of the property of being unusual, while
    `what John is' is of type <e,t>, and denotes a second-level
    property that (an individual correlate of) a property has just in
    case it's a property John has.  } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;predication;}  
 } 

@article{ partee:1988a,
  author = {Barbara H. Partee},
  title = {Semantic Facts and Psychological Facts},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {43--52},
  xref = {Discussion of schiffer:1987a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ partee:1989a,
  author = {Barbara H. Partee},
  title = {Possible Worlds in Model-Theoretic Semantics:
  	A Linguistic Perspective},
  booktitle = {Possible Worlds in Humanities, Arts and Sciences},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Sture All\'en},
  pages = {93--123},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {intensionality;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ partee:1991a,
  author = {Barbara Partee},
  title = {Topic, Focus, and Quantification},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{I}},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner},
  pages = {159--187},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {sentence-focus;topic;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ partee:1993a,
  author = {Barbara H. Partee},
  title = {Semantic Structures and Semantic Properties},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {II}, Lexical and Conceptual
  	Structure},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Werner Abraham},
  pages = {7--29},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ partee:1996a,
  author = {Barbara H. Partee},
  title = {The Development of Formal Semantics in Linguistic Theory},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {11--38},
  topic = {semantics-history;semantics-survey;}  
  } 

@incollection{ partee-hendriks:1996a,
  author = {Barbara H. Partee and Herman L.W. Hendriks},
  title = {Montague Grammar},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  pages = {5--91},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ partee-sgall:1996a,
  editor = {Barbara H. Partee and Petr Sgall},
  title = {Discourse and Meaning: Papers in Honor of {E}va 
  	{H}aji\v{c}ov\'a},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {1556194994},
  topic = {pragmatics;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ partridge:1990a,
  author = {Eric Partridge},
  title = {A Concise Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional {E}nglish: From
    a Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional {E}nglish by Eric Partridge},
  publisher = {Macmillan},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0026053500},
  note = {Edited by Paul Beale.},
  topic = {dictionary;slang;English-language;}  
 } 

@book{ partridge_d:1998a,
  author = {Derek Partridge},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and Software Engineering:
  	Understanding the Promise of the Future},
  publisher = {Glenlake Publishing Company, Ltd.},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0814404413},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@book{ partridge_e:1950a,
  author = {Eric Partridge},
  title = {Name into Word; Proper Names that Have Become Common Property; A
    Discursive Dictionary; with A Foreword},
  publisher = {Secker and Warburg},
  year = {1950},
  address = {London},
  topic = {proper-names;common-nouns;}  
 } 

@book{ partridge_e:1952a,
  author = {Eric Partridge},
  title = {Chamber of Horrors: A Glossary of Official Jargon, both {E}nglish
    and {A}merican},
  publisher = {A. Deutsch},
  year = {1952},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0026053500},
  topic = {jargon;}  
 } 

@book{ partridge_e:1953a,
  author = {Eric Partridge},
  title = {You have a Point There: A Guide to Punctuation and
	  its Allies},
  publisher = {Hamish Hamilton Ltd.},
  year = {1953},
  address = {London},
  note = {Reprinted by Routledge in 1993.},
  ISBN = {0710087535},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@book{ partridge_e:1956a,
  author = {Eric Partridge},
  title = {Notes on Punctuation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1956},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
 } 

@book{ partridge_e:1963a,
  author = {Eric Partridge},
  title = {The Gentle Art of Lexicography as Pursued and Experienced by an
    Addict},
  publisher = {Deutsch},
  year = {1963},
  address = {London},
  topic = {popular-linguistics;lexicography;}  
 } 

@book{ partridge_e:1994a,
  author = {Eric Partridge},
  title = {The World of Words: An Introduction to Language in General and
    to {E}nglish and {A}merican in particular},
  publisher = {H. Hamilton},
  year = {1994},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {063116622X (acid-free paper)},
  topic = {popular-linguistics;English-language;}  
 } 

@book{ partridge_e:1994b,
  author = {Eric Partridge},
  title = {Usage and Abusage: A Guide To Good {E}nglish},
  publisher = {London : Hamish Hamilton},
  year = {1994},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0241133017},
  note = {Edited by Janet Whitcut.},
  topic = {English-usage;}  
 } 

@book{ pasniczek:1998a,
  author = {Jacek Pa\'sniczek},
  title = {The Logic of Intentional Objects: A {M}einongian
  	Version of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-792304880-X},
  xref = {Review: scheffler_u:2000a, Review: jacquette:1999a.},
  topic = {Meinong;(non)existence;intensionality;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pasquier-etal:1999a,
  author = {Laurent Pasquier and Patrick Br\'ezillon and Jean-Charles
			Pomerol},
  title = {Context and Decision Graphs for Incident
			Management on a Subway Line},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {499--502},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;decision-support;}  
  } 

@book{ passmore:1968a,
  author = {J. Passmore},
  title = {A Hundred Years of Philosophy},
  publisher = {Penguin},
  year = {1968},
  address = {Harmondsworth},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher},
  topic = {ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
 } 

@article{ passoneau:1988a,
  author = {Rebecca Passoneau},
  title = {A Computational Model of the Semantics of Tense and Aspect},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {44--60},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ passoneau:1995a,
  author = {Rebecca Passoneau},
  title = {Integrating {G}ricean and Attentional Constraints},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1267--1273},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {discourse;anaphora;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ passoneau:1996a,
  author = {Rebecca J. Passoneau},
  title = {Review of {\it Representing Time in Natural Language:  The
  	Dynamic Interpretation of Tense and Aspect}, by {A}lice ter
        {M}eulen},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {274--176},
  xref = {Review of termeulen:1995a.},
  topic = {dynamic-semantics;tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@incollection{ passoneau:1997a,
  author = {Rebecca J. Passoneau},
  title = {Interaction of Discourse Structure
       		with Explicitness of Discourse Anaphoric Noun Phrases},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {327--358},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;
  	discourse-structure;centering;}  
  } 

@article{ passonneau-litman:1997a,
  author = {Rebecca J. Passonneau and Diane J. Litman},
  title = {Discourse Segmentation by Human and Automated Means},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {103--139},
  topic = {discourse-segmentation;corpus-linguistics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ pastre:1978a,
  author = {Dominique Pastre},
  title = {Automatic Theorem Proving in Set Theory},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--27},
  topic = {theorem-proving;set-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ pastre:1989a,
  author = {Dominique Pastre},
  title = {{MUSCADET}: An Automatic Theorem Proving System Using
  	Knowledge and Metaknowledge in Mathematics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {3},
  pages = {257--318},
  topic = {theorem-proving;computer-assisted-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ pataki:1997a,
  author = {Tamas Pataki},
  title = {Rescuing the Counterfactual Solution to {C}hisholm's
  	Paradox},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1--4},
  pages = {351--371},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ patelschneider:1983a,
  author = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider},
  title = {Decidable, Logic-Based Knowledge Representation},
  institution = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Schlumberger
  	Palo Alto Research},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Palo Alto},
  topic = {kr;kr-complexity-analysis;theorem-proving;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ patelschneider:1986a,
  author = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider},
  title = {A Four-Valued Semantics for Frame-Based
  	Description Languages},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  pages = {344--348},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {kr;bilattices;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ patelschneider:1987a,
  author = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider},
  title = {Practical, Object-Based Knowledge Representation for
  	Knowledge-Based Systems},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Schlumberger Palo Alto Research
  	Center},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;kr;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ patelschneider:1989a,
  author = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider},
  title = {A Decidable First-Order Logic for Knowledge Representation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf},
  pages = {455--458},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-complexity-analysis;theorem-proving;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ patelschneider:1989b,
 author = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider},
 title = {Undecidability of Subsumption in {\sc nikl}},
 journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
 year = {1989},
 volume = {39},
 number = {2},
 pages = {263--272},
 month = {June},
 topic = {kr;kr-complexity-analysis;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ patelschneider:1989c,
  author = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider},
  title = {A Four-Valued Semantics for Terminological Logics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {3},
  pages = {319--351},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;multi-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ patelschneider:1992a,
  author = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider},
  title = {Defaults and Descriptions},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {72--73},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;extensions-of-KL1;nonmonotonic-reasoning;
  	taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ patelschneider:1992b,
  author = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider},
  title = {Partial Reasoning in Knowledge Representation Systems
  	Based on Description Logics},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {74--75},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ patil:1981a,
  author = {Ramesh Patil},
  title = {Causal Understanding of Patient Illness in Medical
  	Diagnosis},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Patrick J. Hayes},
  pages = {893--899},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {diagnosis;causality;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ patil-etal:1981a,
  author = {Ramesh S. Patil and Peter Szolovits and William B Schwartz},
  title = {Information Acquisition in Diagnosis},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  pages = {345--348},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {diagnosis;medical-AI;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ patil:1983a,
  author = {Ramesh S. Patil},
  title = {Role of Causal Relations in Formulation and Evaluation
  	of Composite Hypotheses},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of {IEEE} MedComp Conference},
  year = {1983},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, pages},
  topic = {diagnosis;causality;medical-AI;} 
  } 

@incollection{ patil-etal:1992a,
  author = {Ramesh Patil and Richard F. Fikes and Peter F.
  	Patel-Schneider and Don McKay and Tim Finin and Thomas Gruber
	and Robert Neches},
  title = {The {DARPA} Knowledge Sharing Effort: Progress Report},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {777--788},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;knowledge-sharing;computational-ontology;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ patrick:1999a,
  author = {Jon David Patrick},
  title = {Tagging Psychotherapeutic Interviews for Linguistic
  	Analysis},
  booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging:
  	Proceedings of the Workshop},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {58--64},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-tagging;medical-AI;corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pattabhiraman-cercone:1990a,
  author = {T. Pattabhiraman and Nick Cercone},
  title = {Selection: Salience, Relevance and the Coupling between
  	Domain-Level Tasks and Text Planning},
  booktitle = {Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language
  	Generation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {79--86},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;pragmatics;text-planning;}  
} 

@book{ pattanaik-salles:1983a,
  editor = {Prasanta K. Pattanaik and Maurice Salles},
  title = {Social Choice and Welfare},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {welfare-economics;social-choice-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ patton:1965a,
  author = {Thomas E. Patton},
  title = {Some Comments on `About'\,},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {12},
  pages = {311--325},
  topic = {aboutness;}  
  } 

@book{ patton_mq:1990a,
  author = {Michael Quinn Patton},
  title = {Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  edition = {2},
  topic = {qualitative-methods;}  
 } 

@article{ patton_te:1978a,
  author = {Thomas E. Patton},
  title = {On {S}trawson's Substitute for Scope},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {291--304},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;}  
  } 

@article{ patton_te:1991a,
  author = {Thomas E. Patton},
  title = {On the Ontology of Branching Quantifiers},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {205--223},
  topic = {branching-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ paul_g:1992a,
  author = {Gabriele Paul},
  title = {Approaches to Abductive Reasoning},
  year = {1992},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, German Center for Artificial
  	Intelligence.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.  May be published.},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@article{ paul_la:2000a,
  author = {L.A. Paul},
  title = {Aspect Causation},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {4},
  pages = {235--256},
  topic = {causality;prevention;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ paul_m:1994a,
  author = {Matthias Paul},
  title = {Young {M}ozart and the Joking {W}oody {A}llen:
		Proper Names, Individuals, and {P}arts},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{IV}},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann},
  pages = {268--281},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;temporal-parts;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pauly:1999a,
  author = {Marc Pauly},
  title = {Modeling Coalitional Power in Modal Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {205--210},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {voting-procedures;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ paun-salomaa:1997a,
  editor = {Gheorghe Paun and Arto Salomaa},
  title = {New Trends In Formal Languages: Control, Cooperation, and
  	Combinatorics},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540628444 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {formal-language-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ pawlak:1991a,
  author = {Z. Pawlak},
  title = {Rough Sets: Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning
  	about Data},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {vagueness;databases;}  
 } 

@article{ pawlak-etal:1995a,
  author = {Z. Pawlak and J.W. Grzymala-busse and R. Slowinski
  	and W. Ziarko},
  title = {Rough Sets},
  journal = {Communications of the {ACM}},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {38},
  number = {11},
  pages = {89--95},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {vagueness;databases;}  
  } 

@book{ paxson:1986a,
  author = {William C. Paxson},
  title = {The Mentor Guide to Punctuation},
  publisher = {Mentor Books},
  year = {1986},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
} 

@incollection{ paxton:1978a,
  author = {William H. Paxton},
  title = {The Language Definition System},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {17--40},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;speech-recognition;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ paxton:1978b,
  author = {William H. Paxton},
  title = {The Executive System},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {41--85},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {speech-recognition;nl-processing;grammar-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ paxton:1978c,
  author = {William H. Paxton},
  title = {Experimental Studies},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {87--117},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {AI-system-evaluation;speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ peacocke-scott_ds:1973a,
  author = {Christopher Peacocke and Dana S. Scott},
  title = {A Selective Bibliography of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Oxford University},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;bibliography;}  
  } 

@incollection{ peacocke:1976a,
  author = {Christopher Peacocke},
  title = {Truth Definitions and Actual Languages},
  booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell},
  pages = {162--188},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {davidson-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;
  	speaker-meaning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ peacocke:1976b,
  author = {Christopher Peacocke},
  title = {An Appendix to {D}avid {W}iggins' `Note'\, } ,
  booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell},
  pages = {313--324},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {individual-attitudes;essentialism;davidson-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ peacocke:1977a,
  author = {Christopher Peacocke},
  title = {Review of {\em Linguistic Behaviour}, by {J}onathan
  	{B}ennett},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {74},
  number = {6},
  pages = {367--372},
  xref = {Review of bennett_j:1976a.},
  topic = {philosophy-or-language;semantics;speaker-meaning;Grice;
  	convention;}  
  } 

@article{ peacocke:1978a,
  author = {Christopher Peacocke},
  title = {Necessity and Truth Theories},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {473--500},
  topic = {modal-logic;Davidson-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ peacocke:1979a,
  author = {Christopher Peacocke},
  title = {Deviant Causal Chains},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}:
  	Studies in Metaphysics},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {123--155},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;perception;intention;}  
  } 

@article{ peacocke:1981a,
  author = {Christopher Peacocke},
  title = {Are Vague Predicates Incoherent?},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {94},
  pages = {121--141},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@book{ peacocke:1986a,
  author = {Christopher Peacocke},
  title = {Thoughts: An Essay on Content},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {propositions;propositional-attitudes;}  
 } 

@book{ peacocke:1992a,
  author = {Christopher Peacocke},
  title = {Concepts},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-66097-0},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;concept-grasping;}  
 } 

@article{ peacocke:1993a,
  author = {Christopher Peacocke},
  title = {Externalist Explanation},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {93},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {203--230},
  topic = {explanation;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@article{ peacocke:2001a,
  author = {Christopher Peacocke},
  title = {Does Perception have a Nonperceptual Content?},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {98},
  number = {5},
  pages = {239--264},
  topic = {philosophy-of-perception;}  
  } 

@article{ peacocke:2002a,
  author = {Christopher Peacocke},
  title = {Principles for Possibilitia},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {36},
  number = {3},
  pages = {486--508},
  topic = {possible-worlds-semantics;logic-of-existence;} 
  } 

@techreport{ pearce-rantala:1981a,
  author = {David Pearce and Veikko Rantala},
  title = {On a New Approach to Metascience},
  institution = {Department of Philosophy, University of Helsinki},
  number = {1},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {model-theory;philosophy-of-science;} 
  } 

@book{ pearce-wagner:1992a,
  editor = {David Pearce and Gerd Wagner},
  title = {Logics in AI: Proceedings of the {E}uropean Workshop
  	{JELIA} '92, {B}erlin, {G}ermany, September 7-10, 1992},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-540-55887-X (Softcover)},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;}  
 } 

@article{ pearce_d-rantala:1984a,
  author = {David Pearce and Veikko Rantala},
  title = {A Logical Study of the Correspondence Relation},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--84},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;formalizations-of-physics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pearce_d:1995a,
  author = {David Pearce},
  title = {Epistemic Operators and Knowledge-Based Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {Akedemie Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {1--24},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pearce_d:1996a,
  author = {David Pearce},
  title = {Answer Sets and Constructive Logic. Part {I}: Monotonic
  	Databases},
  booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in
  	Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott},
  pages = {392--414},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {stable-models;logic-programming;constructive-falsity;}  
  } 

@article{ pearl:1980a,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Asymptotic Properties of Minimax Trees and Game-Searching
  	Procedures},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {113--138},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The model most frequently used for evaluating the behavior of
     game-searching methods consists of a uniform tree of height h
     and a branching degree d, where the terminal positions are
     assigned random, independent and identically distributed values.
     This paper highlights some curious properties of such trees when
     h is very large and examines their implications on the
     complexity of various game-searching methods.
      If the terminal positions are assigned a WIN-LOSS status with
     the probabilities P0 and 1 - P0, respectively, then the root
     node is almost a sure WIN or a sure LOSS, depending on whether
     P0 is higher or lower than some fixed-point probability P*(d).
     When the terminal positions are assigned continuous real values
     the minimax value of the root node converges rapidly to a unique
     predetermined value v*, which is the (1 - P*)-fractile of the
     terminal distribution.
      Exploiting these properties we show that a game with WIN-LOSS
     terminals can be solved by examining, on the average, O[(d)h/2]
     terminal positions if P0 [/=] P* and O[(P*/(1 - P*))h] positions
     if P0 = P*, the former performance being optimal for all search
     algorithms.  We further show that a game with continuous terminal
     values can be evaluated by examining an average of O[(P*/(1 -
     P*))h] positions, and that this is a lower bound for all
     directional algorithms.  Games with discrete terminal values can
     in almost all cases be evaluated by examining an average of
     O[(d)h/2] terminal positions.  This performance is optimal and is
     also achieved by the ALPHA-BETA procedure.  } ,
  topic = {search;game-trees;}  
  } 

@article{ pearl:1983a,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Knowledge Versus Search: A Quantitative Analysis
  	Using A*},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--13},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper analyzes the average number of nodes expanded by A*
     as a function of the accuracy of its heuristic estimates, by
     treating the errors h* - h as random variables whose
     distribution may vary over the nodes in the graph.  The search
     model consists of an m-ary tree with unit branch costs and a
     unique goal state situated at a distance N from the root.
       The main result states that if the typical error grows like
     [phi](h*) then the mean complexity of A* grows approximately
     like G(N) exp[c[phi](N)], where c is a positive constant and
     G(N) is O(N2).  Thus, a necessary and sufficient condition for
     maintaining polynomial search complexity is that A* be guided by
     heuristics with logarithmic precision, e.g.  [phi](N) = (log
     N)k.  A* is shown to make much greater use of its heuristic
     knowledge than a backtracking procedure would under similar
     conditions.  } ,
  topic = {search;complexity-in-AI;AI-algorithms-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ pearl:1983b,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {On the Nature of Pathology in Game Searching},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {427--453},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Game-playing programs usually process the estimates attached to
     game positions through repeated minimax operations, as if these
     were true terminal payoffs.  This process introduces a spurious
     noise which degrades the quality of the decisions and, in the
     extreme case, may cause a pathological phenomenon: the deeper we
     search the worse we play.
      Using a probabilistic game model, this paper examines the
     nature of this distortion, quantifies its magnitude, determines
     the conditions when its damage is curtailed and explains why
     search-depth pathology (the extreme manifestation of minimax
     distortion) is rarely observed in common games.  } ,
  topic = {game-tree-pathology;search;game-trees;game-playing;}  
  } 

@article{ pearl:1986a,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Fusion, Propagation, and Structuring in Belief Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {29},
  number = {3},
  pages = {241--288},
  xref = {Commentary: pearl:1993a.},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ pearl:1987a,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Embracing Causality in Formal Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Kenneth Forbus and Howard Shrobe},
  pages = {369--373},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  xref = {See for journal publication.},
  topic = {kr;causal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@techreport{ pearl:1987b,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {A Probabilistic Treatment of the {Y}ale Shooting Problem},
  institution = {UCLA, Computer Science Department},
  number = {CSF--8700XX},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Los Angeles, California},
  topic = {kr;Yale-shooting-problem;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ pearl:1987c,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Evidential Reasoning Using Stochastic
  	Simulation of Causal Models},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {32},
  number = {2},
  pages = {245--257},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Stochastic simulation is a method of computing probabilities by
     recording the fraction of time that events occur in a random
     series of scenarios generated from some causal model.  This paper
     presents an efficient, concurrent method of conducting the
     simulation which guarantees that all generated scenarios will be
     consistent with the observed data.  It is shown that the
     simulation can be performed by purely local computations,
     involving products of parameters given with the initial
     specification of the model.  Thus, the method proposed renders
     stochastic simulation a powerful technique of coherent
     inferencing, especially suited for tasks involving complex,
     nondecomposable models where ``ballpark'' estimates of
     probabilities will suffice.  } ,
  topic = {stochastic-modeling;causal-modeling;}  
  } 

@article{ pearl:1987d,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Distributed Revision of Composite Beliefs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {33},
  number = {2},
  pages = {173--215},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper extends the applications of belief network models to
     include the revision of belief ``commitments'', i.e., the
     categorical acceptance of a subset of hypotheses which,
     together, constitute the most satisfactory explanation of the
     evidence at hand.  A coherent model of nonmonotonic reasoning is
     introduced, and distributed algorithms for belief revision are
     presented.  We show that, in singly connected networks, the most
     satisfactory explanation can be found in linear time by a
     message-passing algorithm similar to the one used in belief
     updating.  In multiply connected networks, the problem may be
     exponentially hard but, if the network is sparse, topological
     considerations can be used to render the interpretation task
     tractable.  In general, finding the most probable combination of
     hypotheses is no more complex than computing the degree of
     belief for any individual hypothesis.  Applications to circuit
     and medical diagnosis are illustrated.  } ,
  topic = {belief-revision;nonmonotonic-reasoning;diagnosis;
  	message-passing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@book{ pearl:1988a,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems:
  	Networks of Plausible Inference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Review: andersen_sk:1991a.},
  ISBN = {0934613737},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;reasoning-about-uncertainty;
  	uncertainty-in-AI;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ pearl:1988b,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Embracing Causality in Default Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {2},
  pages = {259--271},
  topic = {causality;causal-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pearl:1988c,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Evidential Reasoning Under Uncertainty},
  booktitle = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Howard E. Shrobe},
  pages = {381--418},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;kr-courses;}  
  } 

@article{ pearl:1988d,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Embracing Causality in Default Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {2},
  pages = {259--271},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The purpose of this note is to draw attention to certain aspects
     of causal reasoning which are pervasive in ordinary discourse
     yet, based on the author's scan of the literature, have not
     received due treatment by logical formalisms of common-sense
     reasoning.  In a nutshell, it appears that almost every default
     rule falls into one of two categories: expectation-evoking or
     explanation-evoking.  The former describes association among
     events in the outside world (e.g., fire is typically accompanied
     by smoke); the latter describes how we reason about the world
     (e.g., smoke normally suggests fire).  This distinction is
     consistently recognized by people and serves as a tool for
     controlling the invocation of new default rules.  This note
     questions the ability of formal systems to reflect common-sense
     inferences without acknowledging such distinction and outlines a
     way in which the flow of causation can be summoned within the
     formal framework of default logic.  } ,
  topic = {causality;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pearl:1989a,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Probabilistic Semantics for Nonmonotonic Reasoning: A Survey},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {505--516},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;probability-semantics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pearl:1990a,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {System {Z}: a Natural Ordering of Defaults With Tractable
  	Applications to Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {121--138},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;probabilistic-reasoning;
  	qualitative-probability;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pearl:1990b,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Which Is More Believable: The Probably Provable or the
  	Provably Probable?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth Canadian Conference on {AI}},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {1--7},
  missinginfo = {organization,  publisher,  address, check topic},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pearl:1990c,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {{J}effrey's Rule, Passage of Experience, and
  	Neo-{B}ayesianism},
  booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson},
  pages = {245--265},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pearl:1990d,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {System {Z}:  A Natural Ordering of Defaults with
  	Tractible Applications to Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {29--39},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ pearl:1990e,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Reasoning Under Uncertainty},
  journal = {Annual Review of Computer Science},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {37--72},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pearl:1991b,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Probabilistic Semantics for Nonmonotonic
		Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock},
  pages = {157--187},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;probability-semantics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pearl-verma:1991a1,
  author = {Judea Pearl and Tom S. Verma},
  title = {A Theory of Inferred Causation},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {441--452},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;causal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pearl-verma:1991a2,
  author = {Judea Pearl and Tom S. Verma},
  title = {A Theory of Inferred Causation},
  booktitle = {Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science IX},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Dag Prawitz and Brian Skyrms and Dag Westerstahl},
  pages = {789--811},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {kr;causal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@techreport{ pearl:1993a,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {From Bayesian Networks to Causal Networks},
  institution = {Cognitive Systems Laboratory, UCLA},
  number = {R--195--LLL},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Los Angeles, California},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;causal-networks;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pearl:1993b,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {From Conditional Oughts to Qualitative Decision Theory},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Uncertainty in
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {David E. Heckerman and Abe Mamdani},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {12--20},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ pearl:1993c,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Belief Networks Revisited},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {49--56},
  xref = {Retrospective commentary on pearl:1986a.},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pearl:1994a,
   author = {Judea Pearl},
   title = {A Probabilistic Calculus of Actions},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Uncertainty in
   		Artificial Intelligence},
   year = {1994},
   missinginfo = {pages,editor,publisher,address},
   topic = {Bayesian-networks,actions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pearl:1994b,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {From {A}dams' Conditionals to Default Expressions, Causal
  	Conditionals, and Counterfactuals},
  booktitle = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational
       Decision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {47--74},
  editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {conditionals;causality;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pearl:1995a1,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Causation, Action, and Counterfactuals},
  booktitle = {Computational Learning and Probabilistic Learning},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Alexander Gammerman},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {pearl:1995a2},
  topic = {action;causality;conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pearl:1995a2,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Causation, Action, and Counterfactuals},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {51--73},
  address = {San Francisco},
  xref = {pearl:1995a2},
  topic = {action;causality;conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pearl:1995b,
 author = {Judea Pearl},
 title = {Action as a Local Surgery},
 booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theories and Applications},
 year = {1995},
 organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
 address = {Menlo Park, California},
 contentnote = {Discusses compact representation for actions, plans.},
 missinginfo = {pages},
 topic = {action;}  
 } 

@techreport{ pearl:1995c1,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Causation, Action, and Counterfactuals},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, UCLA},
  number = {R--233-U},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Los Angeles, California},
  xref = {Publication in Collection: pearl:1995c2.},
  topic = {causality;action;conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pearl:1995c2,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Causation, Action, and Counterfactuals},
  Booktitle = {Computational Learning and Probabilistic Reasoning},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {A. Gammerman},
  pages = {235--255},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {In-Collection Publication of: pearl:1995c1.},
  topic = {causality;action;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ pearl:1995d,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Causal Diagrams for Empirical Research (with Discussion)},
  journal = {Biometrika},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {82},
  number = {4},
  pages = {669--709},
  topic = {causal-networks;}  
  } 

@techreport{ pearl:1996a,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {The Art and Science of Cause and Effect},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, UCLA},
  number = {R--248},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Los Angeles, California},
  topic = {causality;foundations-of-statistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pearl-goldszmidt:1996a,
  author = {Judea Pearl and Mois\'es Goldszmidt},
  title = {Probabilistic Foundations of Reasoning with Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Gerhard Brewka},
  pages = {33--68},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {conditionals;probability-semantics;belief-revision;
  	causality;}  
  } 

@techreport{ pearl:1997a,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {The New Challenge: From a Century of Statistics to the Age of
  	Causation},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, UCLA},
  number = {R--249},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Los Angeles, California},
  topic = {causality;foundations-of-statistics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ pearl:1997c,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Graphs, Causality, and Structural Equation Models},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, UCLA},
  number = {R--253},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Los Angeles, California},
  topic = {causality;causal-networks;}  
  } 

@techreport{ pearl:1998a,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Probabilities of Causation: Three Counterfactual
  	Interpretations and Their Identification},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, UCLA},
  number = {R--261},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Los Angeles, California},
  topic = {causality;conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pearl:1998b,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Actions, Causes, and Counterfactuals: Lessons
	from Mechanism-Based Theories},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  year = {1998},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  pages = {55},
  note = {Abstract.},
  topic = {causality;causal-modeling;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pearl:1998c,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Graphical Models for Probabilistic and Causal Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 1:  Quantified Representation
		of Uncertainty and Imprecision},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {367--389},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@techreport{ pearl:1999a,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Reasoning with Cause and Effect},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, UCLA},
  number = {R--265},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Los Angeles, California},
  topic = {causality;causal-modeling;conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ pearl:2000a,
  author = {Judea Pearl},
  title = {Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0-521-77362-8},
  ISBN = {0521773628 (hardback)},
  xref = {Review: hitchcock:2001a.},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;causality;action;conditionals;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pears:1969a,
  author = {David F. Pears},
  title = {An Original Philosopher},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd.},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {49--58},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pears:1973a,
  author = {David F. Pears},
  title = {Ifs and Cans},
  booktitle = {Essays on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Isiah Berlin et al.},
  pages = {90--140},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;conditionals;freedom;}  
  } 

@article{ pears-pugmire:1982a,
  author = {David F. Pears and David Pugmire},
  title = {Motivated Irrationality},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian {S}ociety},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {Supplementary Volume 56},
  pages = {157--178},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;self-deception;irrationality;}  
  } 

@book{ pears:1998a,
  author = {David F. Pears},
  title = {Motivated Irrationality},
  publisher = {St. Augustine's Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {South Bend, Indiana},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;self-deception;irrationality;}  
 } 

@book{ pearson:1998a,
  author = {Jennifer Pearson},
  title = {Terms In Context},
  publisher = {J. Benjamins},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {1556193424},
  topic = {collocations;corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ pease_a1-etal:2000a,
  author = {Adam Pease and Vinay Chaudhri and Fritz Lehmann and
  	Adam Fahrquhar},
  title = {Practical Knowledge Representation and the {DARPA} High
  	Performance Knowledge Bases Project},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {717--724},
  topic = {knowledge-engineering;computational-ontology;
  	macro-formalization;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pease_a2-etal:2002a,
  author = {Allison Pease and Simon Colton and Alan Smaill and John Lee},
  title = {Semantic Negotiation: Modelling Ambiguity in Dialogue},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {125--132},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {ambiguity;negotiation;discourse;} 
  } 

@article{ pease_m-etal:1980a,
  author = {M. Pease and R. Shostak and Leslie Lamport},
  title = {Reaching Agreement in the Presence of Faults},
  journal = {Journal of the {ACM}},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {228--234},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@article{ peckhaus:1999a,
  author = {Volker Peckhaus},
  title = {19th Century Logic Between Philosophy and Mathematics},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {199},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {433--450},
  topic = {history-of-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pedersen-etal:1996a,
  author = {Ted Pedersen and Mehmet Kayaalp and Rebecca Bruce},
  title = {Significant Lexical Relationships},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {455--460},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {corpus-statistics;computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pedersen-bruce:1997a,
  author = {Ted Pedersen and Rebecca Bruce},
  title = {Distinguishing Word Senses
				in Untagged Text},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {197--207},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;lexical-disambiguation;
		corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ pednault-etal:1981a,
  author = {Edwin P.D. Pednault and Steven W. Zucker and L.V. Muresan},
  title = {On the Independence Assumption Underlying Subjective
  	{B}ayesian Updating},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {16},
  number = {2},
  pages = {213--222},
  missinginfo = {A's 1'st name.},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@techreport{ pednault:1985a,
  author = {Edwin P.D. Pednault},
  title = {Preliminary Report on a Theory of Plan Synthesis},
  type = {Technical Note},
  number = {358},
  institution = {AI Center, SRI International},
  month = {September},
  year = {1985},
  topic = {planning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pednault:1986a,
  author = {Edwin P.D. Pednault},
  title = {Formulating Multiagent, Dynamic-World Problems in the Classical
  	Planning Framework},
  booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky},
  pages = {47--82},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {action-formalisms;concurrent-actions;multiagent-planning;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ pednault:1986b,
  author = {Edwin P.D. Pednault},
  title = {Toward a Mathematical Theory of Plan Synthesis},
  school = {Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University},
  year = {1986},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {planning;}  
 } 

@article{ pednault:1988a,
  author = {Edwin P.D. Pednault},
  title = {Synthesizing Plans that Contain Actions with Context
  	Dependent Effects},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {324--372},
  topic = {planning;actions;action-effects;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pednault:1988b,
  author = {Edwin P.D. Pednault},
  title = {{\sc adl}: Exploring the Middle Ground Between {\sc strips} 
  	and the Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {324--332},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;planning;planning-formalisms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pednault:1989a,
  author = {Edwin P.D. Pednault},
  title = {{ADL}: Exploring the Middle Ground between {STRIPS} and the
  	Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {324--332},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {planning-formalisms;situation-calculus;STRIPS;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pedrazzini-hoffman:1998a,
  author = {Sandro Pedrazzini and Marcus Hoffman},
  title = {Using Genericity to Create Customizable Finite State
  	Tools},
  booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State
  	Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Lauri Karttunen},
  pages = {110--117},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;finite-state-nlp;construction-of-FSA;}  
  } 

@book{ peeters:2000a,
  editor = {Bert Peeters},
  title = {The Lexicon-Encyclopedia Interface},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0080435912 (hardcover)},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ peetz:1974a,
  author = {Vera Peetz},
  title = {Fogelin on {A}ustinian Ifs},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {83},
  number = {332},
  pages = {594--595},  
  topic = {JL-Austin;ability;conditionals;freedom;}  
  } 

@incollection{ peirce:1955a,
  author = {Charles Sanders Peirce},
  title = {Abduction and Induction},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Writings of {P}eirce},
  publisher = {Dover Books},
  year = {1955},
  editor = {J. Buchler},
  pages = {150--156},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@techreport{ pelavin:1988a,
  author = {Richard N. Pelavin},
  title = {Planning With Simultaneous Actions and External Events},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, University of
		Rochester},
  number = {254},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Rochester, NY},
  topic = {planning;concurrent-actions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pelavin:1991a,
  author = {Richard N. Pelavin},
  title = {Planning With Simultaneous Actions and External Events},
  booktitle = {Reasoning about Plans},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Henry Kautz and Richard Pelavin and
  	Joshua Tennenberg},
  pages = {127--211},
  address = {Francisco, California},
  topic = {planning;concurrent-actions;}  
  } 

@article{ pelczar:2000a,
  author = {Michael Pelczar},
  title = {Wittgensteinian Semantics},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {34},
  number = {4},
  pages = {483--516},
  topic = {ambiguity;indexicals;Wittgenstein;family-resenblance;}  
  } 

@article{ pelletier:1974a,
  author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  title = {On Some Proposals for the Semantics of Mass Nouns},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {87--108},
  topic = {nl-semantics;mass-term-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ pelletier:1977a,
  author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  title = {Or},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1/2},
  pages = {60--74},
  topic = {disjunction-in-nl;ambiguity;}  
  } 

@article{ pelletier:1977b,
  author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  title = {How/Why Does Linguistics Matter to Philosophy?  A Critical
  	Notice of Some Recent Works on the Borderline of
	Linguistics and Philosophy},
  journal = {The Southern Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3},
  pages = {393--426},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-and-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ pelletier:1979a,
  editor = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  title = {Mass Terms: Some Philosophical Problems},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
	1. Francis Jeffry Pelletier, "Non-Singular Reference: Some
		Preliminaries"
        2. Robert X. Ware, "Some Bits and Pieces"
        3. Helen M. Cartwright, "Some Remarks about Mass Nouns and Plurality"
        4. Francis Jeffry Pelletier, "Sharvy on Mass Predication"
        5. Eddy M. Zemach, "Four Ontologies"
        6. Eddy M. Zemach, "On the Adequacy of a Type Ontology"
        7. Henry Laycock, "Theories of Matter"
        8. Kathleen C. Cook, "On the Usefulness of Quantities"
        9. Terence Parsons, "An Analysis of Mass Terms and Amount Terms"
       10. Terence Parsons, "Afterthoughts on Mass Terms"
       11. Richard Montague, "The Proper Treatment of Mass Terms in English"
       12. Heken M. Cartwright, "Amounts and Measures of Amount"
       13. Tyler Burge, "Mass Terms, Count Nouns, and Change"
       14. Richard E. Grandy, "Stuff and Things"
       15. Brian F. Chellas, "Quantity and Quantification"
       16. Dov Gabbay and Julius M.E. Moravcsik, "Sameness and Individuation"
       17. H.C Bunt, "Ensembles and the Formal Properties of Mass Terms"
       18. George Bealer, "Predication and Matter"
       19. Francis Jeffry Pelletier, "A Bibliography of Recent
       		Work on Mass Terms"
    } ,
  topic = {mass-terms;}  
 } 

@article{ pelletier:1980a,
  author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  title = {Review of {\it Why Does Language Matter to Philosophy}, by
  	{I}an {H}acking},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {429--436},
  xref = {Review of hacking:1975a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;poststructuralism;}  
  } 

@article{ pelletier:1982a,
  author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  title = {(X)},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {316--326},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ pelletier:1986a,
  author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  title = {Seventy-Five Problems for Testing Automatic Theorem
		Provers},
  journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {191--216},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ pelletier:1988a,
  author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  title = {Vacuous Relatives and the (Non)-Context-Freeness
  	of {E}nglish},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {255--260},
  xref = {Commentary: manasterramer:1991a.},
  topic = {nl-syntax;formal-language-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pelletier-schubert:1989a,
  author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier and Lenhart Schubert},
  title = {Mass Expressions},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume 4},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenthner},
  pages = {327--407},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;mass-terms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pelletier:1991a,
  author = {Francis Jeffry Pelletier},
  title = {Mass Terms},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Metaphysics and Ontology},
  publisher = {Philosophia Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Hans Burkhardt and Barry Smith},
  pages = {495--499},
  address = {Munich},
  topic = {mass-term-semantics;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ pelletier:1994a,
  author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  title = {On an Argument Against Semantic Compositionality},
  year = {1994},
  note = {Forthcoming in D. Prawitz and D. {Westerst\"ahl}, eds.,
      Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, Kluwer.},
  topic = {semantic-compositionality;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ pelletier:1994b,
  author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  title = {The Principle of Semantic Compositionality},
  year = {1994},
  note = {Forthcoming, {\it Topoi}},
  topic = {nl-semantics;semantic-compositionality;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ pelletier:1994c,
  author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  title = {Semantic Compositionality: the Argument from Mind},
  year = {1994},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;semantic-compositionality;}  
  } 

@article{ pelletier-elio:1997a,
  author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier and Ren\'ee Elio},
  title = {What Should Default Reasoning Be, by Default?},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {165--187},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ pelletier:1999a,
  author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  title = {A Brief History of Natural Deduction?},
  journal = {History and Philosophy of Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {1--31},
  topic = {history-of-logic;natural-deduction;}  
  } 

@article{ pelletier:2000a,
  author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  title = {Review of {\it Metamathematics of Fuzzy Logic}, by
  	{P}etr {H}\'ajek},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {342--346},
  xref = {Review of: hajek_p:1998a.},
  topic = {fuzzy-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ pelletier:2001a,
  author = {Francis Jeffry Pelletier},
  title = {Did {F}rege Believe {F}rege's Principle?},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--114},
  topic = {compositionality;Frege;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ pemberton-zhang_wx:1996a,
  author = {Joseph C. Pemberton and Weixiong Zhang},
  title = {Epsilon-Transformation: Exploiting Phase Transitions to
		Solve Combinatorial Optimization Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {81},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {297--325},
  topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;
  	computational-phase-transitions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ penberthy-weld:1992a,
  author = {J. Scott Penberthy and Daniel S. Weld},
  title = {{UCPOP}: A Sound, Complete, Partial Order Planner
  	for {ADL}},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {103--114},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ penco:1999a,
  author = {Carlo Penco},
  title = {Objective and Cognitive Context},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {270--283},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ penco:2001a,
  author = {Carlo Penco},
  title = {Local Holism},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {290--303},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;holism;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ penco:forthcominga,
  author = {Carlo Penco},
  title = {Holism in A.I.?},
  booktitle = {Philosophy of Science in Florence},
  publisher = {Kluwer},
  year = {forthcoming},
  editor =  {Maria L. Dalla Chiara and R. Giuntini and F. Laudisa},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name, pages, date},
  note = {Longer version available at
http://www.lettere.unige.it/sif/strutture/9/epi/hp/penco/pubbli/holism.htm.},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ pendelbury:1980a,
  author = {Michael J. Pendelbury},
  title = {Believing},
  school = {Philosophy Department, University of Indiana},
  year = {1980},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;belief;}  
 } 

@article{ pendelbury:1987a,
  author = {Michael Pendelbury},
  title = {Stalnaker on Inquiry},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  pages = {229--272},
  xref = {Review of stalnaker:1984a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-modality;propositional-attitudes;belief-revision;
		pragmatics;agent-attitudes;belief;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ pendelbury:1990a,
  author = {Michael Pendelbury},
  title = {The Projection Strategy and the Truth Conditions of
  	Conditional Statements},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ peng-reggia:1987a,
  author = {Yun Peng and James A. Reggia},
  title = {A Probabilistic Causal Model for Diagnostic Problem
  	Solving, Part {I}: Integrating Symbolic Causal Inference with
	Numeric Probabilistic Inference},
  journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {SMC-17},
  number = {2},
  pages = {146--162},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@article{ peng-reggia:1987b,
  author = {Yun Peng and James A. Reggia},
  title = {A Probabilistic Causal Model for Diagnostic Problem
  	Solving---Part {II}: Diagnostic Strategy},
  journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {SMC-17},
  number = {3},
  pages = {395--406},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@book{ peng-reggia:1990a,
  author = {Yun Peng and James A. Reggia},
  title = {Abductive Inference Models For Diagnostic
  	Problem-Solving},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387973435 (paper)},
  topic = {abduction;diagnosis;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ penn-thomason_rh:1994a,
  author = {Gerald Penn and Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Default Finite State Machines and Finite State Phonology},
  booktitle = {Computational Phonology: First Meeting of the {ACL} Special
  	Interest Group in Computational Phonology},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Steven Bird},
  pages = {33--42},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Bernardsville, New Jersey},
  topic = {two-level-phonology;default-finite-state-machines;}  
  } 

@article{ penn:2000a,
  author = {Gerald Penn},
  title = {Review of {\it The Mathematics of Syntactic Structures:
  	Trees and Their Logics}, edited by {H}ans-{P}eter {K}olb and 
	{U}we {M}\"onnich},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {274--276},
  xref = {Review of: kolb-monnich:1999a.},
  topic = {mathematical-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ pennanen:1986a,
  author = {Esko V. Pennanen},
  title = {On the So-Called Curative Verbs in {F}innish},
  journal = {Finnish-urgrische {F}orschungen},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {47},
  pages = {163--182},
  topic = {nl-causatives;Finnish-language;}  
  } 

@book{ pennock:1999a,
  author = {Robert T. Pennock},
  title = {Tower of {B}abel: The Evidence against the New
  	Creationism},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-66165-9},
  topic = {creationism;}  
 } 

@incollection{ penrose:1988a,
  author = {Roger Penrose},
  title = {On the Physics and Mathematics of
       		Thought},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {491--522},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {foundations-of-computation;foundations-of-cognition;}  
  } 

@book{ penrose:1989a,
  author = {Roger Penrose},
  title = {The Emperor's New Mind},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Reviews: sloman:1992a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;goedels-first-theorem;
  	goedels-second-theorem;philosophy-of-computation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ penrose:1993a,
  author = {Roger Penrose},
  title = {Setting the Scene: The Claim and the
		Issues},
  booktitle = {The Simulation of Human Intelligence},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Donald Broadbent},
  pages = {1--32},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ penrose:1994a,
  author = {Roger Penrose},
  title = {Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of
  	Consciousness},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;goedels-first-theorem;
  	goedels-second-theorem;philosophy-of-computation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ penrose:1994b,
  author = {Roger Penrose},
  title = {Mathematical Intelligence},
  booktitle = {What is Intelligence?},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jean Khalfa},
  pages = {107--136},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {mathematical-reasoning;foundations-of-computation;
  	goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;}  
  } 

@article{ penther:1994a,
  author = {Brigitte Penther},
  title = {A Dynamic Logic of Action},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {169--210},
  contentnote = {This formalism appears to be heavily influenced by dynamic
  	logic; there seems to be no influence from the branching time
	approaches or the AI formalism.  Read this. Take to MT 97.},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;action;action-formalisms;nondeterministic-action;}  
  } 

@article{ pentland:1986a,
  author = {Alex P. Pentland},
  title = {Shading into Texture},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {29},
  number = {2},
  pages = {147--170},
  topic = {computer-vision;texture;}  
  } 

@article{ pentland:1986b,
  author = {Alex P. Pentland},
  title = {Perceptual Organization and the Representation of Natural
  	Form},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {28},
  number = {3},
  pages = {293--331},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     To support our reasoning abilities perception must recover
     environmental regularities -- e.g., rigidity, ``objectness'',
     axes of symmetry -- for later use by cognition.  To create a
     theory of how our perceptual apparatus can produce meaningful
     cognitive primitives from an array of image intensities we
     require a representation whose elements may be lawfully related
     to important physical regularities, and that correctly describes
     the perceptual organizanion people impose on the stimulus.
     Unfortunately, the representations that are currently available
     were originally developed for other purposes (e.g., physics,
     engineering) and have so far proven unsuitable for the problems
     of perception or common-sense reasoning.  In answer to this
     problem we present a representation that has proven competent to
     accurately describe an extensive variety of natural forms (e.g.,
     people, mountains, clouds, trees), as well as man-made forms, in
     a succinct and nanural manner.  The approach taken in this
     representational system is to describe scene structure at a
     scale that is similar to our naive perceptual notion of ``a
     part'', by use of descriptions that reflect a possible formative
     history of the object, e.g., how the object might have been
     constructed from lumps of clay.  For this representation to be
     useful it must be possible to recover such descriptions from
     image data; we show that the primitive elements of such
     descriptions may be recovered in an overconstrained and
     therefore reliable manner.  We believe that this descriptive
     system makes an important contribution towards solving current
     problems in perceiving and reasoning about natural forms by
     allowing us to construct accurate descriptions that are
     extremely compact and that capture people's intuitive notions
     about the part structure of three-dimensional forms.  } ,
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;spatial-representation;}  
  } 

@article{ pentus:1995a,
  author = {Mati Pentus},
  title = {The Conjoinability Relation in {L}ambek Calculus and
  	Linear Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {121--140},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;linear-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ pentus:1997a,
  author = {Mati Pentus},
  title = {Product-Free {L}ambek Calculus and Context-Free Grammars},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {62},
  number = {2},
  pages = {648--660},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;context-free-grammars;}  
  } 

@article{ pentus:1999a,
  author = {Mati Pentus},
  title = {Review of {\it Type-Logical Semantics}, by {B}ob {C}arpenter},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {64},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1835--1836},
  xref = {Review of carpenter:1998a.},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ peot-shachter:1991a,
  author = {Mark A. Peot and Ross D. Shachter},
  title = {Fusion and Propagation with Multiple Observations in
  	Belief Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {48},
  number = {3},
  pages = {299--318},
  topic = {Bayesian-statistics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ peppas-wobcke:1989a,
  author = {Pavlos Peppas and Wayne Wobcke},
  title = {On the Use of Epistemic Entrenchment in Reasoning
  	about Action},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {324--332},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, CA},
  topic = {planning;}  
  } 

@article{ peppas-etal:2001a,
  author = {Pavlos Peppas and Costas D. Kouras and Mary-Anne Williams},
  title = {Prolegomena to Concise Theories of Action},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {403--418},
  topic = {frame-problem;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pequeno-buchsbaum:1991a,
  author = {Tarcisio Pequeno and Arthur Buchsbaum},
  title = {The Logic of Epistemic Inconsistency},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {453--460},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;hyperintensionality;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ percus:2000a,
  author = {Orin Percus},
  title = {Constraints on Some Other Variables in Syntax},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {173--229},
  topic = {nl-syntax;syntactic-binding;possible-worlds-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ percus:2002a,
  author = {Orin Percus},
  title = {Modelling the Common Ground: The Relevance of Copular
  	Questions},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {133--140},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;individuation;} 
  } 

@incollection{ pereboom:2000a,
  author = {Derk Pereboom},
  title = {Alternative Possibilities and Causal Histories},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {119--137},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {freedom;(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@article{ peregrin:1998a,
  author = {Jaroslav Peregrin},
  title = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2/3},
  pages = {245--264},
  topic = {philosophy-and-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ peregrin:2000a,
  author = {Jaroslav Peregrin},
  title = {The `Natural' and the `Formal'\, } ,
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--101},
  topic = {philosophy-of-logic;analyticity;}  
  } 

@article{ pereira_f-warren:1980a,
  author = {Fernando C.N. Pereira and David H.D. Warren},
  title = {Definite Clause Grammars for Language Analysis---A
		  Survey of the Formalism and a Comparison with
		  Augmented Transition Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence } ,
  year = {1980},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {231--278},
  topic = {definite-clause-grammars;}  
} 

@techreport{ pereira_f:1983a,
  author = {Fernando Pereira},
  title = {Logic for Natural Language Analysis},
  institution = {SRI International},
  number = {Technical Note 275},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@book{ pereira_f-shieber:1987a,
  author = {Fernando C.N. Pereira and Stuart N. Shieber},
  title = {Prolog and Natural-Language Analysis},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  xref = {Review: shankar:1989a.},
  topic = {prolog;nlp-programming;nl-processing;}  
 } 

@article{ pereira_f-pollack_me:1991a,
  author = {Martha Pollack},
  title = {Incremental Interpretation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {50},
  number = {1},
  pages = {37--82},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;context;}  
  } 

@article{ pereira_f-grosz:1993a,
  author = {Fernando C.N. Pereira and Barbara J. Grosz},
  title = {Introduction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--15},
  topic = {nl-processing;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pereira_f-etal:1995a,
  author = {Fernando Pereira et al.},
  title = {Beyond Word N-Grams},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very
		Large Corpora},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {95--106},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;
		word-sequence-probabilities;}  
  } 

@article{ perigran:2000a,
  author = {Jaroslav Perigran},
  title = {The `Natural' and the `Formal'\, } ,
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--101},
  topic = {philosophy-of-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ perinbanayagam:1991a,
  author = {R.S. Perinbanayagam},
  title = {Discursive Acts},
  publisher = {Aldine de Gruyter},
  year = {1991},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
} 

@article{ perkins:1965a,
  author = {Moreland Perkins},
  title = {Two Arguments Against a Private Language},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {17},
  pages = {443--459},
  topic = {private-language;}  
  } 

@article{ perkins:1995a,
  author = {David Perkins},
  title = {An Unfair Review of {M}argaret {B}oden's {\it The Creative
  	Mind from the Perspective of Creative Systems}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {79},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--109},
  xref = {Review of boden:1990a.},
  topic = {creativity;}  
  } 

@article{ perkowitz-etzioni:2000a,
  author = {Mike Perkowitz and Oren Etzioni},
  title = {Towards Adaptive Web Sites: Conceptual Framework and Case
  	Study},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {118},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {245--275},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Today's Web sites are intricate but not intelligent; while Web
     navigation is dynamic and idiosyncratic, all too often Web sites
     are fossils cast in HTML. In response, this paper investigates
     adaptive Web sites: sites that automatically improve their
     organization and presentation by learning from visitor access
     patterns. Adaptive Web sites mine the data buried in Web server
     logs to produce more easily navigable Web sites.
      To demonstrate the feasibility of adaptive Web sites, the paper
     considers the problem of index page synthesis and sketches a
     solution that relies on novel clustering and conceptual
     clustering techniques.  Our preliminary experiments show that
     high-quality candidate index pages can be generated
     automatically, and that our techniques outperform existing
     methods (including the Apriori algorithm, K-means clustering,
     hierarchical agglomerative clustering, and COBWEB) in this
     domain.},
  topic = {machine-learning;adaptive-web-sites;AI-and-the-internet;
  	data-mining;}  
  } 

@article{ perlin:1992a,
  author = {Mark Perlin},
  title = {Arc Consistency for Factorable Relations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {53},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {329--342},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     An optimal arc consistency algorithm AC-4 was given by Mohr and
     Henderson [8].  AC-4 has cost O(ed2), and cost (nd2) for scene
     labelling.  Although their algorithm is indeed optimal, under
     certain conditions a constraint satisfaction problem can be
     transformed into a less complex problem.  In this paper, we
     present conditions and mechanisms for such representational
     transformations, and show how to factor relations into more
     manageable components.  We describe how factorization can reduce
     AC-4's cost to O(ed), and apply this result to Rete match.
     Further, with our factorization, the cost of scene labelling is
     reduced to O(nd).  } ,
  topic = {arc-(in)consistency;constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@article{ perlis:1985a,
  author = {Donald Perlis},
  title = {Languages With Self-Reference {I}: Foundations (Or: We Can
  	Have Everything in First-Order Logic!)},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {25},
  number = {3},
  pages = {301--322},
  topic = {self-reference;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ perlis:1986a,
  author = {Donald Perlis},
  title = {Self-Reference, Knowledge, Belief, and Modality},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Maryland},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {self-reference;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ perlis-minker_j:1986a,
  author = {Donald Perlis and Jack Minker},
  title = {Completeness Results for Circumscription},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--42},
  topic = {circumscription;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@article{ perlis:1987a1,
  author = {Donald Perlis},
  title = {On the Consistency of Commonsense Reasoning},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {28},
  pages = {29--42},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: perlis:1987a1.},
  topic = {common-sense;}  
  } 

@incollection{ perlis:1987a2,
  author = {Donald Perlis},
  title = {On the Consistency of Commonsense Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {56--66},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication of: perlis:1987a1.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ perlis:1987b,
  author = {Donald Perlis},
  title = {A Bibliography of Literature on Non-Monotonic
         Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {466--477},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ perlis:1987c,
  author = {Donald Perlis},
  title = {Circumscribing with Sets},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {31},
  number = {2},
  pages = {201--211},
  topic = {circumscription;}  
  } 

@article{ perlis:1988a,
  author = {Donald Perlis},
  title = {Languages with Self-Reference {II}: Knowledge, Belief,
  	and Modality},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {34},
  number = {2},
  pages = {179--212},
  topic = {self-reference;semantic-paradoxes;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ perlis:1988b,
  author = {Donald Perlis},
  title = {Autocircumscription},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {36},
  number = {2},
  pages = {223--236},
  topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ perlis-kraus:1988a,
  author = {Donald Perlis and Sarit Kraus},
  title = {Names and Non-Monotonicity},
  institution = {Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of
  	Maryland},
  number = {TR--88--94},
  year = {1988},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {nm-ling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ perlis:1990a,
  author = {Donald Perlis},
  title = {Thing and Thought},
  booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson},
  pages = {99--117},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {self-reference;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ perlis-purang:1996a,
  author = {Donald Perlis and Khemdut Parang},
  title = {Conversational Adequacy: Mistakes are the Essence (Revised
  	Version)},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	University of Maryland.},
  topic = {discourse;miscommunication;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ perlis-purang:1996b,
  author = {Donald Perlis},
  title = {Sources of, and Exploiting, Inconsistency: Preliminary
  	Report},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	University of Maryland.},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;inconsistency;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ perlis:1999a,
  author = {Don Perlis},
  title = {Status Report on Beliefs---Preliminary Version},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {reasoning-about-attitudes;belief;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ perlis-etal:1999a,
  author = {Donald Perlis and Khemdut Purang and Darsana
			Purushothaman and Carl Anderson and David Traum},
  title = {Modeling Time and Meta-Reasoning in Dialogue via
			Inductive Logic},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {93--99},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;active-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ perlis:2000a,
  author = {Don Perlis},
  title = {The Role of Belief in {AI}},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {361--374},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;reasoning-about-attitudes;belief;
  	hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ perloff-wirth:1976a,
  author = {Michael N. Perloff and Jessica R. Wirth},
  title = {On Independent Motivation},
  booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Jessica R. Wirth},
  pages = {95--110},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ perloff:1991a,
  author = {Michael Perloff},
  title = {{\it Stit} and the Language of Agency},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {86},
  number = {3},
  pages = {379--408},
  topic = {agency;stit;}  
  } 

@article{ perner-garnham:1988a,
  author = {Josef Perner and Alan Garnham},
  title = {Conditions for Mutuality},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3/4},
  pages = {369--385},
  topic = {mutual-beliefs;}  
  } 

@book{ perner:1991a,
  author = {Josef Perner},
  title = {Understanding the Representational Mind},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation;
  	propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
 } 

@incollection{ perner-howes:1995a,
  author = {Josef Perner and Deborrah Howes},
  title = {`{H}e Thinks He Knows': and More Developmental Evidence
		against the Simulation (Role-Taking) Theory},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {159--173},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;developmental-psychology;
  	mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ perrault-etal:1978a,
  author = {C. Raymond Perrault and James F. Allen and Philip R. Cohen},
  title = {Speech Acts as a Basis for Understanding Dialogue Coherence},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Issues in Natural Language Processing},
  year = {1978},
  address = {University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaigne},
  month = {July},
  missinginfo = {Editor, Organization, Publisher},
  topic = {speech-acts;discourse-planning;coherence;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ perrault-allen_jf:1980a,
  author = {C. Raymond Perrault and James F. Allen},
  title = {A Plan-Based Analysis of Indirect Speech Acts},
  journal = {American Journal of Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {167---182},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;indirect-speech-acts;}  
  } 

@incollection{ perrault:1986a,
  author = {C. Raymond Perrault},
  title = {An Application of Default Logic to Speech Act Theory},
  booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky},
  pages = {161--185},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;nm-ling;nonmonotonic-logic;}
  	} 

@incollection{ perrault-grosz:1986b,
  author = {Raymond C. Perrault and Barbara J. Grosz},
  title = {Natural Language  Interfaces},
  booktitle = {Annual Review of Computer Science},
  publisher = {Annual Reviews Inc.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {J.F. Traub},
  pages = {435--452},
  address = {Palo Alto, California},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {nl-interfaces;}  
  } 

@incollection{ perrault-grosz:1988a,
  author = {C. Raymond Perrault and Barbara J. Grosz},
  title = {Natural-Language Interfaces},
  booktitle = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Howard E. Shrobe},
  pages = {133--172},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-survey;nl-kr;kr-course;nl-interfaces;}  
  } 

@article{ perrault:1993a,
  author = {C. Raymond Perrault},
  title = {Review of {\it Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to
  	Semantics}, by {G}ennaro {C}hierchia and {S}ally
	{M}c{C}onnell-{G}inet)},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {493--502},
  xref = {Review of chierchia-mcconnellginet:1992a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ perretclermont-etal:1991a,
  author = {Anne-Nelly Perret-Clermont and Jean-Fran{\c}ois Perret and Nancy 
     		Bell},
  title = {The Social Construction of Meaning and Cognitive 
		Activity in Elementary School Children},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and 
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {41--62},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ perry:1984a,
  author = {John Perry},
  title = {Contradictory Situations},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {313--324},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {situation-theory;paraconsistency;}  
  } 

@incollection{ perry:1998a2,
  author = {John Perry},
  title = {Indexicals, Contexts, and Unarticulated Constituents},
  booktitle = {Computing Natural Language},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl},
  pages = {1--11},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  xref = {Conference publication: perry:1998a1.},
  topic = {indexicals;context;semantics-of-proper-names;
  	philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ perry_j:1977a,
  author = {John Perry},
  title = {Frege on Demonstratives},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {86},
  pages = {474--497},
  number = {4},
  topic = {Frege;demonstratives;indexicals;}  
  } 

@article{ perry_j:1980a,
  author = {John Perry},
  title = {A Problem about Continued Belief},
  journal = {Pacific Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {61},
  pages = {317--332},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;belief;}  
  } 

@incollection{ perry_j:1983a,
  author = {John Perry},
  title = {Casta\~neda on He and {I}},
  booktitle = {Agent, Language, and The Structure of the World: Essays
    Presented to {H}ector-{N}eri {C}asta\~neda, with His Replies},
  publisher = {Hackett Publishing Co.},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  address = {Indianapolis, Indiana},
  topic = {indexicals;}  
  } 

@article{ perry_j:1986a,
  author = {John Perry},
  title = {From Worlds to Situations},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {83--81},
  topic = {situation-theory;possible-worlds-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ perry_j:1986b,
  author = {John Perry},
  title = {Perception, Action, and the Structure of Believing},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {333--361},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {belief;}  
  } 

@incollection{ perry_j:1986c,
  author = {John Perry},
  title = {Indexicals and Demonstratives},
  booktitle = {A Companion to the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Crispin Wright and Bob Hale},
  pages = {586--612},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at
	http:\\www.csli.stanford.edu/\user{}john/PHILPAPERS/shortind.pdf.},
  topic = {indexicals;demonstratives;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ perry_j:1997a,
  author = {John Perry},
  title = {Reflexivity, Indexicality, and Names},
  booktitle = {Direct Reference, Indexicality, and Names},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {W.  Kunne et al.},
  pages = {3--19},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  missinginfo = {editors},
  note = {Also available at
		http:\\www.csli.stanford.edu/\user{}john/PHILPAPERS/names.pdf.},
  topic = {indexicals;semantics-of-proper-names;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ perry_j:1998a1,
  author = {John Perry},
  title = {Indexicals, Contexts, and Unarticulated Constituents},
  booktitle = {Direct Reference, and Names},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 1995 {CSLI}-{A}msterdam
		Logic, Language, and Computation Conference},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {W.  Kunne et al.},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  missinginfo = {editors,pages},
  note = {Also available at/
		http:\\www.csli.stanford.edu/\user{}john/PHILPAPERS/context.pdf.},
  xref = {Republication: perry:1998a2},
  topic = {indexicals;context;semantics-of-proper-names;
  	philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ perry_j:1998b,
  author = {John Perry},
  title = {Indexicals, Contexts, and Unarticulated Constituents},
  booktitle = {Computing Natural Language},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl},
  pages = {1--11},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {indexicals;context;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ perry_j:2001a,
  author = {John Perry},
  title = {Knowledge, Possibility, and Consciousness},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-16199-00},
  topic = {consciousness;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@book{ perry_ta:1980a,
  editor = {Thomas A. Perry},
  title = {Evidence and Argumentation in Linguistics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ persson:1981a,
  author = {Ingmar Persson},
  title = {Reasons and Reason-Governed Actions},
  publisher = {Studentlitteratur},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Lund},
  ISBN = {917222360x},
  topic = {reasons-for-acting;}  
 } 

@article{ perszyk:1993a,
  author = {Kenneth j. Perszyk},
  title = {Against Extended Modal Realism},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {205--214},
  topic = {foundations-of-modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ perywoodley:1998a,
  author = {Marie-Paule P\'ery-Woodley},
  title = {Signalling in Written Text: A Corpus-Based Approach},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {79--85},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ peschel-riedel:1977a,
  author = {M. Peschel and C. Riedel},
  title = {Use of Vector Optimization in Multiobjective Decision
  	Making},
  booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  pages = {97--122},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ pesetsky:1982a,
  author = {David Pesetsky},
  title = {Paths and Categories},
  school = {Linguistics Department, Massachusetts Institute of
  	Technology},
  year = {1982},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-syntax;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pesetsky:1987a,
  author = {David Pesetsky},
  title = {Wh-in-Situ: Movement and Unselective Binding},
  booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {98--129},
  topic = {nl-semantics;indefiniteness;}  
  } 

@book{ pesetsky:1994a,
  author = {David Pesetsky},
  title = {Zero Syntax},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-syntax;lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ peter-grote:1999a,
  author = {Gerhard Peter and Brigitte Grote},
  title = {Using Context to Guide Information Search for Preventative
  	Quality Management},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {503--506},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;decision-support;}  
  } 

@incollection{ petermann:1998a,
  author = {U. Petermann},
  title = {Introduction (to Part {II}: Special Calculi and
			Refinements},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ peters:1972a,
  editor = {Stanley Peters},
  title = {Goals of Linguistic Theory},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.},
  year = {1972},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
	1. Charles Fillmore, "On Generativity"
	2. Joseph Emonds, "A Reformulation of Certain Syntactic
		Transformations"
	3. Noam Chomsky, "Some Empirical Issues in the Theory of
		Transformational Grammar"
	4. Paul M. Postal, "The Best Theory"
	5. Stanley Peters, "The Projection Problem: How is a Grammar
		to be Selected?"
	6. Paul Kiparsky, "Explanation in Phonology"
	},
  topic = {linguistic-theory-survey;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ peters:1972b,
  author = {Stanley Peters},
  title = {The Projection Problem:  How is a Grammar to be Selected?},
  booktitle = {Goals of Linguistic Theory},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Stanley Peters},
  pages = {171--188},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;philosophy-of-linguistics;l!-acquisition;}  
  } 

@article{ peterson:1982a,
  author = {Philip L. Peterson},
  title = {Anaphoric Reference to Facts, Propositions, and Events},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {235--276},
  topic = {anaphora;propositions;events;facts;}  
  } 

@article{ peterson:1991a,
  author = {Philip L. Peterson},
  title = {Complexly Fractional Syllogistic Quantifiers},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {287--313},
  topic = {fractional-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ peterson:1994a,
  author = {Philip L. Peterson},
  title = {Attitudinal Opacity},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {2},
  pages = {159--220},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;intensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ peterson:1995a,
  author = {Philip L. Peterson},
  title = {Distribution and Proportion},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {193--225},
  topic = {fractional-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ peterson:1999a,
  author = {Philip L. Peterson},
  title = {The Meanings of Natural Kind Terms},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {137--176},
  topic = {nl-semantics;natural-kinds;}  
  } 

@article{ peterson_dm:2001a,
  author = {Donald M. Peterson},
  title = {Review of {\it The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive
  	Sciences,} edited by {R}obert {A}. {W}ilson and {F}rank {C}. 
	{K}eil},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {130},
  number = {2},
  pages = {213--216},
  xref = {Review of: wilson_ra-keil:1999a.},
  topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ petofi:1974b,
  author = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi},
  title = {Beyond the Sentence, between Linguistics and Logic},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department,
		University of Bielefeld},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {pragmatics;discourse;discourse-structure;}  
  } 

@book{ petofi-rieser:1974a,
  editor = {J\'anos S. Pet\"ofi and Hannes Rieser},
  title = {Presuppositions in Philosophy and Linguistics},
  publisher = {Athen\"aum Verlag},
  year = {1974},
  address = {Frankfurt},
  topic = {presupposition;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ petofi:1976a,
  author = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi},
  title = {Structure and Function of the Grammatical Component of
		the Text-Structure World-Structure Theory},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department,
		University of Bielefeld},
  topic = {text-grammar;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ petofi:1976b,
  author = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi},
  title = {A Formal Semiotic Text Theory as an Integrated Theory of
		Natural Language},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department,
		University of Bielefeld},
  topic = {text-grammar;discourse;pragmatics;semiotics;}  
  } 

@book{ petofi-bredemeier:1977a,
  editor = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi and J\"urgen Bredemeier},
  title = {Das {L}exikon in der {G}rammatik, die {G}rammatik im {L}exikon},
  publisher = {Buske},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Hamburg},
  ISBN = {3871182885 (v. 1)},
  topic = {lexicon;}  
 } 

@book{ petofi:1979a,
  editor = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi},
  title = {Text Vs. Sentence: Basic Questions of Text Linguistics},
  publisher = {H. Buske},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Hamburg},
  ISBN = {3871183679},
  topic = {text-grammar;discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ petofi:1981a,
  editor = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi},
  title = {Text Vs Sentence, Continued},
  publisher = {H. Buske},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Hamburg},
  ISBN = {3871184802},
  topic = {text-grammar;discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ petofi:1983a,
  editor = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi},
  title = {Texte und {S}achverhalte: {A}spekte der {W}ort- und
  	{T}extbedeutung},
  publisher = {H. Buske},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Hamburg},
  ISBN = {3871186007},
  topic = {text-grammar;discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ petofi_ja:1974b,
  author = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi},
  title = {Some Remarks on `Formal Pragmatics'\, } ,
  booktitle = {Probleme der modeltheoretische {I}nterpretation den {T}exten},
  publisher = {Buske},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi},
  pages = {1--13},
  address = {Hamburg},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ petofi_ja:1974c,
  author = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi},
  title = {Some Aspects of a Multi-Purpose Thesaurus},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department,
		University of Bielefeld},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@book{ petofi_js-rieser:1973a,
  editor = {J\'anos S. Pet\"ofi and Hannes Rieser},
  title = {Studies in Text Grammar},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1973},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
 } 

@book{ petofi_js:1974a,
  author = {J\'anos S. Pet\"ofi},
  title = {Probleme der Modelltheoretischen Interpretation von Texten},
  publisher = {Buske},
  year = {1974},
  address = {Hamburg},
  ISBN = {3871181498},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
} 

@book{ petofi_js:1981a,
  author = {J\'anos S. Pet\"ofi},
  title = {Text, {K}ontext, {I}nterpretation: {E}inige {A}spekte der
    {T}exttheoretischen {F}orschung},
  publisher = {Buske},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Hamburg},
  ISBN = {3871185035},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ petofi_js:1987a,
  editor = {J\'anos S. Pet\"ofi},
  title = {Text and Discourse Constitution: Empirical Aspects
  	Theoretical Approaches},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0899253261},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ petrick-levesque:2002a,
  author = {Ronald P.A. Petrick and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Knowledge Equivalence in Combined Action Theories},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {303--314},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;epistemic-logic;temporal-reasoning;action-formalisms;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ petrie:1991a,
  author = {Charles J. {Petrie, Jr.}},
  title = {Context Maintenance},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
       Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown},
  pages = {288--295},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {context;truth-maintenance;heuristics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ petronio:1985a,
  author = {Karen Petronio},
  title = {Bare Noun Phrases Verbs and Quantification in {ASL}},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {603--618},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;American-sign-language;}  
  } 

@book{ pettit-mcdowell:1986a,
  editor = {Philip Pettit and John H. McDowell},
  title = {Subject, Thought, and Context},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198247362},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@article{ pettit:1988a,
  author = {Philip Pettit},
  title = {The Prisoner's Dilemma is an Unexploitable
  	{N}ewcomb Problem},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1},
  pages = {123--134},
  topic = {prisoner's-dilemma;}  
  } 

@book{ pettit:1993a,
  author = {Philip Pettit},
  title = {The Common Mind: An Essay on Psychology, Society,
  	and Politics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {intentionality;philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-and-social-science;
  	political-philosophy;}  
 } 

@article{ pettit-smith:1996a,
  author = {Philip Pettit and Michael Smith},
  title = {Freedom in Desire},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {93},
  number = {9},
  pages = {429--449},
  topic = {agency;agent-attitudes;freedom;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pfahringer:1992a,
  author = {Bernhard Pfahringer},
  title = {The Logical Way to Build a {DL}-Based {KR} System},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {76--77},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@book{ pfeifer-scheier:1999a,
  author = {Rolf Pfeifer and Christian Scheier},
  title = {Understanding Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-16181-8},
  xref = {Review: lane_pcr-gobet:2001a.},
  topic = {intelligence;foundations-of-AI;
  	foundations-of-cognitive-science;robotics;} 
 } 

@book{ pfeifer_r-scheier:1999a,
  author = {Rolf Pfeifer and Christian Scheier},
  title = {Understanding Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-1681-8},
  xref = {Review: lane_pcr-gobet:2001a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
 } 

@article{ phillips:2001a,
  author = {John F. Phillips},
  title = {Modal Logics of Succession for 2-Dimensional Integral
  	Spacetime},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--25},
  topic = {modal-logic;spatial-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ phillips_d:1994a,
  author = {David Phillips},
  title = {Review of {\it The Inexact and Separate Science of
  	Economics}, by {D}aniel {M}. {H}ausman},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {103},
  number = {2},
  pages = {348--350},
  xref = {Review of: hausman:1992a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-economics;}  
  } 

@article{ phillips_jd:1992a,
  author = {John D. Phillips},
  title = {A Computational Representation for Generalized Phrase
  	Structure Grammars},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3},
  pages = {255--287},
  topic = {GPSG;grammar-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pianesi-varzi:1999a,
  author = {Fabio Pianesi and Achille C. Varzi},
  title = {The Context-Dependency of Temporal Reference in Event
  	Semantics},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {507--510},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;temporal-reference;}  
  } 

@article{ pianesi:2002a,
  author = {Fabio Pianesi},
  title = {Review of {\it Parts and Wholes in Semantics}, by 
  	{F}rederike {M}oltmann},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--120},
  xref = {Review of: moltman:1997b.},
  topic = {mereology;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ piatellipalmarini:1980a,
  editor = {Massimo Piatelli-Palmarini},
  title = {Language and Learning: The Debate Between Jean Piaget and
  	Noam Chomsky},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {Check A's 1st name.},
  xref = {Review: pylyshyn:1981a},
  topic = {L1-language-learning;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ piazza:2001a,
  author = {Mario Piazza},
  title = {Exchange Rules},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {66},
  number = {2},
  pages = {509--516},
  topic = {proof-theory;substructural-logics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ piccione-rubenstein:1995a2,
  author = {Michele Piccione and Ariel Rubenstein},
  title = {On the Interpretation of Decision Problems with Imperfect
  	Recall (Abstract)},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {75--76},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {resource-limited-game-theory;}  
  } 

@techreport{ piccione-rubinstein:1995a1,
  author = {Michele Piccione and Ariel Rubinstein},
  title = {On the Interpretation of Decision Problems With Imperfect
  	Recall},
  institution = {The Eitan School of Economics, Tel Aviv University.},
  number = {24--94},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Tel Aviv, Israel},
  note = {First Written, 1994.  Revised, 1995.},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {See 1995a2},
  topic = {game-theory;resource-limited-reasoning;
  	absent-minded-driver-problem;}  
  } 

@book{ pickering:1980a,
  author = {Wilbur Pickering},
  title = {A Framework for Discourse Analysis},
  publisher = {Summer Institute of Linguistics},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Dallas},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
} 

@incollection{ pico-vidal:1998a,
  author = {David Pic\'o and Enrique Vidal},
  title = {Learning Finite State Models for Language Understanding},
  booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State
  	Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Lauri Karttunen},
  pages = {69--78},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;finite-state-nlp;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pientka-kreitz:1998a,
  author = {Brigitte Pientka and Christoph Kreitz},
  title = {Instantiation of Existentially Quantified Variables in
  	Induction Specification Proofs},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {247--258},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ pierce-kuipers_bj:1997a,
  author = {David Pierce and Benjamin J. Kuipers},
  title = {Map Learning with Uninterpreted Sensors and Effectors},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {92},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {169--227},
  topic = {map-building;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ pierrehumbert:1980a1,
  author = {Janet Pierrehumbert},
  year = {1980},
  title = {The Phonetics and Phonology of {E}nglish Intonation},
  School = {MIT},
  xref = {IULC Publication: pierrehumbert:1980a2},
  topic = {intonation;}  
  } 

@book{ pierrehumbert:1980a2,
  author = {Janet Pierrehumbert},
  title = {The Phonology and Phonetics of {E}nglish Intonation},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1987},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  xref = {Dissertation: pierrehumbert:1980a1},
  topic = {intonation;}  
 } 

@article{ pietarinen:1999a,
  author = {Ahti Pietarinen},
  title = {Review of {\em Language, Truth and Logic in Mathematics},
  	by {J}aakko {H}intikka},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {121--124},
  xref = {Review of hintikka:1998a.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ pietarinen:1999b,
  author = {Ahti Pietarinen},
  title = {Review of {\em paradigms for Language Theory
  	and Other Essays}, by {J}aakko {H}intikka},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {124--127},
  xref = {Review of hintikka:1998b.},
  topic = {game-theoretical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ pietroski-rey:1995a,
  author = {Paul M. Pietroski and Georges Rey},
  title = {When Other Things Aren't Equal:  Saving Ceteris
  	Paribus Laws from Vacuity},
  journal = {British Journal for the Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {46},
  number = {1},
  pages = {81--110},
  topic = {ramification-problem;natural-laws;}  
  } 

@article{ pietrowski:2000a,
  author = {Paul M. Pietrowski},
  title = {On Explaining That},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {5},
  pages = {655--662},
  topic = {explanation;event-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ pilkington:1992a,
  author = {Rachel M. Pilkington},
  title = {Intelligent Help: Communicating With Knowledge-Based
  	Systems},
  publisher = {Paul Chapman},
  year = {1992},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {1853961361},
  topic = {HCI;help-systems;}  
 } 

@book{ pimental-teixeira:1993a,
  author = {Ken Pimental and Kevin Teixeira},
  title = {Virtual Reality: Through The New Looking Glass},
  publisher = {Intel/Windcrest},
  year = {1993},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0830640649 (pbk.)},
  topic = {virtual-reality;}  
 } 

@book{ pimentel-teixeira:1995a,
  author = {Ken Pimentel and Kevin Teixeira},
  edition= {2},
  title = {Virtual Reality: Through The New Looking Glass},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1995},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {007050167X},
  topic = {virtual-reality;}  
 } 

@article{ pineda-garza:2000a,
  author = {Luis Pineda and Gabriela Garza},
  title = {A Model for Multimodal Reference Resolution},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {139--193},
  topic = {reference-resolution;multimedia-interpretation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ pinkal:1978a,
  author = {Manfred Pinkal},
  title = {How to Refer with Vague Descriptions},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Universit\"at Dusseldorf.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pinkal:1979a,
  author = {Manfred Pinkal},
  title = {How to Refer with Vague Descriptions},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  pages = {32--50},
  topic = {reference;definite-descriptions;vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pinkal:1981a,
  author = {Manfred Pinkal},
  title = {Some Semantic and Pragmatic Properties of {G}erman {\it
  	glauben}},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {469--484},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;German-language;propositional-attitudes;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pinkal:1983a,
  author = {Manfred Pinkal},
  title = {Towards a Semantics of Precization},
  booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal},
  pages = {13--57},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pinkal:1983b,
  author = {Manfred Pinkal},
  title = {On the Limits of Lexical Meaning},
  booktitle = {Meaning, Use, and Interpretation of Language},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Christoph Schwarze and Arnim von
  	Stechow},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nl-semantics;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pinkal:1984a,
  author = {Manfred Pinkal},
  title = {Consistency and Context Change: The Sorites Paradox},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {325--343},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@book{ pinkal:1995a,
  author = {Manfred Pinkal},
  title = {Logic and Lexicon: The Semantics of the Indefinite},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;semantic-underspecification;ambiguity;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pinkas-loui:1992a,
  author = {Gadi Pinkas and Ronald P. Loui},
  title = {Reasoning about Inconsistency:  A Taxonomy of Principles
  	for Resolving Conflict},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {709--719},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;
  	reasoning-about-consistency;}  
  } 

@article{ pinkas:1995a,
  author = {Gadi Pinkas},
  title = {Reasoning, Nonmonotonicity and Learning in Connectionist
  	Networks that Capture Propositional Knowledge},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {77},
  number = {2},
  pages = {203--247},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The paper presents a connectionist framework that is capable of
     representing and learning propositional knowledge.  An extended
     version of propositional calculus is developed and is
     demonstrated to be useful for nonmonotonic reasoning, dealing
     with conflicting beliefs and for coping with inconsistency
     generated by unreliable knowledge sources.  Formulas of the
     extended calculus are proved to be equivalent in a very strong
     sense to symmetric networks (like Hopfield networks and
     Boltzmann machines), and efficient algorithms are given for
     translating back and forth between the two forms of knowledge
     representation.  A fast learning procedure is presented that
     allows symmetric networks to learn representations of unknown
     logic formulas by looking at examples.  A connectionist inference
     engine is then sketched whose knowledge is either compiled from
     a symbolic representation or learned inductively from training
     examples.  Experiments with large scale randomly generated
     formulas suggest that the parallel local search that is executed
     by the networks is extremely fast on average.  Finally, it is
     shown that the extended logic can be used as a high-level
     specification language for connectionist networks, into which
     several recent symbolic systems may be mapped.  The paper
     demonstrates how a rigorous bridge can be constructed that ties
     together the (sometimes opposing) connectionist and symbolic
     approaches.  } ,
  topic = {connectionist-models;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ pinker:1984a,
  author = {Steven Pinker},
  title = {Language Learnability and Language Development},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {L1-acquisition;}  
  } 

@book{ pinker-mehler:1988a,
  editor = {Steven Pinker and Jacques Mehler},
  title = {Connections and Symbols},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {pscholinguistics;connectionist-modeling;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pinker:1989a,
  author = {Steven Pinker},
  title = {Language Acquisition},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {9},
  pages = {359--399},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {L1-acquisition;}  
  } 

@book{ pinker:1989b,
  author = {Steven Pinker},
  title = {Learnability and Cognition---The Acquisition of Argument
  	Structure},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  series = {Learning, Development, and Conceptual Change},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {argument-structure;L1-acquisition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pinker:1990a,
  author = {Steven Pinker},
  title = {Language Acquisition},
  booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science,
     Vol. 1.},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {199--241},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {L1-acquisition;psycholinguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ pinker:1994a,
  author = {Steven Pinker},
  title = {The Language Instinct},
  publisher = {William Morrow and Company},
  year = {1994},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {linguistics-intro;biolinguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ pinker:1997a,
  author = {Steven Pinker},
  title = {How the Mind Works},
  publisher = {W.W. Norton and Company},
  year = {1997},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Review: dupre:1999a.},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ pinker:1999a,
  author = {Steven Pinker},
  title = {Words and Rules},
  publisher = {Perennial},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Dunmore, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {linguistics-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ pinoperez-uzcategul:1999a,
  author = {Ram\'on Pino-P\'erez and Carlos Uzc\'ategui},
  title = {Jumping to Explanations Versus Jumping to Conclusions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {111},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {131--171},
  topic = {abduction;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pinoperez-uzcategui:2000a,
  author = {Ram\'on Pino-P\'erez and Carlos Uzc\'ategui},
  title = {Ordering Explanations and the Structural Rules for
  	Abduction},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {637--646},
  topic = {abduction;explanation;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ pinto:1994a,
  author = {Javier A. Pinto},
  title = {Temporal Reasoning in the Situation Calculus},
  school = {Department of Computer Science, University
  	of Toronto},
  year = {1994},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Toronto},
  note = {Also available as Technical Report Number
  	KRR-TR-94-1.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;situation-calculus;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pinto:1998a,
  author = {Javier A. Pinto},
  title = {Concurrent Actions and Interacting Effects},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {292--303},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;concurrent-actions;ramification-problem;action-formalisms;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pinto-martins:2002a,
  author = {Helena Sofia Pinto and Jo\~ao P. Martins},
  title = {Evolving Ontologies in Distributed and Dynamic Settings},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {365--374},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;computational-ontology;} 
  } 

@book{ pippinger:1997a,
  author = {Nicholas Pippinger},
  title = {Theories of Computability},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052155380-6},
  xref = {Review: cooper_sb:2001a.},
  topic = {computability;}  
 } 

@article{ piron:1977a,
  author = {C. Piron},
  title = {On the Logic of Quantum Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {481--484},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pirri-finzi:1999a,
  author = {Fiora Pirri and Alberto Finzi},
  title = {A Preliminary Approach to Perception in Theory
	of Agents},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
	Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Michael Thielscher},
  pages = {49--56},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {action-formalisms;sensing-actions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pirri-reiter:2000a,
  author = {Fiora Pirri and Raymond Reiter},
  title = {Planning with Natural Actions in the Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {213--231},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;planning-formalisms;
  	reasoning-about-continuous-time;reasoning-about-actions;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ pitcher:1957a,
  author = {George W. Pitcher},
  title = {Illocutionary Acts: An Analysis of Language in Terms of
  	Human Acts},
  school = {Philosophy Department, Harvard University},
  year = {1957},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;JL-Austin;}  
 } 

@article{ pitcher:1965a,
  author = {George Pitcher},
  title = {Emotion},
  journal = {Mind, New Series},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {74},
  number = {295},
  pages = {326--346},
  topic = {emotion;}  
  } 

@article{ pitcher:1970a,
 author = {George Pitcher},
 title = {`{I}n Intending' and Side Effects},
 journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
 year = {1970},
 volume = {67},
 number = {19},
 pages = {659--668},
 topic = {intention;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pitcher:1973a,
  author = {George Pitcher},
  title = {Austin: A Personal Memoir},
  booktitle = {Essays on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Isiah Berlin et al.},
  pages = {17--30},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@article{ pitrat:1977a,
  author = {Jacques Pitrat},
  title = {A Chess Combination Program which Uses Plans},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {275--321},
  topic = {computer-chess;planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pitrik-nykl:2001a,
  author = {Renate Motschnig-Pitrik and Ladislav Nykl},
  title = {The Role and Modeling of Context in a Cognitive Model of
  	{R}oger's Person-Centred Approach},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {275--289},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;clinical-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ pitts-dybjer:1997a,
  editor = {Andrew M. Pitts and Peter Dybjer},
  title = {Semantics and Logics of Computation},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521580579 (hardcover)},
  topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-and-computer-science;
  	semantics-of-programming-languages;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ piwek:1998a,
  author = {Paul Piwek},
  title = {Logic, Information, and Conversation},
  school = {Eindhoven University of Technology},
  year = {1998},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Eindhoven},
  topic = {pragmatics;context;}  
 } 

@incollection{ piwek-krahmer:2000a,
  author = {Paul Piwek and Emiel Krahmer},
  title = {Presuppositions in Context: Constructing Bridges},
  booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum},
  pages = {85--106},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {context;bridging-anaphora;presupposition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ piwek-vandeemter:2002a,
  author = {Paul Piwek and Kees van Deemter},
  title = {Towards Automated Generation of Scripted Dialogue: Some
  	Time-Honoured Strategies},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {141--148},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {computational-discourse;nl-generation;} 
  } 

@article{ piziak:1974a,
  author = {Robert Piziak},
  title = {Orthomodular Lattices as Implication Algebras},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {413--41},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ pizzi:1977a,
  author = {Claudio Pizzi},
  title = {Boethius' Thesis and Conditional Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {283--302},
  contentnote = {Boethius' thesis is [p-->q] --> -[p-->-p].  The term
  	is due to Storrs McCall.},
  topic = {conditionals;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ pizzi-williamson:1997a,
  author = {Claudio Pizzi and Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Strong {B}oethius' Thesis and Consequential Implication},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {569--588},
  topic = {modal-logic;logical-consequence;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pizzi:1998a,
  author = {Claudio Pizzi},
  title = {Iterated Conditionals and Causal Imputation},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  pages = {147--162},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {conditionals;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pla-etal:2000a,
  author = {Ferran Pla and Antonio Molina and Natividad Prieto},
  title = {Improving Chunking by Means of Lexical-Contextual
  	Information in Statistical Language Models},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {148--150},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;Text-chunking;hidden-Markov-models;}  
  } 

@article{ plaat-etal:1996a,
  author = {Aske Plaat and Jonathan Schaeffer and Wim Pijls and Arie
  	de Bruin},
  title = {Best-First Fixed-Depth Minimax Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {87},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {255--293},
  topic = {search;AI-algorithms;}  
 } 

@article{ plaice:1999a,
  author = {John Plaice},
  title = {Review of {\it Algebraic Semantics of Imperative Programs},
  	by {J}oseph {A}. {G}oguen and {G}rant {M}alcom},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {420--422},
  xref = {Review of: goguen-malcom:1996a.},
  topic = {imperative-logic;procedural-semantics;
  	semantics-of-programming-languages;}  
  } 

@article{ plaisted:1981a,
  author = {David A. Plaisted},
  title = {Theorem Proving with Abstraction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {16},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--108},
  topic = {theorem-proving;abstraction;}  
  } 

@article{ plaisted:1982a,
  author = {David A. Plaisted},
  title = {A Simplified Problem Reduction Format},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {227--261},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Some new approaches to mechanical theorem proving in the
     first-order predicate calculus are presented.  These are based on
     a natural deduction system which can be used to show that a set
     of clauses is inconsistent.  This natural deduction system
     distinguishes positive from negative literals and treats clauses
     having 0, 1, and 2 or more positive literals in three separate
     ways.  Several such systems are presented.  The systems are
     complete and relatively simple and allow a goal to be decomposed
     into subgoals, and solutions to the subgoals can then be
     searched for in the same way.  Also, the systems permit a natural
     use of semantic information to delete unachievable subgoals.  The
     goal-subgoal structure of these systems should allow much of the
     current artificial intelligence methodology to be applied to
     mechanical theorem proving.  } ,
  topic = {theorem-proving;natural-deduction;inconsistency-detection;}  
  } 

@incollection{ plaisted:1993a,
  author = {David A. Plaisted},
  title = {Equational Reasoning and Term Rewriting Systems},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and
  	Logic Programming, Volume 1: Deductive
		 Methodologies},
    editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and  J.A. Robinson},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  pages = {274--367},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1993},
  missinginfo = {ed's 1st name},
  topic = {kr;logic-in-AI-survey;kr-course;}  
} 

@article{ plantinga:1966a,
  author = {Alvin Plantinga},
  title = {Induction and Other Minds},
  journal = {The Review of Metaphysics},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {441--461},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@book{ plantinga:1974a,
  author = {Alvin Plantinga},
  title = {The Nature of Necessity},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1974},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {modal-logic;metaphysics;foundations-of-modal-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ platts:1979a,
  author = {Mark Platts},
  title = {Ways of Meaning},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd.},
  year = {1997},
  address = {London},
  edition = {1},
  xref = {Review: boer:1980a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ platts:1997a,
  author = {Mark Platts},
  title = {Ways of Meaning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  edition = {2},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pliuskeviciene:1998a,
  author = {Aida Pliu\v{s}kevi\v{c}ien\'e},
  title = {Cut-Free Indexical Calculi for Modal Logics Containing the
  	{B}arcan Axiom},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {157--172},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ plotkin-sterling:1986a,
  author = {Gordon Plotkin and Colin Sterling},
  title = {A Framework for Intuitionistic Modal Logics},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {399--406},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ poesio:1992a,
  author = {Massimo Poesio},
  title = {Conversational Events and Discourse State Change:  A
  	Preliminary Report},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {369--379},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {speech-acts;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ poesio:1993a,
  author = {Massimo Poesio},
  title = {Inferring the Semantic Scope of Operators},
  year = {1993},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	University of Rochester.},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-quantifier-scope;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ poesio:1994a,
  author = {Massimo Poesio},
  title = {Weak Indefinites},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{IV}},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann},
  pages = {282--299},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;definite-descriptions;definiteness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ poesio:1994b,
  author = {Massimo Poesio},
  title = {Definite Descriptions, Focus Shift, and a Theory of
  	Discourse},
  booktitle = {Focus: Linguistic, Cognitive, and Computational
  	Perspectives},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  editor = {Rob A. {van der Sandt} and Peter Bosch},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {focus;definite-descriptions;discourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ poesio:1996a,
  author = {Massimo Poesio},
  title = {Semantic Ambiguity and Perceived Ambiguity},
  booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters},
  pages = {159--201},
  topic = {ambiguity;semantic-underspecification;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ poesio-etal:1996a,
  author = {Massimo Poesio and George Ferguson and Peter A. Heeman
  	and Chung-Hee Hwang and David R. Traum},
  title = {Knowledge Representation in the {TRAINS} System},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	University of Rochester.},
  xref = {See traum-etal:1996a for more up-to-date version.},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;knowledge-representation;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ poesio-traum:1997a,
  author = {Massimo Poesio and David R. Traum},
  title = {Conversational Actions and Discourse Situations},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {309--347},
  topic = {discourse;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ poesio-traum:1997b,
  author = {Massimo Poesio and David Traum},
  title = {Representing Conversation Acts in a Unified
  	Semantic/Pragmatic Framework},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative
		Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {67--74},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {David Traum},
  topic = {speech-acts;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ poesio-viera:1998a,
  author = {Massimo Poesio and Renata Viera},
  title = {A Corpus-Based Investigation of Definite Description Use},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {183--216},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ poesio-etal:1999a,
  author = {Massimo Poesio and F. Bruneseaux and Laurent Romary},
  title = {The {MATE} Meta-Scheme for Coreference in Dialogues
	in Multiple Languages},
  booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging:
  	Proceedings of the Workshop},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {65--74},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-tagging;anaphora;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@article{ pohl:1970a,
  author = {Ira Pohl},
  title = {Heuristic Search Viewed as Path Finding in a Graph},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {193--204},
  topic = {search;graph-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pohlers:1998a,
  author = {Wolfram Pohlers},
  title = {Subsystems of Set Theory and Second-Order Number Theory},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Samuel R. Buss},
  pages = {209--335},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Review: arai:1998e.},
  topic = {proof-theory;set-theory;formalizations-of-arithmetic;}  
 } 

@article{ polacik:1998a,
  author = {Tomasz Po{\l}acik},
  title = {Propositional Quantification in the Monadic Fragment
		of Intuitionistic Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {269--300},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;propositional-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ polanyi:1987a,
  author = {Livia Polanyi},
  title = {Keeping It All Straight: Interpreting Time in
  	Narrative Discourse},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, BBN Laboratories.  } ,
  topic = {discourse;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ polanyi-berg:1999a,
  author = {Livia Polanyi and Martin van den Berg},
  title = {Logical Structure
    		and Discourse Anaphora Resolution},
  booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and
  	Reference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu},
  pages = {110--117},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-structure;reference-resolution;anaphora;}  
  } 

@incollection{ polanyi-vandenberg:1999a,
  author = {Livia Polanyi and Martin van den Berg},
  title = {Logical Structure and Discourse Anaphora Resolution},
  booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and
  	Reference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu},
  pages = {110--117},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse-structure;}  
  } 

@article{ politakis-weiss:1984a,
  author = {Peter Politakis and Sholom M. Weiss},
  title = {Using Empirical Analysis to Refine Expert System Knowledge
  	Bases},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {23--48},
  topic = {knowledge-acquisition;expert-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ polk:1996a,
  author = {Thad Polk},
  title = {Reasoning Matters: Mental Models and {S}oar},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {401--406},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;mental-models;SOAR;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pollack-ringuette:1990a,
  author = {Martha Pollack and Marc Ringuette},
  title = {Introducing the Tileworld: experimentally evaluating agent
             architectures},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  pages = {183--189},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {planning;practical-reasoning;experimental-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ pollack:1992a,
  author = {Martha Pollack},
  title = {The Uses of Plans},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {57},
  number = {1},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {43--68},
  topic = {planning;intention;practical-reasoning;}  
    } 

@article{ pollack_jb:1990a,
  author = {Jordan B. Pollack},
  title = {Recursive Distributed Representations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {46},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {77--105},
  topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;}  
  } 

@article{ pollack_jb:1993a,
  author = {Jordan B. Pollack},
  title = {On Wings of Knowledge: A Review of
  	{A}llen {N}ewell's `Unified Theories of Cognition'},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {355--369},
  xref = {Review of newell:1992a.},
  topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;}  
  } 

@techreport{ pollack_me-etal:1982a,
  author = {Martha E. Pollack and Julia Hirschberg and Bonnie Lynn Webber},
  title = {User Participation in the Reasoning Processes of Expert
  	Systems},
  institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science,
  	University of Pennsylvania},
  year = {1982},
  number = {Technical Report MS-CIS-82-10},
  note = {(A short version of this report appears in the Proceedings of the
  	National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 1982.)},
  topic = {user-modeling;expert-systems;}  
} 

@techreport{ pollack_me:1986a,
  author = {Martha Pollack},
  title = {Inferring Domain Plans in Question-Answering},
  institution = {SRI International},
  number = {403},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  xref = {Also UPenn doctoral Dissertation.},
  topic = {plan-recognition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pollack_me:1986b1,
  author = {Martha Pollack},
  title = {A Model of Plan Inference That Distinguishes Between the
  	Beliefs of Actors and Observers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th Meeting of the Association for
  	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Alan W. Biermann},
  pages = {207--215},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Morristown, New Jersey},
  xref = {Reprinted in georgeff-lansky:1986a, see pollack_me:1986a1.},
  topic = {plan-recognition;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pollack_me:1986b2,
  author = {Martha Pollack},
  title = {A Model of Plan Inference That Distinguishes Between the
  	Beliefs of Actors and Observers},
  booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky},
  pages = {279--295},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {plan-recognition;nl-processing;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pollack_me:1989a,
  author = {Martha Pollack},
  title = {Plan Recognition Beyond {\sc strips}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Plan Recognition},
  year = {1989},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages, organization, publisher,  address},
  topic = {plan-recognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pollack_me:1990a,
  author = {Martha Pollack},
  title = {Plans as Complex Mental Attitudes},
  booktitle = {Intentions in Communication},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack},
  pages = {77--103},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pollack_me-ringuette:1990a,
  author = {Martha Pollack and Marc Ringuette},
  title = {Introducing the {\sc Tileworld}: Experimentally Evaluating
            Agent Architectures},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {183--189},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {experimental-planning;limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@article{ pollack_me:1991a,
  author = {Martha Pollack},
  title = {Overloading Intentions for Efficient Practical Reasoning},
  journal = {No\^us},
  volume = {25},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {513--536},
  topic = {intention;practical-reasoning;}  
    } 

@unpublished{ pollack_me-moore_jd:1992a,
  author = {Martha Pollack and Johanna Moore},
  title = {Towards a Process-Based Analysis of Referring
  	Expressions},
  year = {1992},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	University of Pittsburgh},
  topic = {discourse;referring-expressions;}  
  } 

@article{ pollack_me-horty:1999a,
  author = {Martha Pollack and John F. Horty},
  title = {There's More to Life than Making Plans},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {71--84},
  topic = {execution-monitoring-plan-maintenance;;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pollard-sag:1983a,
  author = {Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag},
  title = {Reflexives and Reciprocals in {E}nglish: An Alternative
  	to the Binding Theory},
  booktitle = {Proceedings, Second {W}est {C}oast {C}onference on {F}ormal
  	{L}inguistics},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {189--203},
  missinginfo = {publisher, address},
  topic = {reciprical-constructions;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pollard:1986a,
  author = {Carl J. Pollard},
  title = {Phrase Structure Grammar without Metarules},
  booktitle = {Proceedings, Fourth {W}est {C}oast {C}onference on {F}ormal
  	{L}inguistics},
  year = {1986},
  missinginfo = {publisher, address, pages},
  topic = {GPSG;}  
  } 

@book{ pollard-sag:1987b,
  author = {Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag},
  title = {Information-Based Syntax and Semantics},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {ISBN: Hardcover: 0937073237, Paperback: 0937073245},
  topic = {HPSG;unification-grammars;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pollard-moshier:1989a,
  author = {Carl J. Pollard and M. Drew Moshier},
  title = {Unifying Partial Descriptions of Sets},
  booktitle = {Information, Language and Cognition: Vancouver Studies
  	in Cognitive Science {I}},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {P. Hanson},
  address = {Vancouver},
  missinginfo = {Pages.  Publisher. Ed. 1st name. Date is a guess.},
  topic = {feature-structures;unification;}  
  } 

@book{ pollard-sag:1994a,
  author = {Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag},
  title = {Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {HPSG;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pollatsek-rayner:1989a,
  author = {Alexander Pollatsek and Keith Rayner},
  title = {Reading},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  pages = {401--436},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {reading;}  
  } 

@book{ pollock:1976a,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {Subjunctive Reasoning},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
 } 

@article{ pollock:1981a,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {A Refined Theory of Conditionals},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {239--266},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ pollock:1981b,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {Causes, Conditionals, and Times},
  journal = {Pacific Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {62},
  pages = {340--353},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conditionals;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pollock:1984a,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {Nomic Probability},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {177--204},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {probability;natural-laws;philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@article{ pollock:1984b,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {How Do You Maximize Expectation Value?},
  journal = {No\^us},
  volume = {17},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {409--421},
  topic = {utility;foundations-of-decision-theory;}  
    } 

@article{ pollock:1987a,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {Defeasible Reasoning},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {481--518},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pollock:1988a,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {The Building of {O}scar},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Vol. 2: Epistemology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {315--344},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ pollock:1990a,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {Technical Methods in Philosophy},
  publisher = {Westview Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Boulder, Colorado},
  ISBN = {0813378710},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@techreport{ pollock:1991a,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {The Phylogeny of Rationality},
  institution = {Philosophy Department, University of Arizona},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Tucson, Arizona},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {rationality;rational-action;}  
  } 

@techreport{ pollock:1991b,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {New Foundations for Practical Reasoning},
  institution = {Philosophy Department, University of Arizona},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Tucson, Arizona},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;decision-theoretic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pollock:1991c,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {{OSCAR}: A General Theory of Rationality},
  booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock},
  pages = {189--213},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ pollock:1992a,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {New Foundations for Practical Reasoning},
  journal = {Minds and Machines},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {113--144},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;decision-theoretic-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ pollock:1992b,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {How to Reason Defeasibly},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {57},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {1--42},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
    } 

@article{ pollock:1994a,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {Justification and Defeat},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {67},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {377--407},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;}  
    } 

@book{ pollock:1995a,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {Cognitive Carpentry: A Manual for How to Build
  	a Person},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262161524},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
 } 

@article{ pollock:1997a,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {Reasoning about Change and Persistence: A Solution to
  	the Frame Problem},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {31},
  number = {2},
  pages = {143--169},
  topic = {frame-problem;krcourse;}  
  } 

@article{ pollock:1998a,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {The Logical Foundations of Goal-Regression Planning
  	in Autonomous Agents},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {106},
  number = {2},
  pages = {267--334},
  topic = {planning;foundations-of-planning;frame-problem;}  
  } 

@book{ pollock_jl:1989a,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {How to Build a Person: A Prolegomenon},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262161133},
  xref = {Review: smoliar:1991a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;foundations-of-cognitive-science;
  	philosophy-AI;}  
 } 

@article{ pollock_jl:2001a,
  author = {John L. Pollock},
  title = {Evaluative Cognition},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {35},
  number = {3},
  pages = {325--364},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;agent-architectures;qdt;}  
  } 

@book{ polos-masuch:1995a,
  editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  title = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why?  Logical Approaches to
       Natural Language},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	J. Bell, Pragmatic Reasoning, A Model-Based Theory.
	J. van Eijk and Nissim Francez, Verb-Phrase Ellipsis in
		Dynamic Semantics
	O. Gasquet, Optimization of Deduction for Multi-Modal Logics.
	F. Kamaradine, Are Types Needed for Natural Language?
	I. Lewin, Indexical Dynamics.
	L. Maksimova, Implicit and Explicit Definability in Modal and
		Temporal Logics.
	L. Moss and D. Johnson, Evolving Algebras and Mathematical
		Models of Language.
	L. Polos and M. Masuch, Information States in Situation Theory.
	K. Schultz and D. Gabbay, Logic Finite Automata.
	J. Seligman and A. ter Meulen, Dynamic Aspect Trees.
	K. Stenning, Logic as a Foundation for a Cognitive Theory of
		Modality Assignment.
	Y. Venema, Meeting a Modality?  Restricted Permutation for
		the Lambek Calculus.
	C. Vermeulen, Update Semantics for Propositional Texts.
   } ,
  title = {Foundations of Intelligent Tutoring Systems},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0805800530},
  topic = {intelligent-tutoring;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ pomerantz:1975a,
  author = {A. Pomerantz},
  title = {Second Assessments: A Study of Some Features of
  	Agreements/Disagreements},
  school = {University of California at Irvine},
  year = {1975},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Irvine, California},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {conversation-analysis;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pomerantz:1978a,
  author = {A. Pomerantz},
  title = {Compliment Responses: Notes on the Co-Operation of
  	Multiple Constraints},
  booktitle = {Studies in the Organization of Conversational Interaction},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {A. Schenkein},
  pages = {79--112},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {conversation-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pomerantz:1984a,
  author = {A. Pomerantz},
  title = {Agreeing and Disagreeing With Assessments: Some Features
  	of Preferred/Dispreferred Turn Shapes},
  booktitle = {Structures of Social Action},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {J.M. Atkinson and J. Heritage},
  address = {Cambridge},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages, date is a guess.},
  topic = {conversation-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pomerol-brezillon:1999a,
  author = {Jean-Charles Pomerol and Patrick Brezillon},
  title = {Dynamics between Contextual Knowledge and Proceduralized
  	Context},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {284--295},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;advice-giving-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pomerol-brezillon:2001a,
  author = {Jean-Charles Pomerol and Patrick Brezillon},
  title = {About Some Relationships between Knowledge and Context},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {461--464},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;knowledge;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pontet:1991a,
  author = {T. Pontet},
  title = {A Constraint-Based Approach to Uncertain and Imprecise
  	Reasoning:  Application to Expert Systems},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {277--281},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;expert-systems;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ poole:1984a,
  author = {David L. Poole},
  title = {On the Comparison of Theories:  Preferring the Most Specific
  	Explanation},
  year = {1984},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ poole:1987a,
  author = {David Poole},
  title = {The Use of Logic},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {205--206},
  xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ poole-etal:1987a,
  author = {David Poole and Randy Goebel and Romas Aleliunas},
  title = {Theorist: A Logical Reasoning System for Defaults
		and Diagnosis},
  booktitle = {The Knowledge Frontier},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Nick Cercone and Gordon McCalla},
  pages = {331--352},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-programming;abduction;explanation;}  
  } 

@article{ poole:1988a,
  author = {David Poole},
  title = {A Logical Framework for Default Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {36},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--47},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ poole-etal:1988a,
  author = {David Poole and Alan Mackworth and Randy Goebel},
  title = {Computational Intelligence: A Logical Approach},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-195-102703},
  xref = {Review: duboulay:2001a},
  topic = {AI-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ poole:1989a,
  author = {David Poole},
  title = {Explanation and Prediction: An Architecture for Default
  	and Abductive Reasoning},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {97--110},
  topic = {abduction;default-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ poole:1989b,
  author = {David Poole},
  title = {What the Lottery Paradox Tells Us about Default Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {333--341},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;lottery-paradox;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ poole:1991a,
  author = {David Poole},
  title = {Representing Diagnostic Knowledge for Probabilistic Horn
  	Abduction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Barbara J. Grosz and John Mylopoulos},
  pages = {1129--1135},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@article{ poole:1991b,
  author = {David Poole},
  title = {The Effect of Knowledge on Belief: Conditioning,
  	Specificity and the Lottery Paradox in Default Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {49},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {281--307},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;conditioning-methods;lottery-paradox;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ poole:1993b,
  author = {David Poole},
  title = {Decision Theoretic Defaults},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Uncertainty in
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {190--197},
  missinginfo = {editor,publisher, address},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ poole:1993c,
  author = {David Poole},
  title = {Probabilistic {H}orn Abduction and {B}ayesian Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {64},
  number = {1},
  pages = {81--129},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper presents a simple framework for Horn-clause
     abduction, with probabilities associated with hypotheses. The
     framework incorporates assumptions about the rule base and
     independence assumptions amongst hypotheses. It is shown how any
     probabilistic knowledge representable in a discrete Bayesian
     belief network can be represented in this framework. The main
     contribution is in finding a relationship between logical and
     probabilistic notions of evidential reasoning. This provides a
     useful representation language in its own right, providing a
     compromise between heuristic and epistemic adequacy. It also
     shows how Bayesian networks can be extended beyond a
     propositional language. This paper also shows how a language
     with only (unconditionally) independent hypotheses can represent
     any probabilistic knowledge, and argues that it is better to
     invent new hypotheses to explain dependence rather than having
     to worry about dependence in the language.
  } ,
  topic = {abduction;Horn-clause-abduction;Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@incollection{ poole:1994a,
  author = {David Poole},
  title = {Default Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence
   	         and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic
		 Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson},
  pages = {189--215},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning-survey;}  
  } 

@article{ poole:1996a,
  author = {David Poole},
  title = {Probabilistic Conflicts in a Search Algorithm for
  	Estimating Posterior Probabilities in {B}ayesian Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {88},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {69--100},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@article{ poole:1997a,
  author = {David Poole},
  title = {The Independent Choice Logic for Modelling Multiple Agents
  	Under Uncertainty},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {7--56},
  topic = {agent-modeling;reasoning-about-uncertainty;
  	AI-and-economics;qualitative-utility;}  
  } 

@book{ poole-etal:1998a,
  author = {David Poole and Alan Mackworth and Randy Goebel},
  title = {Computational Intelligence: A Logical Approach},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0195102703 (cloth)},
  topic = {kr;ai-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ pope_en:1975a,
  author = {Emily Norwood Pope},
  title = {Questions and Answers in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
 } 

@article{ pope_lk-smith:1994a,
  author = {Lois K. Pope and Craig A. Smith},
  title = {On the Distinct Meanings of Smiles and Frowns},
  journal = {Cognition and Emotion},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--72},
  year = {1994},
  topic = {facial-expression;emotion;}  
  } 

@book{ popkorn:1994a,
  author = {Sally Popkorn},
  title = {First Steps in Modal Logic},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {modal-logic;logic-intro;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ pople:1973a,
  author = {Harry E. {Pople, Jr.}},
  title = {On the Mechanization of Abductive Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1973},
  pages = {147--152},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {abduction;}  
 } 

@book{ popper:1968a,
 author = {Karl R. Popper},
 title = {The Logic of Scientific Discovery},
 publisher = {Hutchinson},
 year = {1968},
 address = {London},
 edition = {Revised edition},
 contentnote = {In the 1959 edition, the discussion of p(a,b) is in New
	Appendix iv, "The Formal Theory of Probability."  pp. 323--348.
	He motivates 2 place probabilities using symmetry, p(a,b) shld be
	defined if p(b,a) is.  Since he seems to have been interested in
	axiom-hacking for prob perhaps his motivation was to avoid having to
	put "=/= 0" conditions on many axioms.  No, that is not all, because
	he goes on to say that univ laws have 0 probability and you want to
	condionalize on them.  He refers to popper:1955a for the first
	axioms for a symmetrical system.
		},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@article{ popplestone:1975a,
  author = {A.P. Ambler and H.G. Barrow and C.M. Brown and R.M.
  	Burstall and R.J.  Popplestone},
  title = {A Versatile System for Computer-Controlled Assembly},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {129--156},
  topic = {robotics;assembly;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ poria-garigliano:1998a,
  author = {Sanjay Poria and Roberto Galgliano},
  title = {Factors in Causal Explanation},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  year = {1998},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  missinginfo = {pages   pages = {65--}},
  topic = {causality;explanation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ porn:1994a,
  author = {Ingmar P\"orn},
  title = {Meaning and Intension},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {273--281},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ porte:1981a,
  author = {Jean Porte},
  title = {The Deducibilities of {S}5},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {409--422},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ porter_bw-etal:1990a,
  author = {Bruce W. Porter and Ray Bareiss and Robert C. Holte},
  title = {Concept Learning and Heuristic Classification in
  	Weak-Theory Domains},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {229--263},
  topic = {machine-learning;concept-learning;heuristic-classification;}  
  } 

@article{ porter_lf:1998a,
  author = {Leon F. Porter},
  title = {Review of {\it Correspondence and Disquotation}, by
  	{M}arian {D}avid},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1},
  pages = {82--84},
  xref = {Review of david:1994a.},
  topic = {truth;disquotationalist-truth;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ portner:1991a,
  author = {Paul Portner},
  title = {Gerunds and Types of Events},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{I}},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner},
  pages = {189--208},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {events;nl-semantics;nominalization;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ portner:1993a,
  author = {Paul Portner},
  title = {The Semantics of Finiteness and Mood in {E}nglish},
  year = {1993},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Linguistics,
  	Georgetown University.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-mood;}  
  } 

@article{ portner:1997a,
  author = {Paul Portner},
  title = {The Semantics of Mood, Complementation, and Conversational
  	Force},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {167--212},
  topic = {nl-mood;speech-acts;nl-semantics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ portner-yabushita:1998a,
  author = {Paul Portner and Katsuhiko Yabushita},
  title = {The Semantics and Pragmatics of Topic Phrases},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {117--157},
  topic = {s-topic;nl-semantics;pragmatics;context;
  	dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ poser:1994a,
  author = {William Poser},
  title = {The Structural Typology of Phonological Writing},
  year = {1994},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University.},
  topic = {writing-systems;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ poser:1999a,
  author = {William Poser},
  title = {A Sorting Tool and Issues in Sorting},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {sorting;computational-field-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ posner:1976a,
  author = {Roland Posner},
  title = {Discourse as a Means to Enlightenment},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {641--660},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {argumentation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ posner:1980a,
  author = {Roland Posner},
  title = {Semantics and Pragmatics of Sentence Connectives
  	in Natural Language},
  booktitle = {Speech Act Theory and Pragmatics},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing},
  year = {1980},
  editor = {John R. Searle and Ferenc Kiefer and Manfred Bierwisch},
  pages = {169--203},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;implicature;}  
  } 

@book{ posner:1989a,
  editor = {Michael L. Posner},
  title = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  contentnote = {TC:
        0. M. Posner, "Preface".
        1. H. Simon and C. Kaplan, "Foundations of Cognitive Science".
        2. Z. Pylyshyn, "Computing in Cognitive Science".
        3. A. Newell, P. Rosenbloom, and J. Laird, "Symbolic
		Architectures for Cognition".
        4. D. Rumelhart, "The Architecture of Mind: A Connectionist
		Approach".
        5. T. Wasow, "Grammatical Theory".
        6. J. Barwise and J. Etchemendy, "Model-Theoretic Semantics".
        7. G. Bower and J. Clapper, "Experimental Methods in
		Cognitive Science".
        8. T. Sejenowski and P. Churchland, "Brain and Cognition".
        9. S. Pinker, "Language Acquisition".
       10. A. Pollatsek and K. Rayner, "Reading".
       11. B. Grosz, M. Pollack, and C. Sidner "Discourse".
       12. P. Johnson-Laird, "Mental Models".
       13. E. Smith, "Concepts and Induction".
       14. K. Vanlehn, "Problem Solving and Cognitive Skill Acquisition".
       15. E. Hildreth and S. Ullman, "The Computational Study of Vision".
       16. A. Allport, "Visual Attention".
       17. D. Schachter, "Memory".
       18. M. Jordan and D. Rosenbaum, "Action".
       19. E. Bizzi and F. Mussa-Ivaldi, "Geometrical and Mechanical Issues
       		in Movement Planning and Control".
       20. R. D'Andrade, "Cultural Cognition".
       21. G. Harman, "Some Philosophical Issues in Cognitive
       		Science: Qualia, Intentionality, and the Mind-Body
		Problem".
  	},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;cognitive-science-general;
  	pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ posner:1989b,
  author = {Michael I. Posner},
  title = {Preface},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  pages = {ix--xiv},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-science-survey;}  
  } 

@article{ post:1973a,
  author = {John F. Post},
  title = {Shades of the Liar},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {370--386},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ postal:1971a,
  author = {Paul M. Postal},
  title = {On the Surface Verb `Remind'},
  booktitle = {Studies in Linguistic Semantics},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {180--270},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {generative-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ postal:1972a,
  author = {Paul M. Postal},
  title = {The Best Theory},
  booktitle = {Goals of Linguistic Theory},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Stanley Peters},
  pages = {131--170},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ postow:1977a,
  author = {B. C. Postow},
  title = {Generalized Act Utilitarianism},
  journal = {Analysis},
  volume = {37},
  year = {1977},
  pages = {49--52},
  topic = {utilitatianism;}  
    } 

@article{ posy:1975a,
  author = {Carl F. Posy},
  title = {Varieties of Indeterminacy in the Theory of General
  	Choice Sequences},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--132},
  topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;choice-sequences;}  
  } 

@article{ posy:1977a,
  author = {Carl Posy},
  title = {The Theory of Empirical Sequences},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--81},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;intuitionistic-mathematics;choice-sequences;}  
  } 

@book{ potter:1996a,
  author = {Jonathan Potter},
  title = {Representing Reality},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {discourse;postmodernism;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ pottinger:1978a,
  author = {Garrel Pottinger},
  title = {A New Classical Relevance Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {135--147},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ potts:1994a,
  author = {Timothy C. Potts},
  title = {Structures and Categories for the Representation of Meaning},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ powell_ta:1998a,
  author = {Thomas A. Powell},
  title = {Web Site Engineering: Beyond Web Page Design},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Upper Saddle River, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0136509207},
  topic = {internet-technology;}  
 } 

@article{ power:1979a,
  author = {Richard Power},
  title = {The Organization of Purposeful Dialogues},
  journal = {Linguistics},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {107--152},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conversation-analysis;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ powers:1966a,
  author = {Larry Powers},
  title = {Existentialist Themes},
  year = {1966},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a Guess.},
  topic = {existentialism;} 
  } 

@book{ powers_dmw-turk:1989a,
  author = {David M.W. Powers and Christopher C.R. Turk},
  title = {Machine Learning of Natural Language},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {machine-learning;computational-linguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ powers_dmw:1998a,
  author = {David M.W. Powers},
  title = {Learning and Application of Differential Grammars},
  booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {T. Mark Ellison},
  pages = {88--96},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;grammar-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ powers_dmw:1998b,
  author = {David M.W. Powers},
  title = {Applications and Explanations of {Z}ipf's Law},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {151--160},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {Zipf's-law;}  
  } 

@book{ powers_dmw:1998c,
  editor = {David M.W. Powers},
  title = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in 
  	Language Processing and Computational Natural Language
	Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Walter Daelemans, "Abstraction is Harmful in Language
     		Learning", pp. 1--2
     2. Michael Towsey and Joachim Diederich and Ingo Schellhammer
     		and Stephan Chalup and Claudia Brugman, "Natural
		Language Learning by Recurrent Neural Networks: A
		Comparison with Probabilistic Approaches", 3--10
     3. Sandra K\"ubner, "Learning a Lexiclized Grammar for 
     		{G}erman", pp. 11--18
     4. Ren\'e Schneider, "A Lexically-Intensive Algorithm for
     		Domain-Specific Knowledge Acquisition", pp. 19--28
     5. Andr\'e Kempe, "Look-Back and Look-Ahead in the Conversion
     		of Hidden {M}arkov Models into Finite State 
		Transducers", pp. 29--38
     6. Mark Johnson, "The Effect of Alternative Tree Representations
     		on Tree Bank Grammars", pp. 39--48
     7. Thorsten Brants and Wojciech Skut, "Automation of Treebank
     		Annotation", pp. 49--58
     8. Hamish Cunningham and Mark Stevenson and Yorick 
     		Wilks, "Implementing a Sense Tagger in a General
		Architecture for Text Engineering", pp. 59--72
     9. Ingo Schellhammer and Joachim Dieterich and Michael Towsey
     		and Claudia Brugman, "Knowledge Extraction and 
		Recurrent Neural Networks: An Analysis of an {E}lman
		Network Trained on a Natural Language Learning 
		Task", pp. 73--78
    10. Jason L. Hutchens and Michael D. Alder, "Finding Structure
    		via Compression", pp. 79--82
    11. Christer Samuelson, "Linguistic Theory in Statistical
    		Language Learning", pp. 83--90
    12. Richard McConachy and Kevin B. Korb and Ingrid 
    		Zuckerman, "A {B}ayesian Approach to Automating
		Argumentation", pp. 91--100
    13. Stephen J. Green, "Automatically Generating Hypertext in
    		Newspaper Articles by Computing Semantic 
		Relatedness", pp. 101--110
    14. Emin Erkin Korkmaz and G\"okt|"urk \"U\c{c}oluk, "Choosing a
    		Distance Metric for Automatic Word 
		Categorization", pp. 111--120
    15. Patrick Saint-Dizier, "Sense Variation and Lexical Semantics
`		Generative Operations", pp. 121--130
    16. Harold Summers, "An Attempt to Use Weighted Cusums to
    		Identify Sublanguages", pp. 131--140
    17. Patrick Juola, "Cross-Entropy and Linguistic Typology", pp. 141--150
    18. David M.W. Powers, "Applications and Explanations of {Z}ipf's
    		Law", pp. 151--160
    19. Peter Wallis and Edmund Yuen and Greg Chase, "Proper Name
    		Classification in an Information Extraction 
		Toolset", pp. 161--162
    20. Robert Steele and David M.W. Powers, "Evolution and Evaluation
    		of Document Retrieval Queries", pp. 163--164
    21. Ilyas Cicekli and Turgay Korkmaz, "Generation of Simple {T}urkish
    		Sentences with Systemic-Functional Grammar", pp. 165--174
    22. Ian Thomas and Ingrid Zukerman and Bhavani Raskutti, "Extracting 
    		Phoneme Pronunciation Information from Corpora", pp. 175--184
    23. Antal van den Bosch and Walter Daelemans, "Modularity in
    		Inductively-Learned Word Pronunciation Systems", pp. 185--194
    24. Antal van den Bosch and Walter Daelemans, "Do Not Forget:
    		Full Memory in Memory-Based Learning of Word
		Pronunciation", pp. 195--204
    25. V. Kamphuis and J.J. Sarbo, "Natural Language Concept 
    		Analysis", pp. 205--214
    26. Jim Entwisle and David M.W. Powers, "The Present Use of 
    		Statistics in the Evaluation of {NLP} 
		Parsers", pp. 215--224
    27. Hiroki Imai and Hosumi Tanaka, "A Method of Incorporating
    		Bigram Constraints into an {LR} Table and Its
		Effectiveness in Natural Language Processing", pp. 225--234
    28. James M. Hogan and Joachim Diederich and Gerald D. 
    		Finn, "Selective Attention and the Acquisition of
		Spatial Semantics", pp. 235--244
    29. Hideki Kozima and Akira Ito, "Towards Language Acquisition by an
    		Attention-Sharing Robot", pp. 245--246
    30. Michael Carl, "A Constructivist Approach to Machine 
    		Translation", pp. 247--256
    31. Michael Carl and Antje Schmidt-Wigger, "Shallow Post Morphological
    		Processing with {KURD}", pp. 257--266
    32. Erika F. de Lima, "Induction of a Stem Lexicon for Two-Level
    		Morphological Analysis", pp. 267--268
    33. Jason L. Hutchens and Michael D. Alder, "Introducing 
    		{M}ega{H}al", pp. 271--274
    34. V\'erinique Bastin and Denis Cordier, "The Total {T}uring Test
    		and the {L}oebner Prize", pp. 279--280
    35. David M.W. Powers, "The Total {T}uring Test and the
    		{L}oebner Prize", pp. 279--280
    36. Zenshiro Kawasaki and Keiji Takida and Masato Tajima, "Language
    		Model and Sentence Structure Manipulations for
		Natural Language Applications Systems", pp. 281--286
    37. Bradley B. Custer, "Position Paper on Appropriate
    		Audio/Visual {T}uring Test", pp. 287--
    38. Tony C. Smith, "Learning Feature-Value Grammars from Plain
    		Text", pp. 291--294
    39. Herv\'e D\'ejean, "Morphemes as Necessary Concept for Structures
    		Discovery from Untagged Corpora", pp. 295--298
    40. Christopher D. Manning, "The Segmentation Problem in Morphology
    		Learning", pp. 299--306
    41. David M.W. Powers, "Reconciliation of Unsupervised Clustering,
    		Segmentation, and Cohesion", pp. 307--310
    42. Isabelle, Tellier, "Syntactico-Semantic Learning of Categorical
    		Grammars", pp. 311--314    } ,
  topic = {nl-processing;machine-learning;grammar-learning;}  
 } 

@article{ powers_l:1967a,
  author = {Lawrence Powers},
  title = {Some Deontic Logicians},
  journal = {No\^{u}s},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {381--400},
  title = {Depth-First Heuristic Search on a {SIMD} Machine},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {60},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--242},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We present a parallel implementation of Iterative-Deepening-A*,
     a depth-first heuristic search, on the single-instruction,
     multiple-data (SIMD) Connection Machine.  Heuristic search of an
     irregular tree represents a new application of SIMD machines.
     The main technical challenge is load balancing, and we explore
     three different techniques in combination.  We also use a simple
     method for dynamically determining when to stop searching and
     start load balancing.  We achieve an efficiency of 69%, for a
     speedup of 5685 on 8K processors, an efficiency of 64%, for a
     speedup of 10,435 on 16K processors, and an efficiency of 53%,
     for a speedup of 17,300 on 32K processors on the Fifteen Puzzle.
     On hard problem instances, we achieved efficiencies as high as
     80%, for a speedup of 26,215 on 32K processors.  Our analysis
     indicates that work only needs to increase as P log P to
     maintain constant efficiency, where P is the number of
     processors.  This high degree of scalability was confirmed
     empirically for the range of 16 to 32,768 (32K) processors.  } ,
  topic = {heuristics;search;parallel-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ pradhan:1996a,
  author = {Malcolm Pradhan and Max Henrion and Gregory Provan and
  	Brendon del Favero and Kurt Huang},
  title = {The Sensitivity of Belief Networks to Imprecise
  	Probabilities: An Experimental Investigation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {85},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {363--397},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;imprecise-probabilities;}  
  } 

@article{ prakken:1996a,
  author = {Henry Prakken},
  title = {Two Approaches to the Formalisation of Defeasible Deontic
  	Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {57},
  number = {1},
  pages = {73--90},
  topic = {deontic-logic;prima-facie-obligation;moral-conflict;}  
  } 

@article{ prakken-sartor:1996a,
  author = {Henry Prakken and Giovanni Sartor},
  title = {A Dialectical Model of Assessing Conflicting
             Arguments in Legal Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence and Law},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {331--368},
  volume = {4},
  topic = {legal-AI;dialogue-logic;}  
    } 

@article{ prakken-sergot:1996a,
  author = {Henry Prakken and Marek Sergot},
  title = {Contrary-to-Duty Obligations},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {57},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--115},
  topic = {deontic-logic;prima-facie-obligation;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ prakken:1997c,
  author = {Henry Prakken},
  title = {Logical Tools for Modeling Legal Argument: A Study of
  	Defeasible Reasoning in Law},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Reviews: loui:1999a, royakkers:2000a, beuchcapon:2000a.},
  topic = {logic-and-law;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ prakken-sartor:1997a,
  author = {Henry Prakken and Giovanni Sartor},
  title = {Reasoning with Precedents in a Dialogue Game},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International
    	         Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law
		 (ICAIL-97)},
  publisher = {ACM Press},
  year = {1997},
  topic = {legal-AI;dialogue-logic;}  
    } 

@article{ prakken-sartor:1997b,
  author = {Henry Prakken and Giovanni Sartor},
  title = {Argument-Based Extended Logic Programming with
		     Defeasible Priorities},
  journal = {Journal of Applied Non-classical Logics},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {25--75},
  volume = {7},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;logic-programming;}  
    } 

@incollection{ prakken-sergot:1997a,
  author = {Henry Prakken and Marek Sergot},
  title = {Dyadic Deontic Logic and Contrary-to-Duty Obligation},
  booktitle = {Defeasible Deontic Logic},
  editor = {Donald Nute},
  pages = {223--262},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  year = {1997},
  topic = {deontic-logic;conditional-obligation;prima-facie-obligation;}  
    } 

@book{ prakken-mcnamara_p:1998a,
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  title = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. P. McNamara and H. Prakken, "Introduction", pp. 1--14
     2. G. H. Von Wright, "Deontic Logic---As I See It", pp. 15--28
     3. D.C. Makinson, "On the Fundamental Problem of Deontic
			Logic", pp. 29--54
     4. J. Hage, "Moderately Naturalistic Deontic Logic", 55--72
     5. L.W.N. van der Torre and Y.-H.Tan, "An Update Semantics
			for Deontic Reasoning", pp. 73--92
     6. P. Bartha, "Moral Preference, Contrary-to-Duty Obligation
			and Defeasible Oughts", pp. 93--108
     7. M. Brown, "Agents with Changing and Conflicting Commitments:
			A Preliminary Study", pp. 109--128
     8. J. Hansen, "On Relations Between {A}qvist's Deontic System {G} 
	 		and {V}an {E}ck's Deontic Temporal Logic",
			pp. 129--146
     9. Claudio Pizzi, "Iterated Conditionals and Causal
	 		Imputation", pp. 147--162
    10. L. Lindahl and J. Odelstad, "Intermediate Concepts as
			Couplings of Conceptual Structures", pp. 163--180
    11. P. McNamara, "Andersonian-Kangerian logics for Doing Well
			Enough", pp. 181--200
    12. D. Nute, "Norms, Priorities, and Defeasibility", pp. 201--218
    13. V. Becher, E. Ferme', R. Rodriguez, S. Lazzer, C. Oller
       		and G. Palua, "Some Observations on {C}arlos
			{A}lchourron's Theory of Defeasible
			Conditionals", pp. 219--230
    14. J. Bell and Z. Huang, "Dynamic Obligation Hierarchies",
			pp. 231--246
    15. L. Cholvy and F. Cuppens, "Reasoning about Norms Provided
			by Conflicting Regulations", pp. 247--264
    16. C. Krogh and A. Jones, "Protocol Breaches and Violation
			Flaws", pp. 265--274
    17. B. Sadighi Firozabadi, Y.-H. Tan and R.M. Lee, "Formal
			Definitions of Fraud", pp. 275--288
    18. M. Sergot, "Normative Positions", pp. 289--310
    19. D. M. Gabbay and G. Governatori, "Dealing with Label
		Dependent Deontic Modalities", pp. 311--330
    20. L. Goble, "Deontic Logic with Relevance", pp. 331--346
    21. J. Krabbendam and J.-J. Meyer, "Contextual Deontic
        Logic", pp. 347--
		},
  ISBN = {90 5199 427 3},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
 } 

@techreport{ pratt_d:1991a,
  author = {Dexter Pratt},
  title = {{FI} Manual},
  institution = {Microelectronics and Computer Technology
  	Corporation},
  number = {ACT--CYC--021--91--Q},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Austin, Texas},
  topic = {CYC;}  
  } 

@article{ pratt_i:1987a,
  author = {Ian Pratt},
  title = {Constraints, Meaning and Information},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {299--324},
  topic = {situation-theory;convention;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ pratt_i-schoop:1998a,
  author = {Ian Pratt and Dominik Schoop},
  title = {A Complete Axiom System for Polygonal Mereotopology of
  	the Real Plane},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {6},
  pages = {621--661},
  topic = {mereology;spatial-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ pratt_i-francez:2001a,
  author = {Ian Pratt and Nissim Francez},
  title = {Temporal Prepositions and Temporal Generalized Quantifiers},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {187--222},
  topic = {temporal-prepositions;nl-tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@book{ pratt_m:1977a,
  author = {Mary Louise Pratt},
  title = {Toward a Speech Act Theory of Literary Discourse},
  publisher = {Indiana University Press},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Bloomington},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ pratt_v:1979a,
  author = {Vaughn R. Pratt},
  title = {Models of Program Logics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twentieth {IEEE} Symposium on Foundations
  	of Computer Science},
  year = {1979},
  pages = {115--122},
  organization = {{IEEE}},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address},
  topic = {theory-of-programming-languages;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ pratt_v:1982a,
  author = {Vaughn R. Pratt},
  title = {On the Composition of Processes},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth {ACM} Symposium on Principles
  	of Programming Languages},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {213--223},
  organization = {{ACM}},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address},
  topic = {parallel-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ pratt_v:1985a,
  author = {Vaughn R. Pratt},
  title = {Modelling Concurrency With Partial Orders},
  journal = {International Journal of Parallel Programming},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--71},
  topic = {parallel-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ pratthartmann-schoop:2002a,
  author = {Ian Pratt-Hartmann and Dominik Schoop},
  title = {Elementary Polyhedral Mereotopology},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {31},
  number = {5},
  pages = {469--498},
  topic = {mereology;spatial-logic;} 
  } 

@book{ prawitz:1965a,
  author = {Dag Prawitz},
  title = {Natural Deduction:  A Proof Theoretical Study},
  publisher = {Almqvist and Wiksell},
  year = {1965},
  address = {Stockholm},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ prawitz:1968a,
  author = {Dag Prawitz},
  title = {A Discussion Note on Utilitarianism},
  journal = {Theoria},
  volume = {34},
  year = {1968},
  pages = {76--84},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
    } 

@article{ prawitz:1970a,
  author = {Dag Prawitz},
  title = {The Alternatives to an Action},
  journal = {Theoria},
  volume = {36},
  year = {1970},
  pages = {116--126},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;action;foundations-of-decision-theory;}  
    } 

@incollection{ prawitz:1971a,
  author = {Dag Prawitz},
  title = {Ideas and Results in Proof Theory},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Scandinavian Logic Symposium},
  editor = {Jens Erik Fensted},
  year = {1971},
  pages = {235--307},
  publisher = {North Holland},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
    } 

@incollection{ prawitz:1973a,
  author = {Dag Prawitz},
  title = {The Philosophical Position of Proof Theory},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Logic in {S}candinavia},
  publisher = {The Johns Hopkins Press},
  address = {Baltimore},
  year = {1972},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
    } 

@article{ predelli:2000a,
  author = {Stefano Predelli},
  title = {Who's Afraid of Substitutivity?},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {34},
  number = {3},
  pages = {455--467},
  topic = {intensionality;propositional-attitudes;referential-opacity;}  
  } 

@book{ preece:1989a,
  editor = {Jenny Preece},
  title = {Human-Computer Interaction: Selected Readings: A Reader},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {013444910X},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ preece:1994a,
  author = {Jenny Preece},
  title = {Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
 } 

@book{ preece-etal:1994a,
  author = {Jenny Preece and Yvonne Rogers and Hewlen Sharp
  	and David Benyon and Simon Holland and Tom Carey},
  title = {Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  topic = {HCI;HCI-text;}  
 } 

@article{ prendinger-schurz:1996a,
  author = {Helmut Prendinger and Gerhard Schurz},
  title = {Reasoning about Action and Change: A Dynamic Logic
  	Approach},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {209--245},
  topic = {action-formalisms;dynamic-logic;frame-problem;
  	Yale-shooting-problem;multiagent-planning;}  
  } 

@book{ preparata-shamos:1985a,
  author = {Franco P. Preparata and Michael I. Shamos},
  title = {Computational Geometry:  An Introduction},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387961313},
  topic = {computational-geometry;}  
 } 

@article{ preston:1998a,
  author = {Beth Preston},
  title = {Why is a Wing Like a Spoon?  A Pluralist Theory
  	of Function},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {95},
  number = {5},
  pages = {215--254},
  contentnote = {Contains references to "artifact theory".},
  topic = {functionality;artifacts;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ prevost-steedman:1993a,
  author = {Scott Prevost and Mark Steedman},
  title = {Generating Contextually Appropriate Intonation},
  year = {1993},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Conference of the
  		European Chapter of {ACL}},
  pages = {332--340},
  address = {Utrecht},
  topic = {intonation;context;nl-generation;speech-generation;}  
  } 

@article{ prevost-steedman:1994a,
  author = {Scott Prevost and Mark Steedman},
  title = {Specifying Intonation from Context for Speech Synthesis},
  journal = {Speech Communication},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {139--153},
  topic = {intonation;context;nl-generation;speech-generation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ prevost:1996a,
  author = {Scott Prevost},
  title = {An Information Structural Approach to Spoken Language
  	Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {294--301},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {nl-generation;intonation;}  
 } 

@book{ price_h:1996a,
  author = {Huw Price},
  title = {Time's Arrow and {A}rchimedes' Point: New Directions
  	for the Physics of Time},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: belot:1998a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-time;temporal-direction;}  
 } 

@incollection{ price_h:1998a,
  author = {Huw Price},
  title = {Three Norms of Assertibility or How the {MOA} 
    		Became Extinct},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {241--254},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {truth;deflationary-analyses;}  
  } 

@article{ price_p-etal:1991a,
  author = {P. Price and M. Ostendorf and P. Stattunk-Hufnagel
  	and C. Feng},
  title = {The Use of Prosody in Syntactic Disambiguation},
  journal = {Journal of the Acoustic Society of America},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {90},
  number = {6},
  missinginfo = {A's first names, pages},
  topic = {prosody;nl-interpretation;disambiguation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ price_p:1996a,
  author = {Patti Price},
  title = {Combining Linguistic with Statistical
		Methods in Automatic Speech Understanding},
  booktitle = {The Balancing Act:  Combining Symbolic and Statistical
  	Approaches to Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik},
  pages = {119--133},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {speech-recognition;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@incollection{ prie-etal:1999a,
  author = {Yannick Prei\'e and Alain Mille and Jean-Marie Pinon},
  title = {A Context-Based Audiovisual Represention Model
			for Audiovisual Information Systems},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {296--309},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;classification-of-visual-information;}  
  } 

@article{ prieditis-davis:1995a,
  author = {Armand Prieditis and Robert Davis},
  title = {Quantitatively Relating Abstractness to the Accuracy of
  	Admissible Heuristics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {74},
  number = {1},
  pages = {165--175},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Admissible (lower-bound) heuristics are worth discovering
     because they have desirable properties in various search
     algorithms.  One well-known source of admissible heuristics is
     from abstractions of a problem.  Using standard definitions of
     heuristic accuracy and abstractness, we prove that heuristic
     accuracy decreases inversely with abstractness.  This is the
     first quantitative result linking abstractness to the heuristic
     accuracy.  Using this result, it may be possible to predict the
     accuracy of an abstraction-derived heuristic without testing it
     on a sample set of problems.  It may also be possible for a
     heuristic discovery system to use the theory to predict the
     accuracy of a heuristic, thereby better focusing its search.
  } ,
  topic = {search;heuristics;abstraction;}  
  } 

@article{ priest:1979a,
  author = {Graham Priest},
  title = {The Logic of Paradox},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {219--241},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;paraconsistency;}  
  } 

@article{ priest:1980a,
  author = {Graham Priest},
  title = {Sense, Entailment and {\it Modus Ponens}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {415--435},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ priest:1984a,
  author = {Graham Priest},
  title = {Logic of Paradox Revisited},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {153--179},
  topic = {paraconsistency;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ priest:1990a,
  author = {Graham Priest},
  title = {Boolean Negation and All That},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {201--215},
  topic = {negation;inconsistency;}  
  } 

@article{ priest-sylvan:1992a,
  author = {Graham Priest and Richard Sylvan},
  title = {Simplified Semantics for Basic Relevant Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {217--232},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ priest:1996a,
  author = {Graham Priest},
  title = {Some Priorities of {B}erkeley},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {479--487},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {idealism;}  
  } 

@article{ priest:1997a,
  author = {Graham Priest},
  title = {On a Paradox of {H}ilbert and {B}ernays},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {45--56},
  contentnote = {At a quick glance, this seems to be an analog of the Liar
  	having to do with denotation.},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;self-reference;}  
  } 

@article{ priest:1997b,
  author = {Graham Priest},
  title = {Inconsistent Models of Arithmetic.  Part {I}: Finite Models},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {223--235},
  topic = {paraconsistent-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ priest:1998a,
  author = {Graham Priest},
  title = {What Is So Bad about Contradiction?},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {95},
  number = {8},
  pages = {410--426},
  topic = {paraconsistency;}  
  } 

@article{ priest:1999a,
  author = {Graham Priest},
  title = {Semantic Closure, Descriptions, and Non-Triviality},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {6},
  pages = {549--558},
  topic = {paraconsistency;semantic-closure;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ priest:2000a,
  author = {Graham Priest},
  title = {Inconsistent Models of Arithmetic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1519--1529},
  topic = {relevance-logic;formalizations-of-arithmetic;
  	paraconsistent-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ priest:2002a,
  author = {Graham Priest},
  title = {Review of {\it Papers in Philosophical Logic}, 
      {\it Papers in Philosophical Metaphysics and Epistemology}, and
      {\it Papers in Ethics and Social Theory}, by {D}avid {L}ewis},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {36},
  number = {2},
  pages = {351--358},
  xref = {Review of: lewis_dk:1998a, lewis_dk:1999a, lewis_dk:2000b.},
  topic = {metaphysics;epistemplogy;philosophical-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ prijatelj:1975a,
  author = {Andreja Prijatelj},
  title = {Reflections on `Difficult' Embeddings},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {71--84},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;linear-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ prijatelj:1989a,
  author = {Andreja Prijatelj},
  title = {Intensional {L}ambek Calculi: Theory and Application},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {intensional-logic;Lambek-calculus;}  
  } 

@article{ prijatelj:1996a,
  author = {Andreja Prijatelj},
  title = {Reflections on `Difficult' Embeddings},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {71--84},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;linear-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ prince:1978a,
  author = {Ellen Prince},
  title = {A Comparison of Wh-Clefts and It-Clefts in Discourse},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {54},
  pages = {883--906},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {discourse;presupposition;pragmatics;sentence-focus;}  
  } 

@incollection{ prince:1981a,
  author = {Ellen F. Prince},
  title = {Towards a Taxonomy of Given-New Information},
  booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {223--256},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {given-new;presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ prince_e:1988a,
  author = {Ellen F. Prince},
  title = {Discourse Analysis},
  booktitle = {Linguistics, The Cambridge Survey},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Frederick J.  Newmeyer},
  pages = {164--182},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ prior_an:1956a,
  author = {Arthur N. Prior},
  title = {Modality and Quantification in {S5}},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1956},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {60--62},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@book{ prior_an:1956b,
  author = {Arthur N. Prior},
  title = {Time and Modality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1956},
  address = {Oxford},
  title = {On a Family of Paradoxes},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1961},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {16--32},
  topic = {liar;paradox;intensional-paradoxes;}  
 } 

@book{ prior_an:1962a,
  author = {Arthur N. Prior},
  title = {Formal Logic},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1962},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
    } 

@article{ prior_an:1962b,
  author = {Arthur N. Prior},
  title = {Possible Worlds (Idea Attributed to {P}.{T}. {G}each)},
  journal = {Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {36--43},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {modal-logic;foundations-of-modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ prior_an:1962c,
  author = {Arthur N. Prior},
  title = {Nonentities},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series},
  publisher = {Barnes and Noble},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {120--132},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;(non)existence;}  
  } 

@book{ prior_an:1967a,
  author = {Arthur N Prior},
  title = {Past, Present and Future},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1967},
  address = {Oxford},
  title = {Papers on Time and Tense},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1968},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {temporal-logic;philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ prior_an:1971a,
  author = {Arthur N. Prior},
  title = {Objects of Thought},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Edited by Peter Geach and Anthony Kenny.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;intensionality;}  
 } 

@book{ prior_an:1977a,
  author = {Arthur N. Prior and Kit Fine},
  title = {Worlds, Times and Selves},
  publisher = {Gerald Duckworth and Company},
  year = {1977},
  address = {London},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ prior_an:1996a,
  author = {Arthur N. Prior},
  title = {A Statement of Temporal Realism},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {45--46},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {temporal-logic;philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ prior_an:1997b,
  author = {Arthur N. Prior},
  title = {Some Free Thinking about Time},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {47--51},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {temporal-logic;philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@book{ prior_ew:1985a,
  author = {Elizabeth W. Prior},
  title = {Dispositions},
  publisher = {Aberdeen University Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Aberdeen},
  ISBN = {0080324185},
  topic = {dispositions;}  
 } 

@book{ procter:1978a,
  editor = {Paul Procter},
  title = {Longman Dictionary of Contemporary {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Harlow, England},
  ISBN = {0582525713},
  topic = {dictionary;}  
 } 

@article{ progovac:1993a,
  author = {Ljiljana Progovac},
  title = {Negative Polarity:  Entailment and Binding},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {2},
  pages = {149--180},
  topic = {negation;polarity;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ propopenko-butler:1999a,
  author = {Mikhail Propopenko and Marc Butler},
  title = {Tactical Reasoning in Synthetic Multi-Agent
		Systems: A Case Study},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
	Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Michael Thielscher},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {action-formalisms;cognitive-robotics;agent-architectures;
		multiagent-systems;multiagent-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ prosser:1996a,
  author = {Patrick Prosser},
  title = {An Empirical Study of Phase Transitions in Binary
		Constraint Satisfaction Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {81},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {81--109},
  topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;
  	computational-phase-transitions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ provan:1988a,
  author = {Gregory M. Provan},
  title = {A Complexity Analysis of Assumption-Based Truth
  	Maintenance Systems},
  booktitle = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Barbara Smith and Gerald Kelleher},
  pages = {98--113},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ provan-poole:1991a,
  author = {Gregory M. Provan and David Poole},
  title = {The Utility of Consistency-Based Diagnostic Techniques},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {461--472},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;diagnosis;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ provan:2002a,
  author = {Gregory Provan},
  title = {A Model-Based Diagnosis Framework for Distributed Embedded
  	Systems},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {341--352},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;diagnosis;model-based-reasoning;} 
  } 

@article{ prunescu:2002a,
  author = {Mihai Prunescu},
  title = {A Model-Theoretic Proof for $P\not=NP$ over All Infinite
  	{A}belian Groups},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {235--238},
  topic = {P=NP-problem;group-theory;} 
  } 

@article{ prust-etal:1994a,
  author = {Hub Pr\"ust and Remko Scha and Martin van der Berg},
  title = {Discourse Grammar and Verb Phrase Anaphora},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {3},
  pages = {261--327},
  topic = {verb-phrase-anaphora;discourse-representation-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ przelecki:1976a,
  author = {Marian Prze{\l}ecki},
  title = {Fuzziness as Multiplicity},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {371--380},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ przymusinska:1988a,
  author = {Halina Przymusinska},
  title = {The Embeddability of Hierarchic Autoepistemic Logic
  	in Autoepistemic Logic},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at El Paso.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-loguc;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ przymusinski:1989a2,
  author = {Teodor C. Przymusinski},
  title = {Three-Valued Nonmonotonic Formalisms and Semantics of Logic
  	Programs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {49},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {309--343},
  xref = {Conference publication: przynusinski:1989a1.},
  topic = {many-valued-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ przymusinski:1989b,
  author = {Teodor C. Przymusinski},
  title = {An Algorithm to Compute Circumscription},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49--73},
  topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-reasoning;AI-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ przymusinski:1997a,
  author = {Teodor C. Przymusinski},
  title = {Autoepistemic Logic of Knowledge and Beliefs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {95},
  number = {1},
  pages = {115--154},
  topic = {autoepistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ przymusinski-turner_h:1997a,
  author = {Teodor C. Przymusinski and Hudson Turner},
  title = {Update by Means of Inference Rules},
  journal = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {30},
  number = {2},
  pages = {125--143},
  topic = {knowledge-base-revision;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ przynusinski:1989a1,
  author = {Teodor C. Przynusinski},
  title = {Three-Valued Formalizations of Non-Monotonic Reasoning
  	and Logic},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {341--348},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Journal publication: przynusinski:1989a2.},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;many-valued-logic;circumsciption;
  	logic-programming;well-founded-semantics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ psathas:1979a,
  editor = {George Psathas},
  title = {Everyday Language: Studies in Ethnomethodology},
  publisher = {Irvington},
  year = {1979},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {ethnomethodology;conversation-analysis;}  
 } 

@book{ psathas:1995a,
  editor = {G. Psathas},
  title = {Conversation Analysis: The Study of Talk-in-Interaction},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {ethnomethodology;conversation-analysis;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pudelko-etal:1999a,
  author = {B\'eatrice Pudelko and ELizabeth Hamilton and Denis Legros
			and Charles Tijus},
  title = {How Context Contributes to Metaphor
			Understanding},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {511--514},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;metaphor;}  
  } 

@book{ pudney:1989a,
  author = {Stephen Pudney},
  title = {Modeling Individual Choice: The Econometrics of Corners,
  	Kinks and Holes},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {decision-theory;preferences;}  
 } 

@article{ pullum-gazdar:1982a,
  author = {Geoffrey Pullum and Gerald Gazdar},
  title = {Natural Languages and Context-Free Languages},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {471--504},
  topic = {GPSG;generative-capacity;}  
  } 

@article{ pullum:1984a,
  author = {Geoffrey Pullum},
  title = {Stalking the Perfect Journal},
  journal = {Natural Language and Linguistic Theory},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {261--267},
  topic = {academic-editorial;journal-management;}  
  } 

@book{ pullum:1991a,
  author = {Geoffrey K. Pullum},
  title = {The Great {E}skimo Vocabulary Hoax, and Other Irreverent
  	Essays on the Study of Language},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0226685330},
  topic = {linguistics-essays;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ pulman:1994a,
  author = {Stephen G. Pulman},
  title = {A Computational Theory of Context Dependence},
  editor = {Harry Bunt and Reinhard Muskens and Gerrit Rentier},
  pages = {161--170},
  booktitle = {IWCS},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Tilburg},
  topic = {context;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ pulman:1995a,
  author = {Stephen G. Pulman},
  title = {Review of {\it Reversible Grammar in Natural Language
  	Processing}, by {T}omek {S}trzalkowski},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {269--271},
  xref = {Review of strzalkowski:1994a.},
  topic = {reversible-grammar;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ pulman:1996a,
  author = {Steven G. Pulman},
  title = {Unification Encodings of Grammatical Notations},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {295--327},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;unification-grammars;}  
  } 

@article{ pulman:1997a,
  author = {Stephen G. Pulman},
  title = {Higher Order Unification and the Interpretation of Focus},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {73--115},
  topic = {unification;sentence-focus;pragmatics;higher-order-unification;}  
  } 

@article{ pulman:1999a,
  author = {Stephen G. Pulman},
  title = {Review of {\it Type-Logical Semantics}, by
		{B}ob {C}arpenter},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {3},
  pages = {445--446},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ pulman:2000a,
  author = {Stephen G. Pulman},
  title = {Bidirectional Context Resolution},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {497--537},
  topic = {context;anaphora;ellipsis;anaphora-resolution;}  
  } 

@incollection{ punyakanok-roth:2000a,
  author = {Vasin Punyakanok and Dan Roth},
  title = {Shallow Parsing by Inferencing with Classifiers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {107--110},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;text-skimming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ purang-etal:1996a,
  author = {Khemdat Purang and Donald Perlis and John Gurney},
  title = {Active Logic Applied to Cancellation of {G}ricean
  	Implicature},
  booktitle = {Computational Implicature: Computing Approaches to
  	Interpreting and Generating Conversational Implicature},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Barbara {Di Eugenio} and Nancy L. Green},
  pages = {86--96},
  publisher = {AAAI},
  note = {Unpublished Working Notes, {AAAI} Spring Symposium.},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;active-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ purang-etal:1999a,
  author = {Khemdut Purang and Darsana Purushothaman and David Traum
  	and Carl Andersen and Don Perlis},
  title = {Practical Reasoning and Plan Execution with Active
  	Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Practical Reasoning and Rationality},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {John Bell},
  pages = {30--38},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;active-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ purdom:1983a,
  author = {Paul Walton {Purdom, Jr.}},
  title = {Search Rearrangement Backtracking and Polynomial Average
  	Time},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {117--133},
  topic = {search;AI-algorithms-analysis;backtracking;polynomial-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ purves:1993a,
  author = {Dale Purves},
  title = {Brain or Mind?  A Review of {A}llen {N}ewell's
  	`Unified Theories of Cognition'},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {371--373},
  xref = {Review of newell:1992a.},
  topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;}  
  } 

@book{ pustejovsky-sells:1982a,
  editor = {James Pustejovsky and Peter Sells},
  title = {{NELS 12}: Proceedings of the Twelfth Conference of the
  	{N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  publisher = {GLSA Publications},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications:
  	http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.},
  topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ pustejovsky-bergler:1987a,
  editor = {James Pustejovsky and Sabine Bergler},
  title = {Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  year = {1987},
  number = {627},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {machine-translation;nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ pustejovsky:1988a,
  author = {James Pustejovsky},
  title = {The Geometry of Events},
  institution = {Linguistics Department, Massachusetts Institute of
  	Technology},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Lexicon Working Papers, Number 24.},
  topic = {tense-aspect;Aktionsarten;events;}  
  } 

@article{ pustejovsky:1988b,
  author = {James Pustejovsky},
  title = {Constraints on the Acquisition of Semantic Knowledge},
  journal = {International Journal of Intelligent Systems},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {247--268},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {L1-acquisition;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ pustejovsky:1991a,
  author = {James Pustejovsky},
  title = {The Generative Lexicon},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {17},
  number = {4},
  pages = {409--441},
  contentnote = {This is a systematic discussion.  Coercion is mentioned,
  	there is an extensive discussion of lexical inheritance.},
  topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;nm-ling;
  	lexical-processing;semantic-coercion;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pustejovsky:1991b,
  author = {James Pustejovsky},
  title = {Lexical Semantics},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  note = {2nd edition.},
  missinginfo = {publisher, address, editor, pages},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ pustejovsky-boguraev:1991a,
  author = {James Pustejovsky and Branamir Boguraev},
  title = {Lexical Knowledge Representation and Natural Language
		Processing},
  journal = {{IBM} Journal of Research and Development},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {35},
  number = {4},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;semantic-coercion;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pustejovsky:1992a,
  author = {James Pustejovsky},
  title = {The Syntax of Event Structure},
  booktitle = {Lexical and Conceptual Semantics},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Beth Levin and Steven Pinker},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers},
  pages = {47--81},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;computational-lexical-semantics;events;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pustejovsky:1992b,
  author = {James Pustejovsky},
  title = {Lexical Semantics},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, 2nd Edition},
  edition = {2},
  editor = {Stuart C. Shapiro},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1992},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ pustejovsky:1993a,
  editor = {James Pustejovsky},
  title = {Semantics and the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Discussion: fodor_ja-lepore:1998a, pustejovsky:1998a.},
  ISBN = {079231963X (acid-free paper)},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Ray Jackendoff, "X-bar Semantics"
	2. George Lakoff, "The Syntax of Metaphorical Semantic Roles"
	3. Malka Rappaport, Mary Laughren, and Beth Levin, "Levels of Lexical
             Representation"
	4. William Croft, "Case Marking and the Semantics of Mental Verbs"
	5. James Pustejovsky, "Type Coercion and Lexical Selection"
	6. Jane Grimshaw and Edwin Williams, "Nominalization and
                 predicative prepositional phrases"
	7. Robert J.P. Ingria and Leland M. George, "Adjectives,
		Nominals, and the Status of Arguments"
       10. Annie Zaenen, "Unaccusativity in Dutch: Integrating Syntax
       		and Lexical Semantics"
       11. T.R. Rapoport, "Verbs in Depictives and Resultatives"
       12. Tom Roeper, "Explicit Syntax in the Lexicon: The Representation of
                Nominalizations"
       13. John F. Sowa, "Lexical Structure and Conceptual
                Structures"
       14. Dan Fass, "Lexical semantic constraints"
       15. Sergei Nirenburg and Christine Defrise, "Models for Lexical
                Knowledge Bases"
       16.  Branimir Boguraev and Beth Levin, "Lexical and Conceptual
                Structures for Knowledge Based Translation"
       17. Yorick Wilks, "Providing Machine Tractable Dictionary Tools"
   } ,
  topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;semantic-coercion;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pustejovsky:1993b,
  author = {James Pustejovsky},
  title = {Type Coercion and Lexical Selection},
  booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  pages = {73--94},
  topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;semantic-coercion;}  
  } 

@article{ pustejovsky-boguraev:1993a,
  author = {James Pustejovsky and Branimir Boguraev},
  title = {Lexical Knowledge Representation and Natural Language
  	Processing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {63},
  pages = {193--223},
  topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;machine-translation;
  	semantic-coercion;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pustejovsky:1995a,
  author = {James Pustejovsky},
  title = {Linguistic Constraints on Type Coercion},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {71--97},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;semantic-coercion;}  
  } 

@book{ pustejovsky:1995b,
  author = {James Pustejovsky},
  title = {The Generative Lexicon},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachuesetts},
  ISBN = {0262161583},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ pustejovsky-boguraev:1997a,
  editor = {James Pustejovsky and Branamir Boguraev},
  title = {Lexical Semantics: The Problem of Polysemy},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
      1. James Pustejovsky and Brian Boguraev, "Introduction:
           Lexical Semantics in Context", pp. 1--14
      2. Ann Copestake and Ted Briscoe, "Semi-Productive
           Polysemy and Sense Extension", pp. 15--67
      3. Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides, "Lexical Disambiguation
           in a Discourse Context", pp. 69--108
      4. Geoffrey Nunberg, "Transfers of Meaning", pp. 109--132
      5. James Pustejovsky and Pierrette Bouillon, "Aspectual
           Coercion and Logical Polysemy", pp. 133--162
      6. Nicholas Asher and Pierre Sablayrolles, "A Typology and
           Discourse Semantics for Motion Verbs and Spatial
           {PP}s in {F}rench", pp. 163--207
	},
  ISBN = {019823662X},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;computational-lexical-semantics;
		polysemy;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pustejovsky-boguraev:1997b,
  author = {James Pustejovsky and Branamir Boguraev},
  title = {Introduction: Lexical Semantics in Context},
  booktitle = {Lexical Semantics: The Problem of Polysemy},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky and Brian Boguraev},
  pages = {1--14},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {ambiguity;lexical-semantics;
		computational-lexical-semantics;polysemy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pustejovsky-bouillon:1997a,
  author = {James Pustejovsky and Pierrette Bouillon},
  title = {Aspectual Coercion and Logical Polysemy},
  booktitle = {Lexical Semantics: The Problem of Polysemy},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky and Brian Boguraev},
  pages = {133--162},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {tense-aspect;polysemy;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ pustejovsky:1998a,
  author = {James Pustejovsky},
  title = {Generativity and Explanation in Semantics:  A Reply
  	to {F}odor and {L}epore},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {199},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  pages = {289--311},
  xref = {Discussion of pustejovsky:1993a.},
  topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1960a1,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Minds and Machines},
  booktitle = {Dimensions of Mind: A Symposium},
  publisher = {New York University Press},
  year = {1960},
  editor = {Sidney Hook},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Republication: putnam:1960a2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-mind;
  	philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1960a2,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Minds and Machines},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {362--385},
  xref = {Republication of: putnam:1960a2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-mind;
  	philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1961a2,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Some Issues in the Theory of Grammar},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {85--116},
  xref = {Republication of: putnam:1961a1.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-syntax;
  	foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1962a1,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {The Analytic and the Synthetic},
  booktitle = {Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science,
  	Volume {III}},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Herbert Feigl and Grover Maxwell},
  pages = {358--397},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  xref = {Republication: putnam:1962a2.},
  topic = {analyticity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1962a2,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {The Analytic and the Synthetic},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {33--69},
  xref = {Republication of: putnam:1962a1.},
  topic = {analyticity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1962b1,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Dreaming and `Depth Grammar'\,},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series},
  publisher = {Barnes and Noble},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  address = {New York},
  pages = {211--235},
  xref = {Commentary on: malcolm:1959a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;dreaming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1962b2,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Dreaming and `Depth Grammar'\,},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {304--324},
  xref = {Commentary on: malcolm:1959a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;dreaming;}  
  } 

@article{ putnam:1964a1,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Robots: Machines or Artificially Created Life?},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {61},
  number = {21},
  pages = {668--691},
  xref = {Republication: putnam:1964a2.},
  xref = {Commentary: albritton:1964a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1964a2,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Robots: Machines or Artificially Created Life?},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {386--407},
  xref = {Republication of: putnam:1964a2.},
  xref = {Commentary: albritton:1964a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1965a1,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Brains and Behavior},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1965},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {1--19},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Republication: putnam:1965a2.},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1965a2,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Brains and Behavior},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {325--341},
  xref = {Republication of: putnam:1965a1.},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1965b2,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {How Not to Talk about Meaning},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {117--131},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-science;reduction;}  
  } 

@article{ putnam-ullian:1965a,
  author = {Hilary Putnam and Joseph S. Ullian},
  title = {More about `About'\,},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {12},
  pages = {305--310},
  topic = {aboutness;}  
  } 

@article{ putnam:1967a1,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {The `Innateness Hypothesis' and Explanatory
     		Models in Linguistics},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {12--22},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: putnam:1967a2.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-syntax;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1967a2,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {The `Innateness Hypothesis' and Explanatory
     		Models in Linguistics},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {107--116},
  xref = {Republication of: putnam:1967a2.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-syntax;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1969a1,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Logical Positivism and the Philosophy of Mind},
  booktitle = {The Legacy of Logical Positivism},
  publisher = {Johns Hopkins Press},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {Peter Achinstein and Stephen F. Barker},
  address = {Baltimore},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Republication: putnam:1969a1.},
  topic = {logical-positivism;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1969a2,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Logical Positivism and the Philosophy of Mind},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {441--451},
  xref = {Republication of: putnam:1969a2.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@article{ putnam:1970a1,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Is Semantics Possible?},
  journal = {Metaphilosophy},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {187--201},
  xref = {Republication: putnam:1970a2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1970a2,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Is Semantics Possible?},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {139--152},
  xref = {Republication of: putnam:1970a1.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ putnam:1973a1,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Reductionism and the Nature of Psychology},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {131--146},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republished: putnam:1973a2.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mind-body-problem;
       philosophy-of-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1973a2,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Reductionism and the Nature of Psychology},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {John Haugeland},
  pages = {205--219},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Originally Published: putnam:1973a1.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mind-body-problem;
       philosophy-of-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ putnam:1973b,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Meaning and Reference},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {70},
  number = {19},
  pages = {699--711},
  topic = {reference;semantics-of-proper-names;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1973c1,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Explanation and Reference},
  booktitle = {Conceptual Change},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Glenn Pearce and Patrick Maynard},
  pages = {199--221},
  xref = {Republication: putnam:1973c2.},
  topic = {philosophical-realism;foundations-of-semantics;reference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1973c2,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Explanation and Reference},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {196--214},
  xref = {Republication of: putnam:1973c1.},
  topic = {philosophical-realism;foundations-of-semantics;reference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1975a1,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {The Meaning of `Meaning'\,},
  booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge.  {M}innesota Studies in
  	the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Keith Gunderson},
  pages = {131--193},
  address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
  xref = {Republication: putnam:1975a2.},
  topic = {methodological-solipsism;natural-kinds;reference;
  	philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1975a2,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {The Meaning of `Meaning'\,},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {215--271},
  xref = {Republication: putnam:1975a2.},
  topic = {methodological-solipsism;natural-kinds;reference;
  	philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ putnam:1978a,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Meaning and the Moral Sciences},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1987},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0 7100 8754 3},
  topic = {truth;foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-social-science;}  
 } 

@article{ putnam:1978b,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {There is at Least One A Priori Truth},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {153--170},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;a-priori;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1979a,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Reference and Understanding},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second
		{J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Avishai Margalit},
  pages = {199--217},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {reference;;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1979b,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Analyticity and Aprioity: Beyond {W}ittgenstein
  	and {Q}uine},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}:
  	Studies in Metaphysics},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {423--441},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {analyticity;a-priori;}  
  } 

@article{ putnam:1982b,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Comment on {F}odor's `Cognitive Science and the
  	Twin Earth Problem'\'},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {294--295},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;content-externalism;twin-earth;}  
  } 

@book{ putnam:1983a,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Realism and Reason},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {philosophical-realism;}  
 } 

@article{ putnam:1983b,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Vagueness and Alternative Logic},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {297--314},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
 } 

@incollection{ putnam:1983c,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Models and Reality},
  booktitle = {Realism and Reason},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {1--25},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Discussion: bays:2001a.},
  topic = {philosophical-realism;lowenheim-skolem-theorem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1984a,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Is the Causal Structure of the Physical Itself Something
  		Physical?},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {3--16},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@book{ putnam:1988a,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Representation and Reality},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ putnam:1995a,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Hilary Putnam, "Introduction: Philosophy of Language and
     		the Rest of Philosophy", pp. vii--xvii
     2. Hilary Putnam, "Language and Philosophy", pp. 1--32
     3. Hilary Putnam, "The Analytic and the Synthetic", pp. 33--69
     4. Hilary Putnam, "Do True Assertions Correspond to 
     		Reality?", pp. 70--84
     5. Hilary Putnam, "Some Issues in the Theory of Grammar", pp. 85--116
     6. Hilary Putnam, "The `Innateness Hypothesis' and Explanatory
     		Models in Linguistics", pp. 107--116
     7. Hilary Putnam, "How Not to Talk about Meaning", pp. 117--131
     8. Hilary Putnam, "Review of {\it The Concept of a 
     		Person}", pp. 132--138
     9. Hilary Putnam, "Is Semantics Possible?", pp. 139--152
    10. Hilary Putnam, "The Refutation of Conventionalis,", pp. 153--191
    11. Hilary Putnam, "Reply to {G}erald {M}assey", pp. 192--195
    12. Hilary Putnam, "Explanation and Reference", pp. 196--214
    13. Hilary Putnam, "The Meaning of `Meaning'\,", pp. 215--271
    14. Hilary Putnam, "Language and Reality", pp. 272--290
    15. Hilary Putnam, "Philosophy and Our Mental Life", pp. 291--303
    16. Hilary Putnam, "Dreaming and `Depth Grammar'\,", pp. 304--324
    17. Hilary Putnam, "Brains and Behavior", pp. 325--341
    18. Hilary Putnam, "Other Minds", pp. 342--361
    19. Hilary Putnam, "Minds and Machines", pp. 362--385
    20. Hilary Putnam, "Robots: Machines or Artificially Created 
    		Life?", pp. 386--407
    21. Hilary Putnam, "The Mental Life of Some Machines", pp. 408--428
    22. Hilary Putnam, "The Nature of Mental States", pp. 429--440
    23. Hilary Putnam, "Logical Positivism and the Philosophy of 
    		Mind", pp. 441--451
  } ,
  ISBN = {0 521 29551 3},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;philosophy-of-mind;
  	philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-AI;}  
} 

@incollection{ putnam:1995b,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Introduction: Philosophy of Language and
     		the Rest of Philosophy},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {vii--xvii},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-and-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1995c,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Language and Philosophy},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {1--32},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-and-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1995d,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Do True Assertions Correspond to Reality?},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {70--84},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1995e,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Language and Reality},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {272--290},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;realism;reference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1995f,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Philosophy and Our Mental Life},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {291--303},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;functionalism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1995g,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Other Minds},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {342--361},
  xref = {Commentary on: ziff:1965a.},
  topic = {other-minds;}  
  } 

@article{ putnam:1995h,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Review of {\em Shadows of the Mind}, by {R}oger {P}enrose},
  journal = {Bulletin of the {A}merican {M}athematical {S}ociety},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {370--373},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;goedels-first-theorem;
  	foundations-of-computation;goedels-second-theorem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ putnam:1995i,
  author = {Hilary Putnam},
  title = {Review of {\it The Concept of a Person}, by {A}.{J}.
  	{A}yer},
  booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Hilary Putnam},
  pages = {132--138},
  xref = {Review of: ayer:1963a.},
  topic = {ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ pylkkanen:1997a,
  author = {Liina Pylkk\"anen},
  title = {The Semantics of {F}innish Causatives},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University
		of Pittsburgh},
  topic = {Finnish-language;lexical-semantics;causatives;}  
  } 

@book{ pylyshyn:1970a,
  editor = {Zenon W. Pylyshyn},
  title = {Perspectives on the Computer Revolution},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1970},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0136607616},
  topic = {social-impact-of-computation;}  
 } 

@article{ pylyshyn:1973a,
  author = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  title = {Competence and Psychological Reality},
  journal = {American Psychologist},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {546--552},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;competence;psychological-reality;}  
  } 

@article{ pylyshyn:1973b,
  author = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  title = {The Role of Competence Theories in Cognitive Psychology},
  journal = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {21--50},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;competence;psychological-reality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pylyshyn:1979a1,
  author = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  title = {Complexity and the Study of Artificial and Human
  	Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Humanities Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Martin Ringle},
  address = {Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Republished: pylyshyn:1979a2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;philosophy-of-cogsci;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pylyshyn:1979a2,
  author = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  title = {Complexity and the Study of Artificial
          and Human Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {John Haugeland},
  pages = {67--94},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Originally Published: pylyshyn:1979a1.},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;philosophy-of-cogsci;}  
  } 

@article{ pylyshyn:1980a,
  author = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  title = {Computation and Cognition: Issues in the Foundations of
  	Cognitive Science},
  journal = {The Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {111--50},
  contentnote = {Contains commentary by Patricia Churchland, Paul Churchland,
  	William Demopoulos, Michael Fortescue, Stephen Grossberg,
	John Heil, Stuart Huise, Earl Hunt, Frank Keil, Roberta
	Klatsky, Henry Kyburg, George Miller, James Miller, Robert
	Moore, Steven Pinker, William Powers, Georges Rey, Martin
	Ringle, William Smythe, Stephen Stich, Walter Weimer, and
	Stephen Zucker.},
  xref = {See pylyshyn:1984a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;competence;philosophy-of-cogsci;
  	foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
  } 

@article{ pylyshyn:1981a,
  author = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  title = {The Nativists are Restless!},
  journal = {Psychology Today},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {26},
  number = {7},
  pages = {501--504},
  topic = {L1-language-learning;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ pylyshyn:1984a,
  author = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  title = {Computation and Cognition: Toward a Foundation
             for Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  year = {1984},
  ISBN = {0262160986},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;competence;philosophy-of-cogsci;
  	foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
    } 

@book{ pylyshyn-demopoulos:1986a,
  editor = {Zenon W. Pylyshyn and William Demopoulos},
  title = {Meaning and Cognitive Structure: Issues in the
  	Computational Theory of Mind},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0893913723},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ pylyshyn:1987a,
  editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  title = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem
             in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  year = {1987},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Lars-Erik Janlert, "Modeling Change---the Frame
         Problem", pp. 1--40
     2. Daniel C. Dennett, "Cognitive Wheels: the Frame Problem
         of {AI}", pp. 41-- 64
     3. Clark Glymour, "Android Epistemology and the Frame Problem:
         Comments on {D}ennett's `Cognitive Wheels'\,", pp. 65--75
     4. John Haugeland, "An Overview of the Frame Problem", pp. 77--
     5. Hubert L. Dreyfus and Stuart E. Dreyfus, "How to Stop
         Worrying about the Frame Problem Even though It's
         Computationally Intractable", pp. 95--111
     6. Drew McDermott, "We've Been Framed: Or, Why {AI} Is
         Innocent of the Frame Problem", pp. 113--122
     7. Patrick J Hayes, "What the Frame Problem Is and
         Isn't", pp. 123--137
     8. Jerry A. Fodor, "Modules, Frames, Fridgeons, Sleeping Dogs, and
         the Music of the Spheres", pp. 139--149
  } ,
  ISBN = {0893913715},
  topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;}  
    } 

@incollection{ pylyshyn:1987b,
  author = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  title = {Preface},
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem
    		 in Artificial Intelligence},
  editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {vii--xi},
  topic = {frame-problem;}  
    } 

@book{ pylyshyn:1988a,
  editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  title = {Computational Processes in Human Vision: An Interdisciplinary
    Perspective},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Norwood, New Jeersey},
  ISBN = {0893914606},
  topic = {vision;}  
 } 

@incollection{ pylyshyn:1989a,
  author = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  title = {Computing in Cognitive Science},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {2},
  pages = {51--91},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;foundations-of-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ pylyshyn:1989b,
  author = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  title = {On ``Computation and Cognition: Toward a Foundation of
  	Cognitive Science''.  A Response to the Reviews by {A}.{K}.
	{M}ackworth and {M}.{J}. {S}tefik},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  pages = {248--251},
  xref = {Commentary on mackworth:1989a, stefik:1989a, which are
  	reviews of pylyshyn:1984a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;competence;philosophy-of-cogsci;
  	foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pylyshyn:1996a,
  author = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  title = {The Frame Problem Blues: Once More, with Feeling},
  booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem
             in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn},
  pages = {xi--xviii},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  xref = {Review: smoliar:1988a.},
  topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ pylyshyn:1996b,
  author = {Zenon N. Pylyshyn},
  title = {The Study of Cognitive Architecture},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {51--74},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;}  
  } 

@book{ pylyshyn:1998a,
  editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn},
  title = {Constraining Cognitive Theories: Issues and Options},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Stamford, COnnecticut},
  ISBN = {1567502997 (hardcover)},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;cogsci-methodology;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ pynadth-wellman:1995a,
  author = {D.V. Pynadth and Michael Wellman},
  title = {Accounting for Context in Plan Recognition},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on
		Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence ({UAI}-95)},
  year = {1995},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address, pages},
  topic = {context;plan-recognition;}  
  } 

@article{ pynko:1995a,
  author = {Alexej P. Pynko},
  title = {Algebraic Study of Sette's Maximal Paraconsistent Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {54},
  number = {1},
  pages = {89--128},
  topic = {paraconsistency'algebraic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ qin-simon:1995a,
  author = {Yulin Qin and Herbert Simon},
  title = {Imagery and Mental Models in Problem Solving},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {403--434},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;
  	cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ quantz:1992a,
  author = {Joachim Quantz},
  title = {A Step Towards Second Order},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {78--82},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;}  
  } 

@incollection{ quantz-royer:1992a,
  author = {J. Joachim Quantz and V\'erinique Royer},
  title = {A Preference Semantics for Defaults in Terminological
  	Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {294--305},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {model-preference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ quesada-amores:2002a,
  author = {J.F. Quesada and J.G. Amores},
  title = {Knowledge-Based Reference Resolution for Dialogue
  	Management in a Home Domain Environment},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {149--154},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;computational-dialogue;} 
  } 

@incollection{ quilici:1989a,
  author = {Alexander Quilici},
  title = {Detecting and Responding to
		Plan-Oriented Misconceptions},
  booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {108--132},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {user-modeling;misconception-detection;}  
 } 

@article{ quillian:1967a1,
  author = {M. Ross Quillian},
  title = {Word Concepts: A Theory and Simulation of Some Basic
  	Semantic Capabilities},
  journal = {Behavioral Science},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {410--430},
  xref = {Republished in Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque;
  	Readings in Knowledge Representation.  See quillian:1967a2.},
  topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ quillian:1967a2,
  author = {M. Ross Quillian},
  title = {Word Concepts: A Theory and Simulation of Some Basic
  	Semantic Capabilities},
  booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  pages = {97--118},
  xref = {Originally Published in Behavioral Science 12; 1967; 410--430.
  	See quillian:1967a1.},
  topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ quillian:1968a,
  author = {M. Ross Quillian},
  title = {Semantic Memory},
  booktitle = {Semantic Information Processing},
  publisher = {{MIT} Press},
  year = {1968},
  editor = {Marvin Minsky},
  pages = {227--270},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ quine:1947a,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {The Problem of Interpreting Modal Logic},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1947},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {43--48},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {modal-logic;foundations-of-modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ quine:1951a,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {Two Dogmas of Empiricism},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1951},
  volume = {60},
  pages = {20--43},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Commentary: grice_hp-strawson_pf:1956a.},
  topic = {empiricism;a-priori;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ quine:1953a,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {Three Grades of Modal Involvement},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {XI}th International
  	Congress of Philosophy, Volume 14},
  year = {1953},
  pages = {65--81},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher},
  topic = {foundations-of-modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@article{ quine:1956a1,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {Quantifiers and Propositional Attitudes},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1956},
  volume = {53},
  pages = {177--187},
  xref = {Republished: quine:1956a2.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ quine:1956a2,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {Quantifiers and Propositional Attitudes},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickinson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert Harman},
  pages = {153--159},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Republication of: quine:1956a1.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@book{ quine:1959a,
  author = {W. V. Quine},
  title = {Methods of Logic},
  publisher = {Holt},
  year = {1959},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {logic-text;}  
  } 

@incollection{ quine:1960a,
  author = {Willard V.O Quine},
  title = {Variables Explained Away},
  booktitle = {Selected Logic Papers},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1960},
  editor = {Willard V. Quine},
  pages = {227--235},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {combinatory-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ quine:1961a1,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {Logic as a Source of Syntactical Insights},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of Symposia in Applied Mathematics, Volume
  	{XII}},
  publisher = {American Mathematical Society},
  year = {1961},
  pages = {1--5},
  address = {Providence, Rhode Island},
  xref = {Republication: quine:1961a2.},
  topic = {pronouns;variable-binding;logical-form;}  
  } 

@incollection{ quine:1961a2,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {Logic as a Source of Syntactical Insights},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {153--159},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: quine:1961a1.},
  topic = {pronouns;variable-binding;logical-form;}  
  } 

@book{ quine:1963a,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {Set Theory and Its Logic},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1963},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {set-theory;foundations-of-set-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ quine:1964a,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {Implicit Definition Sustained},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {51},
  number = {2},
  pages = {71--74},
  topic = {definitions;}  
  } 

@article{ quine:1965a,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {J.{L}. {A}ustin: Comment},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {19},
  pages = {509--510},
  topic = {JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@article{ quine:1968a1,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {Ontological Relativity: The {D}ewey Lectures 1969},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {65},
  number = {7},
  pages = {185--212},
  xref = {Partial republication: quine:1968a2.},
  topic = {ontology;reference;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ quine:1968a2,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {The Inscrutability of Reference},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {142--154},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Partial republication of: quine:1968a1.},
  topic = {ontology;reference;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ quine-ullian:1970a,
  author = {Willard V. Quine and Joseph Ullian},
  title = {The Web of Belief},
  publisher = {Random House},
  year = {1970},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {epistemology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ quine:1972a,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {Methodological Reflections on Current Linguistic Theory},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {442--454},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-syntax;}  
  } 

@article{ quine:1974a,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {Comment on {D}onald {D}avidson},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {325--329},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {indirect-discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ quine:1974b,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {Comment on {M}ichael {D}ummett},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {399},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {indeterminacy-of-translation;}  
  } 

@article{ quine:1975a,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {On Empirically Equivalent Systems of the World},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {313--328},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {epistemology;}  
  } 

@article{ quine:1978a1,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {Use and its Place in Meaning},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {1--8},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: quine:1978a2.},
  topic = {pragmatics;indexicality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ quine:1978a2,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {Use and its Place in Meaning},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second
		{J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Avishai Margalit},
  pages = {1--8},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Republication of: quine:1978a1.},
  topic = {pragmatics;indexicality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ quine:1978b,
  author = {W.V. Quine},
  title = {Intensions Revisited},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {268--274},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {intensionality;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ quine:1980a,
  author = {Willard V.O. Quine},
  title = {From a Logical Point of View},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts.},
  year = {1980},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;philosophy-of-language;}  
} 

@article{ quine:1981a,
  author = {Willard V. Quine},
  title = {What Price Bivalence},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {78},
  number = {2},
  pages = {90--95},
  topic = {bivalence;}  
  } 

@incollection{ quinio-matsuyama:1991a,
  author = {Philippe Quinio and Takahashi Matsuyama},
  title = {Random Closed Sets: A Unified Approach to the
  	Representation of Imprecision and Uncertainty},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {282--286},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@book{ quinn:1994a,
  author = {Warren Quinn},
  title = {Morality and Action},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {ethics;action;}  
 } 

@book{ quirk:1966a,
  author = {Randolph Quirk},
  title = {Investigating Linguistic Acceptability},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1966},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-linguistics;linguistics-methodology;
  	linguistic-variation;}  
 } 

@book{ quirk:1972a,
  author = {Randolph Quirk},
  title = {A Grammar of Contemporary {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Seminar Press},
  year = {1972},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {English-language;descriptive-grammar;}  
 } 

@book{ quirk-etal:1972a,
  author = {Randolph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum and Geoffrey
		  Leech and Jan Svartvik},
  title = {A Grammar of Contemporary {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1972},
  address = {London},
  topic = {nonlinguistic-grammars;English-language;}  
} 

@book{ quirk:1985a,
  author = {Randolph Quirk},
  title = {A Comprehensive Grammar of the {E}nglish Language},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1985},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0582517346},
  topic = {English-language;descriptive-grammar;}  
 } 

@book{ quirk:1995a,
  author = {Randolph Quirk},
  title = {Grammatical and Lexical Variance in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1995},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0582253594},
  topic = {linguistic-variation;English-language;}  
 } 

@article{ qvarnstrom:1977a,
  author = {Bengt-Olof Qvarnstr\"om},
  title = {On the Concept of Formalization and Partially Ordered
  	Quantifiers},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {307--319},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;game-theoretic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ raab:1955a,
  author = {Francis V. Raab},
  title = {Free-Will and the Ambiguity of `Could'\, } ,
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1955},
  volume = {64},
  pages = {60--77},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {freedom;(in)determinism;ability;conditionals;
  	counterfactual-past;}  
  } 

@incollection{ raaijmakers:2000a,
  author = {Stephen Raaijmakers},
  title = {Learning Distributed Linguistic Classes},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {55--60},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;statistical-nlp;classifier-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ raatikainen:1998a,
  author = {Panu Raatikainen},
  title = {On Interpreting {C}haitin's Incompleteness Theorem},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {6},
  pages = {569--586},
  topic = {(in)completeness;complexity;}  
  } 

@article{ raatikainen:2000a,
  author = {Panu Raatikainen},
  title = {The Concept of Truth in a Finite Universe},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {6},
  pages = {617--633},
  topic = {truth;finite-models;truth-definitions;}  
  } 

@book{ rabiner-schafer_rw:1978a,
  author = {Lawrence R. Rabiner and Ronald W. Schafer},
   title = {Digital Processing of Speech Signals},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  topic = {speech-recognition;speech-generation;}  
 } 

@book{ rabiner-juang_bh:1993a,
  author = {Lawrence R. Rabiner and Biing-Hwang Juang},
  title = {Fundamentals of Speech Recognition},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0-13-015157-2},
  topic = {speech-recognition;}  
 } 

@article{ rabinov:1989a,
  author = {Arkady Rabinov},
  title = {A Generalization of Collapsible Cases of Circumscription},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {111--117},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;circumscription;}  
  } 

@article{ rabinowicz:2001a,
  author = {Wlodek Rabinowicz},
  title = {A Centipede for Intransitive Preferers},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {2},
  pages = {167--178},
  topic = {game-theory;preferences;foundations-of-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ rabinowicz_w2:1985a,
  author = {Wlodzimierz Rabinowicz},
  title = {Intuitionistic Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {191--228},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rabinowicz_w2:1988a,
  author = {Wlodzimierz Rabinowicz},
  title = {Ratifiability and Stability},
  booktitle = {Decision, Probability, Utility:  Selected Readings},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors and Nils-Eric Sahlin},
  pages = {406--425},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ rabinowicz_w2:1989a,
  author = {Wlodzimierz Rabinowicz},
  title = {Act-Utilitarian Prisoner's Dilemmas},
  journal = {Theoria},
  volume = {55},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {1--44},
  topic = {utilitarianism;prisoner's-dilemma;}  
    } 

@incollection{ rabinowicz_w2-segerberg:1994a,
  author = {Wlodek Rabinowicz and Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Actual truth, Possible Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {122--137},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rabinowicz_w2:1996a,
  author = {Wlodzimierz Rabinowicz},
  title = {Stable Revision, or Is Preservation Worth Preserving?},
  booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in
  	Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott},
  pages = {101--128},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ rada:1986a,
  author = {Roy Rada},
  title = {Review of {\it Artificial Intelligence}, by Elaine Rich},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {119--121},
  xref = {Review of rich_e:1983a.},
  topic = {AI-intro;}  
  } 

@article{ radev-mckeown:1998a,
  author = {Dragomir Radev and Kathleen R. Mckeown},
  title = {Generating Natural Language Summaries from Multiple 
  	On-Line Sources},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {469--500},
  topic = {nl-generation;text-summary;} 
  } 

@incollection{ radev:2000a,
  author = {Dragomir Radev},
  title = {A Common Theory of Information Fusion from
     		Multiple Text Sources},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  pages = {74--83},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {information-retrieval;multidocument-processing;}  
  } 

@book{ radford:1988a,
  author = {Andrew Radford},
  title = {Transformational Grammar: A First Course},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-syntax;GB-syntax;}  
 } 

@book{ radner-winokour:1970a,
  editor = {Michael Radner and Stephen Winokour},
  title = {Analyses of Theories and Methods of Physics and
  	Psychology: {M}innesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science,
  	Volume {IV}},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  year = {1970},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;philosophy-of-physics;
  	philosophy-of-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ radnitzky:1962a,
  author = {Gerald A. Radnitzky},
  title = {Performatives and Descriptions},
  journal = {Inquiry},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {12--41},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ radzinski:1990a,
  author = {Daniel Radzinski},
  title = {Unbounded Syntactic Copying in {M}andarin {C}hinese},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {113--127},
  topic = {long-distance-dependencies;Chinese-language;}  
  } 

@article{ raffman:1994a,
  author = {Diana Raffman},
  title = {Vagueness without Paradox},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--74},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ raffman:1996a,
  author = {D. Raffman},
  title = {Vagueness and Context-Relativity},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {81},
  pages = {175--192},
  topic = {vagueness;context;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ragan:1983a,
  author = {Sandra Ragan},
  title = {Alignment and Conversational Coherence},
  booktitle = {Conversational Coherence:  Form, Structure and Strategy},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey},
  pages = {157--171},
  address = {London},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;coord-in-conversation;
  	miscommunication;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ rahimi-karwowski:1992a,
  editor = {Mansour Rahimi and Waldemar Karwowski},
  title = {Human-Robot Interaction},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  year = {1992},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0850668093},
  topic = {robotics;HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ raiman:1991a,
  author = {Olivier Raiman},
  title = {Order of Magnitude Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {11--38},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
      Order of magnitude reasoning is pervasive.  It copes with
     incomplete quantitative information and reduces the burden of
     calculations.  This paper explores the foundations of this form
     of commonsense reasoning.
      Intuitively such reasoning is like using a coarse balance which
     weighs quantities with a variable level of precision.  The coarse
     equilibrium is captured by order of magnitude equations, and the
     precision levels are given by order of magnitude scales.
       The system, Estimates, introduced to solve such equations,
     captures some basic engineering skills.  Two tasks demonstrate
     the leverage it provides: the diagnosis of analog circuits and
     the estimation of the acidity of chemical solutions.},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;diagnosis;granularity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ raiman-dekleer:1992a,
  author = {Olivier Raiman and Johan de Kleer},
  title = {A Minimality Maintenance System},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {532--538},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;truth-maintenance;circumscription;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ raiman-etal:1993a,
  author = {Olivier Raiman and Johan de Kleer and Vijay Saraswat},
  title = {Critical Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {18--23},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {diagnosis;model-based-reasoning;abstraction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rajasekar-etal:1989a,
  author = {Arcot Rajasekar and Jorge Lobo and Jack Minker},
  title = {Skeptical Reasoning and Disjunctive Programs},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {349--356},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;logic-programming;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ ram-etal:1995a,
  author = {Ashwin Ram and Linda Wills and Eric Domeshek and Nancy Nersessian
  	and Janet Kolodner},
  title = {Understanding the Creative Mind: a Review of {M}argaret
  	{B}oden's {\it Creative Mind}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {79},
  number = {1},
  pages = {111--128},
  xref = {Review of boden:1990a.},
  topic = {creativity;}  
  } 

@article{ ram-santamaria:1997a,
  author = {Ashwin Ram and J.C. Santamar\'ia},
  title = {Continuous Case-Based Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {90},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {25--77},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Case-based reasoning systems have traditionally been used to
     perform high-level reasoning in problem domains that can be
     adequately described using discrete, symbolic representations.
     However, many real-world problem domains, such as autonomous
     robotic navigation, are better characterized using continuous
     representations.  Such problem domains also require continuous
     performance, such as on-line sensorimotor interaction with the
     environment, and continuous adaptation and learning during the
     performance task.  This article introduces a new method for
     continuous case-based reasoning, and discusses its application
     to the dynamic selection, modification, and acquisition of robot
     behaviors in an autonomous navigation system, SINS
     (self-improving navigation system).  The computer program and the
     underlying method are systematically evaluated through
     statistical analysis of results from several empirical studies.
     The article concludes with a general discussion of case-based
     reasoning issues addressed by this research. } ,
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;machine-learning;robot-navigation;}  
  } 

@book{ raman:1997a,
  author = {T.V. Raman},
  title = {Auditory User Interfaces: Toward the Speaking Computer},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792399846 (paper)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ramanujan:1996a,
  author = {R. Ramanujan},
  title = {Local Knowledge Assertions in a Changing World},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {1--14},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;belief-revision;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ rambow:1990a,
  author = {Owen Rambow},
  title = {Domain Communication Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language
  	Generation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {87--94},
  topic = {discourse-reasoning;discourse-planning;pragmatics;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ rambow-satta:1996a,
  author = {Owen Rambow and Giorgio Satta},
  title = {Synchronous Models of Language},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {116--123},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {transduction;nl-quantifier-scope;}  
 } 

@article{ rambow-etal:2001a,
  author = {Owen Rambow and K. Vijay-Shankar and David Weir},
  title = {D-Tree Substitution Grammars},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--121},
  topic = {TAG-grammar;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ramchaud:1993a,
  author =  {Gillian Carriona Ramchaud},
  title = {Verbal Nouns and Event Structure in {S}cottish {G}aelic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{III}},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner},
  pages = {162--181},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {events;nominalization;Gaelic-language;}  
  } 

@article{ ramoni-sebastiani:2001a,
  author = {Marco Ramoni and Paola Sebastiani},
  title = {Robust {B}ayes Classifiers},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {125},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {209-226},
  topic = {Bayesian-classification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ramos-lapalme:1995a,
  author = {Margarita Alonso Ramos and Agnes Tutin and Guy
    		Lapalme},
  title = {Lexical Functions of the {\it Explanatory
		Combinatorial Dictionary} for Lexicalization
		in Text Generation},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {351--366},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@book{ ramsay_a:1988a,
  author = {Allan Ramsay},
  title = {Formal Methods in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;theorem-proving;modal-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;
  	temporal-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ ramsey_fp:1925a1,
  author = {Frank P. Ramsey},
  title = {Universals},
  journal = {Mind, N.S.},
  year = {1925},
  volume = {34},
  number = {136},
  pages = {338--384},
  xref = {Reprinted in braithwaite:1931a; see ramsey:1925a2.},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;metaphysics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ramsey_fp:1925a2,
  author = {Frank P. Ramsey},
  title = {Universals},
  booktitle = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank
  	{P}. {R}amsey},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1931},
  editor = {R.B. Braithwaite},
  pages = {112--137},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Republication of: ramsey:1925a1.},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;metaphysics;}  
  } 

@article{ ramsey_fp:1925b1,
  author = {Frank P. Ramsey},
  title = {The Foundations of Mathematics},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {L}ondon {M}athematical {S}ociety, Series 2},
  year = {1925},
  volume = {25},
  number = {5},
  pages = {338--384},
  xref = {Reprinted in braithwaite:1931a; see ramsey:1925a2.},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;semantic-paradoxes;logic-classics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ramsey_fp:1925b2,
  author = {Frank P. Ramsey},
  title = {The Foundations of Mathematics},
  booktitle = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank
  	{P}. {R}amsey},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1931},
  editor = {R.B. Braithwaite},
  pages = {1--61},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Journal publication: ramsey:1925a1.},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;semantic-paradoxes;logic-classics;}  
  } 

@article{ ramsey_fp:1926a1,
  author = {Frank P. Ramsey},
  title = {Universals and the `Method of Analysis'\, } ,
  journal = {Aristotelian {S}ociety Supplementary Series},
  year = {1926},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {17--26},
  xref = {Reprinted in braithwaite:1931a; see ramsey:1925a2.},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;metaphysics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ramsey_fp:1926a2,
  author = {Frank P. Ramsey},
  title = {Note on the Preceding Paper},
  booktitle = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank
  	{P}. {R}amsey},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1931},
  editor = {R.B. Braithwaite},
  pages = {135--137},
  address = {London},
  xref = {The preceding paper is ramsey:1925a2.  This is a
		republication of part of ramsey:1926a2.},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;metaphysics;}  
  } 

@article{ ramsey_fp:1926b1,
  author = {Frank P. Ramsey},
  title = {Mathematical Logic},
  journal = {The Mathematical Gazette},
  year = {1926},
  volume = {13},
  number = {184},
  pages = {185--194},
  xref = {Reprinted in braithwaite:1931a; see ramsey:1925a2.},
  topic = {logic-classics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ramsey_fp:1926b2,
  author = {Frank P. Ramsey},
  title = {Mathematical Logic},
  booktitle = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank
  	{P}. {R}amsey},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1931},
  editor = {R.B. Braithwaite},
  pages = {62--81},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Republication of ramsey:1926a2.},
  topic = {logic-classics;}  
  } 

@article{ ramsey_fp:1927a1,
  author = {Frank P. Ramsey},
  title = {Facts and Propositions},
  Journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society Supplementary
  	Volume},
  year = {1927},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {153--170},
  xref = {Reprinted in braithwaite:1931a; see ramsey:1927a2.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;foundations-of-logic;
  	philosophical-ontology;facts;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ramsey_fp:1927a2,
  author = {Frank P. Ramsey},
  title = {Facts and Propositions},
  booktitle = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank
  	{P}. {R}amsey},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1931},
  editor = {R.B. Braithwaite},
  pages = {138--155},
  address = {London},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;foundations-of-logic;
  	philosophical-ontology;facts;}  
  } 

@article{ ramsey_fp:1928a1,
  author = {Frank P. Ramsey},
  title = {On a Problem of Formal Logic},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {L}ondon Mathematical Society, Series 2},
  year = {1928},
  volume = {30},
  number = {4},
  pages = {338--384},
  xref = {Republished in braithwaite:1931a; see ramsey:1928a2.},
  topic = {decidability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ramsey_fp:1928a2,
  author = {Frank P. Ramsey},
  title = {On a Problem of Formal Logic},
  booktitle = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank
  	{P}. {R}amsey},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1931},
  editor = {R.B. Braithwaite},
  pages = {82--111},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Republication of: ramsey:1928a1.},
  topic = {decidability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ramsey_fp:1931a,
  author = {Frank P. Ramsey},
  title = {Truth and Probability},
  booktitle = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank
  	{P}. {R}amsey},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1931},
  editor = {R.B. Braithwaite},
  pages = {156--198},
  address = {London},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;subjective-probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ramsey_fp:1931b,
  author = {Frank P. Ramsey},
  title = {Further Considerations},
  booktitle = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank
  	{P}. {R}amsey},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1931},
  editor = {R.B. Braithwaite},
  contentnote = {Further considerations on truth and probability.   TC:
		A. "Reasonable degree of belief"
		B. "Statistics"
		C. "Chance"
	},
  pages = {199--211},
  address = {London},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ramsey_fp:1931c,
  author = {Frank P. Ramsey},
  title = {General Propositions and Causality},
  booktitle = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank
  	{P}. {R}amsey},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1931},
  editor = {R.B. Braithwaite},
  pages = {237--255},
  address = {London},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ramshaw:1991a,
  author = {Lance A. Ramshaw},
  title = {A Three-Level Model for Plan Recognition},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Robert C. Berwick},
  pages = {39--46},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {plan-recognition;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ ramshaw-marcus:1995a,
  author = {Lance Ramshaw and Mitch Marcus},
  title = {Text Chunking Using Transformation-Based Learning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very
		Large Corpora},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {82--94},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;machine-learning;text-chunking;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ramshaw-marcus_m:1996a,
  author = {Lance A. Ramshaw and Mitchell P. Marcus},
  title = {Exploring the the Nature of Transformation-Based
  	Learning},
  booktitle = {The Balancing Act: Combining Symbolic and Statistical
  	Approaches to Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik},
  pages = {135--156},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@incollection{ randall-cohn:1992a,
  author = {David A. Randell and Anthony G. Cohn},
  title = {Exploiting Lattices in a Theory of Space and Time},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {459--476},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;temporal-reasoning;
  	spatial-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ randell:1989a,
  author = {David A. Randell and Anthony G. Cohn},
  title = {Modelling Topological and Metrical Properties in Physical
  	Processes},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {357--367},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;naive-physics;spatial-representation;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ randell-etal:1992a,
  author = {David A. Randell and Zhan Cui and Anthony Cohn},
  title = {A Spatial Logic Based on Regions and Connection},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {165--176},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;spatial-representation;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ randell-witkowski:2002a,
  author = {David Randell and Mark Witkowski},
  title = {Building Large Composition Tables Via Axiomatic Theories},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {26--35},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;compositional-tables;relational-reasoning;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ rankin_j:1998a,
  author = {Jim Rankin},
  title = {Identifying {J}apanese as a Second Language Learner
		Errors Using the {GLR*} Parser},
  year = {1998},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department,
		University of Pittsburgh},
  topic = {intelligent-computer-assisted-language-instruction;}  
  } 

@book{ rankin_kw:1961a,
  author = {K.W. Rankin},
  title = {Choice and Chance: A Libertarian Analysis},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1961},
  address = {Oxford},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {freedom;(in)determinism;}  
 } 

@article{ ransom:1977a,
  author = {Evelyn Ransom},
  title = {On the Representation of Modality},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {357--379},
  topic = {nl-mood;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@article{ ranta:1991a,
  author = {Aarne Ranta},
  title = {Intuitionistic Categorial Grammar},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {203--239},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@book{ ranta:1994a,
  author = {Aarne Ranta},
  title = {Type-Theoretical Grammar},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;higher-order-modal-logic;
  	temporal-logic;nl-semantic-types;}  
 } 

@article{ ranta:1998a,
  author = {Aarne Ranta},
  title = {Syntactic Calculus with Dependent Types},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {413--431},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;higher-oder-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ranta:1998b,
  author = {Aarne Ranta},
  title = {A Multilingual Natural Language Interface to Regular
  	Expressions},
  booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State
  	Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Lauri Karttunen},
  pages = {79--90},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;finite-state-nlp;nl-interfaces;}  
  } 

@article{ rantala:1975a,
  author = {Veikko Rantala},
  title = {Urn Models: A New Kind of Non-Standard Model for First-Order
  	Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {455--474},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ rantala:1975b,
  author = {Veikko Rantala},
  title = {The Old and the New Logic of Metascience},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rantala:1977a,
  author = {Veikko Rantala},
  title = {Prediction and Identifiability},
  booktitle = {Basic Problems in Methodology and Linguistics},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {Robert E. Butts and Jaakko Hintikka},
  pages = {91--102},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {(in)determinism;philosophy-of-science;
  	formalizations-of-physics;}  
  } 

@article{ rantala:1982a,
  author = {Veikko Rantala},
  title = {Impossible Worlds Semantics and Logical Omniscience},
  journal = {Acta Philosophical Fennica},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {18--24},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;resource-limited-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rantala:1994a,
  author = {Veikko Rantala},
  title = {Impossible Worlds Semantics and Logical Omniscience},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {106--115},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ rao_as-foo:1989a,
 author = {Anand S. Rao and Norman Y. Foo},
 title = {Formal Theories of Belief Revision},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
 year = {1989},
 editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and
 	Raymond Reiter},
 pages = {369--380},
 publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
 address = {San Mateo, California},
 topic = {belief-revision;}  
 } 

@incollection{ rao_as-georgeff:1991a,
  author = {Anand S. Rao and Michael P. Georgeff},
  title = {Modeling Rational Agents within a {BDI}-Architecture},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {473--484},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;foundations-of-planning;action-formalisms;
		agent-architectures;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ rao_as-georgeff:1991b,
  author = {Anand S. Rao and Michael Georgeff},
  title = {Asymmetry Thesis and Side-Effect Problems in
             Linear Time and Branching-Time Intention Logics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Barbara Grosz and John Mylopoulos},
  pages = {498--504},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {action-formalisms;intention;branching-time;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rao_as-georgeff:1992a,
  author = {Anand S. Rao and Michael Georgeff},
  title = {An Abstract Architecture for Rational Agents},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {439--449},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;action-formalisms;agent-architectures;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rao_as:1994a,
  author = {Anand S. Rao},
  title = {Means-End Recognition---Towards a Theory of Reactive
  	Recognition},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {497--509},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;plan-recognition;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ rao_rpn-ballard:1995a,
  author = {Rajesh P.N. Rao and Dana H. Ballard},
  title = {An Active Vision Architecture Based on Iconic
  	Representations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {78},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {461--505},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Active vision systems have the capability of continuously
     interacting with the environment.  The rapidly changing
     environment of such systems means that it is attractive to
     replace static representations with visual routines that compute
     information on demand.  Such routines place a premium on image
     data structures that are easily computed and used.
       The purpose of this paper is to propose a general active vision
     architecture based on efficiently computable iconic
     representations.  This architecture employs two primary visual
     routines, one for identifying the visual image near the fovea
     (object identification), and another for locating a stored
     prototype on the retina (object location).  This design allows
     complex visual behaviors to be obtained by composing these two
     routines with different parameters.
       The iconic representations are comprised of high-dimensional
     feature vectors obtained from the responses of an ensemble of
     Gaussian derivative spatial filters at a number of orientations
     and scales.  These representations are stored in two separate
     memories.  One memory is indexed by image coordinates while the
     other is indexed by object coordinates.  Object location matches
     a localized set of model features with image features at all
     possible retinal locations.  Object identification matches a
     foveal set of image features with all possible model features.
     We present experimental results for a near real-time
     implementation of these routines on a pipeline image processor
     and suggest relatively simple strategies for tackling the
     problems of occlusions and scale variations.  We also discuss two
     additional visual routines, one for top-down foveal targeting
     using log-polar sensors and another for looming detection, which
     are facilitated by the proposed architecture. } ,
  topic = {computer-vision;object-recognition;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rapaport_m-etal:1993a,
  author = {Malka Rappaport and Mary Laughren and Beth Levin},
  title = {Levels of Lexical Representation},
  booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky},
  pages = {37--54},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {Discusses structure of lex rep from a fairly neutral
  	standpoint wrt ling formalisms.  Concentrates on problem of which
	aspects of arg str are predictable.},
  topic = {argument-structure;lexicon;thematic-roles;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ rapaport_wj:2000a,
  author = {William J. Rapaport},
  title = {How to Pass a {T}uring Test: Syntactic Semantics,
  	Natural-Language Understanding, and First-Person Cognition},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {467--490},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ raphael_b:1971a,
  author = {B. Raphael},
  title = {The Frame Problem in Problem Solving Systems},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Heuristic Programming},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {N.V. Findler and Bernard Meltzer},
  pages = {159--169},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {frame-problem;}  
  } 

@article{ raphael_dd:1956a,
  author = {D.D. Raphael},
  title = {Linguistic Performatives and Descriptive Meaning},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1956},
  volume = {65},
  pages = {516--521},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rapoport_tr:1993a,
  author = {Tova R. Rapoport},
  title = {Verbs in Depictives and Resultatives},
  booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky},
  pages = {163--184},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;resultative-constructions;verb-classes;
  	verb-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rapoport_tr:1993b,
  author = {Tova R. Rapoport},
  title = {Stage and Adjunct Predicates: Licensing and Structure in
  	Secondary Predication Constructions},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {II}, Lexical and Conceptual
  	Structure},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Werner Abraham},
  pages = {157--182},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {predication;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rappaport:1983a,
  author = {Malka Rappaport},
  title = {On the Nature of Derived Nominals},
  booktitle = {Papers in Lexical-Functional Grammar},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Lori Levin and Malka Rappaport and Annie Zaenen},
  address = {Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {LFG;nominalization;}  
  } 

@article{ rappaport:1986a,
  author = {William J. Rappaport},
  title = {Logical Foundations for Belief Representation},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {371--422},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {intensionality;reference;philosophy-AI;SNePS;} 
  } 

@article{ rappaport_gc:1987a,
  author = {Gilbert C. Rappaport},
  title = {On Syntactic Binding into Adjuncts in the {R}ussian Noun
  	Phrase},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {475--501},
  topic = {nl-syntax;government-binding-theory;Russian-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rappaport_m-levin_b:1988a,
  author = {Malka Rappaport and Beth Levin},
  title = {What to Do with Theta-Roles},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 21: Thematic Relations},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Wendy Wilkins},
  pages = {7--36},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {thematic-roles;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rappaport_m-levin_b:1990a,
  author = {Malka Rappaport and Beth Levin},
  title = {{\em -er}-Nominals: Implications for the Theory
  	of Argument Structure},
  booktitle = {Syntax and the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {E. Wehrli and T. Stowell},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {argument-structure;derivational-morphology;}  
  } 

@article{ rappaport_tr:1999a,
  author = {Tova R. Rapoport},
  title = {Structure, Aspect and the Predicate},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {75},
  number = {4},
  pages = {653--677},
  topic = {predication;lexical-semantics;depictives;}  
  } 

@book{ rardin:1975a,
  author = {Robert Rardin},
  title = {Sentence-Raising and Sentence Shift},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1975},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {parentheticals;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ ras-zheng:1998a,
  author = {Zbigniew Ra\'s and Jiyun Zheng},
  title = {Knowledge Discovery Objects and Queries in
  	Distributed Knowledge Systems},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {259--269},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {deductive-databases;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ rasmussen_e:1989a,
  author = {Eric Rasmussen},
  title = {Games and Information: An Introduction to Game Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {game-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ rasmussen_sa:1986a,
  author = {Stig A. Rasmussen},
  title = {Vague Identity},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {95},
  pages = {81--91},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rathman-wiederhold:1991a,
  author = {Peter K. Rathman and Gio Wiederhold},
  title = {Circumscription and Authority},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {345--358},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {circumscription;databases;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ratnaparkhi:1996a,
  author = {Adwait Ratnaparkhi},
  title = {A Maximum Entropy Model for Part-of-Speech
			Tagging},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {133--142},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;corpus-statistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ratnaparkhi:1997a,
  author = {Adwait Ratnaparkhi},
  title = {A Linear Observed Time Statistical Parser
				Based on Maximal Entropy Models},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {1--10},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;parsing-algorithms;
		statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@article{ ratnaparkhi:2000a,
  author = {Adwait Ratnaparkhi},
  title = {Review of {\it Syntactic Wordclass Tagging}, edited by
  	{H}ans van {H}alteren},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {456--459},
  xref = {Review of: vanhalteren:1999a.},
  topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ rats:1996a,
  author = {M. Rats},
  title = {Context-Driven Natural Language Interpretation},
  school = {Tilburg University},
  year = {1996},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Tilburg},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;nl-generation;d-topic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ rats-etal:1997a,
  author = {M.M.M. Rats and R.J. van Vark and J.P.M. de Vreught},
  title = {Corpus-Based Information Presentation for a Spoken Public
  	Transport System},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {106--113},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ rautenberg:1983a,
  author = {Wolfgang Rautenberg},
  title = {Modal Tableau Calculi and Intepolation},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {403--423},
  xref = {Correction: rautenberg:1985a.},
  topic = {modal-logic;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ rautenberg:1985a,
  author = {W. Rautenberg},
  title = {Correction to `{M}odal Tableu Calculi', by W. Rautenberg},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {229},
  xref = {Correction to rautenberg:1983a.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rauzy:1991a,
  author = {Antoine Rauzy},
  title = {Extraction in Trivalent Propositional Logic},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {287--291},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {theorem-proving;many-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ravesz:1993a,
  author = {P.Z. Ravesz},
  title = {On the Semantics of Theory Change: Arbitration Between Old
  	and New Information},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual {ACM} 
  	{SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART} Symposium on Principles of Database Systems},
  year = {93},
  pages = {71--82},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher, address},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ ravizza:1993a,
  author = {Mark Ravizza},
  title = {Review of {\it The Non-Reality of Free Will}, by
  	{R}ichard {D}ouble},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {102},
  number = {3},
  pages = {413--415},
  xref = {Review of double:1991a.},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
  } 

@book{ rawlins:1996a,
  author = {Gregory J.E. Rawlins},
  title = {Moths to the Flame:  The Seductions of Computer Technology},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {computers-and-culture;}  
 } 

@book{ rawlins:1996b,
  author = {Gregory J.E. Rawlins},
  title = {Slaves of the Machine: The Quickening of Computer Technology},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {computers-and-culture;}  
 } 

@article{ rawls:1955a,
  author = {John Rawls},
  title = {Two Concepts of Rules},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1955},
  volume = {64},
  pages = {3--32},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {unclassified;}  
  } 

@article{ rawls:1958a,
  author = {John Rawls},
  title = {Justice as Fairness},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {164--194},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {distributive-justice;}  
  } 

@book{ rawls:1971a,
  author = {John Rawls},
  title = {A Theory of Justice},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1971},
  topic = {ethics;welfare-economics;rationality;}  
 } 

@article{ ray:1995a,
  author = {Gregory Ray},
  title = {Thinking in {L}},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {378--396},
  contentnote = {This is a criticism of Schiffer's account of 'POP
  	speaks LANG'.  Argues that S's acct of what it is to think in a
	language (a language of thought) is wrong.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;compositionality;mental-language;}  
  } 

@article{ ray:1996a,
  author = {Gregory Ray},
  title = {Logical Consequence: A Defense of {T}arski},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {6},
  pages = {617--677},
  contentnote = {A defense of Tarski against etchemendy:1990a.},
  topic = {logical-consequence;}  
  } 

@article{ ray:1996b,
  author = {Greg Ray},
  title = {Ontology-Free Modal Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {4},
  pages = {333--361},
  topic = {modal-logic;actualism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rayner:1989a,
  author = {Manny Rayner},
  title = {Did {N}ewton Solve the `Extended Prediction Problem'?},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {381--385},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;reasoning-about-physical-systems;
  	extended-predicition-problem;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ rayner:1991a,
  author = {Manny Rayner},
  title = {On the Applicability of Nonmonotonic Logic to Formal
  	Reasoning in Continuous Time},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {49},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {345--360},
  contentnote = {Argues that Shoham and Sandewall have not provided
  	adequate reasons for the need for NM logic in formalizing
	continuous systems.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;continuous-systems;
  	reasoning-about-continuous-time;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ rayner-carter:1996a,
  author = {Manny Rayner and David Carter},
  title = {Fast Parsing Using Pruning and Grammar Specialization},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {223--230},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {parsing-optimization;nmachine-learning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ rayner-etal:1997a,
  author = {Manny Rayner and David Carter and Ivan Bretan and Robert Eklund
    		and Mats Wir\'en and Steffen Leo Hanssen and Sabine
		Kirchmeier-Andersen and Christina Philip and Finn
		S{\o}rensen and Hanne Erdman Thomsen},
  title = {Recycling Lingware in a Multilingual {MT} System},
  booktitle = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making
  	{NLP} Work in Practice},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {65--70},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {software-engineering;machine-translation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ rayner-etal:2000a,
  author = {Manny Rayner and Beth Ann Hockey and Frankie James},
  title = {A Compact Architecture for Dialogue Management
		Based on Scripts and Meta-Outputs},
  booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Candace Sidner et al.},
  pages = {54--60},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@article{ rayo-yablo:2001a,
  author = {Agustin Rayo and Stephen Yablo},
  title = {Nominalism through De-Nominalization},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {35},
  number = {1},
  pages = {74--92},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;nominalization;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ raz:1975a,
  author = {Joseph Raz},
  title = {Practical Reason and Norms},
  publisher = {London: Hutchinson},
  year = {1975},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0091239818},
  topic = {practical-reason;ethics;}  
 } 

@book{ raz:1978a,
  editor = {Joseph Raz},
  title = {Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
        0. Joseph Raz, "Introduction", pp. 1--17
  	1. R. Edgeley, "Practical Reason", pp. 18--33
	2. G.E.M. Anscombe, "On Practical Reasoning", 33--45
	3. G.H. von Wright, "On So-Called Practical
		Inference", pp.	46--62
        4. A.J.P. Kenny, "Practical Reasoning and Rational
                Appetite", pp. 63--80
	5. John Searle, "Prima Facie Obligations", pp. 81--90
	6. B.A.O. Williams, "Ethical Consistency", 91--109
	7. Gilbert Harman, "Reasons", pp. 110--117
       10. Roderick Chisholm, "Practical Reason and the Logic
                 of Requirement", pp. 118--127
       11. Joseph Raz, "Reasons for Action, Decisions, and
                 Norms", pp. 128--143
       12. David Wiggins, "Deliberation and Practical
                 Reason", pp. 144--152
       13. Thomas Nagel, "Desires, Prudential Motives, and
                 the Present", pp. 153--152
       14. G.R. Grice, "Motive and Reason", pp. 168--177
       15. Phillipa R. Foot, "Reasons for Acting and
                 Desires", pp. 178--184
       16. David P. Gauthier, "Morality and Advantage", pp. 185--197
   } ,
  ISBN = {0198750412},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ raz:1978b,
  author = {Joseph Raz},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Joseph Raz},
  pages = {1--17},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ raz:1978c,
  author = {Joseph Raz},
  title = {Reasons for Action, Decisions, and Norms},
  booktitle = {Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Joseph Raz},
  pages = {128--143},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;reasons-for-action;}  
  } 

@article{ reach:1938a,
  author = {K. Reach},
  title = {The Name Relation and the Logical Antinomies},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1938},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {97--111},
  topic = {metalinguistic-hierarchies;semantic-paradoxes;} 
  } 

@book{ read:1994a,
  author = {Stephen Read},
  title = {Thinking about Logic},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {This is an introduction to philosophy of logic.
  	There are chapters on: Truth, Logical Consequence,
	Conditionals, Possible Worlds, Existence and Ontology,
	Semantic Paradoxes, Vagueness, and Constructivism.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ read:1994b,
  author = {Stephen Read},
  title = {Formal and Material Consequence},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {247--265},
  topic = {logical-consequence;}  
  } 

@article{ read:2000a,
  author = {Stephen Read},
  title = {Harmony and Autonomy in Classical Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {2},
  pages = {123--154},
  topic = {negation;logical-constants;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ reboul:1987a,
  author = {A. Reboul},
  title = {The Relevance of {\em Relevance} for Fiction},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {729},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {implicature;relevance;}  
  } 

@article{ recanati:1987a,
  author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati},
  title = {Literalness and Other Pragmatic Principles},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {729--730},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {relevance;implicature;}  
  } 

@book{ recanati:1988a,
  author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati},
  title = {Meaning and Force: The Pragmatics of
  	Performative Utterances},
  publisher = {Cambridge Universiy Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;}  
 } 

@incollection{ recanati:1991a,
  author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati},
  title = {The Pragmatics of What is Said},
  booktitle = {Pragmatics: A Reader},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Steven Davis},
  pages = {97--120},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ recanati:1994a,
  author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati},
  title = {Processing Models for Non-Literal Discourse},
  booktitle = {Philosophy and the Cognitive Sciences},
  publisher = {H\"older-Pichler-Tempsky},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {R. Casati et al.},
  pages = {156--166},
  address = {Vienna},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name, editors.},
  topic = {implicature;metaphor;psycholinguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ recanati:1994b,
  author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati},
  title = {Contextualism and Anti-Contextualism in the Philosophy
		of Language},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Speech Act Theory: Philosophical
		and Linguistic Perspectives},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Savas L. Tsohatzidas},
  pages = {156--166},
  address = {London},
  topic = {context;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ recanati:1995a,
  author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati},
  title = {The Alleged Priority of Literal Interpretation},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {207--232},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {pragmatics;metaphor;}  
  } 

@article{ recanati:1996b,
  author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati},
  title = {Domains of Discourse},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {19},
  number = {5},
  pages = {445--475},
  topic = {discourse;quantifiers;situation-semantics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ recanati:1997a,
  author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati},
  title = {Direct Reference: From Language to Thought},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: schiffer:1996a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-mind;reference;}  
 } 

@incollection{ recanati:1998a,
  author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati},
  title = {Contextual Domains},
  booktitle = {Discourse, Interaction, and Communication:
		An Introduction},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {X. Arrizola et al.},
  pages = {25--36},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name, editors.},
  topic = {context;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ recanati:2000a,
  author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati},
  title = {Oratio Obliqua, Oratio Recta},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262[68116-1},
  topic = {belief;intensionality;metareasoning;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ rector:1985a,
  author = {A.L. Rector},
  title = {What Kind of System Does an Expert Need?},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	University of Manchester.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {expert-systems;expertise;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ rector:1985b,
  author = {A.L. Rector},
  title = {The Knowledge Based Medical Record: Immediate-1, A Basis for
  	Clinical Decision Support in General Practice},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	University of Manchester.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {medical-informatics;}  
  } 

@article{ rector:1986a,
  author = {A.L. Rector},
  title = {Defaults, Exceptions and Ambiguity in a Medical Knowledge
  	Representation System},
  journal = {Medical Informatics},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {295--306},
  topic = {default-reasoning;inheritance;knowledge-representation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ rector:1988a,
  author = {A.L. Rector},
  title = {Knowledge Representation for Cooperative Medical Systems},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	University of Manchester.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {knowledge-representation;medical-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ redey:1999a,
  author = {C\'abor R\'edey},
  title = {{iCTRL}: Intensional Conformal Text Representation
		Language},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {109},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {33--70},
  topic = {nl-semantic-representation-formalisms;intensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ reece-shafer_sao:1995a,
  author = {Douglas A. Reece and Steve A. Shafer},
  title = {Control of Perceptual Attention in Robot Driving},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {78},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {397--430},
  topic = {visual-attention;robot-navigation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ reed-etal:1992a,
  author = {David W. Reed and Donald W. Loveland and Bruce T. Smith},
  title = {The Near-Horn Approach to Disjunctive Logic
  		Programming},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Extensions
  	     of Logic Programming},
  editor = {Lars-Henrik Eriksson and Lars Halln\"es and Peter
  	Schroeder-Heister},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  year = {1992},
  topic = {disjunctive-logic-programming;}  
  } 

@book{ reed_am:1982a,
  author = {Ann M. Reed},
  title = {Contextual Reference},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {indexicals;context;specificity;definiteness;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ reed_am:1988a,
  author = {Ann M. Reed},
  title = {Discourse Groups and Semantic Groups},
  booktitle = {ESCOL 88},
  editor = {J. Powers and K. de Jong},
  publisher = {Ohio State University},
  address = {Columbus},
  year = {1988},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ reed_la:1993a,
  author = {Lisa Reed},
  title = {An Aspectual Analysis of {F}rench Demonstrative `Ce'\, } ,
  booktitle = {Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the {B}erkeley Linguistics
  	Society},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {J. Guenter and B. Kaiser and C. Zoll},
  publisher = {Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  address = {Berkeley, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {tense-aspect;French-language;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ reed_la:1993b,
  author = {Lisa Reed},
  title = {Non-Truth-Conditional Aspects of Meaning and the
		Level of {LF}},
  school = {Linguistics Department, University of Ottawa},
  year = {1993},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Ottawa},
  topic = {nl-semantics;LF;implicature;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ reed_la:1996a,
  author = {Lisa A. Reed},
  title = {Necessary vs. Probable Cause: Resolving a {F}rench Paradox},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {causatives;causality;French-language;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ reed_la:1997a,
  author = {Lisa A. Reed},
  title = {Necessary Versus Probable Cause: Resolving a
  	{F}rench Paradox},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pennsylvania State University},
  topic = {causality;probability;causatives;French-language;}  
  } 

@article{ reed_la:1999a,
  author = {Lisa A. Reed},
  title = {Necessary Versus Probable Cause},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {3},
  pages = {289--326},
  topic = {causality;probability;}  
  } 

@article{ reeder:1995a,
  author = {Nick Reeder},
  title = {Are Physical Properties Dispositions?},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {62},
  number = {1},
  pages = {141--149},
  topic = {dispositions;}  
  } 

@article{ reeke:1996a,
  author = {George N. {Reeke, Jr.}},
  title = {Review of {\em The Computational Brain}, by
  	{P}atricia {S}. {C}hurchland and {T}errence {J}. {S}ejenowski},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {82},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {381--391},
  xref = {Review of churchland-sejnowski:1992a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;connectionism;}  
  } 

@article{ reese:1985a,
  author = {Donna Reese},
  title = {Review of {\it Artificial Intelligence, 2nd Ed.}, by
  	Patrick H.  Winston},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {127--128},
  xref = {Review of winston_ph:1984a.},
  topic = {AI-intro;AI-survey;}  
  } 

@article{ reeves_a:1977a,
  author = {Alan Reeves},
  title = {Logicians, Language, and {G}eorge {L}akoff},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {221--231},
  topic = {logic-and-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ reeves_b-nass:1996a,
  author = {Byron Reeves and Clifford Nass},
  title = {The Media Equation: How People Treat Computers, Television,
  	and New Media Like Real People and Places},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {157586052X},
  topic = {HCI;anthropomorphism-of-computers;}  
 } 

@article{ refanidis-vlahavas:2001a,
  author = {Ioannis Refanidis and Ioannis Vlahavas},
  title = {The {GRT} Planner},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {63--65},
  topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;}  
  } 

@book{ regan:1980a,
  author = {Donald Regan},
  title = {Utilitarianism and Co-operation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1980},
  xref = {Review: conee:1983a.},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
    } 

@article{ reggia-etal:1983a,
  author = {James A. Reggia and Dana S. Nau and Pearl Y. Wang},
  title = {Diagnostic Expert Systems Based on a Set Covering Model},
  journal = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {1839},
  pages = {437--460},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ reggia:1985a,
  author = {James A. Reggia},
  title = {Abductive Inference},
  booktitle = {Proceedings, Expert Systems in Government Symposium},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {484--489},
  organization = {{IEEE}},
  publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@book{ regier:1996a,
  author = {Terry Regier},
  title = {The Human Semantic Potential: Spatial Language and
  	Constrained Connectionism},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-18173-8},
  xref = {Review: stenning:2000a.},
  topic = {spatial-language;connectionist-models;}  
 } 

@book{ reichard_k-fosterjohnson:1998a,
  author = {Kevin Reichard and Eric Foster-Johnson},
  title = {Teach Yourself {UNIX}},
  edition = {4},
  publisher = {IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Foster City, California},
  ISBN = {155828588-1},
  topic = {operating-system-manual;UNIX;}  
 } 

@book{ reichenbach_h:1947a,
  author = {Hans Reichenbach},
  title = {Elements of Symbolic Logic},
  publisher = {MacMillan},
  year = {1947},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {logic-text;nl-tense;}  
 } 

@incollection{ reichgelt:1988a,
  author = {Han Reichgelt},
  title = {The Place of Defaults in a Reasoning System},
  booktitle = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Barbara Smith and Gerald Kelleher},
  pages = {35--57},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;foundations-of-nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ reichl:1982a,
  author = {Karl Reichl},
  title = {Categorial Grammar and Word-Formation: the De-Adjectival
  	Abstract Noun in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Niemeyer,},
  year = {1982},
  address = {T\"ubingen},
  ISBN = {3484421223},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;derivational-morphology;}  
 } 

@article{ reichman:1978a,
  author = {Rachel Reichman},
  title = {Conversational Coherency},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {283--327},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ reichman:1985a,
  author = {Rachel Reichman},
  title = {Getting Computers to Talk Like You and Me},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {computational-pragmatics;discourse;}  
 } 

@article{ reichmanadar:1984a,
  author = {Rachel {Reichman-Adar}},
  title = {Extended Person--Machine Interface},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {157--218},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;nl-interfaces;}  
  } 

@article{ reid-brady:1995a,
  author = {I.D. Reid and J.M. Brady},
  title = {Recognition of Object Classes from Range Data},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {78},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {289--326},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We develop techniques for recognizing instances of 3D object
     classes (which may consist of multiple and/or repeated sub-parts
     with internal degrees of freedom, linked by parameterized
     transformations), from sets of 3D feature observations.
     Recognition of a class instance is structured as a search of an
     interpretation tree in which geometric constraints on pairs of
     sensed features not only prune the tree, but are used to
     determine upper and lower bounds on the model parameter values
     of the instance.  A real-valued constraint propagation network
     unifies the representations of the model parameters, model
     constraints and feature constraints, and provides a simple and
     effective mechanism for accessing and updating parameter values.
       Recognition of objects with multiple internal degrees of
     freedom, including non-uniform scaling and stretching,
     articulations, and sub-part repetitions, is demonstrated and
     analysed for two different types of real range data: 3D edge
     fragments from a stereo vision system, and position/surface
     normal data derived from planar patches extracted from a range
     image. } ,
  topic = {shape-recognition;visual-reasoning;object-recognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ reif-etal:1998a,
  author = {W. Reif et al.},
  title = {Structured Specifications and Interactive
			Proofs with {KIV}},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ reif-schellhorn:1998a,
  author = {W. Reif and G. Schellhorn},
  title = {Theorem Proving in Large Theories},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {III}, Applications},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ reile:1996a,
  author = {Uwe Reile},
  title = {Co-Indexed Labeled {DRS}s to Represent and Reason
       		with Ambiguities},
  booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  pages = {239--268},
  topic = {ambiguity;semantic-underspecification;}  
  } 

@book{ reilly-sharky:1992a,
  editor = {Ronan G. Reilly and Noel E. Sharkey},
  title = {Connectionist Approaches to Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0-86377-179-3},
  topic = {connectionist-modeling;nl-processing;}  
 } 

@book{ reimann-spada:1996a,
  editor = {Peter Reimann and Hans Spada},
  title = {Learning in Humans and Machines: Towards an Interdisciplinary
              Learning Science},
  publisher = {Pergamon},
  year = {1996},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {learning;}  
 } 

@article{ reimer:1992a,
  author = {Marga Reimer},
  title = {Incomplete Descriptions},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {37},
  pages = {347--363},
  contentnote = {Argues that incomplete descriptions can't be
     handled by the Russellian theory.  She objects to
     the two standard ways of doing this:  the explicit
     approach---where the description is completed by
     ellided material; and the implicit approach---where
     the domain of quantification is contextually
     restricted.  The problem with the implicit approach
     is that usually many intensionally different, but
     extensionally correct completions will be available;
     there is no way to pick a single one.  The problem
     with the explicit approach, she argues, is that `The
     F is G' and `There is exactly one F and whatever is F
     is G' do not seem to express the same proposition in
     the same context.  (The first could be true, but the
     latter false in one and the same context; the idea
     being that an utterance of the expanded sentence
     tends to widens the domain.) --Delia Graff.},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;context;ellipsis;}  
  } 

@article{ reimer:1995a,
  author = {Marga Reimer},
  title = {Performative Utterances: A Reply to {B}ach and
  	{H}arnish},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {6},
  pages = {655--675},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ reimer:1997a,
  author = {Marga Reimer},
  title = {`{C}ompeting' Semantic Theories},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {31},
  number = {4},
  pages = {457--477},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ reimer:1998a,
  author = {Marga Reimer},
  title = {Quantification and Context},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--115},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;context;}  
  } 

@article{ reinefeld-ridinger:1994a,
  author = {Alexander Reinefeld and Peter Ridinger},
  title = {Time-Efficient State Space Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {71},
  number = {2},
  pages = {397--408},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We present two time-efficient state space algorithms for
     searching minimax trees.  Because they are based on SSS* and
     Dual*, both dominate Alpha-Beta on a node count basis.  Moreover,
     one of them is always faster in searching random trees, even
     when the leaf node evaluation time is negligible.  The fast
     execution time is attributed to the recursive nature of our
     algorithms and to their efficient data structure (a simple
     array) for storing the best-first node information.  In practical
     applications with more expensive leaf evaluations we conjecture
     that the recursive state space search algorithms perform even
     better and might eventually supersede the popular directional
     search methods.  } ,
  topic = {state-space-problem-solving;search;}  
  } 

@techreport{ reinfrank:1987a,
  author = {Michael Reinfrank},
  title = {Lecture Notes on Reason Maintenance Systems.  Part {I}:
  	Fundamentals.},
  institution = {Representation of Knowledge un Logic Laboratort,
  	Department of Computer and Information Science,
	Link\"oping University},
  number = {87--04},
  year = {1987},
  address = {S-581 83 Link\"oping, Sweden},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ reinfrank-dressler:1988a,
  author = {Michael Reinfank and Oskar Dressler},
  title = {On the Relation Between Truth Maintenance and
  	Autoepistemic Logic},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Siemens AG.},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ reinfrank-etal:1988a,
  editor = {Michael Reinfrank and Johan de Kleer and Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  title = {Non-Monotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1988},
  number = {346},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ reinfrank:1989a,
  editor = {Michael Reinfrank et al.},
  title = {Non-Monotonic Reasoning: 2nd International Workshop, Grassau,
    June, 1988},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387507019},
  topic = {non-monotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ reinhardt:1985a,
  author = {William L. Reinhardt},
  title = {The Consistency of a Variant of {C}hurch's Thesis with
  	an Axiomatic Theory of an Epistemic Notion},
  journal = {Revista Colombiana de Mathematicas},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Proceedings of the V Latin American Symposium on
  	Mathematical Logic, edited by Xavier Caicedo, N.C.A. da Costa,
	 and R. Chuaqui.},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {177--199},
  topic = {epistemic-arithmetic;Church's-thesis;} 
  } 

@article{ reinhardt_l:1967a,
  author = {L.R. Reinhardt},
  title = {Propositions and Speech Acts},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {76},
  pages = {166--183},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ reinhardt_w:1981a,
  author = {William N. Reinhardt},
  title = {The Concept of Mathematical Necessity},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Mathematics Department, University
  	of Colorado.},
  topic = {set-theory;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ reinhardt_w:1983a,
  author = {William N. Reinhardt},
  title = {Absolute Versions of Completeness Theorems},
  year = {1983},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Mathematics Department, University
  	of Colorado.},
  topic = {goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;}  
  } 

@article{ reinhardt_wn:1980a,
  author = {William N. Reinhardt},
  title = {Necessary Predicates and Operators},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {437--450},
  topic = {syntactic-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ reinhardt_wn:1980b,
  author = {William N. Reinhardt},
  title = {Satisfaction Definitions and Axioms of Infinity in
  	a Theory of Properties with Necessity Operator},
  booktitle = {Mathematical Logic in {L}atin {A}merica},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1980},
  editor = {A.I. Arruda and R. Chuaqui and N.C.A. da Costa},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Erratum: reinhart:1980c.},
  topic = {intensional-logic;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ reinhardt_wn:1980c,
  author = {William N. Reinhardt},
  title = {Satisfaction Definitions and Axioms of Infinity in
  	a Theory of Properties with Necessity Operator},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Mathematics Department, University
  	of Colorado.},
  xref = {Corrections to: reinhardt_w:1980b.},
  topic = {intensional-logic;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ reinhardt_wn:1981a,
  author = {William N. Reinhardt},
  title = {The Consistency of a Variant of {C}hurch's Thesis with an
  	Axiomatic Theory of an Epistemic Notation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {V} {L}atin {A}merican
  	{S}ymposium on {M}athematical {L}ogic},
  editor = {Xavier Caicedo},
  missinginfo = {publisher, address, pages, year},
  xref = {Correction: reinhardt_w:1982a.},
  topic = {Church's-thesis;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ reinhardt_wn:1982a,
  author = {William N. Reinhardt},
  title = {Correction to `The Consistency of a Variant of {C}hurch's
  	Thesis with an Axiomatic Theory of an Epistemic Notation'\,},
  year = {1982},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Mathematics Department, University
  	of Colorado.},
  xref = {Correction to: reinhardt_w:1981a.},
  topic = {Church's-thesis;}  
  } 

@article{ reinhardt_wn:1986a,
  author = {William N. Reinhardt},
  title = {Epistemic Theories and the Interpretation of {G}\"odel's
  	Incompleteness Theorem},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {15},
  number = {4},
  pages = {427--474},
  topic = {goedels-second-theorem;epistemic-logic;epistemic-arithmetic;}  
  } 

@article{ reinhardt_wn:1986b,
  author = {William N. Reinhardt},
  title = {Some Remarks on Extending and Interpreting Theories
  	with a Partial Predicate for Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {219--251},
  topic = {truth;partial-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ reinhart:1975a1,
  author = {Tanya Reinhart},
  title = {Pragmatics and Linguistics: An Analysis of Sentence
  	Topics},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1975},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  xref = {Journal publication: reinhart:1975a2.},
  topic = {s-topic;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ reinhart:1975a2,
  author = {Tanya Reinhart},
  title = {Pragmatics and Linguistics: An Analysis of Sentence Topics},
  journal = {Philosophica},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--93},
  xref = {IULC publication: reinhart:1975a1.},
  topic = {s-topic;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ reinhart:1976a,
  author = {Tanya Reinhart},
  title = {The Syntactic Domain of Anaphora},
  school = {Linguistics Department, Massachusetts Institute of
  	Technology},
  year = {1976},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;anaphora;}  
 } 

@incollection{ reinhart:1978a,
  author = {Tanya Reinhart},
  title = {Syntactic Domains for Semantic Rules},
  booktitle = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt},
  pages = {107--130},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-syntax;syntax-semantics-interface;}  
  } 

@book{ reinhart:1983a,
  author = {Tanya Reinhart},
  title = {Anaphora and Semantic Interpretation},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;anaphora;}  
 } 

@article{ reinhart:1983b,
  author = {Tanya Reinhart},
  title = {Coreference and Bound Anaphora:  A Restatement of
  	the Anaphora Questions},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--88},
  contentnote = {This is an excellent survey.},
  topic = {anaphora;}  
  } 

@incollection{ reinhart:1986a,
  author = {Tanya Reinhart},
  title = {On the Interpetation of `Donkey' Sentences},
  booktitle = {On Conditionals},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly
  	and Charles Ferguson},
  pages = {103--122},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {donkey-anaphora;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ reinhart:1997a,
  author = {Tanya Reinhart},
  title = {Quantifier Scope: How Labor is Divided Between {QR} and
  	Choice Functions},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {335--397},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifier-scope;}  
  } 

@article{ reinhart:1997b,
  author = {Tanya Reinhart},
  title = {{\it Wh}-in-situ in the Framework of the Minimalist
		Program},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--56},
  topic = {syntactic-minimalism;nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@incollection{ reinhart_t:1987a,
  author = {Tanya Reinhart},
  title = {Specifier and Operator Binding},
  booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {130--167},
  topic = {nl-semantics;(in)definiteness;}  
  } 

@article{ reinhart_t-reuland:1993a,
  author = {Tanya Reinhart and Eric Reuland},
  title = {Reflexivity},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {657--720},
  topic = {reflexive-constructions;}  
} 

@misc{ reiter_e:1989a,
  author = {Ehud Reiter},
  title = {The {P}enman User Guide, {P}enman {N}atural {L}anguage
  	{G}eneration {G}roup},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Available from USC/Information Sciences Institute, 4676 Admiralty
  	Way, Marina del Rey, California 90292-6695.},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
} 

@article{ reiter_e:1991a,
  author = {Ehud Reiter},
  title = {A New Model of Lexical Choice for Nouns},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {240--251},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-generation;lexical-selection;}  
  } 

@techreport{ reiter_e-etal:1991a,
  author = {Ehud Reiter and John Levine and Chris Mellish},
  title = {Tailoring Plans to Users With Different Levels of Expertise},
  institution = {University of Edinburgh, Department of Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  number = {DAI 548},
  topic = {discourse-planning;user-modeling;nl-generation;pragmatics;}  
} 

@article{ reiter_e:1992a,
  author = {Ehud Reiter},
  title = {A New Model of Lexical Choice for Nouns},
  year = {1992},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence: Special Issue on Natural
  	Language Generation},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  topic = {nl-generation;lexical-choice;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ reiter_e:1994a,
  author = {Ehud Reiter},
  title = {Has a Consensus {NL} Generation  Architecture
  	Appeared, and is it Psycholinguistically Plausible?},
  booktitle = {Seventh International Workshop on Natural Language
  	Generation},
  address = {Kennebunkport, Maine},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {163--170},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
} 

@incollection{ reiter_e-osman:1997a,
  author = {Ehud Reiter and Liesl Osman},
  title = {Tailored Patient Information:
     		Some Issues and Questions},
  booktitle = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making
  	{NLP} Work in Practice},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {35--42},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;medical-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ reiter_e:2000a,
  author = {Ehud Reiter},
  title = {Pipelines and Size Constraints},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {251--259},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
  } 

@book{ reiter_e-dale_r:2000a,
  author = {Ehud Reiter},
  title = {Building Natural Language Generation Systems},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0-521-62036-8},
  xref = {Review: horacek:2001a.},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ reiter_r:1978a1,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {On Closed World Data Bases},
  booktitle = {Logic and Data Bases},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {H. Gallaire and Jack Minker},
  pages = {55--76},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Republication: reiter_r:1978a2, reiter_r:1978a3.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;closed-world-reasoning;databases;}  
  } 

@incollection{ reiter_r:1978a2,
  author = {Ray Reiter},
  title = {On Closed World Data Bases},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {119--140},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: reiter_r:1978a1.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;closed-world-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ reiter_r:1978a3,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {On Closed World Data Bases},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {300--310},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: reiter_r:1978a1.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;closed-world-reasoning;databases;}  
  } 

@article{ reiter_r:1980a1,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {A Logic for Default Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {81--132},
  xref = {Republication: reiter_r:1980a2.},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ reiter_r:1980a2,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {A Logic for Default Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {68--93},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication of: reiter_r:1980a1.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ reiter_r:1980b,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {Equality and Domain Closure in First-Order Databases},
  journal = {Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {235--249},
  topic = {deductive-databases;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ reiter_r-criscuolo:1981a1,
  author = {Raymond Reiter and Giovanni Criscuolo},
  title = {On Interacting Defaults},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Patrick J. Hayes},
  pages = {270--276},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  xref = {Republication: reiter_r-criscuolo:1981a2.},
  topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ reiter_r-criscuolo:1981a2,
  author = {Raymond Reiter and Giovanni Criscuolo},
  title = {On Interacting Defaults},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {94--100},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication of: reiter_r-criscuolo:1981a1.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ reiter_r:1983a1,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {On Reasoning by Default},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of TINLAP 2, Theoretical Issues in
              Natural Language Processing 2},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {210--218},
  xref = {Republished in Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque;
  	Readings in Knowledge Representation.  See
	etherington-reiter_r:1983a2.},
  topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ reiter_r:1983a2,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {On Reasoning by Default},
  booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  pages = {401--410},
  xref = {Originally published in TINLAP 83.  See reiter_r:1983a1.},
  topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;kr-course;}  
  } 

@techreport{ reiter_r:1983b,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {A Sound and Sometimes Complete Query Evaluation Algorithm
		for Relational Databases with Null Values},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of
		British Columbia},
  number = {83--11},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Vancouver},
  topic = {databases;}  
  } 

@article{ reiter_r-criscuolo:1983a,
  author = {Raymond Reiter and Giovanni Criscuolo},
  title = {Some Representational Issues in Default Reasoning},
  journal = {Computers and Mathematics with Applications},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {15--27},
  topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ reiter_r:1984a,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {Towards a Logical Reconstruction of Relational Database
  	Theory},
  booktitle = {On Conceptual Modelling:  Perspectives from Artificial
  	Intelligence, Databases and Programming Languages},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Michael L. Brodie and John Mylopoulos and Joachim W. Schmidt},
  pages = {191--233},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {databases;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ reiter_r:1987a,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {Must Logicists Become Programmers?},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {206--207},
  xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ reiter_r:1987b1,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {A Theory of Diagnosis from First Principles},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {32},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--95},
  xref = {Republication: reiter_r:1987b2. Commentary: greiner-etal:1989a.},
  topic = {diagnosis;abduction;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ reiter_r:1987b2,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {A Theory of Diagnosis from First
         Principles},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {352--371},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: reiter_r:1987b1. Commentary:
  	greiner-etal:1989a.},
  topic = {diagnosis;abduction;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ reiter_r-dekleer:1987a,
  author = {Raymond Reiter and Johan de Kleer},
  title = {Foundations of Assumption-based Truth Maintenance Systems:
  	Preliminary Report},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Kenneth Forbus and Howard Shrobe},
  pages = {183--188},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@incollection{ reiter_r:1988a,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Howard E. Shrobe},
  pages = {439--482},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning-survey;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ reiter_r:1988b,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {On Integrity Constraints},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {97--111},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {knowledge-representation;belief-revision;database-update;}  
  } 

@article{ reiter_r-mackworth:1989a,
  author = {Raymond Reiter and Alan K. Mackworth},
  title = {A Logical Framework for Depiction and Image
  	Interpretation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {41},
  number = {2},
  pages = {125--155},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We propose a logical framework for depiction and interpretation
     that formalizes image domain knowledge, scene domain knowledge
     and the depiction mapping between the image and scene domains.
     This framework requires three sets of axioms: image axioms,
     scene axioms and depiction axioms. Aninterpretation of an image
     is defined to be a logical model of these axioms.The approach is
     illustrated by a case study, a reconstruction in
     first-orderlogic of a simplified map-understanding program,
     Mapsee.  The reconstruction starts with a description of the map
     and a specification of general knowledge of maps, geographic
     objects and their depiction relationships. For the simple map
     world we show how the task level specification may be refined to
     a provably correct implementation by applying
     model-preserving transformations to the initial logical
     representation to produce a set of propositional formulas. The
     implementation may use known constraint satisfaction techniques
     to find the set of models of these propositional formulas.  In
     addition, we sketch preliminary logical treatments for
     imagequeries, contingent scene knowledge, ambiguity in image
     description, occlusion, complex objects, preferred
     interpretations and image synthesis.  This approach provides a
     formal framework for analyzing and going beyond existing systems
     such as Mapsee, and for understanding the use of
     constraintsatisfaction techniques. It can be used as a
     foundation for the specification, design and implementation of
     vision and graphics systems that are correct with respect to the
     task and algorithm levels.
   } ,
  topic = {image-depiction;image-retrieval;logic-in-AI;computer-graphics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ reiter_r:1991a,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {The Frame Problem in the Situation Calculus: a Simple Solution
  	(Sometimes) and a Completeness Result for Goal Regression},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and the Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {418--420},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {kr;frame-problem;situation-calculus;action-formalism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ reiter_r:1992a,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {Twelve Years of Nonmonotonic Reasoning Research:  Where
  	(and What) Is the Beef?},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {789},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ reiter_r:1993a,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {Proving Properties of States in the Situation Calculus},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {64},
  number = {2},
  pages = {337--351},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In the situation calculus, it is sometimes necessary to prove
     that certain properties are true in all world states accessible
     from the initial state.  This is the case for some forms of
     reasoning about the physical world, for certain planning
     applications, and for verifying integrity constraints in
     databases.  Not surprisingly, this requires a suitable form of
     mathematical induction. This paper motivates the need for
     proving properties of states in the situation calculus, proposes
     appropriate induction principles for this task, and gives
     examples of their use in databases and for reasoning about the
     physical world.},
  topic = {situation-calculus;temporal-reasoning;plan-verification;
  	frame-problem;}  
  } 

@article{ reiter_r:1995a,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {On Specifying Database Updates},
  journal = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {53--91},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {database-update;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ reiter_r:1996a,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {Time in the Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {Working Papers: Common Sense '96},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Tom Costello},
  pages = {176--185},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University},
  address = {Stanford University},
  note = {Consult http://www-formal.Stanford.edu/tjc/96FCS.},
  contentnote = {Sandewall influence.  Develops generalization
    of Sit Calc to the case of several agents, one of which is
    nature.  It is deterministic in effects of actions, also det as
    to when natural actions can occur.  Allows for continuous time.},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;concurrent-actions;kr-course;
  	reasoning-about-continuous-time;continuous-change;}  
  } 

@incollection{ reiter_r:1996b,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {Natural Actions, Concurrency and Continuous Time in the Situation
     Calculus},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {2--13},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;concurrent-actions;kr-course;
  	reasoning-about-continuous-time;continuous-change;}  
  } 

@incollection{ reiter_r:1998a,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {Sequential, Temporal {GOLOG}},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {547--556},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;cognitive-robotics;action-formalisms;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ reiter_r:1999a,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {The Cognitive Robotics Project at the
      		University of {T}oronto},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {cognitive-robotics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ reiter_r:1999b,
  author = {Raymond Reiter},
  title = {A Coffee Delivery {G}olog Program},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {cognitive-robotics;Golog;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ reiter_r:2000a,
  author = {Ray Reiter},
  title = {Narratives as Programs},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {99--108},
  topic = {action-narratives;GoLog;}  
  } 

@incollection{ renault:1994a,
  author = {Sophie Renault},
  title = {Generalizing Extended Execution for Normal
    		Programs},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {154--169},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ rencanti:1986a,
  author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati},
  title = {On Defining Communicative Intentions},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {213--242},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;implicature;}  
  } 

@article{ rendell:1983a,
  author = {Larry Rendell},
  title = {A New Basis for State-Space Learning Systems and a
  	Successful Implementation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {369--392},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A new basis for state-space learning systems is described which
     centers on a performance measure localized in feature space.
     Although a parameterized linear evaluation function is its end
     product the iterative implementation examined has elements both
     of adaptive control (parameter optimization) and of pattern
     recognition (pattern formation and feature selection).  The
     system has repeatedly generated an evaluation function which
     solves all of a random set of fifteen puzzle instances.  Despite
     the absence of any objective function the parameter vector is
     locally optimal, a result not previously attained in any way.  } ,
  topic = {machine-learning;pattern-matching;}  
  } 

@book{ renkema:1993a,
  author = {Jan Renkema},
  title = {Discourse Studies: an Introductory Textbook},
  publisher = {J. Benjamins},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  contentnote = {This is a textbook.  17 chapters,
  	in 4 parts: 1) General Orientation, Basic Phenomena, 3)
	Specific Types, 4) Production and Perception.  Mainly from
	a sociolinguistic perspective.  It is worth studying.},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
} 

@article{ renooij-etal:2002a,
  author = {Silja Renooij and Linda C. and van der Gaag and Simon Parsons},
  title = {Context-Specific Sign-Propagation in Qualitative
  	Probabilistic Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {140},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {207--230},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;graph-based-representations;
  	nonmonotonic-reasoning;} 
  } 

@article{ rentzepopoulos-kokkinakis:1996a,
  author = {Panagiotis A. Rentzepopoulos and George K. Kokkinakis},
  title = {Efficient Multilingual Phoneme-to-Grapheme Conversion
  	Based on {HMM}},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {351--376},
  topic = {hidden-Markov-models;speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ reny:1988a,
  author = {Philip J. Reny},
  title = {Extensive Games and Common Knowledge (Abstract)},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {395},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {game-theory;mutual-belief;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ reny:1988b,
  author = {Philip J. Reny},
  title = {Common Knowledge and Games With Perfect Information},
  booktitle = {{PSA} 1988: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 2},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Arthur Fine and Janet Leplin},
  pages = {363--369},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  address = {East Lansing, Michigan},
  topic = {game-theory;mutual-beliefs;}  
  } 

@article{ renyi:1955a,
  author = {Alfred R\'enyi},
  title = {On a New Axiomatic Theory of Probability},
  journal = {Acta Mathematicaa Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae},
  year = {1955},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {285--335},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;}  
  } 

@book{ renyi:1970a,
  author = {Alfred R\'enyi},
  title = {Foundations of Probability},
  publisher = {Holden Day},
  year = {1970},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
 } 

@incollection{ renz:1998a,
  author = {Jochen Renz},
  title = {A Canonical Model of the Region Connection Calculus},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {330--341},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;spatial-reasoning;kr-course;region-connection-calculus;}  
  } 

@article{ renz-nebel:1999a,
  author = {Jochen Renz and Bernhard Nebel},
  title = {On the Complexity of Qualitative Spatial Reasoning:
  	A Maximal Tractable Fragment of the Region Connection
	Calculus},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {108},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {69--123},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;tractable-logics;complexity-in-AI;
  	region-connection-calculus;}  
  } 

@article{ rescher:1967a,
  author = {Nicholas Rescher},
  title = {On the Logic of Presupposition},
  journal = {Philosophy and Phenomenological Research},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {521--527},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ rescher:1969a,
  editor = {Nicholas Rescher},
  title = {Essays in Honor of {C}arl {G}. {H}empel.
  	A Tribute On the Occasion of His Sixty-Fifth Birthday},
  publisher = {Dordrecht, D. Reidel [},
  year = {1969},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0137820941},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. P. Oppenheim, "Reminiscences of Peter"
     2. W. V. Quine, "Natural kinds"
     3. J. Hintikka, "Inductive independence and the paradoxes of
     		confirmation"
     4. W. C. Salmon, "Partial entailment as a basis for inductive
     		logic"
     5. W. Sellars, "Are there non-deductive logics?"
     6. R. C. Jeffre, "Statistical explanation vs. statistical
     		inference"
     7. R. Nozick, "Newcomb's problem and two principles of choice"
     8. A. Gr=FCnbaum, "The meaning of time"
     9. N. Rescher, "Lawfulness as mind-dependent"
    10. J. Kim, "Events and their descriptions: some considerations"
    11. D. Davidson, "The individuation of events"
    12. H. Putnam, "On properties"
    13. F. B. Fitch, "A method for avoiding the Curry paradox"
  } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@article{ rescher-vandernat:1973a,
  author = {Nicholas Rescher and Arnold Vander Nat},
  title = {On Alternatives in Epistemic Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {119--135},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ rescher:1975a,
  author = {Nicholas Rescher},
  title = {A Theory of Possibility},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-possible-worlds;}  
 } 

@book{ rescher-brandom:1980a,
  author = {Nicholas Rescher and Robert Brandom},
  title = {The Logic of Inconsistency},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {paraconsistency;}  
 } 

@incollection{ resnick:1991a,
  author = {Lauren B. Resnick},
  title = {Shared Cognition: Thinking as Social Practice},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {1--20},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}  
  } 

@book{ resnick-etal:1991a,
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  title = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Lauren B. Resnick, "Shared Cognition: Thinking as Social
     		Practice", pp. 1--20
     2. Michael Siegal, "A Clash of Conversational Worlds:
     		Interpreting Cognitive Development through
		Communication", pp. 23--40
     3. Anne-Nelly Perret-Clermont, Jean-Fran{\c}ois Perret, and Nancy
     		Bell, "The Social Construction of Meaning and Cognitive
		Activity in Elementary School Children", pp. 41--62
     4. Jean Lave, "Situating Learning in Communities of
     		Practice", pp. 63--82
     5. James V. Wertsch, "A Sociocultural Approach to Socially
     		Shared Cognition", pp. 85--100
     6. Shirley Brice Heath, "\,`It's About Winning!' The language
     		of Knowledge in Baseball", pp. 101--124
     7. Herbert H. Clark and Susan E. Brennan, "Grounding in
     		Communication", pp. 127--149
     8. Emanuel A. Schegloff, "Conversation Analysis and Socially
     		Shared Cognition", pp. 150--171
     9. Robert M. Krauss and Susan R. Fussell, "Constructing Shared
     		Communicative Environments", pp. 172--200
    10. James S. Boster, "The Information Economy Model Applied to
     		Biological Similarity Judgment", pp. 203--225
    11. Rochel Gelman, Christine M.  Massey, and Mary
    		McManus, "Characterizing Supporting Environments for
		Cognitive Development: Lessons from Children in a
		Museum", pp. 226--256
    11. John M. Levine and Richard L. Moreland, "Culture and
    		Socialization in Work Groups", pp. 257--279
    12. Edwin Hutchins, "The Social Organization of Distributed
    		Cognition", pp. 283--207
    13. Reid Hastie and Nancy Pennington, "Cognitive and Social
    		Processes in Decision Making", pp. 308--327
    14. Giyoo Hatano and Kayoko Inagaki, "Sharing Cognition through
    		Collective Comprehension Activity", pp. 331--348
    15. Barbara Rogoff, "Social Interaction as Apprenticeship in
    		Thinking: Guided Participation in Spatial
		Planning", pp. 349--383
    16. Celia A. Brownell and Michael Sean Carriger, "Collaborations
    		among Toddler Peers: Individual Contributions to
		Social Contexts", pp. 384--397
    17. William Damon, "Problems of Direction in Socially Shared
    		Cognition", pp. 398--417
  } ,
  ISBN = {1557981213},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}  
 } 

@techreport{ resnik_la-etal:1993a,
  author = {Lori A. Resnik and Alex Borgida and Ronald J. Brachman and Deborah
  		L. McGuinness and Peter F. Patel-Schneider and Kevin C.
		Zalondek},
  title = {{\sc classic} Description and Reference Manual for the Common Lisp
 		Implementation Version 2.2.},
  institution = {AT\&T Laboratories},
  year = {1993},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;classic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@techreport{ resnik_la-etal:1995a,
  author = {Lori A. Resnik and Alex Borgida and Ronald J. Brachman
		and Deborah L. McGuinness and Peter F. Patel-Schneider},
  title = {{CLASSIC} Description and Reference Manuel for the {COMMON LISP} 
		Implementation: Version 2.3},
  institution = {AT\&T Bell Laboratories},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Florham Park, New Jersey},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;classic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ resnik_m:1996a,
  author = {Michael Resnik},
  title = {Ought There to be One Logic?},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {489--517},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ resnik_m:1997a,
  author = {Michael Resnik},
  title = {Mathematics as a Science of Patterns},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: tappenden:2001a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ resnik_p:1995a,
  author = {Philip Resnik},
  title = {Using Information to Evaluate Semantic Similarity in a Taxonomy},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {448--452},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {kr;taxonomies;automatic-classification;kr-course;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ resnik_p:1995b,
  author = {Philip Resnik},
  title = {Disambiguating Noun Groupings with Respect to
	{W}ordnet Senses},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very
		Large Corpora},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {54--68},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;disambiguation;Wordnet;
		lexical-disambiguation;}  
  } 

@article{ resnik_p:2001a,
  author = {Philip Resnik},
  title = {Review of {\it Parallel Text Processing: Alignment and
  	Use of Translation Corpora}, edited by {J}ean {V}\'eronis},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {4},
  pages = {592--597},
  xref = {Review of: veronis:2000.},
  topic = {text-alignment;corpus-linguistics;machine-translation;}  
  } 

@article{ restall:1993a,
  author = {Greg Restall},
  title = {Simplified Semantics for Relevant Logics (and Some of
  	Their Rivals)},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {5},
  pages = {481--511},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ restall:1995a,
  author = {Greg Restall},
  title = {Four-Valued Semantics for Relevant Logics (and Some of
		Their Rivals)},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {139--160},
  topic = {relevance-logic;many-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ restall:1996a,
  author = {Greg Restall},
  title = {{\L}ukasiewicz, Supervaluations, and the Future},
  institution = {Automated Reasoning Project, Australian National
  	University},
  number = {TR--ARP--21--96},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Canberra, Australia},
  topic = {branching-time;}  
  } 

@article{ restall:1997a,
  author = {Greg Restall},
  title = {Combining Possibilities and Negations},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1},
  pages = {121--141},
  topic = {modal-logic;negation;combining-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ restall:1997b,
  author = {Greg Restall},
  title = {Displaying and Deciding Substructural Logics {I}:
  	Logics with Contraposition},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {179--216},
  topic = {substructural-logics;decidability;}  
  } 

@book{ restall:1999a,
  author = {Greg Restall},
  title = {An Introduction to Substructural Logics},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1999},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0 415 21533 1 (Hb), 0 415 21534 X(Pb)},
  topic = {substructural-logics;}  
 } 

@article{ restall:1999b,
  author = {Greg Restall},
  title = {Review of {\it Applied Logic}, by {K}aj {B}\"orge {H}ansen},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {426--429},
  xref = {Review of: hansen_kb:1996a.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ restall:2000a,
  author = {Greg Restall},
  title = {An Introduction to Substructural Logics},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {2000},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Review: dosen:2001a.},
  topic = {substructural-logics;linear-logic;proof-theory;} 
 } 

@article{ restall:2002a,
  author = {Greg Restall},
  title = {Carnap's Tolerance, Meaning, and Logical Pluralism},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {99},
  number = {8},
  pages = {426--443},
  topic = {phhilosophy-of-logic;logical-consequence;Carnap;} 
  } 

@book{ retore:1997a,
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  title = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  contentnote = {TC:
	1. Patrick Blackburn and Marc Dymetman and Alain Lecomte and
           Aarne Ranta and Christian Retor\'e and Eric Villemonte
	   de la Clergerie, "Logical Aspects of Computational
	   Linguistics: an Introduction"
	2. Aravind K. Joshi and Seth Kulick, "Partial Proof Trees,
	   Resource Sensitive Logics, and Constraints"
	3. Marcus Kracht, "Inessential Features"
	4. Dale Miller, "Linear Logic as Logic Programming:
		an Abstract"
	5. Edward Stabler, "Derivational Minimalism"
	6. V. Michele Abrusci and Christophe Fouquer\'e
	   and Jacqueline Vauzeilles, "Tree Adjoining Grammars
	   in Non-Commutative Linear Logic"
	7. Denis Bechet and Philippe de Groote, "Constructing
	   Different Phonological Bracketings from a Proof Net"
	8. Pascal Boldini, "Vagueness and Type Theory"
	9. Yann Coscoy, "A Natural Language Explanation for
		Formal Proofs"
       11. Martin Emms, "Models for Polymorphic {L}ambek Calculus"
       12. Claire Gardent, "Sloppy Identity"
       13. Stephen J. Hegner, "A Family of Decidable Feature Logics
           which Support {HPSG}-Style Set and List Construction"
       14. Ruth Kempson and Wilfried Meyer Viol and Dov Gabbay,
           "Language Understanding: A Procedural Perspective"
       15. Paul John King and Kiril Ivanov Simov, "The Automatic
           Deduction of Classificatory Systems from Linguistic Theories"
       16. Lucia H. B. Manara and Anne de Roeck,
           "A Belief-Centered Treatment of Pragmatic Presupposition"
       17. Jacek Marciniec, "Connected Sets of Types and
           Categorial Consequence"
       18. Josep M. Merenciano and Glyn V. Morrill,
           "Generation as Deduction on Labelled Proof Nets"
       19. Jens Michaelis and Marcus Kracht,
           "Semilinearity as a Syntactic Invariant"
       20. Stefan Riezler, "Quantitative Constraint Logic
		Programming for Weighted Grammar Applications"
       21. James Rogers, "Strict {LT2}:REGULAR :: Local:Recognizable"
       22. Irene Schena, "Pomset Logic and Variants in Natural Languages"
       23. Koch and Martin Volk, "Constraint Logic Programming for
		Computational Linguistics"
       24. Marek Szczerba, "Representation Theorems for Residuated
		 Groupoids"
    } ,
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ retore:1998a,
  author = {Christian Retor\'e},
  title = {Introduction (to Special Issue on Recent Advances in
		Logical and Algebraic Approaches to Grammar},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {395--398},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;linear-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ reuland-termeulen:1987a,
  editor = {Eric J. Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  title = {The Representation of (In){D}efiniteness},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	E. Reuland and A. ter Meulen, "Introduction"
	I. Heim, "Where Does the Definiteness Restriction Apply?
			Evidence from the Definiteness of Variables."
	J. Higginbotham, "Indefiniteness and Predication."
	K. Safir, "What Explains the Indefiniteness Effect?"
	D. Pesetsky, "Wh-in-Situ: Movement and Unselective Binding"
	T. Reinhart, "Specifier and Operator Binding"
	J. Williamson, "An Indefiniteness Restriction for Relative
		Clauses in Lakhota"
	S. Chung, "The Syntax of Chamorro Existential"
	C.-T. Huang, "Existential Sentences in Chinese and (In)definiteness"
	D. Gil, "Definiteness, Noun Phrase Configuationality, and the
		Count-Mass Distinction"
	F. de Jong, "The Compositional Nature of (In)definiteness"
	E. Keenan, "A Semantic Definition of `Indefinite NP' "
  	},
  topic = {nl-semantics;indefiniteness;definiteness;}  
 } 

@incollection{ reuland-termeulen:1987b,
  author = {Eric J. Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {The Representation of (In)Definites},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  pages = {1--20},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-semantics;(in)definiteness;}  
  } 

@book{ reuland-abraham:1993a,
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Werner Abraham},
  title = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {II}, Lexical and Conceptual
  	Structure},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	E. Reuland and W. Abraham, "Introduction"
	B. Partee, "Semantic Structures and Semantic Properties"
	R. Jackendoff, "The Combinatorial Structure of Thought: The Family of
  		Causative Concepts"
	R. Kempson, "Input Systems, Anaphora, Ellipsis, and Operator Binding",
 	J. Kornfilt and N. Correa, "Conceptual Structure and Its
		Relation to the Structure of Lexical Entries"
	J. Carrier and J. Randall, "Lexical Mapping"
	J. Grimshaw and S. Vikner, "Obligatory Adjuncts and the
		Structure of Events"
	T. Hoekstra and I. Roberts, "Middle Constructions in {D}utch
		and {E}nglish"
  	},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ rexach:1997a,
  author = {Javier G. Rexach},
  title = {Questions and Generalized Quantifiers},
  booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  pages = {409--452},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;interrogatives;
  	generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rey:1998a,
  author = {Georges Rey},
  title = {A Narrow Representationalist Account
    		of Qualitative Experience},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {435--457},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mental-representations;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ reyes:1988a,
  author = {Marie Reyes},
  title = {A Semantics for Literary Texts},
  school = {Concordia University},
  year = {1988},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Montr\'eal},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-semantics;literary-interpretation;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ reyes-reyes:1993a,
  author = {Marie La Palma Reyes and Gonzalo Reyes},
  title = {The Non-Boolean Logic of Natural Language Negation {I}},
  year = {1993},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Marked "To appear, Philosophica Mathematica."  Get
  	Reference.},
  topic = {nl-negation;}  
  } 

@article{ reyes-zolfaghari:1996a,
  author = {Gonzalo Reyes and Houman Zolfachari},
  title = {Bi-{H}eyting Algebras, Toposes and Modalities},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {24--43},
  topic = {modal-logic;algebraic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ reyle:1986a,
  author = {Uwe Reyle},
  title = {Grammatical Functions, Discourse Referents and
  	Quantification},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Stuttgart.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess. May have been published. Check other
  	Reyle pubs for self-references?},
  topic = {feature-structures;discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ reyle-gabbay:1994a,
  author = {Uwe Reyle and Dov. M. Gabbay},
  title = {Direct Deductive Computation on Discourse Representation
  	Structures},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {4},
  pages = {343--390},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ reynolds_d-gomatam:1996a,
  author = {David Reynolds and Jagannathan Gomatam},
  title = {Stochastic Modeling of Genetic Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {82},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {303--330},
  topic = {genetic-algorithms;stochastic-modeling;
  	AI-algorithms-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ reynolds_d-gomatam:1996b,
  author = {David Reynolds and Jagannathan Gomatam},
  title = {Similarities and Distinctions in Sampling Strategies for
  	Genetic Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {86},
  number = {2},
  pages = {375--390},
  topic = {genertic-algorithms;sampling-strategies;
  	AI-algorithms-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ reynolds_m:1994a,
  author = {Mark Reynolds},
  title = {Axiomatization of {F} and {P} in Cyclical Time},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2},
  pages = {197--224},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ reynolds_m:2001a,
  author = {Mark Reynolds},
  title = {An Axiomatization of Full Computation Tree Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {66},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1011--1057},
  topic = {computation-tree-logic;branching-time;tmix-project;}  
  } 

@article{ reynolds_m:2002a,
  author = {Mark Reynolds},
  title = {Review of {\em The Logic Programming Paradigm: A
  	Twenty-Five Year Perspective}, edited by {K}rysztof {R}. {A}pt, 
	{V}ictor {W}. {M}arek, {M}arek {T}ruszcynski, {D}avid {S}. {W}arren},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {71},
  number = {1},
  pages = {145--148},
  xref = {Review of: apt-etal:1999a.},
  topic = {logic-programming;} 
  } 

@incollection{ rhodes-garside:1991a,
  author = {Paul C. Rhodes and Gerald Roger Garside},
  title = {Using Maximum Entropy to Identity Unsafe Assumptions in
  	Probabilistic Expert Systems},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {292--296},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;expert-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ricciardi:1992a,
  author = {Aleta M. Ricciardi},
  title = {Practical Utility of Knowledge-Based Analysis},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {15--28},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-processing;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ricciardi-grisham:1998a,
  author = {Aleta Ricciardi and Paul Grissam},
  title = {Toward Software Synthesis for Distributed Applications},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {15--27},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;distributed-systems;
  	software-engineering;automatic-programming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ rich_c:1982a,
  author = {Charles Rich},
  title = {Knowledge Representation and Predicate Calculus:
  	How to Have Your Cake and Eat it Too},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second National Conference on
             Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {193--196},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;hybrid-kr-architectures;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rich_c:1984a,
  author = {Charles Rich},
  title = {A formal Representation for Plans in the {P}rogrammer's
	{A}pprentice},
  booktitle = {On Conceptual Modelling:  Perspectives from Artificial
  	Intelligence, Databases and Programming Languages},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Michael L. Brodie and John Mylopoulos and Joachim W. Schmidt},
  pages = {237--273},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {planning-formalisms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ rich_c-sidner_cl:1997a,
  author = {Charles Rich and Candace L. Sidner},
  title = {Collaboration with an Interface Agent via Direct Manipulation and
		Communication Acts},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative
		Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {130--131},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {David Traum},
  topic = {speech-acts;discourse;computational-linguistics;
  	nl-interfaces;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ rich_c-sidner_cl:1999a,
  author = {Charles Rich and Candace L. Sidner},
  title = {{COLLAGEN}: Project Summary and Discussion Questions},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {100--107},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;sharedplans;HCI;collaboration;}  
  } 

@book{ rich_e:1983a,
  author = {Elaine Rich},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1983},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0070522618},
  xref = {Review: rada:1986a.},
  topic = {AI-intro;}  
 } 

@incollection{ rich_e:1989a,
  author = {Elaine Rich},
  title = {Stereotypes and User Modeling},
  booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {35--51},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {user-modeling;agent-stereotypes;}  
 } 

@book{ rich_e-knight_k:1991a,
  author = {Elaine Rich and Kevin Knight},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill, Inc.},
  year = {1991},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0070522634},
  topic = {AI-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ richard:1983a,
  author = {Mark Richard},
  title = {Direct Reference and Ascriptions of Belief},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {425--45},
  topic = {reference;intensionality;belief;}  
  } 

@article{ richard:1986a,
  author = {Mark Richard},
  title = {Quotation, Grammar, and Opacity},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {383--403},
  topic = {direct-discourse;referential-opacity;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ richard:1993a,
  author = {Mark Richard},
  title = {Attitudes in Context},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {2},
  pages = {123--148},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ richard:1993b,
  author = {Mark Richard},
  title = {Articulated Terms},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {207--230},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {singular-terms;propositional-attitudes;intensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ richard:1994a,
  author = {Mark Richard},
  title = {What a Belief Isn't},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {291--318},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-mind;belief;
  	philosophy-of-belief;}  
  } 

@incollection{ richard:1996a,
  author = {Mark Richard},
  title = {Propositional Quantification},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  address = {Oxford},
  pages = {437--460},
  topic = {propositional-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ richard:1997a,
  author = {Mark Richard},
  title = {What Does Commonsense Psychology Tell Us about Meaning?},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {31},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--114},
  xref = {Critical Review of devitt:1995a.},
  xref = {Reply: devitt:1997a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ richard:1998a,
  author = {Mark Richard},
  title = {Commitment},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {256--281},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {ontological-commitment;}  
  } 

@article{ richards_b:1971a,
  author = {Barry Richards},
  title = {Searle on Meaning and Speech Acts},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {7},
  missinginfo = {pages = {519-???}.},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ richards_b:1982a,
  author = {Barry Richards},
  title = {Tense, Aspect and Time Adverbials {I}},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {59--107},
  topic = {tense-aspect;nl-tense;nl-semantics;temporal-adverbials;}  
 } 

@article{ richards_b:1984a,
  author = {Barry Richards},
  title = {On Interpreting Pronouns},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {287--324},
  topic = {anaphora;donkey-anaphora;}  
  } 

@incollection{ richards_b:1987a,
  author = {Barry Richards},
  title = {Tenses, Temporal Quantifiers and Semantic Innocence},
  booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Ernest LePore},
  pages = {337--384},
  address = {London},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-tense;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ richards_d:2001a,
  author = {Debbie Richards},
  title = {Combining Cases and Rules to Provide
    		Contextualized Knowledge Based Systems},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {465--469},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;knowledge-engineering;}  
  } 

@book{ richards_t:1989a,
  author = {Tom Richards},
  title = {Clausal Form Logic: An Introduction to the Logic of
  	Computer Reasoning},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201129205},
  topic = {logic-in-cs-intro;theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@article{ richardson_h:1990a,
  author = {Henry Richardson},
  title = {Specifying Norms as a Way to Resolve Concrete Ethical
  	Problems},
  journal = {Philosophy and Public Affairs},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {applied-ethics;}  
    } 

@book{ richardson_hs:1994a,
  author = {Harry S. Richardson},
  title = {Practical Reasoning about Final Ends},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;rationality;}  
 } 

@techreport{ richardson_r-smeaton:1997a,
  author = {R. Richardson and A.F. Smeaton},
  title = {Using {W}ord{N}et in a Knowledge-Based Approach
		to Information Retrieval},
  institution = {School of Computer Applications, Dublin City
		University},
  number = {CA--0395},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dublin},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, date is a guess.},
  topic = {Wordnet;information-retrieval;}  
  } 

@article{ richman:2000a,
  author = {Frank Richman},
  title = {Gleason's Theorem Has a Constructive Proof},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {4},
  pages = {425--431},
  topic = {quantum-logic;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;
  	constructive-mathematics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ richmond_k-etal:1997a,
  author = {Korin Richmond and Andrew Smith and Einat Amitay},
  title = {Detecting Subject Boundaries within Text: A Language
  	Independent Statistical Approach},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {47--54},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;statstical-nlp;corpus-tagging;
		topic-extraction;}  
  } 

@book{ richmond_p:1981a,
  author = {Phyllis A. Richmond},
  title = {Introduction to {\sc Precis} for {N}orth {A}merican
  	Usage},
  publisher = {Libraries Unlimited},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Littleton, Colorado},
  topic = {thesaurus-construction;document-classification;
  	computational-ontology;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ richter:1983a,
  author = {Reed Richter},
  title = {On the Need for a Modified Causal Decision Theory},
  year = {1983},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Miami, Florida.},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;resource-limited-game-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ richter:1983b,
  author = {Reed Richter},
  title = {Reply to {L}ewis's `{R}ichter's Problem'\, } ,
  year = {1983},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Miami, Florida.},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;resource-limited-game-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ rickel-porter:1997a,
  author = {Jeff Rickel and Bruce Porter},
  title = {Automated Modeling of Complex Systems to Answer Prediction
  	Questions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {93},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {201--260},
  topic = {reasoning-about-physical-systems;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ ricketts:1973a,
  author = {Thomas G. Ricketts},
  title = {Truth Theories and Semantic Theories},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;Davidson-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ ricoeur:1976a,
  author = {Paul Ricoeur},
  title = {Interpretation Theory: Discourse and the Surplus of Meaning},
  publisher = {Texas Christian University Press},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Fort Worth},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
} 

@article{ riddle-sheintuch:1983a,
  author = {Elizabeth Riddle and Gloria Sheintuch},
  title = {A Functional Analysis of Pseudo-Passives},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {527--563},
  topic = {passives;nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@article{ rieber_b:1998a,
  author = {Bruce Rieber},
  title = {Could Demonstratives be Descriptions?},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {65--77},
  topic = {indexicals;demonstratives;definite-descriptions;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ rieber_sd:1994a,
  author = {Steven D. Rieber},
  title = {The Paradoxes of Analysis and Synonymy},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {41},
  pages = {103--116},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {paradox-of-analysis;synonymy;}  
  } 

@article{ rieber_sd:1997a,
  author = {Steven D. Rieber},
  title = {Conventional Implicatures as Tacit Performatives},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--72},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ rieger_bs:1981a,
  editor = {Burghard S. Rieger},
  title = {Empirical Semantics {I}: A Collection of New Approaches
  	in the Field},
  publisher = {Studienverlag},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Bochum},
  ISBN = {3-88339-221-9},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;semantic-fields;}  
 } 

@book{ rieger_bs:1981b,
  editor = {Burghard S. Rieger},
  title = {Empirical Semantics {II}: A Collection of New Approaches
  	in the Field},
  publisher = {Studienverlag},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Bochum},
  ISBN = {3-88339-221-9},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;semantic-fields;}  
 } 

@incollection{ rieger_bs:1981c,
  author = {Burghard S. Rieger},
  title = {Feasible Fuzzy Semantics: On Some Problems
     		of How to Handle Word Meaning Empirically},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {193--209},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ rieger_c:1976a,
  author = {Chuck Rieger},
  title = {An Organization of Knowledge for Problem Solving and
  	Language Comprehension},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {89--127},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The concept of an image space, motivated by the STRIPS system,
     is introduced as a formal logical counterpart to the state-space
     problem solving in robotics.  The main results are two
     correspondence theorems establishing a relationship between
     solutions of problems formalized in the image space and formal
     proofs of certain formulas in the associated situation calculus.
     The concept of a solution, as used in the second correspondence
     theorem, has a rather general form allowing for conditional
     branching.  Besides giving a deeper insight into the logic of
     problem solving the results suggest a possibility of using the
     advantages of the image-space representation in the situation
     calculus and conversely.  The image space approach is further
     extended to cope with the frame problem in a similar way as
     STRIPS.  Any STRIPS problem domain can be associated with an
     appropriate image space with frames of the same solving power.   } ,
  topic = {problem-solving;}  
  } 

@techreport{ rieger_cj:1974a,
  author = {Charles J. {Rieger III}},
  title = {Conceptual Memory: A Theory and Computer Program for
  	Processing the Meaning Content of Natural Language Utterances},
  institution = {Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory,
  	Stanford University},
  number = {AIM--233},
  year = {1974},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;memory-models;conceptual-dependency;}  
  } 

@book{ riesbeck-schank:1989a,
  author = {Christopher K. Riesbeck and Roger C.Schank},
  title = {Inside Case-Based Reasoning},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0898597676},
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ riezler:1997a,
  author = {Stefan Riezler},
  title = {Quantitative Constraint Logic
			Programming for Weighted Grammar Applications},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {346--365},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ rigau-etal:1997a,
  author = {German Rigau and Jordi Atserias and Eneko Agirre},
  title = {Combining Unsupervised Lexical Knowledge Methods for
  	Word Sense Disambiguation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {48--55},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;nl-processing;}  
 } 

@incollection{ rijke:1996a,
  author = {Maarten de Rijke},
  title = {What is modal logic?},
  booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic},
  publisher = {{CLSI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {191--202},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {arrow-logic;modal-logic;foundations-of-modal-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ riloff-shoen:1995a,
  author = {Ellen Riloff and Jay Shoen},
  title = {Automatically Acquiring Conceptual Patterns
				without an Automated Corpus},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very
		Large Corpora},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {148--161},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;text-skimming;}  
  } 

@article{ riloff:1996a,
  author = {Ellen Riloff},
  title = {An Empirical Study of Automated Dictionary Construction
  	for Information Extraction in Three Domains},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {85},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {101--134},
  topic = {dictionary-construction;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ riloff-shepherd:1997a,
  author = {Ellen Riloff and Jessica Shepherd},
  title = {A Corpus-Based Approach for Building Semantic
		Lexicons},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {117--124},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;corpus-linguistics;
		dictionary-construction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ringen:1977a,
  author = {Jon D. Ringen},
  title = {Linguistic Facts: A Study of the Empirical Scientific
  	Status of Transformational Generative Grammars},
  booktitle = {Testing Linguistic Hypotheses},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David Cohen and Jessica Worth},
  pages = {1--41},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ringen:1977b,
  author = {Jon D. Ringen},
  title = {On Evaluating Data Concerning Linguistic Intuition},
  booktitle = {Current themes in Linguistics: Bilingualism,
  	Experimental Linguistics, and Language Typologies},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {Fred R. Eckman},
  pages = {145--160},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {pages } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ ringen:1977c,
  author = {Jon D. Ringen},
  title = {Review of {\it Linguistics and Metascience},
  	by {E}sa {I}tkonen},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {53},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ringen:1979a,
  author = {Jon D. Ringen},
  title = {Indeterminacy of Translation and the Private Language
  	Argument},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth International {W}ittgenstein
  	Symposium},
  year = {1979},
  publisher = {H\"older-Pichler-Tempsky},
  pages = {566--568},
  address = {Vienna},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {indeterminacy-of-translation;private-language;
  	philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ringen:1980a,
  author = {Jon D. Ringen},
  title = {Linguistic Facts: A Study of the Scientific Status of
		Transformational Generative Grammars},
  booktitle = {Evidence and Argumentation in Linguistics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1980},
  pages = {99--132},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ringen:1981a,
  author = {Jon D. Ringen},
  title = {Quine on Introspection in Linguistics},
  booktitle = {A {F}estschrift for Native Speaker},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Florian Coulmas},
  pages = {140--151},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {Quine;philosophy-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ringen:1982a,
  title = {The Explanatory Import of Dispositions: A Defense
  	of Realism},
  author = {Jon D. Ringen},
  booktitle = {{PSA} 1982: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 2},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {Peter D. Asquith and Thomas Nickles},
  pages = {122--133},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  address = {East Lansing, Michigan},
  topic = {dispositions;explanation;}  
  } 

@book{ ringle:1979a,
  editor = {Martin Ringle},
  title = {Philosophical Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Harvester Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Sussex},
  ISBN = {0-85527-901-x},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ rintanen:1994a,
  author = {Jussi Rintanen},
  title = {Prioritized Autoepistemic Logic},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce},
  pages = {232--260},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-prioritization;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ rintanen:1995a,
  author = {Jussi Rintanen},
  title = {On Specificity in Default Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1474--1479},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {specificity;default-reasoning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ rintanen:1998a,
  author = {Jussi Rintanen},
  title = {A Planning Algorithm not Based on Directional Search},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {617--624},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;plkanning;search;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ rintanen:1998b,
  author = {Jussi Rintanen},
  title = {Lexicographic Priorities in Default Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {106},
  number = {2},
  pages = {221--265},
  topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-prioritization;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ risjord:1998a,
  author = {Mark Risjord},
  title = {No Strings Attached: Functionalism and Intentional
  	Action Explanations},
  booktitle = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed
	Papers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {299--313},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {explanation;intention;functionalism;action;}  
  } 

@article{ rissland:1990a,
  author = {Edwina Rissland},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence and Law: Stepping
             Stones to a Model of Legal Reasoning},
  journal = {Yale Law Review},
  volume = {99},
  pages = {1957--1981},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {legal-AI;legal-reasoning;}  
    } 

@article{ rissland-skalak:1991a,
  author = {Edwina L. Rissland and David B. Skalak},
  title = {{CABARET}: Statutory Interpretation in a Hybrid
     Architecture},
  journal = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies},
  volume = {34},
  number = {6},
  pages = {839--887},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {legal-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ ristad:1990a,
  author = {Eric Sven Ristad},
  title = {Computational Structures of {GPSG} Models},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {5},
  pages = {521--587},
  topic = {GPSG;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ristad-thomas:1997a,
  author = {Eric Sven Ristad and Robert G. Thomas},
  title = {Hierarchical Non-Emitting {M}arkov Models},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {381--385},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;}  
 } 

@article{ ritchie-hanna:1984a,
  author = {G.D. Ritchie and F.K. Hanna},
  title = {{AM}: A case study in {AI} methodology } ,
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {249--268},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Much artificial intelligence research is based on the
     construction of large impressive-looking programs, the
     theoretical content of which may not always be clearly stated.
     This is unproductive from the point of view of building a stable
     base for further research.  We illustrate this problem by
     referring to Lenat's AM program, in which the techniques
     employed are somewhat obscure in spite of the impressive
     performance.  } ,
  topic = {AI-methodology;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ ritchie-etal:1992a,
  author = {Graeme D. Ritchie and Graham J. Russell and Allan W. Black
  	and Stephen G. Pulman},
  title = {Computational Morphology},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {computational-morphology;}  
 } 

@article{ ritchie:1999a,
  author = {Graeme Ritchie},
  title = {Completeness Conditions for Mixed Strategy
  	Bidirectional Parsing},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {25},
  number = {4},
  pages = {457--486},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ rivero:1973a,
  author = {Mar\'ia-Luisa Rivero},
  title = {Antecedents of Contemporary Logical and Linguistic
  	Analyses in {S}cholastic Logic},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {55--64},
  topic = {history-of-logic;philosophy-and-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ rivero:1992a,
  author = {Mar\'ia-Luisa Rivero},
  title = {Adverb Incorporation and the Syntax of Adverbs
  	in Modern {G}reek},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3},
  pages = {289--331},
  topic = {adverbs;incorporation;nl-syntax;modern-Greek-language;}  
  } 

@article{ rivest:1987a,
  author = {Ronald L. Rivest},
  title = {Game Tree Searching by Min/Max Approximation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {34},
  number = {1},
  pages = {77--96},
  topic = {game-trees;search;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ rivest-sloan:1988a,
  author = {Ronald L. Rivest and Robert Sloan},
  title = {A New Model for Inductive Inference},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {13--27},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;induction;}  
  } 

@book{ rizzi:1995a,
  author = {Luigi Rizzi},
  title = {Relativized Minimality},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-syntax;GB-syntax;}  
 } 

@article{ roark:2001a,
  author = {Brian Roark},
  title = {Probabilistic Top-Down Parsing and Language Modeling},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {249--276},
  topic = {probabilistic-parsers;}  
  } 

@article{ robbins:2002a,
  author = {Philip Robbins},
  title = {How to Blunt the Sword of Compositionality},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {36},
  number = {2},
  pages = {313--334},
  topic = {concepts;foundations-of-psychology;} 
  } 

@article{ roberts:2001a,
  author = {Tim S. Roberts},
  title = {Some Thoughts about the Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {6},
  pages = {609--612},
  topic = {logic-puzzles;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ roberts_c:1984a,
  author = {Craige Roberts},
  title = {Modal Subordination and Pronominal Anaphora},
  year = {1984},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University
  	of Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;modal-subordination;}  
  } 

@incollection{ roberts_c:1985a,
  author = {Craige Roberts},
  title = {Domain Restriction in Dynamic Semantics},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {661--700},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;compositionality;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ roberts_c:1986a,
  author = {Craige Roberts},
  title = {Modal Subordination, Anaphora and Distributivity},
  school = {Linguistics Department, University of Massachusetts},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ roberts_c:1987b,
  author = {Craige Roberts},
  title = {Plural Anaphors in Distributive Contexts},
  booktitle = {WCCFL 6},
  publisher = {Stanford Linguistics Association},
  address = {Stanford},
  year = {1987},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {plural;anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ roberts_c:1989a,
  author = {Craige Roberts},
  title = {Modal Subordination and Pronominal Anaphora in Discourse},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {6},
  pages = {683--721},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;anaphora;donkey-anaphora;pragmatics;
  		modal-subordination;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ roberts_c:1991a,
  author = {Craige Roberts},
  title = {Distributivity and Reciprocal Distributivity},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{I}},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner},
  pages = {209--229},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {reciprical-constructions;distributivity-of-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@techreport{ roberts_c:1996a,
  author = {Craige Roberts},
  title = {Information Structure in Discourse: Towards an
  	Integrated Formal Theory of Pragmatics},
  institution = {Linguistics Department, The Ohio State University},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Columbus, Ohio},
  note = {OSU Working Papers in Linguistics, volume 49,
  	Jae-Hak Yoon and Andreas Kathol, editors.},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ roberts_c:1996b,
  author = {Craige Roberts},
  title = {Anaphora in Intensional Contexts},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {215--246},
  topic = {anaphora;intensionality;modal-subordination;}  
  } 

@incollection{ roberts_c:1997a,
  author = {Craige Roberts},
  title = {Focus, The Flow of Information, and Universal Grammar},
  booktitle = {The Limits of Syntax},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Peter Culicover and Louise McNally},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {Pages.},
  topic = {sentence-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ roberts_c:1997b,
  author = {Craige Roberts},
  title = {The Place of Centering in a General Theory
       		of Anaphora},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {359--399},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;anaphora;centering;}  
  } 

@incollection{ roberts_dd:1992a,
  author = {Don D. Roberts},
  title = {The Existential Graphs},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {639--663},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {CS-Peirce;history-of-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ roberts_ld:1985a,
  author = {Lawrence D. Roberts},
  title = {Problems about Material and Formal Modes in the
		Necessity of Identity},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {82},
  number = {10},
  pages = {562--572},
  topic = {identity;}  
  } 

@article{ roberts_ld:1991a,
  author = {Lawrence D. Roberts},
  title = {Relevance as an Explanation of Communication},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {453--472},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;relevance-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ roberts_ld:1993a,
  author = {Lawrence D. Roberts},
  title = {How Reference Works: Explanatory Models for Indexicals,
  	Descriptions, and Opacity},
  publisher = {State University of New York Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Albany},
  ISBN = {0-7914-1576-7 (pbk)},
  topic = {reference;indexicals;descriptions;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@techreport{ roberts_r-goldstein:1977a,
  author = {R. Roberts and I. Goldstein},
  title = {The {FRL} Manual},
  institution = {{MIT} Artificial Intelligence Laboratory},
  number = {AI Memo No. 409},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {frames;}  
  } 

@article{ robertson_t:2000a,
  author = {Teresa Robertson},
  title = {On {S}oames's Solution to the Sorites Paradox},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {60},
  number = {4},
  pages = {328--334},
  xref = {Commentary on: soames:1999a.},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@techreport{ robin:1990a,
  author = {Jacques Robin},
  title = {Lexical Choice in Natural Language Generation},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, Columbia University},
  year = {1990},
  number = {CUCS-04-90},
  topic = {lexical-selection;nl-generation;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ robin:1996a,
  author = {Jacques Robin},
  title = {Evaluating the Portability of Revision Rules for
  	Incremental Summary Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {205--214},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {text-summary;}  
 } 

@article{ robin-mckeown:1996a,
  author = {Jacques Robin and Kathleen McKeown},
  title = {Empirically Designing and Evaluating a New Revision-Based
  	Model for Summary Generation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {85},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {135--179},
  topic = {nl-generation;corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ robins_jm:1992a,
  author = {James M. Robins},
  title = {Estimation of the Time-Dependent Accelerated Failure Time
  	Model in the Presence of Confounding Factors},
  journal = {Biometrika},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {79},
  pages = {321--334},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {statistical-inference;statistics;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ robins_jm:1993a,
  author = {James M. Robins},
  title = {Analytic Methods for Estimating {HIV} Treatment and Cofactor
  	Effects},
  booktitle = {Methodological Issues of {AIDS} Mental Health Research},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {David G. Ostrow and Ronald C. Kessler},
  pages = {213--290},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {statistical-inference;statistics;causality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ robins_jm:1998a,
  author = {James M. Robins},
  title = {Marginal Structural Models versus
    		Structural Nested Models as Tools for Causal
		Inference},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  year = {1998},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  pages = {65--83},
  topic = {causality;statistics;statistical-inference;}  
 } 

@article{ robins_mh:1997a,
  author = {Michael H. Robins},
  title = {Is it Rational to Carry out Strategic Intentions?},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1--4},
  pages = {191--221},
  topic = {intention;rational-action;}  
  } 

@book{ robinson_a:1966a,
  author = {Abraham Robinson},
  title = {Nonstandard Analysis},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1966},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nonstandard-models;nonstandard-real-numbers;}  
 } 

@incollection{ robinson_ae:1978a,
  author = {Ann E. Robinson},
  title = {Conclusion},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {383--391},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@incollection{ robinson_jj:1978a,
  author = {Jane J. Robinson},
  title = {Preface},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {xv--xviii},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@article{ robinson_jj:1982a,
  author = {Jane Robinson},
  title = {{DIAGRAM}: A Grammar for Dialogues},
  journal = {Communications of the {ACM}},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--47},
  topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ robinson_jj:1994a,
  author = {Jane Robinson},
  title = {On Getting a Computer to Listen},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {17--39},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {nlp-survey;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@book{ robinson_p:1996a,
  author = {Peter Robinson},
  title = {Deceit, Delusion, and Detection},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {deception;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ robinson_r:1950a,
  author = {Richard Robinson},
  title = {Forms and Error in {P}lato's Metaphysics},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1950},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--30},
  topic = {Plato;}  
  } 

@article{ robinson_r:1971a,
  author = {Richard Robinson},
  title = {Begging the Question},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {31},
  number = {4},
  pages = {113--117},
  topic = {question-begging;argumentation;}  
  } 

@book{ roca:1992a,
  author = {Iggy M. Roca},
  title = {Thematic Structure: Its Role in Grammar},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {thematic-roles;argument-structure;}  
 } 

@article{ roche-schabes:1995a,
  author = {Emmanuel Roche and Yves Schabes},
  title = {Deterministic Part-of-Speech Tagging with Finite-State
  	Transducers},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {227--253},
  topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;finite-state-nlp;}  
  } 

@book{ roche-schabes:1997a,
  editor = {Emmanuel Roche and Yves Schabes},
  title = {Finite-State Language Processing},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {finite-state-nlp;}  
 } 

@book{ rochemont:1985a,
  author = {Michael S. Rochemont},
  title = {A Theory of Stylistic Rules in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Garland Publishers},
  year = {1985},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0824054385},
  topic = {linguistic-style;}  
 } 

@book{ rochemont:1986a,
  author = {Michael Rochemont},
  title = {Focus in Generative Grammar},
  publisher = {John Benjamins},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {9027227918 (pbk.)},
  topic = {sentence-focus;}  
 } 

@book{ rochester-martin:1979a,
  author = {S. Rochester and J.R. Martin},
  title = {Crazy Talk: A Study of the Discourse of Schizophrenic
  	Speakers},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {discourse-pathology;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ rock:1987a,
  author = {Sheila Rock},
  title = {Review of {\it Robot Technology, Volume 1: Modelling and
  	Control, and Volume 2: Interaction with the Environment}, by
	{P}hilippe {C}oiffet},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {33},
  number = {1},
  pages = {141--142},
  xref = {Review of coiffet:1983a and coiffet:1983b.},
  topic = {robotics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rodd:1998a,
  author = {Jennifer Rodd},
  title = {Recurrent Neural-Network Learning of Phonological
  	Regularities in {T}urkish},
  booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {T. Mark Ellison},
  pages = {97--106},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;Turkish-language;}  
  } 

@article{ rodder:2000a,
  author = {Wilhelm R\"odder},
  title = {Conditional Logic and the Principle of Entropy},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {117},
  number = {1},
  pages = {83--106},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The conditional three-valued logic of Calabrese is applied to
     the language L* of conditionals on propositional variables with
     finite domain. The conditionals in L* serve as a means for the
     construction and manipulation of probability distributions
     respecting the Principle of Maximum Entropy and of Minimum
     Relative Entropy.  This principle allows a sound inference even
     in the presence of uncertain evidence. The inference is
     directed, it respects a probabilistic version of Modus
     Ponens--not of Modus Tollens--,it permits transitive
     chaining and supports a cautious monotony.  Conjunctive,
     conditional and material deduction are manageable in this
     probabilistic logic, too.  The concept is not merely
     theoretical, but enables large-scale applications in the expert
     system-shell SPIRIT.
  } ,
  topic = {conditionals;probability-semantics;many-valued-logic;
  	world-entropy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rodi-pimentel:1991a,
  author = {William L. Rodi and Stephen G. Pimentel},
  title = {A Nonmonotonic Assumption-Based {TMS} Using Stable Bases},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {485--495},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;truth-maintenance;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ rodman:1975a,
  author = {Robert Rodman},
  title = {The Nondiscrete Nature of Islands},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Department of Linguistics, University of Indiana,
 	Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {syntactic-islands;}  
 } 

@incollection{ rodman:1976a,
  author = {Robert Rodman},
  title = {Scope Phenomena, `Movement Transformations',
     		and Relative Clauses},
  booktitle = {Montague Grammar},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Barbara H. Partee},
  pages = {165--176},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;relative-clauses;nl-quantifier-scope;
  	syntactic-islands;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rodriguez_ma-eigenhofer:1999a,
  author = {M. Andrea Rodr\'iguez and Max J. Eigenhofer},
  title = {Putting Similarity Assessments into Context:  Matching
			Functions with the User's Intended Operations},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {310--323},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;similarity;WordNet;geograqphical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rodriguez_r-anger:1996a,
  author = {Rita Rodriguez and Frank Anger},
  title = {Prior's Temporal Legacy in Computer Science},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {89--109},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {temporal-logic;parallel-processing;distributed-systems;
  	kr;}  
  } 

@article{ roeper:1987a,
  author = {Peter Roeper},
  title = {Principles of Abstraction for Events and Processes},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  pages = {273--307},
  topic = {events;Aktionsarten;}  
  } 

@incollection{ roeper:1993a,
  author = {Thomas Roeper},
  title = {Explicit Syntax in the Lexicon: The Representation of
  	Nominalizations},
  booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky},
  pages = {185--220},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;nominalization;}  
  } 

@article{ roeper:1997a,
  author = {Peter Roeper},
  title = {Region-Based Topology},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {251--309},
  topic = {foundations-of-topology;}  
  } 

@article{ roeper-leblanc:1999a,
  author = {Peter Roeper and Hugues Leblanc},
  title = {Absolute Probability Functions for Intuitionistic
  	Propositional Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {3},
  pages = {223--234},
  topic = {probability-semantics;intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ roese-olsen:1995a,
  author = {Neal J. Roese and James M. Olsen},
  title = {What Might Have Been: The Social Psychology of
  	Counterfactual Thinking},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {conditionals;social-psychology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ rogers:1997b,
  author = {James Rogers},
  title = {Strict {LT2}:REGULAR :: Local:Recognizable},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {366--385},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ rogers_a:1971a,
  author = {Andy Rogers},
  title = {Three Kinds of Physical Perception Verbs},
  year = {1971},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University
  	of Texas at Austin.},
  topic = {logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ rogers_a:1977a,
  author = {Andy Rogers},
  title = {Remarks on `Assertion' and Related Matters},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University
  	of Texas at Austin.},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ rogers_a:1978a,
  author = {Andy Rogers},
  title = {On Generalized Conversational Implicatures and
  	Preparatory Conditions},
  journal = {Texas Linguistic Forum},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {72--75},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rogers_e:1995a,
  author = {Erika Rogers},
  title = {Visual Interaction: A Link between Perception and Problem
  	Solving},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {481--500},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;
  	cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rogers_h:1998a,
  author = {Henry Rogers},
  title = {Education},
  booktitle = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry},
  pages = {62--100},
  address = {London},
  topic = {linguistics-and-computation;
  	computer-assisted-instruction;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ rogers_j:1996a,
  author = {James Rogers},
  title = {A Model-Theoretic Framework for Theories of Syntax},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {10--16},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;foundations-of-syntax;}  
 } 

@article{ rogers_j:1997a,
  author = {James Rogers},
  title = {\,`Grammarless' Phrase Structure Grammar},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {6},
  pages = {721--746},
  topic = {GPSG;constraint-based-grammar;}  
  } 

@book{ rogers_j:1998a,
  author = {James Rogers},
  title = {A Descriptive Approach to Language-Theoretic Complexity},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {1-57586-137-2},
  xref = {Review: miller_p-pullum:2001a.},
  topic = {mathematical-linguistics;complexity-theory;
  	foundations-of-syntax;}  
 } 

@incollection{ rogoff:1991a,
  author = {Barbara Rogoff},
  title = {Social Interaction as Apprenticeship in
    		Thinking: Guided Participation in Spatial 
		Planning},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and 
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {349--383},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}  
  } 

@article{ rohrer:1977a,
  author = {Christian Rohrer},
  title = {Double Terms and the {B}ach-{P}eters Paradox},
  journal = {Actes Du Colloque {F}ranco-{A}llemand de Linguistique
  	Th\'eoretique},
  year = {1977},
  pages = {205--217},
  missinginfo = {volume, number},
  topic = {Bach-Peters-sentences;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@book{ roitblat-meyer_ja:1995a,
  editor = {Herbert L. Roitblat and Jean-Arcady Meyer},
  title = {Comparative Approaches to Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {0262181665},
  topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;}  
 } 

@article{ roizen-pearl:1983a,
  author = {Igor Roizen and Judea Pearl},
  title = {A Minimax Algorithm Better Than Alpha-Beta? Yes and No},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {199--220},
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@article{ rolf:1980a,
  author = {Bertil Rolf},
  title = {A Theory of Vagueness},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {315--325},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ rolf:1981a,
  author = {Bertil Rolf},
  title = {Topics on Vagueness},
  school = {Lunds Universitet},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Lunds Universitet, Filosofiska Instititonen, Kungshuset,
  	Lundag\o{a}rd, S-223 50 Lund, Sweden},
  month = {August},
  contentnote = {Contains a comprehensive bibliography.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
 } 

@article{ rolf:1984a,
  author = {Bertil Rolf},
  title = {Sorites},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {58},
  number = {2},
  pages = {219--250},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rolls:1993a,
  author = {Edmund T. Rolls},
  title = {Networks in the Brain},
  booktitle = {The Simulation of Human Intelligence},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Donald Broadbent},
  pages = {103--120},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {neurocognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ romacker-hahn:2001a,
  author = {Martin Romacker and Udo Hahn},
  title = {Context-Based Ambiguity Management for Natural Language
  		Processing},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {184--197},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;disambiguation;}  
  } 

@article{ romanycia-pelletier:1985a,
  author = {Marc H.J. Romanycia and Francis J. Pelletier},
  title = {What is a Heuristic?},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {47--58},
  topic = {philosophy-of-AI;AI-methodology;}  
  } 

@book{ romero-arrizabalaga:1999a,
  editor = {Luisa Gonz\'olez Romero and Beatriz Rodr\'iguez Arrizabalaga},
  title = {The Syntax-Semantics Interface},
  publisher = {Universidad de Huelva},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Huelva},
  ISBN = {8495089408},
  topic = {syntax-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ rommetveit:1968a,
  author = {Ragnar Rommetveit},
  title = {Words, Meanings, and Messages; Theory and Experiments in
                   Psycholinguistics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1968},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ rommetveit:1974a,
  author = {Ragnar Rommetveit},
  title = {On Message Structure; A Framework for the Study of Language
                   and Communication},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1974},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ rommetveit-baker:1979a,
  editor = {Ragnar Rommetveit and R.M. Baker},
  title = {Studies of Language, Thought, and Verbal Communication},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ room:1989a,
  author = {Adrian Room},
  title = {Axing the Apostrophe},
  journal = {English Today},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {21--23},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ roorda_d:1993a,
  author = {Dirk Roorda},
  title = {Dyadic Modalities and {L}ambek Calculus},
  booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  editor = {Maarten de Rijke},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {215--253},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {modal-logic;Lambek-calculus;}  
  } 

@article{ roorda_j:1997a,
  author = {Jonathan Roorda},
  title = {Fallibilism, Ambivalence, and Belief},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {3},
  pages = {109--125},
  topic = {belief;}  
  } 

@techreport{ roords:1992a,
  author = {Dirk Roorda},
  title = {Lambek Calculus and Boolean Connectives: On the Road},
  institution = {Research Institute for Language and Speech,
  	Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht},
  number = {OTS--WP--CL--92--004},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Trans 10, 3512 Utrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;}  
  } 

@article{ roos:1992a,
  author = {Nico Roos},
  title = {A Logic for Reasoning with Inconsistent Knowledge},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {57},
  number = {1},
  pages = {69--103},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In many situations humans have to reason with inconsistent
     knowledge.  These inconsistencies may occur due to not fully
     reliable sources of information.  In order to reason with
     inconsistent knowledge, it is not possible to view a set of
     premisses as absolute truths as is done in predicate logic.
     Viewing the set of premisses as a set of assumptions, however,
     it is possible to deduce useful conclusions from an inconsistent
     set of premisses.  In this paper a logic for reasoning with
     inconsistent knowledge is described.  This logic is a
     generalization of the work of Rescher [12].  In the logic a
     reliability relation is used to choose between incompatible
     assumptions.  These choices are only made when a contradiction is
     derived.  As long as no contradiction is derived, the knowledge
     is assumed to be consistent.  This makes it possible to define
     an executable deduction process for the logic.  For the logic a
     semantics based on the ideas of Shoham [14,15] is defined.  It
     turns out that the semantics for the logic is a preferential
     semantics according to the definition of Kraus, Lehmann and
     Magidor [9].  Therefore the logic is a logic of system P and
     possesses all the properties of an ideal nonmonotonic logic.  } ,
  topic = {paraconsistency;nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;}  
  } 

@article{ roos:1998a,
  author = {Nico Roos},
  title = {Reasoning by Cases in Default Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {99},
  number = {1},
  pages = {165--183},
  topic = {default-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ root:1975a,
  author = {Michael D. Root},
  title = {Language, Rules, and Complex Behavior},
  booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge.  {M}innesota Studies in
  	the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Keith Gunderson},
  pages = {321--343},
  address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ root:1977a,
  author = {Michael D. Root},
  title = {Nelson {G}oodman and the Logical Articulation of
  	Nominal Compounds},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {259--271},
  xref = {Comment on goodman_n:1977a.  Replies: creath:1977a,
  	goodman:1977a.},
  topic = {synonymy;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ root:1978a,
  author = {Michael Root},
  title = {Quine's Thought Experiment},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {275--289},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {intensionality;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ root:1985a,
  author = {R. Root},
  title = {The Semantics of Anaphora in Discourse},
  school = {University of Texas at Austin},
  year = {1985},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Austin, Texas},
  missinginfo = {Department, A's 1st name},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;anaphora;uniqueness;
  	definiteness;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ root:2000a,
  author = {Michael Root},
  title = {How We Divide the World},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S628--S639},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {natural-kinds;philosophy-of-social-science;racial-stereotypes;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ rooth-partee:1982a,
  author = {Mats Rooth and Barbara Partee},
  title = {Conjunction, Type Ambiguity, and Wide Scope `Or'\, } ,
  booktitle = {Proceedings, First {W}est {C}oast {C}onference on {F}ormal
  	{L}inguistics},
  year = {1982},
  missinginfo = {publisher, pages, address},
  topic = {nl-semantic-types;polymorphism;}  
  } 

@techreport{ rooth:1986a,
  author = {Mats Rooth},
  title = {Noun Phrase Interpretation in {M}ontague Grammar, File
  	Change Semantics, and Situation Semantics},
  institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  number = {CSLI--86--51},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rooth:1987a,
  author = {Mats Rooth},
  title = {Noun Phrase Interpretation in {M}ontague Grammar, File
  	Change Semantics, and Situation Semantics},
  booktitle = {Generalized Quantifiers: Linguistic and Logical
  	Approaches},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Peter G\"arderfors},
  pages = {237--268},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;anaphora;uniqueness;
  	definiteness;donkey-anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ rooth:1992a,
  author = {Mats Rooth},
  title = {A Theory of Focus Interpretation},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--116},
  topic = {sentence-focus;alternatives;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rooth:1995a,
  author = {Mats Rooth},
  title = {Indefinites, Adverbs of Quantification, and Focus
		Semantics},
  booktitle = {The Generic Book},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  pages = {265--299},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  topic = {sentence-focus;nl-quantifiers;indefiniteness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rooth:1996a,
  author = {Mats Rooth},
  title = {Focus},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {271--297},
  topic = {nl-semantics;sentence-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ roper:1980a,
  author = {Peter R\"oper},
  title = {Intervals and Tenses},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {451--469},
  topic = {temporal-logic;interval-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ rorty_ao:1976a,
  editor = {Am\'elie Oksenberg Rorty},
  title = {The Identities of Persons},
  publisher = {University of California Press},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Berkeley, California},
  ISBN = {0262061155},
  topic = {personal-identity;}  
 } 

@book{ rorty_ao:1980a,
  editor = {Am\'elie Oksenberg Rorty},
  title = {Explaining Emotions},
  publisher = {University of California Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Berkeley, California},
  ISBN = {0520037758},
  topic = {emotion;}  
 } 

@incollection{ rorty_ao:1986a,
  author = {Amelie Oksenberg Rorty},
  title = {The Historicity of Psychological Attitudes: Love is Not
  	Love Which Alters Not When it Alteration Finds},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {399--412},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {emotion;mental-states;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rosati:1998a,
  author = {Riccardo Rosati},
  title = {Minimal Knowledge States in Nonmonotonic Modal Logics},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {173--187},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ rosati:1999a,
  author = {Riccardo Rosati},
  title = {Reasoning about Minimal Knowledge in Nonmonotonic
  	Modal Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {187--203},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ rosati:2000a,
  author = {Riccardo Rosati},
  title = {On the Decidability and Complexity of Reasoning
  	about Only Knowing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {116},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {191--215},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;kr-complexity-analysis;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ rosch-mervis:1975a,
  author = {Eleanor Rosch and Carolyn B. Mervis},
  title = {Family Resemblances:  Studies in the Internal Structure of
  	Categories},
  journal = {Cognitive Psychology},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {382--439},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {cluster-concepts;}  
  } 

@article{ rose:1973a,
  author = {James H. Rose},
  title = {Principled Limitations on Productivity in Denominal Verbs},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {509--526},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ rose_cp:1996a,
  author = {Carolyn Penstein Ros\'e},
  title = {Towards a New Process Model for Negotiation Dialogs},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University},
  topic = {discourse;negotiation-subdialogs;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rose_cp-waibel:1996a,
  author = {Carolyn Pennstein Ros\'e and Alex H. Waibel},
  title = {Recovering from Parser Failures: A Hybrid Statistical and
		Symbolic Approach},
  booktitle = {The Balancing Act:  Combining Symbolic and Statistical
  	Approaches to Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik},
  pages = {157--179},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {robust-parsing;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rose_cp-lavie:1997a,
  author = {Carolyn Penstein Ros\'e and Alon Lavie},
  title = {An Efficient Distribution of Labor in a Two Stage Robust
				Interpretation Process},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {26--34},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;parsing-algorithms;
		parsing-ungrammatical-input;robust-parsing;}  
  } 

@article{ rose_de:1993a,
  author = {Daniel E. Rose},
  title = {Review of {\it Advances in Connectionist and Neural
  	Computation Theory, Volume 1: High-Level Connectionist
	Models}, edited by {J}ohn {A}. {B}arnden and
	{J}ordan {B}. {P}ollack},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {62},
  number = {1},
  pages = {129--139},
  xref = {Review of barnden-pollack_jb:1991a.},
  topic = {connectionism;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@article{ rosen:2002a,
  author = {Eric Rosen},
  title = {Some Aspects of Model Theory and Finite Structures},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {380--403},
  topic = {finite-models;} 
  } 

@article{ rosen_e:1997a,
  author = {Eric Rosen},
  title = {Modal Logic Over Finite Structures},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {427--439},
  topic = {modal-logic;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rosen_r:1988a,
  author = {Robert Rosen},
  title = {Effective Processes and Natural Law},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {523--537},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {Church's-thesis;foundations-of-computation;}  
  } 

@book{ rosenau:1992a,
  author = {Pauline M. Rosenau},
  title = {Post-Modernism and the Social Sciences},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  rztnote = {The author is a political scientist, doesn't seem to
  	be very knowledgeable about philosophy.},
  topic = {postmodernism;philosophy-of-social-science;}  
 } 

@article{ rosenbaum-rubin:1983a,
  author = {P. Rosenbaum and D. Rubin},
  title = {The Central Role of Propensity Score in Observational
  	Studies for Causal Effects},
  journal = {Biometrica},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {70},
  pages = {41--55},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  contentnote = {According to pearl:1997b, this paper proposes the
  	following criterion for adjusting for a covariate: Z is an
	admissible covariate relative to the effect of X on Y if for
	every x, the value that Y would obtain had X been x is
	conditionally independent of X, given Z.},
  topic = {statistics;}  
  } 

@article{ rosenberg:1972a,
  author = {Marc Rosenberg},
  title = {Generative vs. Interpretive Semantics},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {561--582},
  topic = {interpretive-semantics;generative-semantics;nl-semantics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ rosenberg_a:1984a,
  author = {Alexander Rosenberg},
  title = {Mackie and Shoemaker on {D}ispositions and Properties},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {77--91},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {dispositions;}  
  } 

@book{ rosenberg_jf:1974a,
  author = {Jay F. Rosenberg},
  title = {Linguistic Representation},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1974},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, specific topics},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ rosenberg_jf:1986a,
  author = {Jay F. Rosenberg},
  title = {\,`I Think': Some Reflections on {K}ant's Paralogisms},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {503--530},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {Kant;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rosenberg_jf:1993a,
  author = {Jay F. Rosenberg},
  title = {Another Look at Proper Names},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {505--530},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {semantics-of-proper-names;proper-names;reference;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ rosenberg_ms:1975a,
  author = {Marc S. Rosenberg},
  title = {Counterfactives: A Pragmatic Analysis of Presupposition},
  school = {Linguistics Department, University of Illinois},
  year = {1975},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Urbana, Illinois},
  topic = {(counter)factive-constructions;presupposition;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ rosenbloom:1982a,
  author = {Paul S. Rosenbloom},
  title = {A World-Championship-Level {O}thello Program},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {279--320},
  topic = {game-playing;}  
  } 

@article{ rosenbloom-etal:1991a,
  author = {Paul S. Rosenbloom and John E. Laird and Allen Newell and
  	Robert McCarl},
  title = {A preliminary Analysis of the {\sc soar} Architecture as a
  	Basis for General Intelligence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {47},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {289--325},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;cognitive-architectures;}  
  } 

@book{ rosenbloom-etal:1993a,
  editor = {Paul S. Rosenbloom and John E. Laird and and Allen Newell},
  title = {The {S}oar Papers: Research on Integrated Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262181525 (hc)},
  topic = {Soar;cognitive-architectures;}  
 } 

@article{ rosenbloom-laird:1993a,
  author = {Paul S. Rosenbloom and John E. Laird},
  title = {On Unified Theories of Cognition: A Response to the
  	Reviews},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {389--413},
  xref = {Review of newell:1992a.},
  topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rosenbloom:1996a,
  author = {Paul S. Rosenbloom},
  title = {Learning Matters},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {111--133},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;learning;}  
  } 

@article{ rosenfeld:1976a,
  author = {Azriel Rosenfeld},
  title = {Review of {\it The Psychology of Computer Vision}, edited
  	by {P}atrick {H}enry {W}inston},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {279--282},
  xref = {Review of winston_ph:1975a.},
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
  } 

@article{ rosenfeld:2000a,
  author = {Azriel Rosenfeld},
  title = {Review of {\it Handbook of Computer Vision and
  	Applications. 1. Sensors and Imaging. 2. Signal Processing and
	Pattern Recognition. 3. Systems and Applications},
	B. J\"ahne, H. Haussecker, and P. Geissler, eds.},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {120},
  number = {2},
  pages = {271--273},
  xref = {Review of jahne-etal:1999a, jahne-etal:1999b,jahne-etal:1999c.},
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
  } 

@book{ rosenschein_js-zlotkin:1994a,
  author = {Jeffrey S. Rosenschein and Gilad Zlotkin},
  title = {Rules of Encounter: Designing Conventions for Automated
  	Negotiation among Computers},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262181592},
  topic = {game-theory;distributed-AI;artificial-societies;
  	protocol-design;computational-bargaining;}  
 } 

@incollection{ rosenschein_sj:1981a,
  author = {Stanley J. Rosenschein},
  title = {Abstract Theories of Discourse and the Formal
  	Specification of Programs That Converse},
  booktitle = {Elements of Discourse Understanding},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Bonnie Webber and Ivan Sag},
  pages = {251--265},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {discourse;communication-protocols;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ rosenschein_sj:1985a,
  author = {Stanley J. Rosenschein},
  title = {Formal Theories of {AI} in Knowledge and Robotics},
  journal = {New Generation Computing},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {345--357},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;cognitive-robotics;foundations-of-robotics;
  	logic-in-AI;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rosenschein_sj-kaebling:1986a,
  author = {Stanley J. Rosenschein and Leslie P. Kaebling},
  title = {The Synthesis of Digital Machines With Provable Epistemic
  	Properties},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {83--98},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;cognitive-robotics;foundations-of-robotics;}  
  } 

@article{ rosenschein_sj:1987a,
  author = {Stanley J. Rosenschein},
  title = {The Logicist Conception of Knowledge is Too Narrow---But
  	So is {M}c{D}ermott's},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {208--209},
  xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rosenschein_sj:1989a,
  author = {Stanley J. Rosenschein},
  title = {Synthesizing Information-Tracking Automata from Environment
  	Descriptions},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {386--393},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;cognitive-robotics;epistemic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ rosenschein_sj-kaelbling:1995a,
  author = {Stanley J. Rosenschein and Leslie Pack Kaelbling},
  title = {A Situated View of Representation and Control},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {73},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {149--173},
  topic = {cognitive-robotics;foundations-of-robotics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rosenthal:1986a,
  author = {David M. Rosenthal},
  title = {Intentionality},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {151--184},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {intentionality;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rosner:1991a,
  author = {Mike Rosner},
  title = {Dialogue Games and Constraints},
  booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and
  	Discourse},
  publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Harold L. Somers},
  pages = {1--4},
  address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway},
  topic = {context;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ rosner-johnson_n:1992a,
  editor = {Michael Rosner and Roderick Johnson},
  title = {Computational Linguistics and Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052141959X},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Martin Kay, "Unification"
     2. Jens Erik Fenstad and Tore Langholm and Espen Vestre,
     		"Representations and interpretations"
     3. Barbara H. Partee, "Syntactic categories and semantic type"
     4. Johan van Benthem, "Fine-Structure in categorial semantics"
     5. Raymond Turner, "Properties, propositions and semantic theory"
     6. Per-Kristian Halvorsen, "Algorithms for semantic intrepretation"
     7. C.J. Rupp and Roderick Johnson and Michael Rosner, "Situation
     		schemata and linguistic representation"
     8. Sergei Nirenburg and Christine Defrise, "Application-oriented
     		computational semantics"
     9. Yorick Wilks, "Form and content in semantics"
    10. Margaret King, "Epilogue, on the relation between computational
    		linguistics and formal semantics"
   } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;nlp-and-linguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ ross_j:1997a,
  author = {Jeff Ross},
  title = {The Semantics of Media},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {Media are phrases like "in the picture", "in the
  	story".},
  topic = {nl-semantics;propositional-attitudes;fiction;counterfactuals;
  	world-building;}  
 } 

@book{ ross_jf:1981a,
  author = {J.F. Ross},
  title = {Portraying Analogy},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: lycan:1988a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;analogy;metaphor;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ ross_jr:1964a,
  author = {John Robert Ross},
  title = {The Grammar of Measure Phrases in {E}nglish},
  year = {1964},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, MIT.},
  topic = {measures;} 
  } 

@book{ ross_jr:1968a,
  author = {John R. Ross},
  title = {Constraints on Variables in Syntax},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;nl-syntax;syntactic-islands;
  	conditions-on-transformations;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ross_jr:1972a,
  author = {John R. Ross},
  title = {Act},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Gilbert Harman and Donald Davidson},
  pages = {70--126},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ ross_wd:1930a,
  author = {William David Ross},
  title = {The Right and the Good},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1930},
  topic = {ethics;deontology;}  
    } 

@book{ ross_wd:1963a,
  author = {William David Ross},
  title = {The Right and the Good},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1963},
  address = {Oxford},
  title = {Fat Child Meets {DRT}:  A Semantic Representation for the Opening
  	Lines of {K}aschnitz' ``{D}as {D}icke {K}ind''},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2/3},
  pages = {237--305},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rossi-montanari:1989a,
  author = {Francesca Rossi and Ugo Montanari},
  title = {Exact Solution in Linear Time of Networks of Constraints
  	Using Perfect Relaxation},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {394--399},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;constraint-networks;complexity-in-AI;kr-course;
  	relaxation-methods;}  
  } 

@book{ rotenstreich:1985a,
  author = {Nathan Rotenstreich},
  title = {Reflection and Action},
  publisher = {Martinus Nijhoff Publishers},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@article{ roth:1964a,
  author = {Paul Roth},
  title = {Paradox and Indeterminacy},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {78},
  number = {24},
  pages = {347--367},
  topic = {indeterminacy-of-translation;} 
  } 

@article{ roth_a:2000a,
  author = {Abe Roth},
  title = {Review of {\it Trying without Willing:  An Essay in 
  	the Philosophy of Mind}, by {T}imothy {C}leveland},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {109},
  number = {4},
  pages = {621--624},
  xref = {Review of cleveland:1997a.},
  topic = {volition;action;}  
  } 

@article{ roth_d:1996a,
  author = {Dan Roth},
  title = {On the Hardness of Approximate Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {82},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {273--302},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ roth_md-ross_g:1990a,
  editor = {Michael D. Roth and Glenn Ross},
  title = {Doubting: Contemporary Perspectives On Skepticism},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792305760},
  topic = {skepticism;}  
 } 

@article{ roth_y-jain:1994a,
  author = {Yuval Roth and Ramesh Jain},
  title = {Knowledge Caching for Sensor-Based Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {71},
  number = {2},
  pages = {257--280},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Sensor-based systems must interact with their environments while
     extracting crucial information, necessary for their performance,
     from the sensors.  In most cases, the projection from the
     environment to the signal is many-to-one, resulting in
     irrecoverable information about the environment.  To recover
     this information assumptions must be made.  Considering the
     complexity of the world, we posit that intricate assumptions are
     necessary for recovering the information.  More assumptions
     require larger knowledge bases, making the performance of the
     system slower than acceptable.  To avoid the crippling effects of
     large knowledge bases, we accept additional assumptions about
     the structure of the working environments and the interaction of
     systems with their environments along different dimensions.
     These assumptions allow systems to dynamically hide large
     portions of knowledge that are irrelevant at a given time.  We
     call this approach knowledge caching.  We introduce an
     implementation of this approach in the context-based caching
     (CbC) technique in which knowledge items are swapped based on
     precompiled relations between knowledge items.  This technique
     enhances system performance providing it with the right
     information at the right time.},
  topic = {agent-environment-interaction;}  
  } 

@book{ rothstein:1985a,
  author = {Susan D. Rothstein},
  title = {The Syntactic Forms of Predication},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club,},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Bloomington},
  ISBN = {0521380561},
  topic = {predication;predicate-adjectives;}  
 } 

@book{ rothstein:1998a,
  editor = {Susan Rothstein},
  title = {Events and Grammar},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {079234940},
  topic = {events;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ rothstein:1999a,
  author = {Susan D. Rothstein},
  title = {Fine-Grained Structure in the Eventuality Domain:
  	The Semantics of Predicative Adjectives and {\it Be}},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {347--420},
  topic = {eventualities;predicate-adjectives;}  
  } 

@book{ rothstein:2000a,
  author = {Susan Rothstein},
  title = {Predicates and Their Subjects},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792364090},
  topic = {predication;predicate-adjectives;}  
 } 

@book{ rothstein_s:2000a,
  author = {Susan Rothstein},
  title = {Predicates and Their Subjects},
  publisher = {Kluwer},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792364090 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {predication;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ rott:1987a,
  author = {Hans Rott},
  title = {Ways of Triviality in Conditional Languages},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Munich.},
  topic = {conditionals;probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ rott:1988a,
  author = {Hans Rott},
  title = {Conditionals and Theory Change: Revisions, Expansions,
  		and Additions},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, said to be forthcoming
  	in Synthese.},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rott:1990a,
  author = {Hans Rott},
  title = {Updates, Conditionals, and Non-Monotonicity},
  booktitle = {Conditionals, Defaults, and Belief Revision},
  publisher = {Institut f\"ur maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung,
  		Universit\"at Stuttgart},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Dyana Deliverable R2.5.A.},
  editor = {Hans Kamp},
  pages = {65--77},
  address = {Stuttgart},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ rott:1991a,
  author = {Hans Rott},
  title = {Two Methods of Constructing Contractions and Revisions in
		Knowledge Systems},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {149--173},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rott:1992a,
  author = {Hans Rott},
  title = {On the Logic of Theory Change: More Maps Between Different
  	Kinds of Contraction Function},
  booktitle = {Belief Revision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors},
  pages = {122--141},
  address = {Cambridge},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ rott:1992b,
  author = {Hans Rott},
  title = {Preferential Belief Change Using Generalized Epistemic
  	Entrenchment},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {45--78},
  topic = {belief-revision;epistemic-entrenchment;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ rott:1998a,
  author = {Hans Rott},
  title = {Logic and Choice},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {235--248},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {belief-revision;will-to-believe;decision-theory;
  	model-preference;}  
  } 

@article{ rott-pagnucco:1999a,
  author = {Hans Rott and Maurice Pagnucco},
  title = {Severe Withdrawal (and Recovery)},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {5},
  pages = {501--547},
  note = {Corrected version published in {\it Journal of Philosophical
  	Logic} (2000), vol. 29, no. 1.},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ rott:2000a,
  author = {Hans Rott},
  title = {Two Dogmas of Belief Revision},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {9},
  pages = {503--522},
  topic = {Quine;belief-revision;coherence;}  
  } 

@article{ rott:2000b,
  author = {Hans Rott},
  title = {Words in Contexts: {F}regean Elucidations},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {6},
  pages = {621--641},
  topic = {nl-semantics;Frege;compositionality;context;}  
  } 

@article{ rott-pagnucco:2000a,
  author = {Hans Rott and Maurice Pagnucco},
  title = {Severe Withdrawal (and Recovery)},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {5},
  pages = {501--547},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ roulet:1992a,
  author = {Eddy Roulet},
  title = {On the Structure of Conversation as Negotiation},
  booktitle = {(On) {S}earle on Conversation},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Herman Parret and Jef Verschueren},
  pages = {91--99},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ rounds-zhang_gq:1995a,
  author = {William Rounds and Quoquiang Zhang},
  title = {Domain Theory Meets Default Logic},
  journal = {Logic and Computation},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {1--25},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {domain-theory;default-logic;nm-ling;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ rounds-zhang_gq:1995b,
  author = {William C. Rounds and Quoquiang Zhang},
  title = {Suggestions for a Non-Monotonic Feature Logic},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Available by anonymous ftp from ftp.cwi.nl in directory
  	pub/rounds.},
  topic = {default-unification;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rounds:1996a,
  author = {William C. Rounds},
  title = {Feature Logics},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  pages = {475--533},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {feature-structure-grammar;feature-structure-logic;
  	unification;grammar-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ rounds-zhang_gq:forthcominga,
  author = {William Rounds and Guo-Qiang Zhang},
  title = {Logical Considerations on Default Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Mathematics},
  year = {forthcoming},
  topic = {nm-ling;default-unification;}  
 } 

@article{ rouse:1991a,
  author = {Joseph Rouse},
  title = {Indeterminacy, Empirical Evidence, and Methodological
  	Pluralism},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {86},
  number = {3},
  pages = {443--465},
  topic = {indeterminacy-of-translation;philosophy-of-science;
  	philosophy-of-social-science;}  
  } 

@incollection{ roussel_d-halber:1997a,
  author = {David Roussel and Ariane Halber},
  title = {Filtering Errors and Repairing Linguistic Anomalies for
  	Spoken Dialogue Systems},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {74--81},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;nl-processing;speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@techreport{ roussel_p:1975a,
  author = {P. Roussel},
  title = {{\sc Prolog:} Manuel d'Utilization},
  institution = {Rapport Interne, F.I.A., {UER} de {LUMINY}},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Universite d'Aix-Marseille},
  contentnote = {This is evidently the first description of
  	Prolog, it is referred to by some of the early NM papers.},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {Prolog;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ routen:1989a,
  author = {Thomas Routen},
  year = {1989},
  title = {Hierarchically Organised Formalisations},
  booktitle = {Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence
     and Law},
  pages = {242--250},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery, New York City},
  topic = {legal-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ routley-etal:1974a,
  author = {Richard Routley and Robert K. Meyer and L. Goddard},
  title = {Choice and Descripton in Enriched Intensional
  	Languages---{I}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {291--316},
  topic = {intensional-logic;definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@article{ routley_r-meyer:1972a,
  author = {Richard Routley and Robert K. Meyer},
  title = {The Semantics of Entailment III},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {192--208},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ routley_r-meyer:1972b,
  author = {Richard Routley and Robert K. Meyer},
  title = {The Semantics of Entailment {II}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--73},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ routley_r-routley_v:1972a,
  author = {Richard Routley and V. Routley},
  title = {Semantics of First-Degree Entailment},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {335--359},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ routley_r:1975a,
  author = {Richard Routley},
  title = {Universal Semantics?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {357--356},
  topic = {nl-semantics;indexicality;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ rovine-voneye:1990a,
  editor = {Michael Rovine and Alexander von Eye},
  title = {Applied Computational Statistics in Longitudinal Research},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {statistics;}  
 } 

@book{ rowe:1993a,
  author = {Robert Rowe},
  title = {Interactive Music Systems: Machine Listening and Composing},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262181495},
  xref = {Review: handelman:1996a.},
  topic = {AI-and-music;}  
 } 

@book{ rowley:1993a,
  editor = {Charles K. Rowley},
  title = {Social Choice Theory},
  publisher = {Aldershot},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Brookfield, Vermont},
  topic = {social-choice-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ roy_b:1977a,
  author = {B. Roy},
  title = {Partial Preference Analysis and Decision-AID: The Fuzzy
  	Outranking Relation Concept},
  booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  pages = {40--75},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-analysis;preference;preference-elicitation;}  
  } 

@article{ roy_t:1993a,
  author = {Tony Roy},
  title = {Worlds and Modality},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {102},
  number = {3},
  pages = {335--361},
  topic = {foundations-of-modal-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ royakkers:1998a,
  author = {Lamb\`er M.M. Royakkers},
  title = {Extending Deontic Logic for the Formalization of
  	Legal Rules},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Review: bailhache:1999a.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;logic-and-law;}  
 } 

@article{ royakkers:2000a,
  author = {L.M.M. Royakkers},
  title = {Review of {\it Logical Tools for Modeling Legal
  	Argument: A Study ofDefeasible Reasoning in Law}, by
	{H}enry {P}rakken},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {397--387},
  xref = {Review of prakken:1997c.},
  topic = {logic-and-law;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ rozenberg-salomaa:1994a,
  editor = {Grzegorz Rozenberg and Arto Salomaa},
  title = {Developments In Language Theory: At the Crossroads of
  	Mathematics, Computer Science and Biology},
  publisher = {World Scientific},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Singapore},
  ISBN = {9810216459},
  topic = {formal-language-theory;}  
 } 

@techreport{ rubenstein:1985a,
  author = {Ariel Rubenstein},
  title = {Finite Automata Play the Repeated Prisoner's Dilemma},
  institution = {London School of Economics},
  year = {1985},
  address = {London},
  note = {ST/ICERD Discussion Paper 85/109.},
  topic = {prisoner's-dilemma;}  
  } 

@article{ rubenstein:1989a,
  author = {Ariel Rubenstein},
  title = {The Electonic Mail Game: Strategic Behavior Under
  	`Almost Common Knowledge'\, } ,
  journal = {American Economic Review},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {79},
  pages = {385--391},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {mutual-belief;decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ rubenstein-wolinsky:1990a,
  author = {Ariel Rubenstein and A. Wolinsky},
  title = {On the Logic of `Agreeing to Disagree' Type Results},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Theory},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {51},
  pages = {184--193},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {mutual-belief;bargaining-theory;}  
  } 

@techreport{ rubine:1991a,
  author = {Dean Harris Rubine},
  title = {The Automatic Recognition of Gestures},
  institution = {School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
  	University},
  number = {CMU-CS-91-202},
  address = {Pittsburgh},
  year = {1991},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
  	Gesture-based interfaces, in which the user
    specifies commands by simple freehand drawings, offer an alternative
    to traditional keyboard, menu, and direct manipulation interfaces.
    The ability to specify objects, an operation, and additional
    parameters with a single intuitive gesture makes gesture-based
    systems appealing to both novice and experienced users.
    Unfortunately, the difficulty in building gesture-based systems has
    prevented such systems from being adequately explored.  This
    dissertation presents work that attempts to alleviate two of the
    major difficulties:  the construction of gesture classifiers and the
    integration of gestures into direct-manipulation interfaces.  Three
    example gesture- based applications were built to demonstrate this
    work. Gesture-based systems require classifiers to distinguish
    between the possible gestures a user may enter.  In the past,
    classifiers have often been hand-coded for each new application,
    making them difficult to build, change, and maintain.  This
    dissertation applies elementary statistical pattern recognition
    techniques to produce gesture classifiers that are trained by
    example, greatly simplifying their creation and maintenance.  Both
    single-path gestures (drawn with a mouse or stylus) and
    multiple-path gestures (consisting of the simultaneous paths of
    multiple fingers) may be classified. On a 1 MIPS workstation, a
    30-class single-path recognizer takes 175 milliseconds to train
    (once the examples have been entered), and classification takes 9
    milliseconds, typically achieving 97% accuracy.  A method for
    classifying a gesture as soon as it is unambiguous is also
    presented.  This dissertation also describes GRANDMA, a toolkit for
    building gesture-based applications based on Smalltalk's
    Model/View/Controller paradigm.  Using GRANDMA, one associates sets
    of gesture classes with individual views or entire view classes.  A
    gesture class can be specified at runtime by entering a few examples
    of the class, typically 15. The semantics of a gesture class can be
    specified at runtime via a simple programming interface.  Besides
    allowing for easy experimentation with gesture-based interfaces,
    GRANDMA sports a novel input architecture, capable of supporting
    multiple input devices and multi-threaded dialogues.  The notion of
    virtual tools and semantic feedback are shown to arise naturally
    from GRANDMA's approach.
   } ,
  topic = {gestures;nl-interpretation;nl-understanding;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ rubinoff:1992a,
  author= {Robert Rubinoff},
  title= {Negotiation, Feedback, and Perspective Within Natural Language
         Generation},
  school= {Department of Computer and Information Science,
     	University of Pennsylvania},
  address= {Philadephia, PA},
  year= {1992},
  month= {December},
  note= {Available as Technical Report MS-CIS-92-91.},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;negotiation-subdialogs;
  	pragmatics;}  
} 

@incollection{ rubinoff:1992b,
  author = {Robert Rubinoff},
  title = {Integrating Text Planning and Linguistic Choice by
  	Annotating Linguistic Structures},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
  	Natural Language Generation, Trento, Italy},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert Dale and Eduard Hovy and Dieter Roesner and
  	Oliviero Stock},
  pages = {45--56},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag. Lecture Notes in Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  topic = {nl-generation;text-planning;}  
} 

@article{ rubinoff:2000a,
  author = {Robert Rubinoff},
  title = {Integrating Text Planning and Linguistic Choice
  	without Abandoning Modularity: The {IGEN} Generator},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {107--138},
  topic = {text-planning;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@article{ rubinstein:1996a,
  author = {Ariel Rubinstein},
  title = {Why Are Certain Properties of Binary Relations Relatively
  	More Common in Natural Languages},
  journal = {Econometrica},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {63},
  number = {2},
  pages = {343--355},
  topic = {nl-semantics;lexicalization;}  
  } 

@book{ rubinstein:1996b1,
  author = {Ariel Rubinstein},
  title = {Lectures on Modeling Bounded Rationality},
  publisher = {Catholique University of Louvain},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Louvain},
  xref = {Republication: rubinstein:1996b2.},
  topic = {limited-rationality;bounded-agents;}  
 } 

@book{ rubinstein:1996b2,
  author = {Ariel Rubinstein},
  title = {Lectures on Modeling Bounded Rationality},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of rubinstein:1996b1.},
  topic = {limited-rationality;bounded-agents;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ruch-etal:2000a,
  author = {Patrick Ruch and Robert Baud and Pierette Bouillon and Gilbert
    	    Robert},
  title = {Minimal Commitment and Full Lexical Disambiguation:
	    Balancing Rules and Hidden {M}arkov Models},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {111--114},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;hidden-Markov-models;
  	lexical-disambiguation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rucker_r-aldowaisan:1992a,
  author = {Rob Rucker Tariq A. Aldowaisan},
  title = {A Design Approach for Constructing Engineering Scenario
  	Maps},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {419--440},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;spatial-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ rucker_rvb:1978a,
  author = {Rudolf v.B. Rucker},
  title = {The {B}erry Paradox},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Universit\"at Heidelberg},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;Berry-paradox;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rucker_rvb:1978b,
  author = {Rudolf v.B. Rucker},
  title = {The One/Many Problem in the Foundations of Set Theory},
  booktitle = {Logic Colloquium 76},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Robin O. Gandy and J.M.E. Hyland},
  pages = {567--593},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ rudinow:1974a,
  author = {Joel Rudinow},
  title = {On the Slippery Slope},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {34},
  pages = {173--176},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ rudner:1953a,
  author = {Richard Rudner},
  title = {The Scientist qua Scientist Makes Value Judgements},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1953},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--6},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@article{ rueger:2000a,
  author = {Alexander Rueger},
  title = {Robust Supervenience and Emergence},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {466--489},
  topic = {supervenience;emergence;}  
  } 

@article{ rullmann:1999a,
  author = {Sigrid Beck and Hotze Rullmann},
  title = {A Flexible Approach to Exhaustivity in Questions},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {249--298},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rumelhart:1989a,
  author = {David E. Rumelhart},
  title = {The Architecture of Mind: A Connectionist Approach},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {4},
  pages = {133--159},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {connectionism;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@article{ rumfitt:1994a,
  author = {Ian Rumfitt},
  title = {Frege's Theory of Predication: An Elaboration and Defense,
  	with Some New Applications},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {103},
  number = {4},
  pages = {599--637},
  topic = {Frege;predication;}  
  } 

@article{ rumfitt:1995a,
  author = {Ian Rumfitt},
  title = {Truth Conditions and Communication},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {104},
  number = {416},
  pages = {827--862},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ rumfitt:2001a,
  author = {Ian Rumfitt},
  title = {Hume's Principle and the Number of All Objects},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {35},
  number = {4},
  pages = {515--541},
  topic = {Frege;formalizations-of-arithmetic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rundle:1965a,
  author = {Bede Rundle},
  title = {Modality and Quantification},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1965},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {27--39},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@book{ rundle:1997a,
  author = {Bede Rundle},
  title = {Mind in Action},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {action;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@article{ rupert:2001a,
  author = {Robert D. Rupert},
  title = {Coining Terms in the Language of Thought: Innateness,
  	Emergence, and the Lot of {C}ummins's Argument against
	the Causal Theory},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {97},
  number = {1},
  pages = {499--530},
  topic = {mental-language;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rupp:1991a,
  author = {C.J. Rupp},
  title = {Quantifiers and Circumstances},
  booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and
  	Discourse},
  publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Harold L. Somers},
  pages = {74--102},
  address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ rupp-etal:1994a,
  editor = {C.J. Rupp and M.A. Rosner and R.L. Johnson},
  title = {Constraints, Language and Computation},
  publisher = {Academic},
  year = {1994},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0125979304},
  contentnote = {The papers in this collection arose out of a workshop
    entitled "Constraint propagation, linguistic description and
    computation" held at IDSIA, Lugano in late 1991.},
  topic = {nl-processing;grammar-formalisms;constraint-based-grammar;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ruspini:1991a,
  author = {Enrique H. Ruspini},
  title = {On Truth and utility},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {297--304},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {many-valued-logic;utility;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ russ:1992a,
  author = {Thomas A. Russ},
  title = {Adding Time to a Knowledge Representation Language},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {83--85},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ russell-norvig:1995a,
  author = {Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall International},
  year = {1995},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0-13-103805-2},
  xref = {Review: duboulay:2001a},
  topic = {AI-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ russell_b:1903a,
  author = {Bertrand Russell},
  title = {The Principles of Mathematics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1903},
  month = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;logic-classics;}  
  } 

@article{ russell_b:1905a1,
  author = {Bertrand Russell},
  title = {On Denoting},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1905},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {479--493},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republications: russell_b:1905a2.},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;philosophy-classics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ russell_b:1905a2,
  author = {Bertrand Russell},
  title = {On Denoting},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {184--193},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Republication of: russell_b:1905a1.},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;philosophy-classics;}  
  } 

@book{ russell_b:1921a,
  author = {Bertrand Russell},
  title = {The Analysis of Mind},
  publisher = {Allen and Unwin},
  year = {1921},
  address = {London},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@article{ russell_b:1923a1,
  author = {Bertrand Russell},
  title = {Vagueness},
  journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy and Psychology},
  year = {1923},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {84--92},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: russell_b:1923a2.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ russell_b:1923a2,
  author = {Bertrand Russell},
  title = {Vagueness},
  booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {61--68},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of: russell_b:1923a1.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@book{ russell_b:1937a,
  author = {Bertrand Russell},
  title = {The Principles of Mathematics},
  publisher = {George Allen and Unwin},
  year = {1937},
  address = {London},
  edition = {2},
  topic = {logic-classics;higher-order-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ russell_b:1957a,
  author = {Bertrand Russell},
  title = {Mysticism and Logic},
  publisher = {Doubleday},
  year = {1957},
  address = {Garden City, New York},
  contentnote = {Has Russell's views on causality.},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy-causality;}  
 } 

@article{ russell_b:1957b,
  author = {Bertrand Russell},
  title = {Mr. {S}trawson on Referring},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1957},
  volume = {66},
  pages = {385--395},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ russell_b:1983a,
  title = {The Collected Papers of {B}ertrand {R}ussell, Volume 9},
  editor = {E. James and J. Slater et al.},
  publisher = {Allen \& Unwin/Unwin Hyman},
  year = {1983},
  address = {London},
  topic = {analytical-philosophy;}  
} 

@article{ russell_dm:1984a,
  author = {Daniel M. Russell},
  title = {Review of {\ it Planning and Understanding: A
  	Computational Approach to Human Reasoning}, by {R}obert
	{W}ilensky},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2},
  pages = {239--242},
  xref = {Review of wilensky:1983a.},
  topic = {planning;nl-interpretation;plan-recognition;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ russell_g-etal:1991a,
  author = {Graham Russell and John Carroll and Susan Warwick},
  title = {Multiple Default Inheritance in a Unification-Based Lexicon},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 29th Meeting of the Association for
  	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Douglas Appelt},
  pages = {215--211},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Morristown, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {This appears to be an informal version of default
  	unification.  It mentions irregular verbs in English and
	German and some simple spelling rules.},
  topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;nm-ling;default-unification;}  
 } 

@article{ russell_sj:1987a,
  author = {Stuart J. Russell},
  title = {Rationality as an Explanation of Language?},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {730--731},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {pragmatics;relevance;implicature;}  
  } 

@incollection{ russell_sj-grosof:1989a,
  author = {Stuart J. Russell and Benjamin N. Grosof},
  title = {A Sketch of Autonomous Learning Using Declarative Bias},
  booktitle = {Machine Learning, Meta-Reasoning, and Logics},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {P. Brazdil and Kurt Konolige},
  address = {Dordrechr},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name, pages.},
  topic = {machine-learning;autonomous-agents;}  
  } 

@incollection{ russell_sj-wefald:1989a1,
  author = {Stuart J. Russell and Eric Wefald},
  title = {Principles of Metareasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {400--411},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: russell_sj-wefald:1989a2.},
  topic = {kr;limited-rationality;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ russell_sj-wefald:1989a2,
  author = {Stuart J. Russell and Eric Wefald},
  title = {Principles of Metareasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {49},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {361--395},
  xref = {Conference Publication: russell_sj-wefald:1989a1.},
  topic = {metareasoning;practical-reasoning;limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@book{ russell_sj-wefald:1991a,
  author = {Stuart J. Russell and Eric Wefald},
  title = {Do the Right Thing},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {limited-rationality;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ russell_sj:1995a1,
  author = {Stuart J. Russell},
  title = {Rationality and Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {950--957},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  xref = {russell_s:1995a2},
  topic = {limited-rationality;foundations-of-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ russell_sj:1995a2,
  author = {Stuart J. Russell},
  title = {Rationality and Intelligence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {57--77},
  xref = {russell_s:1995a1},
  topic = {resource-limited-reasoning;rationality;}  
  } 

@book{ russell_sj-norvig:1995a,
  author = {Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0131038052},
  topic = {AI-intro;}  
 } 

@incollection{ rustichini:1992a,
  author = {Aldo Rustichini},
  title = {Decision theory with Higher Order Beliefs},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {118--131},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {decision-theory;foundations-of-utility;belief;}  
  } 

@book{ rustin:1973a,
  editor = {Randall Rustin},
  title = {Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Algorithmics Press},
  year = {1973},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {nlp-survey;}  
 } 

@article{ ruth:1976a,
  author = {Gregory R. Ruth},
  title = {Intelligent Program Analysis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--85},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In order to examine the possibilities of using a computer as an
     aid to teaching programming, a prototype intelligent program
     analyzer has been constructed.  Its design assumes that a system
     cannot analyze a program unless it can ``understand'' it;
     understanding being based on a knowledge of what must be
     accomplished and how code is used to express the intentions.
      It was found that a one-page description of two common sorting
     algorithms or of some common approximation problems was
     sufficient for the computer to understand and analyze a wide
     variety of programs and identify and describe almost all errors.  } ,
  topic = {automatic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ rutherford:1970a,
  author = {W.E. Rutherford},
  title = {Some Observations Concerning Subordinate Clauses in
  	{E}nglish},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {46},
  pages = {97--115},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ ruttenburg:1999a,
  author = {Wim Ruttenburg},
  title = {Basic Logic, K4, and Persistence},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {343--352},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ ruys:1995a,
  author = {E. Ruys},
  title = {The Scope of Indefinites},
  school = {University of Utrecht},
  year = {1995},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Utrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, department},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifier-scope;indefinites;}  
 } 

@book{ ruzsa-szabolcsi:1987a,
  editor = {Imre Ruzsa and Anna Szabolski},
  title = {Proceedings of the '87 Symposium on Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Akad\'emiai Kiad\'o},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Budapest},
  contentnote = {TC:
        1. Johan van der Auwera, "Are actives and passives
		truth-conditionally equivalent?"
        2. Laszlo Hunyadi, "On the logical role of stress"
        3. Laszlo Maracz, "Wh-Strategies in Hungarian: Data and Theory"
        4. Z. Kanski, "Logical symmetry and natural language reciprocals"
        5. Sjaak de Mey, "Transitive sentences and the property of logicality"
        7. S. Lobner, "The conceptual nature of natural language
		quantification"
        8. L Kalman, "Generics, common-sense reasoning, and monotonicity in
				discourse representation theory"
        9. L Polos, "DRT and structured domains (typed or type-free?)"
       10. V Rantala, "Interpreting Narratives: Some Logical Questions"
       11. C Casadio, "Extending categorial grammar (An analysis of word
				order and cliticization in Italian)"
       12. A Szabolski, "On combinatory categorial grammar"
       13. A Strigin, "Logic for syntax"
       14. A Ranta, "Prospects for type-theoretical semantics for natural
				language"
       15. J Peregrin, "Intersubstitutivity scales and negation"
       16. A Madarisz, "Semantic games and semantic value gaps"
       17. K Wuttch, "An epistemic logic without normality propositions"
       18. E. Smirnova, "An approach to non-standard semantics and
       		the foundation of logical systems"
       19. H. Wessel, "Non-traditional predication theory and its applications"
       20. I Ruzsa, "On internal and external negation"
	},
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ ruzsa:1997a,
  author = {Imre Ruzsa},
  title = {Introduction to Metalogic},
  publisher = {\'Aron Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Budapest},
  topic = {first-order-logic;computability;higher-order-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ ryan:1992a,
  author = {Mark Ryan},
  title = {Representing Defaults as Sentences with Reduced Priority},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {649--660},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;inheritabce-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ryan:1996a,
  author = {Mark Ryan},
  title = {Belief Revision and Ordered Theory Presentations},
  booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in
  	Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott},
  pages = {129--151},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ryan-etal:1996a1,
  author = {Mark Ryan and Pierre-Yves Schobbens and Odinaldo Rodrigues},
  title = {Counterfactuals and Updates as Inverse Modalities
  	(Preliminary Version)},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {163--174},
  address = {San Francisco},
  xref = {Journal publication: ryan-schobbens:1996a2.},
  topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;Ramsey-test;}  
  } 

@article{ ryan-schobbens:1996a2,
  author = {Mark Ryan and Pierre-Yves Schobbens},
  title = {Counterfactuals and Updates as Inverse Modalities},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {123--146},
  xref = {Conference publication: ryan-etal:1996a1.},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;Ramsey-test;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rychtyckyj:1996a,
  author = {Nestor Rychtyckyj},
  title = {{DLMS}: An Extension of {KL-ONE} in the Automobile Industry},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {588--596},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;applications-of-KL1;
		applied-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ rychtyckyj-reynolds:2000a,
  author = {Nestor Rychtyckyj and Robert C. Reynolds},
  title = {Long-Term Maintainability of Deployed Knowledge
  	Representation Systems},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {494--504},
  topic = {kr-systems;software-engineering;}  
  } 

@article{ ryckman:1993a,
  author = {T.A. Ryckman},
  title = {Review of {\it The Semantic Tradition from {K}ant
  	to {C}arnap: to the {V}ienna Station}, by {J}. {A}lberto
	{C}offa},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {102},
  number = {4},
  pages = {597--599},
  xref = {Review of: coffa:1991a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;logical-positivism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ rymon:1992a,
  author = {Ron Rymon},
  title = {Search through Systematic Set Enumeration},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {539--550},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;search;}  
  } 

@article{ rymon:1996a,
  author = {Ron Rymon},
  title = {Goal-Directed Diagnosis---A Diagnostic Reasoning
  	Framework for Exploratory-Corrective Domains},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {84},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {257--297},
  topic = {diagnosis;intention-maintenance;planning;}  
  } 

@article{ rysiew:2001a,
  author = {Patrick Rysiew},
  title = {The Context-Sensitivity of Knowledge Attributions},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {35},
  number = {4},
  pages = {477--514},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;context;knowledge;skepticism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ryu-lee_r:1994a,
  author = {Y. Ryu and R. Lee},
  title = {Defeasible Deontic Reasoning:  A Logic Programming Model},
  booktitle = {Deontic Logic in Computer Science: Normative System
  	Specification},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer and R.J. Wieringa},
  pages = {225--241},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {deontic-logic;logic-programing;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ saarinen:1975a,
  author = {Esa Saarinen},
  title = {Continuity and Similarity in Cross-Identification},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy, University
	of Helsinki},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {individuation;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ saarinen:1975b,
  author = {Esa Saarinen},
  title = {Propositional Attitudes, Anaphora, and Backwards-Looking
	Operators},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy, University
	of Helsinki},
  topic = {individuation;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ saarinen:1976a,
  author = {Esa Saarinen},
  title = {Intentional Identity Interpreted},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy, University
	of Helsinki},
  address = {Helsinki, Finland},
  topic = {intentional-identity;}  
  } 

@techreport{ saarinen:1977a,
  author = {Esa Saarinen},
  title = {Backwards-Looking Operators in Intensional Logic and
  	in Philosophical Analysis: A Summary},
  institution = {Department of Philosophy, University
	of Helsinki},
  number = {7},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Helsinki, Finland},
  topic = {modal-logic;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ saarinen:1977b,
  author = {Esa Saarinen},
  title = {Backards-Looking Operators in Tense Logic and in
  	Natural Language},
  institution = {Department of Philosophy, University of Helsinki},
  number = {4},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Helsinki, Finland},
  topic = {temporal-logic;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ saarinen:1977c,
  author = {Esa Saarinen},
  title = {Propositional Attitudes, Anaphora, and Backards-Looking
  	Operators},
  institution = {Department of Philosophy, University of Helsinki},
  number = {6},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Helsinki, Finland},
  topic = {anaphora;intensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ saarinen:1977d,
  author = {Esa Saarinen},
  title = {Game-Theoretical-Semantics},
  journal = {The Monist},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {60},
  pages = {406--418},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ saarinen:1978a,
  author = {Esa Saarinen},
  title = {Quantifier Phrases are (at Least) Five Ways Ambiguous
		in Intensional Contexts},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy, University
	of Helsinki},
  topic = {ambiguity;nl-quantifier-scope;intensionality;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ saarinen:1978b,
  author = {Esa Saarinen},
  title = {A Refutation of {T}homason's Argument that Indirect
		Discourse is not Quotational},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy, University
	of Helsinki},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {syntactic-attitudes;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ saarinen:1978c,
  author = {Esa Saarinen},
  title = {Intsnsional Identity Interpreted},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {151--223},
  topic = {intentional-identity;}  
  } 

@book{ saarinen:1979a,
  editor = {Esa Saarinen},
  title = {Game-Theoretical Semantics: Essays on Semantics},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027709181},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ saarinen-etal:1979a,
  editor = {Esa Saarinen and Risto Hilpinen and Ilkka Niiniluoto and
  	Merrill Province Hintikka},
  title = {Essays in Honor of {J}aakko {H}intikka},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ saarinen:1982a,
  author = {Esa Saarinen},
  title = {Linguistic Intuitions and Reductionism: Comments on {K}atz'
  	Paper},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {296--315},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ saarinen:1994a,
  author = {Esa Saarinen},
  title = {Propositional Attitudes Are Not Attitudes towards
  	Propositions},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {130--162},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;intensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ saaty:1994a,
  author = {Thomas L. Saaty},
  title = {How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process},
  journal = {Interfaces},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {24},
  number = {6},
  pages = {19--43},
  topic = {decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ saba-corriveau:2001a,
  author = {Walid S. Saba and Jean-Pierre Corriveau},
  title = {Plausible Reasoning and the Resolution of Quantifier Scope
        Ambiguities},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {2},
  pages = {271--289},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;
  	nonmonotonic-logic;nl-quantifier-scope;}  
  } 

@article{ sablon-etal:1994a,
  author = {Gunther Sablon and Luc De Raedt and Maurice Bruynooghe},
  title = {Iterative Versionspaces},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {393--409},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     An incremental depth-first algorithm for computing the S- and
     G-set of Mitchell's Candidate Elimination and Mellish's
     Description Identification algorithm is presented.  As in
     Mellish's approach, lowerbounds (examples) as well as
     upperbounds can be handled.  Instead of storing the complete S-
     and G-sets, only one element s S and g G is stored, together
     with backtrack information.  The worst-case space complexity of
     our algorithm is linear in the number of lower- and upperbounds.
     For the Candidate Elimination algorithm this can be exponential.
     We introduce a test for membership of S and G with a number of
     coverage tests linear in the number of examples.  Consequently
     the worst-case time complexity to compute S and G for each
     example is only a linear factor worse than the Candidate
     Elimination algorithm's.  } ,
  topic = {concept-learning;version-spaces;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ sacerdoti:1974a,
  author = {Earl D. Sacerdoti.},
  title = {Planning in a Hierarchy of Abstraction Spaces},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {115--135},
  year = {1974},
  topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;}  
 } 

@book{ sacerdoti:1977a,
  author = {Earl D. Sacerdoti},
  title = {A Structure for Plans and Behavior},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {planning;}  
 } 

@article{ sachs:1963a,
  author = {David Sachs},
  title = {A Fallacy in {P}lato's {R}epublic},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {72},
  pages = {141--158},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {Plato;ethics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ sacks:1989a,
  author = {Elisha Sacks},
  title = {Automatic Analysis of One-Parameter Planar Ordinary 
  	Differential Equations by Intelligent Numeric Simulation},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	Princeton University.},
  topic = {dynamic-systems;qualitative-differential-equations;}  
  } 

@book{ sacks:1992a,
  author = {Harvey Sacks},
  title = {Lectures on Conversation},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Edited by Gail Jefferson.},
  topic = {ethnomethodology;conversation-analysis;sociolinguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ sacks_e:1990a,
  author = {Elisha Sacks},
  title = {A Dynamic Systems Perspective On Qualitative Simulation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {42},
  number = {3},
  pages = {349--362},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@article{ sacks_e:1990b,
  author = {Elisha Sacks},
  title = {Automatic Qualitative Analysis of Dynamic Systems Using
  	Piecewise Linear Approximations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {46},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {313--364},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@article{ sacks_e:1991a,
  author = {Elisha P. Sacks},
  title = {Automatic Analysis of One-Parameter Planar Ordinary
  	Differential Equations by Intelligent Numeric Simulation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {48},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--56},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@article{ sacks_e-doyle_j:1991a,
  author = {Elisha P. Sacks and Jon Doyle},
  title = {Prolegomena to Any Future Qualitative Physics},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {187--209},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sacks_h:1972a,
  author = {Harvey Sacks},
  title = {On The Analyzability of Stories by Children},
  booktitle = {Directions in Sociolinguistics},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {J.J. Gumperz and D.H. Hymes},
  pages = {325--345},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {ethnomethodology;conversation-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sacks_h:1974a,
  author = {Harvey Sacks},
  title = {An Analysis of the Course of a Joke's Telling in
  	Conversation},
  booktitle = {Explorations in the Ethnography of Speaking},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {R. Bauman and J. Sherzer},
  pages = {337--353},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {conversation-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ sacks_h-etal:1974a,
  author = {Harvey Sacks and Emmanuel A. Schegloff and G. Jefferson},
  title = {A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turntaking
  	for Conversation},
  journal = {Language},
  pages = {696--735},
  volume = {50},
  year = {1974},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Variant version: sacks-etal:1978a},
  topic = {pragmatics;conversation-analysis;sociolinguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ sacks_h:1975a,
  author = {Harvey Sacks},
  title = {Everyone Has to Lie},
  booktitle = {Sociocultural Dimensions of Language},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {M. Sanches and B. Blount},
  pages = {57--80},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {conversation-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ sacks_h:1976a,
  author = {Harvey Sacks},
  title = {Paradoxes, Pre-Sequences and Pronouns},
  journal = {Pragmatics Microfiche},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {1.8},
  pages = {E6--G12},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {conversation-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sacks_h-etal:1978a,
  author = {Harvey Sacks and Emmanuel A. Schegloff and G. Jefferson},
  title = {A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turntaking
  	for Conversation},
  booktitle = {Studies in the Organization of Conversational Interaction},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {A. Schenkein},
  pages = {7--55},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Variant version: sacks-etal:1974a},
  topic = {conversation-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sacks_h:1979a,
  author = {Harvey Sacks},
  title = {Two Preferences in the Organization of Reference to Person
  	in Conversation and Their Interaction},
  booktitle = {Everyday Language: Studies in Ethnomethodology},
  publisher = {Irvington},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {G. Psathas},
  pages = {15--21},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {ethnomethodology;conversation-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ sadeh-etal:1995a,
  author = {Norman Sadeh and Katia Sycara and Yalin Xiong},
  title = {Backtracking Techniques for the Job Shop Scheduling
  	Constraint Satisfaction Problem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {455--480},
  topic = {backtracking;constraint-satisfaction;search;scheduling;}  
  } 

@article{ sadeh-fox:1996a,
  author = {Norman Sadeh and Mark Fox},
  title = {Variable and Value Ordering Heuristics for the Job Shop
  	Scheduling Constraint Satisfaction Problem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {86},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--41},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;search;scheduling;
  	probabilistic-algorithms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sadek:1992a,
  author = {M.D. Sadek},
  title = {A Study in the Logic of Intention},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {462--473},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {intention;agent-attitudes;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ sadock:1971a,
  author = {Jerrold M. Sadock},
  title = {Aspects of Linguistic Pragmatics},
  year = {1971},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sadock:1974a,
  author = {Jerrold M. Sadock},
  title = {Speech Act Idions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth Regional Meeting of the
  	Chicago Linguistics Society},
  year = {1972},
  pages = {329--339},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society},
  address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {speech-acts;idioms;}  
  } 

@book{ sadock:1974b,
  author = {Jerrold M. Sadock},
  title = {Towards a Linguistic Theory of Speech Acts},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1974},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {speech-acts;}  
 } 

@incollection{ sadock:1976a,
  author = {Jerrold M. Sadock},
  title = {On Significant Generalization:
		Notes on the {H}allean Syllogism},
  booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Jessica R. Wirth},
  pages = {85--94},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  contentnote = {On the merits of the "capturing a generalization"
  	argument.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;
  	phonology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sadock:1978a,
  author = {Jerrold M. Sadock},
  title = {On Testing for Conversational Implicature},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {281--297},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sadock:1981a,
  author = {Jerrold L. Sadock},
  title = {Almost},
  booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {257--270},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;presupposition;}  
  } 

@article{ sadock-zwicky:1985a,
  author = {Jerrold M. Sadock and Arnold M. Zwicky},
  title = {A Note on $xy$ Languages},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {229--236},
  topic = {formal-language-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ saeboe:1991a,
  author = {Kjell Johan S{\ae}b{\o}},
  title = {Partition Semantics and Cooperative Response},
  booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and
  	Discourse},
  publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Harold L. Somers},
  pages = {5--22},
  address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway},
  topic = {pragmatics;question-answering;implicature;}  
  } 

@article{ saeboe:1996a,
  author = {Kjell Johan S{\ae}b{\o}},
  title = {Anaphoric Presuppositions and Zero Anaphora},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {187--209},
  topic = {anaphora;presupposition;}  
  } 

@article{ saeboe:2001a,
  author = {Kjell Johan S{\ae}b{\o}},
  title = {The Semantics of {S}candanavian Free Choice Items},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {6},
  pages = {737--787},
  topic = {free-choice-`any/or';Scandanavian-languages;} 
  } 

@book{ saeed:1996a,
  author = {John Saeed},
  title = {Semantics},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ saffiotti-etal:1995a,
  author = {Alessandro Saffiotti and Kurt Konolige and Enrique H. Ruspini},
  title = {A Multivalued Logic Approach to Integrating Planning and
  	Control},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {481--526},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Intelligent agents embedded in a dynamic, uncertain environment
     should incorporate capabilities for both planned and reactive
     behavior. Many current solutions to this dual need focus on one
     aspect, and treat the other one as secondary.  We propose an
     approach for integrating planning and control based on behavior
     schemas, which link physical movements to abstract action
     descriptions.  Behavior schemas describe behaviors of an agent,
     expressed as trajectories of control actions in an environment,
     and goals can be defined as predicates on these trajectories.
     Goals and behaviors can be combined to produce conjoint goals
     and complex controls.  The ability of multivalued logics to
     represent graded preferences allows us to formulate tradeoffs in
     the combination.  Two composition theorems relate complex
     controls to complex goals, and provide the key to using standard
     knowledge-based deliberation techniques to generate complex
     controllers.  We report experiments in planning and execution on
     a mobile robot platform, Flakey.  } ,
  topic = {cognitive-robotics;planning;reactive-AI;procedural-control;
  	agent-environment-interaction;multi-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ safir:1992a,
  author = {Ken Safir},
  title = {Implied Non-Coreference and the Pattern of Anaphora},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--52},
  topic = {anaphora;non-co-reference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ safir_kj:1987a,
  author = {Kenneth J. Safir},
  title = {What Explains the Indefiniteness Effect?},
  booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  pages = {71--97},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-semantics;(in)definiteness;}  
  } 

@article{ safir_kj:1993a,
  author = {Kennith J. Safir},
  title = {Perception, Selection, and Structural Economy},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--70},
  topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@article{ safir_o:1975a,
  author = {Orin Safir},
  title = {Concrete Forms---Their Application to the Logical
  	Paradoxes and {G}\"odel's Theorem},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {133--154},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sag:1974a,
  author = {Ivan A. Sag},
  title = {On the State of Progress in Progressives and Statives},
  booktitle = {New Ways of Analyzing Variation in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Georgetown University Press},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {Ralph Fasold and Roger Schuy},
  pages = {83--95},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  topic = {tense-aspect;progressive;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sag-liberman:1975a,
  author = {Ivan A. Sag and Mark Liberman},
  title = {The Intonational Disambiguation of Indirect Speech Acts},
  booktitle = {Papers from the Eleventh Regional Meeting of the
  	{C}hicago Linguistic Society},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Robin Grossman and Jim San and Tim Vance},
  pages = {487--497},
  organization = {Chicago Linguistic Society},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistic Society},
  address = {Goodspeed Hall, 1050 East 59th Street, Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {intonation;indirect-speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ sag:1980a,
  editor = {Ivan A. Sag},
  title = {Stanford Working Papers in Grammatical Theory},
  publisher = {Stanford Cognitive Science Group},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {GPSG;}  
 } 

@incollection{ sag:1981a,
  author = {Ivan A. Sag},
  title = {Formal Semantics and Extralinguistic Context},
  booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {273--293},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {indexicals;context;}  
  } 

@article{ sag:1983a,
  author = {Ivan Sag},
  title = {On Parasitic Gaps},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {35--45},
  topic = {parasitic-gaps;anaphora;ellipsis;}  
  } 

@techreport{ sag-etal:1984a,
  author = {Ivan A. Sag and Gerald Gazdar and Thomas Wasow},
  title = {Coordination and How to Distinguish Categories},
  institution= {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  number = {CSLI--84--3},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Stanford University, Stanford California.},
  topic = {GPSG;syntactic-categories;coordination;} 
  } 

@article{ sag-hankamer:1984a,
  author = {Ivan Sag and Jorge Hankamer},
  title = {Toward a Theory of Anaphoric Processing},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {325--345},
  topic = {anaphora;psycholinguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ sag-szabolcsi:1992a,
  editor = {Ivan A. Sag and Anna Szabolcsi},
  title = {Lexical Matters},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1992},
  number = {24},
  series = {{CSLI} Lecture Notes},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {Hardcover: 0937073652, Paperback: 0937073660},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Carol Tenny, "The Aspectual Interface Hypothesis"
	2. Manfred Krifka, "Thematic Relations as Links between
		Nominal Reference and Temporal Constitution"
	3. Farrell Ackerman, "Complex predicates and morpholexical
		Relatedness: Locative Alternation in {H}ungarian"
	4. Donka F. Farkas, "On Obviation"
	5. William J. Poser, "Blocking of Phrasal Constructions by
		Lexical Items"
	6. Mark Liberman and Richard Sproat, "The Stress and
		Structure of Modified Noun Phrases in {E}nglish"
	7. Ferenc Kiefer, "Hungarian Derivational Morphology,
		Semantic Complexity, and Semantic Markedness"
       10. Gy\"orgy Gergely, "Focus-Based Inferences in Sentence
       		Comprehension"
       11. Anna Szabolcsi, "Combinatory Grammar and Projection from
       		the Lexicon"
       12. Pauline Jacobson, "The Lexical Entailment Theory of
       		Control and the Tough-Construction"
       13. Ivan Sag, Lauri Karttunen, and Jeffrey Goldberg, "A
       		Lexical Analysis of {I}celandic case"
   } ,
  ISBN = {0937073652, 0937073660 (pbk.)},
  topic = {semantics;morphology;LFG;lexical-semantics;lexicon;}  
 } 

@article{ sag:1997a,
  author = {Ivan A. Sag},
  title = {English Relative Clause Constructions},
  journal = {Journal of Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {431--484},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {relative-clauses;}  
  } 

@book{ sag-wasow:1999a,
  author = {Ivan Sag and Thomas A. Wasow},
  title = {Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {1575861615 (hard cover), 1575861607 (paper)},
  topic = {syntax;syntax-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ sage-palmer:1990a,
  author = {Andrew P. Sage and James D. Palmer},
  title = {Software Systems Engineering},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {047161758X},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@book{ sager:1981a,
  author = {Naomi Sager},
  title = {Natural Language Information Processing: A Computer
  	Grammar of {E}nglish and Its Applications},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-processing;}  
 } 

@article{ sagi:2000a,
  author = {G\'abor S\'agi},
  title = {A Completeness Theorem for Higher Order Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {2},
  pages = {857--884},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;completeness-results;cylindrical-algebra;}  
  } 

@article{ saguillo:1997a,
  author = {Jos\'e M. Sag\"uillo},
  title = {Logical Consequence Revisited},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {216--241},
  topic = {history-of-logic;logical-consequence;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sahlin-rabinowicz:1998a,
  author = {Nils-Eric Sahlin and Wlodek Rabinowicz},
  title = {The Evidentiary Value Model},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 1:  Quantified Representation
		of Uncertainty and Imprecision},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {247--265},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {evidence;evidentiary-value;foundations-of-probability;}  
  } 

@book{ sainsbury_rm:1979a,
  author = {Richard M. Sainsbury},
  title = {Russell},
  publisher = {Routledge \& Kegan Paul},
  year = {1979},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {071000155X},
  topic = {Russell;}  
 } 

@article{ sainsbury_rm:1984a,
  author = {Richard Mark Sainsbury},
  title = {Saying and Conveying},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {415--432},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;implicature;}  
  } 

@book{ sainsbury_rm:1988a,
  author = {Richard M. Sainsbury},
  title = {Paradoxes},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge},
  topic = {paradoxes;vagueness;}  
 } 

@book{ sainsbury_rm:1988b,
  author = {R. Mark Sainsbury},
  title = {Paradoxes},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {052133165X},
  topic = {paradoxes;}  
 } 

@book{ sainsbury_rm:1991a,
  author = {Richard M. Sainsbury},
  title = {Logical Forms: An Introduction to Philosophical Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ sainsbury_rm:1991b1,
  author = {Richard M. Sainsbury},
  title = {Concepts without Boundaries},
  year = {1991},
  note = {Inaugural Lecture, King's College, London},
  xref = {Republication: sainsbury_rm:1991b2.},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
 } 

@incollection{ sainsbury_rm:1991b2,
  author = {Richard Mark Sainsbury},
  title = {Concepts without Boundaries},
  booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {251--264},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of: sainsbury_rm:1991b1.},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@book{ sainsbury_rm:1991c,
  editor = {R. Mark Sainsbury},
  title = {Logical Forms: An Introduction to Philosophical Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631177779},
  xref = {Second edition: sainsbury_rm:2000a.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ sainsbury_rm:1991d,
  author = {Richard M. Sainsbury},
  title = {Is There Higher-Order Vagueness?},
  journal = {Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {91},
  pages = {167--182},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@book{ sainsbury_rm:2000a,
  editor = {R. Mark Sainsbury},
  title = {Logical Forms: An Introduction to Philosophical Logic},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {Blackwell},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-631-20143-2 (pbk)},
  xref = {First edition: sainsbury_rm:1991c.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ saintcyr-lang:2002a,
  author = {Florence Dupin de Saint-Cyr and J\'erome Lang},
  title = {Belief Extrapolaion (or How to Reason about Observations
  	and Unpredicted Change)},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {497--508},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;reasoning-about-observations;} 
  } 

@book{ saintdizier-szpakowicz:1990a,
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Stan Szpakowicz},
  title = {Logic and Logic Grammars for Language Processing},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0745805833},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;grammar-logics;nl-processing;}  
 } 

@incollection{ saintdizier:1992a,
  author = {Patrick Saint-Dizier},
  title = {A Constraint Logic Programming Treatment of Syntactic
  	Choice in Natural Language Generation},
  pages = {119--134},
  booktitle = {Aspects of Automated Natural Language Generation:
  	   6th International Workshop on Natural Language Generation},
  editor = {Robert Dale and Eduard Hovy and Dietmar {R\"osner} and
  	   Oliviero Stock},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 587},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  year = {1992},
  topic = {nl-realization;}  
  } 

@incollection{ saintdizier:1995a,
  author = {Patrick Saint-Dizier},
  title = {Constraint Propagation Techniques for Lexical Semantics
  	Descriptions},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {426--440},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;lexical-processing;}  
  } 

@book{ saintdizier-viegas:1995a,
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  title = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas, "An Introduction
     		to Lexical Semantics from a Linguistic and a
		Psycholinguistic Perspective", pp. 1--29
     2. David A. Cruse, "Polysemy and Related Phenomena from
     		a Cognitive Linguistic Viewpoint", pp. 33--49
     3. Jean Fran\c{c}ois le Ny, "Mentak Lexicon and Machine
     		Lexicon: Which Properties Are Shared by
		Machine and Mental Word Representations", pp. 50--67
     4. James Pustejovsky, "Linguistic Constraints on Type
     		Coercion", pp. 71--97
     5. Sabine Bergler, "From Lexical Semantics to Text
     		Analysus", pp. 98--124
     6. Dirk Heylen, "Lexical Functions, Generative Lexicons,
     		and the World", pp. 125--140
     7. Gabriel G. B\`es and Alain Lecomte, "Semantic
     		Features in a Generic Lexicon", pp. 141--162
     8. Gerrit Burkert, "Lexical Semantics and Terminological
     		Knowledge Representation", pp. 165--184
     9. Peter Gerstl, "Word Meaning Between Lexical and
     		Conceptual Structure", pp. 185--206
    10. Ann Copestake, "The Representation of Group Denoting
    		Nouns in a Lexical Knowledge Base", pp. 207--230
    11. Martha Palmer and Alain Polgu\`ere, "A Preliminary Lexical
    		and Conceptual Analysis of BREAK: A Computational
		Perspective", pp. 231--250
    12. Jean V\'eronis and Nancy Ide, "Large Neural Networks for
    		the Resolution of Lexical Ambiguity", pp. 251--272
    13. Ted Briscoe, Ann Copestake, and Alex
    		Lascarides, "Blocking", pp. 273--302
    14. Daniel Kayser and Hocine Abir, "A Non-Monotonic
    		Approach to Lexical Semantics", pp. 303--318
    15. Adam Kilgarriff, "Inheriting Polysemy", pp. 319--335
    16. Marc Cavazza and Pierre Zweigenbaum, "Lexical Semantics:
    		Dictionary or Encyclopedia?", pp. 336--347
    17. Margarita Alonso Ramos and Agnes Tutin and Guy
    		Lapalme, "Lexical Functions of the {\it Explanatory
		Combinatorial Dictionary} for Lexicalization
		in Text Generation", pp. 351--366
    18. Bonnie Jean Dorr, "A Lexical-Semantic Solution to the Divergence
    	        Problem in Machine Translation", pp. 367--395
    19. Jacques Jayez, "Introducing {L}ex{L}og", pp. 399--425
    20. Patrick Saint-Dizier, "Constraint Propagation
    		Techniques for Lexical Semantics
		Descriptions", pp. 426--440
  } ,
  ISBN = {0-521-44410-1},
  xref = {Review: deane:1995a.},
  topic = {machine-translation;nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;
  	lexical-processing;}  
 } 

@incollection{ saintdizier-viegas:1995b,
  author = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  title = {An Introduction to Lexical Semantics From a Linguistic and a
  	Psycholinguistic Perspective},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {1--29},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ saintdizier:1998a,
  author = {Patrick Saint-Dizier},
  title = {Sense Variation and Lexical Semantics Generative
  		Operations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in 
  	Language Processing and Computational Natural Language
	Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {David M.W. Powers},
  pages = {121--130},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ saintdizier:1999a,
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier},
  title = {Predicative Forms in Natural Language and in Lexical
  	Knowledge Bases},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-7923-5499-0},
  xref = {Review: stede:2000a.},
  topic = {predication;lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ saka:1998a,
  author = {Paul Saka},
  title = {Quotation and the Use-Mention Distinction},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {425},
  pages = {113--135},
  topic = {direct-discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sakama-seki:1994a,
  author = {Chiaki Sakama and Hirohisa Seki},
  title = {Partial Deduction of
    		Disjunctive Logic Programs: A Declarative 
		Approach},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {170--182},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-program-synthesis;}  
  } 

@article{ sakama-inoue:2000a,
  author = {Chiaki Sakama and Katsumi Inoue},
  title = {Prioritized Logic Programming and Its Application to
  	Commonsense Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {123},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {185--222},
  topic = {prioritized-logic-programming;common-sense-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sakas:2000a,
  author = {William Gregory Sakas},
  title = {Modeling the Effect of Cross-Language
    	    Ambiguity on Human Syntax Acquisition},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {61--66},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {cognitive-modeling;L1-acquisition;}  
  } 

@article{ sakezles:2001a,
  author = {Priscilla K. Sakezles},
  title = {Review of {\it Against the Grammarians}, by {S}extus
  	{E}mpiricus},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {3},
  pages = {449--450},
  xref = {Review of: empiricus:1998a.},
  topic = {Hellenistic-philosophy;skepticism;philosophy-of-linguistics;} 
  } 

@book{ salkie:1995a,
  author = {Raphael Salkie},
  title = {Text and Discourse Analysis},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1995},
  address = {London},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ salkoff:1983a,
  author = {M. Salkoff},
  title = {Bees Are Swarming in the Garden},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {59},
  number = {2},
  pages = {288--346},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {transitivity-alternations;}  
  } 

@book{ salmon_n:1982a,
  author = {Nathan Salmon},
  title = {Direct Reference},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  topic = {reference;proper-names;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ salmon_n:1986a,
  editor = {Nathan Salmon},
  title = {Frege's Puzzle},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;philosophy-of-language;
  	intensionality;}  
 } 

@book{ salmon_n-soames:1988a,
  editor = {Nathan Salmon and Scott Soames},
  title = {Propositions and Attitudes},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;}  
 } 

@incollection{ salmon_n:1989a,
  author = {Nathan Salmon},
  title = {Illogical Belief},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {243--285},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {belief;proposiitional-attitudes;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ salmon_n:1991a,
  author = {Nathan Salmon},
  title = {The Pragmatic Fallacy},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {83--97},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;pragmatics;speaker-meaning;}  
  } 

@article{ salmon_n:1992a,
  author = {Nathan Salmon},
  title = {Reflections on Reflexivity},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--63},
  topic = {reflexive-constructions;anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ salmon_n:1993a,
  author = {Nathan Salmon},
  title = {This Side of Paradox},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {187--197},
  topic = {individuation;vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ salmon_n:1993b,
  author = {Nathan Salmon},
  title = {Analyticity and Apriority},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {125--133},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {analyticity;a-priori;}  
  } 

@incollection{ salmon_n:1997a,
  author = {Nathan Salmon},
  title = {Wholes, Parts, and Numbers},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {1--25},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {Considers the meaning of fractional quantifiers.  An
	interesting problem in nl-metaphysics and CSR.},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;nl-metaphysics;common-sense-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ salmon_n:1998a,
  author = {Nathan Salmon},
  title = {Nonexistence},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  pages = {277--319},
  topic = {reference-gaps;(non)existence;}  
  } 

@article{ salmon_wc:1957a,
  author = {Wesley Salmon},
  title = {Should We Attempt to Justify Induction?},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1957},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {33--48},
  topic = {induction;philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@article{ sambin-valentini:1980a,
  author = {Giovanni Sambin and Silvio Valentini},
  title = {A Modal Sequent Calculus for a Fragment of Arithmetic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {39},
  number = {2/3},
  pages = {245--256},
  topic = {proof-theory;formalizations-of-arithmetic;} 
  } 

@article{ sambin-valentini:1982a,
  author = {Giovanni Sambin and Silvio Valentini},
  title = {The Modal Logic of Provability: The Sequential Approach},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {311--342},
  topic = {provability-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ sambin-etal:2000a,
  author = {Giovanni Sambin and Giulia Battilotti and Claudio Faggian},
  title = {Basic Logic: Reflection, Symmetry, Visibility},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {3},
  pages = {979--1013},
  topic = {proof-theory;substructural-logics;linear-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ samet_d:1998a,
  author = {Dov Samet},
  title = {Quantified Beliefs and Believed Quantities},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {263--272},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;measurement-theory;
  	higher-order-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ samet_j-schank:1984a,
  author = {Jerry Samet and Roger Schank},
  title = {Coherence and Connectivity},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--82},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ samet_j:1986a,
  author = {Jerry Samet},
  title = {Troubles with {F}odor's Nativism},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {575--594},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {innate-ideas;}  
  } 

@article{ sampson:1979a,
  author = {Geoffrey Sampson},
  title = {A Non-Nativist Account of Language Universals},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {99--104},
  topic = {foundations-of-syntax;foundations-of-universal-grammar;
  	language-universals;}  
  } 

@book{ sampson:1980a,
  author = {Geoffrey Sampson},
  title = {Making Sense},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: abbott_b-hudson_g:1981a,},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;foundations-of-linguistics;
  	language-universals;} 
 } 

@book{ sampson:1985a,
  author = {Geoffrey Sampson},
  title = {Writing Systems : A Linguistic Introduction},
  publisher = {Hutchinson},
  year = {1985},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {009156980X},
  topic = {writing-systems;}  
 } 

@book{ sampson:1995a,
  author = {Geoffrey Sampson},
  title = {English for the Computer: The {SUSANNE} Corpus
  	and Analytic Scheme},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198240236},
  topic = {corpus;English-language;}  
 } 

@article{ sampson_g:1976a,
  author = {Geoffrey Sampson},
  title = {An Empirical Hypothesis about Natural Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {209--236},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;philosophy-of-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ sampson_g:1981a,
  author = {Geoffrey Sampson},
  title = {Making Sense},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: hudson_g:1981a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ sampson_g:1985a,
  author = {Geoffrey Sampson},
  title = {Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction},
  publisher = {Stanford University Press},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  year = {1985},
  topic = {writing-systems;}  
 } 

@article{ sampson_g:1992a,
  author = {Geoffrey Sampson},
  title = {Book Review: The Linguistics of Punctuation},
  journal = {Linguistics},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {30},
  number = {2},
  pages = {467--475},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
 } 

@article{ sampson_g:1998a,
  author = {Geoffrey Sampson},
  title = {Review of {\it From Grammar to Science: New Foundations
  	for General Linguistics}, by {V}ictor {I}ngve},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {173--175},
  xref = {Review of ingve:1996a.},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-cogsci;foundations-of-linguistics;
  	philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ samuelson_c:1998a,
  author = {Christer Samuelson},
  title = {Linguistic Theory in Statistical Language Learning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in 
  	Language Processing and Computational Natural Language
	Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {David M.W. Powers},
  pages = {83--89},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;language-learning;
  	word-sequence-probabilities;machine-learning;n-gram-models;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ samuelson_l:1988a,
  author = {Larry Samuelson},
  title = {Evolutionary Foundations of Solution Concepts for Finite,
  	Two-Player, Normal-Form Games},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {211--225},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {game-theory;strategy-selection;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ samuelsson-voutilainen:1997a,
  author = {Christer Samuelsson and Atro Voutilainen},
  title = {Comparing a Linguistic and a Stochastic Tagger},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {246--253},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;}  
 } 

@book{ sandeen:1970a,
  author = {Ernest R. Sandeen},
  title = {The Roots of Fundamentalism: {B}ritish and {A}merican
  	Millenarianism 1800--1930},
  year = {1970},
  address = {Chicago},
  missinginfo = {publisher},
  topic = {fundamentalism;}  
 } 

@article{ sandeen:1970b,
  author = {Ernest R. Sandeen},
  title = {Fundamentalism and {A}merican Identity},
  journal = {The Annals of the {A}merican {A}cademy of {P}olitical and
  	{S}ocial {S}cience},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {387},
  pages = {56--65},
  missinginfo = {volume is 387???, number},
  topic = {fundamentalism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sanders:1974a,
  author = {Gerald A. Sanders},
  title = {Introduction: Issues of Explanation in Linguistics},
  booktitle = {Explaining Linguistic Phenomena},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {David Cohen},
  pages = {1--41},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology;
  	explanation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sanders:1983a,
  author = {Robert E. Sanders},
  title = {Tools for Cohering Discourse and Their Strategic Utilization:
  	Markers of Structural Connections and Meaning Relations},
  booktitle = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and Strategy},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey},
  pages = {67--80},
  address = {London},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;discourse-structure;
  	discourse-cue-words;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ sanderson:2000a,
  author = {Mark Sanderson},
  title = {Review of {\it Advances in Automatic Text Summarization},
  	by {I}nderjeet {M}ani and {M}ark {T}. {M}aybury},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {280--281},
  xref = {Review of: mani-maybury:1999a.},
  topic = {text-summary;}  
  } 

@article{ sandewall:1970a,
  author = {Erik Sandewall},
  title = {Formal Methods in the Design of Question-Answering
  	Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {129--145},
  topic = {question-answering;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sandewall:1972a,
  author =  {Erik Sandewall},
  title = {An Approach to the Frame Problem, and Its Implementation},
  booktitle = {Machine Intelligence 7},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Michie and Bernard Meltzer},
  pages = {195--204},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;frame-problem;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sandewall:1985a1,
  author = {Erik Sandewall},
  title = {A Functional Approach to Non-Monotonic Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi},
  pages = {100--106},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: sandewall:1985a2.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ sandewall:1985a2,
  author = {Erik Sandewall},
  title = {A Functional Approach to Non-Monotonic Logic},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {80--87},
  xref = {Conference Publication: sandewall:1985a1.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ sandewall:1986a,
  author = {Erik Sandewall},
  title = {Non-Monotonic Inference Rules for Multiple Inheritance
  	With Exceptions},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {IEEE}},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {74},
  pages = {1345--1353},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sandewall-ronnquist:1986a,
  author = {Erik Sandewall and E. R\"onnquist},
  title = {A Representation of Action Structures},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  pages = {89--97},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {editors, checkpub},
  topic = {action;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sandewall:1987a,
  author =  {Eric Sandewall},
  title = {The Semantics of Non-Monotonic Entailment Defined
  	Using Partial Interpretations},
  booktitle = {Second International Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Michael Reinfrank and Johan de Kleer and Eric Sandewall},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;partial-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ sandewall:1988a,
  author = {Erik Sandewall},
  title = {An Approach to Non-Monotonic Entailment},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Link\"oping Presentation},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ sandewall:1988b,
  author = {Eric Sandewall},
  title = {The Semantics of Non-Monotonic Entailment Defined
  	Using Partial Interpretations},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Link\"oping University.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sandewall:1989a,
  author = {Erik Sandewall},
  title = {Filter Preferential Entailment for the Logic of Action in
  	Almost Continuous Worlds},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  contentnote = {Introduces occlusion.},
  topic = {causality;action-effects;action-formalisms;dynamic-systems;
  	reasoning-about-continuous-time;continuous-change;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sandewall:1989b,
  author = {Erik Sandewall},
  title = {Combining Logic and Differential Equations for Describing
  	Real-World Systems},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {412--420},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;
  	reasoning-about-physical-systems;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ sandewall:1991a,
  author = {Erik Sandewall},
  title = {Towards a Logic of Dynamic Frames},
  journal = {International Journal of Expert Systems},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {355--370},
  contentnote = {An approach to frame-based temporal reasoning.},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;dynamic-systems;frames;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sandewall:1993a,
  author = {Erik Sandewall},
  title = {The Range of Applicability of Nonmonotonic Logics for the
  	Inertia Problem},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {738--743},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;frame-problem;}  
  } 

@book{ sandewall:1994a,
  author = {Erik Sandewall},
  title = {Features and Fluents: A Systematic Approach to the
  	Representation of Knowledge about Dynamical Systems},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;dynamic-systems;causality;action-effects;
  	action-formalisms;qualitative-physics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ sandewall:1996a1,
  author = {Erik Sandewall},
  title = {Assessments of Ramification Methods that Use
  	Static Domain Constraints},
  year = {1996},
  note = {http://www.ep.liu.se/ea/cis/1996/003.},
  xref = {Conference publication: sandewall:1996a2.},
  topic = {kr;ramification-problem;causality;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sandewall:1996a2,
  author = {Erik Sandewall},
  title = {Comparative Assessments of Ramification Methods that Use
  	Static Domain Constraints},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {99--110},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;ramification-problem;causality;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sandewall:1997a,
  author = {Erik Sandewall},
  title = {Underlying Semantics for Action and Change
         with Ramification},
  booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Oliviero Stock},
  pages = {289--318 } ,
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {action-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;ramification-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sandewall:1998a,
  author = {Erik Sandewall},
  title = {Logic Based Modelling of Goal-Directed Behavior},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {304--315},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;practical-reasoning;action-formalisms;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ sandewall:1998b,
  author = {Erik Sandewall},
  title = {Cognitive Robotics Logic and Its Metatheory:  Features
  		and Fluents Revisited},
  journal = {Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {307--329},
  missinginfo = {URL},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;dynamic-systems;causality;action-effects;
  	action-formalisms;qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sandewall:2000a,
  author = {Erik Sandewall},
  title = {On the Methodology of Research in Knowledge
  	Representation and Common-Sense Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  note = {Forthcoming.},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;logic-in-AI-survey;common-sense-logicism;
  	common-sense-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ sandewall:2000b,
  author = {Erik Sandewall},
  title = {Review of {\it Solving the Frame Problem}, by
  	{M}urray {S}hanahan},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {123},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {271--273},
  xref = {Review of: shanahan:1997a.  Response: shanahan:2000a.},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;krcourse;}  
  } 

@article{ sandholm-lesser:1997a,
  author = {Tuomas W. Sandholm and Victor R. Lesser},
  title = {Coalitions Among Computationally Bounded Agents},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {99--137},
  topic = {distributed-ai;distributed-systems;negotiation;
  	resource-limited-reasoning;limited-rationality;
	artificial-societies;}  
  } 

@article{ sandholm-etal:1999a,
  author = {Tuomas Sandholm and Kate Larson and Martin
  	Andersson and Onn Shehory and Fernando Tohm\'e},
  title = {Coalition Structure Generation with Worst Case Guarantees},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {111},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {209--238},
  topic = {cooperation;multi-agent-systems;artificial-societies;}  
  } 

@article{ sandholm:2002a,
  author = {Tuomas Sandholm},
  title = {Algorithm for Optimal Winner Determination in Combinatorial
  	Auctions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {135},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--54},
  topic = {multiagent-systems;computational-bargaining;auction-protocols;} 
  } 

@article{ sandholm-lesser:2002a,
  author = {Tuomas Sandholm and Victor Lesser},
  title = {Leveled-Commitment Contracting: A Backtracking Instrument 
  	for Multiagent Systems},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {89--100},
  topic = {multiagent-systems;} 
  } 

@article{ sandu:1993a,
  author = {Gabriel Sandu},
  title = {On the Logic of Informational Independence and Its
		Applications},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--60},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ sandu:1997a,
  author = {Gabriel Sandu},
  title = {On the Theory of Anaphora: Dynamic Predicate Logic vs.
  	Game-Theoretical Semantics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {147--174},
  topic = {anaphora;dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ sandu:1998a,
  author = {Gabriel Sandu},
  title = {Partially Interpreted Relations and Partially
  	Interpreted Quantifiers},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {6},
  pages = {587--601},
  topic = {partial-logic;quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ sandu-hintikka:2001a,
  author = {Gabriel Sandu and Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Aspects of Compositionality},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49--61},
  topic = {compositionality;game-theoretic-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sanfilippo:1993a,
  author = {Antonio Sanfilippo},
  title = {{LKB} Encoding of Lexical Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Inheritance, Defaults, and the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ted Briscoe and Ann Copestake and Valeria de Paiva},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sanfilippo:1997a,
  author = {Antonio Sanfilippo},
  title = {Using Semantic Similarity to Acquire
    		Co-Occurrence Restrictions from Corpora},
  booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of
  	Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari
  	and Antonio Sanfilippo amd Yorick Wilks},
  pages = {82--89},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {coocurrence-restrictions;corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ sanford:1959a,
  author = {David H. Sanford},
  title = {Disjunctive Predicates},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1959},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {162--170},
  topic = {disjunctive-properties;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ sanford:1974a,
  author = {David H. Sanford},
  title = {Borderline Logic},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {vagueness;multi-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ sanford:1974b,
  author = {David H. Sanford},
  title = {Classical Logic and Inexact Predicates},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {83},
  number = {329},
  pages = {112--113},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ sanford:1976a,
  author = {David Sanford},
  title = {Competing Semantics of Vagueness: Many Values vs.
  	Super-Truth},
  journal = {Synt\`hese},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {195--210},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ sanford:1979a,
  author = {David H. Sanford},
  title = {Nostalgia for the Ordinary: Comments on Papers by {U}nger
  	and {W}heeler},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {41},
  pages = {171--184},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {skepticism;epistemology;vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sanford:1984a,
  author = {David H. Sanford},
  title = {The Direction of Causation and the Direction of Time},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {53--75},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;temporal-direction;}  
  } 

@book{ sanford:1989a,
  author = {David H. Sanford},
  title = {If $P$ then $Q$: Conditionals and the Foundations
  	of Reasoning},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1989},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Reviewed in bochman:1998a},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
 } 

@book{ sanford:1992a,
  author = {David Sanford},
  title = {If {P} then {Q}},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1992},
  address = {London},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
 } 

@incollection{ sang:2000a,
  author = {Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  title = {Text Chunking by System Combination},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {151--153},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;text-chunking;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sang-buchholz:2000a,
  author = {Erik Tjong Kim Sang and Sabine Buchholz},
  title = {Introduction to the {CoNLL-200} Shared Task: Chunking},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {127--132},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;text-chunking;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sankoff:1998a,
  author = {David Sankoff},
  title = {The Production of Code-Mixed Discourse},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {8--21},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {code-switching;}  
 } 

@article{ santas:1964a,
  author = {Gerasimos Santas},
  title = {The {S}ocratic Paradoxes},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {73},
  number = {73},
  pages = {147--164},
  topic = {ancient-philosophy;Plato;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ santini:1971a,
  author = {Ugo Santini},
  title = {Some Extensions of {C}ooper Grammar},
  year = {1971},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Universit\'a degli Studi
  	di Genova.},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@book{ santorini:1990a,
  author = {Beatrice Santorini},
  title = {Part-of-Speech Tagging Guidelines for the {P}enn Treebank
  	Project},
  publisher = {University of Pennsylvania, School of Engineering 
  and Applied Science, Dept. of Computer and Information Science, [},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Philadelphia},
  ISBN = {0582291496},
  topic = {corpus-annotation;} 
 } 

@article{ santos_e-santos_es:1996a,
  author = {Eugene {Santos, Jr.} and Eugene S. Santos},
  title = {Polynomial Solvability of Cost-Based Abduction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {86},
  number = {1},
  pages = {157--170},
  topic = {abduction;complexity-in-AI;kr-complexity-analysis;
  	polynomial-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ sapire:1991a,
  author = {David Sapire},
  title = {General Causation},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {86},
  number = {3},
  pages = {321--347},
  topic = {causality;(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@book{ saraswat-ueda:1991a,
  editor = {Vijay Saraswat and Kazunori Ueda},
  title = {Logic Programming: Proceedings of the 1991 International
  	Symposium},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262691477},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
 } 

@book{ saraswat-vanhentenryk:1995a,
  editor = {Vijay Saraswat and Pascal {van Hentenryk}},
  title = {Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {constraint-programming;}  
 } 

@article{ sarkar-etal:1991a,
  author = {U.K. Sarkar and P.P. Chakrabarti and S. Ghose and S.C. De
  	Sarkar},
  title = {Reducing Reexpansions in Iterative-Deepening Search by
  	Controlling Cutoff Bounds},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2991},
  volume = {50},
  number = {2},
  pages = {207--221},
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@book{ sartre:1946a,
  author = {Jean Paul Sartre},
  title = {L'Existentialisme est un Humanisme},
  publisher = {Nagel},
  year = {1946},
  note = {Translated as ``Existentialism is a Humanism'' in {\em
    	    Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre}, W. Kaufmann (ed.),
            Meridian Press, 1975},
  topic = {existentialism;}  
    } 

@incollection{ sato:1991a,
  author = {Masahiko Sato},
  title = {An Abstraction Mechanism for Symbolic Expressions},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {381--391},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {variable-binding;}  
  } 

@article{ sato:1995a,
  author = {Satoshi Sato},
  title = {{MBT2}: A Method for Combining Fragments of Examples in
  	Example-Based Translation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {75},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31--50},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Example-Based Translation is a new approach to machine
     translation.  The basic idea of this approach is very simple: it
     is to translate a sentence by using translation examples of
     similar sentences.  One of the major issues of Example-Based
     Translation is to study the utilization of more than one
     translation example when translating one source sentence.
      This paper proposes MBT2, which is a method of translating
     complete sentences by using multiple examples.  The
     representation, matching expression, is introduced, which
     represents the combination of fragments of translation examples.
     The translation process of MBT2 consists of three stages: (1)
     Making a source-matching expression from a source sentence. (2)
     Transferring a source-matching expression into a target-matching
     expression. (3) Constructing a target sentence from a
     target-matching expression.  This mechanism generates several
     translation candidates and the score of a translation is defined
     to select the best translation out of them.  } ,
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;machine-translation;}  
  } 

@article{ satta-stock:1994a,
  author = {Giorgio Satta and Oliviero Stock},
  title = {Bidirectional Context-Free Grammar Parsing for Natural
  	Language Processing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {123--164},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     While natural language is usually analyzed from left to right,
     bidirectional parsing is very attractive for both theoretical
     and practical reasons.  In this paper, we describe a formal
     framework for bidirectional tabular parsing of general
     context-free languages, and some applications to natural
     language processing are studied.  The framework is general and
     permits a comparison between known approaches and the algorithms
     outlined here.  A detailed analysis of the redundancy problem is
     given and a technique for improving the performance of
     bidirectional tabular parsers, whilst maintaining the
     flexibility of bidirectional strategies, is described.  An
     algorithm for head-driven parsing and a general algorithm for
     island-driven parsing are studied.  The former allows analyses of
     each constituent to be triggered by some fixed immediately
     dominated element, chosen on the basis of its information
     content.  The latter permits analyses to start from any
     dynamically chosen positions within the input sentence,
     combining bottom-up and top-down processing without redundancy. } ,
  topic = {bidirectional-parsing;parsing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ satta-brill:1996a,
  author = {Giorgio Satta and Eric Brill},
  title = {Efficient Transformation-Based Parsing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {255--262},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ satta-henderson:1997a,
  author = {Giorgio Satta and John C. Henderson},
  title = {String Transformation Learning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {444--451},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;}  
 } 

@article{ satta:1998a,
  author = {Giorgio Satta},
  title = {Review of {\it Parsing with Principles and
  	Classes of Information}, by {P}aola {M}erlo},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {167--172},
  xref = {Review of merlo:1996a.},
  topic = {principle-based-parsing;}  
  } 

@article{ saul:2002a,
  author = {Jennifer M. Saul},
  title = {Speaker Meaning, What is Said, and What is Implicated},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {36},
  number = {2},
  pages = {228--248},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;implciature;} 
  } 

@article{ saul_j:1993a,
  author = {Jennifer Saul},
  title = {Still an Attitude Problem},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {4},
  pages = {423--435},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;context;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ saul_j:1999a,
  author = {Jennifer Saul},
  title = {Speaker Meaning, What is Said, and
  	What is Implicated},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Sheffield},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;implicature;}  
  } 

@article{ saul_j:2001a,
  author = {Jennifer M. Saul},
  title = {Review of {\it Implicature}, by {W}ayne {A}. {D}avis},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {35},
  number = {4},
  pages = {630--641},
  xref = {Review: davis_wa:1998a},
  topic = {implicature;Grice;}  
  } 

@incollection{ saul_l-pereira_f:1997a,
  author = {Lawrence Saul and Fernando Pereira},
  title = {Aggregate and Mixed-Order {M}arkov Models for Statistical
  	Language Processing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {81--89},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;corpus-statistics;
		n-gram-models;word-sequence-probabilities;}  
  } 

@article{ saund:1992a,
  author = {Eric Saund},
  title = {Putting Knowledge into a Visual Shape Representation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {54},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {71--119},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper shows how a representation for visual shape can be
     formulated to employ knowledge about the geometrical structures
     common within specific shape domains.  In order to support a wide
     variety of later visual processing tasks, we seek
     representations making explicit many geometric properties and
     spatial relationships redundantly and at many levels of
     abstraction.  We offer two specific computational tools: (1) By
     maintaining shape tokens on a Scale-Space Blackboard,
     information about the relative locations and sizes of shape
     fragments such as contours and regions can be manipulated
     symbolically, while the pictorial organization inherent to a
     shape's spatial geometry is preserved. (2) Through the device of
     dimensionality-reduction, configurations of shape tokens can be
     interpreted in terms of their membership within deformation
     classes; this provides leverage in distinguishing shapes on the
     basis of subtle variations reflecting deformations in their
     forms.  Using these tools, knowledge in a shape representation
     resides in a vocabulary of shape descriptors naming
     constellations of shape tokens in the Scale-Space Blackboard.
     The approach is illustrated through a computer implementation of
     a hierarchical shape vocabulary designed to offer flexibility in
     supporting important aspects of shape recognition and shape
     comparison in the two-dimensional shape domain of the dorsal
     fins of fishes.  } ,
  topic = {visual-reasoning;shape-recognition;}  
  } 

@article{ saunders:1958a,
  author = {John Turk Saunders},
  title = {A Sea Fight Tomorrow},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {19},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {367--378},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ saunders:2000a,
  author = {Simon Saunders},
  title = {Tense and Indeterminateness},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S600--S611},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {(in)determinism;quantum-mechanics;tmix-project;}  
  } 

@book{ saurer:1984a,
  author = {Werner Saurer},
  title = {A Formal Semantics of Tense, Aspect, and {A}ktionsarten},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1984},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ saurer:1985a,
  author = {Werner Saurer},
  title = {Zeno's Arrow and Interval-Based Tense Logic},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, State University of New York
  	at Albany},
  topic = {paradoxes-of-motion;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ saurer:1993a,
  author = {Werner Saurer},
  title = {A Natural Deduction System for Discourse Representation Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {249--302},
  topic = {proof-theory;discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ savage_cw-anderson_ca:1989a,
  editor = {C. Wade Savage and C. Anthony Anderson},
  title = {Rereading {R}ussell, Essays in Bertrand Russell'S
  	Metaphysics and Epistemology},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  ISBN = {0816616493},
  topic = {Russell;}  
 } 

@article{ savage_l:1951a,
  author = {Leonard Savage},
  title = {The Theory of Statistical Decision},
  journal = {Journal of American Statistics Association},
  volume = {46},
  year = {1951},
  pages = {55--67},
  topic = {statistics;decision-theory;foundations-of-utility;}  
    } 

@book{ savage_l:1972a,
  author = {Leonard Savage},
  title = {The Foundations of Statistics},
  publisher = {Dover},
  year = {1972},
  address = {New York},
  edition = {2},
  topic = {statistics;decision-theory;foundations-of-utility;}  
 } 

@incollection{ savan:1965a,
  author = {David Savan},
  title = {Socrates' Logic and the Unity of Wisdom and Temperance},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1965},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {20--26},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {Plato;philosophical-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ savitt:2000a,
  author = {Steven F. Savitt},
  title = {There's No Time Like the Present (in {M}inkowski
  	Space-Time},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S563--S574},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;relativity-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sawaragi-etal:1977a,
  author = {Y. Sawaragi and K. Inoue and H. Nakayama},
  title = {Multiobjective Decision Making with Applications to
  	Environmental and Urban Design},
  booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  pages = {358--388},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;}  
  } 

@article{ say-kuru:1996a,
  author = {A.C. Cem Say and Selahattin Kuru},
  title = {Qualitative System Identification: Deriving Structure from
  	Behavior},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {83},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--141},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Qualitative reasoning programs (which perform simulation,
     comparative analysis, data interpretation, etc.) either take the
     model of the physical system to be considered as input, or
     compose it using a library of model fragments and input
     information about how to combine them.  System identification is
     the task of creating models of systems, using data about their
     behaviors.  We present the qualitative system identification
     algorithm QSI, which takes as input a set of qualitative
     behaviors of a physical system, and produces as output a
     constraint model of the system. QSI's output is guaranteed to
     produce its input when simulated. Furthermore, the QSI-made
     models usually contain meaningful ``deep'' parameters of the
     system which do not appear in the input behaviors. Various
     aspects of QSI and its applicability to diagnosis, as well as
     the model fragment formulation problem, are discussed.  } ,
  topic = {diagnosis;qualitative-reasoning;
  	qualitative-system-identification;system-modeling;}  
  } 

@article{ sayre:1963a,
  author = {Kenneth M. Sayre},
  title = {Review of {\it How to Do Things With Words}},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {41},
  pages = {179--187},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ sayre:1997a,
  author = {Kenneth M. Sayre},
  title = {Belief and Knowledge: Mapping the Cognitive Landscape},
  publisher = {Rowman and Littlefield},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Lantham, Maryland},
  topic = {epistemology;propositional-attitudes;belief;}  
 } 

@incollection{ sayremccord:1989a,
  author = {Geoffrey Sayre-McCord},
  title = {Functional Explanations and Reasons as Causes},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {137--164},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {reasons-for-action;}  
  } 

@article{ sayward-durant:1967a,
  author = {Charles Sayward and Michael Durrant},
  title = {Austin on Whether Every Proposition Has a Contradictory},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {167--170},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sbisa:1992a,
  author = {Marina Sbis\'a},
  title = {Speech Acts, Effects, and Responses},
  booktitle = {(On) {S}earle on Conversation},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Herman Parret and Jef Verschueren},
  pages = {100--111},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ sbisa:1999a,
  author = {Marina Sbis\'a},
  title = {Presupposition, Implicature and
			Context in Text Understanding},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {324--338},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;presupposition;implicature;}  
  } 

@article{ scandura-etal:1974a,
  author = {Joseph M. Scandura and John H. Durnin and
  	Wallace H. Wulfeck {II}},
  title = {Higher Order Rule Characterization of Heuristics for
  	Compass and Straight Edge Constructions in Geometry},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {149--183},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A quasi-systematic method for specifying heuristics in problem
     solving was proposed and illustrated with compass and straight
     edge constructions in geometry.  Higher order rules (operator
     combination methods) were constructed for the two loci, similar
     figures, and auxiliary figures problems identified by Pólya
     [12].  The higher order rules specified were precise, compatible
     with the heuristics identified by Pólya, and seemed to reflect
     the kinds of relevant knowledge that successful problem solvers
     might have.  Overall, the analyses demonstrated the viability of
     the analytic method, and provide further evidence in support of
     the competence theory [16] on which the analyses were based.
     Implications of this research for work in simulation and
     artificial intelligence, and in education were discussed, and
     future directions indicated.  } ,
  topic = {problem-solving;geometrical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ scanlon:2000a,
  author = {Thomas Scanlon},
  title = {Diophantine Geometry from Model Theory},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {37--},
  topic = {algebraic-geometry;number-theory;model-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ scarre:1996a,
  author = {Geoffrey Scarre},
  title = {Utilitarianism},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1996},
  address = {London},
  contentnote = {A textbook.},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
 } 

@article{ scarrow:1963a,
  author = {D.S. Scarrow},
  title = {On an Analysis of `Could Have'\, } ,
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {118--120},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ability;conditionals;counterfactual-past;}  
  } 

@incollection{ scha:1984a,
  author = {Remko Scha},
  title = {Distributive, Collective and Cumulative Quantification},
  booktitle = {Truth, Interpretation and Information},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Theo Janssen and Martin Stokhof},
  pages = {131--158},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  note = {Originally published in 1981.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schabes-joshi:1981a,
  author = {Yves Schabes and Arivind K. Joshi},
  title = {Parsing with Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  pages = {25--47},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;TAG-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ schabes-waters:1995a,
  author = {Yves Schabes and Richard C. Waters},
  title = {Tree Insertion Grammar: A Cubic-Time, Parsable Formalism
  	that Lexicalizes COntext-Free Grammar without Changing the
	Trees Produced},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {479--513},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;TAG-grammar;parsing-algorithms;} 
  } 

@incollection{ schachter_dl:1989a,
  author = {Daniel L. Schachter},
  title = {Memory},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {17},
  pages = {683--725},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {memory;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ schachter_p:1985a,
  author = {Paul Schachter},
  title = {Lexical Functional Grammar as a Model of Linguistic
  	Competence},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {449--503},
  xref = {Review of bresnan:1982a.},
  topic = {LFG;linguistics-methodology;}  
  } 

@book{ schade-kunreuther:1999a,
  author = {Christian Schade and Howard Kunreuther},
  title = {Worry and Warranties},
  publisher = {Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, The 
  	Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Philadelphia},
  topic = {risk-management;}  
 } 

@article{ schaeffer:1990a,
  author = {Jonathan Schaeffer},
  title = {Conspiracy Numbers},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {43},
  number = {1},
  pages = {67--84},
  topic = {game-playing;search;conspiracy-number-search;}  
  } 

@article{ schaeffer:2001a,
  author = {Jonathan Schaeffer},
  title = {A Gamut of Games},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--46},
  topic = {game-playing;}  
  } 

@article{ schaeffer-vanderhoek:2002a,
  author = {Jonathan Schaeffer and H. Jaap van der Hoek},
  title = {Games, Computers, and Artificial Intelligence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {134},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--7},
  topic = {computer-games;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ schaerf_a:1992a,
  author = {Andrea Schaerf},
  title = {On the Role of Subsumption Algorithms in Concept Languages},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {86--97},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;classifier-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ schaerf_m-cadoli:1995a,
  author = {Marco Schaerf and Marco Cadoli},
  title = {Tractable Reasoning Via Approximation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {74},
  number = {2},
  pages = {249--310},
  contentnote = {Idea is to get tractability in theorem proving not
  	by restricting language but by trying to get approximate
	conclusions.  The paper seems to use 3 valued logic, nonstandard
	consequence.},
  topic = {approximate-theorem-proving;tractable-logics;}  
  } 

@book{ schafer:1993a,
  editor = {A. Schafer},
  title = {{NELS 23}: Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Conference of the
  	{N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  publisher = {GLSA Publications},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications:
  	http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.}, 
  topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ schafer_rw-markel:1979a,
  editor = {Ronald W. Schafer and John D. Markel},
  title = {Speech Analysis},
  publisher = {IEEE Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {speech-recognition;}  
 } 

@article{ schaffer:2000a,
  author = {Jonathan Schaffer},
  title = {Trumping Preemption},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {4},
  pages = {165--181},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schane:1976a,
  author = {Sanford A. Schane},
  title = {The Best Argument is in the Mind of
		the Beholder},
  booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Jessica R. Wirth},
  pages = {167--185},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ schank-colby:1973a,
  editor = {Roger C. Schank and Kenneth Mark Colby},
  title = {Computer Models of Thought and Language},
  publisher = {W. H. Freeman},
  year = {1973},
  address = {San Francisco},
  ISBN = {0716708345},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Allen Newell, "Artificial Intelligence and the Concept of
		Mind"
	2. R.F. Simmons, "Semantic Networks: Their Computation and
		Use for Understanding English Sentences"
	3. Yorik Wilks, "An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Machine
		Translation"
	4. Terry Winograd, "A Procedural Model of Language Understanding"
	5. Roger C. Schank,  "Identification of Conceptualizations
		Underlying Natural Language"
	6. K.M. Colby, "Simulations of Belief Systems"
	7. R.P. Abelson, "The Structure of Belief Systems"
       10. E. Hunt, "The Memory We Must Have"
       11. R.K. Lindsay, "In Defense of Ad Hoc Systems"
       12. J.D. Becker, "A Model for Encoding of Experiential
       		Information"
   } ,
  xref = {Review: uhr:1975a.},
 } 

@article{ schank-rieger_cj:1974a1,
  author = {Roger C. Schank and Charles J. {Rieger III}},
  title = {Inference and the Computer Understanding of Human Language},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {349--412},
  xref = {Republished in Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque;
  	Readings in Knowledge Representation.  See schank-rieger:1974a2.},
  topic = {kr;nl-kr;conceptual-dependency;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schank-rieger_cj:1974a2,
  author = {Roger C. Schank and Charles J. {Rieger III}},
  title = {Inference and the Computer Understanding of Human Language},
  booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  pages = {119--140},
  xref = {Originally published in Artificial Intelligence 5; 1974.  See
  	schank-rieger_cj:1974a1},
  topic = {kr;nl-kr;conceptual-dependency;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ schank:1975a,
  author = {Roger Schank},
  title = {Conceptual Information Processing},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1975},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {conceptual-dependency;nl-interpretation;}  
 } 

@book{ schank-webber:1975a,
  editor = {Roger Schank and Bonnie Nash-Webber},
  title = {Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing: An
  	Interdisciplinary Workshop in Computational Linguistics,
	Psychology, Linguistics, Artificial Intelligence, 10-13 {J}une
	1975, {C}ambridge, {M}assachusetts},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-processing;}  
 } 

@book{ schank-abelson:1977a,
  author = {Roger C. Schank and R. Abelson},
  title = {Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {conceptual-dependency;planning;nl-interpretation;}  
 } 

@article{ schank-etal:1980a,
  author = {Roger C. Schank and Michael Lebowitz and Lawrence Birnbaum},
  title = {An Integrated Understander},
  journal = {American Journal of Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;conceptual-dependency;}  
  } 

@article{ schank-leake:1989a,
  author = {Roger C. Schank and David B.  Leake},
  title = {Creativity and Learning in a Case-Based Explainer},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {40},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {353--385},
  topic = {machine-learning;creativity;explanation;}  
  } 

@article{ schank-jona:1993a,
  author = {Roger C. Schank and Menachem Y. Jona},
  title = {Issues for Psychology, {AI}, and Education:
  	A Review of {A}llen {N}ewell's `Unified Theories of Cognition'},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {375--388},
  xref = {Review of newell:1992a.},
  topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schank-birnbaum:1994a,
  author = {Roger Schank and Lawrence Birnbaum},
  title = {Enhancing Intelligence},
  booktitle = {What is Intelligence?},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jean Khalfa},
  pages = {72--106},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {intelligent-tutoring;}  
  } 

@article{ schank-foster:1995a,
  author = {Roger C. Schank and David A. Foster},
  title = {The Engineering of Creativity: A Review of {B}oden's {\it The
  	Creative Mind}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {79},
  number = {1},
  pages = {129--143},
  xref = {Review of boden:1990a.},
  topic = {creativity;}  
  } 

@book{ schank:1997a,
  author = {Roger Schank},
  title = {Virtual Learning: A Revolutionary Approach to Building a Highly
    Skilled Workforce},
  publisher = {New York: McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1997},
  address = {New},
  ISBN = {0786311487},
  topic = {computer-assisted-instruction;}  
 } 

@book{ scharfstein:1989a,
  author = {Ben-Ami Scharfstein},
  title = {The Dilemma of Context},
  publisher = {New York University Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0-8147-7916-6},
  topic = {context;social-philosophy;}  
 } 

@incollection{ schaub:1991a,
  author = {Torsten Schaub},
  title = {On Commitment and Cumulativity in Default Logics},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {305--309},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {default-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schaub:1991b,
  author = {Torsten Schaub},
  title = {Assertional Default Theories: A Semantical View},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {496--506},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;default-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schaub:1998a,
  author = {Torsten Schaub},
  title = {The Family of Default Logics},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 2: Reasoning with
                Actual and Potential Contradictions},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {77--134},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ schaub-bruning:1998a,
  author = {Torsten Schaub and Stefan Br\"uning},
  title = {Prolog Technology for Default Reasoning: Proof Theory
  	and Compilation Techniques},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {106},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--75},
  topic = {logic-programming;applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;
  	theorem-proving;default-logic;consistency-checking;}  
  } 

@article{ schauer:1985a,
  author = {Frederick Schauer},
  title = {Slippery Slopes},
  journal = {Harvard Law Review},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {99},
  pages = {361--383},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schauer:2000a,
  author = {Holger Schauer},
  title = {From Elementary Discourse Units to Complex Ones},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  pages = {46--55},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;discourse-structure;}  
  } 

@book{ schecker-wunderli:1975a,
  editor = {Michael Schecker und Peter Wunderli},
  title = {Textgrammatik: Beitr\"age zum Problem der Textualit\"at},
  publisher = {M. Niemeyer},
  year = {1975},
  address = {T\"ubingen},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
} 

@article{ scheffler_i:1955a1,
  author = {Israel Scheffler},
  title = {On Synonymy and Indirect Discourse},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1955},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {39--44},
  xref = {Republication: scheffler_i:1955a2.},
  topic = {synonymy;indirect-discourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ scheffler_i:1955a2,
  author = {Israel Scheffler},
  title = {On Synonymy and Indirect Discourse},
  booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Peter Ludlow},
  pages = {793--800},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication: scheffler_i:1955a1.},
  topic = {synonymy;indirect-discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ scheffler_i:1957a,
  author = {Israel Scheffler},
  title = {Prospects of a Modest Empiricism {I}},
  journal = {The Review of Metaphysics},
  year = {1957},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {383--400},
  topic = {meaningfulness;logical-positivism;empiricism;} 
  } 

@article{ scheffler_i:1957b,
  author = {Israel Scheffler},
  title = {Prospects of a Modest Empiricism {II}},
  journal = {The Review of Metaphysics},
  year = {1957},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {602--625},
  topic = {meaningfulness;logical-positivism;empiricism;dispositions;} 
  } 

@book{ scheffler_i:1982a,
  author = {Israel Scheffler},
  title = {Beyond the Letter: A Philosophical Inquiry into
   	Ambiguity, Vagueness and Metaphor in Language},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1982},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Review: stich:1982a},
  topic = {vagueness;ambiguity;metaphor;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ scheffler_u:2000a,
  author = {Uwe Scheffler},
  title = {Review of {\it The Logic of Intentional
  	Objects: A {M}einongian Version of Classical
	Logic}, by {J}acek {P}a\'sniczek},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {3},
  pages = {429--446},
  xref = {Review of: pasniczek:1998a.},
  topic = {Meinong;intensionality;(non)existence;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schegloff:1972a,
  author = {Emmanuel A. Schegloff},
  title = {Sequencing in Conversational Openings},
  booktitle = {Directions in Sociolinguistics},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {J.J. Gumperz and D.H. Hymes},
  pages = {346--380},
  topic = {ethnomethodology;conversation-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schegloff:1972b,
  author = {Emmanuel A. Schegloff},
  title = {Notes on Conversational Practice: Formulating Place},
  booktitle = {Studies in Social Interaction},
  publisher = {Free Press},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {D. Sudnow},
  pages = {95--135},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {ethnomethodology;conversation-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schegloff:1979a,
  author = {Emmanuel A. Schegloff},
  title = {Identification and Recognition in Telephone Conversation
  	Openings},
  booktitle = {Everyday Language: Studies in Ethnomethodology},
  publisher = {Irvington},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {G. Psathas},
  pages = {23--78},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {ethnomethodology;conversation-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schegloff:1979b,
  author = {Emmanuel A. Schegloff},
  title = {The Relevance of Repair to Syntax-for-Conversation},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 12: Discourse and Syntax},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {T. Givon},
  pages = {261--288},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {conversation-analysis;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schegloff:1984a,
  author = {Emmanuel A. Schegloff},
  title = {On Some Questions and Ambiguities in Conversation},
  booktitle = {Structures of Social Action},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {J.M. Atkinson and J. Heritage},
  address = {Cambridge},
  missinginfo = {date is a guess.},
  topic = {conversation-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schegloff:1991a,
  author = {Emanuel A. Schegloff},
  title = {Conversation Analysis and Socially
     		Shared Cognition},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and 
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {150--171},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schegloff:1992a,
  author = {Emmanuel A. Schegloff},
  title = {To {S}earle on Conversation: A Note in Return},
  booktitle = {(On) {S}earle on Conversation},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Herman Parret and Jef Verschueren},
  pages = {113--128},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ schein:1993a,
  author = {Barry Schein},
  title = {Plurals and Events},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, MA},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;events;sem-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ schellhammer-etal:1998a,
  author = {Ingo Schellhammer and Joachim Diederich and Michael Towsey 
     		and Claudia Brugman},
  title = {Knowledge Extraction and Recurrent Neural Networks: An
  		Analysis of an {E}lman Network Trained on a Natural
		Language Learning Task},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Natural Language
	Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {David M.W. Powers},
  pages = {73--78},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {connectionist-models;language-learning;grammar-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schellhorn-ahrendt:1998a,
  author = {G. Schellhorn and W. Ahrendt},
  title = {The {WAM} Case Study: Verifying
			Compiler Correctness for {P}rolog with {KIV}},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {III}, Applications},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;software-engineering;
		program-verification;}  
  } 

@article{ schellinx:1991a,
  author = {Harold Schellinx},
  title = {Some Syntactical Observations on Linear Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {537--559},
  topic = {linear-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schena:1997a,
  author = {Irene Schena},
  title = {Pomset Logic and Variants in Natural Languages},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {386--405},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ schenkein:1978a,
  editor = {A. Schenkein},
  title = {Studies in the Organization of Conversational Interaction},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1978},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {conversation-analysis;}  
 } 

@article{ scher:1996a,
  author = {G.Y. Scher},
  title = {Did {T}arski Commit `{T}arski's Fallacy'?},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {653--686},
  topic = {logical-consequence;}  
  } 

@article{ scher:1997a,
  author = {G.Y. Sher},
  title = {Partially-Ordered (Branching) Generalized Quantifiers: A
  	General Definition},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--43},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ scher:2001a,
  author = {Gila Sher},
  title = {The Formal-Structural View of Logical Consequence},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {2},
  pages = {241--261},
  topic = {logical-consequence;philosophy-of-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ scherer-ekman:1984a,
  editor = {Klaus R. Scherer and Paul Ekman},
  title = {Approaches To Emotion},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0898593506},
  topic = {emotion;psychology-of-emotion;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ scherl:1992a,
  author = {Richard B. Scherl},
  title = {A Constraint Logic Approach to Automated Modal Deduction},
  school = {Computer Science, University of Illinois},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Urbana, IL},
  topic = {theorem-proving;modal-logic;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ scherl-levesque:1993a,
  author = {Richard B. Scherl and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {The Frame Problem and Knowledge-Producing Actions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert},
  pages = {698--695},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;action;epistemic-logic;frame-problem;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ scherl:1997a,
  author = {Richard B. Scherl},
  title = {Language, Action, and Indexicality},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative
		Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {132--133},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {David Traum},
  topic = {indexicals;context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ scherl-shafer:1998a,
  author = {Richard B. Scherl and Glenn Shafer},
  title = {A Logic of Action and Causality},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  year = {1998},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  pages = {84--93},
  topic = {causality;probability;action;branching-time;
  	decision-trees;}  
 } 

@article{ schervish-etal:1984a,
  author = {Mark Schervish and Teddy Seidenfeld and Jay Kadane},
  title = {The Extent of Non-Conglomerability on Finitely Additive
  	Probabilities},
  journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur {W}ahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und
  	{V}erwandte {G}ebiete},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {66},
  pages = {206--226},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {finitely-additive-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ scheuchter-kaindl:1998a,
  author = {Anton Scheuchter and Hermann Kaindl},
  title = {Benefits of Using Multivalued Functions for
  	Minimizing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {99},
  number = {2},
  pages = {187--208},
  topic = {minimaxing;game-theoretic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ schick_f:1967a,
  author = {Frederic Schick},
  title = {Review of {\it The Logic of Decision}, by {R}ichard {C}.
  	{J}effrey},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {64},
  number = {12},
  pages = {396--400},
  topic = {decision-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schick_f:1988a,
  author = {Frederic Schick},
  title = {Self-Knowledge, Uncertainty, and Choice},
  booktitle = {Decision, Probability, Utility:  Selected Readings},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors and Nils-Eric Sahlin},
  pages = {270--286},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {decision-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ schick_f:1997a,
  author = {Frederic Schick},
  title = {Making Choices: A Recasting of Decision Theory},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: levi_i:1997a.},
  topic = {decision-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ schick_f:2000a,
  author = {Frederick Schick},
  title = {Surprise, Self-Knowledge, and Commonality},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {8},
  pages = {440--453},
  topic = {surprise-examination-paradox;mutual-beliefs;}  
  } 

@book{ schick_kd:1996a,
  author = {Kerl D. Schick},
  title = {Philosophy of Logic},
  publisher = {Alden Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophy-of-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ schiffer:1972a,
  author = {Stephen Schiffer},
  title = {Meaning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1972},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language;
  	convention;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ schiffer:1978a,
  author = {Stephen Schiffer},
  title = {The Basis of Reference},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {171--206},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;reference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schiffer:1978b,
  author = {Stephen Schiffer},
  title = {Naming and Knowing},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {61--74},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {reference;a-priori;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schiffer:1981a,
  author = {Stephen Schiffer},
  title = {Truth and the Theory of Content},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Understanding},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {H. Parret and J. Bouveresse},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {truth;context;}  
  } 

@article{ schiffer:1982a,
  author = {Stephen Schiffer},
  title = {Intention-Based Semantics},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Commentary: bennett_j:1982a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schiffer:1986a,
  author = {Stephen Schiffer},
  title = {Compositional Semantics and Language Understanding},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {175--207},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;implicature;speaker-meaning;Grice;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ schiffer:1987a,
  author = {Steven Schiffer},
  title = {Remnants of Meaning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Discussion: schiffer:1988a,},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ schiffer:1987b,
  author = {Steven Schiffer},
  title = {Existentialist Semantics and Sententialist Theories of
  	Belief},
  booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Ernest LePore},
  pages = {113--142},
  address = {London},
  contentnote = {Argues against sentential reps of prop atts. SS
  	believes this suggests foundational problems for semantics.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language;
  	belief;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schiffer:1987c,
  author = {Steven Schiffer},
  title = {The `Fido'-Fido Theory of Belief},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 1: Metaphysics},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  address = {Oxford},
  pages = {455-480},
  topic = {belief;syntactic-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ schiffer:1988a,
  author = {Steven Schiffer},
  title = {Overview of the Book},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--8},
  xref = {Summary of schiffer:1987a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ schiffer:1988b,
  author = {Steven Schiffer},
  title = {Reply to Comments},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--63},
  xref = {Discussion of schiffer:1987a.  Reply to hornstein:1988a,
  	johnston_m1:1988a, partee:1988a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ schiffer:1991a,
  author = {Stephen Schiffer},
  title = {Ceteris Paribus Laws},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {100},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--17},
  topic = {ramification-problem;natural-laws;
  	ceteris-paribus-generalizations;}  
  } 

@article{ schiffer:1992a,
  author = {Stephen Schiffer},
  title = {Belief Ascription},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {89},
  pages = {499--521},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {belief;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schiffer:1993a,
  author = {Stephen Schiffer},
  title = {Actual-Language Relations},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {231--258},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {convention;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ schiffer:1995a,
  author = {Stephen Schiffer},
  title = {Reply to {R}ay},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {397--401},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;compositionality;}  
  } 

@article{ schiffer:1995b,
  author = {Stephen Schiffer},
  title = {Descriptions, Indexicals, and Belief Reports:
	Some Dilemmas (But Not the Ones You Expect)},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {104},
  number = {413},
  pages = {107--131},
  topic = {indexicals;reference;}  
  } 

@article{ schiffer:1996a,
  author = {Stephen Schiffer},
  title = {Review of {\it Direct Reference: From Language to
  	Thought}, by {F}ran\c{c}ois {R}ecanati},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--102},
  xref = {Review of recanati:1997a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-mind;reference;}  
  } 

@article{ schiffer:1996b,
  author = {Stephen Schiffer},
  title = {Contextualist Solutions to Skepticism},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {96},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {317--333},
  topic = {agent-attitudes;context;skepticism;}  
 } 

@incollection{ schiffer:1999a,
  author = {Stephen Schiffer},
  title = {The Epistemic Theory of Vagueness},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 13: Epistemology, 1999},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {481--503},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schiffer:2000a,
  author = {Stephen Schiffer},
  title = {Vagueness and Partial Belief},
  booktitle = {Skepticism},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Ernest Sosa and Enrique Villanueva},
  pages = {220--257},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Commentary: horwich:2000a, valdivia:2000a, marqueze:2000a,
  	barnett:2000a.  Reply to commentary: schiffer:2000a.},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schiffer:2000b,
  author = {Steven Schiffer},
  title = {Replies},
  booktitle = {Skepticism},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Ernest Sosa and Enrique Villanueva},
  pages = {321--343},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ schiffer:2002a,
  author = {Stephen Schiffer},
  title = {Amazing Knowledge},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {99},
  number = {4},
  pages = {200--202},
  xref = {Commentary on: stanley-williamson:2001a},
  topic = {knowing-how;knowledge;}  
  } 

@book{ schiffrin:1987a,
  author = {Deborah Schiffrin},
  title = {Discourse Markers},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {5},
  address = {Cambridge, UK},
  series = {Studies in International Linguistics},
  ISBN = {0521303850},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
 } 

@book{ schiffrin:1994a,
  author = {Deborah Schiffrin},
  title = {Approaches to Discourse},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {063116622X (acid-free paper)},
  topic = {pragmatics;discourse-analysis;}  
 } 

@incollection{ schild:1994a,
  author = {Klaus Schild},
  title = {Terminological Cycles and the Propositional $\mu$-Calculus},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {509--520},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schilder:1998a,
  author = {Frank Schilder},
  title = {Temporal Discourse Markers and the Flow of Events},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {58--61},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;temporal-discourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schilder:1999a,
  author = {Frank Schilder},
  title = {Reference Hashed},
  booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and
  	Reference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu},
  pages = {100--109},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {anaphora;discourse-referents;}  
  } 

@book{ schilpp:1963a,
  editor = {Paul Schilpp},
  title = {The Philosophy of {R}udolph {C}arnap},
  publisher = {Open Court},
  year = {1963},
  address = {LaSalle, Illinois},
  topic = {Carnap;}  
 } 

@book{ schirn:1996a,
  author = {Matthias Schirn},
  title = {Frege: Importance and Legacy},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  xref = {Review: sullivan:2000a.},
  topic = {Frege;}  
 } 

@incollection{ schlangen-lascarides:2002a,
  author = {David Schlangen and Alex Lascarides},
  title = {Resolving Fragments Using Discourse Information},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {161--168},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;ellipsis;} 
  } 

@book{ schlechta:1992a,
  author = {Karl Schelechta},
  title = {Results on Non-Monotonic Logics},
  publisher = {IBM},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Yorktown Heights, New York},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ schlechta-makinson:1994a,
  author = {Karl Schlechta and David C. Makinson},
  title = {Local and Global Metrics for the Semantics of Counterfactual
  	Conditionals},
  journal = {Journal of applied Non-Classical Logics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {129--140},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ schlechta:1996a,
  author = {Karl Schlechta},
  title = {Completeness and Incompleteness for Plausibility Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {177--192},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schlechta:1996b,
  author = {Karl Schlechta},
  title = {Some Completeness Results for Classical Preferential Logics},
  booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in
  	Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott},
  pages = {229--237},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schlechta-etal:1996a,
  author = {Karl Schlechta and Daniel Lehmann and Menachem Magidor},
  title = {Distance Semantics for Belief Revision},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {137--145},
  address = {San Francisco},
  contentnote = {Distance Semantics are "closest-possible-worlds"
  	semantics, as in the semantics of conditionals.},
  topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ schlechta:1997a,
  author = {Karl Schlechta},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Logics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Introduction
	2. Preferential Logics and Related Topics
	3. Defaults as Generalized Quantifiers
	4. Logic and Analysis
	5. Theory Revision and Probability
	6. Structured Reasoning
   } ,
  ISBN = {3-540-62482-1},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ schlechta:2000a,
  author = {Karl Schlechta},
  title = {New Techniques and Completeness Results for Preferential
  	Structures},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {2},
  pages = {719--746},
  topic = {model-preference;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ schlenninx:1998a,
  author = {Harold Schlenninx},
  title = {Review of {\em Basic Proof Theory},
		by {A}.{S}. {T}roelstra and {H}. {S}chwichtenberg},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {221--223},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ schlesinger_gn:1993a,
  author = {George N Schlesinger},
  title = {Review of {\it The Disappearance of Time: {K}urt
  	{G}\"odel and the Idealistic Tradition in Philosophy},
	by {P}alle {Y}ourgrau},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {102},
  number = {4},
  pages = {602--604},
  xref = {Review of: yourgrau:1991a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-time;Goedel;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schlesinger_im:1971a,
  author = {I.M. Schlesinger},
  title = {On Linguistic Competence},
  booktitle = {Pragmatics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  pages = {150--172},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schlobohm:1985a,
  author =  {Dean Schlobohm},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {765 -- 815},
  title = {{TA}---A Prolog Program which Analyzes Income Tax Issues
       under Section 318(A) of the Internal Revenue Code},
  booktitle = {Computing Power and Legal Reasoning},
  publisher = {West Publishing Co.},
  editor = {Charles Walter},
  address = {Saint Paul, Minnesota},
  topic = {legal-AI;tax-law;}  
  } 

@article{ schlossberger:1980a,
  author = {Eugene Schlossberger},
  title = {Similarity and Counterfactuals},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {40},
  pages = {80--82},
  missinginfo = {Year, volume may be off a little.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ schmaus:1998a,
  author = {Warren Schmaus},
  title = {Functionalism and the Meaning of Social Facts},
  booktitle = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed
	Papers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {314--323},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {functionalism;philosophy-of-social-science;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schmerling:1975a1,
  author = {Susan F. Schmerling},
  title = {Asymmetric Conjunction and Rules of Conversation},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Peter Cole and Jerry Morgan},
  pages = {211--232},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ schmerling:1983a,
  author = {Susan F. Schmerling},
  title = {Two Theories of Syntactic Categories},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {393--421},
  topic = {syntactic-categories;}  
  } 

@article{ schmidt_cf-etal:1978a,
  author = {C.F. Schmidt and N.S. Sridharan and J.L. Goodson},
  title = {The Plan Recognition Problem: An Intersection of
  	Psychology and Artificial Intelligence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {45--83},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {plan-recognition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ schmidt_da:1994a,
  author = {David A. Schmidt},
  title = {The Structure of Typed Programming Languages},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {theory-of-programming-languages;}  
 } 

@incollection{ schmidt_ra:1998a,
  author = {Renate A. Schmidt},
  title = {Resolution is a Decision Procedure for Many Propositional
  	Modal Logics},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {187--208},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;resolution;decidability;}  
  } 

@article{ schmidt_t-shenoy:1998a,
  author = {Tuija Schmidt and Prakesh Shenoy},
  title = {Some Improvements to the {S}henoy-{S}hafer and
  	{H}ugin Architectures for Computing Marginals},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {102},
  number = {2},
  pages = {323--333},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schmidtschauss:1989a,
  author = {Manfred Schmidt-Schau{\ss}},
  title = {Subsumption in KL-ONE is Undecidable},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {421--431},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;complexity-in-AI;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ schmidtschauss-smolka:1991a,
  author = {Manfred Schmidt-Schau{\ss}; and Gert Smolka},
  title = {Attributive Concept Descriptions with Complements},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {48},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--26},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We investigate the consequences of adding unions and complements
     to attributive concept descriptions employed in terminological
     knowledge representation languages. It is shown that deciding
     coherence and subsumption of such descriptions are
     PSPACE-complete problems that can be decided with linear space.},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ schmiedel:1992a,
  author = {Albrecht Schmiedel},
  title = {For a More Expressive Query Language},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {98--102},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schmolze:1989a,
  author = {James G. Schmolze},
  title = {Terminological Knowledge Representation Systems Suporting
  	N-Ary Terms},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {432--443},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-course;relational-reasoning;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ schneider_bsw:2001a,
  author = {Bernd S.W. Schneider},
  title = {Determining if ({FC)}-Conflict-Directed Backjumping
  	Visits a Given Node is {NP}-Hard},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {132},
  number = {1},
  pages = {105--117},
  topic = {search;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ schneider_e:1953a,
  author = {Erna Schneider},
  title = {Recent Discussions on Subjunctive Conditionals},
  journal = {Review of Metaphysics},
  year = {1953},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {623--649},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schneider_hj:1979a,
  author = {Hans J. Schneider},
  title = {Explanation and Understanding in the Theory of Language},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {216--225},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schneider_r:1998a,
  author = {Ren\'e Schneider},
  title = {A Lexically-Intensive Algorithm for
     		Domain-Specific Knowledge Acquisition},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Natural Language
	Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {David M.W. Powers},
  pages = {19--28},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-learning;intelligent-information-retrieval;
  	text-skimming;machine-language-learning;finite-state-nlp;}  
  } 

@book{ schneiderhufschmidt:1993a,
  editor = {Matthias Schneider-Hufschmidt and Thomas Kühme and Uwe
  		Malinowski},
  title = {Adaptive User Interfaces: Principles and Practice},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444815457 (acid-free paper)},
  topic = {adaptive-interfaces;}  
 } 

@incollection{ schnelle:1971a,
  author = {Helmut Schnelle},
  title = {Language Communication with Children---toward
  	a Theory of Language Use},
  booktitle = {Pragmatics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  pages = {173--193},
  topic = {pragmatics;child-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schnelle:1976a,
  author = {Helmut Schnelle},
  title = {Basic Aspects of the Theory of Grammatical Form},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {377--404},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {transformational-grammar;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schnelle:1979a,
  author = {Helmut Schnelle},
  title = {Circumstance Sentences},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second
		{J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Avishai Margalit},
  pages = {93--115},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {context;indexicatity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schnelle:1988a,
  author = {Helmut Schnelle},
  title = {Turing Naturalized: {V}on {N}eumann's Unfinished Project},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {539--559},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {foundations-of-computation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schnelle:1989a,
  author = {Helmut Schnelle},
  title = {Linguistic Research in the Context of
		Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence:
		An Introduction},
  booktitle = {Logic and Linguistics},
  publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen},
  pages = {1--36},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  topic = {cognitive-science-general;linguistics-general;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schnelle:1989b,
  author = {Helmut Schnelle},
  title = {The Challenge of Concrete Linguistic
		Description: Connectionism, Massively Parallel
		Distributed Processing, Net-Linguistics},
  booktitle = {Logic and Linguistics},
  publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen},
  pages = {143--170},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  topic = {connectionism;linguistics-general;}  
  } 

@book{ schnelle-bernsen:1989a,
  editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen},
  title = {Logic and Linguistics},
  publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Niels Ole Bernsen, "General Introduction: A {E}uropean
		Perspective on Cognitive Science"
  	2. Helmut Schnelle, "Linguistic Research in the Context of
		Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence:
		An Introduction"
  	3. John Laver, "Cognitive Science and Speech: A Framework for
		Research"
  	4. Ewan Klein, "Grammar Frameworks"
  	5. Johan van Benthem, "Logical Semantics"
  	6. Franz Guenthner, "Discourse: Understanding in Context"
  	7. Helmut Schnelle, "The Challenge of Concrete Linguistic
		Description: Connectionism, Massively Parallel
		Distributed Processing, Net-Linguistics"
  	8. Wolfgang Wahlster, "Natural Language Systems:  Some
		Research Trends"
  	9. Johan van Benthem, "Reasoning and Cognition: Towards a
		Wider Perspective in Logic"
  } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ schnelle:1994a,
  author = {Helmut Schnelle},
  title = {Semantics in the Brain's Lexicon---Some
   		Preliminary Remarks on Its Epistemology},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {345--356},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;psychological-reality;
		nl-semantics-and-cognition;}  
  } 

@article{ schnelle:1999a,
  author = {Helmut Schnelle},
  title = {Mental Computation---A Critical Analysis of Some Proposals
  	by {M}. {B}ierwisch},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2/3},
  pages = {257--282},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;linguistics-methodology;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ schober-etal:1999a,
  author = {Michael F. Schober and Frederic G. Conrad and Jonathan E.
			Bloom},
  title = {Enhancing Collaboration in Computer-Administered
			Survey Interviews},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {108--115},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;collaboration;}  
  } 

@article{ schock:1974a,
  author = {Rolf Schock},
  title = {A Critique of Some Logical Treatments of Ontological
  	Predicates},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {317--322},
  topic = {(non)existence;logic-and-ontology;}  
  } 

@article{ schoeter:1996a,
  author = {Andreas {Sch\"oter}},
  title = {Evidential Bilattice Logic and Lexical Inference},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--105},
  topic = {bilattices;relevance-logic;nl-semantics;presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ scholes-willis:1990a,
  author = {Robert J. Scholes and Brenda J. Willis},
  title = {Prosodic and Syntactic Functions of
	Punctuation---A Contribution to the Study of Orality and Literacy},
  journal = {Interchange},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {13--20},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ schone-jurafsky:2000a,
  author = {Patrick Schone and Daniel Jurafsky},
  title = {Knowledge-Free Induction
            of Morphology Using Latent Semantic Analysis},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {67--72},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;computational-morphology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schoning:1988a,
  author = {Uwe Sch\"oning},
  title = {Complexity Theory and Interactions},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {561--580},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {complexity-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ schoning:1989a,
  author = {Uwe Sch\"oning},
  title = {Logic for Computer Scientists},
  publisher = {Birkhäuser,},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Boston},
  ISBN = {0817634533},
  topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ schoning-pruim:1998a,
  author = {Uwe Sch\"oning and Randall Pruim},
  title = {Gems of Theoretical Computer Science},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-540-64425-3},
  xref = {Review: parikh_r:2000a.},
  topic = {theory-of-computation;}  
 } 

@article{ schoppers:1995a,
  author = {Marcel Schoppers},
  title = {The use of Dynamics in an Intelligent Controller for a
  	Space Faring Rescue Robot},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {73},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {175--230},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The NASA Extra Vehicular Activity Retriever (EVAR) robot is
     being designed to retrieve astronauts or objects that become
     detached from the orbiting Space Station. This task requires
     that the robot's intelligent controller must rely heavily on
     orbital dynamics predictions, without becoming blind to the wide
     variety of anomalies that may occur. This article describes the
     controller's Universal Plan (U.P.) and some technical lessons
     learned from it. The U.P.  reacts not to actual current states
     but to estimated states, which are obtained using goal-directed
     active perception. A modal logic formalization of discrete-event
     dynamics allows us to finely analyze and specify the
     interactions of knowledge, belief, sensing, acting, and time
     within the U.P. The U.P.  now acts like a hands-off manager: it
     makes regular observations, grants some leeway for unobservable
     or ill-modelled processes, has faith in subsystem dynamics, and
     takes action only to manipulate subsystems into delivering
     desired progress. Most of the time, the appropriate action is to
     do nothing.  Finally we examine properties of the application
     that allowed the U.P. to deliver robust goal achievement despite
     misleading state estimates, weak models of relevant processes,
     and unpredictable disturbances.
  } ,
  topic = {modal-logic;active-perception;planning-formalisms;
  	orbital-dynamics;}  
  } 

@article{ schotch:2000a,
  author = {Peter Schotch},
  title = {Skepticism and Epistemic Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {187--198},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;multi-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ schrag-crawford:1996a,
  author = {Robert Schrag and James M Crawford},
  title = {Implicatures and Prime Implicates in Random 3-{SAT}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {81},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {199--222},
  topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;
  	computational-phase-transitions;prime-implicants;}  
  } 

@article{ schroder:1992a,
  author = {Joachim Schr\"oder},
  title = {K\"orner's Criterion of Relevance and Analytic Tableaux},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {183--192},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ schroeder_r:1996a,
  author = {Ralph Schroeder},
  title = {Possible Worlds: The Social Dynamic of Virtual Reality
  	Technology},
  publisher = {Westview Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Boulder},
  ISBN = {0813329558 (hardcover)},
  topic = {virtual-reality;}  
 } 

@article{ schroederheister:1983a,
  author = {Peter Schroeder-Heister},
  title = {The Completeness of Intuitionistic Logic with Respect to
  	a Validity Concept Based on an Inversion Principle},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {359--376},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@book{ schroederheister:1991a,
  editor = {Peter Schroeder-Heister},
  title = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Extensions of
  	Logic Programming},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {354053590X},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
 } 

@book{ schroederheister:1991b,
  editor = {Peter Schroeder-Heister},
  title = {Extensions of Logic Programming: Second International
  	Workshop},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {354053590X},
  topic = {extensions-of-logic-programming;}  
 } 

@book{ schroederheister:1996a,
  editor = {Peter Schroeder-Heister},
  title = {Extensions of Logic Programming: Proceedings of the
  	Fifth International Workshop},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  address = {Berlin},
  number = {1050},
  ISBN = {3540609830},
  title = {Common Discourse Particles in {E}nglish Conversation},
  publisher = {Garland Publishing, Inc.},
  year = {1985},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;}  
 } 

@article{ schubert:1976a,
  author = {Lenhart K. Schubert},
  title = {Extending the Expressive Power of Semantic Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {163--198},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     ``Factual knowledge'' used by natural language processing
     systems can be conveniently represented in the form of semantic
     networks. Compared to a ``linear'' representation such as that
     of the Predicate Calculus however, semantic networks present
     special problems with respect to the use of logical connectives,
     quantifiers, descriptions, and certain other constructions.
     Systematic solutions to these problems will be proposed, in the
     form of extensions to a more or less conventional network
     notation.  Predicate Calculus translations of network
     propositions will frequently be given for comparison, to
     illustrate the close kinship of the two forms of representation.
   } ,
  topic = {semantic-networks;first-order-logic;kr;}  
  } 

@article{ schubert:1987a,
 author = {Lenhart Schubert},
  title = {Remarks on `A Critique of Pure Reason,' by {D}rew
  	{M}c{D}ermott},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {210--214},
  xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schubert-pelletier:1987a,
  author = {Lenhart K. Schubert and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  title = {Problems in the Representation of Generics, Plurals, and
  	Mass Nouns},
  booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Ernest LePore},
  pages = {385--451},
  address = {London},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;mass-term-semantics;generics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schubert-pelletier:1988a,
 author = {Lenhart Schubert and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  title = {Generically Speaking, or, Using Discourse Representation
  	Theory to Interpret Generics},
  booktitle = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vol. 2},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  pages = {193--268},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;generics;discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schubert-hwang:1989a,
  author = {Lenhart D. Schubert and Chung-Hee Hwang},
  title = {An Episodic Knowledge Representation for Narrative Text},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {444--458},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {events;nl-semantics;narrative-representation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schubert:1990a,
  author = {Lenhart Schubert},
  title = {Monotonic Solution of the Frame Problem in the Situation
  	Calculus; an Efficient Method for Worlds With Fully Specified
	Actions},
  booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson},
  pages = {23--67},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {kr;frame-problem;foundations-of-planning;action-formalisms;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schubert:1991a,
  author = {Lenhart K. Schubert},
  title = {Semantic Nets are in the Eye of the Beholder},
  booktitle = {Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in
  	the Representation of Knowledge},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {John F. Sowa},
  pages = {95--107},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;}  
  } 

@techreport{ schubert:1992a,
  author = {Lenhart K. Schubert},
  title = {Explanation Closure, Action, and the {S}andewall Test
  	Suite for Reasoning about Change},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Rochester},
  number = {440},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Rochester, New York},
  topic = {frame-problem;causal-reasoning;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schubert:1996a,
  author = {Lenhart Schubert},
  title = {Implementations and Research: Discussions at the Boundary
  	(Position Statement)},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {661--662},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;AI-implementations;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ schubert:1999a,
  author = {Lenhart K. Schubert},
  title = {The Situations We Talk about},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;events;Aktionsarten;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schubert:2000a,
  author = {Lenhart K. Schubert},
  title = {The Situations We Talk about},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {407--439},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;nl-interpretation;events;Aktionsarten;}  
  } 

@book{ schueler:1989a,
  author = {G.F. Schueler},
  title = {The Idea of a Reason for Acting: A Philosophical Argument},
  publisher = {E. Mellen Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Lewiston, New York},
  ISBN = {0889463441},
  topic = {reasons-for-acting;}  
 } 

@book{ schueler:1995a,
  author = {G.F. Schueler},
  title = {Desire: Its Role in Practical Reason and the Explanation
  	of Action},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {action;qualitative-utility;desire;practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ schukin:1977a,
  author = {Yefim Schukin},
  title = {Review of {\it Natural and Artificial Intelligence
  	(Conceptual Approach)---Materials of the
	Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial
	Intelligence}  (in {R}ussian), by {V}.{V}. {C}havchanidze et al.},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {233--238},
  topic = {AI-general;}  
  } 

@book{ schuler-namioka:1993a,
  editor = {Douglas Schuler and Aki Namioka},
  title = {Participatory Design: Principles and Practices},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0805809511 (cloth)},
  topic = {software-engineeering;}  
 } 

@incollection{ schulmann-etal:1998a,
  author = {J. Schulmann et al.},
  title = {Parallel Theorem Provers Based on {SETHO}},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ schulte:1999a,
  author = {Oliver Schulte},
  title = {The Logic of Reliable and Efficient Inquiry},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {4},
  pages = {399--438},
  topic = {induction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schultz-gabbay:1995b,
  author = {Klaus U. Schultz Dov M. Gabbay},
  title = {Logic Finite Automata},
  booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why?  Logical Approaches to
       Natural Language},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {237--285},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {generalizations-of-finite-state-automata;}  
  } 

@book{ schultz_kd:1997a,
  author = {Klaus-Dieter Schultz},
  title = {Die {T}hese von {C}hurch},
  publisher = {Peter Lang},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {Church's-thesis;foundations-of-cognition;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ schultz_s-hahn_u:2000a,
  author = {Stefan Schultz and Udo Hahn},
  title = {Knowledge Engineering by Large-Scale Knowledge
  	Reuse---Experience from the Medical Domain},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {601--610},
  topic = {knowledge-engineering;knowledge-reuse;medical-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schultz_s-hahn:2002a,
  author = {Stefan Schultz and Udo Hahn},
  title = {Necessary Parts and Wholes in Bio-Ontologies},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {387--394},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;mereology;computational-ontology;} 
  } 

@incollection{ schulz-gabbay:1995a,
  author = {Klaus U. Schulz and Dov M. Gabbay},
  title = {Logic Finite Automata},
  booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why?  Logical Approaches to
       Natural Language},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {237--285},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {finite-state-automata;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schumann:1998a,
  author = {J. Schumann},
  title = {Introduction (to Part {II}: Automated Deduction
			in Software Engineering and Hardware Design )},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {III}, Applications},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;software-engineering;}  
  } 

@article{ schumm:1975a,
  author = {George F. Schumm},
  title = {Wajsberg Normal Forms for {S5}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {357--360},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ schurtz_g1:1991a,
  author = {George Schurtz},
  title = {How Far Can {H}ume's Is-Ought Thesis Be Generalized?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {37--95},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ schurtz_g1:1997a,
  author = {George Schurtz},
  title = {The Is-Ought Problem: An Investigation in
  	Philosophical Logic},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-7923-4410-3},
  xref = {Review: livingston:2000a},
  topic = {deontic-logic;Hume;}  
 } 

@book{ schurz:1997a,
  author = {Gerhard Schurz},
  title = {The Is-Ought Problem: An Investigation in Philosophical Logic},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792344103},
  topic = {deontic-logic;metaethics;}  
 } 

@article{ schurz_g2:1998a,
  author = {Gerhard Schurz},
  title = {Probabilistic Semantics for {D}elgrande's Conditional
  	Logic and a Counterexample to His Default Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {102},
  number = {1},
  pages = {81--95},
  topic = {default-logic;conditionals;probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ schutze_ct:1996a,
  author = {Carson T. Sch\"utze},
  title = {The Empirical Basis of Linguistics: Grammaticality
  	Judgments and Linguistic Methodology},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  xref = {Review: keller:1999a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ schutze_h:1997a,
  author = {Hinrich Sch\"utze},
  title = {Ambiguity Resolution in Language
		Learning: Computational and Cognitive Models},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Stanford University},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;L1-language-learning;
		disambiguation;ambiguity;}  
 } 

@article{ schutze_h:1998a,
  author = {Heinrich Sch\"utze},
  title = {Automatic Word Sense Discrimination},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--123},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;}  
  } 

@article{ schuurmans-southey:2001a,
  author = {Dale Schuurmans and Finnegan Southey},
  title = {Local Search Characteristics of Incomplete {SAT} 
  	Procedures},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {132},
  number = {2},
  pages = {121--150},
  topic = {search;model-construction;AI-algorithms-analysis;}  
  } 

@article{ schwalb-dechter_r:1997a,
  author = {Eddie Schwalb and Rena Dechter},
  title = {Processing Disjunctions in Temporal Constraint Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {93},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {29--61},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;constraint-satisfaction;kr;krcourse;}  
  } 

@article{ schwartz_b1:1977a,
  author = {Barry Schwartz},
  title = {On Pragmatic Presupposition},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {247--257},
  topic = {pragmatics;presupposition;}  
  } 

@article{ schwartz_b2:1998a,
  author = {Bernhard Schwartz},
  title = {Reduced Conditionals in {G}erman: Event Quantification
  	and Definiteness},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {271--337},
  topic = {conditionals;events;definiteness;German-language;}  
  } 

@article{ schwartz_dg:1997a,
  author = {Daniel G. Scheartz},
  title = {An Abstract, Argumentation-Theoretic Approach to Default
  	Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {93},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {103--167},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;synamic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ schwartz_dg:1997b,
  author = {Daniel G. Schwartz},
  title = {Dynamic Reasoning with Qualified Syllogisms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {93},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {103--167},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A qualified syllogism is a classical Aristotelean syllogism that
     has been ``qualified'' through the use of fuzzy quantifiers,
     likelihood modifiers, and usuality modifiers, e.g., ``Most birds
     can fly; Tweety is a bird; therefore, it is likely that Tweety
     can fly.''  This paper introduces a formal logic Q of such
     syllogisms and shows how this may be employed in a system of
     nonmonotonic reasoning.  In process are defined the notions of
     path logic and dynamic reasoning system (DRS).  The former is an
     adaptation of the conventional formal system which explicitly
     portrays reasoning as an activity that takes place in time.  The
     latter consists of a path logic together with a
     multiple-inheritance hierarchy.  The hierarchy duplicates some of
     the information recorded in the path logic, but additionally
     provides an extralogical specificity relation.  The system uses
     typed predicates to formally distinguish between properties and
     kinds of things.  The effectiveness of the approach is
     demonstrated through analysis of several ``puzzles'' that have
     appeared previously in the literature, e.g., Tweety the Bird,
     Clyde the Elephant, and Nixon Diamond.  It is also outlined how
     the DRS framework accommodates other reasoning techniques -- in
     particular, predicate circumscription, a ``localized'' version of
     default logic, a variant of nonmonotonic logic, and reason
     maintenance.  } ,
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;inheritance-theory;frame-problem;
  	fuzzy-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ schwartz_ds:1978a,
  author = {David S. Schwartz},
  title = {Causality, Referring, and Proper Names},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {225--233},
  topic = {semantics-of-proper-names;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ schwartz_f:1998a,
  author = {Fritz Schwartz},
  title = {{ALLTYPES}: An Algebraic Language and {TYPE} System},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {270--283},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {automated-algebra;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schwartz_g:1992a,
  author = {Grigori Schwartz},
  title = {Bounding Introspection in a Nonmonotonic Logic},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {581--590},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schwartz_g-truszczynski:1992a,
  author = {Grigiri Schwartz and Marek Truszczy\'nski},
  title = {Modal Logic {S4F} and the Minimal Knowledge Paradigm},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {184--198},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {modal-logic;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ schwartz_g-truszczynski:1994a,
  author = {Grigiri Schwartz and Marek Truszczy\'nski},
  title = {Minimal Knowledge Problem: A New Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {113--141},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In this paper we propose a new logic of minimal knowledge.  Our
     approach falls into the general scheme of Shoham's preference
     semantics.  It stems from an earlier work on logics of minimal
     knowledge by Halpern and Moses, Lin and Shoham, and Lifschitz.
     The novelty of our work is in a procedure for minimizing
     knowledge which we propose in this paper, and which is different
     from earlier proposals.  We show that our logic preserves most
     desirable properties of earlier formalisms and at the same time
     avoids some of their drawbacks.  In addition to a semantic
     definition of our system, we provide its equivalent syntactic
     characterization which relates our logic with the nonmonotonic
     modal logic S4F and allows us to use in our investigations
     standard modal logic techniques.  } ,
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;preferred-models;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ schwartz_j:1988a,
  author = {Joel Schwartz},
  title = {Speaking Your Language},
  journal = {{USA}ir Magazine},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {90--93},
  month = {May},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nlp-technology;}  
  } 

@article{ schwartz_jt-sharir:1988a,
  author = {J.T. Schwartz and M. Sharir},
  title = {A Survey of Motion Planning and Related
  	Geometric Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {157--169},
  topic = {motion-planning;}  
  } 

@book{ schwartz_n:1996a,
  author = {Norbert Schwartz},
  title = {Cognition and Communication: Judgmental Biases, Research
  	Methods, and the Logic of Conversation},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {Grice;psycholinguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ schwartz_s:1987a,
  author = {S. Schwartz},
  title = {Intuitionism and the Sorites},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {47},
  number = {4},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ schwartz_t:1975a,
  author = {Thomas Schwartz},
  title = {The Logic of Modifiers},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {361--380},
  topic = {adverbs;adjectives;}  
  } 

@article{ schwartz_t:1997a,
  author = {Thomas Schwartz},
  title = {{\it De Re} Language, {\it De Re} Eliminability, and
  	the Essential Limits of Both},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {521--544},
  topic = {singular-propositions;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ schwartzschild:1993b,
  author = {Roger Schwartzschild},
  title = {Against Groups},
  year = {1993},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University
  	of Massachusetts.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;}  
  } 

@article{ schwarz_g:1995a,
  author = {Grigori Schwarz},
  title = {In Search of a `True' Logic of Knowledge: The Nonmonotonic
  	Perspective},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {79},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39--63},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Modal logics are currently widely accepted as a suitable tool of
     knowledge representation, and the question what logics are
     better suited for representing knowledge is of particular
     importance.  Usually, some axiom list is given, and arguments
     are presented justifying that suggested axioms agree with
     intuition.  The question why the suggested axioms describe all
     the desired properties of knowledge remains answered only
     partially, by showing that the most obvious and popular
     additional axioms would violate the intuition.
      We suggest the general paradigm of maximal logics and
     demonstrate how it can work for nonmonotonic modal logics.
     Technically, we prove that each of the modal logics KD45, SW5,
     S4F and S4.2 is the strongest modal logic among the logics
     generating the same nonmonotonic logic.  These logics have
     already found important applications in knowledge
     representation, and the obtained results contribute to the
     explanation of this fact.  } ,
  topic = {modal-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ schwarz_g:1996a,
  author = {Grigori Schwarz},
  title = {On Embedding Default Logic into {M}oore's Autoepistemic Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {80},
  number = {2},
  pages = {349--359},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ schwarzchild:1993a,
  author = {Roger Schwartzchild},
  title = {Plurals, Presuppositions, and the Sources of Distributivity},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1993--1994},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {201--248},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plurals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schwarze:1979a,
  author = {Christoph Schwarze},
  title = {Reparer--Reparieren.  A Contrastive Study},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {304--323},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ schwarzschild:1991a,
  author = {Roger Schwarzschild},
  title = {On the Meaning of Definite Plural Noun Phrases},
  school = {University of Massachusetts at Amherst},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;}  
 } 

@article{ schwarzschild:1992a,
  author = {Roger Schwarzschild},
  title = {Types of Plural Individuals},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  number = {6},
  pages = {641--675},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;}  
  } 

@book{ schwarzschild:1996a,
  author = {Roger Schwarzschild},
  title = {Pluralities},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;}  
 } 

@article{ schwarzschild:1999a,
  author = {Roger Schwarzschild},
  title = {Givenness, AvoidF and Other Constraints on the Placement
  	of Accent},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {141--177},
  topic = {intonation;stress;discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ schwarzschild-wilkinson:2002a,
  author = {Roger Schwarzschild and Karina Wilkinson},
  title = {Quantifiers in Comparatives: A Semantics of Degree
  	Based on Intervals},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--41},
  topic = {comparative-constructions;nl-semantics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ schwayder:1978a,
  author = {David Schwayder},
  title = {A Semantics of Utterance},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {244--259},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {speech-acts;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ schweikard-schwarzer:1998a,
  author = {Achim Schweikard and Fabian Schwarzer},
  title = {Detecting Geometric Infeasibility},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {139--159},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;geometrical-reasoning;motion-planning;
  	assembly;}  
  } 

@article{ schweitzer:1992a,
  author = {Paul Schweitzer},
  title = {A Syntactical Approach to Modality},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--31},
  topic = {syntactic-attitudes;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ schweitzer:1993a,
  author = {Paul Schweitzer},
  title = {Quantified {Q}uinean {S5}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {6},
  pages = {589--605},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;syntactic-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ schweizer:1991a,
  author = {Paul Schweizer},
  title = {A Metalinguistic Treatment of Epistemic Contexts},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {507--513},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;syntactic-attitudes;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ schwichtenberg:1997a,
  editor = {Helmut Schwichtenberg},
  title = {Logic of Computation},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540629637},
  topic = {logic-in-cs;}  
 } 

@incollection{ schwind-risch:1991a,
  author = {Camilla B. Schwind and Vincent Risch},
  title = {A Tableau-Based Characterisation for Default Logic},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {310--317},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {deault-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ schwitzgebel:2002a,
  author = {Eric Schwitzgebel},
  title = {A Phenomenal, Dispositional Account of Belief},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {36},
  number = {2},
  pages = {249--275},
  topic = {belief;dispositions;} 
  } 

@article{ scotch-jennings_re1:1980a,
  author = {Peter K. Scotch and Raymond E. Jennings},
  title = {Inference and Necessity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {327--340},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ scotch-jennings_re1:1981a,
  author = {Peter K. Scotch and Raymond E. Jennings},
  title = {Non-{K}ripkean Deontic Logic},
  booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Risto Hilpinen},
  pages = {149--162},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ scott:1972a,
  author = {Dana Scott},
  title = {Semantical Archaeology: A Parable},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {666--674},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philsophy-of-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ scott_ac-etal:1991a,
  author = {A. Carlisle Scott and Jan E. Clayton and Elizabeth L. Gibson},
  title = {A Practical Guide To Knowledge Acquisition},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201145979},
  xref = {Review: marcus:1993a.},
  topic = {knowledge-acquisition;}  
 } 

@book{ scott_d1:1991a,
  author = {Derek Scott},
  title = {Human-Computer Interaction: A Cognitive Ergonomics
  		Approach},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood},
  year = {1991},
  address = {New},
  ISBN = {0134414454 (cased)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ scott_d2-desouza:1990a,
  author = {Donia Scott and  Clarisse {S}ieckenius de Souza},
  title = {Getting the message across in {RST}-based Text Generation},
  booktitle = {Current Research in Natural Language Generation},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Robert Dale and Chris Mellish and Michael Zock},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
} 

@incollection{ scott_d2-etal:1998a,
  author = {Donia Scott and Richard Power and Roger Evans},
  title = {Generation as a Solution to Its Own Problem},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {256--265},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;HCI;}  
  } 

@article{ scott_ds-suppes:1958a,
  author = {Dana S. Scott and Patrick Suppes},
  title = {Foundational Aspects of Theories of Measurement},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2},
  pages = {113--128},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;measurement-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ scott_ds:1961a,
  author = {Dana S. Scott},
  title = {More on the Axiom of Extensionality},
  booktitle = {Essays on the Foundations of Mathematics: Dedicated to
  	{A}.{A}. {F}raenkel on his Seventieth Anniversary},
  publisher = {Magnes Press},
  year = {1961},
  pages = {115--131},
  editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  address = {Jerusalem},
  topic = {set-theory;foundations-of-set-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ scott_ds:1964a,
  author = {Dana S. Scott},
  title = {Measurement Models and Linear Inequalities},
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {233--247},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;measurement-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ scott_ds:1966a,
  author = {Dana S. Scott},
  title = {A Proof of the Independence of the Continuum
  	Hypothesis},
  year = {1966},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University.},
  topic = {continuum-hypothesis;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ scott_ds:1966b,
  author = {Dana S. Scott},
  title = {A Logic of Commands},
  year = {1966},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University},
  topic = {deontic-logic;modal-logic;imperative-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ scott_ds:1968a,
  author = {Dana S. Scott},
  title = {Formalizing Intensional Notions},
  year = {1968},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University.},
  topic = {intensionality;intensional-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ scott_ds:1969a,
  author = {Dana S. Scott},
  title = {Advice on Modal Logic},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Problems in Logic: Some Recent Developments},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {Karel Lambert},
  pages = {143--173},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ scott_ds:1970a,
  author = {Dana S. Scott},
  title = {Advice on Modal Logic},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Problems in Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1970},
  editor = {Karel Lambert},
  pages = {143--173},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ scott_ds:1974a,
  author = {Dana S. Scott},
  title = {Does Many-Valued Logic Have Any Use?},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Oxford University.},
  topic = {multi-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ scott_ds:1977a,
  author = {Dana S. Scott},
  title = {Alternative Logics: Fact or Fiction?},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Oxford University.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ scott_ds:1982a,
  author = {Dana S. Scott},
  title = {Domains for Denotational Semantics},
  year = {1982},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	Carnegie Mellon University.},
  topic = {domain-theory;denotational-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ scott_s-matwin:1998a,
  author = {Sam Scott and Stan Matwin},
  title = {Text Classification Using {W}ord{N}et Hypernyms},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {38--44},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;information-retrieval;
  	document-classification;}  
  } 

@article{ scottkakures:1997a,
  author = {Dion Scott-Kakures},
  title = {Self-Knowledge, Akrasia, and Self-Criticism},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1--4},
  pages = {267--295},
  topic = {akrasia;}  
  } 

@article{ scottkakures:2000a,
  author = {Dion Scott-Kakures},
  title = {Motivated Believing},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {34},
  number = {3},
  pages = {348--375},
  topic = {belief;volition;wishful-thinking;self-deception;}  
  } 

@article{ seager:1990a,
  author = {William Seager},
  title = {The Logic of Lost {L}ingens},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {4},
  pages = {407--428},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;propositional-attitudes;indexicals;}  
  } 

@book{ seager:1991a,
  author = {William Seager},
  title = {The Metaphysics of Consciousness},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1991},
  address = {London},
  xref = {heil:1993a},
  topic = {consciousness;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@book{ seager:1999a,
  author = {William Seager},
  title = {Theories of Consciousness},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1999},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0 415 18393 6 (Hb), 0 415 18394 4 (Pb)},
  topic = {consciousness;}  
 } 

@article{ searle:1962a,
  author = {John R. Searle},
  title = {Meaning and Speech Acts},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {71},
  pages = {423--432},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ searle:1964a,
  author = {John R. Searle},
  title = {How to Derive `Ought' from `Is'\.},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {73},
  pages = {43--58},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ searle:1965a,
  author = {John R. Searle},
  title = {What is a Speech Act?},
  booktitle = {Philosophy in {A}merica},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1965},
  editor = {Max Black},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  pages = {615--628},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ searle:1966a1,
  author = {John Searle},
  title = {Assertions and Aberrations},
  booktitle = {British Analytical Philosophy},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1966},
  editor = {Bernard O. Williams and A. Montefiore},
  pages = {44--54},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  contentnote = {This is a pre-Grice consideration of Austin's slogan,
  	"No modification without aberration."},
  xref = {Reprinted; see searle:1966a2.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;presupposition;pragmatics;
  	speaker-meaning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ searle:1966a2,
  author = {John Searle},
  title = {Assertions and Aberrations},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {205--218},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  contentnote = {This is a pre-Grice consideration of Austin's slogan,
  	"No modification without aberration."},
  xref = {Reprinted from see nowell-smith:1960a2.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;presupposition;
  	speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ searle:1966b,
  author = {John R. Searle},
  title = {Review of {F}urberg's {\it Locutionary and Illocutionary
  	Acts: A Main Theme in {J}.{L}. {A}ustin's Philosophy}},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {75},
  pages = {389--391},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ searle:1968a1,
  author = {John R. Searle},
  title = {Austin on Locutionary and Illocutionary Acts},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {77},
  pages = {405--424},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Reprinted in berlin-etal:1973a; see searle:1968a1.},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@incollection{ searle:1968a2,
  author = {John R. Searle},
  title = {Austin on Locutionary and Illocutionary Acts},
  booktitle = {Essays on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Isiah Berlin et al.},
  pages = {141--159},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@book{ searle:1969a,
  author = {John Searle},
  title = {Speech Acts},
  publisher = {Cambridge Univesity Press},
  year = {1969},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ searle:1971a,
  editor = {John Searle},
  title = {Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {Oxford Univesity Press},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ searle:1975a,
  author = {John R. Searle},
  title = {Indirect Speech Acts},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics, Vol. 3: Speech Acts},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Peter Cole and Jerry L. Morgan},
  pages = {59--82},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {indirect-speech-acts;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ searle:1975b,
  author = {John R. Searle},
  title = {A Taxonomy of Illocutionary Acts},
  booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge.  {M}innesota Studies in
  	the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Keith Gunderson},
  pages = {344--369},
  address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ searle:1976a1,
  author = {John Searle},
  title = {The Classification of Illocutionary Acts},
  journal = {Language in Society},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {1--24},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Reprinted in searle:1979a, see searle:1976a2.},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ searle:1976a2,
  author = {John Searle},
  title = {The Classification of Illocutionary Acts},
  booktitle = {Expression and Meaning},
  publisher = {Cambridge Univesity Press},
  year = {1979},
  pages = {1--29},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ searle:1978a,
  author = {John Searle},
  title = {Prima Facie Obligations},
  booktitle = {Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Joseph Raz},
  pages = {81--90},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {prima-facie-obligation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ searle:1978b,
  author = {John R. Searle},
  title = {The Logical Status of Fictional Discourse},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {233--243},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {fiction;speech-acts;fictional-characters;(non)existence;}  
  } 

@book{ searle:1979a,
  author = {John Searle},
  title = {Expression and Meaning},
  publisher = {Cambridge Univesity Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ searle:1979b,
  author = {John R. Searle},
  title = {Intentionality and the Use of Language},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second
		{J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Avishai Margalit},
  pages = {181--197},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {intention;intentionality;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@incollection{ searle:1979c,
  author = {John R. Searle},
  title = {Metaphor},
  booktitle = {Metaphor and Thought},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Andrew Ortnony},
  pages = {265--277},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {metaphor;}  
  } 

@incollection{ searle:1980a,
  author = {John R. Searle},
  title = {The Background of Meaning},
  booktitle = {Speech Act Theory and Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1980},
  editor = {John R. Searle and Ferenc Kiefer and Manfred Bierwisch},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ searle:1980b,
  author = {John Searle},
  title = {Prima-Facie Obligations},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Subjects: Essays Presented to {P.F.} 
  	{S}trawson},
  editor = {Zak {van Straaten}},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  pages = {238--259},
  year = {1980},
  topic = {prima-facie-obligation;}  
    } 

@article{ searle:1980c1,
  author = {John R. Searle},
  title = {Minds, Brains, and Programs},
  journal = {The Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {417--424},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republished: searle:1980a2.},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ searle:1980c2,
  author = {John R. Searle},
  title = {Minds, Brains, and Programs},
  booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {John Haugeland},
  pages = {282--306},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Originally Published: searle:1980a1.},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;foundations-of-cognition;}  
  } 

@book{ searle-etal:1980a,
  editor = {John R. Searle and F. Kiefer and Manfred Bierwisch},
  title = {Speech Act Theory and Pragmatics},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027710430},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ searle-vandervecken:1985a,
  author = {John R. Searle and Daniel Vandervecken},
  title = {Foundations of Illocutionary Logic},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: georgalis:1989a},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ searle:1986a,
  author = {John Searle},
  title = {Meaning, Communication, and Representation},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {209--226},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;Grice;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ searle:1989a,
  author = {John R. Searle},
  title = {How Performatives Work},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {5},
  pages = {535--558},
  topic = {speech-acts;}  
  } 

@incollection{ searle:1992a,
  author = {John Searle},
  title = {Conversation},
  booktitle = {(On) {S}earle on Conversation},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Herman Parret and Jef Verschueren},
  pages = {1--34},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;conversation-analysis;}  
 } 

@book{ searle:1992b,
  author = {John R. Searle},
  title = {The Rediscovery of the Mind},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262193213 (hard)},
  xref = {Review: batali:1995a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ searle:1998a,
  author = {John R. Searle},
  title = {Mind, Language, and Society},
  publisher = {Basic Books},
  year = {1998},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Review: blackburn_s:1999a},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ sebillot-etal:2000a,
  author = {Pascale S\'ebillot and Pierette Bouillon and C\'ecile 
    	    Fabre},
  title = {Inductive Logic Programming for Corpus-Based
            Acquisition of Semantic Lexicons},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {199--208},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;inductive-logic-programming;
  	computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ sedley:1980a,
  author = {David Sedley},
  title = {Personal Identity: Three Stoic Paradoxes},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished Talk Handout.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {personal-identity;Stoic-philosophy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sedlock:1991a,
  author = {David Sedlock},
  title = {Aggregate Functions},
  booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and
  	Discourse},
  publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Harold L. Somers},
  pages = {53--56},
  address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway},
  topic = {query-languages;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sedlock:1991b,
  author = {David Sedlock},
  title = {Discussion of Anaphora Resolution in {MMI2}},
  booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and
  	Discourse},
  publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Harold L. Somers},
  pages = {72--73},
  address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway},
  topic = {anaphora;anaphora-resolution;}  
  } 

@article{ seely:2000a,
  author = {R.A.G. Seely},
  title = {Review of {\it Categorial Logic and Type Theory},
  	by B. Jacobs},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {225--229},
  xref = {Review of jacobs_b:1999a.},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ seeskin:1971a,
  author = {Kenneth R. Seeskin},
  title = {Many-Valued Logic and Future Contingencies},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {14},
  number = {56},
  pages = {759--773},
  title = {Some Remarks on Truth and Bivalence},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {17},
  number = {65--66},
  pages = {101--109},
  topic = {truth-value-gaps;}  
  } 

@article{ segerberg:1973a,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Two-Dimensional Modal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {77--96},
  topic = {modal-logic;tense-logic;indexicals;}  
  } 

@article{ segerberg:1980a,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Applying Modal Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {39},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {275--295},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ segerberg:1982a,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {The Logic of Deliberate Action},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {233--254},
  topic = {action;stit;}  
 } 

@article{ segerberg:1982b,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {A Deontic Logic of Action},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {41},
  pages = {269--282},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {action;deontic-logic;stit;}  
  } 

@techreport{ segerberg:1983a,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Towards an Exact Philosophy of Action},
  institution = {Department of Philosophy, University
		of Auckland},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Auckland},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {actions;dynamic-logic;stit;}  
  } 

@incollection{ segerberg:1985a,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Models for Action},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy in Contemporary Perspective},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {B.K. Matakak and J.L. Shaw},
  pages = {161--171},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {action;stit;}  
  } 

@article{ segerberg:1985b,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Routines},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {65},
  pages = {185--210},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {action;philosophy-of-action;}  
  } 

@techreport{ segerberg:1985c,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {On the Logic of Small Changes in Theories {I}},
  institution = {Department of Philosophy, University
		of Auckland},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Auckland},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {belief-revisions;}  
  } 

@techreport{ segerberg:1985d,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {On the Logic of Small Changes in Theories {II}},
  institution = {Department of Philosophy, University
		of Auckland},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Auckland},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ segerberg:1986a,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Conditional Logic and the Logic of Theory Change},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ segerberg:1986b,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Talking about Actions (Abstract)},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University
  	of Auckland},
  topic = {action;action-formalisms;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ segerberg-chellas:1986a,
  author = {Krister Segerberg and Brian Chellas},
  title = {Modalities in $KT^n4$},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ segerberg:1988a,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Actions in Dynamic Logic (Abstract)},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {53},
  pages = {1285--1286},
  topic = {actions;dynamic-logic;stit;}  
  } 

@techreport{ segerberg:1988b,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Actions in {PDL} without Program Letters},
  institution = {Department of Philosophy, University
		of Auckland},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Auckland},
  topic = {actions;dynamic-logic;stit;}  
  } 

@article{ segerberg:1989a,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Bringing It about},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {327--347},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;action;STIT;}  
  } 

@article{ segerberg:1989b,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {A Note on an Impossibility Theorem of {G}\"ardenfors},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {351--354},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;update-conditionals;Ramsey-test;}  
  } 

@article{ segerberg:1990a,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Validity and Satisfaction in Imperative Logic},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {203--21},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {imperative-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ segerberg:1992a,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Getting Started: Beginnings in the Logic of Action},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {51},
  pages = {437--478},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {action;stit;Aktionsarten;}  
  } 

@article{ segerberg:1993a,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Perspectives on Decisions},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {93},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {263--278},
  topic = {decision-theory;Newcomb-problem;}  
 } 

@incollection{ segerberg:1994a,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {`{A}fter' and `During' in Dynamic Logic},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {203--228},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ segerberg:1994b,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {A Model Existence Theorem in Infinitary Propositional
  	Modal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {4},
  pages = {337--367},
  topic = {modal-logic;infinitary-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ segerberg:1995a,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Conditional Action},
  booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig},
  pages = {241--265},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {conditionals;action;}  
  } 

@incollection{ segerberg:1996a,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {The Delta Operator at Three Levels of Analysis},
  booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in
  	Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott},
  pages = {63--75},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {action;stit;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ segerberg:1996b,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {To Do and Not to Do},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  address = {Oxford},
  pages = {301--313},
  topic = {action;imperative-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ segerberg:forthcominga,
  author = {Krister Segerberg},
  title = {Irrevocable Revision in Dynamic Doxastic Logic},
  journal = {Mathematical Social Sciences},
  missinginfo = {year, volume, number,pages},
  note = {forthcoming},
  topic = {conditionals;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ segond-etal:1997a,
  author = {Fr\'ed\'erique Segond and Anne Schiller and Gregory
    	Greffenstette and Jean-Pierre Chanod},
  title = {An Experiment in Semantic Tagging Using Hidden {M}arkov
  	Model Tagging},
  booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of
  	Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari
  	and Antonio Sanfilippo amd Yorick Wilks},
  pages = {78--81},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {semantic-tagging;}  
  } 

@article{ segre-gordon:1993a,
  author = {Alberto Segre and Geoffrey Gordon},
  title = {Review of {\it Computer Systems That Learn}, by
  	{S}holom {M}. {W}eiss and {C}asimir {A}. {K}ulikowski},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {62},
  number = {2},
  pages = {363--378},
  xref = {Review of weiss_sm-kulikowski:1990a.},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ segre-elkan:1994a,
  author = {Alberto Segre and Charles Elkan},
  title = {A High-Performance Explanation-Based Learning Algorithm},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--50},
  topic = {explanation-based-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ segre-etal:1996a,
  author = {Alberto Maria Segre and Geoffrey J. Gordon and Charles P.
  	Elkan},
  title = {Exploratory Analysis of Speedup Learning Data Using
  	Expectation Maximization},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {85},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {301--319},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Experimental evaluations of speedup learning methods have in the
     past used non-parametric hypothesis testing to determine whether
     or not learning is beneficial.  We show here how to obtain deeper
     insight into the comparative performance of learning methods
     through a complementary parametric approach to data analysis.  In
     this approach experimental data is used to estimate values for
     the parameters of a statistical model of the performance of a
     problem solver.  To model problem solvers that use speedup
     learning methods, we propose a two-component linear model that
     captures how learned knowledge may accelerate the solution of
     some problems while leaving the solution of others relatively
     unchanged.  We show how to apply expectation maximization (EM),
     a statistical technique, to fit this kind of multi-component
     model.  EM allows us to fit the model in the presence of
     censored data, a methodological difficulty common to experiments
     involving speedup learning.  } ,
  topic = {machine-learning;statistical-modeling;}  
  } 

@article{ segre-etal:2002a,
  author = {Alberto Maria Segre and Sean Forman and Giovanni Resta
  	and Andrew Wildenberg},
  title = {Nagging: A Scalable Fault-Tolerant Paradigm for Distributed
  	Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {140},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {71--106},
  topic = {game-trees;search;} 
  } 

@article{ seidel:1977a,
  author = {Asher Seidel},
  title = {The Picture Theory of Meaning},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {99--110},
  topic = {Wittgenstein;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ seidenfeld:1993a,
  author = {Teddy Seidenfeld},
  title = {Outline of a Theory of Partially Ordered Preferences},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {173--189},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;preferences;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sejenowski-churchland:1989a,
  author = {Terrence J. Sejenowski and Patricia Churchland},
  title = {Brain and Cognition},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {8},
  pages = {301--357},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {neurocognition;}  
  } 

@article{ selden:2000a,
  author = {Johathan E. Selden},
  title = {On the Role of Impliation in Formal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1076--1114},
  topic = {proof-theory;intuitionistic-logic;implicational-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ self:1977a,
  author = {John A. Self},
  title = {Concept Teaching},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {197--221},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The aim of this report is to illustrate some design principles
     for concept teaching systems in computer-assisted instruction.
     First, some empirical investigations of a concept learning
     program are described.  A comparison of program and human concept
     learning performance is then made.  Finally we consider how a
     concept learning program may be incorporated into a teaching
     system.  } ,
  topic = {computer-assisted-instruction;}  
  } 

@article{ selfridge:1986a,
  author = {Mallory Selfridge},
  title = {A Computer Model of Child Language Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {29},
  number = {2},
  pages = {171--216},
  topic = {L1-acquisition;cognitive-modeling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ seligman-termeulen:1995a,
  author = {Jerry Seligman and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  title = {Dynamic Aspect Trees},
  booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why?  Logical Approaches to
       Natural Language},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {287--287},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@book{ seligman-westerstahl:1995a,
  editor = {Jerry Seligman and Dag Westerstahl},
  title = {Logic, Language and Computation},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {situation-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ seligman-moss:1996a,
  author = {Jerry Seligman and Lawrence S. Moss},
  title = {Situation Theory},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  pages = {239--307},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {situation-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ seligman-etal:1999a,
  author = {Mark Seligman and Jan Alexandersson and Kristiina
  		Jokinen},
  title = {Tracking Morphological and Semantic Co-Occurrences
  		in Spontaneous Dialogues},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jan Alexandersson},
  pages = {105--111},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;spoken-language-corpora;
  	corpus-tagging;}  
  } 

@book{ selkirk:1982a,
  author = {Elizabeth Selkirk},
  title = {The Syntax of Words},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-69079 (paperback)},
  topic = {morphology;lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ sellars:1964a,
  author = {Wilfrid Sellars},
  title = {Presupposing},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {63},
  pages = {197--215},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ sellars:1964b,
  author = {Wilfrid Sellars},
  title = {Intentionality},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {62},
  number = {24},
  pages = {665--665},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;intensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ sellars:1970a,
  author = {Wilfrid Sellars},
  title = {Reflections on Contrary-to-Duty Inperatives},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {303--344},
  topic = {deonticlogic;prima-facie-obligation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sellars:1978a,
  author = {Wilfrid Sellars},
  title = {Hochberg on Mapping, Meaning, and Metaphysics},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {349--359},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {metaphysics;philosophical-ontology;nominalism;}  
  } 

@book{ sells-jones_c:1983a,
  editor = {Peter Sells and C. Jones},
  title = {{NELS 13}: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference of the
  	{N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  publisher = {GLSA Publications},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications:
  	http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.}, 
  topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ sells:1985a,
  author = {Peter Sells},
  title = {Lectures on Contemporary Syntactic Theories},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {nl-syntax;} ,
 } 

@techreport{ sells:1985b,
  author = {Peter Sells},
  title = {Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Modification},
  institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information,
  	Stanford University},
  number = {CSLI--85--28},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {nl-semantics;discourse-representation-theory;
  	nonrestrictive-relative-clauses;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ sells:1987a,
  author = {Peter Sells},
  title = {Binding Resumptive Pronouns},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {261--298},
  topic = {resumptive-pronouns;syntactic-binding;}  
  } 

@article{ sells:1991a,
  author = {Peter Sells},
  title = {Disjoint Reference into {NP}},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {151--169},
  topic = {disjoint-reference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ selman-hirst:1987a,
  author = {Bart Selman and Graeme Hirst},
  title = {Parsing as an Energy Minimization Problem},
  booktitle = {Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Lawrence D. Davis},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;parallel-processing;simulated-annealing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ selman-kautz:1989a,
  author = {Bart Selman and Henry Kautz},
  title = {The Complexity of Model-Preference Default Theories},
  booktitle = {Non-Monotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael Reinfrank and Johan de Kleer and Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;nonmonotonic-reasoning;
  	nonmonotonic-reasoning-algorithms;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ selman-levesque:1989a,
  author = {Bart Selman and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {The Tractability of Path-Based Inheritance},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {1140--1145},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: selman-levesque:1993a.},
  topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;kr-complexity-analysis;kr-course;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ selman:1990a,
  author = {Bart Selman},
  title = {Tractable Defeasible Reasoning},
  school = {Computer Science Department, University of Toronto},
  address = {Toronto},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;tractable-logics;kr-complexity-analysis;}  
    } 

@unpublished{ selman:1990b,
  author = {Bart Selman},
  title = {Sketch Map Interpretation: A Complexity Analysis},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.},
  topic = {visual-reasoning;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ selman:1990c,
  author = {Bart Selman},
  title = {Computing Explanations},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Presented at {AAAI} Spring Symposium on Automated Deduction},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;} 
  } 

@article{ selman-kautz:1990a,
  author = {Bart Selman and Henry A. Kautz},
  title = {Model-Preference Default Theories},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {45},
  number = {3},
  pages = {287--322},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Most formal theories of default inference have very poor
     computational properties, and are easily shown to be
     intractable, or worse, undecidable.  We are therefore
     investigating limited but efficiently computable theories of
     default reasoning.  This paper defines systems of propositional
     model-preference defaults, which provide a model-theoretic
     account of default inference with exceptions.
      The most general system of model-preference defaults is
     decidable but still intractable.  Inspired by the very good
     (linear) complexity of propositional Horn theories, we consider
     systems of Horn defaults.  Surprisingly, finding a most
     preferred model in even this very limited system is shown to be
     NP-hard.  Tractability can be achieved in two ways: by
     eliminating the ``specificity ordering'' among default rules and
     by restricting our attention to systems of acyclic Horn
     defaults.  These acyclic theories can encode acyclic defeasible
     inheritance hiearchies, but are more general.  } ,
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;inheritance-theory;model-preference;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ selman-levesque:1990a,
  author = {Bart Selman and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Abductive and Default Reasoning: A Computational Core},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  pages = {343--348},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {abduction;default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ selman-kautz:1991a,
  author = {Bart Selman and Henry Kautz},
  title = {Knowledge Compilation Using {H}orn Clause
		Approximations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown},
  pages = {904--909},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {knowledge-acquisition;approximation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ selman-etal:1992a,
  author = {Bart Selman and Hector J. Levesque and D. Mitchell},
  title = {A New Method for Solving Hard Satisfiability Problems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
  pages = {440--446},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;}  
  } 

@article{ selman-levesque:1993a,
  author = {Bart Selman and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {The Complexity of Path-Based Defeasible Inheritance},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {62},
  number = {2},
  pages = {303--339},
  xref = {Conference Publication: selman-levesque:1989a.},
  topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;kr-complexity-analysis;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ selman:1994a,
  author = {Bart Selman},
  title = {Near-Optimal Plans, Tractability, and Reactivity},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {521--529},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;planning;computational-complexity;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ selman:1995a,
  author = {Bart Selman},
  title = {Stochastic Search and Phase Transitions: {AI} Meets Physics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {998--1002},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;stochastic-processes;}  
  } 

@article{ selman-etal:1996a,
  author = {Bart Selman and David G. Mitchell and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Generating Hard Satisfiability Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {81},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {17--29},
  topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;
  	computational-phase-transitions;}  
  } 

@article{ selman-kirkpatrick:1996a,
  author = {Bart Selman and Scott Kirkpatrick},
  title = {Critical Behavior in the Computational Cost of
		Satisfiability Testing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {81},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {273--295},
  topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;
  	computational-phase-transitions;}  
  } 

@article{ selman-levesque:1996a,
  author = {Bart Selman and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Support Set Selection for Abductive and Default Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {82},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {259--272},
  topic = {abduction;default-logic;truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ selman:1999a,
  author = {Bart Selman},
  title = {Blackbox: A {SAT} Technology Planning System (Abstract)},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {model-construction;planning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sem:1984a,
  author = {Helle Frisak Sem},
  title = {Quantifier Scope and Coreferentiality},
  booktitle = {Report of an {O}slo Seminar in Logic and Linguistics},
  publisher = {Institute of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Jens Erik Fenstad and Jan Tore Langholm and Jan Tore L{\o}nning
	and Helle Frisak Sem},
  pages = {IV.1--IV.82},
  address = {Oslo},
  topic = {quantifier-scope;}  
  } 

@incollection{ semeraro-etal:1994a,
  author = {Giovanni Semeraro and Floriana Esposito and Donato Malerba
    		and Clifford Brunk and Michael J. Pazzani},
  title = {Avoiding Non-Termination when Learning Logical Programs: A
		Case Study with FOIL and FOCL},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {183--198},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-program-synthesis;}  
  } 

@article{ sen_a:1977a,
  author = {Amartya Sen},
  title = {Social Choice Theory: A Re-Examination},
  journal = {Econometrica},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {45},
  pages = {348--384},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {social-choice-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ sen_a:1985a,
  author = {Amartya Sen},
  title = {Well-Being, Agency, and Freedom},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {82},
  number = {4},
  pages = {203--221},
  topic = {freedom;action;}  
  } 

@article{ sen_a:2000a,
  author = {Amarta Sen},
  title = {Consequential Evaluation and Practical Reason},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {9},
  pages = {477--502},
  topic = {consequentialism;}  
  } 

@article{ sen_ak-bagchi:1996a,
  author = {Anup K. Sen and Amitava Bagchi},
  title = {Graph Search Methods for Non-Order-Preserving Evaluation
  	Functions: Applications to Job Sequencing Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {86},
  number = {1},
  pages = {43--73},
  topic = {search;scheduling;graph-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sendra-winkler:1998a,
  author = {J. Rafael Sendra and Franz Winkler},
  title = {Real Parametrization of Algebraic Curves},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {284--295},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {automated-algebra;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ seneff-polifroni:2000a,
  author = {Stephanie Seneff and Joseph Polifroni},
  title = {Dialogue Management in the {M}ercury Flight Reservation
  	System},
  booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Candace Sidner et al.},
  pages = {11--16},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@article{ seo-etal:2001a,
  author = {Masahiro Seo and Hiroyuki Iida and Jos W.H.M. Uiterwijk},
  title = {The $PN^*$-Search Algorithm: Application to tsume-shogi},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {129},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {253--277},
  topic = {game-playing;search;iterative-deepening;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ serafini-ghidini:1997a,
  author = {Luciano Serafini and Chiara Ghidini},
  title = {Context Based Semantics for Information Integration},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {152--160},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;knowledge-integration;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ serafini-ghidini:1997b,
  author = {Luciano Serafini and Chiara Ghidini},
  title = {Context Based Semantics for Federated Databases},
  year = {1997},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International and
       Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using
       Context (CONTEXT-97)},
  address = {Rio de Janeiro, Brazil},
  pages = {33--45},
  note = {Also IRST-Technical Report 9609-02, IRST, Trento, Italy},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {context;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ serafini-ghidini:2000a,
  author = {Luciano Serafini and Chiara Ghidini},
  title = {Context-Based Semantics for Information Integration},
  booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum},
  pages = {175--192},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {context;knowledge-integration;federated-databases;}  
  } 

@incollection{ serafini-dona:2002a,
  author = {Luciano Serafini and Antonia Don\'a},
  title = {Updating Contexts},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {251--262},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;belief-revision;context;} 
  } 

@article{ serafini-giunchiglia:2002a,
  author = {Luciano Serafini and Fausto Giunchiglia},
  title = {{ML} Systtems: A Proof Theory for Substructural Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {471--518},
  topic = {context;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ serebriannikov:1994a,
  author = {O.F. Serebriannikov},
  title = {Gentzen's {H}auptsatz for Modal Logic with Quantifiers},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {79--88},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {proof-theory;quantifying-in-modality;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ sergot-etal:1986a,
  author = {Marek Sergot and F. Sadri and Robert A. Kowalski and
       F. Kriwaczek and P. Hammond and H.T. Cory},
  title = {The {B}ritish Nationality Act as a Logic Program},
  journal = {Communications of the {ACM}},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {29},
  number = {5},
  pages = {370--386},
  topic = {legai-AI;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sergot:1998a,
  author = {Marek Sergot},
  title = {Normative Positions},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  pages = {289--310},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ sernadas-etal:1997a,
  author = {Am\'ilcar Sernadas and Cristina Sernadas and
		Carlos Caliero},
  title = {Synchonization of Logics},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {2},
  pages = {217--247},
  topic = {combining-logics;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ sernadas:2000a,
  author = {Am\'ilcar Sernadas},
  title = {Review of {\em Fibring Logics},
		by {D}ov {M}. {G}abbay},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {511--513},
  xref = {Review of gabbay:1999a.},
  topic = {fibred-semantics;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ sesonke:1965a,
  author = {Alexander Sesonke},
  title = {Performatives},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {12},
  pages = {459--408},
  topic = {speech-acts;}  
  } 

@article{ sesonske:1965a,
  author = {Alexander Sesonske},
  title = {Performatives},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  pages = {459--468},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ seto:1998a,
  author = {Ken-Ichi Seto},
  title = {On Non-Echoic Irony},
  booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida},
  pages = {239--255},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {relevance-theory;irony;}  
  } 

@incollection{ seuren:1973a,
  author = {Pieter A.M. Seuren},
  title = {The Comparative},
  booktitle = {Generative Grammar in {E}urope},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Ferenc Kiefer and Nicolas Ruwet},
  pages = {528--564},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {comparative-constructions;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ seuren:1984a,
  author = {Pieter A.M. Seuren},
  title = {Logic and Truth-Values in Languages},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {343--364},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {truth-value-gaps;presupposition;}  
  } 

@book{ seuren:1985a,
  editor = {Pieter A.M. Seuren},
  title = {Discourse Semantics},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ seuren:1985b,
  author = {Pieter A.M. Seuren},
  title = {Anaphora Resolution},
  booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle},
  pages = {187--207},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;}  
  } 

@article{ seuren:1987a,
  author = {Pieter A.M. Seuren},
  title = {How Relevant?},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {731--732},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {relevance;implicature;}  
  } 

@incollection{ seuren:1991a,
  author = {Pieter A.M. Seuren},
  title = {Pr\"asuppositionen},
  booktitle = {Semantik/Semantics: an International Handbook
  	of Contemporary Research},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {286--318},
  editor = {Dieter Wunderlich and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ seuren:1996a,
  author = {Pieter A.M. Seuren},
  title = {Presupposition and Negation},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {175--226},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {pragmatics;presupposition;negation;}  
  } 

@book{ seuren:1996b,
  author = {Pieter A.M. Seuren},
  title = {Semantic Syntax},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ seuren-etal:2001a,
  author = {Pieter A. M. Seuren and Venanzio Capretta and Herman
  	Geuvers},
  title = {The Logic and Mathematics of Occasion Sentences},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {5},
  pages = {531--595},
  topic = {context;indexicals;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ seville-ramsay:1999a,
  author = {Helen Seville and Allan Ramsay},
  title = {Reference-Based Discourse
    		Structure for Reference Resolution},
  booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and
  	Reference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu},
  pages = {90--99},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-structure;reference-resolution;}  
  } 

@book{ sextusempiricus:1933a,
  author = {Sextus Empiricus},
  title = {Writings of {S}extus {E}mpiricus},
  publisher = {Loeb Classical Library},
  year = {1933},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  note = {R.G. Bury, translator.  Published 1933--1953 in
  	four volumes.},
  topic = {ancient-philosophy;skepticism;}  
 } 

@article{ sgall:1972a,
  author = {Petr Sgall},
  title = {Fillmore's Mysteries and topic vs. Comment.},
  journal = {Journal of Linguistics},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {283--288},
  topic = {s-topic;pragmatics;}  
} 

@book{ sgall-etal:1973a,
  author = {Petr Sgall and Eva Haji\v{c}ov\'a and Eva Bene=9Aov},
  title = {Topic, Focus and Generative Semantics},
  publisher = {Scriptor Verlag},
  year = {1973},
  address = {Kronberg},
  ISBN = {3589000341},
  topic = {s-topic;sentence-focus;}  
 } 

@incollection{ sgall:1975a,
  author = {Petr Sgall},
  title = {Conditions on the Use of Sentences and a Semantic
  	Representation of Topic and Focus},
  booktitle = {Formal Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Edward L. Keenan},
  pages = {297--312},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {sentence-focus;s-topic;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ sgall:1975b,
  author = {Peter Sgall},
  title = {Topic and Focus in Transformational Grammar},
  journal = {Papers in Linguistics},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {1--2},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {s-topic;sentence-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ sgall:1977a,
  author = {Peter Sgall},
  title = {Sign Meaning, Cognitive Content, and Pragmatics},
  journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {269--282},
  topic = {pragmatics;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ sgall:1980a,
  author = {Peter Sgall},
  title = {Case and Meaning},
  journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {525--536},
  topic = {thematic-roles;}  
  } 

@book{ sgall:1984a,
  editor = {Petr Sgall},
  title = {Contributions to Functional Syntax, Semantics, and
  	Language Comprehension},
  publisher = {Academia},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Prague},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ sgall-etal:1986a,
  author = {Petr Sgall and Eva Haji\c{o}v\'a and J. Panevova},
  title = {The Meaning of the Sentence in its Semantic and
  	Pragmatic Aspects},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027718385},
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;sentence-focus;}  
 } 

@incollection{ sgall-hajicova:1992a,
  author = {Petr Sgall and Eva Haji\v{c}pv\'a},
  title = {Linguistic Meaning and Semantic Interpretation},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Linguistic Theory},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Maxim Stamenov},
  pages = {299--310},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sgall:1994a,
  author = {Petr Sgall},
  title = {Dependency-Based Grammatical Information
   		in the Lexicon},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {339--344},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@article{ sgall:2001a,
  author = {Petr Sgall},
  title = {Functional Generative Description, Word Order and Focus},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--28},
  topic = {word-order;s-focus;}  
  } 

@article{ sgouros:1999a,
  author = {Nikitas M. Sgouros},
  title = {Dynamic Generation, Management, and Resolution
  	of Interactive Plots},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {107},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--62},
  topic = {interactive-fiction;plot-management;}  
  } 

@article{ shachter_rd:1986a1,
  author = {Ross D. Shachter},
  title = {Evaluating Influence Diagrams},
  journal = {Operations Research},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {34},
  number = {6},
  pages = {871--872},
  xref = {Reprinted in shafer-pearl:1990a; see shachter:1986a2.},
  topic = {causal-networks;influence-diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;
  	decision-analysis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shachter_rd:1986a2,
  author = {Ross D. Shachter},
  title = {Evaluating Influence Diagrams},
  booktitle = {Readings in Uncertain Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Glenn Shafer and Judea Pearl},
  pages = {79--90},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Reprinted.  Original Publication is shachter:1986a1.},
  topic = {causal-networks;influence-diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;
  	decision-analysis;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ shachter_rd-etal:1990a,
  author = {Ross D. Shachter and Brendan A. del Favero and
  	Bruce D'Ambrosio},
  title = {Symbolic Probabilistic Inference in Belief Networks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout},
  pages = {126--131},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@book{ shachter_rd-etal:1990b,
  editor = {Ross D. Shachter and T.S. Levitt and L.N. Kanal
  	and J.F. Lemmer},
  title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Volume 4},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
 } 

@book{ shackel:1981a,
  editor = {Brian Shackel},
  title = {Man-Computer Interaction: Human Factors Aspects of
  	Computers \& People},
  publisher = {Sijtoff \& Noordhoff},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Alphen ann den Rijn},
  ISBN = {9028609105},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ shackel:1985a,
  editor = {Brian Shackel},
  title = {Human-Computer Interaction: {IFIP} Conference on
  	Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444877738},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ shafer_g:1983a,
  author = {Glenn Shafer},
  title = {A Subjective Interpretation of Conditional Probability},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {453--466},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@book{ shafer_g-pearl:1990a,
  editor = {Glenn Shafer and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Readings in Uncertain Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;}  
 } 

@book{ shafer_g:1997a,
  author = {Glen Shafer},
  title = {The Art of Causal Conjecture},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {causality;statistical-inference;probabilistic-reasoning;
  	foundations-of-probability;decision-trees;}  
 } 

@incollection{ shafer_g:1998a,
  author = {Glenn Shafer},
  title = {Causal Logic},
  booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henri Prade},
  pages = {711--718},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ shafer_r:1995a,
  author = {Robin Shafer},
  title = {The {SLP}/{ILP} Distinction in {\em have}-Predication},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {292--209},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;i-level/s-level;"have"-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ shaffer:2001a,
  author = {Jonathan Shaffer},
  title = {Causes as Probability Raisers of Processes},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {98},
  number = {2},
  pages = {75--92},
  topic = {causality;probability;}  
  } 

@article{ shafir-etal:1993a,
  author = {E. Shafir and I. Simonson and A. Tversky},
  title = {Reason-Based Choice},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {49},
  pages = {11--36},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;decision-making;rationality-and-cognition;}  
  } 

@article{ shahar:1997a,
  author = {Yuval Shahar},
  title = {A Framework for Knowledge-Based Temporal Abstraction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {90},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {79--133},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;abstraction;krcourse;}  
  } 

@article{ shalkowski:1994a,
  author = {Scott A. Shalkowski},
  title = {The Ontological Ground of the Alethic Modality},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {103},
  number = {4},
  pages = {669--688},
  topic = {modality;}  
  } 

@book{ shalom:1998a,
  author = {Shalom Lappin},
  title = {Semantic Types For Natural Language: An Inaugural Lecture
    Delivered on 6 February 1997},
  publisher = {School of Oriental and African Studies, University
    of London},
  year = {1998},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0728602792},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-semantic-types;}  
 } 

@incollection{ shanahan:1988a,
  author = {Murray Shanahan},
  title = {Incrementality and Logic Programming},
  booktitle = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Barbara Smith and Gerald Kelleher},
  pages = {21--34},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ shanahan:1993a,
  author = {Murray Shanahan},
  title = {Explanation in the Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {160--165},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {situation-calculus;abduction;explanation;action-narratives;
  	temporal-reasoning;} 
  } 

@article{ shanahan:1995a,
  author = {Murray Shanahan},
  title = {A Circumscriptive Calculus of Events},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {77},
  number = {2},
  pages = {251--284},
  topic = {events;concurrence;frame-problem;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ shanahan:1995b,
  author = {Murray Shanahan},
  title = {Default Reasoning about Spatial Occupancy},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {74},
  number = {1},
  pages = {147--163},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper describes a default reasoning problem, analogous to
     the frame problem, that arises when an attempt is made to
     construct a logic-based calculus for reasoning about the
     movement of objects in a real-valued co-ordinate system.  A
     number of potential solutions to this problem are examined.
     Particular attention is given to the interaction between the
     default reasoning required by these solutions and that required
     to overcome the frame problem, especially when the latter
     demands an ``existence of situations'' axiom.  } ,
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;spatial-reasoning;frame-problem;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ shanahan:1996a,
  author = {Murray Shanahan},
  title = {A Logical Account of the Common Sense Informatic Situation
  	for a Mobile Robot},
  year = {1996},
  month = {January},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	Queen Mary and Westfield College.},
  topic = {common-sense;foundations-of-robotics;}  
  } 

@book{ shanahan:1997a,
  author = {Murray Shanahan},
  title = {Solving the Frame Problem},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Reviews: gelfond:1998a, lifschitz:2000a, mccarthy:2000a,
  	sandewall:2000a.},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;krcourse;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ shanahan:1999a,
  author = {Murray Shanahan},
  title = {Reinventing Shakey},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {cognitive-robotics;}  
  } 

@article{ shanahan:2000a,
  author = {Murray Shanahan},
  title = {Solving the Frame Problem (Response)},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {123},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {279--280},
  xref = {Response to reviews of: shanahan:1997a.},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;krcourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shanahan:2000b,
  author = {Murray Shanahan},
  title = {Reinventing {S}hakey},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {233--253},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;cognitive-robotics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shanahan:2002a,
  author = {Murray Shanahan},
  title = {A Logical Account of Perception Incorporating Feedback
  	and Expectation},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {1--13},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;vision;perceptual-reasoning;cognitive-robotics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ shands-chang:1992a,
  author = {Deborah Shands and Chung-Kuo Chang},
  title = {Characterizing Distributed Systems Using Knowledge-Based
  	Models},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {29--42},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ shankar_cr:1989a,
  author = {C. Ravi Shankar},
  title = {Review of {\it Prolog and Natural-Language Analysis}, by
  	{F}ernando {C}.{N}. {P}ereira and {S}tuart {M}. {S}heiber},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {39},
  number = {2},
  pages = {275--278},
  xref = {Review of pereira_f-shieber:1987a.},
  topic = {prolog;nlp-programming;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ shankar_n-mcallester_da:1993a,
  author = {Natarajan Shankar and David A. McAllester},
  title = {{ONTIC}: A Knowledge Representation System for Mathematics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {62},
  number = {2},
  pages = {355--362},
  topic = {kr;computer-assisted-mathematics;}  
  } 

@book{ shanker:1986a,
  editor = {S.G. Shanker},
  title = {Philosophy in {B}ritain Today},
  publisher = {State University of New York Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Albany, New York},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@incollection{ shanker:1986b,
  author = {Stuart G. Shanker},
  title = {Computer Vision or Mechanist Myopia?},
  booktitle = {Philosophy in {B}ritain Today},
  publisher = {State University of New York Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Stuart G. Shanker},
  pages = {213--266},
  address = {Albany, New York},
  topic = {computer-vision;philosophy-of-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ shapira:1975a,
  author = {Zur Shapira},
  title = {Measuring Subjective Probabilities by the Magnitude
  	Production Method},
  journal = {Organizational Behavior and Human Performance},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {314--321},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {probability;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ shapira:1995a,
  author = {Zur Shapira},
  title = {Risk Taking: A Managerial Perspective},
  publisher = {Russell Sage Foundation},
  year = {1995},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {risk;management-science;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ shapira:1997a,
  author = {Zur Shapira},
  title = {On the Role of Summary Statistics and Extreme Events in
        Managerial Conceptions of Risk},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {81--84},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;decision-analysis;practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ shapiro_l:2000a,
  author = {Lawrence Shapiro},
  title = {Multiple Realizations},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {5},
  pages = {635--654},
  topic = {reduction;functionalism;}  
  } 

@article{ shapiro_la:1993a,
  author = {Lawrence A. Shapiro},
  title = {Content, Kinds, and Individualism in {M}arr's
  	Theory of Vision},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {102},
  number = {4},
  pages = {489--513},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;representation;}  
  } 

@article{ shapiro_s1:1981a,
  author = {Stuart Shapiro},
  title = {Understanding {C}hurch's Thesis},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {353--365},
  topic = {Church's-thesis;epistemic-arithmetic;}  
  } 

@book{ shapiro_s1:1985a,
  editor = {Stewart Shapiro},
  title = {Intensional Mathematics},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Review: smorynski:1991a.},
  topic = {epistemic-arithmetic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ shapiro_s1:1985b,
  author = {Stewart Shapiro},
  title = {Epistemic and Intuitionistic Arithmetic},
  booktitle = {Intensional Mathematics},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {11--45},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {epistemic-arithmetic;intuitionistic-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ shapiro_s1:1987a,
  author = {Stewart Shapiro},
  title = {Principles of Reflection and Second-Order Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  pages = {309--333},
  topic = {semantic-reflection;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ shapiro_s1:1996a,
  editor = {Stewart Shapiro},
  title = {The Limits of Logic: Higher-Order Logic and the
  	{L}\"owenheim-{S}kolem Theorem},
  publisher = {Aldershot},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Brookfield, Vermont},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;lowenheim-skolem-theorem;}  
 } 

@book{ shapiro_s1:1997a,
  author = {Stewart Shapiro},
  title = {Philosophy of Mathematics: Structure and Ontology},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: tappenden:2001a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
 } 

@article{ shapiro_s1:1998a,
  author = {Stewart Shapiro},
  title = {Proof and Truth: through Thick and Thin},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {95},
  number = {10},
  pages = {493--521},
  topic = {truth;foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ shapiro_s1:1998b,
  author = {Stewart Shapiro},
  title = {Incompleteness, Mechanism, and Optimism},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {273--302},
  topic = {goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;
  	foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-computation;}  
  } 

@book{ shapiro_s1:2000a,
  author = {Stewart Shapiro},
  title = {Thinking about Mathematics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-19-289306-8},
  xref = {Review: balaguer:2002a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;foundations-of-mathematics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ shapiro_s2-etal:1995a,
  author = {Steven Shapiro and Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Goals and Rational Action in the Situation Calculus---A
  	Preliminary Report},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Michael Fehling},
  pages = {117--122},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {intention-maintenance;planning-formalisms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ shapiro_s2-etal:1997a1,
  author = {Steven Shapiro and Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Specifying Communicative Multi-Agent Systems with {C}on{G}olog},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative
		Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {75--82},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {David Traum},
  xref = {Republication: shapiro_s2-etal:1997a2.},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shapiro_s2-etal:1997a2,
  author = {Steven Shapiro and Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Specifying Communicative Multi-Agent Systems with {C}on{G}olog},
  booktitle = {Agents and Multi-Agent Systems---Formalisms,
     Methodologies, and Applications},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wayne Wobcke and Maurice Pagnucco and C. Zhang},
  pages = {1--14},
  address = {Berlin},
  xref = {Republication of: shapiro_s2-etal:1997a1.},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;action-formalisms;GoLog;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ shapiro_s3-etal:2000a,
  author = {Steven Shapiro and Maurice Pagnucco and Hector J.
  	Levesque},
  title = {Iterated Belief Change in the Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {527--538},
  topic = {belief-revision;situation-calculus;}  
  } 

@article{ shapiro_sc:1976a,
  author = {Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {Review of {\it Artificial Intelligence}, by
  	{E}arl {B}. {H}unt},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--201},
  xref = {Review of hunt_eb:1975a.},
  topic = {AI-intro;}  
  } 

@book{ shapiro_sc:1979a,
  author = {Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {Techniques of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {New York: Van Nostrand},
  year = {1979},
  address = {New},
  ISBN = {0442805012},
  xref = {Review: brady_m:1980a.},
  topic = {AI-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ shapiro_sc:1980a,
  author = {Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {Review of {\it {NETL}: A System for Representing and Using
  	Real-World Knowledge}, by {S}cott {E}. {F}ahlman},
  journal = {American Journal of Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {183--186},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shapiro_sc-rapaport:1991a,
  author = {Stuart C. Shapiro and William Rapaport},
  title = {Models and Minds: Knowledge Representation for
  	Natural-Language Competence},
  booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock},
  pages = {215--259},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {kr;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@book{ shapiro_sc:1992a,
  editor = {Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1992},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {047150307X (set)},
  topic = {AI-encyclopedia;}  
 } 

@incollection{ shapiro_sc-rapaport_wj:1992a,
  author = {Stuart C. Shapiro and William J. Rapaport},
  title = {The {SN}e{PS} Family},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {243--275},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Also published in Computers and Mathematics with Applications;
  	vol. 23; 1992; 243--275},
  topic = {kr;SNePS;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ shapiro_sc-etal:1995a,
  author = {Stuart C. Shapiro and Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Goals and Rational Action in the Situation Calculus---A
  	Preliminary Report},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Michael Fehling},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {intention;foundations-of-planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shapiro_sc:1996a,
  author = {Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {Implementations and Research: Discussions at the Boundary
  	(Position Statement)},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {663--664},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;AI-implementations;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ shapiro_sc:2001a,
  author = {Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {Review of {\it Knowledge Representation: Logical,
  	Philosophical, and Computational Foundations}, by {J}ohn {F}.
	{S}owa},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {286--294},
  xref = {Review of: sowa:1999a.},
  topic = {kr-text;kr;}  
  } 

@article{ sharkey:2000a,
  author = {Noel E. Sharkey},
  title = {Review of {\it Talking Nets: An Oral History of Neural
  	Networks}, edited by {J}ames {A}. {A}nderson and
	{E}dward {R}osenfeld},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {119},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {287--293},
  xref = {Review of anderson_ja-rosenfeld:1998a.},
  topic = {connectionism;history-of-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sharma:1996a,
  author = {Nirad Sharma},
  title = {Partial Orders of Sorts and Inheritances (or Placing Inheritance in
     Context)},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {280--290},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;context;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ sharvit:1999a,
  author = {Yael Sharvit},
  title = {Functional Relative Clauses},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {5},
  pages = {447--478},
  topic = {relative-clauses;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ sharvit:1999b,
  author = {Yael Sharvit},
  title = {Connectivity in Specificational Sentences},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {299--339},
  topic = {binding-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ sharvit:2002a,
  author = {Yael Sharvit},
  title = {Embedded Questions and `De Dicto' Readings},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {97--123},
  topic = {interrogatives;nl-quantifier-scope;} 
  } 

@article{ sharvy:1964a,
  author = {Richard Sharvy},
  title = {Tautology and Fatalism},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {62},
  number = {10},
  pages = {293--294},
  xref = {Commentary on: taylor_r:1962a.  Also see: taylor:1964a.},
  topic = {(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@article{ sharvy:1968a,
  author = {Richard Sharvy},
  title = {Why a Class Can't Change Its Members},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {303--314},
  topic = {metaphysics;individuation;}  
  } 

@article{ sharvy:1969a,
  author = {Richard Sharvy},
  title = {Things},
  journal = {The Monist},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {53},
  number = {3},
  pages = {488--504},
  topic = {referential-opacity;Quine6yuj;}  
  } 

@article{ sharvy:1970a,
  author = {Richard Sharvy},
  title = {Truth-Functionality and Referential Opacity},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {5--9},
  topic = {referential-opacity;} 
  } 

@article{ sharvy:1972a,
  author = {Richard Sharvy},
  title = {Three Types of Referential Opacity},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {39},
  number = {2},
  pages = {153--161},
  topic = {referential-opacity;}  
  } 

@article{ sharvy:1972b,
  author = {Richard Sharvy},
  title = {Euthyphro 9d--11b: Analysis and Definition in {P}lato
  	and Others},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {119--137},
  topic = {Plato;definitions;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ sharvy:1977a,
  author = {Richard Sharvy},
  title = {Maybe {C}hinese Has No Count Nouns: Notes on {C}hinese
		Semantics},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Avondale Institute.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;Chinese-language;}  
  } 

@book{ shasha-lazere:1995a,
  author = {Dennis Shasha and Cathy Lazere},
  title = {Out of Their Minds: The Lives and Discoveries of
  	Fifteen Great Computer Scientists},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0-387-97992-1},
  topic = {history-of-computer-science;popular-computer-science;
  	science-reporting;}  
 } 

@article{ shastri:1989a,
  author = {Lokendra Shastri},
  title = {Default Reasoning in Semantic Networks: A Formalization of
  	Recognition and Inheritance},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {39},
  number = {3},
  pages = {283--355},
  topic = {semantic-networks;nonmonotonic-reasoning;inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shastri:1991a,
  author = {Lokendra Shastri},
  title = {Why Semantic Networks},
  booktitle = {Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in
  	the Representation of Knowledge},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {John F. Sowa},
  pages = {108--136},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shastri:1992a,
  author = {Lokendra Shastri},
  title = {Structured Connectionist Models of Semantic Networks},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {293--328},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;connectionism;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ shastri-ajjanagadde:1993a,
  author = {Lokendra Shastri and Venkat Ajjanagadde},
  title = {From Simple Associations to Systematic Reasoning: A
  Connectionist Representation of Rules, Variables and Dynamic Bindings
  Using Temporal Synchrony},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {417--494},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shatz:1986a,
  author = {David Shatz},
  title = {Free Will and the Structure of Motivation},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {451--482},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {freedom;volition;desire;}  
  } 

@article{ shavlik-dejong:1990a,
  author = {Jude W. Shavlik and Gerald F. DeJong},
  title = {Learning in Mathematically-Based Domains: Understanding
  	and Generalizing Obstacle Cancellations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--45},
  topic = {explanation-based-learning;mathematical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ shaw_de:1987a,
  author = {David Elliot Shaw},
  title = {On the Range of Applicability of an Artificial
  	Intelligence Machine},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {32},
  number = {2},
  pages = {151--172},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Considerable interest has recently been expressed in the
     construction of parallel machines capable of significant
     performance and cost/performance improvements in various
     artificial intelligence applications.  In this paper, we consider
     the capabilities of a particular massively parallel machine
     called NON-VON, an initial prototype of which is currently
     operational at Columbia University, for the efficient execution
     of a rather wide range of AI tasks.  The paper provides a brief
     overview of the general NON-VON architecture, and summarizes
     certain performance projections, derived through detailed
     analysis and simulation, in the areas of rule-based inferencing,
     computer vision, and knowledge-base management.
      In particular, summaries are presented of projections derived
     for the execution of OPS5 production systems, the performance of
     a number of low- and intermediate-level image understanding
     tasks, and the execution of certain ``difficult'' relational
     algebraic operations having relevance to the manipulation of
     knowledge bases.  The results summarized in this paper, most of
     which are based on benchmarks proposed by other researchers,
     suggest that NON-VON could provide a performance improvement of
     as much as several orders of magnitude on such tasks by
     comparison with a conventional sequential machine of comparable
     hardware cost.  } ,
  topic = {parallel-processing;rule-based-reasoning;computer-vision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shaw_j:1998a,
  author = {James Shaw},
  title = {Clause Aggregation Using Linguistics Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {138--147},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;syntax-selection;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shaw_m:1996a,
  author = {Mary Shaw},
  title = {Software Architectures for Shared Information Systems},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {219--251},
  topic = {multiple-databases;}  
  } 

@book{ shear:1997a,
  editor = {Jonathan Shear},
  title = {Explaining Consciousness: The Hard Problem},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {consciousness;}  
 } 

@article{ sheard:2001a,
  author = {Michael Sheard},
  title = {Weak and Strong Theories of Truth},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {89-101},
  topic = {truth;formalizations-of-arithmetic;}  
  } 

@book{ sheehan-sosna:1991a,
  editor = {James J. Sheehan and Morton Sosna},
  title = {The Boundaries of Humanity: Humans, Animals, Machines},
  publisher = {University of California Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Berkeley},
  ISBN = {0520071530 (hard)},
  topic = {HCI;human-animal-interaction;}  
 } 

@article{ shehory-kraus:1998a,
  author = {Onn Shehory and Sarit Kraus},
  title = {Methods for Task Allocation via Agent Coalition
  	Formation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {101},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {165--200},
  topic = {distributed-systems;artificial-societies;cooperation;
  	task-allocation;}  
  } 

@article{ shehory-etal:1999a,
  author = {Onn Shehory and Sarit Kraus and Osher Yadgar},
  title = {Emergent Cooperative Goal-Satisfaction in Large-Scale
  	Automated-Agent Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {110},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--55},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Cooperation among autonomous agents has been discussed in the
     DAI community for several years. Papers about cooperation (Conte
     et al., 1991; Rosenschein, 1986), negotiation (Kraus and
     Wilkenfeld, 1991), distributed planning (Conry et al., 1988),
     and coalition formation (Ketchpel, 1994; Sandholm and Lesser,
     1997), have provided a variety of approaches and several
     algorithms and solutions to situations wherein cooperation is
     possible. However, the case of cooperation in large-scale
     multi-agent systems (MAS) has not been thoroughly examined.
     Therefore, in this paper we present a framework for cooperative
     goal-satisfaction in large-scale environments focusing on a
     low-complexity physics-oriented approach.  The multi-agent
     systems with which we deal are modeled by a physics-oriented
     model.  According to the model, MAS inherit physical properties,
     and therefore the evolution of the computational systems is
     similar to the evolution of physical systems. To enable
     implementation of the model, we provide a detailed algorithm to
     be used by a single agent within the system.  The model and the
     algorithm are appropriate for large-scale, dynamic, Distributed
     Problem Solver systems, in which agents try to increase the
     benefits of the whole system. The complexity is very low, and in
     some specific cases it is proved to be optimal. The analysis and
     assessment of the algorithm are performed via the well-known
     behavior and properties of the modeling physical system.  } ,
  topic = {distributed-AI;cooperation;multi-agent-systems;task-allocation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shehtman:1993a,
  author = {Valentin Shehtman},
  title = {A Logic with Progressive Tenses},
  booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  editor = {Maarten de Rijke},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {255--285},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {temporal-logic;tense-aspect;progressive;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shehtman:1998a,
  author = {Valentin Shehtman},
  title = {On Strong Neighbourhood Completeness of Modal
    		and Intermediate Propositional Logics, Part {I}},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {209-222},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@article{ shehtman:2001a,
  author = {Valentin Shehtman},
  title = {Review of {\it First-Order Modal Logic}, by {M}elvin 
  	{F}itting and {R}ichard {L}. {M}endelsohn},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {403--405},
  xref = {Review of fitting-mendelsohn:1998b.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ shelley:2001a,
  author = {Cameron Shelley},
  title = {The Bicoherence Theory of Situational Irony},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {715--818},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {irony;coherence;}  
  } 

@article{ shelton:1999a,
  author = {Thomas Poggio and Christian R. Shelton},
  title = {Machine Learning, Machine Vision, and the Brain},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {37--55},
  topic = {machine-learning;vision;}  
  } 

@article{ shen_wm:1990a,
  author = {Wei-Min Shen},
  title = {Functional Transformations in {AI} Discovery Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {41},
  number = {3},
  pages = {257--272},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The power of scientific discovery systems derives from two main
     sources: a set of heuristics that determines when to apply a
     creative operator (an operator for forming new operators and
     concepts) in a space that is being explored; and a set of
     creative operators that determines what new operators and
     concepts will be created for that exploration.  This paper is
     mainly concerned with the second issue.  A mechanism called
     functional transformation (FT) shows promising power in creating
     new and useful creative operators during exploration.  This
     paper discusses the definition, creation, and application of
     functional transformations, and describes as a demonstration of
     the power of FT how the system ARE, starting with a small set of
     creative operations and a small set of heuristics, uses FTs to
     create all the concepts attained by Lenat's AM system [4], and
     others as well.  Besides showing an alternative way, of Lenat's
     EURISKO [5], to meet the criticisms of too much pre-programmed
     knowledge [6] that have been leveled against AM, ARE provides a
     route to discovery systems that are capable of ``refreshing''
     themselves indefinitely by continually creating new operators.  } ,
  topic = {scientific-discovery;heuristics;}  
  } 

@article{ shen_z:1993a,
  author = {Zuliang Shen},
  title = {Review of {\it Fuzzy Sets and Applications: Selected
  	Papers by {L}.{A}. {Z}adeh}, edited by {R}onald {R}. {Y}ager and {S}.
	{O}vchinnikov and {R}.{M}. {T}ong and {H}.{T}. {N}guyen},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {351--358},
  xref = {Review of yager-etal:1987a.},
  topic = {fuzzy-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shepardson:1988a,
  author = {John C. Shepardson},
  title = {Mechanisms for Computing over Arbitrary Structures},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {581--601},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {abstract-recursion-theory;}  
  } 

@techreport{ shepherd-thecyclists:1991a,
  author = {Mary Shepherd and the Cyclists},
  title = {{CYC} {KE}-Region User's Guide},
  institution = {Microelectronics and Computer Technology
  	Corporation},
  number = {ACT--CYC--018--91--Q},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Austin, Texas},
  topic = {CYC;}  
  } 

@techreport{ shepherd-thecyclists:1991b,
  author = {Mary Shepherd and the Cyclists},
  title = {{CYC} User's Manual for Interface on Symbolics
  	Machines},
  institution = {Microelectronics and Computer Technology
  	Corporation},
  number = {ACT--CYC--065--91--Q},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Austin, Texas},
  topic = {CYC;}  
  } 

@article{ sheppard:2002a,
  author = {Brian Sheppard},
  title = {World-Championship-Caliber Scrabble},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {134},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {241--275},
  topic = {computer-games;search;} 
  } 

@book{ shepperd-ince:1993a,
  author = {Martin Shepperd and Darrel Ince},
  title = {Derivation and Validation of Software Metrics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198538421},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@article{ sher:1990a,
  author = {Gila Y. Sher},
  title = {Ways of Branching Quantifiers},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {393--422},
  topic = {branching-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@book{ sher:1991a,
  author = {Gila Y. Sher},
  title = {The Bounds of Logic},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262193116},
  topic = {branching-quantifiers;philosophy-of-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ sher:1996a,
  author = {Gila Y. Sher},
  title = {Semantics and Logic},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {511--537},
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ sher:2001a,
  author = {Gila Sher},
  title = {The Formal-Structural View of Logical Consequence},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--261},
  topic = {logical-consequence;philosophy-of-logic;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ sherman:1987a,
  author = {David Sherman},
  title = {A Prolog Model of the Income Tax Act of {C}anada},
  booktitle = {First International Conference
  on Artificial Intelligence and Law},
  publisher = {ACM Press},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {127--136},
  topic = {legai-AI;logic-programming;tax-law;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sherrah-gong:1999a,
  author = {Jamie Sherrah and Shaogang Gong},
  title = {Exploiting Context in Gesture Recognition},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {515--518},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;gestures;}  
  } 

@article{ sherry:1999a,
  author = {David Sherry},
  title = {Note on the Scope of Truth-Functional Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {3},
  pages = {327--328},
  topic = {foundations-of-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ sheth-larson_j:1990a,
  author = {A. Sheth and J. Larson},
  title = {Federated Database Systems for Managing Distributed,
  	Heterogeneous, and Autonomous Databases},
  journal = {{ACM} Computing Surveys},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {183--236},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {federated-databases;}  
  } 

@book{ shibatani:1975a,
  author = {Mayayoshi Shibatani},
  title = {A Linguistic Study of Causative Constructions},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {nl-causatives;Japanese-language;}  
 } 

@techreport{ shieber:1983a,
  author = {Stuart M. Shieber},
  year = {1983},
  title = {Sentence Disambiguation by a Shift-Reduce Parsing Technique},
  institution = {SRI International},
  number = {Technical Note 281},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
} 

@techreport{ shieber-etal:1983a,
  author = {Stuart M. Shieber and Susan U. Stucky and Hans Uszkoreit and
  	Jane J. Robinson},
  title = {Formal Constraints on Metarules},
  institution = {SRI International},
  number = {Technical Note 283},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {GPSG;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ shieber-etal:1983b,
  author = {Stuart M. Shieber and Hans Uszkoreit and Fernando Pereira and
  	Jane J. Robinson and Mary Tyson},
  title = {The Formalism and Implementation of {PATR-II}},
  year = {1983},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, SRI International},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;unification;}  
  } 

@article{ shieber:1984a,
  author = {Stuart M. Shieber},
  title = {Direct Parsing of {ID/LP} Grammars},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {135--154},
  contentnote = {ID/LP is "Immediate dominance/linear precedence".},
  topic = {GPSG;parsing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ shieber:1985a,
  author = {Stuart M. Schieber},
  title = {Evidence against the Context-Freeness of Natural
  	Language},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {333--343},
  topic = {formal-language-theory;nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@book{ shieber:1986a,
  author = {Stuart M. Shieber},
  title = {An Introduction to Unification-Based Approaches to
  	Grammar},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {unification;grammar-formalisms;}  
 } 

@incollection{ shieber:1987a,
  author = {Stuart Shieber},
  title = {Separating Linguistic Analyses from Linguistic Theories},
  booktitle = {Linguistic Theory and Computer Applications},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {P. Whitelock},
  pages = {1--36},
  address = {London},
  topic = {nlp-and-linguistics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ shieber:1989a,
  author = {Stuart M. Shieber},
  title = {{CL-PATR} Reference Manual},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Center for the Study of Language
  	and Information},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;unification;}  
  } 

@article{ shieber-etal:1990a,
  author = {Stuart Shieber and Gertjan van Noord and Fernando
  	 Pereira and Robert Moore},
  title = {Semantic-Head-Driven Generation},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {30--42},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
  } 

@book{ shieber:1992a,
  author = {Stuart Shieber},
  title = {Constraint-Based Grammar Formalisms:
           Parsing and Type Inference for Natural and Computer Languages},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;constraint-based-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ shieber-etal:1996a,
  author = {Stuart M. Shieber and Fernando C.N. Pereira and Mary
  	Dalrymple},
  title = {Interactions of Scope and Ellipsis},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {19},
  number = {5},
  pages = {537--552},
  topic = {ellipsis;anaphora;}  
  } 

@book{ shields:1999a,
  author = {Christopher Shields},
  title = {Order in Multiplicity: Homonymy in the
  	Philosophy of {A}ristotle},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: matthews:2001a},
  topic = {Aristotle;ambiguity;} 
 } 

@article{ shih-sproat:2001a,
  author = {Chilin Shih and Richard Sproat},
  title = {Review of {\it Prosody, Theory and Experiment:  Studies 
  	Presented to {G}\"osta {B}ruce}, edited by {M}erle {H}orne},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {450--456},
  xref = {Review of: horne:2000a},
  topic = {prosody;}  
  } 

@book{ shils-finch:1949a,
  editor = {Edward A. Shils and Henry A. Finch},
  title = {Max {W}eber on the Methodology of the Social Sciences},
  publisher = {Free Press},
  year = {1949},
  address = {Glencoe, Illinois},
  ISBN = {0465017894},
  topic = {sociology;social-science-methodology;
  	philosophy-of-social-science;}  
 } 

@book{ shils:1981a,
  author = {Edward A. Shils},
  title = {Tradition},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0226753255},
  topic = {social-change;civilization;sociology;}  
 } 

@article{ shimaya:1995a,
  author = {Akira Shimaya},
  title = {Interpreting Non-{3-D} Line Drawings},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {77},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--41},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper shows how to create a small number of natural
     interpretations for non-3-D line drawings.  If all constraints
     are removed, there is an infinite number of possible
     interpretations.  However, humans instinctively create a limited
     number of interpretations.  In order to obtain these
     interpretations, it is first necessary to check whether the line
     drawing requires figural completion.  To ensure that natural
     figural completion is carried out, restrictions on figural
     completion, possible completion paths, and an actual process for
     completing figures are introduced.  Next, constraints are
     introduced to reduce the number of interpretations.  These
     include constraints concerning line elements, duplication,
     connectedness, inclusiveness, closure, good figures, and line
     sharing.  The results of a psychological experiment show that the
     proposed method can create a small number of natural
     interpretations that correspond to human visual perception
     fairly well.  } ,
  topic = {line-drawings;}  
  } 

@article{ shimizu-numao:1997a,
  author = {Shuichi Shimizu and Masayuki Numao},
  title = {Constraint-Based Design for {3D} Shapes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {91},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--69},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper proposes an ATMS-based geometric reasoning system for
     feature-based 3D solid modeling.  Here, every feature is
     described by a set of geometric constraints such as distances
     between edges and angles between faces.  The system has to
     evaluate the constraints in order to determine the attributes of
     all the geometric elements in the features.  Therefore, the
     modeling process can be considered as a constraint satisfaction
     problem.  Our ATMS-based approach overcomes two serious
     drawbacks of conventional rule-based approaches: inefficiency
     and poor conflict handling.
      For the first problem, a state reduction method, represented as
     an ATMS justification, resolves the problem of combinatorial
     explosion in the rules' pattern matching.  Here, intermediate
     states are defined by the degree of freedom: the determined
     geometric elements have zero degrees, and free faces, edges, and
     vertices have three, four, and three degrees, respectively.  Each
     constraint invocation reduces the degree; that is, it increases
     the level of determinacy of the status.
      For the second problem, the ATMS's label update propagation
     mechanism resolves conflicts of constraints.  It distinguishes
     conflicting situations from redundant or under-constrained ones,
     and the minimum diagnosis technique detects which constraint
     causes the conflict.  The use of an ATMS as a propositional
     reasoning function has various advantages over rule-based
     systems, such as avoidance of infinite loops and reasoning
     without pattern matching.
      The paper also considers the computational efficiency of our
     approach and proves its practicality by presenting data on an
     actual product.  } ,
  topic = {three-D-reasoning;geometric-reasoning;truth-maintenance;
  	CAD;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ shimohata-etal:1997a,
  author = {Sayori Shimohata and Toshiyuki Sugio and Junji Nagata},
  title = {Retrieving Collocations by Co-Occurrences and Word Order
  	Constraints},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {476--481},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {collocations;corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ shimojima:1996a,
  author = {Atsushi Shimojima},
  title = {Constraint-Preserving Representations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Information
  	Theoretic Approaches to Logic, Language and Computation	(ITALLC)},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Department of Psychology, London Guildhall University},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages},
  topic = {visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ shimony:1994a,
  author = {Solomon Eyal Shimony},
  title = {Finding {MAP}s for Belief Networks Is {NP}-Hard},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {68},
  number = {2},
  pages = {399--410},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Given a probabilistic world model, an important problem is to
     find the maximum a-posteriori probability (MAP) instantiation of
     all the random variables given the evidence.  Numerous
     researchers using such models employ some graph representation
     for the distributions, such as a Bayesian belief network.  This
     representation simplifies the complexity of specifying the
     distributions from exponential in n, the number of variables in
     the model, to linear in n, in many interesting cases.  We show,
     however, that finding the MAP is NP-hard in the general case
     when these representations are used, even if the size of the
     representation happens to be linear in n.  Furthermore, minor
     modifications to the proof show that the problem remains NP-hard
     for various restrictions of the topology of the graphs.  The same
     technique can be applied to the results of a related paper (by
     Cooper), to further restrict belief network topology in the
     proof that probabilistic inference is NP-hard.  } ,
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;abduction;diagnosis;Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@article{ shimura-george_fh:1973a,
  author = {Masamichi Shimura and Frank H. George},
  title = {Rule-Oriented Methods in Problem Solving},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {203--223},
  topic = {problem-solving;}  
  } 

@article{ shin_hs:1993a,
  author = {H.S. Shin},
  title = {Logical Structure of Common Knowledge},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Theory},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {60},
  pages = {1--13},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {mutual-belief;game-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ shin_hs:1996a,
  author = {H.S. Shin},
  title = {Logical Structure of Common Knowledge},
  journal = {Review of Economic Studies},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {63},
  pages = {39--60},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {bargaining-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ shin_hs:1996b,
  author = {H.S. Shin},
  title = {How Much Common Belief is Necessary for a Convention?},
  journal = {Games and Economic Behavior},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {252--258},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {mutual-belief;convention;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shin_sj:1991a,
  author = {Sun-Joo Shin},
  title = {A Situation-Theoretic Account of Valid Reasoning
   	with {V}enn Diagrams},
  booktitle = {Situation Theory and its Applications},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise and Jean Mark Gawron and Gordon Plotkin
  	and Syun Tutiya},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  pages = {581--605},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {visual-reasoning;situation-theory;diagrams;}  
  } 

@book{ shin_sj:1995a,
  author = {Sun-Joo Shin},
  title = {The Logical Status of Diagrams},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;visual-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ shin_sj:1999c,
  author = {Sun-Joo Shin},
  title = {Reconstituting Beta Graphs into an Efficacious
  	System},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {273--295},
  topic = {reasoning-with-diagrams;}  
  } 

@book{ shin_sj:2001a,
  author = {Sun-Joo Shin},
  title = {Iconicity in Logic: Existential Graphs and Heterogeneous
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {Peirce;existential-graphs;diagrams;}  
 } 

@book{ shipley:1927a,
  author = {Maynard Shipley},
  title = {The War on Modern Science: A Short History of
  	Fundamentalist Attacks on Evolutionism and Modernism},
  publisher = {A.A. Knopf},
  year = {1927},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {fundamentalism;creationism;}  
 } 

@article{ shirai:1973a,
  author = {Yoshiaki Shirai},
  title = {A Context Sensitive Line Finder for Recognition of
  	Polyhedra},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {95--119},
  topic = {shape-recognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shirai:1984a,
  author = {Ken-ichiro Shirai},
  title = {Where Locative Expressions are Located in {M}ontague
  	Grammar},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {365--384},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {locative-constructions;nl-semantics;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shirasu:1998a,
  author = {Hiroyuki Shirasu},
  title = {Duality in Superintuitionistic and Modal Predicate
  	Logics},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {223--236},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ shneiderman:1987a,
  author = {Ben Shneiderman},
  title = {Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective
  	Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201165058},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ shneiderman:1992a,
  author = {Ben Shneiderman},
  title = {Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective
  	Human--Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201572869},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ shoemaker:1968a,
  author = {Sydney Shoemaker},
  title = {Self-Reference and Self-Awareness},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {65},
  pages = {555--567},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {introspection;self-reference;self-knowledge;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shoemaker:1979a,
  author = {Sidney Shoemaker},
  title = {Identity, Properties and Causality},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}:
  	Studies in Metaphysics},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {321--342},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {identity-individuation;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shoemaker:1986a,
  author = {Sydney Shoemaker},
  title = {Introspection and Self},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {101--120},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;introspection;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shoemaker:1997a,
  author = {Sydney Shoemaker},
  title = {Self and Substance},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {283--304},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {personal-identity;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1986a1,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Chronological Ignorance: An Experiment in
        Nonmonotonic Temporal Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  pages = {389--393},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication: shoham_y1:1986a2.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;}  
	} 

@incollection{ shoham_y1:1986a2,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Chronological Ignorance: An Experiment in
        Nonmonotonic Temporal Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {396--409},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: shoham_y1:1986a1.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1986b,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Reified Temporal Logics: Semantical and Ontological
  	Considerations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of 7th {ECAI}, Brighton, U.K.},
  organization = {ECAI},
  month = {July},
  year = {1986},
  topic = {temporal-representation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ shoham_y1:1986c,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {What Is the Frame Problem?},
  booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky},
  pages = {83--98},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xef = {Reprinted, see shoham_y1:1987a.},
  topic = {kr;frame-problem;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ shoham_y1:1986d,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},   
  title = {Reasoning about Change: Time and Causation from the
  	Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence},
  school = {Department of Computer Science, Yale University},
  year = {1986},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {New Haven, Connecticut},
  topic = {causality;nonmonotonic-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;
  	frame-problem;}  
 } 

@incollection{ shoham_y1:1987a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {What is the Frame Problem?},
  booktitle = {The Frame Problem in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings
  	of the 1987 Workshop},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Frank M. Brown},
  pages = {5--21},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xef = {Reprint of shoham_y1:1986a.},
  topic = {kr;frame-problem;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1987b,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Logics:  Meaning and Utility},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {John McDermott},
  pages = {388--393},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning-survey;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shoham_y1:1987c1,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {A Semantical Approach to Nonmonotonic Logics},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  editor = {Matthew  L. Ginsberg},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  pages = {227--250},
  year = {1987},
  xref = {Republication: shoham_y1:1987c2.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
    } 

@incollection{ shoham_y1:1987c2,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {A Semantical Approach to Nonmonotonic
         Logics},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {227--250},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: shoham_y1:1987c1.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ shoham_y1:1987d,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Temporal Logics in {AI}: Semantical and Ontological
  	Considerations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {33},
  number = {1},
  pages = {89--104},
  topic = {temporal-logic;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ shoham_y1:1988a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Reasoning about Change: Time and Causation From the
  	Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {causality;nonmonotonic-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;
  	frame-problem;}  
 } 

@techreport{ shoham_y1:1988b1,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Time for Action:  On the Relation between
		Time, Knowledge, and Action},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, Stanford University},
  number = {STAN--CS--88--1236},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Stanford},
  xref = {Conference Publication: shoham_y1:1988b2.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;kr;planning-formalisms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1988b2,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Time for Action: On the Relation Between Time,
             Knowledge, and Action},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {954--959},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Tech Report: shoham_y1:1988b1.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;kr;planning-formalisms;}  
  } 

@article{ shoham_y1:1988c1,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Efficient Temporal Reasoning about Rich Temporal Domains},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {4},
  pages = {443--474},
  xref = {Republication: shoham_y1:1988c2.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualification-problem;frame-problem;
  	extended-prediction-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shoham_y1:1988c2,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Efficient Temporal Reasoning about Rich Temporal Domains},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {191--222},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Republication of: shoham_y1:1988c1.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualification-problem;frame-problem;
  	extended-prediction-problem;}  
  } 

@techreport{ shoham_y1:1988d,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Belief as Defeasible Knowledge},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University},
  number = {STAN-CS-88-1237},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {belief;knowledge;epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ shoham_y1:1988e,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Chronological Ignorance: Experiments in Nonmonotonic
  	Temporal Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {36},
  number = {3},
  pages = {279--331},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shoham_y1-goyal:1988a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham and Nina Goyal},
  title = {Temporal Reasoning in Artificial Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Howard E. Shrobe},
  pages = {419--438},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ shoham_y1-mcdermott_d:1988a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham and Drew McDermott},
  title = {Problems in Formal Temporal Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {36},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49--61},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ shoham_y1:1990a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Causation},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {213--252},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;}  
  } 

@techreport{ shoham_y1:1990b1,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Agent Oriented Programming},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University},
  number = {STAN-CS-90-1335},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  xref = {AIJ Pub shoham_y1:1990b2.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;cognitive-robotics;}  
  } 

@article{ shoham_y1:1990b2,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Agent Oriented Programming},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {60},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--92},
  xref = {Stanford Tech Report shoham_y1:1990b1.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;cognitive-robotics;}  
  } 

@article{ shoham_y1:1991a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Remarks on {S}imon's Comments},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {300--303},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shoham_y1:1991b,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Varieties of Context},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {393--407},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shoham_y1:1991c,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Implementing the Intensional Stance},
  booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock},
  pages = {261--277},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;cognitive-architectures;foundations-of-cogsci;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shoham_y1:1992a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Multiple Mental Attitudes in Agents},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {106--107},
  contentnote = {Introduction to a panel on modeling mental states.},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {agent-attitudes;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ shoham_y1-tennenholtz:1992a,
 author = {Yoav Shoham and Moshe Tennenholtz},
 title = {On the Synthesis of Useful Social Laws
 	for Artificial Agent Societies},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
 pages = {276--281},              Artificial Intelligence},
 year = {1992},
 editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
 organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
 publisher = {AAAI Press},
 address = {Menlo Park, California},
 topic = {distributed-systems;social-choice-theory;artificial-societies;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shoham_y1-tennenholtz:1992b,
  author = {Yoav Shoham and Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {Emergent Conventions in Multi-Agent Systems: Initial
  	Experimental Results and Observations},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {225--231},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {multiagent-systems;convention;}  
  } 

@article{ shoham_y1:1993a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Agent-Oriented Programming},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {60},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--92},
  topic = {knowledge-based-programming;agent-oriented-programming;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ shoham_y1:1995a,
  author = {Yoav SHoham},
  title = {Some Recent Ideas on Utility (and Probability)},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	Stanford University.},
  topic = {qualititative-utility;qualitative-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ shoham_y1-tennenholtz:1995a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham and Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {On Social Laws for Artificial Agent Societies: Off-Line
  	Design},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {73},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {231--252},
  topic = {artificial-societies;}  
  } 

@book{ shoham_y1:1996a,
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1997a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {A Mechanism for Reasoning about Utilities (and
        Probabilities): Preliminary Report},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {85--93},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;foundations-of-utility;multiattribute-utility;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1997b,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {A Symmetric View of Probabilities and Utilities},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Martha Pollack},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  missinginfo = {PAGES 1324--},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1997c,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Two Senses of Conditional Utility},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on
		Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-97)},
  year = {1997},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address, pages},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ shoham_y1-tennenholtz:1997a,
 author = {Yoav Shoham and Moshe Tennenholtz},
 title = {On the Emergence of Social Conventions: Modeling,
 	Analysis and Simulations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {139--166},
  topic = {coordination;convention;}  
  } 

@article{ shoham_y2-toledo:2002a,
  author = {Yaron Shoham and Sival Toledo},
  title = {Parallel Randomized Best-First Minimax Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {137},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {165--196},
  topic = {diagnosis;temporal-reasoning;} 
  } 

@article{ shope:1965a,
  author = {Robert K. Shope},
  title = {Prima Facie Duty},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {11},
  pages = {279--287},
  xref = {Commentary: } ,
  topic = {prima-facie-obligation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ shopen:1973a,
  author = {Timothy Shopen},
  title = {Main Verb Arguments vs. Adverbs and Adjuncts---A Problem
  	in Defining the Meaning of the Sentence as the Sum of Its
	Parts},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {compositionality;adjuncts;}  
  } 

@article{ shopen:1973b,
  author = {Timothy Shopen},
  title = {Ellipsis as Grammatical Indeterminacy},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--77},
  topic = {ellipsis;}  
  } 

@book{ shopen:1985a,
  editor = {Timothy Shopen},
  title = {Language, Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume {I}:
  	CLause Structure},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {linguistic-typology;nl-syntax;} 
 } 

@book{ shopen:1985b,
  editor = {Timothy Shopen},
  title = {Language, Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume {II}:
  	Complex Constructions},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {linguistic-typology;nl-syntax;} 
 } 

@book{ shopen:1985c,
  editor = {Timothy Shopen},
  title = {Language, Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume {III}:
  	Grammatical Categories and the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {linguistic-typology;nl-syntax;} 
 } 

@book{ shore:1996a,
  author = {Bradd Shore},
  title = {Culture in Mind},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {language-and-culture;philosophical-anthropology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ shorter:1965a,
  author = {J.M. Shorter},
  title = {Causality, and a Method of Analysis},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1965},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {145--157},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {causation;}  
  } 

@article{ shortliffe-etal:1979a,
  author = {Edward H. Shortliffe and Bruce G. Buchanan and
  	Edward A. Feigenbaum},
  title = {Knowledge Engineering for Medical Decision Making: A
  	Review of Computer-Based Clinical Decision Aids},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {IEEE}},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {1207--1224},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {expert-systems;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ shortliffe:1980a1,
  author = {Edward Shortliffe},
  title = {Consultation Systems for Physicians},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {C}anadian Society for Computational
  	Studies of Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  publisher = {{C}anadian Society for Computational
  	Studies of Intelligence},
  missinginfo = {Editor, Address, pages},
  xref = {Republication: shortliffe:1980a2.},
  topic = {expert-systems;medical-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shortliffe:1980a2,
  author = {Edward Shortliffe},
  title = {Consultation Systems for Physicians},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {323--333},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Conference Publication: shortliffe:1980a2},
  topic = {expert-systems;medical-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ shostak:1976a,
  author = {Robert E.  Shostak},
  title = {Refutation Graphs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--64},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A graph-theoretic characterization of truth-functional
     consistency is introduced, providing a clear perspective on some
     resolution-based systems for deciding formulas in propositional
     and first-order logic.  Various resolution strategies are
     analyzed in terms of ``walks'' about specially defined graphs.  A
     new procedure -- called Graph Construction -- is presented that
     improves on the Model Elimination and SL strategies.  } ,
  topic = {theorem-proving;graph-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ shrager:1987a,
  author = {Jeff Shrager},
  title = {Review of {\it Universal Subgoaling and Chunking: The
  	Automatic Generation and Learning of Goal Hierarchies},
	by {J}ohn {L}aird, {P}aul {R}osenbloom and {A}llen {N}ewell},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {32},
  number = {2},
  pages = {269--273},
  xref = {Review of: laird-etal:1986a.},
  topic = {machine-learning;planning;cognitive-architectures;}  
  } 

@article{ shrager:1989a,
  author = {Jeff Shrager},
  title = {Review of {\it Induction: Process of Inference, Learning
  	and Discovery}, by {J}ohn {H}. {H}olland, {K}eith {J}.
	{H}olyoak, {R}ichard {E}. {N}isbett, and {P}aul {R}.
	{T}hagard},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {41},
  number = {2},
  pages = {249--252},
  xref = {Review of holland_jh:1986a.},
  topic = {induction;scientific-discovery;}  
  } 

@article{ shramko:1999a,
  author = {Yaroslav Shramko},
  title = {Review of {\it Applied Logic}, by {K}aj {B}\"orge {H}ansen},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {429--432},
  xref = {Review of: hansen_kb:1996a.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ shravetaylor:2001a,
  author = {John Shrave-Taylor},
  title = {Review of {\it Neural Network Learning: Theoretical
  	Foundations}, by {M}artin {A}nthony and {P}eter {L}. {B}artlett},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {99--100},
  xref = {Review of anthony-bartlett:1999a.},
  topic = {connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@book{ shrobe:1988a,
  editor = {Howard E. Shrobe},
  title = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1988},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
 } 

@article{ shrobe:2000a,
  author = {Howard Shrobe},
  title = {What Does the Future Hold?},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {41--57},
  topic = {AI-editorial;}  
  } 

@article{ shults-kuipers_bj:1997a,
  author = {Benjamin Shults and Benjamin J. Kuipers},
  title = {Proving Properties of Continuous Systems: Qualitative
  	Simulation and Temporal Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {92},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {91--129},
  topic = {temporal-logic;qualitative-physics;continuous-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ shvarts:1989a,
  author = {Grigory F. Shvarts},
  title = {Fixed Points in the Propositional Nonmonotonic Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--206},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ shvarts:1990a,
  author = {Grigori Shvarts},
  title = {Autoepistemic Modal Logics},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {97--109},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {autoepistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ shvaytser:1988a,
  author = {Haim Shvaytser},
  title = {Representing Knowledge in Learning Systems by Pseudo
  	Boolean Functions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {245--259},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {learning-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ shwayder:1984a,
  author = {David S. Shwayder},
  title = {Hume Was Right, Almost, and Where He Wasn't, {K}ant Was},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {135--149},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sibun:1990a,
  author = {Penelope Sibun},
  title = {The Local Organization of Text},
  booktitle = {Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language
  	Generation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {120--127},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
} 

@phdthesis{ sibun:1991a,
  author = {Penelope Sibun},
  title = {Locally Organized Text Generation},
  school = {University of Massachusetts},
  note = {Technical Report COINS--91--73.},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
} 

@article{ sibun:1992a,
  author = {Penelope Sibun},
  title = {Generating Text without Trees},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {102--122},
  note = {Special Issue on Natural Language Generation.},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ sidner_cl:1979a,
  author = {Candice L. Sidner},
  title = {Towards a Computational Theory of Definite Anaphora
  	Comprehension in {E}nglish Discourse},
  school = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts
  	Institute of Technology},
  year = {1979},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {anaphora;discourse;}  
 } 

@article{ sidner_cl:1979b,
  author = {Candice L. Sidner},
  title = {Focusing for Interpretation of Pronouns},
  journal = {American Journal of Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {217--231},
  topic = {anaphora;discourse-coherence;discourse;
  	anaphora-resolution;centering;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ sidner_cl-bobrow_rj:1984a,
  author = {Candice L. Sidner and Robert J. Bobrow},
  title = {Research in Knowledge Representation for Natural
  	Language Understanding},
  institution = {Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.},
  number = {5694},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-kr;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ sidner_cl:1985a,
  author = {Candice L. Sidner},
  title = {Plan Parsing for Intended Response Recognition in
  	Discourse},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--10},
  topic = {plan-recognition;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sidner_cl:1994a,
  author = {Candice L. Sidner},
  title = {An Artificial Discourse Language for Collaborative Negotiation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  editor = "Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf",
  pages = {814--819},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {collaboration;coord-in-conversation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ sidner_cl-etal:2000a,
  editor = {Candace L. Sidner and Jamnes Allen and Harald Aust and
  	Philip Cohen and Justine Cassell and Laila Dybkjaer and
	X.D. Huang and Masato Ishizaki and Candace Kamm andd
	Lin-Shan Lee and Susann Luperfoy and Patti Price and
	Owen Rambow and Norbert Reithinger and Alex Rudnicky
	and Stephanie Seneff and Dave Stallard and David Traum and
	Marilyn Walker and Wayne Ward},
  title = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Candace Sidner and Caroline Boettner and Charles Rich, "Lessons
     		Learned in Building Spoken Language Cooperative
		Interface Agents", pp. 1--6
     2. Staffan Larssen and Peter Ljungl\"of and Robin Cooper and
     		Elisabet Engdahl and Stina Ericsson, "{GoDiS}---An
		Accommodating Dialogue System", pp. 7--10
     3. Stephanie Seneff and Joseph Polifroni, "Dialogue Management
     		in the {M}ercury Flight Reservation System", pp. 11--16
     4. Diane Litman and Satinder Singh and Michael Kearns and
     		Marilyn Walker, "{NJFun}: A Reinforcement Spoken
		Dialogue System", pp. 17--20
     5. Scott Axelrod, "Natural Language Generation in the {IBM} 
     		Flight Information System", pp. 21--32
     6. James Allen and Donna Byron and Dave Costello and Myroslava
     		Dzikovska and George Ferguson and Lucian Galescu
		and Amanda Stent, "{TRIPS}-911 System
		Demonstration", pp. 33--35
     7. Marsal Gavald\`a, "Epiphenomenal Grammar Acquisition with
     		GSG", pp. 36--41
     8. Wei Xu and Alexander I. Rudnicky, "Task-Based Dialog
     		Management Using an Agenda", pp. 42--47
     9. Christine H. Nakatani and Jennifer Chu-Carroll, "Using
     		Dialogie Representations for Concept-to-Speech
		Generation", pp. 48--53
    10. Manny Rayner and Beth Ann Hockey and Frankie James, "A
    		Compact Architecture for Dialogue Management
		Based on Scripts and Meta-Outputs", pp. 54--60
    11. Sharon J. Goldwater and Elizabeth Owen Bratt and Jean Mark
    		Gawron and John Dowding, "Building a Robust
		Dialogue System with Limited Data", pp. 61--65
    } ,
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ sidner_cl-etal:2000b,
  author = {Candace L. Sidner and Caroline Boettner and Charles Rich},
  title = {Lessons Learned in Building Spoken Language Cooperative
		Interface Agents},
  booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Candace Sidner et al.},
  pages = {1--6},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@article{ sidner_t:1997a,
  author = {Theodore Sidner},
  title = {Four-Dimensionalism},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {106},
  number = {2},
  pages = {197--231},
  topic = {personal-identity;}  
  } 

@article{ sidner_t:1999a,
  author = {Theodore Sidner},
  title = {Review of{\em Ontology, Modality, and the Fallacy
		of Reference}},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  number = {2},
  pages = {284--294},
  xref = {Review of jubien:1993a.},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;essentialism;reference;}  
  } 

@article{ sidner_t:2001a,
  author = {Theodore Sidner},
  title = {Review of {\em {Meaning},} by {P}aul {H}orwich},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {1},
  pages = {101--104},
  xref = {Review of horwich:1998a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semnantics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sidorenko:1994a,
  author = {E.A. Sidorenko},
  title = {On Extensions of {E}},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {195--202},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ sidorsky:1965a,
  author = {David Sidorsky},
  title = {A Note on Three Criticisms of Von {W}right},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {12},
  pages = {739--742},
  xref = {Commentary on: castaneda:1965b, vonwright:1963a.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;action;}  
  } 

@article{ sieg:1990a,
  author = {Wilfried Sieg},
  title = {Relative Consistency and Accessible Domains},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {84},
  number = {2},
  pages = {259--297},
  topic = {proof-theory;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ sieg:1997a,
  author = {Wilfried Sieg},
  title = {Step by Recursive Step: {C}hurch's Analysis of Effective
  	Computability},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {154--180},
  topic = {computability;history-of-logic;Church's-thesis;}  
  } 

@article{ sieg:1999a,
  author = {Wilfried Sieg},
  title = {Hilbert's Programs: 1917--1922},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {199},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--44},
  topic = {Hilbert's-program;history-of-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ siegal:1991a,
  author = {Michael Siegal},
  title = {A Clash of Conversational Worlds:
     		Interpreting Cognitive Development through
		Communication},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and 
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {23--40},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ siegel_ev:1997a,
  author = {Eric V. Siegel},
  title = {Learning Methods for Combining Linguistic
		Indicators to Classify Verbs},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {156--163},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;verb-classes;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ siegel_ev:1998a,
  author = {Eric V. Siegel},
  title = {Disambiguating Verbs with the
		{W}ord{N}et Category of Direct Object},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {9--15},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;lexical-disambiguation;}  
  } 

@article{ siegel_ev-mckeown:2000a,
  author = {Eric V. Siegel and Kathleen R. McKeown},
  title = {Learning Methods to Combine Linguistic Indicators:
  	Improving Aspectual Classification and Revealing
	Linguistic Insights},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {595--628},
  topic = {tense-aspect;machine-language-learning;text-understanding;}  
  } 

@book{ siegel_gma:2000a,
  author = {Gabriel M.A. Siegel},
  title = {A Slim Book about Narrow Content},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-69230-9},
  topic = {internal/external-properties;}  
 } 

@article{ siegel_gma:2001a,
  author = {Gabriel M.A. Siegel},
  title = {On a Difference between Language and Thought},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {125--139},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ siegel_ma:1976a,
  author = {Muffy A. Siegel},
  title = {Capturing the {R}ussian Adjective},
  booktitle = {Montague Grammar},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Barbara H. Partee},
  pages = {293--309},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-semantics;adjectives;Russian-language;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ siegel_ma:1977a,
  author = {Muffy A. Siegel},
  title = {Measure Adjectives in {M}ontague Grammar},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, San
  	Diego State University},
  topic = {measures;Montague-grammar;adjectives;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ siegel_ma:1978a,
  author = {Muffy A. Siegel},
  title = {Some Thoughts on Propositional Attitudes,
  	Psychological Meanings, and Intensions in {M}ontague Grammar},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {intensionality;propositional-attituds;Montague-grammar;
  	foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ siegel_ma:1987a,
  author = {Muffy A. Siegel},
  title = {Compositionality, Case, and the Scope of Auxiliaries},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--75},
  topic = {auxiliary-verbs;compositionality;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ siegel_ma:1994a,
  author = {Muffy A. Siegel},
  title = {Such: Binding and the Pro-Adjective},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {5},
  pages = {481--497},
  topic = {pro-forms;adjectives;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ siegel_p-schwind:1993a,
  author = {P. Siegel and C. Schwind},
  title = {Modal Logic Based Theory for Non-Monotonic Reasoning},
  journal = {Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {73--92},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {modal-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ siegel_p-forget:1996a,
  author = {Pierre Siegel and Lionel Forget},
  title = {A Representation Theorem for Preferential Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {453--460},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {model-preference;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ siekman-fehrer:1998a,
  author = {J. Siekman and D. Fehrer},
  title = {Introduction (to Part {II}: Representation)},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ sierrasantibanez:1998a,
  author = {Josefina Sierra Santib\'a\~nez},
  title = {Declarative Formalization of Strategies for
  	Action Selection},
  year = {1998},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	Stanford University},
  topic = {heuristics;situation-calculus;circumscription;}  
  } 

@article{ siewart:2001a,
  author = {Charles Siewart},
  title = {Self-Knowledge and Phenomenal Unity},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {35},
  number = {4},
  pages = {542--568},
  topic = {introspection;epistemology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sigman:1983a,
  author = {Stuart J. Sigman},
  title = {Some Multiple Constraints Placed on Conversational Topics},
  booktitle = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and
  	Strategy},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey},
  pages = {174--195},
  address = {London},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ siklossy-roach:1975a,
  author = {L. Sikl\'ossy and J. Roach},
  title = {Model Verification and Improvement Using {DISPROVER}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--52},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Confidence in the adequacy of a model is increased if tasks that
     are impossible in the world are shown to correspond to
     disprovable tasks in the model. DISPROVER has been used as a
     tool to test, in worlds of robots, the impossibility of tasks
     related to various conservation laws (objects, position, model
     consistency, etc.) and time constraints. The adequacy and
     sufficiency of operators can be established. Interacting with
     DISPROVER, the model designer can improve his axiomatization.
     The frontier between ``acceptable'' and ``ridiculous''
     axiomatizations is shown, in many examples, to be a most tenuous
     one.
   } ,
  topic = {cognitive-robotics;ability;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sikorski-allen:1997a,
  author = {Teresa Sikorski and James Allen},
  title = {A Scheme for Annotating Problem Solving Actions in Dialogue},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative
		Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {83--89},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {David Traum},
  topic = {speech-acts;discourse-planning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ silverman:1992a,
  author = {Barry G. Silverman},
  title = {Critiquing Human Error: A Knowledge Based Human-Computer
  	Collaboration Approach},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0126437408},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ silverman:1997a,
  editor = {David Silverman},
  title = {Qualitative Research: Theory, Method, and Practics},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {qualitative-methods;}  
 } 

@incollection{ silverstein:1976a,
  author = {Michael Silverstein},
  title = {Shifters, Linguistic Categories, and Cultural Description},
  booktitle = {Meaning in Anthropology},
  publisher = {University of New Mexico Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {K.H. Basso and H.A. Selby},
  pages = {11--55},
  address = {Alburqueque},
  topic = {ethnolinguistics;meaning-and-culture;}  
  } 

@book{ silverstein-urban:1996a,
  editor = {Michael Silverstein and Greg Urban},
  title = {Natural Histories of Discourse},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Chicago},
  contentnote = {Essays dealing with the interpretation of texts from
  	other cultures.},
  topic = {ethnolinguistics;meaning-and-culture;pragmatics;}  
} 

@incollection{ simaan:1998a,
  author = {Khalil Sima'an},
  title = {Explanation-Based Learning of Data-Oriented Parsing},
  booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {T. Mark Ellison},
  pages = {107--116},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;parsing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ simari-loui:1992a,
  author = {Guillermo R. Simari and Ronald P. Loui},
  title = {A Mathematical Treatment of Defeasible Reasoning and Its
  	Implementation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {53},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {125--157},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;
  	argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;specificity;}  
  } 

@article{ simchen:2001a,
  author = {Ori Simchen},
  title = {Rules and Mention},
  journal = {The Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {51},
  missinginfo = {number, pages},
  topic = {Achilles-and-the-tortoise;}  
  } 

@article{ simmons_k:1990a,
  author = {Keith Simmons},
  title = {The Diagonal Argument and the Liar},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {277--303},
  topic = {diagonalization-arguments;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ simmons_k:1999a,
  author = {Keith Simmons},
  title = {Deflationary Truth and the {L}iar},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {5},
  pages = {455--488},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;truth;}  
  } 

@article{ simmons_k:2000a,
  author = {Keith Simmons},
  title = {Deflationary Truth and the Liar},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {29},
  number = {5},
  pages = {455--488},
  topic = {disquotationalist-truth;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ simmons_r1-slocum:1972a,
  author = {R. Simmons and Jonathan Slocum},
  title = {Generating {E}nglish Discourse From Semantic Networks},
  journal = {Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {15},
  number = {10},
  pages = {891--905},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {nl-generation;pragmatics;}  
} 

@article{ simmons_r2:1992a,
  author = {Reid G. Simmons},
  title = {The Roles of Associational and Causal Reasoning in Problem
  	Solving},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {53},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {159--207},
  contentnote = {Develops the "Generate, Test and Debug" paradigm of problem
  	solving.  Applications in planning and interpretation, geology
	domains.},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Efficiency and robustness are two desirable, but often
     conflicting, characteristics of problem solvers.  This article
     describes the Generate, Test and Debug (GTD) paradigm, which
     combines associational and causal reasoning techniques to
     efficiently solve a wide range of problems.  GTD uses
     associational reasoning to generate initial hypotheses, and uses
     causal reasoning to test hypotheses and to debug faulty
     hypotheses, if necessary.  We contend that the characteristics of
     associational and causal reasoning differ mainly in the way they
     deal with interactions -- associational reasoning presumes
     independence; causal reasoning explicitly represents
     interactions.  This difference helps account for the strengths
     and weaknesses of the reasoning techniques, and indicates the
     problem-solving roles for which they are best suited.  The GTD
     paradigm has been implemented and tested in several planning and
     interpretation domains, with an emphasis on geologic
     interpretation.  } ,
  topic = {causal-reasoning;problem-solving;computer-assisted-science;
  	causality;problem-solving-archictectures;}  
  } 

@article{ simon_ha:1952a,
  author = {Herbert Simon},
  title = {On the Definition of the Causal Relation},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1952},
  volume = {49},
  missinginfo = {number},
  pages = {517--528},
  topic = {causality;}  
 } 

@article{ simon_ha:1955a,
  author = {Herbert Simon},
  title = {A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice},
  journal = {Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  year = {1955},
  volume = {69},
  pages = {99--118},
  topic = {limited-rationality;decision-making;rationality;}  
  } 

@techreport{ simon_ha:1966a,
  author = {Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {On Reasoning about Action},
  institution = {Carnegie Institute of Technology},
  number = {Complex Information Processing Paper \#87},
  year = {1966},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  xref = {Probably published as simon_ha:1972a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;action;}  
  } 

@article{ simon_ha-rescher:1966a,
  author = {Herbert A. Simon and Nicholas Rescher},
  title = {Cause and Counterfactual},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {323--340},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {causality;conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ simon_ha:1972a,
  author = {Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {On Reasoning about Actions},
  booktitle = {Representation and Meaning: Experiments with
        Information Processing Systems},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Herbert A. Simon and L. Siklossy},
  pages = {414--430},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;action;}  
  } 

@article{ simon_ha:1973a,
  author = {Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {The Structure of Ill Structured Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {181--201},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The boundary between well structured and ill structured problems
     is vague, fluid and not susceptible to formalization.  Any
     problem solving process will appear ill structured if the
     problem solver is a serial machine that has access to a very
     large long-term memory of potentially relevant information,
     and/or access to a very large external memory that provides
     information about the actual real-world consequences of
     problem-solving actions.  There is no reason to suppose that new
     and hitherto unknown concepts or techniques are needed to enable
     artificial intelligence systems to operate successfully in
     domains that have these characteristics.  } ,
  topic = {problem-solving;}  
  } 

@article{ simon_ha-kadane:1975a,
  author = {Herbert A. Simon and Joseph B. Kadane},
  title = {Optimal Problem-Solving Search: All-Or-None Solutions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {235--247},
  topic = {problem-solving;search;}  
  } 

@book{ simon_ha:1977a,
  author = {Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {Models of Discovery},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {foundations-of-economics;AI-classics;}  
 } 

@book{ simon_ha:1982a,
  author = {Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {Models of Bounded Rationality, Volume 1},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {limited-rationality;}  
 } 

@book{ simon_ha:1982b,
  author = {Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {Models of Bounded Rationality, Volume 2},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {limited-rationality;}  
 } 

@article{ simon_ha:1983a,
  author = {Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {Search and Reasoning in Problem Solving},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {7--29},
  topic = {search;problem-solving;}  
  } 

@incollection{ simon_ha-kaplan:1989a,
  author = {Herbert A. Simon and Craig A. Kaplan},
  title = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {1},
  pages = {1--47},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ simon_ha:1991a,
  author = {Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Causation: Comment},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {293--300},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ simon_ha:1993a,
  author = {Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {{A}llen {N}ewell: The Entry into Complex Information
  	Processing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {251--259},
  topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;history-of-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ simon_ha:1995a,
  author = {Herbert Simon},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence: an Empirical Science},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {77},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--128},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ simon_ha:1996a,
  author = {Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {The Patterned Matter That is Mind},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {407--431},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;foundations-of-cognition;}  
  } 

@book{ simon_ha:1996b,
  author = {Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {The Sciences of the Artificial},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  edition = {3},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Reviews:  stefik:1984a (2nd ed.).},
  topic = {AI-classics;foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
 } 

@book{ simon_ha:1996c,
  author = {Herbert A. Simon},
  title = {Models of Bounded Rationality:  Empirically Grounded Economic
  	Reason},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {3},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {limited-rationality;}  
 } 

@article{ simon_ha-etal:1997a,
  author = {Herbert A. Simon and Ra\'ul E. Vald\'es-P\'erez and
  	Derek H. Sleeman},
  title = {Scientific Discovery and Simplicity of Method},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {91},
  number = {2},
  pages = {177--181},
  topic = {automated-scientific-discovery;}  
  } 

@book{ simon_m:1981a,
  author = {Michael A. Simon},
  title = {Understanding Human Action: Social Explanation and the
  	Vision of Social Science},
  publisher = {State University of New York Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Albany},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;philosophy-of-social-science;}  
 } 

@incollection{ simon_t:1996a,
  author = {Tony Simon},
  title = {Development Matters},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {357--362},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;automated-scientific-discovery;
  	SOAR;}  
  } 

@book{ simon_tw-scholes:1982a,
  editor = {Thomas W. Simon and Robert J. Scholes},
  title = {Language, Mind, and Brain},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erbaum Associates},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Hillsdale, N.J.},
  ISBN = {0898591538},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;cognitive-science;}  
 } 

@incollection{ simonet:1992a,
  author = {Genevi\'eve Simonet},
  title = {{RS} Theory: A Really Skeptical Theory of Inheritance with
  	Exceptions},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {615--626},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ simonet-ducournau:1994a,
  author = {Genevi\`eve Simonet and Roland Ducournau},
  title = {On Stein's Paper: Resolving Ambiguity in Nonmonotonic
  	Inheritance Nets},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {71},
  number = {1},
  pages = {183--193},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ simonet:1996a,
  author = {Genevi\`eve Simonet},
  title = {On {S}andewall's Paper: Nonmonotonic Inference Rules for
  	Multiple Inheritance with Exceptions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {86},
  number = {2},
  pages = {359--374},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ simons_gf-thomson_jv:1997a,
  author = {Gary F. Simons and John V. Thomson},
  title = {Multilingual Data Processing in the {CELLAR} Environment},
  booktitle = {Linguistic Databases},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {John Nerbonne},
  pages = {203--234},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;multilingual-corpora;}  
  } 

@incollection{ simons_gf:1998a,
  author = {Gary F. Simons},
  title = {The Nature of Linguistic Data and
		the Requirements of a Computing Environment
		for Linguistic Research},
  booktitle = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry},
  pages = {10--25},
  address = {London},
  topic = {linguistics-and-computation;
  	computational-field-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ simons_m-galloway:1995a,
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  title = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ simons_m:1996a,
  author = {Mandy Simons},
  title = {Pronouns and Definite Descriptions: A Critique of
  	{W}ilson},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {93},
  number = {8},
  pages = {408--420},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;definite-descriptions;demonstratives;}  
  } 

@article{ simons_m:2001a,
  author = {Mandy Simons},
  title = {Disjunction and Alternativeness},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {5},
  pages = {597--619},
  topic = {disjunction;alternatives;}  
  } 

@book{ simons_p:1987a,
  author = {Peter Simons},
  title = {Parts: A Study in Ontology},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {mereology;}  
 } 

@article{ simons_p-etal:2002a,
  author = {Patrik Simons and Ilkka Niemel\"a and TImo Soininen},
  title = {Extending and Implementing the Stable Model Semantics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {138},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {181--234},
  topic = {logic-programming;stable-models;} 
  } 

@article{ sims:1972a,
  author = {C. Sims},
  title = {Money, Income, and Causality},
  journal = {American Economic review},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {62},
  pages = {540--552},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {econometrics;causality;}  
  } 

@book{ sinclair_a-etal:1978a,
  editor = {A. Sinclair and R.J. Jarvella and W.J.M. Levelt},
  title = {The Child's Conception of Language},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0521651077 (hb)},
  topic = {folk-linguistics;developmental-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ sinclair_jm-coulthard:1975a,
  author = {J.M. Sinclair and Malcolm Coulthard},
  title = {Towards an Analysis of Discourse: The {E}nglish Used by
  	Teachers and Pupils},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Oxford},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  contentnote = {This is cited by Levinson as an attempt at "Speech Act
  	Grammar.},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ singh_m1:1991a,
  author = {Munindar P. Singh},
  title = {A Logic of Situated Know-How},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {343--348},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {action;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ singh_m1:1991b,
  author = {Minindar Singh},
  title = {Intentions, Commitments and Rationality},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive
  	Science Society},
  year = {1991},
  organization = {Cognitive Science Society},
  missinginfo = {Editor, address, pages, publisher},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ singh_m1-asher:1993a,
  author = {Minindar Singh and Nicholas Asher},
  title = {A Logic of Intentions and Beliefs},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {5},
  pages = {513--554},
  topic = {action-formalisms;intention;belief;}  
  } 

@book{ singh_m1:1994a,
  author = {Minindar Singh},
  title = {Multiagent Systems: A Theoretical Framework for Intentions,
  	Know-How, and Communications},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;epistemic-logic;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ singh_m2-etal:1997a,
  author = {Mona Singh and James Barnett and Minidar P. Singh},
  title = {Enhancing Conversational Moves for Portable Dialogue Systems},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative
		Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {90--96},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {David Traum},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;discourse;}  
  } 

@article{ singh_m2:1998a,
  author = {Mona Singh},
  title = {On the Semantics of the Perfective Aspect},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {171--199},
  topic = {perfective-aspect;tense-aspect;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ singh_n-etal:1995a,
  author = {Narinder Singh and Omar Tawakol and Michael
    		Genesereth},
  title = {A Name-Space Context Graph for
		Multi-Context, Multi-Agent Systems},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  pages = {79--84},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;multiagent-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ singh_yp-roychowdhury:2001a,
  author = {Y.P. Singh and Pinaki RoyChowdhury},
  title = {Dynamic Tunneling Based Regularization in Feedforward
  	Neural Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {131},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {55--71},
  topic = {connectionist-models;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ sinnotarmstrong:1985a,
  author = {Walter Sinnot-Armstrong},
  title = {A Solution to {F}orrester's Paradox of Gentle Murder},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {82},
  number = {3},
  pages = {162--168},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sinnotarmstrong-behnke:2000a,
  author = {Walter Sinnot-Armstrong and Stephen Behnke},
  title = {Responsibility in Cases of Multiple Personality Disorder},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {301--323},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {blameworthiness;multiple-personality-disorder;}  
  } 

@article{ sinnottarmstrong:1984a,
  author = {Walter Sinnott-Armstrong},
  title = {`{O}ught' Conversationally Implies `Can'},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {93},
  number = {2},
  pages = {249--261},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ sinnottarmstrong:1988a,
  author = {Walter Sinnott-Armstrong},
  title = {Moral Dilemmas},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631157085},
  topic = {ethics;moral-conflict;} 
 } 

@book{ sinnottarmstrong-timmons:1996a,
  editor = {Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and Mark Timmons},
  title = {Moral Knowledge?  New Readings In Moral Epistemology},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0195089898 (pbk.)},
  topic = {echics;epistemology;} 
 } 

@book{ sipser:1997a,
  author = {Michael Sipser},
  title = {Introduction to the Theory of Computation},
  publisher = {PWS Publishing Co.},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Boston, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-534-944728-X},
  topic = {automata-theory;finite-state-automata;computability;
  	context-free-grammars;complexity-theory;theoretical-cs-intro;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ siskind:1990a,
  author = {Jeffrey Mark Siskind},
  title = {Acquiring Core Meanings of Words, Represented as
  	{J}ackendoff-Style Conceptual Structures, From Correlated
	Streams of Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Input},
  booktitle = {ACL90, Proceedings of the 28th Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages = {143--156},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;machine-language-learning;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ siskind:1992a,
  author = {Jeffrey Mark Siskind},
  title = {Naive Physics, Event Perception, Lexical Semantics, and
  	Language Acquisition},
  school = {Massachusets Institute of Technology},
  year = {1992},
  month = {January},
  note = {Technical Report {MIT} Artificial Intelligence Laboratory 1456.},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;computational-lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ siskind-mcallester:1993a,
  author = {Jeffrey Mark Siskind and David Allen McAllester},
  title = {Screamer: A Portable Efficient Implementation of
  	Nondeterministic Common Lisp},
  institution = {University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in
  	Cognitive Science},
  number = {IRCS-93-03},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Philadelphia, PA},
  topic = {lisp-tools;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ siskind-mcallester:1993b,
  author = {Jeffrey Mark Siskind and David Allen McAllester},
  title = {Nondeterministic Lisp as a Substrate for Constraint Logic
  	Programming},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@article{ sistla-clarke:1985a,
  author = {A.P. Sistla and E.M. Clarke},
  title = {The Complexity of Propositional Linear Temporal Logics},
  journal = {Journal of the {ACM}},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  pages = {733--749},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {temporal-logic;algorithmic-complexity;}  
  } 

@book{ skagesgestad:1981a,
  author = {Peter Skagesgestad},
  title = {The Road of Inquiry: {P}eirce's Pragmatic Realism},
  publisher = {Columbia University Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {Peirce;}  
 } 

@incollection{ skinner-luger:1992a,
  author = {James M. Skinner and George F. Luger},
  title = {An Architecture for Integrating Reasoning Paradigms},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {753--761},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;hybrid-kr-architectures;}  
  } 

@book{ sklar:1995a,
  author = {Lawrence Sklar},
  title = {Physics and Chance: Philosophical Issues in the
  	Foundations of Statistical Mechanics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@article{ sklar:2001a,
  author = {Lawrence Sklar},
  title = {Review of {\it Explaining Chaos}, by {P}eter {S}mith},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {2},
  pages = {289--290},
  xref = {Review of: smith_p:1998a},
  topic = {chaos-theory;philosophy-of-physics;}  
  } 

@article{ skuce:1993a,
  author = {Douglas Skuce},
  title = {Review of {\it Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems:
  	Representation and Inference in the {CYC} Project}, by
	{D}.{B}. {L}enat and {R}.{V}. {G}uha},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {61},
  number = {1},
  pages = {81--94},
  xref = {Review of lenat-guha:1989a.},
  topic = {kr;large-kr-systems;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ skura:1996a,
  author = {Tomasz Skura},
  title = {A Lukasiewicz-Style Refutation System for the Modal Logic
  	{S4}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {24},
  number = {6},
  pages = {573--582},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ skvortsov:1995a,
  author = {Dimitrij Skvortsov},
  title = {On the Predicate Logic of Finite Kripke Frames},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {54},
  number = {1},
  pages = {79--88},
  topic = {arithmetic-hierarchy;}  
  } 

@article{ skvortsov:1997a,
  author = {Dmitrij Skvortsov},
  title = {Not Every `Tabular' Predicate Logic is Finitely
		Axiomatizable},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {3},
  pages = {387--396},
  topic = {finitely-axiomatizable-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ skvortsov:1998a,
  author = {David Skvortsov},
  title = {On Some {K}ripke Complete and {K}ripke Incomplete
  	Intermediate Predicate Logics},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {281--292},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@book{ skyrms:1966a,
  author = {Brian Skyrms},
  title = {Choice and Chance; An Introduction to Inductive Logic},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1966},
  address = {Belmont, California},
  topic = {statistical-inference;induction;}  
 } 

@book{ skyrms:1980a,
  author = {Brian Skyrms},
  title = {Causal Necessity: A Pragmatic Investigation of the Necessity
      of Laws},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {New Haven},
  contentnote = {According to McGee this contains a suggestion about
  	nonstandard probabilities and Popper probabilities.},
  topic = {causality;philosophy-of-science;primitive-conditional-probability;
  	nonstandard-probability;}  
 } 

@article{ skyrms:1982a,
  author = {Brian Skyrms},
  title = {Causal Decision Theory},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {74},
  number = {11},
  pages = {695--711},
  topic = {causal-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ skyrms:1984a,
  author = {Brian Skyrms},
  title = {Intensional Aspects of Self-Reference},
  booktitle = {Recent Essays on the Liar Paradox},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Robert L. Martin},
  pages = {119--131},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {self-reference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ skyrms:1984b,
  author = {Brian Skyrms},
  title = {{EPR}: Lessons for Metaphysics},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {245--255},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {metaphysics;EPR;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ skyrms:1987a,
  author = {Brian Skyrms},
  title = {Updating, Supposing and {\sc Maxent}},
  journal = {Theory and Decision},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {225--226},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {belief-revision;world-entropy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ skyrms:1988a,
  author = {Brian Skyrms},
  title = {Deliberational Dynamics and The Foundations of
             {B}ayesian Game Theory},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Vol. 2: Epistemology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {345--367},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {game-theory;deliberation-kinematics;}  
  } 

@book{ skyrms-harper:1988a,
  editor = {Brian Skyrms and William L. Harper},
  title = {Causation, Chance, and Credence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {causality;probability;statistical-inference;}  
 } 

@book{ skyrms:1990a,
  author = {Brian Skyrms},
  title = {The Dynamics of Rational Deliberation},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {probability;belief-revision;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ skyrms:1990b,
  author = {Brian Skyrms},
  title = {Dynamic Models of Deliberation and the Theory of Games},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {185--200},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {game-theory;decision-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ skyrms:1992a,
  author = {Brian Skyrms},
  title = {Three Ways to Give a Probability Function a Memory},
  booktitle = {Testing Scientific Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {John Earman},
  pages = {157--161},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}  
  } 

@article{ skyrms:1992b,
  author = {Brian Skyrms},
  title = {Chaos in Game Dynamics},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {111--130},
  topic = {game-theory;chaos-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ skyrms:1994a,
  author = {Brian Skyrms},
  title = {Adams Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational
       Decision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {13--26},
  editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {probability;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ skyrms:1998a,
  author = {Brian Skyrms},
  title = {Subjunctive Conditionals and Revealed Preference},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {65},
  number = {4},
  pages = {545--574},
  topic = {conditionals;decision-theory;foundations-of-game-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ skyrms-vandreschraaf:1998a,
  author = {Brian Skyrms and Peter Vanderschraaf},
  title = {Game Theory},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 1:  Quantified Representation
		of Uncertainty and Imprecision},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets},
  pages = {391--439},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {game-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ slade:1995a,
  author = {Stephen Slade},
  title = {A Realistic Model of Rationality},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Michael Fehling},
  pages = {126--130},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@article{ slaney:1989a,
  author = {John Slaney},
  title = {Solution to a Problem of {O}no and {K}omori},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {103--111},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ slaney-thiebaux:2001a,
  author = {John Slaney and Sylvie Thi\'ebaux},
  title = {Blocks World Revisited},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {125},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {119--153},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;experimental-testing-of-kr-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ slater_bh:1995a,
  author = {B.H. Slater},
  title = {Paraconsistent Logics?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {451--454},
  topic = {paraconsistency;}  
  } 

@article{ slater_bh:2000a,
  author = {B.H. Slater},
  title = {Quantifier/Variable-Binding},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {309--321},
  topic = {anaphora;donkey-anaphora;}  
  } 

@incollection{ slator_ba-wilks:1981a,
  author = {Brian A. Slator and Yorick Wilks},
  title = {{PREMO}: Parsing by
     		Conspicuous Lexical Consumption},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  pages = {85--102},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;semantics-in-parsing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ slator_bn:1992a,
  author = {Brian N. Slator},
  title = {Sense and Preference},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {391--402},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;computational-lexical-semantics;
  	word-sense;lexical-disambiguation;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ sleeman-smith:1981a,
  author = {D.H. Sleeman and M.J. Smith},
  title = {Modelling Student's Problem Solving},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {16},
  number = {2},
  pages = {171--188},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The task of modelling a student's problem solving is
     intrinsically one of induction.  In this paper, a further
     instance of induction formulated as a search is reported.  A
     formulation of this search problem which `contains' the
     Combinatorics is discussed at some length; and several
     heuristics which further reduce the size of the space defined by
     the domain's rules and mal-rules are presented.
      The Production Rule representation of (some) arithmetic
     operators is given, and the behaviour of generated models with
     examples is included.  The paper concludes with a review of the
     basic assumptions made by the Modelling System, LMS, and
     suggestions for some extensions.  } ,
  topic = {problem-solving;cognitive-modeling;}  
  } 

@book{ sleeman-brown_jh:1982a,
  editor = {Derek H. Sleeman and John Seely Brown},
  title = {Intelligent Tutoring Systems},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1982},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0126486808},
  topic = {intelligent-tutoring;}  
 } 

@incollection{ slobin:1971a,
  author = {Dan I. Slobin},
  title = {Developmental Psycholinguistics},
  booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science},
  publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of
		Maryland.},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {William Orr Dingwall},
  pages = {297--410},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;L1-language-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ slocum:1978a,
  author = {Jonathan Slocum},
  title = {Generating a Verbal Response},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {375--381},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nl-generation;computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@article{ sloman:1971a,
  author = {Aaron Sloman},
  title = {Interactions between Philosophy and Artificial
  	Intelligence: The Role of Intuition and Non-Logical Reasoning in
	Intelligence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {209--225},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;foundations-of-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sloman-croucher:1981a,
  author = {Aaron Sloman and M. Croucher},
  title = {Why Robots Will Have Emotions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;synthesized-emotions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sloman:1984a,
  author = {Aaron Sloman},
  title = {The Structure of the Space of Possible Minds},
  booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects
  	of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Steve B. Torrance},
  pages = {35--42},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {philosophy-and-AI;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sloman:1985a,
  author = {Aaron Sloman},
  title = {What Enables a Machine to Understand?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings 9th International Joint Conference on AI},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {995--1001},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sloman:1985b,
  author = {Aaron Sloman},
  title = {Why We Need Many Knowledge Representations},
  booktitle = {Research and Development in Expert Systems},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Max Bramer},
  pages = {163--183},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ sloman:1989a,
  author = {Aaron Sloman},
  title = {On Designing a Visual System (Towards a Gibsonian Computational
 	Model of Vision)},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental and Theoretical AI},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {289--337},
  topic = {computer-vision;philosophy-AI;}  
 } 

@article{ sloman:1992a,
  author = {Aaron Sloman},
  title = {The Emperor's Real Mind: Review of {R}oger {P}enrose's
  	`The Emperor's New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds and the
	Laws of Physics'},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {56},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {356--396},
  xref = {Review of penrose:1989a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;goedels-first-theorem;
  	goedels-second-theorem;philosophy-of-computation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sloman:1994a,
  author = {Aaron Sloman},
  title = {Explorations in Design Space},
  booktitle = {Proceedings 11th European Conference on {AI}},
  year = {1994},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ sloman:1994b,
  author = {Aaron Sloman},
  title = {Semantics in an Intelligent Control System},
  journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A:
  	Physical Sciences and Engineering},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {349},
  number = {1689},
  pages = {3--57},
  note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;foundations-of-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sloman:1995a,
  author = {Aaron Sloman},
  title = {Exploring Design Space and Niche Space},
  booktitle = {In Proceedings 5th Scandinavian Conference on AI},
  year = {1995},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sloman:1995b,
  author = {Aaron Sloman},
  title = {A Philosophical Encounter},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {2037--2000},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sloman:1995c,
  author = {Aaron Sloman},
  title = {Introduction (To Part {I}: Foundations},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {3--6},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sloman:1995d,
  author = {Aaron Sloman},
  title = {Musings on the Roles of Logical and Non-Logical
  	Representations in Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {7--32},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Reublication: funt:1980a2.},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sloman:1996a,
  author = {Aaron Sloman},
  title = {Actual Possibilities},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {627--638},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-modal-logic;causality;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ slote:1978a,
  author = {Michael Slote},
  title = {Time in Counterfactuals},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--27},
  title = {Causality and the Concept of a `Thing'\,},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}:
  	Studies in Metaphysics},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {387--400},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;individuation;philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@article{ slote:1980a,
  author = {Michael A. Slote},
  title = {Understanding Free Will},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {77},
  number = {3},
  pages = {136--151},
  topic = {freedom;}  
  } 

@book{ slote:1989a,
  author = {Michael Slote},
  title = {Beyond Optimizing: {A} Study of Rational Choice},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  year = {1989},
  topic = {rationality;practical-reasoning;decision-making;}  
    } 

@incollection{ smaby:1978a,
  author = {Richard M. Smaby},
  title = {Ambiguous Coreference with Quantifiers},
  booktitle = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt},
  pages = {37--75},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ smadja-mckeown:1991a,
  author = {Frank Smadja and Kathleen McKeown},
  title = {Using Collocations for Language Generation},
  pages = {229--239},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {collocations;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@book{ small-etal:1988a,
  editor = {Steven L. Small and Garrison W. Cottrell and Michael K.
  	Tannenhaus},
  title = {Lexical Ambiguity Resolution: Perspectives from
  	Psycholinguistics, Neuropsychology, and Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1988},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;}  
 } 

@book{ smart:1961a,
  author = {J. J. C. Smart},
  title = {An Outline of a System of Utilitarian Ethics},
  publisher = {Melbourne University Press},
  year = {1961},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
    } 

@book{ smart:1963a,
  author = {J.C.C. Smart},
  title = {Philosophy and Scientific Realism},
  publisher = {Humanities Press},
  year = {1963},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {philosophocal-realism;}  
 } 

@article{ smart:1974a,
  author = {J.C.C. Smart},
  title = {Review of {\it Counterfactuals}, by David K. Lewis},
  journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {52},
  number = {2},
  pages = {174--177},
  xref = {Review of lewis_dk:1973a.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ smedslund:1997a,
  author = {Jan Smedslund},
  title = {The Structure of Psychological Common Sense},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ smessaert:1996a,
  author = {Hans Smessaert},
  title = {Monotonicity Properties of Comparative Determiners},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {295--336},
  topic = {comparative-constructions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ smets-etal:1991a,
  author = {Philippe Smets and Y.-T. Hsia and A. Saffiotti and R. Kennes and
  	H. Xu and E. Umkehrer},
  title = {The Transferable Belief Model},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {91--96},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;probability;}  
  } 

@article{ smets-kennes:1994a,
  author = {Philippe Smets and Robert Kennes},
  title = {The Transferable Belief Model},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {66},
  number = {2},
  pages = {191--234},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We describe the transferable belief model, a model for
     representing quantified beliefs based on belief functions.
     Beliefs can be held at two levels: (1) a credal level where
     beliefs are entertained and quantified by belief functions, (2)
     a pignistic level where beliefs can be used to make decisions
     and are quantified by probability functions.  The relation
     between the belief function and the probability function when
     decisions must be made is derived and justified.  Four paradigms
     are analyzed in order to compare Bayesian, upper and lower
     probability, and the transferable belief approaches.
  } ,
  topic = {probability;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ smets:1997a,
  author = {Philippe Smets},
  title = {The Normative Representation of Quantified Beliefs by
  	Belief Functions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {92},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {229--242},
  topic = {agent-attitudes;qualitative-probability;probability;belief;}  
  } 

@incollection{ smets:1998a,
  author = {Philippe Smets},
  title = {Numerical Representation of Uncertainty},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 3:  Belief Change},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade},
  pages = {265--309},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ smets:1998b,
  author = {Philippe Smets},
  title = {The Transferrable Belief Model for
              Quantified Belief Representation},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 1:  Quantified Representation
		Uncertainty and Imprecision},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Philippe Smets},
  pages = {267--301},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;statistical-inference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ smets:1998c,
  author = {Philippe Smets},
  title = {Probability, Possibility, Belief:  Which
    		and Where},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems, Volume 1:  Quantified Representation
		of Uncertainty and Impression},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Philippe Smets},
  pages = {1--24},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@book{ smets:1998d,
  editor = {Philippe Smets},
  title = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty
		Management Systems:  Quantified Representation
		of Uncertainty and Imprecision},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {1},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentsnote = {TC:
    1. Philippe Smets, "Probability, Possibility, Belief:  Which
    		and Where", pp. 1--24
    2. Giovanni Panti, "Multi-Valued Logics", pp. 25--74
    3. Vil\'em Nov\'ak, "Fuzzy Logic", pp. 75--109
    4. Colin Howson, "The {B}ayesian Approach", pp. 111--134
    5. Donald Gillies, "Confirmation Theory", pp. 135--167
    6. Didier Dubois and Henri Prade, "Possibility Theory:
              Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects", pp. 169--226
    7. Henry E. Kyburg, Jr., "Families of Probabilities", pp. 227--245
    8. Nils-Eric Sahlin and Wlodek Rabinowicz, "The Evidentiary Value
              Model", pp. 247--265
    9. Philippe Smets, "The Transferrable Belief Model for
              Quantified Belief Representation", pp. 267--301
   10. Salem Benferhat, "Infinitesimal Theories of Uncertainty for Plausible
		Reasoning", pp. 303--356
   11. Anthony W.F. Edwards, "Statistical Inference", pp. 357--366
   12. Judea Pearl, "Graphical Models for Probabilistic and Causal
                Reasoning", pp. 367--389
   13. Brian Skyrms and Peter Vanderschraaf, "Game Theory", pp.
                391--439
   14. Gerd Gigerenzer, "Psychological Challenges for Normative
                Models", pp. 441--467},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
 } 

@article{ smiley:1960a,
  author = {Timothy J. Smiley},
  title = {Sense without Denotation?},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {124--134},
  topic = {logic-of-sense-and-denotation;}  
  } 

@article{ smiley:1973a,
  author = {Timothy J. Smiley},
  title = {What is a Syllogism?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {136--154},
  topic = {syllogistic;}  
  } 

@book{ smiley:1998a,
  editor = {Timothy Smiley},
  title = {Philosophical Logic},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0197261825},
  xref = {Review: mares:2001a.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ smirnov_va:1994a,
  author = {V.A. Smirnov},
  title = {The World of Modal Operators by Means of
      		Tense Operators},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {50--69},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ smirnov_yv-veloso:1996a,
  author = {Yury V. Smirnov and Manuela M. Veloso},
  title = {Representation Changes in Combinatorial Problems:
  	Pigeonhole Principle Versus Integer Programming Relaxation},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {124--134},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {planning;search;relaxation-methods;}  
  } 

@article{ smith_b:1984a,
  author = {Barry Smith},
  title = {Ten Conditions on a Theory of Speech Acts},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {311--330},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ smith_b:1995a,
  author = {Barry Smith},
  title = {Frege and {C}homsky: Sense and Psychologism},
  booktitle = {Frege, Sense and Reference One Hundred Years Later},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {John I. Biro and Petr Kotatko},
  pages = {25--46},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {Frege;foundations-of-semantics;nl-semantics-and-cognition;
  	philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ smith_b-varzi:1999a,
  author = {Barry Smith and Achille C. Varzi},
  title = {The Formal Structure of Ecological Contexts},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {339--351},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ smith_bc:1982a,
  author = {Brian C. Smith},
  title = {Reflection and Semantics in a Procedural Language},
  school = {Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,
		Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
  year = {1982},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {self-reference;programming-languages;}  
 } 

@techreport{ smith_bc:1984a1,
  author = {Brian C. Smith},
  title = {Reflection and Semantics in {LISP}},
  institution = {Xerox Palto Alto Research Center},
  number = {P84-00030},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Palo Alto},
  xref = {Republication: smith_bc:1984a2.},
  topic = {self-reference;programming-languages;}  
  } 

@techreport{ smith_bc:1984a2,
  author = {Brian C. Smith},
  title = {Reflection and Semantics in {LISP}},
  institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  number = {CSLI-84-8},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Palo Alto},
  xref = {Republication of: smith_bc:1984a1.},
  topic = {self-reference;programming-languages;}  
  } 

@techreport{ smith_bc-desrivieres:1984a,
  author = {Brian C. Smith and Jim des Rivieres},
  title = {Interim 3-{LISP} Reference Manual},
  institution = {Xerox Palto Alto Research Center},
  number = {P8400004},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Palo Alto},
  topic = {self-reference;programming-languages;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ smith_bc:1985a,
  author = {Brian C. Smith},
  title = {Is Computation Formal?},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Xerox Palto Alto Research Center},
  topic = {philosophy-of-computation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ smith_bc:1985b,
  author = {Brian C. Smith},
  title = {The Limits of Correctness},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Xerox Palto Alto Research Center},
  topic = {program-verification;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ smith_bc:1986a,
  author = {Brian C. Smith},
  title = {Varieties of Self-Reference},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {19--43},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;self-reference;}  
  } 

@article{ smith_bc:1987a,
  author = {Brian C. Smith},
  title = {Two Lessons of Logic},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {214--218},
  xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ smith_bc:1991a,
  author = {Brian C. Smith},
  title = {The Owl and the Electric Encyclopedia},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {47},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {251--258},
  contentnote = {An attempt to criticize superficial programs for AI.},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;kr;krcourse;}  
  } 

@article{ smith_bc:1992a,
  author = {Barry C. Smith},
  title = {Understanding Language},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {92},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {109--141},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ smith_bc:1996a,
  author = {Brian Cantwell Smith},
  title = {On the Origin of Objects},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: loui:1998a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-computation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ smith_bm:1988a,
  author = {Barbara M. Smith},
  title = {Forward Checking, the {ATMS} and Search
		Reduction},
  booktitle = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Barbara Smith and Gerald Kelleher},
  pages = {155--168},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;search;}  
  } 

@book{ smith_bm-kelleher:1988a,
  editor = {Barbara M. Smith and Gerald Kelleher},
  title = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Chichester},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Gerald Kelleher and Barbara M. Smith, "A Brief Introduction
		to Reason Maintenance Systems"
  	2. Murray Shanahan, "Incrementality and Logic Programming"
  	3. Han Reichgelt, "The Place of Defaults in a Reasoning
		System"
  	4. Michael Hopkins and Michael Clarke, "Nonmonotonic and
		Counterfactual Reasoning: Some Experiments with
		a Practical System"
  	5. Nikos Drakos, "Reason Maintenance in Horn-Clause
		Logic Programs"
  	6. Gregory M. Provan, "A Complexity Analysis of
		Assumption-Based Truth Maintenance Systems"
  	7. Rob Bodington and Peter Elleby, "Justification and
		Assumption-Based Truth Maintenance Systems: When and
		How to Use Them for Constraint Satisfaction"
  	8. John Jones and Mark Millington, "Modeling {U}nix Users
		with an Assumption-Based Truth Maintenance System:
		Some Preliminary Results"
  	9. Barbara M. Smith, "Forward Checking, the {ATMS} and Search
		Reduction"
  } ,
  topic = {truth-maintenance;}  
 } 

@article{ smith_bm-dyer:1996a,
  author = {Barbara M. Smith and Martin E. Dyer},
  title = {Locating the Phase Transition in Binary Constraint
		Satisfaction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {81},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {155--181},
  topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;
  	computational-phase-transitions;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ smith_c:1987a,
  author = {Carlotta Smith},
  title = {A Valediction for Sentence Topic},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University
  	of Texas at Austin},
  topic = {s-topic;} 
  } 

@article{ smith_cl:1986a,
  author = {Carolena L. Smith},
  title = {Attitudinal Study of Graphic Computer-Based
		  Instruction for Punctuation},
  journal = {Journal of Technical Writing and Communication},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {267--272},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
 } 

@article{ smith_cs:1977a,
  author = {Carlota S. Smith},
  title = {The Syntax and Interpretation of Temporal Expressions in
  	{E}nglish},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {43--99},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@book{ smith_cs:1982a,
  author = {Carlota S. Smith},
  title = {A Theory of Auxiliary {\em have} in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {perfective-aspect;}  
 } 

@article{ smith_cs-wall:1983a,
  author = {Carlota S. Smith and Robert Wall},
  title = {Introduction},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  note = {Introduction to a special issue on varieties of logical
  	form.},
  pages = {291--294},
  topic = {logical-form;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ smith_cs:1986a,
  author = {Carlota S. Smith},
  title = {A Speaker-Based Approach to Aspect},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--115},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@book{ smith_cs:1991a,
  author = {Carlotta S. Smith},
  title = {The Parameter of Aspect},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792311361},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
 } 

@article{ smith_cs:1999a,
  author = {Carlotta S. Smith},
  title = {Activities: States or Events?},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {5},
  pages = {479--508},
  topic = {Actionsarten;eventualities;}  
  } 

@article{ smith_de-genesereth:1985a,
  author = {David E. Smith and Michael R. Genesereth},
  title = {Ordering Conjunctive Queries},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {171--215},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Conjunctive problems are pervasive in artificial intelligence
     and database applications.  In general, such problems cannot be
     solved without carefully ordering the set of conjuncts for the
     problem-solving system.  In this paper, the problem of
     determining the best ordering for a set of conjuncts is
     addressed.  We first show how simple information about set sizes
     can be used to estimate the cost of solving a conjunctive
     problem.  Assuming the availability of this information, methods
     for ordering conjuncts are developed, based on several theorems
     and corollaries about ordering.  We also consider two well-known
     heuristic ordering rules and discuss their advantages and
     disadvantages.  Finally, the overall efficiency of including
     conjunct ordering in a problem solver is considered.  To help
     reduce the overhead we present an approach of monitoring
     problem-solving cost at run-time.  In this way conjunct ordering
     is limited to difficult problems where the cost of ordering is
     less significant.  We also consider several issues involved in
     extending conjunct ordering to problems involving inference and
     planning problems.  } ,
  topic = {theorem-proving;problem-solving;}  
  } 

@article{ smith_de-etal:1986a,
  author = {David E. Smith and Michael R. Genesereth and Matthew L.
  	Ginsberg},
  title = {Controlling Recursive Inference},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {343--389},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Loosely speaking, recursive inference occurs when an inference
     procedure generates an infinite sequence of similar subgoals.  In
     general, the control of recursive inference involves
     demonstrating that recursive portions of a search space will not
     contribute any new answers to the problem beyond a certain
     level.  We first review a well-known syntactic method for
     controlling repeating inference (inference where the conjuncts
     processed are instances of their ancestors), provide a proof
     that it is correct, and discuss the conditions under which the
     strategy is optimal.  We also derive more powerful pruning
     theorems for cases involving transitivity axioms and cases
     involving subsumed subgoals.  The treatment of repeating
     inference is followed by consideration of the more difficult
     problem of recursive inference that does not repeat.  Here we
     show how knowledge of the properties of the relations involved
     and knowledge about the contents of the system's database can be
     used to prove that portions of a search space will not
     contribute any new answers.  } ,
  topic = {search;declarative-search-control;}  
  } 

@article{ smith_de:1989a,
  author = {David E. Smith},
  title = {Controlling Backward Inference},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {39},
  number = {2},
  pages = {145--208},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Effective control of inference is a critical problem in
     artificial intelligence.  Expert systems make use of powerful
     domain-dependent control information to beat the combinatorics
     of inference.  However, it is not always feasible or convenient
     to provide all of the domain-dependent control that may be
     needed, especially for systems that must handle a wide variety
     of inference problems, or must function in a changing
     environment.  In this paper, a domain-independent means of
     controlling inference is developed.  The basic approach is to
     compute expected cost and probability of success for different
     backward inference strategies.  This information is used to
     select between inference steps, and to compute the best order
     for processing conjunctions.  The necessary expected cost and
     probability calculations rely on simple information about the
     contents of the problem solver's database, such as the number of
     facts of a given form, and the domain sizes for the predicates
     and relations involved.  } ,
  topic = {search;declarative-search-control;}  
  } 

@article{ smith_dr:1985a,
  author = {Douglas R. Smith},
  title = {Top-Down Synthesis of Divide-and-Conquer Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {43--96},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A top-down method is presented for the derivation of algorithms
     from a formal specification of a problem.  This method has been
     implemented in a system called CYPRESS.  The synthesis process
     involves the top-down decomposition of the initial specification
     into a hierarchy of specifications for subproblems.  Synthesizing
     programs for each of these subproblems results in the
     composition of a hierarchically structured program.  The initial
     specification is allowed to be partial in that some or all of
     the input conditions may be missing.  CYPRESS completes the
     specification and produces a totally correct applicative
     program.  Much of CYPRESS' knowledge comes in the form of
     `design strategies' for various classes of algorithms.  The
     structure of a class of divide-and-conquer algorithms is
     explored and provides the basis for several design strategies.
     Detailed derivations of mergesort and quicksort algorithms are
     presented.  } ,
  topic = {automatic-programming;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ smith_dw:1979a,
  author = {David Woodruff Smith},
  title = {The Case of the Exploding Perception},
  year = {1979},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of California
		at Irvine},
  topic = {logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@incollection{ smith_ee:1989a,
  author = {Edward E. Smith},
  title = {Concepts and Induction},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {13},
  pages = {501--526},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {common-sense;induction;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ smith_gw:1991a,
  author = {George W. Smith},
  title = {Computers and Human Language},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nlp-intro;nlp-survey;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ smith_ia-cohen_pr:1996a,
  author =  {Ira A. Smith and Philip R. Cohen},
  title = {Toward a Semantics for an Agent Communication Language
  	Based on Speech Acts},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {24--31},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address =  {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {speech-acts;discourse;communication-protocols;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ smith_jb:1994a,
  author = {John B. Smith},
  title = {Collective Intelligence in Computer-Based Collaboration},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0805813195},
  topic = {HCI;collaboration;}  
 } 

@article{ smith_jm:2000a,
  author = {John Maynard Smith},
  title = {The Concept of Information in Biology},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {67},
  number = {2},
  pages = {177--194},
  topic = {philosophy-of-biology;foundations-of-genetics;
  	evolution;information;}  
  } 

@article{ smith_jq-papamichail:1999a,
  author = {J.Q. Smith and K.N. Papamichail},
  title = {Fast {B}ayes and the Dynamic Junction Forest},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {107},
  number = {1},
  pages = {99--124},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st names},
  topic = {influence-diagrams;probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@incollection{ smith_n:1997a,
  author = {Nicholas Smith},
  title = {Improving a Tagger},
  booktitle = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  pages = {137--150},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;corpus-tagging;}  
  } 

@book{ smith_nv:1982a,
  editor = {N.V. Smith},
  title = {Mutual Knowledge},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1982},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  contentnote = {TC:
	1. H.H. Clark and T.B. Carlson, "Speech Acts and
		Hearer's Beliefs"
	2. Dan Sperber and D. Wilson, "Mutual Knowledge and
		Relevance in Theories of Comprehension"
	3. M. Brody, "On Circular Readings"
	4. A. Joshi, "Mutual Beliefs in Question-Answer Systems"
	5. H.P. Grice, "Meaning Revisited"
	},
  topic = {discourse;coordination-in-conversation;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ smith_p:1998a,
  author = {Peter Smith},
  title = {Explaining Chaos},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: sklar:2001a.},
  topic = {chaos-theory;philosophy-of-physics;}  
 } 

@book{ smith_pd:1990a,
  author = {Peter D. Smith},
  title = {An Introduction to Text Processing},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-19299-3},
  topic = {nl-processing;nlp-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ smith_rg-farquhar:2000a,
  author = {Reid G. Smith and Adam Farquhar},
  title = {The Road Ahead for Knowledge Management: An {AI} 
  		Perspective},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {17--40},
  topic = {knowledge-management;}  
  } 

@book{ smith_rw-hipp:1994a,
  author = {Ronnie W. Smith and D. Richard Hipp},
  title = {Spoken Natural Language Dialog Systems: A Practical Approach},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {ISBN 0-19-509187-6},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ smith_rw:1997a,
  author = {Ronnie W. Smith},
  title = {Performance Measures for the Next
	Generation of Spoken Natural Language Dialog Systems},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {37--40},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;nlp-evaluation;nl-generation';}  
  } 

@article{ smith_rw-gordon:1997a,
  author = {Ronnie W. Smith and Steven A. Gordon},
  title = {Effects of Variable Initiative on Linguistic Behavior
  	in Human-Computer Spoken Natural Language Dialogue},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {141--168},
  topic = {discourse-initiative;corpus-linguistics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ smith_sjj-etal:1998a,
  author = {Stephen J.J. Smith and Dana Nau and Tom Throop},
  title = {Computer Bridge:  A Big Win for {AI} Planning},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {93--106},
  topic = {hierarchical-planning;game-playing;}  
  } 

@book{ smith_sm-etal:1995a,
  editor = {Steven M. Smith and Thomas B. Ward and Ronald A. Finke},
  title = {The Creative Cognition Approach},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {026219354X},
  topic = {creativity;cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ smith_tc:1998a,
  author = {Tony C. Smith},
  title = {Learning Feature-Value Grammars from Plain Text},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {291--294},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {grammar-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ smolensky:1987a,
  author = {Paul Smolensky},
  title = {The constituent Structure of Connectionist Mental States:
  	A Reply to {F}odor and {P}ylyshyn},
  journal = {Southern Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {137--159},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {connectionism;foundations-of-AI;
  	foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
  } 

@article{ smolensky:1988a,
  author = {Paul Smolensky},
  title = {On the Proper Treatment of Connectionism},
  journal = {Behavior and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {1--23},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {connectionism;foundations-of-AI;sub-symbolic-representations;
  	foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
  } 

@article{ smolensky:1990a,
  author = {Paul Smolensky},
  title = {Tensor Product Variable Binding and the Representation of
  	Symbolic Structures in Connectionist Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {46},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {159--216},
  topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;}  
  } 

@article{ smoliar:1987a,
  author = {Stephen W. Smoliar},
  title = {Review of {\it Conceptual Structures: Information
  	Processing in Mind and Machine}, by {J}ohn {F}. {S}owa},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {33},
  number = {3},
  pages = {259--266},
  xref = {Review of sowa:1984a.},
  topic = {kr;cognitive-semantics;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ smoliar:1988a,
  author = {Stephen W.  Smoliar},
  title = {Review of {\it The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem in
  	Artificial Intelligence}, edited by {Z}enon {W}. {P}ylyshyn},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {36},
  number = {1},
  pages = {131--137},
  xref = {Review of pylyshyn:1996a.},
  topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ smoliar:1989a,
  author = {Stephen W. Smoliar},
  title = {Review of {\it Logical Foundations of Artificial
  	Intelligence}, by {M}ichael {R}. {G}enesereth and {N}ils {J}.
	{N}ilsson},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {119--124},
  xref = {Review of: genesereth-nilsson_nj:1987a.},
  topic = {kr;AI-intro;AI-and-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ smoliar:1991a,
  author = {Stephen W. Smoliar},
  title = {Review of {\it How to Build a Person: A Prolegomenon}, by
  	John L. Pollock},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {48},
  number = {2},
  pages = {253--256},
  xref = {Review of pollock_jl:1989a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;foundations-of-cognitive-science;
  	philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ smoliar:1995a,
  author = {Stephen W. Smoliar},
  title = {Review of {\it Artificial Life}, edited by {C}hristopher {G}.
  	{L}angton, {C}harles {T}aylor, {J}. {D}oyne {F}armer and
	{S}teen {R}asmussen and of {\it Artificial Life {II}}, edited
	by {C}hristopher {G}. {L}angton},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {73},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {371--377},
  topic = {artificial-life;}  
  } 

@article{ smoliar:1996a,
  author = {Stephen W. Smoliar},
  title = {Review of {\it Music, Mind and Machine: Studies in
  	Computer Music, Music Cognition and Artificial Intelligence},
	by {P}eter {D}esain and {H}enkjan {H}oning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {79},
  number = {2},
  pages = {361--371},
  xref = {Review of desain-honing:1992a.},
  topic = {AI-and-music;}  
  } 

@techreport{ smorynski:1975a,
  author = {Craig Smorynski},
  title = {Consistency and Related Metamathematical Properties},
  institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Amsterdam},
  number = {75--02},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {consistency-proofs;goedels-second-theorem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ smorynski:1975b,
  author = {Craig Smorynski},
  title = {The Incompleteness Theorems},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Mathematical Logic},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise},
  pages = {821--865},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;}  
  } 

@article{ smorynski:1981a,
  author = {Craig Smorynski},
  title = {Fifty Years of Self-Reference},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {22},
  number = {4},
  pages = {357--374},
  topic = {self-reference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ smorynski:1984a,
  author = {Craig Smorynski},
  title = {Modal Logic and Self-Reference},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}:
  	Extensions of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {441--495},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {goedels-second-theorem;semantic-reflection;provability-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ smorynski:1985a,
  author = {Craig Smorynski},
  title = {Self-Reference and Modal Logic},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {semantic-reflection;provability-logic;}  
 } 

@techreport{ smorynski:1988a,
  author = {Craig Smorynski},
  title = {Hilbert's Programme},
  institution = {Department of Mathematics,
		University of Utrecht},
  number = {522},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Utrecht},
  topic = {Hilbert's-program;goedels-first-theorem;
		goedels-second-theorem;}  
  } 

@article{ smorynski:1991a,
  author = {Craig Smorynski},
  title = {Review of {\em Intensional Mathematics}, by
  	{S}tewart {S}hapiro},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {56},
  pages = {1496--1499},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Review of: shapiro_s1:1985a.},
  topic = {epistemic-arithmetic;}  
  } 

@article{ smullyan_a:1977a,
  author = {Arthur Smullyan},
  title = {Absolute and Restricted Concepts},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {83--91},
  topic = {property-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ smyth-cotter:2001a,
  author = {Barry Smyth and Paul Cotter},
  title = {Personalized Electronic Program Guides for Digital {TV}},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {89--},
  topic = {user-modeling;preference-elicitation;}  
  } 

@article{ smyth_b-keane:1998a,
  author = {Barry Smyth and Mark T. Keane},
  title = {Adaption-Guided Retrieval: Questioning the
  	Similarity Assumption in Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {102},
  number = {2},
  pages = {249--293},
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;foundations-of-induction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ snow:1991a,
  author = {Paul Snow},
  title = {Restraining the Proliferation of Worlds in Probabilistic
  	Logic Entailments},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {318--322},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ snow:1998a,
  author = {Paul Snow},
  title = {The Vulnerability of the Transferanle Belief Model to
  	{D}utch Books},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {345--354},
  topic = {Dempster-Shafer-theory;Dutch-book-argument;}  
  } 

@article{ snow:1999a,
  author = {Paul Snow},
  title = {Diverse Confidence Levels in a Probabilistic
  	Semantics for Conditional Logics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {113},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {269--279},
  topic = {conditionals;probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ soames:1974a,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {Rule Orderings, Obligatory transformations, and
  	Derivational Constraints},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1/2},
  pages = {116--138},
  topic = {nl-syntax;rule-ordering;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ soames:1974b,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {On the Nature of Grammars and Linguistic Theories},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, MIT.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} 
  } 

@article{ soames:1979a,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {A Projection Problem for Speaker Presuppositions},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {623--666},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ soames:1982a,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {How Presuppositions Are Inherited: A Solution to the
  	Projection Problem},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {483--545},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ soames:1984a,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {Linguistics and Psychology},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {155--179},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ soames:1984b,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {What Is a Theory of Truth?},
  journal = {Journbal of Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {81},
  pages = {411--429},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {truth;}  
 } 

@incollection{ soames:1984c,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {Semantics and Psychology},
  booktitle = {The Philosophy of Linguistics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Jerrold J. Katz},
  pages = {204--226},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {psychological-reality;philosophy-of-linguistics;
  	foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ soames:1985a,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {Lost Innocence},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {59--71},
  contentnote = {Critique of situation semantic representation of
  	propositions.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ soames:1987a1,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {Direct Reference, Propositional Attitudes, and Semantic
  	Content},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--87},
  xref = {Republications: in salmon-soames:1988a, soames:1987a2.},
  topic = {reference;foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ soames:1987a2,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {Direct Reference, Propositional Attitudes,
    		and Semantic Content},
  booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Peter Ludlow},
  pages = {921--962},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of: soames:1987a1.},
  topic = {reference;foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ soames:1987b,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {Substitutivity},
  booktitle = {On Being and Saying: Essays for Richard Cartwright},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {James J. Thomson},
  pages = {99--132},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ soames:1988a,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {Direct Reference, Propositional Attitudes, and Semantic Content},
  booktitle = {Propositions and Attitudes},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Nathan Salmon and Scott Soames},
  pages = {197--239},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {reference;foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ soames:1989a,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {Presupposition},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume 4},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenthner},
  pages = {553--616},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ soames:1989b,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {Semantics and Semantic Competence},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {575--596},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language;
  	psychological-reality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ soames:1989c,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {Direct Reference and Propositional Attitudes},
  booktitle = {Themes from {K}aplan},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Joseph Almog and John Perry and Howard Wettstein},
  pages = {393--419},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {reference;foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ soames:1989d,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {Subject-Auxiliary Inversion and Gaps in {\it Generalized
  	Phrase Structure Grammar}},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {373--382},
  topic = {GPSG;}  
  } 

@article{ soames:1991a,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {The Necessity Argument},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {5},
  pages = {575--580},
  xref = {Commentary on katz_jj-postal:1991a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ soames:1994a,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {Attitudes and Anaphora},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {251--272},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ soames:1998a,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {The Modal Argument: Wide Scope and Rigidified Descriptions},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {32},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--22},
  contentnote = {Considers (and considers inadequate) criticisms of
	kripke:1972a.},
  topic = {reference;modality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ soames:1998b,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {Facts, Truth-Conditions, and the Skeptical Solution
  	to the Rule-Following Paradox},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {313--348},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {rule-following;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ soames:1999a,
  author = {Scott Soames},
  title = {Understanding Truth},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Commentary: robertson_t:2000a.},
  topic = {truth;philosophy-of-language;vagueness;}  
 } 

@article{ sobel_i:1974a,
  author = {Irwin Sobel},
  title = {On Calibrating Computer Controlled Cameras for Perceiving
  	{3-D} Scenes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {185--198},
  topic = {three-D-imaging;}  
  } 

@article{ sobel_jh:1968a,
  author = {Jordan Howard Sobel},
  title = {Rule-Utilitarianism},
  journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {46},
  pages = {146--165},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
    } 

@article{ sobel_jh:1971a,
  author = {Jorden Howard Sobel},
  title = {Value, Alternatives, and Utilitarianism},
  journal = {Nous},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {373--384},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
    } 

@article{ sobel_jh:1976a,
  author = {Jordan Howard Sobel},
  title = {Utilitarianism and Past and Future Mistakes},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {195--219},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
    } 

@unpublished{ sobel_jh:1984a,
  author = {Jordan Howard Sobel},
  title = {Towards a Theory of Rational Agency Based on Probable
  	Choice},
  year = {1984},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sobel_jh:1985a,
  author = {Jordan Howard Sobel},
  title = {Not Every Prisoner's Dilemma is a {N}ewcomb Problem},
  booktitle = {Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation},
  publisher = {The University of British Columbia Press},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {263--274},
  address = {Vancouver},
  topic = {prisoner's-dilemma;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sobel_jh:1990a,
  author = {Jordan Howard Sobel},
  title = {Conditional Probabilities, Conditionalization, and {D}utch
  	Books},
  booktitle = {{PSA} 1990: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 1},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Arthur Fine and Micky Forbes and Linda Wessels},
  pages = {503--515},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  address = {East Lansing, Michigan},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sobel_jh:1992a,
  author = {Jordan Howard Sobel},
  title = {Kings and Prisoners (and Aces)},
  booktitle = {{PSA} 1992: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 1},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {David Hull and Micky Forbes and Kathleen Okruhlik},
  pages = {203--216},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  address = {East Lansing, Michigan},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@book{ sobel_jh:1994a,
  author = {Jordan Howard Sobel},
  title = {Taking Chances},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: gardner_r:2000a.},
  topic = {causal-decision-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ sobel_jh:1997a,
  author = {Jordan Howard Sobel},
  title = {Cyclical Preferences and World {B}ayesianism},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {64},
  number = {1},
  pages = {42--73},
  topic = {preferences;causal-decision-theory;foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@book{ sobel_jh:1998a,
  author = {Jordan Howard Sobel},
  title = {Puzzles of the Will},
  publisher = {University of Toronto Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Toronto},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Logical Fatalism
	2. Predicted Choices
	3. Free Will and Varieties of Determinism
        4. Newcomb Denuo, Omniscience and `Choiceless Freedom'
	5. Looking Back
   } ,
  ISBN = {0-8020-4326-7},
  topic = {(in)determinism;volition;}  
 } 

@article{ sober:1980a,
  author = {Elliot Sober},
  title = {Language and Psychological Reality:  Some Reflections
  	on {C}homsky's {\it Rules and Representations}},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {395--405},
  topic = {psychological-reality;philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ sober:1999a,
  author = {Elliot Sober},
  title = {Testability},
  journal = {Proceedings and Addresses of the {A}merican
  	{P}hilosophical {A}ssociation},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {72},
  number = {2},
  pages = {47--76},
  topic = {confirmation-theory;empiricism;philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@book{ socherambrosius-johann:1997a,
  author = {Rolf Socher-Ambrosius and Patricia Johann},
  title = {Deduction Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  xref = {Review: marx_m:1999a.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ soderland-etal:1995a,
  author = {Stephen Soderland and David Fisher and Jonathan Aseltine
  	and Wendy Lehnert},
  title = {{CRYSTAL}: Inducing a Conceptual Dictionary},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1314--1319},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {text-skimming;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ soller-etal:1999a,
  author = {Amy Soller and Alan Lesgold and Frank Linton and Brad
			Goodwin},
  title = {What Makes Peer Interaction Effective?
			Modeling Effective Communication in an Intelligent
			{CSCL}},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {116--124},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;intelligent-tutoring;}  
  } 

@incollection{ solnon-rueher:1994a,
  author = {Christine Solnon and Michel Rueher},
  title = {Propagation of Inter-Argument Dependencies in
  	`Tuple--Distributive' Type Inference Systems},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {199--214},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-program-synthesis;}  
  } 

@article{ solomon:2001a,
  author = {Robert Solomon},
  title = {Review of {\em Alchemies of the Mind: Rationality and the
  	Emotions,} by {J}on {E}lster},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {1},
  pages = {104--107},
  xref = {Review of elster:1999a.},
  topic = {emotion;rationality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ soloway-etal:1987a,
  author = {Elliot Soloway and Judy Bachant and Keith Jensen},
  title = {Assessing the Maintainability of {X}con-in-Rime:
  		Coping with the Problems of a Very Large Rule Base},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
             Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Kenneth Forbus and Howard Shrobe},
  pages = {824--829},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  address = {Cambridge, MA},
  topic = {kr;expert-systems;experimental-testing-of-kr-systems;
  	AI-system-evaluation;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ somers:1998a,
  author = {Harold Somers},
  title = {An Attempt to Use Weighted Cusums to Identify
    		Sublanguages},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {131--139},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {sublanguage-identification;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@article{ somers_h1:1999a,
  author = {Harold H. Somers},
  title = {Aligning Phonetic Segments for Children's Articulation
		Assessment},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {267--274},
  topic = {text-alignment;phonetic-alignment;}  
  } 

@book{ somers_hl:1991a,
  editor = {Harold L. Somers},
  title = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and
  	Discourse},
  publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1991},
  address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway},
  note = {{COSMOS} Report No. 19},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Mike Rosner, "Dialogue Games and Constraints"
  	2. Kjell Johan S{\ae}b{\o}, "Partition Semantics and Cooperative
		Response"
  	3. Harold Somers, "Example-Based {MT} and Dialogue"
  	4. Espen J. Vestre, "An Algorithm for Generating Non-Redundant
		Quantifier Scopings"
  	5. David Sedlock, "Aggregate Functions"
  	6. Hans Siggard Jensen, "Extension and Intension in Anaphora
		Resolution"
  	7. Lieve Debille, "Anaphora Resolution in {MMI2}"
  	8. David Sedlock, "Discussion of Anaphora Resolution in {MMI2}"
  	9. C.J. Rupp, "Quantifiers and Circumstances"
       10. Gregers Koch, "Preliminary Investigations of the Implementation
       		of {PTQ} by Use of Data Flow"
       11. Hans Sigurd Jensen, "Formal and Cognitive Semantics"
       12. Christine Michaux, "Discussion of Dataflow in {M}ontagovian
       		Semantics and Formal and Cognitive Semantics"
  	},
  topic = {computational-semantics;discourse;}  
 } 

@incollection{ sommers_f:1976a,
  author = {Fred Sommers},
  title = {On Predication and Logical Syntax},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {41--53},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantic-types;}  
  } 

@techreport{ sommers_hl:1991a,
  author = {Harold L. Sommers},
  title = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and
  	Discourse},
  institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oslo, Norway},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nl-semantics;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ sommerville:1989a,
  author = {Ian Sommerville},
  title = {Software Specification: A Comparison of Formal Methods},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  year = {1994},
  edition = {3},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {1567500331},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@book{ sommerville:1996a,
  author = {Ian Sommerville},
  title = {Software Engineering},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  edition = {4},
  ISBN = {0201427656 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {software-engineering-text;}  
 } 

@article{ son-baral:2001a,
  author = {Tran Cao Son and Chitta Baral},
  title = {Formalizing Sensing Actions---A Transition Function
  	Based Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {125},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {19--91},
  topic = {sensing-actions;}  
  } 

@article{ sondheimer:1978a,
  author = {Norman Sondheimer},
  title = {Reference to Spatial Properties},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {235--280},
  topic = {spatial-language;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ song_f-cohen:1991a,
  author = {Fei Song and Robin Cohen},
  title = {Tense Interpretation in the Context of Narrative},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown},
  pages = {131--136},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {narratives;al-reasoning;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@article{ song_f-cohen:1996a,
  author = {Fei Song and Robin Cohen},
  title = {A Strengthened Algorithm for Temporal Reasoning about Plans},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {331--356},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ song_ns:1998a,
  author = {Nam Sun Song},
  title = {Metaphor and Metonymy},
  booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida},
  pages = {69--104},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {relevance-theory;metaphor;metonymy;}  
  } 

@article{ soon-etal:2001a,
  author = {Wee Meng Soon and Hwee Tou Ng and Daniel Chung Yong Lim},
  title = {A Machine Learning Approach to Coreference Resolution of
  	Noun Phrases},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {4},
  pages = {521--544},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;machine-learning;} 
  } 

@book{ sorabji:1972a,
  editor = {Richard Sorabji},
  title = {Aristotle on Memory},
  publisher = {Brown University Press},
  year = {1972},
  address = {Providence},
  topic = {Aristotle;memory;}  
 } 

@book{ sorabji:1980a,
  author = {Richard Sorabji},
  title = {Necessity, Cause and Blame: Perspectives on
  	{A}ristotle's Theory},
  publisher = {Duckworth},
  year = {1980},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0715613723},
  topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;}  
 } 

@book{ sorabji:1983a,
  author = {Richard Sorabji},
  title = {Time, Creation, and the Continuum: Theories in Antiquity and
  	the Early Middle Ages},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  ISBN = {0801415934},
  topic = {ancient-physics;philosophy-of-time;ancient-philosophy;
  	ancient-physics;}  
 } 

@book{ sorabji:1988a,
  author = {Richard Sorabji},
  title = {Matter, Space, and Motion: Theories in Antiquity and Their
    Sequel},
  publisher = {Duckworth},
  year = {1988},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0716522056},
  topic = {Aristotle;ancient-physics;ancient-philosophy;}  
 } 

@book{ sorabji:1990a,
  editor = {Richard Sorabji},
  title = {Aristotle Transformed: The Ancient Commentators and Their
    Influence},
  publisher = {Duckworth},
  year = {1990},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0715622544},
  topic = {Aristotle;}  
 } 

@book{ sorabji:1993a,
  author = {Richard Sorabji},
  title = {Animal Minds and Human Morals: The Origins of the {W}estern
    Debate},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Ithaca},
  ISBN = {080142948X},
  topic = {animal-cognition;}  
 } 

@book{ sorabji:1997a,
  editor = {Richard Sorabji},
  title = {Aristotle and After},
  publisher = {Institute of Classical Studies, School of Advanced
    Study, University of London},
  year = {1997},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0900587792},
  topic = {Aristotle;}  
 } 

@incollection{ sorensen:1997a,
  author = {Roy Sorensen},
  title = {The Metaphysics of Precision and Scientific Language},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  address = {Oxford},
  missinginfo = {pages = {349--}},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ sorensen:1998a,
  author = {Roy A. Sorensen},
  title = {Yablo's Paradox and Kindred Infinite Liars},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {425},
  pages = {137--155},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;self-reference;}  
  } 

@article{ sorensen:1999a,
  author = {Roy A. Sorensen},
  title = {Seeing Intersecting Eclipses},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {1},
  pages = {25--49},
  topic = {philosophy-of-perception;}  
  } 

@article{ sorensen:1999b,
  author = {Roy A. Sorensen},
  title = {Mirror Notation: Symbol Manipulation without
  	Inscription Manipulation},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {2},
  pages = {141--164},
  contentnote = {Idea is that you compute by changing your perspective
  	rather than the symbols with which you are computing.},
  topic = {foundations-of-computation;}  
  } 

@article{ sorensen_ra:1982a,
  author = {Roy A. Sorensen},
  title = {Epistemic and Classical Validity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {459--460},
  topic = {epistemic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ sorensen_ra:1990a,
  author = {Roy A. Sorensen},
  title = {Process Vagueness},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {5},
  pages = {589--618},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ sorensen_ra:2000a,
  author = {Roy A. Sorensen},
  title = {A Vague Demonstration},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {5},
  pages = {507--522},
  topic = {vagueness;demonstratives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ soria-ferrari:1998a,
  author = {Claudia Soria and Giacomo Ferrari},
  title = {Lexical Marking of Discourse Relations---Some Experimental
  	Findings},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {43--49},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;
  	empirical-methods-in-discourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ soria-pirrelli:1999a,
  author = {Claudia Soria and Vito Pirrelli},
  title = {A Recognition-Based Meta-Scheme for Dialogue Acts
  	Annotation},
  booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging:
  	Proceedings of the Workshop},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {75--83},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-tagging;speech-acts;}  
  } 

@incollection{ soria-etal:2000a,
  author = {Claudia Soria and Roldano Cattoni and Morena Danielli},
  title = {{ADAM}: An Architecture for {XML}-Based 
		Dialogue Annotation on Multiple Levels},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  pages = {9--18},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;corpus-annotation;corpus-tagging;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sorin-demori:1998a,
  author = {Christel Sorin and Renato de Mori},
  title = {Sentence Generation},
  booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Renato de Mori},
  pages = {563--582},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
  } 

@article{ sosa:1964a,
  author = {Ernest Sosa},
  title = {On Knowledge and Context},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {83},
  number = {10},
  pages = {584--585},
  topic = {knowledge;context;} 
  } 

@article{ sosa:1967a,
  author = {Ernest Sosa},
  title = {Hypothetical Reasoning},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {64},
  number = {10},
  pages = {293--305},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ sosa:1970a,
  author = {Ernest Sosa},
  title = {Propositional Attitudes de Dictu and de Re},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {67},
  number = {21},
  pages = {883--896},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@book{ sosa:1975a,
  editor = {Ernest Sosa},
  title = {Causation and Conditionals},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Oxford},
  title = {Mind-Body Interaction and Supervenient Causation},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {271--281},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;supervenience;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@article{ sosa:1986a,
  author = {Ernest Sosa},
  title = {On Knowledge and Context},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {83},
  number = {10},
  pages = {584--590},
  topic = {knowledge;propositional-attitudes;context;} 
  } 

@incollection{ sosa:1993a,
  author = {Ernest Sosa},
  title = {Abilities, Concepts, and Externalism},
  booktitle = {Mental Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele},
  pages = {309--328},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {internalism/externalism;ability;broad/narrow-content;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sosa:1993b,
  author = {Ernest Sosa},
  title = {{D}avidson's Thinking Causes},
  booktitle = {Mental Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele},
  pages = {41--50},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;anomalous-monism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sosa:1993c,
  author = {Ernest Sosa},
  title = {Epistemology, Realism, and Truth: The First
		Philosophical Perspectives Lecture},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {1--16},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {philosophical-realism;truth;}  
  } 

@article{ sosa:2000a,
  author = {Ernest Sosa},
  title = {Review of {\it Papers in Metaphysics and
  	Epistemology}, by {D}avid {K}. {L}ewis},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {5},
  pages = {301--307},
  topic = {metaphysics;epistemplogy;}  
  } 

@book{ sosa-villanueva:2000a,
  editor = {Ernest Sosa and Enrique Villanueva},
  title = {Skepticism},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {skepticism;}  
 } 

@article{ sosa:2001a,
  author = {David Sosa},
  title = {Rigidity in the Scope of Russell's Theory},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {35},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--38},
  topic = {proper-names;definite-descriptions;Russell;}  
  } 

@book{ sosa-villanueva:2001a,
  editor = {Ernest Sosa and Enrique Villanueva},
  title = {Social, Political, and Legal Philosophy},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {social-philosophy;political-philosophy;philosophy-of-law;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ souther-etal:1989a,
  author = {Art Souther and Liane Acker and James Lester and Bruce
  	Porter},
  title = {Using View Types to Generate Explanations in Intelligent
  	Tutoring Systems},
  year = {1989},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the
  Cognitive Science Society},
  pages = {123--130},
  topic = {nl-generation;explanation;}  
} 

@book{ sowa:1984a,
  author = {John F. Sowa},
  title = {Conceptual Structures: Information Processing in Mind and
  	Machine},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Reviews: clancey:1985a, smoliar:1987a.},
  topic = {kr;cognitive-semantics;visual-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ sowa:1989a,
  author = {John F. Sowa},
  title = {Review of {\it Logical Foundations of Artificial
  	Intelligence}, by {M}ichael {R}. {G}enesereth and {N}ils {J}.
		{N}ilsson},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {125--131},
  xref = {Review of: genesereth-nilsson_nj:1987a.},
  topic = {kr;AI-intro;AI-and-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ sowa:1991a,
  editor = {John F. Sowa},
  title = {Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in
  	the Representation of Knowledge},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;}  
 } 

@incollection{ sowa:1991b,
  author = {John F. Sowa},
  title = {Towards the Expressive Power of Natural Language},
  booktitle = {Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in
  	the Representation of Knowledge},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {John F. Sowa},
  pages = {157--190},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;nl-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sowa:1992a,
  author = {John Sowa},
  title = {Conceptual Graphs as a Universal Knowledge Representation},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {75--93},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Also published in Computers and Mathematics with Applications;
  	vol. 23; 1992; 75--93},
  topic = {kr;conceptual-graphs;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sowa:1993a,
  author = {John F. Sowa},
  title = {Lexical and Conceptual Structures},
  booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky},
  pages = {223--262},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;nl-kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ sowa:1993b,
  author = {John F. Sowa},
  title = {Review of {\it Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems:
  	Representation and Inference in the {CYC} Project}, by
	{D}.{B}. {L}enat and {R}.{V}. {G}uha},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {61},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--104},
  xref = {Review of lenat-guha:1989a.},
  topic = {kr;large-kr-systems;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sowa:1995a,
  author = {John Sowa},
  title = {Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics of Contexts},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  pages = {85--96},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;conceptual-graphs;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sowa:1997a,
  author = {John F. Sowa},
  title = {Possible Worlds, Situations, Model Sets, and Contexts},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {161--172},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@article{ sowa:1998a,
  author = {John Sowa},
  title = {Review of {\it Language at Work:  Analyzing
		Communication Breakdown in the Workplace to
		Inform Systems Design}, by {K}eith {D}evlin and
		{D}uska {R}osenberg},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {649--651},
  topic = {miscommunication;}  
  } 

@book{ sowa:1999a,
  author = {John F. Sowa},
  title = {Knowledge Representation: Logical, Philosophical,
        and Computational Foundations},
  publisher = {Thomson Learning},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Stamford, Connecticut},
  xref = {Review: shapiro_sc:2001a.},
  topic = {kr-text;kr;}  
 } 

@article{ sowa:1999b,
  author = {John Sowa},
  title = {Review of {\it Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied
  	Mind and its Challenge to {W}estern Thought}, by {G}eorge
	{L}akoff and {M}ark {J}ohnson},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {25},
  number = {4},
  pages = {631--634},
  xref = {Review of: lakoff-johnson:1999a.},
  topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;embodiment;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ spaan_e:1990a,
  author = {Edith Spaan},
  title = {Nexttime is not Necessary},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {241--256},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ spaan_e:1993a,
  author = {Edith Spaan},
  title = {The Complexity of Propositional Tense Logics},
  booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  editor = {Maarten de Rijke},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {287--307},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {algorithmic-complexity;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@techreport{ spaan_m:1990a,
  author = {Martijn Spaan},
  title = {Parallel Quantification},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--93--01},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {branching-quantifiers;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ spade:1977a,
  author = {Paul Vincent Spade},
  title = {General Semantic Closure},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {209--221},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ spanopulo-zakharov:1998a,
  author = {Vladimir V. Spanopulo and Vladimir A. Zakharov},
  title = {On the Relationship between Models of Parallel Computation},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {237--248},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;concurrency;}  
  } 

@article{ sparckjones:1999a,
  author = {Karen Sparck Jones},
  title = {Information Retrieval and Artificial Intelligence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {114},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {257--281},
  topic = {information-retrieval;}  
  } 

@book{ sparckjones-etal:2000a,
  editor = {Karen Sparck Jones, Gerald Gazdar and Roger Needham},
  title = {Computers, Language and Speech: Formal Theories and
  	Statistical Data},
  publisher = {British Royal Society},
  year = {2000},
  address = {London},
  contentnote = {TC:
    1. Karen Sparck Jones, Gerald Gazdar and Roger Needham,
      "Introduction: Combining Formal Theories and Statistical Data
       in Natural Language Processing"
    2. Fernando Pereira, "Formal Grammar and Information Theory:
       Together Again?"
    3. Julie Carson-Berndsen, "Finite State Models, Event Logics and
       Statistics in Speech Recognition"
    4. Stephen Pulman, "Statistical and Logical Reasoning in
       Disambiguation"
    5. Harald Baayen and Robert Schreuder, "Towards a Psycholingistic
       Computational Model for Morphological Parsing"
    6. Yoshihiko Gotoh and Stephen Renals, "Information Extraction
       from Broadcast News"
    7. Ronald Rosenfeld, "Incorporating Linguistic Structure into
       Statistical Language Models"
    8. Mari Ostendorf, "Incorporating Linguistic Theories of
       Pronunciation Variation into Speech Recognition Models"
    9. Geoffrey Sampson, "The role of Taxonomy in Language
       Engineering"
    10. Hiyan Alshawi and Shona Douglas, "Learning Dependency
       Transduction Models from Unannotated Examples"
    11. Jon Oberlander and Chris Brew, "Stochastic Text Generation"
    12. Stephen Young, "Probabilistic Models in Spoken Dialogue
       Systems"
    13. Paul Taylor, "Concept-to-Speech Synthesis by Phonological
       Structure Matching"
    14. Kathleen McKeown and Shimei Pan, "Prosody Modelling in
       Concept-to-Speech Generation: Methodological Issues"
   } ,
  extrainfo = {Papers from a Royal Society/British Academy Discussion
  	Meeting},
  note = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A:
  	Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Volume 358,
	Issue 1769, April 2000.},
  topic = {nl-processing;speech-acts;}  
 } 

@article{ spector-hendler:1987a,
  author = {Lee Spector and James Hendler},
  title = {Review of {\it Minimal Rationality}, by {C}hristopher
  	{C}herniak},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {39},
  number = {1},
  pages = {137--139},
  xref = {Review of cherniak:1986a.},
  topic = {limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@techreport{ spector-etal:1990a,
  author = {Lee Spector and James Hendler and M. Evett},
  title = {Knowledge Representation in {\sc parka}},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, University of
  	Maryland},
  number = {CS--TR--2410},
  year = {1990},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ spelke:1990a,
  author = {Elizabeth S. Spelke},
  title = {Origins of Visual Knowledge},
  booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science.  Volume
  	2: Visual Cognition and Action},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {99--127},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;human-vision;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ spencer:1971a,
  author = {Mary Spencer},
  title = {Why the `S' in `Intension'?},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {80},
  number = {317},
  pages = {114--115},  
  contentnote = {The author ascribes the term to Hamilton, who got it from
  	Leibniz.},
  topic = {intensionality;} 
  } 

@book{ spencer:1991a,
  author = {Andrew Spencer},
  title = {Morphological Theory},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {morphology;} ,
 } 

@book{ spencersmith-torrance:1992a,
  editor = {Richard Spencer-Smith and Steve Torrance},
  title = {Machinations: Computational Studies of Logic, Language,
  	and Cognition},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0893916552},
  topic = {logic-in-cs;foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
 } 

@incollection{ sperber-wilson_d:1981a,
  author = {Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson},
  title = {Irony and the Use-Mention Distinction},
  booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {295--318},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {irony;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sperber-wilson_d:1982b,
  author = {Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson},
  title = {Mutual Knowledge and Relevance in Theories of
  	Comprehension},
  booktitle = {Mutual Knowledge},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {N.V. Smith},
  pages = {61--85},
  address = {London},
  topic = {mutual-beliefs;discourse;relevance-theory;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ sperber-wilson_d:1986a,
  author = {Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson},
  title = {Relevance},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {For critical comments, see gazdar-good:1982a.
  	Reviews: levinson_sc:1989.},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;relevance-theory;context;}
  	} 

@article{ sperber-wilson_d:1986b,
  author = {Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson},
  title = {Loose Talk},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {86},
  pages = {153--171},
  missinginfo = {specific topic},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;}  
 } 

@article{ sperber-wilson_d:1987a,
  author = {Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson},
  title = {Pr\'ecis of Relevance: Communication and Cognition},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {697--754},
  missinginfo = {number},
  contentnote = {Comments by:
  	1. Jonathan E. Adler
  	2. Kent Bach and Robert Harnish
  	3. Diane Blakemore
  	4. Robyn Carlson
  	5. Herbert H. Clark
  	6. Anne Cutler
  	7. Martin Davies
  	8. Richard Gerrig
  	9. Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr.
       10. Liliane Hagerman
       11. Ruth Kempson
       12. John MacNamara
       13. Ruth Garrett Millikan
       14. Jerry L. Morgan and Georgia M. Green
       15. Phillip Pettit
       16. Anne Reboul
       17. Fran\c{c}ois Rencanati
       16. Stuart J. Russell
       17. Pieter A.M. Seuren
       18. Carlota S. Smith
       19. N.V. Smith
       20. Yorik Wilks
  	},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;relevance-theory;context;}
  	} 

@incollection{ sperber:1994a,
  author = {Dan Sperber},
  title = {Understanding Verbal Understanding},
  booktitle = {What is Intelligence?},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jean Khalfa},
  pages = {179--198},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic =
  {philosophy-of-mind;foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-mind;
  	foundations-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ sperber-etal:1995a,
  author = {Dan Sperber and David Premack and Ann James Premack},
  title = {Causal Cognition:  A Multidisciplinary Debate},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {causality;cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@book{ sperber-etal:1996a,
  author = {Dan Sperber and David Premack and James Premack},
  title = {Causal Cognition},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {causality;cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ sperber-wilson_d:1998a,
  author = {Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson},
  title = {Irony and Relevance: A Reply to {S}an},
  booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida},
  pages = {283--293},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {relevance-theory;irony;}  
 } 

@incollection{ sperbergmcqueen:1994a,
  author = {C.M. Sperberg-McQueen},
  title = {The Text-Encoding Initiative},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {409--427},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;text-encoding-initiative;}  
  } 

@book{ sperschneider-antoniou:1991a,
  author = {V. Sperschneider and Grigoris Antoniou},
  title = {Logic : A Foundation for Computer Science},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201565145},
  contentnote = {TC:
     I.  Predicate Logic
     1.  Syntax of Predicate Logic
     2.  Semantics of Predicate Logic
     3.  Proof Theory
     4.  Predicate Logic with Equality
     5.  Basic Concepts from Model Theory
     6.  Many-Sorted Logics
     II. Logic Programming and Prolog
     7.  Horn Logic
     8.  Steps Toward Programming in Logic
     9.  Verification of Logic Programs
     10. Procedural Interpretation fo Horn Logic and Steps toward Prolog
     III. Logic of Equations and Abstract Data Types
     11. Logic of Equations
     12. Algebraic Specification of Abstract Data Types
     13. Term Rewriting Systems
     IV. Program Verification and Hoare Logic
     14. Program Correctness
     15. Hoare Logic
     16. Completeness of Hoare Logic
     17. Recursive Procedures and Data Type Declarations
     18. Verification of Modules
    } ,
  topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ spielman:1976a,
  author = {Stephen Spielman},
  title = {Exchangeablity and the Certainty of Objective Randomness},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {399--406},
  topic = {randomness;}  
  } 

@article{ spielman:1976b,
  author = {Stephen Spielman},
  title = {Carnap's Robot and Inductive Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {407--415},
  topic = {induction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ spies:1991a,
  author = {Marcus Spies},
  title = {Managing Uncertainty in Environmental Analysis:  An Application
  	to Measurement Data Application},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {323--327},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@book{ spirtes-etal:1993a,
  author = {Peter Spirtes and Clark Glymour and Richard Scheines},
  title = {Causation, Prediction, and Search},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {causality;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
 } 

@book{ spirtes-etal:2000a,
  author = {Peter Spirtes and Clark Glymour and Richard Scheines},
  title = {Causation, Prediction, and Search},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-19440-6},
  topic = {causality;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ spohn:1975a,
  author = {Wolfgang Spohn},
  title = {An Analysis of {H}ansson's Dyadic Deontic Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {237--252},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ spohn:1977a,
  author = {Wolfgang Spohn},
  title = {Where {L}uce and {K}rantz Really Do Generalize {S}avage's
  	Decision Model},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {113--134},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ spohn:1980a,
  author = {Wolfgang Spohn},
  title = {Stochastic Independence, Causal Independence, and
  	Shieldability},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {73--99},
  topic = {causal-independence;}  
  } 

@article{ spohn:1986a,
  author = {Wolfgang Spohn},
  title = {The Representation of {P}opper Measures},
  journal = {Topoi},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {69--74},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ spohn:1988a,
  author = {Wolfgang Spohn},
  title = {Ordinal Conditional Functions:  A Dynamic Theory of
  	Epistemic States},
  booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics,
  	Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms},
  pages = {105--134},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {belief-revision;probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ spohn:1990a,
  author = {Wolfgang Spohn},
  title = {A General Non-Probabilistic Theory of Inductive Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Volume 4},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Max Henrion and Ross D. Shachter and L.N. Kanal and J.F.
  	Lemmer},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;induction;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ sproat:1975a,
  author = {Richard Sproat},
  title = {Constituent-Based Morphological Parsing},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Linguistics and
  	Philosophy, MIT},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;computational-morphology;}  
  } 

@book{ sproat:1992a,
  author = {Richard Sproat},
  title = {Morphology and Computation},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {morphology;computational-morphology;}  
 } 

@article{ sproat-etal:1996a,
  author = {Richard W. Sproat and Chilin Shih and William Gale
  	and Nancy Chang},
  title = {A Stochastic Finite-State Word-Segmentation Algorithm for
  	Chinese},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {377--404},
  topic = {finite-state-nlp;word-segmentation;Chinese-language;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sproat-riley:1996a,
  author = {Sproat and Riley},
  title = {Compilation of Weighted Finite-State Transducers from
  	Decision Trees},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {215--222},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {speech-recognition;weighted-finite-state-automata;}  
 } 

@book{ sproat:2000a,
  author = {Richard Sproat},
  title = {A Computational Theory of Writing Systems},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0-521-663490-7},
  xref = {Review: beesley:2001a.},
  topic = {writing-systems;nl-processing;}  
 } 

@article{ sproull:1980a,
  author = {Robert Sproull},
  title = {Review of {\it Artificial Intelligence and Pattern
  	Recognition in Computer Aided Design}, edited by {J}.{C}.
	{L}atombe},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {125--126},
  xref = {Review of latombe:1978a.},
  topic = {computer-aided-design;pattern-matching;}  
  } 

@incollection{ spyns-etal:1997a,
  author = {P. Spyns and F. Deprez and L. van Tichelen and B.
                van Coile},
  title = {A Practical Message-to-Speech Strategy
		for Dialogue Systems},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {41--47},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st names},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@article{ sridhar:1990a,
  author = {S.N. Sridhar},
  title = {What are Applied Linguistics?},
  journal = {Studies in the Linguistic Sciences},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {165--176},
  topic = {applied-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ srihari-bozinovic:1987a,
  author = {Sargur N. Srihari and Radmilo M.  Bo\v{z}inovi\'{c}},
  title = {A Multi-Level Perception Approach to Reading Cursive
  	Script},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {33},
  number = {3},
  pages = {217--255},
  topic = {computer-vision;computational-reading;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ srihari-burhans:1999a,
  author = {Rohini Srihari and Debra T. Burhans},
  title = {Visual Semantics: Extracting Visual Information
  	from Text Accompanying Pictures},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Buffalo.},
  topic = {visual-reasoning;multimedia-interpretation;Wordnet;}  
  } 

@article{ srinivasan_a-etal:1996a,
  author = {Ashwin Srinivasan and Steven H. Muggleton and M.J.E.
  	Sternberg and R.D. King},
  title = {Theories for Mutagenicity: A Study in First-Order and
  	Feature-Based Induction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {85},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {277--299},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A classic problem from chemistry is used to test a conjecture
     that in domains for which data are most naturally represented by
     graphs, theories constructed with inductive logic programming
     (ILP) will significantly outperform those using simpler
     feature-based methods.  One area that has long been associated
     with graph-based or structural representation and reasoning is
     organic chemistry.  In this field, we consider the problem of
     predicting the mutagenic activity of small molecules: a property
     that is related to carcinogenicity, and an important
     consideration in developing less hazardous drugs.  By providing
     an ILP system with progressively more structural information
     concerning the molecules, we compare the predictive power of the
     logical theories constructed against benchmarks set by
     regression, neural, and tree-based methods.  } ,
  topic = {inductive-logic-programming;computer-assisted-science;
  	graph-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ srinivasan_v:1991a,
  author = {V. Srinivasan},
  title = {Punctuation and Parsing of Real-World Texts},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of Sixth {T}wente Workshop on Language
		  Technologies},
  editor = {K. Sikkel and A. Nijholt},
  pages = {163--167},
  address = {Enschede, Netherlands},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ srivastav:1991a,
  author = {Veneeta Srivastav},
  title = {Uniqueness and Bijection in {WH} Constructions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{I}},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner},
  pages = {231--250},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-quantification;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@article{ srivastava-etal:1995a,
  author = {Joydeep Srivastava and Terry Connolly and Lee Roy Beach},
  title = {Do Ranks Suffice?  A Comparison of Alternative Weighting
  	Approaches in Value Elicitation},
  journal = {Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {112--116},
  topic = {preference-elicitation;multiattribute-utility;}  
  } 

@article{ srivastava-etal:2001a,
  author = {Biplav Srivastava and Subbharo Kamphampati and Minh B. Do},
  title = {Planning the Project Management Way:  Efficient Planning
  	by Effective Integration of Causal and Resource Planning
	in Real{P}lan},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {131},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {73--134},
  topic = {scheduling;planning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ srivastava-etal:2001b,
  author = {Biplay Srivastava and Xuan{L}ong Nguyen and Subbarao
  	Kambhampati and Minh B. Do and Ullas Nambiar and Zaiqing
	Nie and Romeo Nigenda and Terry Zimmerman},
  title = {Alt{A}lt: Combining Graphplan and Heuristic State Search},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {88--90},
  topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ staab:2001a,
  author = {Steffen Staab},
  title = {From Binary Temporal Relations to Non-Binary Ones and Back},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {128},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--29},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;abstraction;granularity;}  
  } 

@article{ staab-maedche:2001a,
  author = {Steffen Staab and Alexander Maedche},
  title = {Knowledge Portals: Ontologies at Work},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {63--75},
  topic = {information-retrieval;computational-ontology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stabler:1989b,
  author = {Edward P. {Stabler, Jr.}},
  title = {Syntactic Equality in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {459--466},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;theorem-proving;extensions-of-resolution;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ stabler:1992a,
  author = {Edward P. {Stabler, Jr.}},
  title = {The Logical Approach to Syntax: Foundations,
  	Specifications and Implementations of Theories of Government
	and Binding},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262193159},
  topic = {principle-based-parsing;}  
 } 

@incollection{ stabler:1997a,
  author = {Edward P. Stabler},
  title = {Computing Quantifier Scope},
  booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  pages = {155--182},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stabler:1997b,
  author = {Edward Stabler},
  title = {Derivational Minimalism},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {68--95},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ stachniak:1988a,
  author = {Zbigniew Stachniak},
  title = {Two Theorems on Many-Valued Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {2},
  pages = {171--179},
  topic = {finite-matrix;}  
  } 

@article{ stachniak:1989a,
  author = {Zbigniew Stachniak},
  title = {Many-Valued Computational Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {257--274},
  topic = {multi-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ stachniak:1995a,
  author = {Zbigniew Stachniak},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Theories and Their Axiomatic Varieties},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {317--334},
  contentnote = {Abstract model theory of nonmonotonic logics.
  	Introduces idea of axiomatic variety -- all possible ways a
	theory can be axiomatized.  This produces a better relation
	between abstract consequence and theories.},
  topic = {non-monotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ stachniak:1996a,
  author = {Zbigniew Stachniak},
  title = {Resolution Proof Systems: An Algebraic Theory},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792340175 (hb)},
  topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ stachniak:1998a,
  author = {Zbigniew Stachniak},
  title = {Non-Clausal Reasoning with Propositional Theories},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation:
	Proceedings of {AISC'98}},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {296--307},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {many-valued-logics;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ stachow:1976a,
  author = {Ernst-Walter Stachow},
  title = {Completeness of Quantum Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {237--280},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ stachow:1977a,
  author = {Ernst-Walter Stachow},
  title = {How Does Quantum Logic Correspond to Physical Reality?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {485--496},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ stachow:1978a,
  author = {E.-W. Stachow},
  title = {Quantum Logical Calculi and Lattice Structures},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {347--386},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ stahovich-etal:1998a,
  author = {Thomas Stahovich and Randall Davis and Howard Shrobe},
  title = {Generating Multiple New Designs from a Sketch},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {104},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {211--264},
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;computer-aided-design;
  	reasoning-with-diagrams;}  
  } 

@article{ stahovich-etal:2000a,
  author = {Thomas F. Stahovich and Randall Davis and Howard Shrobe},
  title = {Qualitative Rigid-Body Mechanics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {119},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {19--60},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@article{ stainton:1995a,
  author = {Robert J. Stainton},
  title = {Non-Sentential Assertions and Semantic Ellipsis},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {281--296},
  topic = {nl-semantics;ellipsis;}  
  } 

@article{ stainton:1998a,
  author = {Robert J. Stainton},
  title = {Quantifier Phrases, Meaningfulness `in Isolation',
  	and Ellipsis},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {311--340},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;ellipsis;}  
  } 

@article{ stainton:2000a,
  author = {Robert S. Stainton},
  title = {The Meaning of `Sentences'\, } ,
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {34},
  number = {3},
  pages = {441--454},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-linguistics;
  	syntactic-categories;}  
  } 

@article{ stalley:1972a,
  author = {R.F. Stalley},
  title = {Intentions, Beliefs, and Imperative Logic},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {81},
  number = {321},
  pages = {18--28},
  topic = {intention;imperative-logic;} 
  } 

@article{ stallman-sussman_gj:1977a,
  author = {Richard M. Stallman and Gerald J. Sussman},
  title = {Forward Reasoning and Dependency-Directed Backtracking in
  	a System for Computer-Aided Circuit Analysis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {135--196},
  topic = {diagnosis;AI-algorithms;backtracking;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stalnaker:1968a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {A Theory of Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Studies in Logical Theory},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1968},
  editor = {Nicholas Rescher},
  pages = {98--112},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ stalnaker:1970a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Probability and Conditionality},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {37},
  pages = {64--80},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {probability;conditionals;primitive-conditional-probability;
  	CCCP;Ramsey-test;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ stalnaker:1970b,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Notes on `A Semantic Theory of Adverbs'\,},
  year = {1970},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Yale University.},
  topic = {adverbs;}  
  } 

@article{ stalnaker-thomason_rh:1970a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker and Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {A Semantic Analysis of Conditional Logic},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {23--42},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ stalnaker:1971a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Acceptance Concepts},
  year = {1971},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Illinois at Urbana.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;belief;knowledge;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stalnaker:1972a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Pragmatics},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {380--397},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {pragmatics;context;}  
 } 

@article{ stalnaker:1973a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Presuppositions},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {447--457},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ stalnaker:1975a1,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker.},
  title = {Indicative Conditionals},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {269--286},
  xref = {Republication: stalnaker:1975a2.},
  topic = {conditionals;conversational-record;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stalnaker:1975a2,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Indicative Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D.  Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {179--196},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {conditionals;conversational-record;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stalnaker:1975b,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Pragmatic Presuppositions},
  booktitle = {Semantics and Philosophy},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Milton K. Munitz and Peter Unger},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {pragmatics;presupposition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stalnaker:1979a,
  author = {Robert Stalnaker},
  title = {Anti-Essentialism},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}:
  	Studies in Metaphysics},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {343--355},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {essentialism;modality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stalnaker:1980a,
 author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
 title = {A Defense of Conditional Excluded Middle},
 booktitle = {Ifs: Conditionals, Belief, Decision, Chance, and Time},
 publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
 year = {1980},
 editor = {William L. Harper and Robert Stalnaker and Glenn Pearce},
 pages = {87--104},
 address = {Dordrecht},
 topic = {conditionals;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ stalnaker:1980b,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Formal Semantics and Philosophical Problems},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Cornell University.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;conditionals;} 
  } 

@incollection{ stalnaker:1981a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Assertion},
  booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ stalnaker:1984a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Inquiry},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Reviews: pendelbury:1987a, cresswell_mj:1987a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-modality;propositional-attitudes;belief-revision;
		pragmatics;agent-attitudes;belief;}  
 } 

@incollection{ stalnaker:1985a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Counterparts and Identity},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy {XI}},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {75--120},
  topic = {identity;individuation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stalnaker:1986b,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Counterparts and Identity},
  booktitle = {Studies in Essentialism},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  note = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 11},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {individuation;identity;}  
  } 

@article{ stalnaker:1987a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Semantics for Belief},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {117--190},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;belief;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stalnaker:1987b,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Counterparts and Identity},
  booktitle = {Studies in Essentialism},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 11},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, pages, address},
  topic = {individuation;identity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stalnaker:1988a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Belief Attribution and Context},
  booktitle = {Contents of Thought},
  publisher = {University of Arizona Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {R. Grimm and D. Merrill},
  pages = {140--156},
  address = {Tucson},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {context;belief;philosophy-of-belief;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stalnaker:1988b,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Vague Identity},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Analysis},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {David F. Austin},
  pages = {249--360},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stalnaker:1989a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {On What's in the Head},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {287--316},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {agent-attitudes;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@article{ stalnaker:1990a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Possible Worlds and Situations},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {109--123},
  topic = {situation-theory;possible-worlds-semantics;
  	philosophy-of-possible-worlds;}  
  } 

@article{ stalnaker:1990b,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Mental Content and Linguistic Form},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {58},
  pages = {129--146},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stalnaker:1990c,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Narrow Content},
  booktitle = {Propositional Attitudes: The Role of Content in Logic,
  	Language and Mind},
  publisher = {CSLI Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Charles A. Anderson and J. Owens},
  pages = {131--146},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ stalnaker:1990d,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Semantics for Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {137--138},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  note = {This is an abstract for a tutorial session.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ stalnaker:1990e,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Notes on Conditional Semantics},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, Massachusetts
  	Institute of Technology},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stalnaker:1991a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {How to Do Semantics for the Language of Thought},
  booktitle = {Meaning in Mind: {F}odor and his Critics},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Barry Loewer and Georges Rey},
  address = {Oxford},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;mental-language;}  
  } 

@article{ stalnaker:1991b,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {The Problem of Logical Omniscience, {I}},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {85},
  pages = {425--440},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {hyperintensionalithy;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stalnaker:1992a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Notes on Conditional Semantics},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {316--327},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ stalnaker:1993a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Twin {E}arth Revisited},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {93},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {297--311},
  topic = {reference;philosophy-of-language;twin-earth;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ stalnaker:1993b,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Narrow Context},
  year = {1993},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, Massachusetts
  	Institute of Technology.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {wide/narrow-attitudes;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@article{ stalnaker:1993c,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {A Note on Non-Monotonic Modal Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {64},
  number = {2},
  pages = {183--196},
  note = {Widely circulated in manuscipt form, 1980 to 1992.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;
		foundations-of-nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ stalnaker:1994a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Knowledge, Belief, and Counterfactual Reasoning in Games},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Castiglioncello Conference},
  year = {1994},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  editor = {Cristina Biccieri and Brian Skyrms},
  address = {Cambridge},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {game-theory; counterfactuals;Nash-equilibria;}  
  } 

@article{ stalnaker:1994b,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {What is a Non-Monotonic Consequence Relation?},
  journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {7--21},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;
		foundations-of-nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stalnaker:1994c,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Letter to {B}rian {S}kyrms},
  booktitle = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational
       Decision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {27--29},
  editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {probability;conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stalnaker-jeffrey:1994a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker and Richard Jeffrey},
  title = {Conditionals as Random Variables},
  booktitle = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational
       Decision},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {31--46},
  editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {probability;conditionals;CCCP;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ stalnaker:1995a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {An Autoepistemic Language Game},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Linguistics and
  	Philosophy, {MIT}, Cambridge, MA 02139.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {autoepistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stalnaker:1996a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Varieties of Supervenience},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 10: Metaphysics, 1996},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {221--241},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {supervenience;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ stalnaker:1996b,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Knowledge, Belief and Counterfactual Reasoning in Games},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, Massachusetts
  	Institute of Technology.},
  topic = {game-theory;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ stalnaker:1998a,
  author = {Robert Stalnaker},
  title = {On the Representation of Context},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--19},
  topic = {context;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ stalnaker:1999a,
  author = {Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {Context and Content: Essays on Intensionality
		Speech and Thought},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
           1.  "Pragmatics"
           2.  "Pragmatic Presuppositions"
           3.  "Indicative Conditionals"
           4.  "Assertion"
           5.  "On the Representation of Context"
           6.  "Semantics for Belief"
           7.  "Indexical Belief"
           8.  "Belief Attribution and Context"
           9.  "On What's in the Head"
	   10. "Narrow Content"
	   11. "Twin Earth Revisited"
	   12. "Mental Content and Linguistic Form"
	   13. "The Problem of Logical Omniscience, I"
	   14. "The Problem of Logical Omniscience, II"
	},
  ISBN = {0-19-823708-1 (hardback), 0-19-823707-3 (paperback)},
  topic = {pragmatics;conditionals;philosophy-of-language;
		philosophy-of-mind;hyperintensionality;}  
 } 

@article{ stamatatos-etal:2000a,
  author = {Efstathios Stamatatos and Nikos Fakotakis and
  	George Kokkinakis},
  title = {Automatic Text Categorization in Terms of Genre
  	and Author},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {471--495},
  topic = {document-classification;genre-detection;}  
  } 

@article{ stampe:1968a,
  author = {Dennis Stampe},
  title = {Toward a Grammar of Meaning},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {137--173},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stampe:1978a,
  author = {Dennis W. Stampe},
  title = {Toward a Causal Theory of Linguistic Representation},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {81--103},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {reference-philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stampe:1986a,
  author = {Dennis W. Stampe},
  title = {Defining Desire},
  booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical
  	Psychology on the Concept of Wanting},
  publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joel Marks},
  pages = {149--173},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {desire;philosophical-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ stanley:1993a,
  author = {Jason Stanley},
  title = {Truth and Metatheory in {F}rege},
  journal = {Pacific Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {77},
  pages = {45--70},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {Frege;truth;}  
  } 

@article{ stanley:1993b,
  author = {Jason Stanley},
  title = {Reply to {H}intikka and {S}andu: {F}rege
  	and Second-Order Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {77},
  pages = {416--424},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {Frege;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stanley:1997a,
  author = {Jason Stanley},
  title = {Names and Rigid Designation},
  booktitle = {A Companion to the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Bob Hale and Crispin Wright},
  pages = {555--583},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {proper-names;individuation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stanley:1997b,
  author = {Jason Stanley},
  title = {Rigidity and Content},
  booktitle = {Language, Thought, and Logic: Essays in Honour
  	of {M}ichael {D}ummett},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Richardd G. {Heck, Jr.}},
  pages = {131--156},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {semantics-of-proper-names;}  
  } 

@article{ stanley-szabo:1999a,
  author = {Jason Stanley and Zolt{\'a}n Gendler Szab{\'o}},
  title = {On Quantifier Domain Restriction},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {219--261},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;common-nouns;context;}  
  } 

@article{ stanley:2000a,
  author = {Jason Stanley},
  title = {Context and Logical Form},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {4},
  pages = {391--434},
  topic = {context;nl-semantics;LF;}  
  } 

@article{ stanley-williamson:2001a,
  author = {Jason Stanley and Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Knowing How},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {98},
  number = {5},
  pages = {411--444},
  xref = {Commentary: schiffer:2002a.},
  topic = {knowing-how;}  
  } 

@article{ starbuck-milliken:1988a,
  author = {W. Starbuck and F. Milliken},
  title = {Challenger: Fine-Tuning the Odds Until Something Breaks},
  journal = {Journal of Management Studies},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {319--340},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {decision-making;rationality;}  
  } 

@article{ stark_ca:2000a,
  author = {Cynthia A. Stark},
  title = {Hypothetical Consent and Justification},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {6},
  pages = {313--334},
  topic = {social-contract-theory;hypothetical-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ stark_wr:1981a,
  author = {W.R. Stark},
  title = {A Logic of Knowledge},
  journal = {Zeitschrift f\"{u}r Mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der
 	Mathematik},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {371--374},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ staude:1986a,
  author = {Mitchell Staude},
  title = {Wanting, Desiring, and Valuing: The Case against
  	Conativism},
  booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical
  	Psychology on the Concept of Wanting},
  publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joel Marks},
  pages = {175--195},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {desire;philosophical-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ stdenis-grim:1997a,
  author = {Paul St. Denis and Patrick Grim},
  title = {Fractal Images of Formal Systems},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {181--222},
  topic = {visual-reasoning;foundations-of-logic;fractals;}  
  } 

@article{ stede:1998a,
  author = {Manfred Stede},
  title = {A Generative Perspective on Verb Alternations},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {401--430},
  topic = {nl-generation;transitivity-alternations;} 
  } 

@book{ stede-etal:1998a,
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  title = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1.  Daniel Marcu, "A Surface-Based Approach to Identifying
		Discourse-Markers and Elementary Textual Units"
	2.  Simon H. Corston-Oliver, "Identifying the Linguistic
		Correlates of Rhetorical Relations"
        3.  Jill Burstein and Karen Kukich and Susanne Wolff and Chi Lu
		and Martin Chodorow, "Enriching Automated Essay
		Scoring Using Discourse Marking"
        4.  Brigitte Grote, "Representing Temporal Discourse Markers
		for Generation Purposes"
        5.  Liesbeth Degand, "On Classifying Connectives and Coherence
		Relations"
        6.  Claudia Soria and Giacomo Ferrari, "Lexical Marking of
		Discourse Relations---Some Experimental Findings"
        7.  Simone Teufel, "Meta-Discourse Markers and
		Problem-Structuring in Scientific Texts"
        8.  Laurence Danlos, "Linguistic Ways for Expressing a Discourse
		Relation in a Lexicalized Text Generation System"
        9.  Alisdair Knott, "Similarity and Context Relations and
		Inductive Rules"
        10.  Frank Schilder, "Temporal Discourse Markers and the Flow
		of Events"
        11.  Nigel Ward, "Some Exotic Discourse Markers of Spoken
		Dialog"
        12.  Kathleen Dahlgren, "Lexical Marking and the Recovery
		of Discourse Structure"
        13.  Jacques Jayez and Corinne Rossari, "Discourse Relations
		Versus Discourse Marker Relations"
        14.  Marie-Paule P\'ery-Woodley, "Signalling in Written
		Text: A Corpus-Based Approach"
        15.  Bonnie Lynn Webber and Aravind Joshi, "Anchoring a
		Lexicalized Tree-Adjoining Grammar for Discourse"
        16.  Masahito Kawamori and Takeshi Kawabata and Akira
		Shimazu, "Discourse Markers in Spontaneous Dialogue:
		A Corpus-Based Study of {J}apanese and {E}nglish"
        17.  Yukiko I. Nakano and Tsuneaki Kato, "Cue Phrase Selection
		in Instruction Dialogue Using Machine Learning"
        18.  Kerstin Fischer and Hans Brandt-Pook, "Cue Phrase
		Selection in Instruction Dialogue Using Machine
		Learning"
        19.  Daniel Jerafsky and Elizabeth Shriberg and Barbara Fox
		and Traci Curl, "Lexical, Prosodic, and Syntactic
		Cues for Dialog Acts"
  	},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;}  
 } 

@book{ stede:1999a,
  author = {Manfred Stede},
  title = {Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation in 
  	Multilingual Text Generation},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-7923-8419-9},
  xref = {Review: dieugenio:2000a.Review: .},
  topic = {nl-kr;lexical-semantics;computational-semantics;nl-generation;
  	multilingual-nlp;multilingual-lexicons;}  
 } 

@article{ stede:2000a,
  author = {Manfred Stede},
  title = {Review of {\it Predicative Forms in Natural Language and
  	in Lexical Knowledge Bases}, by {P}atrick {S}aint-{D}izier},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {267--269},
  xref = {Review of: stede:1999a.},
  topic = {predication;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stedmon:1985a,
  author = {J.A. Stedmon},
  title = {More Than 'All'?  Children's Problems with Plural
  	Judgements},
  booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle},
  pages = {117--139},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {pragmatic-reasoning;plural;developmental-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ steedman:1981a,
  author = {Mark Steedman},
  title = {Parsing Spoken Language Using Combinatory
     		Grammars},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  pages = {113--126},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;combinatory-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ steedman:1985a,
  author = {Mark Steedman},
  title = {{LFG} and Psychological Explanation},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {359--385},
  topic = {LFG;parsing-psychology;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ steedman-moens:1987a,
  author = {Mark Steedman and Marc Moens},
  title = {Temporal Ontology in Natural Language},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of
  	the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {1--7},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  topic = {events;aktionsarten;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ steedman:1990a,
  author = {Mark J. Steedman},
  title = {Gapping as Constituent Coordination},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {207--263},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;coordination;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ steedman:1991a,
  author = {Mark Steedman},
  title = {Surface Structure},
  year = {1991},
  note = {Unpublished MS, University of Pennsylvania.},
  topic = {nl-syntax;surface-structure;}  
  } 

@article{ steedman:1991b,
  author = {Mark Steedman},
  title = {Structure and Intonation},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {260--296},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {intonation;discourse;surface-structure;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ steedman:1991c,
  author = {Mark Steedman},
  title = {Type-Raising and Directionality in Combinatory Grammar},
  institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science,
  	University of Pennsylvania},
  number = {MS--CIS--91--11},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Philadelphia},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ steedman:1992a,
  author = {Mark Steedman},
  title	= {Structure and Intonation},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {67},
  pages	= {260--296},
  topic = {intonation;cagegorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ steedman:1993a,
  author = {Mark Steedman},
  title = {Surface Structure, Intonation, and Discourse Meaning},
  booktitle = {Challenges in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Madeleine Bates and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {228--253},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {intonation;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ steedman:1994a,
  author = {Mark Steedman},
  title = {The Well-Tempered Computer},
  journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A:
  	Physical Sciences and Engineering},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {349},
  number = {1689},
  pages = {5--130},
  note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html},
  topic = {AI-and-music;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ steedman:1995a,
  author = {Mark Steedman},
  title = {Dynamic Semantics for Tense and Aspect},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1292--1298},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {tense-aspect;temporal-logic;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ steedman:1997a,
  author = {Mark Steedman},
  title = {Surface Structure and Interpretation},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: creaney:1998a.},
  title = {The Productions of Time},
  year = {1998},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Edinburgh.  Available
  	from http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/\user{}steedman/papers.html.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;temporal-logic;Aktionsarten;
	frame-problem;Yale-shooting-problem;}  
  } 

@book{ steedman:2000a,
  author = {Mark Steedman},
  title = {The Syntactic Process},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-19420-1},
  xref = {Review: nivre:2001a.},
  topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;categoriaal-grammar;nl-processing;
  		nl-quantifiers;nl-quantifier-scope;intonation;}  
 } 

@article{ steedman:2000b,
  author = {Mark Steedman},
  title = {Information Structure and the Syntax-Phonology Interface},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {31},
  number = {4},
  pages = {649--689},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;intonation;focus;}  
  } 

@incollection{ steele-powers:1998a,
  author = {Robert Steele and David Powers},
  title = {Evolution and Evaluation of Document Retrieval
  		Properties},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {163--164},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {information-retrieval;}  
  } 

@book{ steele_g:1990a,
  author = {Guy {Steele, Jr.}},
  title = {Common {\sc lisp:} The Language},
  publisher = {Digital Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Bedford, Massacusetts},
  edition = {2nd},
  topic = {programming-languages;LISP;}  
 } 

@book{ steels-brooks_ra:1995a,
  editor = {Luc Steels and Rodney Brooks},
  title = {The Artificial Life Route to Artificial Intelligence:
  	Building Embodied, Situated Agents},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {robotics;artificial-life;}  
 } 

@article{ steels:1998a,
  author = {Luc Steels},
  title = {The Origins of Syntax in Visually Grounded Robotic Agents},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {133--156},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;minimalist-robotics;}  
  } 

@article{ steenburgh:1965a,
  author = {E.W. van Steenburgh},
  title = {Metaphor},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {22},
  pages = {678--688},
  topic = {metaphor;}  
  } 

@book{ steffans:1996a,
  editor = {Petra Steffans},
  title = {Machine Translation and the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  xref = {Review: mani:1996a.},
  topic = {machine-translation;computational-lexicography;}  
 } 

@article{ stefik:1978a,
  author = {Mark Stefik},
  title = {Inferring {DNA} Structures from Segmentation Data},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {85--114},
  topic = {computer-assisted-science;computer-assisted-genetics;}  
  } 

@article{ stefik:1979a1,
  author = {Mark Stefik},
  title = {Planning and Meta-Planning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {16},
  number = {2},
  pages = {141--170},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  xref = {Republication: stefik:1979a2.},
  topic = {plan-algorithms;metareasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stefik:1979a2,
  author = {Mark Stefik},
  title = {Planning and Meta-Planning},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {272--288},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: stefik:1979a1.},
  topic = {plan-algorithms;metareasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ stefik:1981a,
  author = {Mark Stefik},
  title = {Planning with Constraints ({MOLGEN}: Part 1)},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {16},
  number = {2},
  pages = {111--140},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Hierarchical planners distinguish between important
     considerations and detail's.  A hierarchical planner creates
     descriptions of abstract states and divides its planning task
     into subproblems for refining the abstract states.  The abstract
     states enable it to focus on important considerations, thereby
     avoiding the burden of trying to deal with everything at once.
     In most practical planning problems, however, the subproblems
     interact.  Without the ability to handle these interactions,
     hierarchical planners can deal effectively only with idealized
     cases where subproblems are independent and can be solved
     separately.
      This paper presents an approach to hierarchical planning,
     termed constraint posting, that uses constraints to represent
     the interactions between subproblems.  Constraints are
     dynamically formulated and propagated during hierarchical
     planning, and used to coordinate the solutions of nearly
     independent subproblems.  This is illustrated with a computer
     program, called MOLGEN, that plans gene-cloning experiments in
     molecular genetics.},
  topic = {planning;hierarchical-planning;computer-assisted-science;}  
  } 

@article{ stefik:1981b,
  author = {Mark Stefik},
  title = {Planning and Meta-Planning ({MOLGEN}: Part 2)},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {16},
  number = {2},
  pages = {141--170},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The selection of what to do next is often the hardest part of
     resource-limited problem solving.  In planning problems, there
     are typically many goals to be achieved in some order.  The goals
     interact with each other in ways which depend both on the order
     in which they are achieved and on the particular operators which
     are used to achieve them.  A planning program needs to keep its
     options open because decisions about one part of a plan are
     likely to have consequences for another part.
      This paper describes an approach to planning which integrates
     and extends two strategies termed the least-commitment and the
     heuristic strategies.  By integrating these, the approach makes
     sense of the need for guessing; it resorts to plausible
     reasoning to compensate for the limitations of its knowledge
     base.  The decision-making knowledge is organized in a layered
     control structure which separates decisions about the planning
     problem from decisions about the planning process.  The approach,
     termed meta-planning, exposes and organizes a variety of
     decisions, which are usually made implicitly and sub-optimally
     in planning programs with rigid control structures.  This is part
     of a course of research which seeks to enhance the power of a
     problem solvers by enabling them to reason about their own
     reasoning processes.
      Meta-planning has been implemented and exercised in a
     knowledge-based program (named MOLGEN) that plans gene cloning
     experiments in molecular genetics.  } ,
  topic = {planning;metaplanning;computer-assisted-science;}  
  } 

@article{ stefik-etal:1982a,
  author = {Mark Stefik and Jan Aikins and Robert Balzer and John
  	Benoit and Lawrence Birnbaum and Frederick Hayes-Roth and
	Earl Sacerdoti},
  title = {The Organization of Expert Systems: A Tutorial},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {135--173},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This is a tutorial about the organization of expert
     problem-solving programs. We begin with a restricted class of
     problems that admits a very simple organization. To make this
     organization feasible it is required that the input data be
     static and reliable and that the solution space be small enough
     to search exhaustively. These assumptions are then relaxed, one
     at a time, in case study of ten more sophisticated
     organizational prescriptions.  The first cases give techniques
     for dealing with unreliable data and time-varying data. Other
     cases show techniques for creating and reasoning with abstract
     solution spaces and using multiple lines of reasoning. The
     prescriptions are compared for their coverage and illustrated by
     examples from recent expert systems.
  } ,
  topic = {expert-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ stefik:1984a,
  author = {Mark Stefik},
  title = {Review of {\it The Sciences of the Artificial},
  	2nd Ed., by {H}erbert {A}. {S}imon},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--97},
  xref = {Review of simon_ha:1996b.},
  topic = {AI-classics;foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
  } 

@article{ stefik:1984b,
  author = {Mark Stefik},
  title = {Review of {\it The Fifth Generation: Artificial
  	Intelligence and {J}apan's Computer Challenge to the World},
	by {E}.{A}. {F}eigenbaum and {P}. {M}c{C}orduck},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {219--222},
  xref = {Review of feigenbaum-mccorduck:1983a.},
  topic = {popular-cs;cs-journalism;}  
  } 

@article{ stefik:1985a,
  author = {Mark J. Stefik},
  title = {Review of {\it Machine Learning: An Artificial
  	Intelligence Approach } , by {R}.{S}. {M}ichalski, {J}aime {G}.
	{C}arbonell and {T}.{M}. {M}itchell},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {236--238},
  xref = {Review of michalski-etal:1983a.},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ stefik:1985b,
  author = {Mark J. Stefik},
  title = {Review of {\it Minds, Machines, and Evolution}, by C.
  	Hookway},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {237--245},
  xref = {Review of hookway:1984a.},
  topic = {evolution;philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ stefik:1985c,
  author = {Mark Stefik},
  title = {Review of {\it Intelligent Tutoring Systems}, by {D}erek {H}.
  	{S}leeman and {J}ohn {S}. {B}rown},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {238--245},
  xref = {Review of sleeman-brown_jh:1982a.},
  topic = {intelligent-tutoring;}  
  } 

@article{ stefik-bobrow:1986a,
  author = {Mark Stefik and Daniel G. Bobrow},
  title = {Object-Oriented Programming: Themes and Variations},
  journal = {AI Magazine},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {40--62},
  topic = {object-oriented-programming;}  
 } 

@article{ stefik:1989a,
  author = {Mark Stefik},
  title = {Review of {\it Computation and Cognition:
  	Toward a Foundation of Cognitive Science}, by {Z}.{W}.
	{P}ylyshyn},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  pages = {241--247},
  xref = {Review of pylyshyn:1984a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;competence;philosophy-of-cogsci;
  	foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
  } 

@article{ stefik-etal:1993a,
  author = {Mark J. Stefik and Jan S. Aikins and Robert Balzer
  	and John Benoit and Lawrence Birnbaum and Frederic
	Hayes-Roth and Earl D. Sacerdoti},
  title = {Retrospective on `The Organization of Expert Systems,
  	A Tutorial'$\,$},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {221--224},
  topic = {expert-systems;knowledge-engineering;}  
  } 

@article{ stefik-smoliar:1993a,
  author = {Mark J. Stefik and Stephen W. Smoliar},
  title = {Eight reviews of `Unified Theories of
  	Cognition' and a Response},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {261--263},
  xref = {Review of newell:1992a.},
  topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;}  
  } 

@book{ stefik:1995a,
  author = {Mark J. Stefik},
  title = {An Introduction to Knowledge Systems},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1995},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {kr;AI-intro;expert-systems;kr-course;}  
} 

@book{ stefik:1996a,
  author = {Mark J. Stefik},
  title = {Internet Dreams},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {internet-general;}  
} 

@article{ stefik-smoliar:1996a,
  author = {Mark J. Stefik and Stephen Smoliar},
  title = {{\it What Computers Still Can't Do:} Five Reviews and
  	a Response},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {80},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--97},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ steier:1996a,
  author = {David M. Steier},
  title = {Mediating Matters: Response to {S}haw},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {253--257},
  topic = {multiple-databases;SOAR;}  
  } 

@book{ steier-mitchell:1996a,
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  title = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ stein:1990a,
  author = {Lynn Andrea Stein},
  title = {Extensions as Possible Worlds},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Brown University},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} 
  } 

@phdthesis{ stein:1990c,
  author = {Lynn Stein},
  title = {Resolving Ambiguity in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  school = {Computer Science Department, Brown University},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
    } 

@book{ stein_e:1996a,
  author = {Edward Stein},
  title = {Without Good Reason: The Rationality Debate in Philosophy
  	and Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {rationality;foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ stein_l:1995a,
  author = {Lynn A. Stein},
  title = {Imagination and Situated Cognition},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Manuscript, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess},
  topic = {cognitive-robotics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ stein_la:1989a,
  author = {Lynn Andrea Stein},
  title = {Skeptical Inheritance: Computing the Intersection of
  	Credulous Extensions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {1153--1158},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ stein_la:1990a,
  author = {Lynn Andrea Stein},
  title = {Extensions as Possible Worlds},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Brown University},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@techreport{ stein_la:1990b,
  author = {Lynn Andrea Stein},
  title = {A Preference-Based Approach to Inheritance},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, Brown University},
  number = {CS--90--08},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Prividence, Rhode Island},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ stein_la:1992a,
  author = {Lynn Andrea Stein},
  title = {Resolving Ambiguity in Nonmonotonic Inheritance Hierarchies},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {55},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {259--310},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ stein_la:1993a,
  author = {Lynn Andrea Stein},
  title = {Philosophy as Engineering},
  year = {1993},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, MIT.},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ stein_la-morgenstern:1994a,
  author = {Lynn Andrea Stein and Leora Morgenstern},
  title = {Motivated Action Theory: A Formal Theory of Causal
  	Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {71},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--42},
  topic = {causality;frame-problem;Yale-shooting-problem;action-effects;
  	foundations-of-planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ steinberg:1971a,
  author = {Danny Steinberg},
  title = {Overview},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {485--496 } ,
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {psycholinguistics;nl-semantics;} 
  } 

@book{ steinberg_dd-jacobovits:1971a,
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  title = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Charles E. Caton, "Overview", pp. 3--13
     2. David Wiggins, "On Sentence-Sense, Word-Sense, and Difference
     		of Word-Sense.  Towards a Philosophical Theory
		of Dictionaries", pp. 13--34
     3. William P. Alston, "How Does One Tell if a Word Has One,
     		Several, or Many Senses?", pp. 35--47 
     4. David Wiggins, "A Reply to {M}r. {A}lston", pp. 48--52 
     5. H. Paul Grice, "Meaning", pp. 53--65
     6. Gilbert H. Harman, "Three Levels of Meaning", pp. 66--75
     7. Leonard Linsky, "Reference and Referents", pp. 76--85
     8. Peter F. Strawson, "Identifying Reference and 
     		Truth-Values", pp. 86--99
     9. Keith Donnellan, "Reference and Definite 
     		Descriptions", pp. 100--114
    10. Zeno Vendler, "Singular Terms", pp. 115--133 
    11. John R. Searle, "The Problem of Proper Names", pp. 134--141
    12. Willard V. Quine, "The Inscrutability of Reference", pp. 142--154 
    13. Howard Maclay, "Overview", pp. 157--182
    14. Noam Chomsky, "Deep Structure, Surface Structure, and
    		Semantic Interpretation", pp. 183--216
    15. James D. McCawley, "Where Do Noun Phrases Come 
    		From?", pp. 217--231
    16. George Lakoff, "On Generative Semantics", pp. 232--296
    17. Jerrold Katz, "Semantic Theory", pp. 297--307
    18. Uriel Weinreich, "Explorations in Semantic Theory", pp. 308--328
    19. George Lakoff, "Presuppositions and Relative 
    		Well-Formedness", pp. 329--340
    20. D. Terence Langendoen, "Presupposition and the Semantic
    		Analysis of Nouns and Verbs in {E}nglish", pp. 341--344
    21. Paul Kiparsky and Carol Kiparsky, "Fact", pp. 345--369
    22. Charles J. Fillmore, "Types of Lexical Information", pp. 370--392
    23. Edward H. Bendix, "The Data of Semantic 
    		Description", pp. 393--409
    24. Manfred Bierwisch, "On Classifying Semantic 
    		Features", pp. 410--435
    25. R.M.W. Dixon, "A Method of Semantic Description", pp. 436--471
    26. Kenneth Hale, "A Note on the {W}albiri Tradition of
    		Antonymy", pp. 472--482
    27. Danny Steinberg, "Overview", pp. 485--496 
    28. Charles E. Osgood, "Where Do Sentences Come From?", pp. 497--529
    29. David McNeil, "Are There Specifically Linguistic 
    		Universals?", pp. 530--535
    30. Eric H. Lenneberg, "Language and Cognition", pp. 536--557
    31. Jerry A. Fodor, "Could Meaning be a $\gamma_m$?", pp. 558--568
    32. George A. Miller, "Empirical Methods in the Study of 
    		Semantics", pp. 569--585
    33. Thomas A. Bever and Peter S. Rosenbaum, "Some Lexical
    		Structures and Their Empirical Validity", pp. 586--599
  } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;semantics-survey;}  
 } 

@article{ steinberg_l-langrana:1996a,
  author = {L. Steinberg and N. Langrana},
  title = {{EVEXED} and {MEET} for Mechanical Design: Testing Structural
  	Decomposition and Constraint Propagation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {84},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {37--56},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In previous work we have developed a model of design which can
     be summarized as structural decomposition plus constraint
     propagation, and embodied it in VEXED, a system for circuit
     design.  In this paper we report on work we have done to test
     the generality of this model of design by abstracting VEXED into
     a domain independent shell, EVEXED, and using EVEXED to
     implement MEET, a system for mechanical design.  This work
     demonstrates that the basic model of design can be used for
     some, but not all, areas of mechanical design.  In particular,
     this approach is not appropriate for design involving parameter
     selection for primitive parts or design involving large
     searches.  This work also demonstrates the importance of
     combining multiple models of design to handle different aspects
     of the same artifact.  Finally, it demonstrates the importance
     of testing ideas about design on multiple tasks and domains.  } ,
  topic = {constraint-propagation;circuit-design;}  
  } 

@article{ steinberg_l:2001a,
  author = {Louis Steinberg},
  title = {Searching Stochastically Generated Multi-Abstraction-Level
  	Design Spaces},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {129},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {63--90},
  topic = {heuristics;search;genetic-algorithms;abstraction;}  
  } 

@book{ steiner-veltman:1988a,
  editor = {Erich H. Steiner and Robert Veltman},
  title = {Pragmatics, Discourse and Text: Some Systemically-Inspired
          Approaches},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
 } 

@book{ steinitz:1996a,
  author = {Yuval Steinitz},
  title = {In Defense of Metaphysics},
  publisher = {P. Lang},
  year = {1996},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0820424471 (hard)},
  topic = {metaphysics;}  
 } 

@article{ stell:2000a,
  author = {J. G. Stell},
  title = {Boolean Connection Algebras: A New Approach to The
  	Region-Connection Calculus},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {122},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {111--136},
  topic = {region-connection-calculus;spatial-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ stelzner:1992a,
  author = {Werner Stelzner},
  title = {Relevant Deontic Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {193--216},
  topic = {relevance-logic;deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ stenlund:1974a,
  editor = {S{\o}ren Stenlund},
  title = {Logical Theory and Semantic Analysis: Essays Dedicated to
  	{S}tig {K}anger on his Fiftieth Birthday},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1974},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027704384},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. David K. Lewis, "Semantic Analyses for Dyadic Deontic Logic"
     2. Arto Salomaa, "Some Remarks Concerning Many-Valued
     	   Propositional Logics"
     3. Brian F. Chellas,  "Conditional Obligation"
     4. Richard C. Jeffrey, Remarks on Interpersonal Utility Theory"
     5. Jaakko Hintikka, "On the Proper Treatment of Quantifiers in
     		{M}ontague Semantics"
     6. B.H. Mayoh, "Extracting Information from Logical Proofs"
     7. Lennart {\AA}qvist, "A New Approach to the Logical Theory of
     		Actions and Causality"
     8. Ingmar P\"orn, "Some Basic Concepts of Action"
     9. K. de Bouv\'ere, "Some Remarks Concerning Logical and
    		Ontological Theories"
    10. Ian Hacking, "Combined Evidence"
    11. C. \"Aberg, "Solution to a problem raised by Stig Kanger and a
    		Set Theoretical Statement Equivalent to the Axiom of Choice"
    12. Per Lindstr\"om, "On Characterizing Elementary Logic"
    13. Dana Scott, "Rules and Derived Rules"
    14. Bengt Hansson, A Program for Pragmatics"
    15. G. Hermer\'en, "Models"
    16. Jens E. Fenstad, "Remarks on Logic and Probability"
    17. S{\o}ren Stenlund, "Analytic and Synthetic Arithmetical 
    		Statements"  } ,
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ stenning:1985a,
  author = {Keith Stenning},
  title = {On Making Models: A Study of Constructive Memory},
  booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle},
  pages = {165--185},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {pragmatic-inference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stenning:1995a,
  author = {Keith Stenning},
  title = {Logic as a Foundation for a Cognitive Theory of Modality
  	Assignment},
  booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why?  Logical Approaches to
       Natural Language},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {321--342},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-modality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stenning-etal:1995a,
  author = {Keith Stenning and Robert Inder and Irene Nelson},
  title = {Applying Semantic Concepts to Analyzing Media and
		Modalities},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {303--338},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;
  	multimedia-interpretation;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ stenning-oberlander:1995a,
  author = {Keith Stenning and Jon Oberlander},
  title = {A Cognitive Theory of Graphical and Linguistic
  	Reasoning: Logic and Implementation},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--140},
  topic = {diagrammatic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stenning:1996a,
  author = {Keith Stenning},
  title = {What's Happening?  Elements of Commonsense Causation},
  booktitle = {Philosophy and Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Andy Clark and Jes\'us Ezquerro and Jes\'us M. Larrazabal},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {causality;common-sense-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ stenning:2000a,
  author = {Keith Stenning},
  title = {Review of {\em The Human Semantic Potential: Spatial Language and
  	Constrained Connectionism}, by {T}erry {R}egier},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {266--269},
  xref = {Review of: regier:1996a.},
  topic = {spatial-language;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@article{ stenning-vanlambargen:2001a,
  author = {Keith Stenning and Michiel van Lambargen},
  title = {Semantics as a Foundation for Psychology: A Case Study
  	of {W}ason's Selection Task},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {273--317},
  topic = {conditionals;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ stenning-lemon_o:forthcominga,
  author = {Keith Stenning and Oliver J. Lemon},
  title = {Aligning Logical and Psychological Perspectives
  	On Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence Review},
  year = {forthcoming},
  volume = {19},
  missinginfo = {Said to be forthcoming in July, 1999.},
  topic = {diagrammatic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ stenstrom:1994a,
  author = {Anna-Brita Stenstr\"om},
  title = {An Introduction to Spoken Interaction},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1994},
  address = {London},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;corpus-linguistics;transcription-pragmatics;}  
} 

@article{ stepankova-havel:1976a,
  author = {Olga \v{S}t\v{e}p\'ankov\'a and Ivan M. Havel},
  title = {A Logical Theory of Robot Problem Solving},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {129--161},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The concept of an image space, motivated by the STRIPS system,
     is introduced as a formal logical counterpart to the state-space
     problem solving in robotics. The main results are two
     correspondence theorems establishing a relationship between
     solutions of problems formalized in the image space and formal
     proofs of certain formulas in the associated situation calculus.
     The concept of a solution, as used in the second correspondence
     theorem, has a rather general form allowing for conditional
     branching. Besides giving a deeper insight into the logic of
     problem solving the results suggest a possibility of using the
     advantages of the image-space representation in the situation
     calculus and conversely. The image space approach is further
     extended to cope with the frame problem in a similar way as
     STRIPS.  Any STRIPS problem domain can be associated with an
     appropriate image space with frames of the same solving power.
   } ,
  topic = {STRIPS;cognitive-robotics;state-space-problem-solving;
  	situation-calculus;frame-problem;}  
  } 

@article{ stephanou:2001a,
  author = {Yannis Stephanou},
  title = {Indexed Actuality},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {4},
  pages = {355--393},
  topic = {actuality;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ stepp-michalski:1986a,
  author = {Robert E. Stepp and Ryszard S. Michalski},
  title = {Conceptual Clustering of Structured Objects: A
  	Goal-Oriented Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {43--69},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Conceptual clustering is concerned with problems of grouping
     observed entities into conceptually simple classes.  Earlier work
     on this subject assumed that the entities and classes are
     described in terms of a priori given multi-valued attributes.
     This research extends the previous work in three major ways:
       - entities are characterized as compound objects requiring
         structural descriptions.
       - relevant descriptive concepts (attributes and relations) are
         not necessarily given a priori but can be determined through
         reasoning about the goals of classification,
       - inference rules are used to derive useful high-level
         descriptive concepts from the initially provided low-level concepts.
     The created classes are described using Annotated Predicate
     Calculus (APC), which is a typed predicate calculus with
     additional operators.  Relevant descriptive concepts appropriate
     for characterizing entities are determined by tracing links in a
     Goal Dependency Network (GDN) that represents relationships
     between goals, subgoals, and related attributes.
      An experiment comparing results from the program CLUSTER/S that
     implements the classification generation process and results
     obtained from people indicates that the proposed method might
     offer a plausible cognitive model of classification processes as
     well as an engineering solution to the problems of automatic
     classification generation.  } ,
  topic = {conceptual-clustering;classifier-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ sterelny:1982a,
  author = {Kim Sterelny},
  title = {Against Conversational Implicature},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {187--194},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {implicature;}  
  } 

@article{ sterelny:1984a,
  author = {Kim Sterelny},
  title = {Review of {\em Knowing Who}, by {S}teven {E}. {B}o\"er and
  	{W}illiam {L}ycan},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1},
  pages = {654--656},
  xref = {Review of boer-lycan:1986a.},
  topic = {knowing-who;}  
  } 

@article{ stergiou-koubarakis:2000a,
  author = {Kostas Stergiou and Manolis Koubarakis},
  title = {Backtracking Algorithms for Disjunctions of Temporal
  	Constraints},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {120},
  number = {1},
  pages = {81--117},
  topic = {AI-algorithms;backtracking;temporal-reasoning;
  	constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@book{ sterling-shapiro:1994a,
  author = {Leon Sterling and Ehud Shapiro},
  title = {The Art of {P}rolog},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  edition = {2},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {Prolog;}  
 } 

@book{ stern_g:1968a,
  author = {Gustaf Stern},
  title = {Meaning and Change of Meaning, with
		Special Reference to the {E}nglish Language},
  publisher = {Indiana University Press},
  year = {1968},
  address = {Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {semantic-change;}  
 } 

@book{ stern_j:2000a,
  author = {Josef Stern},
  title = {Metaphor in Context},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-19439-2},
  topic = {metaphor;}  
 } 

@book{ sternberg:1998a,
  editor = {Robert J. Sternberg},
  title = {The Nature of Cognition},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ sternefeld:1998a,
  author = {Wolfgang Sternefeld},
  title = {Reciprocity and Cumulative Predication},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {303--337},
  topic = {plural;reciprical-constructions;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stetina-etal:1998a,
  author = {Jiri Stetina and Sadao Kurohashi and Makoto Nagao},
  title = {General Word Sense Disambiguation Method Based
		on A Full Sentential Context},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {1--8},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;lexical-disambiguation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stevens:1959a,
  author = {Stanley S. Stevens},
  title = {Measurement, Psychophysics and Utility},
  booktitle = {Measurement: Definitions and Theories},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1959},
  editor = {C. West Churchman and Philburn Ratoosh},
  pages = {18--63},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {measurement-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ stevens:1981a,
  author = {Kent A. Stevens},
  title = {The Visual Interpretation of Surface Contours},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {47--73},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This article examines the computational problems underlying the
     3-D interpretation of surface contours.  A surface contour is the
     image of a curve across a physical surface, such as the edge of
     a shadow cast across a surface, a gloss contour, wrinkle, seam,
     or pigmentation marking.  Surface contours by and large are not
     as restricted as occluding contours and therefore pose a more
     difficult interpretation problem.  Nonetheless, we are adept at
     perceiving a definite 3-D surface from even simple line drawings
     (e.g., graphical depictions of continuous functions of two
     variables).  The solution of a specific surface shape comes by
     assuming that the physical curves are particularly restricted in
     their geometric relationship to the underlying surface.  These
     geometric restrictions are examined.  } ,
  topic = {three-D-reconstruction;visual-reasoning;line-drawings;}  
  } 

@book{ stevenson_cl:1944a,
  author = {Charles L. Stevenson},
  title = {Ethics and Language},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1944},
  address = {New Haven, Connecticut},
  contentnote = {Chapter III is titles "Some pragmatic aspects of meaning".
  	Among other things, it formulates a definition of speaker
	meaning.},
  contentnote = {	TC:
	1. Kinds of agreement and disagreement
	2. Working models
	3. Some pragmatic aspects of meaning
	4. First pattern of analysis
	5. First pattern: method
	6. Persuasion
	7. Validity
	8. Intrinsic and extrensic value
	9. Second pattern of analyis: persuasive definitions
       10. Second pattern: method
       11. Moralists and propagandists
       12. Some related theories
       13. Further observations on the function of definitions
       14. Avoidability: indeterminism
       15. Practical implications
 } ,
  topic = {ethics;philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;}
  	} 

@article{ stevenson_l:1973a,
  author = {Leslie Stevenson},
  title = {Relative Identity and {L}eibniz's Law},
  journal = {Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1973},
  pages = {155--158},
  missinginfo = {volume,number},
  topic = {identity;}  
  } 

@article{ stevenson_l:1973b,
  author = {Leslie Stevenson},
  title = {Frege's Two Definitions of Quantification},
  journal = {Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1973},
  pages = {207--223},
  missinginfo = {volume,number},
  topic = {Frege;substitutional-quantification;}  
  } 

@article{ stevenson_l:1977a,
  author = {Leslie Stevenson},
  title = {A Formal Theory of Sortal Quantification},
  journal = {{N}otre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {185--207},
  pages = {185--207},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {sortal-quantification;} 
  } 

@article{ stevenson_m-wilks:2001a,
  author = {Mark Stevenson and Yorik Wilks},
  title = {The Interaction of Knowledge Sources in Word Sense
  	Disambiguation},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {321--349},
  topic = {lexical-disambiguation;}  
  } 

@article{ stevenson_s:1998a,
  author = {Suzanne Stevenson},
  title = {Review of {\it The Architecture of the Language Faculty},
  	by {R}ay {J}ackendoff},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {652--655},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;foundations-of-linguistics;
  	cognitive-modularity;}  
 } 

@book{ steward:1997a,
  author = {Helen Steward},
  title = {The Ontology of Mind: Events, Processes, and States},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@book{ stewart_i-tall:1977a,
  author = {Ian Stewart and David Tall},
  title = {The Foundations of Mathematics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198531648},
  topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;}  
 } 

@book{ stewart_i:1990a,
  author = {Ian Stewart},
  title = {Does {G}od Play Dice?  The Mathematics Of Chaos},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {1557861064 (pbk.)},
  topic = {chaos-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ stich:1971a,
  author = {Stephen Stich},
  title = {What Every Speaker Knows},
  journal = {The Philosophicl Review},
  year = {1719},
  volume = {80},
  number = {4},
  pages = {476--496},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} 
  } 

@article{ stich:1972a,
  author = {Stephen P. Stich},
  title = {Grammar, Psychology, and Indeterminacy},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {69},
  number = {2},
  pages = {799--818},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ stich:1976a,
  author = {Steven P. Stich},
  title = {Davidson's Semantic Program},
  journal = {Canadian Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {201--227},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;Davidson-semantics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ stich:1977a,
  author = {Stephen P. Stich},
  title = {Competence and Indeterminacy},
  booktitle = {Testing Linguistic Hypotheses},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David Cohen and Jessica Worth},
  address = {New York},
  pages = {93--109},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ stich:1982a,
   author = {Steven Stich},
   title = {Review of `Beyond the Letter: A Philosophical Inquiry Into
   	Ambiguity, Vagueness and Metaphor in Language', by {I}srael
	{S}cheffler},
   journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
   year = {1982},
   volume = {5},
   number = {2},
   pages = {295--298},
   xref = {Review of: scheffler:1982a.},
   topic = {vagueness;ambiguity;nominalistic-semantics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ stich:1983a,
  author = {Stephen Stich},
  title = {From Folk Psychology to Cognitive Science:
             The Case Against Belief},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  year = {1983},
  topic = {folk-psychology;foundations-of-cognitive-science;belief;}  
    } 

@incollection{ stich-nichols:1995a,
  author = {Steven Stich and Shaun Nichols},
  title = {Second Thoughts on Simulation},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {87--108},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology;
  	mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stich-nichols:1995b,
  author = {Steven Stich and Shaun Nichols},
  title = {Folk Pyschology: Simulation or Tacit Theory?},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {123--158},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology;
  	mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@book{ stich:1996a,
  author = {Steven P. Stich},
  title = {Deconstructing the Mind},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ stickel:1982a,
  author = {Mark Stickel},
  title = {A Nonclausal Connection-Graph Resolution
		Theorem-Proving Program},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {229--233},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  acontenttnote= {Abstract: A new theorem-proving program, combining the use
  	of nonclausal resolution and connection graphs, is described.
	The use of nonclausal resolution as the inference system
	eliminates some of the redundancy and unreadability of
	clause-based systems. The use of a connection graph restricts
	the search space and facilitates graph searching for
	efficient deduction.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;}  
  } 

@techreport{ stickel:1984a,
  author = {Mark E. Stickel},
  title = {Automated Deduction by Theory Resolution},
  institution = {AI Center, SRI International},
  address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025},
  number = {340},
  year = {1984},
  TYPE= {Technical Note},
  topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ stickel:1985a,
  author = {Mark J. Stickel},
  title = {Automated Deduction by Theory Resolution},
  booktitle = {IJCAI 85, Proceedings of the Ninth International
 	Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi},
  pages = {455--458},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {theorem-proving;extensions-of-resolution;resolution;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ stickel:1986a,
  author = {Mark Stickel},
  title = {Schubert's Steamroller Problem: Formulations and Solutions},
  journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {89--101},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@techreport{ stickel:1987a,
  author = {Mark E. Stickel},
  title = {A Prolog Technology Theorem Prover:
  	Implementation by an Extended, {P}rolog Compiler},
  institution = {AI Center, SRI International},
  address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025},
  number = {382},
  year = {1987},
  topic = {abduction;logic-programming;}  
} 

@techreport{ stickel:1988a,
  author = {Mark Stickel},
  title = {A Prolog-Like Inference System for Computing Minimum-Cost
  	Abductive Explanations in Natural-Language Interpretation},
  institution = {AI Center, SRI International},
  address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025},
  number = {451},
  year = {1988},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stickel:1989a,
  author = {Mark Stickel},
  title = {Rationale and Methods for Abductive Reasoning in
  		Natural-Language Interpretation},
  booktitle = {Notes in Artificial Intelligence 48: Proceedings,
  	Natural Language and Logic, International Scientific
	Symposium},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {R.~Struder},
  pages = {233--252},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {abduction;discourse;nl-interpretation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ stickel:1989b1,
  author = {Mark Stickel},
  title = {A Prolog Technology Theorem Prover: A New Exposition and
  	Implementation in {P}rolog},
  institution = {AI Center, SRI International},
  address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025},
  number = {464},
  year = {1991},
  xref = {Journal publication: stickel:1989b2.},
  topic = {abduction;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@techreport{ stickel:1989c,
  author = {Mark E. Stickel},
  title = {The Path-Indexing Method For Indexing Terms},
  institution = {AI Center, SRI International},
  address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025},
  number = {473},
  year = {1989},
  acontentnote = {Abstract: The path-indexing method for indexing
  	first-order predicate calculus terms is a refinement of the standard
	coordinate-indexing method. Path indexing offers much faster
	retrieval at a modest cost in space. Path indexing is compared with
	discrimination-net and codeword indexing. While discrimination-net
	indexing may often be the preferred method for maximum speed, path
	indexing is an effective alternative if discrimination-net indexing
	requires too much space.},
  type= {Technical Note},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
} 

@article{ stickel:1992a,
  author = {Mark E. Stickel},
  title = {A {Prolog} Technology Theorem Prover:
  	A New Exposition and Implementation in {P}rolog},
  journal = {Theoretical Computer Science},
  volume = {104},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {109--128},
  xref = {Publication of stickel:1989b1.},
  topic = {abduction;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@techreport{ stickel:1993a,
  author = {Mark Stickel},
  title = {Upside-Down Meta-Interpretation of the Model Elimination
  	Theorem-Proving Procedure for Deduction and Abduction},
  institution = {SRI International},
  number = {525},
  year = {1993},
  address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@techreport{ stickel:1993b,
  author = {Mark E. Stickel},
  title = {Automated Theorem-Proving Research In The Fifth Generation
  	Computer Systems Project: Model Generation Theorem Provers},
  institution = {AI Center, SRI Center International},
  address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025},
  number = {523},
  year = {1993},
  topic = {theorem-proving;model-construction;}  
} 

@book{ stirling:1993a,
  author = {L. Stirling},
  title = {Switch-Reference and Discourse Representation},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {switch-reference;discourse-representation-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ stjohn-mcclelland:1990a,
  author = {Mark F. St. John and James L. McClelland},
  title = {Learning and Applying Contextual Constraints in Sentence
  	Comprehension},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {46},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {217--257},
  topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;}  
  } 

@book{ stock:1997a,
  editor = {Oliviero Stock},
  title = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
    contentnote = {TC:
     1. Laure Vieu, "Spatial Representation and Reasoning in
     	{AI}", pp. 5--41
     2. Alfonso Gerevini, "Reasoning about Time and Actions in
         {AI}", pp. 43--70
     3. Roberto Casati and Achille C. Varzi, "Spatial Entities", pp. 73--96
     4. Anthony G. Cohn and Brandon Bennett and John Gooday and
         Nicholas M. Gotts, "Representing and Reasoning with
         Qualitative Spatial Relations", pp. 97--134
     5. Andrew U. Frank, "Spatial Ontology", pp. 135--153
     6. Annette Herskovits, "Language, Spatial Cognition, and
         Vision", pp. 155--202
     7. James F. Allen and George Ferguson, "Actions and Events in
         Interval Temporal Logic", pp. 203--245
     8. Drew McDermott, "Probabilistic Projection in
         Planning", pp. 247--287
     9. Erik Sandewall, "Underlying Semantics for Action and Change
         with Ramification", pp. 289--318
    10. Anthony Galton, "Space, Time, and Movement", pp. 321--352
   } ,
  ISBN = {0792346440 (paper)},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ stocker:1986a,
  author = {Michael Stocker},
  title = {Akrasia and the Object of Desire},
  booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical
  	Psychology on the Concept of Wanting},
  publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joel Marks},
  pages = {197--215},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {akrasia;desire;}  
  } 

@article{ stockman:1979a,
  author = {G.C. Stockman},
  title = {A Minimax Algorithm Better Than Alpha-Beta?},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {179--196},
  topic = {search;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ stockmeyer-meyer:1973a,
  author = {L.J. Stockmeyer and A.R. Meyer},
  title = {Word Problems Requiring Exponential Time},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth Annual {ACM} Symposium on
  	Theory of Computing},
  year = {1973},
  organization = {ACM},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher, address, pages},
  topic = {complexity;}  
  } 

@book{ stogdill:1970a,
  editor = {Ralph M. Stogdill},
  title = {The Process Of Model-Building In The Behavioral Sciences},
  publisher = {Ohio State University Press},
  year = {1970},
  address = {COlumbus, Ohio},
  topic = {behavioral-science-methodology;} 
 } 

@article{ stoicke-etal:2000a,
  author = {Andreas Stoicke and Klaus Ries and Noah Coccaro
  	and Elizabeth Shriberg and Rebecca Bates and Daniel
	Jurafsky and Paul Taylor and Rachel Martin and
	Carol Van Ess-Dykema and Marie Meteer},
  title = {Dialogue Act Modeling for Automatic Tagging and
  	Recognition of Conversational Speech},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {339--373},
  topic = {speech-acts;computational-dialogue;statistical-nlp;
  	speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stojanovic:2001a,
  author = {Isodora Stojanovic},
  title = {Whom is the Problem of the Essential Indexical a Problem
  	for?},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {304--315},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;indexicality;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ stokhof-torenvliet:1990a,
  editor = {Martin Stokhof and Leen Torenvliet},
  title = {Proceedings of the Seventh {A}msterdam {C}olloquium},
  publisher = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information,
  	Universiteit van Amsterdam},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {9061962137},
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ stolboushkin:2000a,
  author = {Alexei P. Stolboushkin},
  title = {Review of {\it On Finite Rigid Structures}, by
  	{Y}uri {G}urevich and {S}haranon {S}helah},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {353--355},
  xref = {Review of gurevich-shelah:1996a.},
  topic = {finite-models;}  
  } 

@article{ stolcke:1995a,
  author = {Andreas Stolcke},
  title = {An Efficient Context-Free Parsing Algorithm that Computes
  	Prefix Probabilities},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {165--201},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ stolcke:1998a,
  author = {Andreas Stolcke},
  title = {Linguistic Knowledge and Empirical Methods in Speech
		Recognition},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {25--31},
  topic = {speech-recognition;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ stoljar:2000a,
  author = {Daniel Stoljar},
  title = {Physicalism and the Necessary A Priori},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--54},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stolzenburg-etal:1997a,
  author = {Frieder Stolzenburg and Stephan Ho"hne and Ulrich
            Koch and Martin Volk},
  title = {Constraint Logic Programming for
		   Computational Linguistics},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {406--425},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;constraint-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stolzenburg-thomas:1998a,
  author = {F. Stolzenburg and B. Thomas},
  title = {Analyzing Rule Sets for the
			Calculation of Banking Fees by a Theorem Prover with
			Constraints},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {III}, Applications},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ stone_g:1980a,
  author = {Gerald Stone},
  title = {An Introduction to {P}olish},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198158025},
  topic = {Polish-language;reference-grammars;}  
 } 

@article{ stone_jd:1976a,
  author = {John David Stone},
  title = {A Formalization of {G}each's Antinomy},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {203--207},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ stone_jd:1981a,
  author = {John David Stone},
  title = {Meaninglessness and Paradox: Some Remarks on
  	{G}oldstein's Paper},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {423--429},
  xref = {Comments on goldstein_l:1980a.  For discussion, see
  	goldstein_l:1981a.},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;truth-value-gaps;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ stone_m:1992a,
  author = {Matthew Stone},
  title = {\,`Or' and Anaphora},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{II}},
  editor = {Chris Barker and David Dowty},
  publisher = {Ohio State University},
  address = {Columbus},
  year = {1992},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {disjunction;anaphora;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ stone_m:1997a,
  author = {Matthew Stone},
  title = {Applying Theories of Communicative Action in Generation
  	Using Logic Programming},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative
	Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {134--135},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {David Traum},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;nl-generation;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ stone_m-doran:1997a,
  author = {Matthew Stone and Christine Doran},
  title = {Sentence Planning as Description Using Tree Adjoining
  	Grammar},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {198--205},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;TAG-grammar;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ stone_m:1998a,
  author = {Matthew Stone},
  title = {Modality in Dialogue: Planning, Pragmatics and
  	Computation},
  school = {Computer Science Department, University of Pennsylvania},
  year = {1998},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {modal-logic;theorem-proving;planning;epistemic-logic;
  	nl-generation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ stone_m-webber:1998a,
  author = {Matthew Stone and Bonnie Webber},
  title = {Textual Economy through Close Coupling of Syntax and
  	Semantics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {178--187},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;sentence-planning;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ stone_m:2001a,
  author = {Matthew Stone and Christine Doran and Bonnie Webber
  	and Tonia Bleam and Martha Palmer},
  title = {Microplanning with Communicative Intentions: The {SPUD} 
  	System},
  year = {2001},
  note = {Available at http://arXiv.org/archive/CS.},
  topic = {nl-generation;sentence-planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stone_m-thomason_rh:2002a,
  author = {Matthew Stone and Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Context in Abductive Interpretation},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {169--176},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {context;nl-interpretation;abduction;} 
  } 

@article{ stone_p-veloso:1999a,
  author = {Peter Stone and Manuela Veloso},
  title = {Task Decomposition, Dynamic Role Assignment, and
  	Low-Bandwidth Communication for Real-Time Strategic
	Teamwork},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {110},
  number = {2},
  pages = {241--273},
  topic = {multiagent-systems;cooperation;RoboCup;}  
  } 

@article{ stone_p-etal:2000a,
  author = {Peter Stone and Manuela Veloso and Patrick Riley},
  title = {{\sc Cmunited}-98 Simulator Team},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {20--28},
  topic = {robotics;RoboCup;}  
  } 

@article{ stone_p-etal:2000b,
  author = {Peter Stone and Patrick Riley and Manuela Veloso},
  title = {The {CMU}nited-99 Champion Simulator Team},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {33--40},
  topic = {RoboCup;robotics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stone_t-davies_m:1995a,
  author = {Tony Stone and Martin Davies},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone},
  pages = {1--18},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology;
  	mental-simulation-theory-of-folk-psychology;
	propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stonebraker:1984a,
  author = {Michael Stonebraker},
  title = {Adding Semantic Knowledge to a Relational Database System},
  booktitle = {On Conceptual Modelling:  Perspectives from Artificial
  	Intelligence, Databases and Programming Languages},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Michael L. Brodie and John Mylopoulos and Joachim W. Schmidt},
  pages = {333--356},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {databases;data-models;abstract-data-types;} 
  } 

@book{ stork:1997a,
  editor = {David G. Stork},
  title = {Hal's Legacy: 2001's Computer as Dream and Reality},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {social-impact-of-computation;popular-cs;}  
 } 

@article{ storr:2001a,
  author = {Hans-Peter St\"orr},
  title = {Planning in the Fluent Calculus Using Binary Decision
  	Diagrams},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {103--105},
  topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;}  
  } 

@book{ stout:1996a,
  author = {Rowland Stout},
  title = {Things That Happen Because They Should: A Teleological
                   Approach to Action},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@book{ stoy:1979a,
  author = {Joseph E. Stoy},
  title = {Denotational Semantics: The {S}cott-{S}trachey
  	Approach to Programming Language Theory},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1979},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {denotational-semantics;semantics-of-programming-languages;}  
 } 

@incollection{ stoyan:1991a,
  author = {Herbert Stoyan},
  title = {The Influence of the Designer on the
    	Design---{J}.{M}c{C}arthy and {LISP}},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {409--426},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {McCarthy;LISP;}  
  } 

@article{ straach-truemper:1999a,
  author = {Janell Straach and and Klaus Truemper},
  title = {Learning to Ask Relevant Questions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {111},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {301--327},
  topic = {expert-systems;HCI;machine-learning;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ straccia:1993a,
  author = {Umberto Straccia},
  title = {Default Inheritance in Hybrid {\sc KL-One}-Style
  	Languages},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {676--681},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;extensions-of-kl1;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ strahm:2002a,
  author = {Thomas Strahm},
  title = {Review of `How is it that Infinitary Methods Can be Applied to
  	Finitary Mathematics?  G\"odel's $T$: A Case Study', by 
	{A}ndreas {W}eiermann},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {435--436},
  xref = {Review of: weiermann:1998a},
  topic = {recursion-theory;infinitary-logic;proof-theory;} 
  } 

@book{ strauss-corbin:1998a,
  author = {Anselm Strauss and Juliet Corbin},
  title = {Basics of Qualitative Research},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1998},
  edition = {2},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  topic = {qualitative-methods;}  
 } 

@book{ strawson_g:1986a,
  author = {Galen Strawson},
  title = {Freedom and Belief},
  publisher = {Oxford},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Oxford, England},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
 } 

@article{ strawson_pf:1949a,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {Ethical Intuitionism},
  journal = {Philosophy},
  year = {1949},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {23--33},
  xref = {Republication: sellars-hospers:1952a.},
  topic = {ethics;}  
    } 

@article{ strawson_pf:1950a1,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {On Referring},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1950},
  volume = {59},
  pages = {320--344},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republications: strawson_pf:1950a2,strawson_pf:1950a3.},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;presupposition;pragmatics;}
  	} 

@incollection{ strawson_pf:1950a2,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {On Referring},
  booktitle = {Essays in Conceptual Analysis},
  publisher = {Macmillam},
  year = {1960},
  editor = {Antony Flew},
  pages = {21--52},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Republication of: strawson_pf:1950a1.},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;presupposition;pragmatics;}
  	} 

@incollection{ strawson_pf:1950a3,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {On Referring},
  booktitle = {Logico-Linguistic Papers},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Peter F. Strawson},
  pages = {1--27},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Republication of: strawson_pf:1950a1.},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;presupposition;pragmatics;}
  	} 

@article{ strawson_pf:1950b1,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {Truth},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1950},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {129--156},
  note = {Supplementary Volume.},
  xref = {Republication: strawson_pf:1950b2.},
  topic = {truth;}   
 } 

@incollection{ strawson_pf:1950b2,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {Truth},
  booktitle = {Logico-Linguistic Papers},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Peter F. Strawson},
  pages = {190--213},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Republication of: strawson_pf:1950a2.},
  topic = {truth;}  
  } 

@book{ strawson_pf:1952a,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {Introduction to Logical Theory},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1952},
  address = {London},
  topic = {philosophy-of-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ strawson_pf:1953a2,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {Particular and General},
  booktitle = {Logico-Linguistic Papers},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Peter F. Strawson},
  pages = {28--52},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Republication of: strawson_pf:1953a1.},
  topic = {particular/universal;metaphysics;}  
  } 

@article{ strawson_pf:1954a,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {A Reply to Mr. Sellars},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1954},
  volume = {216--231},
  pages = {216--231},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ strawson_pf:1959a,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {Individuals: An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1959},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Commentary: moravcsik:1965a.},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;individuation;}  
 } 

@article{ strawson_pf:1961a1,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {Singular Terms and Predication},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1961},
  volume = {43},
  number = {15},
  pages = {393--412},
  xref = {Republication: strawson_pf:1961a2.},
  topic = {predication;particular/universal;}  
  } 

@article{ strawson_pf:1964a1,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {Intention and Convention in Speech Acts},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {59},
  pages = {439--460},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: strawson_pf:1964a2.},
  topic = {speech-acts;speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ strawson_pf:1964a2,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {Intention and Convention in Speech Acts},
  booktitle = {Logico-Linguistic Papers},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Peter F. Strawson},
  pages = {149--169},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Republication of: strawson_pf:1964a1.},
  topic = {speech-acts;speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ strawson_pf:1964b1,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {Identifying Reference and Truth-Values},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {96--118},
  xref = {Republication: strawson_pf:1964b2, strawson_pf:1964b3.},
  topic = {reference;definite-descriptions;philosophy-of-language;} 
  } 

@incollection{ strawson_pf:1964b2,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {Identifying Reference and Truth-Values},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {86--99},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Republication of: strawson:1964a1.},
  topic = {reference;definite-descriptions;} 
  } 

@incollection{ strawson_pf:1964b3,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {Identifying Reference and Truth-Values},
  booktitle = {Logico-Linguistic Papers},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Peter F. Strawson},
  pages = {75--95},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Republication of: strawson_pf:1964b1.},
  topic = {reference;definite-descriptions;philosophy-of-language;} 
  } 

@article{ strawson_pf:1965a,
  author = {Peter Strawson},
  title = {Truth: A Reconsideration of {A}ustin's Views},
  journal = {Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {289--301},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {truth;propositional-attitudes;truth-bearers;JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@incollection{ strawson_pf:1965a2,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {Truth: A Reconsideration of {A}ustin's Views},
  booktitle = {Logico-Linguistic Papers},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Peter F. Strawson},
  pages = {234--249},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Republication of: strawson_pf:1965a1.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;truth;}  
  } 

@article{ strawson_pf:1969a1,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {Grammar and Philosophy},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society, New Series},
  year = {1969--70},
  volume = {70},
  pages = {1--20},
  xref = {Republication: strawson_pf:1953a2.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;philosophy-and-linguistics;}   
 } 

@incollection{ strawson_pf:1969a2,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {Grammar and Philosophy},
  booktitle = {Logico-Linguistic Papers},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Peter F. Strawson},
  pages = {130--148},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Republication of: strawson_pf:1969a1.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;philosophy-and-linguistics;}   
  } 

@book{ strawson_pf:1971a,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {Logico-Linguistic Papers},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1971},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0416090109},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. "On Referring", pp. 1--27 
     2. "Particular and General", pp. 28--52
     3. "Singular Terms and Predication", pp. 53--74 
     4. "Identifying Reference and Truth-Values", pp. 75--95
     5. "The Asymmetry of Subjects and Predicates", pp. 96--115
     6. "Propositions, Concepts, and Logical Truths", pp. 116--129
     7. "Grammar and Philosophy", pp. 130--148
     8. "Intention and Convention in Speech Acts", pp. 149--169
     9. "Meaning and Truth", pp. 170--189
    10. "Truth", pp. 190--213
    11. "A Problem about Truth", pp. 214--233
    12. "Truth: A Reconsideration of {A}ustin's Views", pp. 234--249
  } ,
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@incollection{ strawson_pf:1971b,
  author = {Peter Strawson},
  title = {Meaning and Truth},
  booktitle = {Logico-Linguistic Papers},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  address = {London},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Peter Strawson},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;truth;}  
  } 

@incollection{ strawson_pf:1972a,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {Grammar and Philosophy},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {455--472},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-syntax;}  
  } 

@incollection{ strawson_pf:1973a,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {Austin and `Locutionary Meaning'\, } ,
  booktitle = {Essays on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Isiah Berlin et al.},
  pages = {46--68},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ strawson_pf:1976a,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {On Understanding the Structure of One's
     		Language},
  booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell},
  pages = {162--188},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {adverbs;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ strawson_pf:1979a,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {May Bes and Might Have Beens},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second
		{J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Avishai Margalit},
  pages = {229--238},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ strawson_pf:1986a,
  author = {Peter F. Strawson},
  title = {`{I}f' and `$\supset$'},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {228--242},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-logic;conditionals;Grice;}  
  } 

@article{ strawson_pf:1990a,
  author = {Peter Strawson},
  title = {Review of {\it Studies in the Way of Words}, by
  	{P}aul {G}rice},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {84},
  number = {1},
  pages = {153--161},
  topic = {Grice;implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ strawson_pf:1997a,
  author = {Peter Strawson},
  title = {Meaning and Context},
  booktitle = {Entity and Identity (and Other Languages)},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Peter Strawson},
  pages = {216--231},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {context;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ strazolkowski:1994a,
  editor = {Tomek Strazolkowski},
  title = {Reversible Grammar in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;nl-processing;}  
 } 

@incollection{ strecker-etal:1998a,
  author = {M. Strecker et al.},
  title = {Interactive and Automated Construction in Type Theory},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ strevens:2000a,
  author = {Michael Strevens},
  title = {Do Large Probabilities Explain Better?},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {366--390},
  topic = {probability;explanation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ strigin:1995a,
  author = {Anatol Strigin},
  title = {Abductive Inference During Update: The {G}erman
		Preposition {\em mit}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {310--327},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;dynamic-semantics;abduction;German-language;}  
  } 

@article{ strobach:1998a,
  author = {Niko Strobach},
  title = {Logik f\"ur die {S}eeschlacht--Mogliche {S}pielzuge},
  journal = {Zeitschrift fur philosophische {F}orschung},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {52},
  number = {1},
  pages = {105--119},
  acontentnote = {Abstract: A combined temporal and modal logic (CTML)
     may be more plausible than tense logic with branching time for
     dealing with the problem of future contingents, known since
     Aristotle as the problem of the future sea-battle. Depending on
     the position one takes with regard to future contingents one may
     choose between several alternative semantics for CTML: a
     two-valued one with strong F-operator (for future tense), a
     two-valued one with weak F and a three-valued one with strong F.
     Their relations with a weak and strong correspondence conception
     of truth are discussed as well as the way in which each of them
     avoids determinism, concluding that a weak F-operator in a
     two-valued system in combination with a weak conception of truth
     is systematically the most attractive option.  } ,
  topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ stroik:1999a,
  author = {Thomas Stroik},
  title = {Middles and Reflexivity},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {30},
  number = {1},
  pages = {119--131},
  topic = {argument-structure;middle-constructions;
  	reflexive-constructions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ stroll:1986a,
  author = {Avrun Stroll},
  title = {Seeing Surfaces},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {379--398},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {perception;epistemology;}  
  } 

@article{ stroll:1998a,
  author = {Avrum Stroll},
  title = {Proper Names, Names, and Fictive Objects},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {95},
  number = {10},
  pages = {522--534},
  topic = {reference-gaps;semantics-of-proper-names;}  
  } 

@article{ strom-darden:1996a,
  author = {John D. Strom and Lindley Darden},
  title = {Is Artificial Intelligence a Degenerating Program?
  	A Review of {H}ubert {D}reyfus' {\it What Computers Still
	Can't Do} } ,
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {80},
  number = {1},
  pages = {151--170},
  xref = {Review of dreyfus:1992a.},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ stroud:1991a,
  author = {Barry Stroud},
  title = {Hume's Skepticism:  Natural Instincts and Philosophical
  	Reflection},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {271--291},
  topic = {skepticism;Hume;}  
  } 

@article{ stroup:1968a,
  author = {Timothy Stroup},
  title = {Austin on `Ifs'\, } ,
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {77},
  number = {305},
  pages = {104--108},
  xref = {Commentary: williams_cjf:1971a, stroup:1974a.},
  topic = {conditionals;JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@article{ stroup:1974a,
  author = {Timothy Stroup},
  title = {\,`Ifs' Again},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {83},
  number = {329},
  pages = {111},  
  xref = {Reply to williams_cjf:1971a, commentary on stroup:1968a.},
  topic = {conditionals;JL-Austin;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ strube-hahn_u:1996a,
  author = {Michael Strube and Udo Hahn},
  title = {Functional Centering},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {270--277},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {anaphora;discourse;centering;anaphora-resolution;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ strube-hahn_u:1999a,
  author = {Michael Strube and Udo Hahn},
  title = {Functional Centering---Grounding Referential
		Coherence in Information Structure},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {3},
  pages = {309--344},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse-referents;}  
  } 

@book{ strzalkowski:1994a,
  editor = {Tomek Strzalkowski},
  title = {Reversible Grammar in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Kluwer Acadmic Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Boston},
  ISBN = {079239416X},
  xref = {Review: pulman:1995a.},
  topic = {reversible-grammar;nl-processing;}  
 } 

@book{ strzalkowski:1999a,
  editor = {Tomek Strzalkowski},
  title = {Natural Language Information Retrieval},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-7923-5685-3},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1.  K.S. Jones, "What is the Role of NLP in Text Retrieval?"
     2. C. Jacquemin, E. Tzoukermann, "NLP for Term Variant
     	Extraction: Synergy Between Morphology, Lexicon, and Syntax"
     3. G. Ruge, "Combining Corpus Linguistics and Human Memory
     	Models for Automatic Term Association"
     4. A.F. Smeaton, "Using NLP or NLP Resources for Information
     	Retrieval Tasks"
     5. T. Strzalkowski, et al, "Evaluating Natural Language
     	Processing Techniques in Information Retrieval"
     6. J. Karlgren and E. Riloff and J.  Lorenzen. "Stylistic
        Experiments in Information Retrieval.
        Extraction-Based Text Categorization: Generating
        Domain-Specific Role Relationships Automatically"
     8. Y. Wilks, R. Gaizauskas, and J. Zhou, "Lasie Jumps the Gat.
        Phrasal Terms in Real-World IR Applications"
     10. P. Thompson, C. Dozier, "Name Recognition and Retrieval
     	 Performance"
     11. J. Cowie, "Collage: An NLP Toolset to Support Boolean
     	 Retrieval"
     12. L. Guthrie, et al, "Document Classification and Routing"
     13. J. Kupiec, "Murax: Finding and Organizing Answers from Text
       	 Search"
     14. M. Hearst, "The Use of Categories and Clusters for Organizing
     	Retrieval Results"
  	},
  ISBN = {079235685-3},
  xref = {Review: corstenoliver:2000a.},
  topic = {information-retrieval;nl-processing;computational-linguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ stuart_cj:1986a,
  author = {Christopher J. Stuart},
  title = {Branching Regular Expressions and Multi-Agent Plans},
  booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky},
  pages = {161--187},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  contentnote = {The idea is to develop a logic allowing concurrent
  	actions that has good computational properties.},
  topic = {action-formalisms;concurrent-actions;}  
  } 

@book{ stuart_r:1996a,
  author = {Rory Stuart},
  title = {The Design of Virtual Environments},
  publisher = {New York: McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1996},
  address = {New},
  ISBN = {0070632995 (h)},
  topic = {virtual-reality;}  
 } 

@book{ stubbs:1976a,
  author = {Michael Stubbs},
  title = {Language, Schools and Classrooms},
  publisher = {Methuen},
  year = {1976},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0416315900},
  topic = {classroom-language;}  
 } 

@book{ stubbs:1980a,
  author = {Michael Stubbs},
  title = {Language and Literacy : The Sociolinguistics of Reading And
    Writing},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1980},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0710004265},
  topic = {sociolinguistics;reading;writing;}  
 } 

@book{ stubbs:1983a,
  author = {Michael Stubbs},
  title = {Discourse Analysis : The Sociolinguistic Analysis of Natural
    Language},
  address = {Oxford},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1983},
  ISBN = {0631103813},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;}  
 } 

@book{ stubbs:1996a,
  author = {Michael Stubbs},
  title = {Text and Corpus Analysis: Computer-Assisted Studies of
  	Language and Culture},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631195114},
  topic = {text-linguistics;language-and-culture;corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ stuber:1998a,
  author = {J. Stuber},
  title = {Superposition Theorem Proving for Commutsative
			Rings},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {III}, Applications},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ stuckardt:2001a,
  author = {Roland Stuckardt},
  title = {Design and Enhanced Evaluation of a Robust Anaphora
  	Resolution Algorithm},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {4},
  pages = {479--506},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;} 
  } 

@article{ stucky:1989a,
  author = {Susan U. Stucky},
  title = {The Situated Processing of Situated Language},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {347--357},
  topic = {context;nl-processing;}  
  } 

@article{ stump:1984a,
  author = {Gregory Stump},
  title = {Two Approaches to Predictive Indeterminacy},
  journal = {Linguistics},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {811--829},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {phonology;} 
  } 

@incollection{ stump_e-fischer_jm:2000a,
  author = {Eleonore Stump and John Martin Fischer},
  title = {Transfer Principles and Moral Responsibility},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {47--55},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ stump_gt:1978a,
  author = {Gregory T. Stump},
  title = {An Interpretive Approach to Common-Noun Anaphora},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, the Ohio State University.},
  topic = {anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ stump_gt:1981a,
  author = {Gregory T. Stump},
  title = {The Interpretation of Frequency Adjectives},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {221--257},
  topic = {nl-semantics;semantics-of-frequency-adjectives;
  	adjectives;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ stump_gt:1985a,
  author = {Gregory T. Stump},
  title = {The Semantic Variability of Absolute Constructions},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  title = {Diagnosing Tree-Structured Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {127},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--29},
  topic = {diagnosis;model-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ sturm:1997a,
  author = {Holger Sturm},
  title = {Review of {\it First Steps in Modal Logic}, by'
  	{S}ally {P}opkorn},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {105--106},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ sturm:2000a,
  author = {Holger Sturm},
  title = {Elementary Classes in Basic Modal Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {59},
  number = {2},
  pages = {193--213},
  topic = {modal-logic;model-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ sturm-wolter:2001a,
  author = {Holger Sturm and Frank Wolter},
  title = {First-Order Expressivity for {S5}-Models: Modal
  	Versus Two-Sorted Languages},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {6},
  pages = {571--591},
  topic = {modal-logic;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ subrahmanian_vs:1999a,
  author = {V.S. Subrahmanian},
  title = {Interactive {M}aryland Platform for Agents Collaborating
  		Together},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {cooperation;artificial-societies;}  
  } 

@incollection{ subramanian_d-woodfill:1989a,
  author = {Devika Subramanian and John Woodfill},
  title = {Making Situation Calculus Indexical},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {467--474},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;context;situation-calculus;planning-formalisms;indexicals;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ subramanian_d-etal:1997a,
  author = {Devika Subramanian and Russell Greiner and Judea Pearl},
  title = {The Relevance of Relevance (Editorial)},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {97},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--5},
  topic = {relevance;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sucar-etal:1991a,
  author = {L. Enrique Sucar and Duncan F. Gillies and Donald A. Gillies},
  title = {Handling Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Computer Vision},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {328--332},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;computer-vision;}  
  } 

@article{ sucar-etal:1993a,
  author = {L. Enrique Sucar and Duncan F. Gillies and Duncan A.
  	Gillies},
  title = {Objective Probabilities in Expert Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {187--208},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;expert-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ suchenek:2000a,
  author = {Marek A. Suchenek},
  title = {Review of {\it Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, by {G}rigoris
  	{A}ntoniou},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {484--489},
  xref = {Review of antoniou:1997a.},
  topic = {default-logic;autoepistemic-logic;circumscription;
  	nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ suchman:1987a,
  author = {L.A. Suchman},
  title = {Plans and Situated Action: The Problem of
  	Human-Machine Interaction},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ sudnow:1972a,
  editor = {D. Sudnow},
  title = {Studies in Social Interaction},
  publisher = {Free Press},
  year = {1972},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {ethnomethodology;sociolinguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ suermondt-cooper:1991a,
  author = {H. Jacques Suermondt and Gregory F. Cooper},
  title = {Initialization For the Method of Conditioning in {B}ayesian
  	Belief Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {50},
  number = {1},
  pages = {83--94},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;conditioning-methods;}  
  } 

@article{ suganuma:1991a,
  author = {Yoshinori Suganuma},
  title = {Learning Structures of Visual Patterns from Single
  	Instances},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {50},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--36},
  topic = {machine-learning;computer-vision;structure-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ sugihara:1979a,
  author = {Kokichi Sugihara},
  title = {Range-Data Analysis Guided by a Junction Dictionary},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--69},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A knowledge-guided system for the analysis of range data about
     three-dimensional scenes with planar and/or curved objects is
     presented.  Inputs to the system are range data originated with
     real scenes, and outputs are the concise descriptions (i.e.,
     organized structures of vertices, edges and faces) of objects,
     which are useful for object identification and machine
     manipulation.  A ``junction dictionary'' is constructed to
     represent the general knowledge about the physical nature of the
     three-dimensional objects world, and the system uses the
     dictionary for the feature extraction and the feature
     organization.  At each step of the analysis the system consults
     the dictionary to predict positions, orientations and physical
     types of missing edges.  Those predictions enable the system to
     decide where and what kind of edges to search for as well as to
     decide how to organize the extracted features into a reasonable
     description.  Experiments show satisfactory system performance.
  } ,
  topic = {computer-vision;spatial-reasoning;range-data;
  	shape-recognition;three-D-reconstruction;}  
  } 

@article{ sugihara:1984a,
  author = {Kokichi Sugihara},
  title = {An Algebraic Approach to Shape-from-Image Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {59--95},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper presents a new method for recovering
     three-dimensional shapes of polyhedral objects from their
     single-view images. The problem of recovery is formulated in a
     constrained optimization problem, in which the constraints
     reflect the assumption that the scene is composed of polyhedral
     objects, and the objective function to be minimized is a
     weighted sum of quadric errors of surface information such as
     shading and texture.  For practical purpose it is decomposed
     into the two more tractable problems: a linear programming
     problem and an unconstrained optimization problem.  In the
     present method the global constraints placed by the polyhedron
     assumption are represented in terms of linear algebra, whereas
     similar constraints have usually been represented in terms of a
     gradient space.  Moreover, superstrictness of the constraints
     can be circumvented by a new concept `position-free incidence
     structure'.  For this reason the present method has several
     advantages: it can recover the polyhedral shape even if image
     data are incorrect due to vertex-position errors, it can deal
     with perspective projection as well as orthographic projection,
     the number of variables in the optimization problem is very
     small (three or a little greater than three), and any kinds of
     surface information can be incorporated in a unifying manner.
   } ,
  topic = {computer-vision;shape-recognition;linear-programming;
  	shape-recognition;three-D-reconstruction;
	reasoning-about-perspective;}  
  } 

@article{ sullivan:2000a,
  author = {Peter M. Sullivan},
  title = {Review of {\it Frege: Importance and Legacy}, by
  	{M}atthias {S}chirn},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {109},
  number = {4},
  pages = {648--652},
  xref = {Review of: schirn:1996a},
  topic = {Frege;}  
  } 

@article{ sullivan_d:1991a,
  author = {David Sullivan},
  title = {Frege on the Cognition of Objects},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {245--268},
  topic = {Frege;}  
  } 

@book{ sullivan_jw-tyler_sw:1991a,
  editor = {Joseph W. Sullivan and Sherman W. Tyler},
  title = {Intelligent User Interfaces},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.},
  year = {1991},
  address = {New},
  ISBN = {0201503050},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ sullivan_p:1992a,
  author = {Peter Sullivan},
  title = {The Functional Model of Sentential Complexity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--108},
  topic = {Frege;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ sumi-etal:1997a,
  author = {Yasuyuki Sumi and Koichi Hori and Setsuo Ohsuga},
  title = {Computer-Aided Thinking by Mapping Text-Objects into
  	Metric Spaces},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {91},
  number = {1},
  pages = {71--84},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper presents a system for computer-aided thinking.  We
     propose the idea of reflecting the mental world indirectly into
     a metric space to support such human thinking activities as
     externalizing and forming new ideas.  We use a method that maps
     text-objects into metric spaces for visualizing a user's thought
     space structure.  Text-objects imply fragments of a user's idea,
     which have several keywords given by him/her.  Spaces composed of
     text-objects are configured in the way "the higher the mutual
     relevance between a pair of text-objects is, the closer the
     text-objects are mapped".  The relevance values among
     text-objects are calculated due to co-occurrence of their
     keywords.  Results of experiments with our implemented system,
     named CAT1 (computer-aided thinking, version 1), show that users
     of the system can get effective stimuli for further thinking in
     creative concept formation.  The paper also discusses the
     potential application of CAT1 to collaborative work by groups of
     people.  } ,
  topic = {concept-formation;visualization;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ sun:1995a,
  author = {Ron Sun},
  title = {A Microfeature Based Approach Towards Metaphor
  	Interpretation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {424--429},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ sun_r:1995b,
  author = {Ron Sun},
  title = {Robust Reasoning: Integrating Rule-Based
  	and Similarity-Based Reasoning},
  Journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {75},
  number = {2},
  pages = {241--295},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The paper attempts to account for common patterns in commonsense
     reasoning through integrating rule-based reasoning and
     similarity-based reasoning as embodied in connectionist models.
     Reasoning examples are analyzed and a diverse range of patterns
     is identified.  A principled synthesis based on simple rules and
     similarities is performed, which unifies these patterns that
     were before difficult to be accounted for without specialized
     mechanisms individually.  A two-level connectionist architecture
     with dual representations is proposed as a computational
     mechanism for carrying out the theory.  It is shown in detail how
     the common patterns can be generated by this mechanism.  Finally,
     it is argued that the brittleness problem of rule-based models
     can be remedied in a principled way, with the theory proposed
     here.  This work demonstrates that combining rules and
     similarities can result in more robust reasoning models, and
     many seemingly disparate patterns of commonsense reasoning are
     actually different manifestations of the same underlying process
     and can be generated using the integrated architecture, which
     captures the underlying process to a large extent.  } ,
  topic = {connectionist-models;common-sense-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ sundholm:1983a,
  author = {G\"oran  Sundholm},
  title = {Constructions, Proofs and the Meaning of the Logical
  	Constants},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {151--172},
  topic = {constructive-mathematics;mathematical-constructions;proof-theory;
  	logical-constants;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sundholm:1983b,
  author = {G\o"ran Sundholm},
  title = {Systems of Deduction},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {I}:
  	Elements of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {133--188},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ sundholm:1986a,
  author = {G\"oran Sundholm},
  title = {Proof Theory and Meaning},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}:
  	Alternatives in Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {471--506},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {proof-theory;proof-theoretic-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ sundholm:1997a,
  author = {G\"oran Sundholm},
  title = {Implicit Epistemic Aspects of Constructive Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {191--212},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;constructive-mathematics;
  	foundations-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ suner:1993a,
  author = {Margarita Su\~ner},
  title = {Indexicals and Deixis},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {1},
  pages = {45--77},
  topic = {indexicals;demonstratives;}  
  } 

@book{ suppes:1957a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {Introduction to Logic},
  publisher = {Van Nostrand},
  year = {1957},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  xref = {Review: church_a:1957a.},
  topic = {logic-intro;}  
 } 

@incollection{ suppes-zinnes:1963a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes and J. Zinnes},
  title = {Basic Measurement Theory},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Mathematical Psychology, Volume 1},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1963},
  editor = {R. Duncan Luce and Robert Bush and Eugene Galanter},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {pages,author's 1st name},
  topic = {measurement-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ suppes:1970a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {A Probabilistic Theory of Causation},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1970},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {causality;}  
 } 

@techreport{ suppes:1971a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {Semantics of Context-Free Fragments of Natural Languages},
  institution = {Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social
  		Sciences},
  number = {171},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {nl-semantics;context-free-grammars;} 
  } 

@incollection{ suppes:1972a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {Probabilistic Grammars for Natural Languages},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {741--762},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;nl-statistics;}  
  } 

@article{ suppes:1973a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {Congruence of Meaning},
  journal = {Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical
  	Association},
  year = {1973},
  pages = {21--38},
  xref = {Superseded by Part I of suppes:1991a.},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ suppes:1976a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {Elimination of Quantifiers in the Semantics of Natural
  	Language by Use of Extended Relation Algebras},
  journal = {Revue Internationale de Philosophie},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {243--259},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {combinatory-logic;nl-semantics;cylindrical-algebra;}  
  } 

@article{ suppes-zanotti:1976a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes Mario Zanotti},
  title = {Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for the Existence
  	of a Unique Measure Strictly Agreeing with a Qualitative
	Probability Ordering},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {431--438},
  topic = {measurement-theory;qualitative-probability;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ suppes-macken:1977a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes and Elizabeth Macken},
  title = {Steps Towards a Variable-Free Semantics of Attributive
  	Adjectives},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University.},
  topic = {combinatory-logic;nl-semantics;adjectives;predication;}  
  } 

@incollection{ suppes:1980a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {Variable-Free Semantics with Remarks on Procedural Extensions},
  booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Brain},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erbaum Associates},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {Thomas W. Simon and Robert J. Scholes},
  address = {Hillsdale, N.J.},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {combinatory-logic;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ suppes:1984a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {Conflicting Intuitions about Causality},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {151--168},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@article{ suppes:1984b,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {A Puzzle about Responses and Congruences of Meaning},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {58},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39--50},
  topic = {intensionality;hyperintensionality;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ suppes:1986a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {The Primacy of Utterer's Meaning},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {109--129},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Chapter 4 of suppes:1991a.},
  contentnote = {Defense of Grice's account of meaning against misc
  		criticisms, including one of Chomsky's.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;Grice;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ suppes:1991a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {Language for Humans and Robots},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:  Part I:   Congruence of Meaning
  				PS' generalization of synonymy.
		 Part II:  Psychology of children's language
		 Part III: Variable-free semantics
		 Part IV:  Robots
  } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;Grice;
  	psycholinguistics;nl-semantics;
	machine-language-learning;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ suppes-etal:1996a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes and Mochael B\"ottner and Lin Liang},
  title = {Machine Learning Comprehension Grammars for Ten
  	Languages},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {329--350},
  topic = {machine-learning;language-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ suppes-etal:1998a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes and Michael B\"ottner and Lin Liang},
  title = {Machine Learning of Physics Word Problems},
  booktitle = {Computing Natural Language},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl},
  pages = {151--164},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {machine-learning;language-learning;}  
  } 

@techreport{ surav-akman:1995a,
  author = {Mehmet Surav and Varol Akman},
  title = {Modeling Context with Situations},
  institution = {Laboratoire Formes et Intelligence Artificielle,
  	Institut Blaise Pascal, Universit\'{e} Paris VI},
  number = {LAFORIA 95/11},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Paris},
  note = {Working Notes of the International Joint Conference on
  	{AI} 1995 Workshop on Modeling Context in Knowledge
	Representation and Reasoning.},
  topic = {context;situation-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ surendonk:1997a,
  author = {Timothy J. Surendonk},
  title = {Canonicity for for Intensional Logics Without Iterative
  	Axioms},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {4},
  pages = {391--409},
  topic = {modal-logic;completeness-proofs;neighborhood-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ surendonk:1998a,
  author = {Timothy J. Surendonk},
  title = {On Isomorphisms between Canonical Frames},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {249--268},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ surendonk:2001a,
  author = {Timothy J. Surendonk},
  title = {Canonicity for Intensional Logics with Even Axioms},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {66},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1141--1156},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ suri-etal:1999a,
  author = {Linda Z. Suri and Kathleen F. McCoy and Jonathan
		D. DeCristofaro},
  title = {A Methodology for Extending Focusing Frameworks},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {173--194},
  topic = {centering; anaphora-resolution;nlp-algorithms;}  
  } 

@book{ sussman:1975a,
  author = {Gerald Jay Sussman},
  title = {A Computer Model of Skill Acquisition},
  publisher = {American Elsevier Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0444001638},
  topic = {skill-acquisition;cognitive-modeling;}  
 } 

@article{ sussman-steele_gl:1980a,
  author = {Gerald Jay Sussman and Guy Lewis {Steele Jr.}},
  title = {{CONSTRAINTS}---A Language for Expressing
  	Almost-Hierarchical Descriptions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--39},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We present an interactive system organized around networks of
     constraints rather than the programs which manipulate them.  We
     describe a language of hierarchical constraint networks.  We
     describe one method of deriving useful consequences of a set of
     constraints which we call propagation.  Dependency analysis is
     used to spot and track down inconsistent subsets of a constraint
     set.  Propagation of constraints is most flexible and useful
     when coupled with the ability to perform symbolic manipulations
     on algebraic expressions.  Such manipulations are in turn best
     expressed as alterations or augmentations of the constraint
     network.
       Almost-Hierarchical Constraint Networks can be constructed to
     represent the multiple viewpoints used by engineers in the
     synthesis and analysis of electrical networks.  These multiple
     viewpoints are used in terminal equivalence and power arguments
     to reduce the apparent synergy in a circuit so that it can be
     attacked algebraically.  } ,
  topic = {constraint-networks;}  
  } 

@article{ sutcliffe:1991a,
  author = {Geoff Sutcliffe},
  title = {Compulsory Reduction in Linear Derivation Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {50},
  number = {1},
  pages = {131--132},
  topic = {linear-derivation-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ sutcliffe-suttner:2001a,
  author = {Geoff Sutcliffe and Christian Suttner},
  title = {Evaluating General Purpose Automated Theorem Proving Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {131},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {39--54},
  topic = {theorem-proving;AI-system-evaluation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ suthers:1990a,
  author = {Daniel D. Suthers},
  title = {Reassessing Rhetorical Abstractions and Planning
  	Mechanisms},
  booktitle = {Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language
  	Generation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {137--143},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;pragmatics;}  
} 

@article{ sutton-etal:1999a,
  author = {Richard S. Sutton and Doina Precup and Satinder Singh},
  title = {Between {MDP}s and semi-{MDP}s: A Framework for Temporal
  	Abstraction in Reinforcement Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {112},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {181--211},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Learning, planning, and representing knowledge at multiple
     levels of temporal abstraction are key, longstanding challenges
     for AI.  In this paper we consider how these challenges can be
     addressed within the mathematical framework of reinforcement
     learning and Markov decision processes (MDPs).  We extend the
     usual notion of action in this framework to include options
     ---closed-loop policies for taking action over a period of
     time.  Examples of options include picking up an object, going
     to lunch, and traveling to a distant city, as well as primitive
     actions such as muscle twitches and joint torques.  Overall, we
     show that options enable temporally abstract knowledge and
     action to be included in the reinforcement learning framework in
     a natural and general way.  In particular, we show that options
     may be used interchangeably with primitive actions in planning
     methods such as dynamic programming and in learning methods such
     as Q-learning.  Formally, a set of options defined over an MDP
     constitutes a semi-Markov decision process (SMDP), and the
     theory of SMDPs provides the foundation for the theory of
     options.  However, the most interesting issues concern the
     interplay between the underlying MDP and the SMDP and are thus
     beyond SMDP theory.  We present results for three such cases: (1)
     we show that the results of planning with options can be used
     during execution to interrupt options and thereby perform even
     better than planned, (2) we introduce new intra-option methods
     that are able to learn about an option from fragments of its
     execution, and (3) we propose a notion of subgoal that can be
     used to improve the options themselves.  All of these results
     have precursors in the existing literature; the contribution of
     this paper is to establish them in a simpler and more general
     setting with fewer changes to the existing reinforcement
     learning framework.  In particular, we show that these results
     can be obtained without committing to (or ruling out) any
     particular approach to state abstraction, hierarchy, function
     approximation, or the macro-utility problem.
 } ,
  topic = {reinforcement-learning;Markov-decision-processes;
  	hierarchical-planning;temporal-reasoning;abstraction;}  
  } 

@article{ suzuki_ny:1997a,
  author = {Nobu-Yuki Suzuki},
  title = {Kripke Frame with Graded Accessibility and Fuzzy
		Possible World Semantics},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {2},
  pages = {249--269},
  topic = {modal-logic;fuzzy-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ suzuki_y-etal:1998a,
  author = {Yasuhito Suzuki and Frank Wolter and Michael
  	Zakharyaschev},
  title = {Speaking about Transitive Frames in Propositional
  	Languages},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {317--339},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ svartvik-quirk:1980a,
  editor = {Jan Svartvik and Randolph Quirk},
  title = {A Corpus of {E}nglish Conversation},
  publisher = {C.W.K. Gleerup},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Lund},
  ISBN = {9140047407},
  topic = {corpus;}  
 } 

@book{ swain_m:1970a,
  editor = {Marshall Swain},
  title = {Induction, Acceptance, and Rational Belief},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1970},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {induction;foundations-of-probability;}  
 } 

@book{ swan_oe:1983a,
  author = {Oscar E. Swan},
  edition = {2},
  title = {A Concise Grammar of {P}olish},
  publisher = {University Press of America},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  ISBN = {0819130176, 0819130184 (pbk.).},
  topic = {Polish-language;reference-grammars;}  
 } 

@article{ swanson-smallheiser:1997a,
  author = {Don R. Swanson and Neil R. Smallheiser},
  title = {An Interactive System for Finding Complementary
  	Literatures:  A Stimulus to Scientific Discovery},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {91},
  number = {2},
  pages = {183--203},
  topic = {intelligent-information-retrieval;}  
  } 

@article{ swartout:1983a,
  author = {William Swartout},
  title = {{XPLAIN}: A System for Creating and Explaining Expert
  	Consulting Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {285--325},
  topic = {kr;explanation;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ sweet_a:1999a,
  author = {Albert Sweet},
  title = {Local Semantic Closure},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {5},
  pages = {509--528},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;metalinguistic-hierarchies;}  
  } 

@book{ sweet_h:1898a,
  author = {Henry Sweet},
  title = {New {E}nglish Grammar, Part {II}},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1898},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {descriptive-grammar;English-language;
  	linguistics-classic;}  
 } 

@book{ swift_j:1963a,
  author = {Jonathan Swift},
  title = {Polite Conversation},
  publisher = {A. Deutsch},
  year = {1963},
  address = {London},
  note = {With introd., notes, and extensive
    commentary by Eric Partridge.  Published in 1788 under title: A
    complete collection of gentrel
    and Ingenious conversation, according to the most polite mode and
    method now used at court, and in the best companies of England.},
  topic = {politeness;conversation;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ swift_t-etal:1994a,
  author = {Terrance Swift and C. Henderson and R. Holberger and J. Murphey
          and E. Neham},
  title = {CCTIS: An Expert Transaction Processing System},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Industrial
     Applications of Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {131--140},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st names},
  topic = {expert-systems;kr;}  
  } 

@incollection{ swinburne:1986a,
  author = {Richard Swinburne},
  title = {The Indeterminism of Human Actions},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {431--449},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {action;(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@article{ swirydowicz:1999a,
  author = {Kazimierz \'Swirydowicz},
  title = {Review of {\it Being Good and Being Logical:
        Philosophical Groundwork for a New Deontic Logic}, by {J}ames
	{W}. {F}orrester},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {63},
  number = {2},
  pages = {276--280},
  xref = {Review of: forrester:1996a.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ swoyer:1984a,
  author = {Chris Swoyer},
  title = {Causation and Identity},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {593--622},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;personal-identity;identity;}  
  } 

@article{ swoyer:1991a,
  author = {Chris Swoyer},
  title = {Structural Representation and Surrogative Reasoning},
  journal = {Synthese},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {87},
  pages = {449--508},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {diagrammatic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ swoyer:1998a,
  author = {Chris Swoyer},
  title = {Complex Predicates and Logics for Properties and
  	Relations},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {295--325},
  topic = {property-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ swoyer:2001a,
  author = {Chris Swoyer},
  title = {Review of {\it The New Dialectic: Conversational Contexts
  	of Argument} and {\it Ad Hominem Arguments}, by {D}ouglas {W}alton},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {2},
  pages = {291--295},
  xref = {Review of: walton_d:1998a, walton_d:1998b.},
  topic = {informal-logic;fallacies;rhetoric;}  
  } 

@article{ sycara:1998a,
  author = {Katia P. Sycara},
  title = {The Many Faces of Agents},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {11--12},
  topic = {autonomous-agents;}  
  } 

@article{ sycara:1998b,
  author = {Katia P. Sycara},
  title = {Multiagent Systems},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {79--92},
  topic = {autonomous-agents;artificial-societies;}  
  } 

@incollection{ syerson:1994a,
  author = {Pauf F. Syerson},
  title = {An Epistemic Logic of Situations},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {109--121},
  address = {San Francisco},
  contentnote = {This is a more or less situation-theoretic treatment.},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ sylvan:1996a,
  author = {Richard Sylvan},
  title = {Other Withered Stumps of Time},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {111--130},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ szabo_me:1969a,
  editor = {M.E. Szabo},
  title = {The Collected Papers of {G}erhard {G}entzen},
  publisher = {North Holland},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  year = {1969},
  topic = {proof-theory;logic-classics;}  
    } 

@article{ szabo_zg:1997a,
  author = {Zolt\'an Gendler Szab\'o},
  title = {Review of {\it Knowledge of Language}, by Richard Larson and
		{G}abriel {S}egal},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {106},
  number = {1},
  pages = {122--124},
  xref = {Review of larson_rl-segal:1995a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ szabo_zg:2000a,
  author = {Zolt\'an Gendler Szab\'o},
  title = {Compositionality as Supervenience},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {5},
  pages = {475--505},
  topic = {compositionality;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ szabolcsi:1997a,
  editor = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  title = {Ways of Scope Taking},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	A. Szabolski, Background Notions in Lattice Theory and
		Generalized Quantifiers
	F. Beghelli and D. Ben-Shalom and A. Szabolski, Variation,
		Distributivity, and the Illusion of Branching
	F. Beghelli and T. Stowell, Distributivity and Negation: The
		Syntax of Each and Every
	A. Szabolski, Strategies for Scope Taking
	E. Stabler, Computing Quantifier Scope
	D. Farkas, Evaluation Indices and Scope
	A. Szabolski and Frans Zwarts, Weak Islands and an Algebraic
		Semantics for Scope Taking
	J. Doetjes and M. Honcoop, The Semantics of Event-Based
		Readings: A Case for Pair-Quantification
	A. Szabolski, Quantifiers in Pair-List Readings
	F. Beghelli, The Syntax of Distributivity and Pair-List Readings
	J. Rexach, Questions and Generalized Quantifiers
  } ,
  xref = {Review: mcnally:1999a.},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;generalized-quantifiers;nl-semantics;}
  	} 

@incollection{ szabolcsi:1997b,
  author = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  title = {Background Notions in Lattice Theory and Generalized Quantifiers},
  booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  pages = {1--27},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ szabolcsi-zwarts:1997a,
  author = {Anna Szabolcsi and Frans Zwarts},
  title = {Weak Islands and an Algebraic Semantics for Scope Taking},
  booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  pages = {217--262},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ szabolski:1997c,
  author = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  title = {Strategies for Scope Taking},
  booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  pages = {109--154},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ szabolski:1997d,
  author = {Anna Szabolski},
  title = {Quantifiers in Pair-List Readings},
  booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  pages = {311--347},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ szczerba:1997a,
  author = {Marek Szczerba},
  title = {Representation Theorems for Residuated Groupoids},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {426--434},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ szolovits-pauker:1978a,
  author = {Peter Szolovits and Stephen G. Pauker},
  title = {Categorical and Probabilistic Reasoning in Medical
  	Diagnosis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {115--144},
  topic = {diagnosis;medical-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ szolovits-pauker:1993a,
  author = {Peter Szolovits and  Stephen G. Pauker},
  title = {Categorial and Probabilistic Reasoning in
  	Medicine Revisited},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {167--180},
  xref = {Retrospective commentary on szolovits-pauker:1978a.},
  topic = {diagnosis;medical-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ taboada:1997a,
  author = {Maite Taboada},
  title = {Improving Translation through Contextual Information},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {510--515},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-translation;context;}  
 } 

@incollection{ taboada:2002a,
  author = {Maite Taboada},
  title = {Centering and Pronominal Reference: In Dialogue, in
  	{S}panish},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {177--184},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;centering;Spanish-language;} 
  } 

@article{ tadepalli-ok:1998a,
  author = {Prasad Tadepalli and Do{K}eyong Ok},
  title = {Model-Based Average Reward Enforcement Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {100},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {177--224},
  topic = {machine-learning;bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@article{ tait:1983a,
  author = {William W. Tait},
  title = {Against Intuitionism: Constructive Mathematics is Part of
  	Classical Mathematics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {173--195},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;intuitionistic-mathematics;
  	constructive-mathematics;}  
  } 

@book{ tait:1997a,
  editor = {William W. Tait},
  title = {Early Analytic Philosophy: {F}rege, {R}ussell, {W}ittgenstein.
    Essays In Honor of Leonard Linsky},
  publisher = {Open Court},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0812693434 (cloth : alk. paper)},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@article{ tait:1999a,
  author = {William W. Tait},
  title = {Review of {\em The Logic of Provability},
		by {G}eorge {B}oolos},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {1},
  pages = {50--54},
  topic = {modal-logic;provability-logic;goedels-second-theorem;}  
  } 

@article{ tajine-elizondo:1998a,
  author = {M. Tajine and D. Elizondo},
  title = {Growing Methods for Constructing Recursive
  	Deterministic Perceptron Neural Networks and
	Knowledge Extraction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {102},
  number = {2},
  pages = {295--322},
  topic = {connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ takenobu-etal:1995a,
  author = {Tokunaga Takenobu and Iwayama Makoto and Tanaka Hozumi},
  title = {Automatic Thesaurus Construction Based on Grammatical
  	Relations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1308--1313},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {thesaurus-construction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ takenobu-etal:1997a,
  author = {Tokunaga Takenobu and Fujii Atsushi and Iwauama Makoto and
     		Sakurai Naoyuki and Tanaka Hozumi},
  title = {Extending a Thesaurus by Classifying Words},
  booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of
  	Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari
  	and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks},
  pages = {16--21},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {thesaurus-construction;statistical-nlp;word-classification;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ takeuti:1998a,
  author = {Gaisi Takeuti},
  title = {Incompleteness Theorems and $S^i_2$ Versus $S^{i+1}_2$},
  booktitle = {Logic Colloquium '96: Proceedings of the COlloquium
  	Held in {S}an {S}ebasti\'an, {S}pain, {J}uly 9--15, 1996},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {J.M. Larrazabal and D. Lascar and G. Mints},
  pages = {247--261},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  xref = {Review: beckman_a:2002a},
  topic = {bounded-arithmetic;P=NP-problem;} 
  } 

@article{ takeuti:2000a,
  author = {Gaisi Takeuti},
  title = {G\"odel Sentences of Unbounded Arithmetic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  pages = {1338--1346},
  xref = {Review: beckman_a:2002a},
  topic = {bounded-arithmetic;P=NP-problem;} 
  } 

@incollection{ talcutt:1991a,
  author = {Carolyn Talcutt},
  title = {Binding Structures},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {427--448},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {variable-binding;abstract-data-types;}  
  } 

@article{ talja:1980a,
  author = {Jari Talja},
  title = {A Technical Note on {L}ars {L}indal's {\it Position and
  	Change}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {167--183},
  topic = {logic-and-law;}  
  } 

@article{ talmadge:1997a,
  author = {Catherine Talmadge},
  title = {Meaning and Triangulation},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {139--145},
  contentnote = {Meaning and community.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ talmadge:1997b,
  author = {Catherine J.L. Talmadge},
  title = {Is There a Division of Linguistic Labour?},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {421--434},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;reference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ talmy:1976a,
  author = {Leonard Talmy},
  title = {Semantic Causative Types},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics, Volume 6. The Grammar of
  	Causative Constructions},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Masayoshi Shibatani},
  pages = {43--116},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {nl-causatives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ talmy:1983a,
  author = {Leonard Talmy},
  title = {How Language Structures Space},
  booktitle = {Spatial Orientation: Theory, Research and Application},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Herbert L. Pick, Jr. and Linda P. Acredolo},
  pages = {225--282},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {spatial-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ talmy:1985a,
  author = {Leonard Talmy},
  title = {Lexicalization Patterns: Semantic Structures in in Lexical Forms},
  booktitle = {Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume 3.
  	Grammatical Categories and the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Timothy Shopen},
  pages = {57--149},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ talmy:2000a,
  author = {Leonard Talmy},
  title = {Toward a Cognitive Semantics: Concept Structuring Systems},
  volume = {1},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-20120-8},
  xref = {Review: allen_k:2001a},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ talmy:2000b,
  author = {Leonard Talmy},
  title = {Toward a Cognitive Semantics: Typology and Process in
  	Concept Structuring},
  volume = {2},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-20121-6},
  xref = {Review: allen_k:2001a},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;lexical-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ tambe-rosenbloom:1994a,
  author = {Milind Tambe and Paul S. Rosenbloom},
  title = {Investigating Production system Representations for
  	Non-Combinatorial Match},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {155--199},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Eliminating combinatorics from the match in production systems
     (or rule-based systems) is important for expert systems,
     real-time performance, machine learning (particularly with
     respect to the utility issue), parallel implementations and
     cognitive modeling.  In [74], the unique-attribute
     representation was introduced to eliminate combinatorics from
     the match.  However, in so doing, unique-attributes engender a
     sufficiently negative set of trade-offs, so that investigating
     whether there are alternative representations that yield better
     trade-offs becomes of critical importance.
      This article identifies two promising spaces of such
     alternatives, and explores a number of the alternatives within
     these spaces.  The first space is generated from local syntactic
     restrictions on working memory.  Within this space,
     unique-attributes is shown to be the best alternative possible.
     The second space comes from restrictions on the search performed
     during the match of individual productions (match-search).  In
     particular, this space is derived from the combination of a new,
     more relaxed, match formulation (instantiationless match) and a
     set of restrictions derived from the constraint-satisfaction
     literature.  Within this space, new alternatives are found that
     outperform unique-attributes in some, but not yet all, domains.},
  topic = {rule-based-reasoning;expert-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tambe:1996a,
  author = {Milind Tambe},
  title = {Parallelism Matters},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {213--217},
  topic = {computer-architectures;parallel-processing;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ tambe:1998a,
  author = {Milind Tambe},
  title = {Agent Architectures for Flexible, Practical Teamwork},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan},
  pages = {22--28},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {coordination;agent-architectures;}  
  } 

@article{ tambe-etal:1999a,
  author = {Miland Tambe and Jafar Adabi and Yaser Al-Onaizan and Ali
  	Erden and Gal A. Kaminka and Stacy C. Marsella and Ion Muslea},
  title = {Building Agent Teams Using an Explicit Teamwork Model and
  	Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {110},
  number = {2},
  pages = {215--239},
  topic = {multiagent-systems;multiagent-learning;RoboCup;}  
  } 

@article{ tambe-jung:1999a,
  author = {Miland Tambe and Hyuckchul Jung},
  title = {The Benefits of Arguing in a Team},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {85--92},
  topic = {negotiation;coordination;}  
  } 

@article{ tambe-etal:2000a,
  author = {Miland Tambe and Taylor Raines and Stacy Marsella},
  title = {Agent Assistants for Team Analysis},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {27--31},
  topic = {RoboCup;robotics;}  
  } 

@article{ tammet:1994a,
  author = {Tanel Tammet},
  title = {Proof Strategies in Linear Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {273--304},
  topic = {theorem-proving;linear-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tan_sw-pearl:1994a,
  author = {Sek-Wah Tan and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Specification and Evaluation of Preferences Under Uncertainty},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {530--539},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;preferences;qualitative-utility;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ tan_sw-pearl:1994b,
  author = {Sekwah Tan and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Qualitative Decision Theory},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf},
  pages = {928--933},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tan_sw-pearl:1994c,
  author = {Sekwah Tan and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Specification and Evaluation of Preferences Under
  	Uncertainty},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {530--539},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;preferences;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ tan_sw-pearl:1995a,
  author = {Sek-Wah Tan and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Specificity and Inheritance in Default Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1480--1486},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;specificity;probability-semantics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ tan_t-werlang:1988a,
  author = {Tommy Tan and Sergio R.D.C. Werlang},
  title = {A Guide to Knowledge and Games},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {163--177},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;game-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tan_yh-vandertorre:1996a,
  author = {Yaohua Tan and Leendert W.N. {van der Torre}},
  title = {How to Combine Ordering and Minimizing in a Deontic
  	Logic Based on Preferences},
  booktitle = {Deontic Logic, Agency and Normative Systems:
  	$\Delta${EON}'96, Third International Workshop on Deontic
	Logic in Computer Science, Sesimbra, Portugal, 11--13 January
	1996},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Mark A. Brown and Jos\'e Carmo},
  pages = {216--232},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {deontic-logic;preferences;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tanaka_k1:1998a,
  author = {Keiko Tanaka},
  title = {The {J}apanese Adverbial {\it yahiri} or {\it yappari}},
  booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida},
  pages = {23--46},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {relevance-theory;Japanese-language;}  
  } 

@article{ tanaka_k2:2001a,
  author = {Koji Tanaka},
  title = {Review of {\it Reasoning with Logic Programming}, by
  	{J}os\'e {J}ulio {A}lferes and {L}u\'is {M}oniz {P}ereira},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {118--120},
  xref = {Review of alferes-pereira_lm:1996a.},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ tanaka_k2:2001b,
  author = {Koji Tanaka},
  title = {Review of {\it Mental Logic}, by {M}artin {D}.{S}. {B}raine and
  	{D}avid {P}. {O}'{B}rian},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {68},
  number = {2},
  pages = {299--300},
  xref = {Review of: braine-obrian:1998a.},
  topic = {logic-and-cognition;}  
  } 

@article{ tanakaishii-etal:2000a,
  author = {Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii and Ian Frank and Katsuto Arai},
  title = {Trying to Understand RoboCup},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {19--24},
  topic = {robotics;RoboCup;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ tanenhaus-etal:1996a,
  author = {Michael K. Tanenhaus and Michael J. Spivey-Knowlton and
  	Kathleen M Eberhard and Julie C. Sedivy and Paul D. Allopenna
	and James S. Magnuson},
  title = {Using Eye Movements to Study Spoken Language
  	Comprehension: Evidence for Incremental Interpretation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {48--54},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {parsing-psychology;nl-comprehension-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ tannsjo:1989a,
  author = {Torbj{\"o}rn T{\"a}nnsj{\"o}},
  title = {The Morality of Collective Actions},
  journal = {The Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {221--228},
  topic = {group-action;}  
    } 

@book{ tanz:1980a,
  author = {Christine Tanz},
  title = {Studies in the Acquisition of Deictic Terms},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {deixis;L1-acquisition;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ tappenden:1990a,
  author = {Jamie Tappenden},
  title = {Review of `Truth, Vagueness, and Paradox', by
  	{V}ann {M}c{G}ee},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1},
  pages = {142--144},
  topic = {vagueness;truth;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ tappenden:1993a,
  author = {Jamie Tappenden},
  title = {The Liar and Sorites Paradoxes: Towards a Unified Account},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {90},
  number = {11},
  pages = {551--577},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ tappenden:1993b,
  author = {Jamie Tappenden},
  title = {Analytic Truth---It's Worse (or Perhaps Better) than
  	You Thought},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {223--261},
  topic = {analyticity;}  
  } 

@article{ tappenden:1995a,
  author = {Jamie Tappenden},
  title = {Extending Knowledge and `Fruitful Concepts': Fregean Themes
  	in the Philosophy of Mathematics},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {29},
  number = {4},
  pages = {427--467},
  topic = {Frege;philosophy-of-mathematics;definitions;}  
  } 

@article{ tappenden:1995b,
  author = {Jamie Tappenden},
  title = {Geometry and Generality in {F}rege's Philosophy of
  	Arithmetic},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {102},
  pages = {319--361},
  topic = {Frege;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ tappenden:1996a,
  author = {Jamie Tappenden},
  title = {Negation, Denial and Language Change in Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University
  	of Pittsbugh.  Forthcoming in What is Negation, Dov Gabbay, ed.,
	Kluwer.},
  topic = {negation;semantic-paradoxes;truth-value-gaps;}  
  } 

@article{ tappenden:2001a,
  author = {Jamie Tappenden},
  title = {Recent Work in the Philosophy of Mathematics},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {98},
  number = {9},
  note = {Review of {\it Naturalism in Mathematics}, by {P}enelope
  	{M}addy, {\it Philosophy of Mathematics: Structure and
	Ontology}, by {S}tewart {S}hapiro, and {\it Mathematics as a
	Science of Patterns}, by {M}ichael {R}esnik.},
  pages = {488--497},
  xref = {Review of: maddy:1997a, shapiro_s1:1997a, resnik:1997a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ tappert-dixon_nr:1974a,
  author = {C.C. Tappert and N.R. Dixon},
  title = {A Procedure for Adaptive Control of the
  	Interaction between Acoustic Classification and Linguistic
	Decoding in Automatic Recognition of Continuous Speech},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {95--113},
  topic = {speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tarau-dahl_v:1994a,
  author = {Paul Tarau and Veronica Dahl},
  title = {Logic Programming and Logic
    		Grammars with First-Order Continuations},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {215--230},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-program-synthesis;}  
  } 

@article{ tarski:1936a,
  author = {Alfred Tarski},
  title = {Der {W}ahrheitsbegriff {i}n {d}en {f}ormalizierten {S}prachen},
  journal = {Studia Philosophica},
  year = {1936},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {261--405},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;truth;logic-classic;semantic-paradoxes;}  
 } 

@article{ tarski:1939a,
  author = {Alfred Tarski},
  title = {On Undecidable Statements in Enlarged Systems of Logic
  	and the Concept of Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1939},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {105--112},
  topic = {truth;(in)completeness;}  
  } 

@book{ tarski-etal:1953a,
  author = {Alfred Tarski and A. Mostowski and Raphael Robinson},
  title = {Undecidable Theories},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1953},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {undecidability;}  
 } 

@article{ tarski:1955a,
  author = {Alfred Tarski},
  title = {A Lattice-Theoretic Fixpoint Theorem and Its Applications},
  journal = {Pacific Journal of Mathematics},
  year = {1955},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {285--309},
  topic = {lattice-theory;fixpoints;}  
  } 

@book{ tarski:1956a,
  author = {Alfred Tarski},
  title = {Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1956},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {translated by J.H. Woodger},
  topic = {logic-classics;}  
 } 

@article{ tarski-givant:1999a,
  author = {Alfred Tarski and Steven Givant},
  title = {Tarski's System of Geometry},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {175--214},
  note = {A letter written originally ca. 1978.},
  topic = {formalizations-of-geometry;}  
  } 

@article{ taschek:1993a,
  author = {William W. Taschek},
  title = {Review of {\it Unreality: The Metaphysics
  	of Fictional Objects}, by {C}harles {C}rittenden},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {102},
  number = {4},
  pages = {608--611},
  xref = {Review of: crittenden:1991a},
  topic = {fiction;logic-of-existence;}  
  } 

@article{ taschek:1998a,
  author = {William W. Taschek},
  title = {On Ascribing Beliefs: Content in Context},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {95},
  number = {7},
  pages = {323--353},
  topic = {context;pragmatics;Pierre-puzzle;}  
  } 

@book{ tauber-ackermann_d:1991a,
  editor = {M.J. Tauber and D. Ackermann},
  title = {Mental Models and Human-Computer Interaction 2},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444886028},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ taylor_b:1976a,
  author = {Barry Taylor},
  title = {States of Affairs},
  booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell},
  pages = {263--284},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {propositions;philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@article{ taylor_b:1977a,
  author = {Barry Taylor},
  title = {Tense and Continuity},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--220},
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;aktionsarten;}  
  } 

@incollection{ taylor_ccw:1986a,
  author = {C.C.W. Taylor},
  title = {Emotions and Wants},
  booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical
  	Psychology on the Concept of Wanting},
  publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joel Marks},
  pages = {217--231},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {emotions;desires;philosophical-psychology;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ taylor_cn:1992a,
  author = {C.N. Taylor},
  title = {A Formal Logical Analysis of Causal Relations},
  school = {Sussex University},
  year = {1992},
  type = {D.Phil Thesis.},
  address = {Brighton},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  note = {Also available as Sussex University Cognitive Science Research
  	Paper No.~257.},
  topic = {causality;}  
 } 

@book{ taylor_d-armstrong_d:1998a,
  author = {Dave Taylor and James C. Armstrong},
  title = {Teach Yourself {UNIX} in 24 Hours},
  publisher = {Sams},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Indianapolis},
  ISBN = {067231480-0},
  topic = {operating-system-manual;UNIX;}  
 } 

@article{ taylor_ka:1988a,
  author = {Kenneth A. Taylor},
  title = {We've Got You Coming and Going},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {493--513},
  topic = {indexicals;deixis;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ taylor_kj:1998a,
  editor = {Kenneth A. Taylor},
  title = {Truth and Meaning: An Introduction to the Philosophy of
		Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ taylor_m:1987a,
  author = {Michael Taylor},
  title = {The Possibility of Cooperation},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521327938},
  topic = {cooperation;political-science;}  
 } 

@book{ taylor_mm-etal:1989a,
  editor = {Michael M. Taylor and F. N\'eel and and Don G. Bouwhuis},
  title = {The Structure of Multimodal Dialogue, Volume 1},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444874216},
  topic = {multimodal-communication;computational-dialogue;}  
 } 

@book{ taylor_mm-etal:2000a,
  editor = {Michael M. Taylor and F. N\'eel and and Don G. Bouwhuis},
  title = {The Structure of Multimodal Dialogue, Volume 2},
  publisher = {John Benjamins},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {1556197624 (US, Hb)},
  topic = {multimodal-communication;computational-dialogue;}  
 } 

@article{ taylor_r:1957a,
  author = {Richard Taylor},
  title = {The Problem of Future Contingency},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1957},
  volume = {1957},
  number = {66},
  pages = {1--28},
  topic = {future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ taylor_r:1960a,
  author = {Richard Taylor},
  title = {I Can},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {69},
  pages = {78--89},
  number = {1},
  topic = {ability;}  
  } 

@article{ taylor_r:1962a,
  author = {Richard Taylor},
  title = {Fatalism},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {71},
  number = {1},
  pages = {56--66},
  xref = {Commentary: brown_cd:1965a, sharvy:1964a, cahn:1964a.  
  		Also see: taylor:1964a.},
  topic = {(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@book{ taylor_r:1963a,
  author = {Richard Taylor},
  title = {Metaphysics},
  publisher = {Prentics-Hall},
  year = {1963},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  topic = {metaphysics;}  
 } 

@article{ taylor_r:1964a,
  author = {Richard Taylor},
  title = {Deliberation and Foreknowledge},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--8},
  topic = {(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@article{ taylor_r:1964b,
  author = {Richard Taylor},
  title = {Comment},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {62},
  number = {10},
  pages = {305--307},
  xref = {Commentary on: sharvy:1964a, cahn:1964a.},
  topic = {(in)determinism;}   
  } 

@book{ taylor_r:1966a,
  author = {Richard Taylor},
  title = {Action and Purpose},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1966},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  topic = {action;intention;freedom;volition;}  
 } 

@book{ taylor_rn-coutaz:1995a,
  author = {Richard N. Taylor and Jo\"elle Coutaz},
  title = {Software Engineering and Human-Computer Interaction:
  	{ICSE}'94 Workshop on {SE-HCI}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540590080 (paper)},
  topic = {HCI;software-engineering;}  
 } 

@article{ taylor_t:2001a,
  author = {Tim Taylor},
  title = {Review of {\it Introduction to Artificial Life,} 
  	by {C}hristoph {A}dami},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {130},
  number = {1},
  pages = {119--121},
  xref = {Review of: adami:1998a.},
  topic = {artificial-life;}  
  } 

@article{ teahan-etal:2000a,
  author = {W.J. Teahan and Yingying Wen and Rodger McNab and Ian H.
  	Witten},
  title = {A Compression-Based Algorithm for {C}hinese Word
  	Segmentation},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {375--393},
  topic = {word-segmentation;Chinese-language;}  
  } 

@article{ tecuci-etal:2001a,
  author = {Gheorghe Tecuci and Mihai Boicu and Mike Bowman and
  	Dorin Marcu},
  title = {An Innovative Application from the {DARPA} Knowledge
  	Bases Programs: Rapid Development of a Course-of-Action
	Critiquer},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {43--61},
  topic = {software-engineering;expert-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ teege:1994a,
  author = {Gunnar Teege},
  title = {Making the Difference: A Subtraction Operation for
  	Description Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {540--550},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ teich:1999a,
  author = {Elke Teich},
  title = {Systemic Functional Grammar in Natural Language 
  	Generation: Linguistic Description and Computational
	Representation},
  publisher = {Cassell},
  year = {1999},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0-304-70168-8},
  xref = {Review: wilcock:2000a.},
  topic = {systemic-grammar;nl-generation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ teichmann:1996a,
  author = {Roger Teichmann},
  title = {Statements of Property-Identity and Event-Identity},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {461--476},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {propositions;events;identity;}  
  } 

@article{ teller:2000a,
  author = {Virginia Teller},
  title = {Review of {\it Speech and Language Processing: An
  	Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational
	Linguistics, and Speech Recognition}, by {D}aniel {J}urafsky and
	{J}ames {H}. {M}artin},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {638--641},
  xref = {Review of: jurafsky-martin_j:2000a.},
  topic = {nlp-intro;}  
  } 

@article{ teller:2001a,
  author = {Paul Teller},
  title = {The Ins and Outs of Counterfactual Switching},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {35},
  number = {3},
  pages = {365--393},
  topic = {foundations-of-quantum-theory;individuation;
  	quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@article{ teller_a-veloso:2000a,
  author = {Astro Teller and Manuela Veloso},
  title = {Internal Reinforcement in a Connectionist Genetic
  	Programming Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {120},
  number = {2},
  pages = {165--198},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Genetic programming (GP) can learn complex concepts by searching
     for the target concept through evolution of a population of
     candidate hypothesis programs. However, unlike some learning
     techniques, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), GP does
     not have a principled procedure for changing parts of a learned
     structure based on that structure's performance on the training
     data.  GP is missing a clear, locally optimal update procedure,
     the equivalent of gradient-descent backpropagation for ANNs.
     This article introduces a new algorithm, "internal
     reinforcement", for defining and using performance feedback on
     program evolution.  This internal reinforcement principled
     mechanism is developed within a new connectionist representation
     for evolving parameterized programs, namely "neural
     programming". We present the algorithms for the generation of
     credit and blame assignment in the process of learning programs
     using neural programming and internal reinforcement. The article
     includes a comprehensive overview of genetic programming and
     empirical experiments that demonstrate the increased learning
     rate obtained by using our principled program evolution
     approach.
 } ,
  topic = {machine-learning;genetic-algorithms;connectionist-modeling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ teller_i:1999a,
  author = {Isabelle Teller},
  title = {Towards a Semantic-Based Theory of Language Learning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {217--222},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {language-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ teller_p:1976a,
  author = {Paul Teller},
  title = {Conditionalization, Observation, and Change of Preference},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Probability Theory, Statistical
  	Inference, and Statistical Theories of Science, Volume 1},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishers},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Clifford A. Hooker},
  pages = {205--259},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;preferece;}  
  } 

@incollection{ teller_p:2000a,
  author = {Paul Teller},
  title = {The Gauge Argument},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S466--S481},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;gauge-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tellier:1998a,
  author = {Isabelle Tellier},
  title = {Syntactico-Semantic Learning of Categoriacal
    		Grammars},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {311--314},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {grammar-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ temizsoy-ciceki:1998a,
  author = {Murai Temizsoy and Hyas Ciceki},
  title = {A Language-Independent System for Generating Feature
  	Structures from Interlingua Representations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {188--197},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;machine-translation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tencate:2002a,
  author = {Balder ten Cate},
  title = {On the Logic of D-Separation},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {568--577},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;Bayessian-networks;} 
  } 

@article{ tenenbaum-barrow:1977a,
  author = {J.M. Tenenbaum and H.G. Barrow},
  title = {Experiments in Interpretation-Guided Segmentation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {241--274},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper presents a new approach for integrating the
     segmentation and interpretation phases of scene analysis.
     Knowledge from a variety of sources is used to make inferences
     about the interpretations of regions, and regions are merged in
     accordance with their possible interpretations.
      The deduction of region interpretations is performed using a
     generalization of Waltz's filtering algorithm.  Deduction
     proceeds by eliminating possible region interpretations that are
     not consistent with any possible interpretation of an adjacent
     region.  Different sources of knowledge are expressed uniformly
     as constraints on the possible interpretations of regions.
     Multiple sources of knowledge can thus be combined in a
     straightforward way such that incremental additions of knowledge
     (or equivalently, human guidance) will effect incremental
     improvements in performance.
      Experimental results are reported in three scene domains,
     landscapes, mechanical equipment, and rooms, using,
     respectively, a human collaborator, a geometric model and a set
     of relational constraints as sources of knowledge.  These
     experiments demonstrate that segmentation is much improved when
     integrated with interpretation.  Moreover, the integrated
     approach incurs only a small computational overhead over
     unguided segmentation.
      Applications of the approach in cartography,
     photointerpretation, vehicle guidance, medicine, and motion
     picture analysis are suggested.  } ,
  topic = {scene-reconstruction;autonomous-vehicles;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ tenenberg:1988a,
  author = {Josh D. Tenenberg},
  title = {Abstraction in Planning},
  school = {Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester},
  year = {1988},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Rochester, New York},
  topic = {planning;abstraction;}  
 } 

@incollection{ tenenberg:1989a,
  author = {Josh D. Tenenberg},
  title = {Inheritance in Automated Planning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {475--485},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;inheritance;abstraction;planning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ tenhacken-bopp:1998a,
  author = {Pius ten Hacken and Stephan Bopp},
  title = {Separable Verbs in a Reusable Morphological Dictionary for
  	{G}erman},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {471--475},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {German-language;separable-verbs;
  	computational-lexicography;}  
 } 

@book{ tennant:1981a,
  author = {Harry Tennant},
  title = {Natural Language Processing: An Introduction to an
  	Emerging Technology},
  publisher = {PBI},
  year = {1981},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0894331000},
  topic = {nl-processing;nlp-intro;} 
 } 

@book{ tennant_hr:1981a,
  author = {Harry R. Tennant},
  title = {Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Petrocelli Books},
  year = {1981},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {nlp-intro;}  
 } 

@article{ tennant_n:1977a,
  author = {Neil Tennant},
  title = {Continuity and Identity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {223--231},
  topic = {individuation;}  
  } 

@article{ tennant_n:1980a,
  author = {Niel Tennant},
  title = {A Proof-Theoretic Approach to Entailment},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {185--209},
  topic = {relevance-logic;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ tennant_n:1981a,
  author = {Neil Tennant},
  title = {Formal Games and Forms for Games},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  missinginfo = {pages   pages = {311--}},
  topic = {ambiguity;nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;
  	semantic-underspecification;}  
  } 

@article{ tennant_n:1986a,
  author = {Neil Tennant},
  title = {The Withering Away of Formal Semantics?},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {302--318},
  contentnote = {Argues that formal semantics adds nothing of value
  	to what can already be done by proof theory.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ tennant_n:1994a,
  author = {Neil Tennant},
  title = {Changing the Theory of Theory Change:  Towards a
  	Computational Approach},
  journal = {British Journal for the Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {45},
  pages = {865--89},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tennant_n:1996a,
  author = {Neil Tennant},
  title = {Delicate Proof Theory},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {351--385},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ tennant_n:1997a,
  author = {Neil Tennant},
  title = {On the Necessary Existence of Numbers},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {31},
  number = {3},
  pages = {307--336},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;metaphysics;}  
  } 

@book{ tennant_n:1997b,
  author = {Neil Tennant},
  title = {The Taming of the True},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: glanzberg:2000a.},
  topic = {philosophical-realism;}  
 } 

@article{ tennant_n:2000a,
  author = {Neil Tennant},
  title = {Deductive Versus Expressive Power: A Pre-G\"odelian
  	Predicament},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {5},
  pages = {257--277},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;logicism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tennenholtz:1996a,
  author = {Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {On Stable Social Laws and Qualitative Equilibrium
  	for Risk-Averse Agents},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {553--561},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;qualitative-utility;qualitative-equilibria;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ tennenholtz:1998a,
  author = {Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {On Stable Social Laws and Qualitative Equilibria},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {102},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--20},
  topic = {distributed-systems;artificial-societies;
  	qdt;}  
  } 

@article{ tennenholtz:2002a,
  author = {Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {Tractable Combinatorial Auctions and B-Matching},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {140},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {231--243},
  topic = {auction-protocols;e-commerce;} 
  } 

@techreport{ tenny:1988a,
  author = {Carol Tenny},
  title = {Studies in Generative Approaches to Aspect},
  institution = {Center for Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute
  	of Technology},
  number = {Lexicon Project Working Papers 24},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {tense-aspect;events;}  
  } 

@book{ tenny:1994a,
  author = {Carol L. Tenny},
  title = {Aspectual Roles and the Syntax-Semantics Interface},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792328639},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
 } 

@article{ tent:1990a,
  author = {Katin Tent},
  title = {The Application of {M}ontague's Translations in
  	Universal Research and Typology},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  pages = {661--686},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;universal-grammar;typology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tenteije-vanharmelen:1996a,
  author = {Annette ten Teije and Frank {van Harmelen}},
  title = {Computing Approximate Diagnoses by Using Approximate
  	Entailment},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {256--265},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;diagnosis;approximate-logical-consequence;
  	theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ terenziani-torasso:1995a,
  author = {Paolo Terenziani and Pietro Torasso},
  title = {Time, Action-Types and Causation: An Integrated Analysis},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {529--552},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;Aktionsarten;causality;}  
  } 

@book{ termeulen:1980a,
  author = {Alice {ter Meulen}},
  title = {Substances, Quantities and Individuals:  A Study in
		the Formal Semantics of Mass Terms},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1980},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {mass-term-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ termeulen:1980b,
  author = {Alice {ter Meulen}},
  title = {An Intensional Logic for Mass Terms},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {40},
  pages = {105--125},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {mass-term-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ termeulen:1984a,
  author = {Alice G.B. ter Meulen},
  title = {Events, Quantities, and Individuals},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {259--280},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;events;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ termeulen:1985a1,
  author = {Alice {ter Meulen}},
  title = {Progressives without Possible Worlds},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Washington.},
  topic = {tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ termeulen:1985a2,
  author = {Alice {ter Meulen}},
  title = {Progressives without Possible Worlds},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-First Regional Meeting of the
  	Chicago Linguistics Society},
  year = {1985},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society},
  address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois},
  pages = {408--423},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {tense-aspect;progressive;}  
  } 

@incollection{ termeulen:1986a,
  author = {Alice {ter Meulen}},
  title = {Generic Information, Conditional Contexts and
  		Constraints},
  booktitle = {On Conditionals},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly},
  pages = {123--146},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {conditionals;generics;context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ termeulen:1986b,
  author = {Alice G. B. ter Meulen},
  title = {Plural Anaphora with Nominal and Predicative Antecedents},
  booktitle = {WCCFL 5},
  publisher = {Stanford Linguistics Association},
  address = {Stanford},
  year = {1986},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ termeulen:1986c,
  author = {Alice {ter Meulen}},
  title = {Processing Pronouns: A Comparison of Situations Semantics
  	and Discourse Representation Theory},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Washington.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess},
  topic = {anaphora;discourse-representation-theory;situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ termeulen:1987a,
  author = {Alice {ter Meulen}},
  title = {Incomplete Events},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth {A}msterdam Colloquium April
  	13--16 1987},
  publisher = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information,
    University of Amsterdam},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof and Frank Veltman},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {tense-aspect;progressive;events;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ termeulen:1988a,
  author = {Alice {ter Meulen}},
  title = {Structuring Domains for Events},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Washington},
  topic = {tense-aspect;events;dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ termeulen:1995a,
  author = {Alice {ter Meulen}},
  title = {Representing Time in Natural Language: The Dynamic
  	Interpretation of Tense and Aspect},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: passoneau:1996a.},
  topic = {dynamic-semantics;tense-aspect;}  
 } 

@incollection{ termeulen:1995b,
  author = {Alice {ter Meulen}},
  title = {Semantic Constraints on Type-Shifting Anaphora},
  booktitle = {The Generic Book},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  pages = {339--357},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;anaphora;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ termeulen:1995c,
  author = {Alice {ter Meulen}},
  title = {Content in Context},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  pages = {97--109},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@article{ termeulen:1998a,
  author = {Alice {ter Meulen}},
  title = {Review of {\it Anaphora Temporalles et
		(In)Coherence}, edited by {W}alter de {M}ulder,
		{L}iliane {T}asmowski-{D}e {R}yck, and {C}arl
		{V}etters},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {644--648},
  topic = {anaphora;}  
  } 

@incollection{ termeulen:1999a,
  author = {Alice ter Meulen},
  title = {Binding by Implicit Arguments},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {37--42},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {anaphora;definite-descriptions;game-theoretic-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ ternovskaia:1998a,
  author = {Eugenia Ternovskaia},
  title = {Causality via Inductive Definitions},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  year = {1998},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  pages = {94--100},
  topic = {causality;temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms;
	nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
 } 

@book{ terry-hogg:2000a,
  editor = {Deborah J. Terry and Michael A. Hogg},
  title = {Attitudes, Behavior, and Social Context: The Role of Norms and
    Group Membership},
  publisher = {Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0805825657 (cloth)},
  topic = {social-psychology;attitudes-in-psychology;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ terveen-wroblewski:1991a,
  author = {Loren G. Terveen and David A. Wroblewski},
  title = {A Tool for Achieving Consensus in Knowledge Representation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown},
  pages = {74--79},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-acquisition;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ terziyan-puuronen:2000a,
  author = {Vagan Y. Terziyan and Seppo Puuronen},
  title = {Reasoning with Multilevel Contexts in Semantic
  	Metanetworks},
  booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum},
  pages = {107--126},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@article{ terzopoulos-etal:1988a,
  author = {Demetri Terzopoulos and Andrew Witkin and Michael Kass},
  title = {Constraints on Deformable Models: Recovering {3D} Shape and
  	Nonrigid Motion},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {36},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--123},
  topic = {three-D-reconstruction;computer-vision;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ tesar:1996a,
  author = {Bruce Tesar},
  title = {Computing Optimal Descriptions for Optimality Theory
  	Grammars with Context-Free Position Structures},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {101--107},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {optimality-theory;parsing-algorithms;linear-programming;}  
 } 

@article{ tesar-smolensky:1998a,
  author = {Bruce Tesar and Paul Smolensky},
  title = {Learnability in Optimality Theory},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {199},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  pages = {229--268},
  xref = {Follow-up book: tesar-smolensky:2000a.},
  topic = {grammar-learning;optimality-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ tesar-smolensky:2000a,
  author = {Bruce Tesar and Paul Smolensky},
  title = {Learnability in Optimality Theory},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: daelemans:2001a, blutner:2002a.},
  topic = {grammar-learning;optimality-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ tesauro-sejnowski:1989a,
  author = {G. Tesauro and T.J. Sejnowski},
  title = {A Parallel Network that Learns to Play Backgammon},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {39},
  number = {3},
  pages = {357--390},
  topic = {machine-learning;game-playing;}  
  } 

@article{ tesauro:2002a,
  author = {Gerald Tesauro},
  title = {Programming Backgammon Using Self-Teaching Neural Nets},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {134},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {181-199},
  topic = {computer-games;connectionist-models;machine-learning;} 
  } 

@incollection{ tessaris-etal:2002a,
  author = {Sergio Tessaris and Ian Horrocks and Graham Gough},
  title = {Evaluating a Modular {A}box Algorithm},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {227--235},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;} 
  } 

@article{ tessem:1993a,
  author = {Bj{\o}rnar Tessem},
  title = {Approximations for Efficient Computation in the Theory of
  	Evidence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {315--329},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The theory of evidence has become a widely used method for
     handling uncertainty in intelligent systems. The method has,
     however, an efficiency problem. To solve this problem there is a
     need for approximations. In this paper an approximation method
     in the theory of evidence is presented.  Further, it is compared
     experimentally with Bayesian and consonant approximation methods
     with regard to the error they make. Depending on parameters and
     the nature of evidence the experiments show that the new method
     gives comparatively good results. Properties of the
     approximation methods for presentation purposes are also
     discussed.
  } ,
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;approxiomation-methods;}  
  } 

@book{ tesser:1995a,
  editor = {Abraham Tesser},
  title = {Advanced Social Psychology},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1995},
  address = {New York},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Robert Rosenthal , "Methodology"
     2. Roy F. Baumeister , "Self and Identity: An Introduction"
     3. Daniel T. Gilbert , "Attribution and Interpersonal
     		Perception"
     4. Susan T. Fiske, "Social Cognition"
     5. Richard E. Petty , "Attitude Change"
     6. Robert B. Cialdini , "Principles and Techniques
     		of Social Influence"
     7. Margaret S. Clark and Sherri P. Pataki, "Interpersonal Processes
     		Influencing Attraction and Relationships"
     8. C. Daniel Batson , "Prosocial Motivation: Why Do We Help
     		Others?"
     9. Russell G. Geen , "Human Aggression"
    10. John M. Levine and Richard Moreland , "Group Processes"
    11.  Patricia G. Devine , "Prejudice and Out-Group Perception"
  } ,
  ISBN = {0070633924 (recycled, acid-free paper)},
  topic = {social-psychology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ tessler-etal:1995a,
  author = {Shirley Tessler and Yumi Iwasaki and Kincho Law},
  title = {Qualitative Structural Analysis Using Diagrammatic
			Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {711--729},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;
  	qualitative-physics;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ tetreault:2001a,
  author = {Joel Tetreault},
  title = {A Corpus-Based Evaluation of Centering and Pronoun
  	Resolution},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {4},
  pages = {507--520},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;centering;corpus-linguistics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ teufel:1998a,
  author = {Simone Teufel},
  title = {Meta-Discourse Markers and Problem-Structuring in
  	Scientific Texts},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {43--49},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;argumentation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ teufel-moens:1999a,
  author = {Simone Teufel and Marc Moens},
  title = {Discourse-Level Argumentation in Scientific Articles:
  	Human and Automatic Annotation},
  booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging:
  	Proceedings of the Workshop},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {84--93},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-tagging;argumentation;}  
  } 

@article{ thagard:1977a,
  author = {Paul Thagard},
  title = {The Unity of {P}eirce's Theory of Hypothesis},
  journal = {Transactions of the {C}harles {S}anders {P}eirce {S}ociety},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {112--121},
  topic = {Peirce;abduction;}  
  } 

@article{ thagard:1978a,
  author = {Paul R. Thagard},
  title = {The Best Explanation: Criteria for Theory Choice},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1978},
  pages = {76--92},
  missinginfo = {volume, number},
  topic = {abduction;}  
  } 

@article{ thagard:1978b,
  author = {Paul Thagard},
  title = {Semiotics and Hypothetic Inference in {C}.{S}. {P}eirce},
  journal = {Versus},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {19/20},
  pages = {163--172},
  topic = {semiotics;Peirce;}  
  } 

@book{ thagard:1988a,
  author = {Paul R. Thagard},
  title = {Computational Philosophy of Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262200686},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;AI-phil;philosophy-AI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ thagard:1991a,
  author = {Paul Thagard},
  title = {The Dinosaur Debate: Explanatory Coherence and
		the Problem of Competing Hypotheses},
  booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Robert Cummins and John Pollock},
  pages = {279--300},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {explanation;philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@book{ thagard:1996a,
  author = {Paul Thagard},
  title = {Mind: Introduction to Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262201062 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-cogsci;cogsci-intro;
  	philosophy-AI;cognitive-science-general;}  
 } 

@book{ thagard:1998a,
  editor = {Paul Thagard},
  title = {Mind Readings: Introductory Selections on Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  ISBN = {0262700670 (pbk.)},
  topic = {cogsci-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ thagard:1999a,
  author = {Paul Thagard},
  title = {How Scientists Explain Disease},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Princeton},
  ISBN = {0691002614 (cloth)},
  topic = {explanation;philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@book{ thagard:2000a,
  author = {Paul Thagard},
  title = {Coherence in Thought and Action},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-20131-3},
  topic = {coherence;philosophy-of-mind;constraint-satisfaction;
  	foundations-of-cognitive-science;}  
 } 

@article{ thalberg:1962a,
  author = {Irving Thalberg},
  title = {Abilities and Ifs},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {121--126},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {ability;conditionals;JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@article{ thalberg:1962b,
  author = {Irving Thalberg},
  title = {Natural Expressions of Emotion},
  journal = {Philosophy and Phenomenological Research},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {382--392},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {emotion;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ thalberg:1964a,
  author = {Irving Thalberg},
  title = {Freedom of Action and Freedom of Will},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {62},
  number = {20},
  pages = {405--415},
  topic = {action;freedom;volition;}  
  } 

@article{ thalberg:1967a,
  author = {Irving Thalberg},
  title = {Do We Cause Our Own Actions?},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {196--201},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {action;philosophy-of-action;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thalberg:1969a,
  author = {Irving Thalberg},
  title = {Austin on Abilities},
  booktitle = {Symposium on {J}.{L}. {A}ustin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {182--204},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ability;conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ thalberg:1978a,
  author = {Irving Thalberg},
  title = {The Irreducibility of Events},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--9},
  xref = {See feldman_rh-wierenga:1979a for comment.},
  topic = {events;}  
  } 

@book{ thaler_r:1991a,
  author = {Richard H. Thaler},
  title = {Quasi-Rational Economics},
  publisher = {Russell Sage Foundation},
  year = {1991},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ thalos:1998a,
  author = {Mariam Thalos},
  title = {Units of Decision},
  booktitle = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the
	Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed
	Papers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  missinginfo = {pages = {324--}},
  organization = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  address = {Chicago, Illinois},
  topic = {decision-theory;foundations-of-decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ tharp:1971a,
  author = {Leslie H. Tharp},
  title = {Truth, Quantification and Abstract Objects},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {363--372},
  topic = {truth-definitions;substitutional-quantification;}  
  } 

@book{ thart-etal:1990a,
  author = {Johan t'Hart and Ren\'e Collier and Antonie Cohen},
  title = {A Perceptual Study of Intonation: An Experimental-Phonetic
  	Approach to Speech Melody},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1990},
  ISBN = {0521366437},
  topic = {intonation;}  
 } 

@book{ thayer-dorfman:1990a,
  editor = {Richard H. Thayer and Merlin Dorfman},
  title = {System and Software Requirements Engineering},
  publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Los Alamitos, California},
  ISBN = {0818689218},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@book{ thayse:1991a,
  editor = {Andr\'e Thayse},
  title = {From Natural Language Processing to Logic for Expert
  	Systems : A Logic  Based Approach to Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1991},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0471924318},
  topic = {AI-intro;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ thecyclists:1991a,
  author = {The Cyclists},
  title = {The {ZUE} Portable Interface for {CYC}},
  year = {1991},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Microelectronics and Computer Technology
  	Corporation},
  topic = {CYC;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ theune:1997a,
  author = {Mari\"et Theune},
  title = {Contrastive Accent in Data-to-Speech System},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {519--521},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {contrastive-stress;speech-generation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ thiele:1991a,
  author = {Helmut Thiele},
  title = {On Generation of Cumulative Inference Operators by Default
  	Deduction Rules},
  booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt},
  pages = {100--137},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;cumulativity;}  
  } 

@article{ thielen:1999a,
  author = {Christine Thielen},
  title = {Review of {\it Turning a Bilingual Dictionary
  	into a Lexical-Semantic Database}, by {T}hierry {F}ontentelle},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {3},
  pages = {447--449},
  topic = {multilingual-lexicons;}  
  } 

@article{ thielscher:1993a,
  author = {Michael Thielscher},
  title = {On Prediction in Theorist},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {60},
  number = {2},
  pages = {283--292},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Theorist is a well-known framework and system for nonmonotonic
     reasoning which provides mechanisms for dealing with both
     explanations for observations and skeptical prediction.  Its
     current implementation, developed by David Poole and co-workers,
     uses an algorithm for prediction which holds for a restricted
     part of Theorist.  In more general cases, the system produces
     incorrect results in the case of prediction.  In this note, we
     present an algorithm for prediction which is shown to be correct
     within the entire Theorist framework.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;hypothesis-generation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ thielscher:1995a,
  author = {Michael Thielscher},
  title = {Computing Ramifications by Postprocessing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1994--2000},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {ramification-problem;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ thielscher:1995b,
  author = {Michael Thielscher},
  title = {The Logic of Dynamic Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1956--1962},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {concurrent-actions;nondeterministic-action;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thielscher:1996a,
  author = {Michael Thielscher},
  title = {Causality and the Qualification Problem},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {51--62},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;causality;qualification-problem;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ thielscher:1997a,
  author = {Michael Thielscher},
  title = {Ramification and Causality},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {89},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {317--364},
  topic = {action-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;ramification-problem;
  	causality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ thielscher:1998a,
  author = {Michael Thielscher},
  title = {Towards a Logic for Causal Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  year = {1998},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  pages = {101--106},
  topic = {causality;temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms;
	nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ thielscher:1998b,
  author = {Michael Thielscher},
  title = {How (Not) to Minimize Events},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {60--71},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;narrative-understanding;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ thielscher:1998c,
  author = {Michael Thielscher},
  title = {Reasoning about Actions: Steady Versus Stabilizing
  	State Constraints},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {104},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {339--355},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;causality;action-formalisms;
  	ramification-problem;}  
  } 

@book{ thielscher:1999a,
  editor = {Michael Thielscher},
  title = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
	Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {action-formalisms;}  
 } 

@article{ thielscher:1999b,
  author = {Michael Thielscher},
  title = {From Situation Calculus to Fluent Calculus: State
  	Update Axioms as a Solution to the Inferential Frame
	Problem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {111},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {277--299},
  topic = {frame-problem;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ thielscher:2000a,
  author = {Michael Thielscher},
  title = {Representing the Knowledge of a Robot},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {109--120},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;sensing-actions;sensing-formalisms;}  
  } 

@book{ thielscher:2000b,
  author = {Michael Thielscher},
  title = {Challenges For Action Theories},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540674551 (pbk.)},
  topic = {action-formalisms;}  
 } 

@article{ thielscher:2001a,
  author = {Michael Thielscher},
  title = {The Qualification Problem: A Solution to the Problem of
  	Anomalous Models},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {131},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--37},
  topic = {qualification-problem;nonmonotonic-reasoning;
  	action-formalisms;Yale-shooting-problem;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thielscher:2002a,
  author = {Michael Thielscher},
  title = {Programming of Reasoning and Planning Agents with {FLUX}},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {435--448},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;planning-algorithms;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ thienot:1999a,
  author = {Cedric Thienot},
  title = {Intuitive Reasoning with Pseudo-Intuitionistic
  	Semantics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Practical Reasoning and Rationality},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {John Bell},
  pages = {39--47},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ thijsse:1992a,
  author = {Elias Thijsse},
  title = {On Partial Logic and Knowledge Representation},
  school = {Tilburg University},
  year = {1992},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Delft},
  topic = {partial-logic;kr;logic-in-AI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ thijsse:1993b,
  author = {Elias Thijsse},
  title = {On Total Awareness Logics},
  booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  editor = {Maarten de Rijke},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {309--347},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;epistemic-logic;resource-limited-reasoning;
  	hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@book{ thimbleby-etal:1997a,
  editor = {H. Thimbleby and B. O'Conaill and P.J. Thomas},
  title = {People and Computers {XII}: Proceedings of {HCI}'97},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540761721 (pbk.)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@techreport{ thirunarayan:1991a,
  author = {Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan},
  title = {Implementation of an Efficient Inheritance Reasoner},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, Wayne State
		University},
  number = {WSU--CS--91--04},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {inheritance-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ thistlewaite-etal:1988a,
  author = {P.B. Thistlewaite and M.A. McRobbie and R.K. Meyer},
  title = {Automated Theorem-Proving in Non-Classical Logics},
  publisher = {Pitman},
  year = {1988},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {theorem-proving;relevance-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ thoene-etal:1991a,
  author = {H. Th\"one and U. G\"untzer and W. Kie{\ss}ling},
  title = {Probabilistic Reasoning with Facts and Rules in Deductive
  	Databases},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {333--337},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;databases;}  
  } 

@book{ thom:1975a,
  author = {Ren\'e Thom},
  title = {Structural Stability and Morphogenesis: An Outline of
  	a General Theory of Models},
  publisher = {W. A. Benjamin},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {08053927690805392777 (pbk.)},
  note = {Translated from the French ed., as updated by the
    author, by D. H. Fowler. With a foreword by C. H. Waddington.},
  topic = {topology;mathematics-of-biology;}  
 } 

@article{ thomas_g:1964a,
  author = {George Thomas},
  title = {Abilities and Physiology},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {62},
  number = {11},
  pages = {321--328},
  topic = {ability;dispositions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomas_i-etal:1998a,
  author = {Ian Thomas and Ingrid Zuckerman and Bhavani Raskutti},
  title = {Extracting Phoneme Pronunciation Information from
  		Corpora},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {175--183},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {speech-generation;corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ thomas_jc-schneider_ml:1984a,
  editor = {John C. Thomas and Michael L. Schneider},
  title = {Human Factors in Computer Systems},
  publisher = {Ablex Pub. Corp.},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0893911461},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ thomas_l-chundi:1999a,
  author = {Lee Thomas and Stephen Chundi},
  title = {The {E}nglish Language: An Owner's Manual},
  publisher = {Allyn and Bacon},
  year = {1999},
  address = {New York},
  contentnote = {Sort of an intro for English/Communication types.},
  topic = {English-Language;linguistics-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ thomas_p-etal:1988a,
  author = {Pete Thomas and Hugh Robinson and Judy Emms},
  title = {Abstract Data Types: Their Specification, Representation,
  	and Use},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198596634},
  topic = {abstraact-data-types;}  
 } 

@book{ thomas_pj:1995a,
  editor = {Peter J. Thomas},
  title = {The Social and Interactional Dimensions of Human-Computer
  	Interfaces},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052145302X},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@article{ thomason_rh:1969a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {A Semantical Study of Constructible Falsity},
  journal = {Zeitschrift f\"{u}r Mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der
 	Mathematik},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {247--257},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {constructive-falsity;completeness-theorems;}  
 } 

@article{ thomason_rh:1970b,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Indeterminist Time and Truth-Value Gaps},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {246--281},
  missinginfo = {number},
  title = {Some Completeness Results for Modal Predicate
  	Calculi},
  booktitle = {Recent Developments in Philosophical Problems in Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel},
  year = {1970},
  editor = {Karel Lambert},
  pages = {20--40},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;modal-logic;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_rh-stalnaker:1970a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason and Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {A Semantic Analysis of Conditional Logic},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {23--42},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_rh:1972a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {A Semantic Theory of Sortal Incorrectness},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {209--258},
  topic = {sortal-incorrectness;truth-value-gaps;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_rh:1972b,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Review of {Linguistic Behaviour}, by {J}onathan {B}ennett},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {141--154},
  xref = {Review of bennett_j:1976a.},
  topic = {philosophy-or-language;semantics;speaker-meaning;Grice;
  	convention;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh:1973a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Perception and Individuation},
  booktitle = {Logic and Ontology},
  publisher = {New York University Press},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Milton K. Munitz},
  pages = {261--285},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh:1973b,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Philosophy and Formal Semantics},
  booktitle = {Truth, Syntax and Modality},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Hugues Leblanc},
  pages = {294--307},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_rh-stalnaker:1973a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason and Robert C. Stalnaker},
  title = {A Semantic Theory of Adverbs},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {195-220},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {adverbs;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh:1974a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Formal Philosophy: Selected Papers of {R}ichard {M}ontague},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {1--69},
  address = {New Haven, Connecticut},
  topic = {nl-semantics;montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh:1976a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Necessity, Quotation, and Truth: An Indexical Theory},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {119--138},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {indexicals;context;truth;direct-discourse;
  	direct-discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh:1976b,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Some Extensions of {M}ontague Grammar},
  booktitle = {Montague Grammar},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Barbara H. Partee},
  pages = {77--117},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_rh:1977a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Indirect Discourse Is not Quotational},
  journal = {The Monist},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {60},
  pages = {340--354},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {indirect-discourse;direct-discourse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh:1978a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Home Is Where the Heart Is},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {209--219},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {measures;nl-semantics;individual-concepts;
  	Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_rh:1980a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {A Model Theory for Propositional Attitudes},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {47--70},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;foundations-of-semantics;
  	hyperintensionality;intensional-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ thomason_rh:1980b,
  author = {Richmond Thomason},
  title = {A Note on Syntactic Treatments of Modality},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {391--395},
  missinginfo = {number},
 topic = {syntactic-attitudes;diagonalization-arguments;belief;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_rh-gupta:1980a1,
  author = {Richmond Thomason and Anil Gupta},
  title = {A Theory of Conditionals in the Context of Branching Time},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {80},
  pages = {65--90},
  xref = {Republication: thomason_rh-gupta:1980a2.},
  title = {A Theory of Conditionals in the Context of Branching Time},
  booktitle = {Ifs: Conditionals, Belief, Decision, Chance, and Time},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Robert Stalnaker and Glenn Pearce},
  pages = {229--322},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Republication of thomason_rh-gupta:1980a1.},
  title = {Deontic Logic and the Role of Freedom in Moral Deliberation},
  booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Risto Hilpinen},
  pages = {153--162},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  title = {Deontic Logic as Founded on Tense Logic},
  booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Risto Hilpinen},
  pages = {165--176},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  title = {Deontic Logic and the Role of Freedom in
             Moral Deliberation},
  booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Risto Hilpinen},
  pages = {177--186},
  topic = {deontic-logic;branching-time;}  
    } 

@unpublished{ thomason_rh:1981d,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Notes on Completeness Problems with Historical Necessity},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.},
  topic = {branching-time;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_rh:1982a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Identity and Vagueness},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {42},
  pages = {329--332},
  topic = {identity;vagueness;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ thomason_rh:1982b,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Counterfactuals and Temporal Direction},
  year = {1982},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.},
  topic = {conditionals;temporal-direction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh:1984a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Combinations of Tense and Modality},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}:
  	Extensions of Classical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz G\"unthner},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  pages = {135--165},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_rh:1985a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Some Issues Concerning the Interpretation of
		Derived and Gerundive Nominals},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {73--80},
  topic = {nl-semantics;evants;nominalization;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1986a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Paradoxes and Semantic Representation},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {225--239},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {syntactic-reflection;epistemic-logic;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh:1986b,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {The Context-Sensitivity of Belief and Desire},
  booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky},
  pages = {341--360},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {philosophy-of-belief;belief;utility;context;}  
  } 

@techreport{ thomason_rh-etal:1986a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason and John F. Horty and David S. Touretzky},
  title = {A Calculus For Inheritance in Monotonic Semantic Nets},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
  	University},
  number = {CMU-CS-86-138},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ thomason_rh-etal:1987a,
   author = {Richmond H. Thomason and John F. Horty and David S.
  	Touretzky},
  title = {A Calculus for Inheritance in Monotonic Semantic Nets},
  booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems: Proceedings of
  	the Sixth International Symposium},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Z. Ras and M. Zemankova},
  pages = {280--287},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_rh:1988a1,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {4},
  pages = {321--327},
  xref = {Republication: thomason_rh:1988a2.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;logic-in-AI-survey;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh:1988a2,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {1--7},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Republication of: thomason_rh:1988a1.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;logic-in-AI-survey;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh:1988b,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Theories of Nonmonotonicity and Natural Language
  	Generics},
  booktitle = {Genericity in Natural Language: Proceedings of
  	the 1988 T\"ubingen Conference},
  publisher = {Seminar f\"ur Naturlich-Sprachliche
  	Systeme der Universit\"at T\"ubingen},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Manfred Krifka},
  pages = {395--406},
  address = {T\"ubingen},
  topic = {generics;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ thomason_rh:1989a,
  editor = {Richmond Thomason},
  title = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;logic-in-AI-survey;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1989b,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Completeness Proofs for Monotonic Nets With Relations and
  	Identity},
  booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Zbigniew Ras},
  pages = {523--532},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh:1990a,
  author = {Richmond Thomason},
  title = {Accommodation, Meaning, and Implicature:
  	Interdisciplinary Foundations for Pragmatics},
  booktitle = {Intentions in Communication},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack},
  pages = {326--363},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {discourse;accommodation;implicature;pragmatics;
  	conversational-record;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1990b,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Propagating Epistemic Coordination Through Mutual
	Defaults {I}},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {29--39},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;mutual-beliefs;conversational-record;
  	nm-ling;communication-models;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh-touretzky:1990c,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason and David S. Touretzky},
  title = {Inheritance Theory and Networks with Roles},
  booktitle = {Principles of Semantic Networks},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {John Sowa},
  pages = {231--266},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh:1991a,
  author = {Richmond Thomason},
  title = {Logicism, Artificial Intelligence, and Common Sense: {J}ohn
  {M}c{C}arthy's Program in Philosophical Perspective},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {449--466},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {logicism;Mccarthy;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1991b,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {A Semantic Analysis of Monotonic Inheritance With Roles
  	and Relations},
  booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems: Proceedings of
  	the Sixth International Symposium},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Z. Ras and M. Zemankova and M. Emrich},
  pages = {630--644},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1991c,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Knowledge Representation and Knowledge of Words},
  booktitle = {Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation:
  	Proceedings of a Workshop Sponsored by the
	Special Interest Group on the Lexicon of the Association for
	Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky and Sabine Bergler},
  pages = {1--8},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;knowledge-representation;;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh:1992a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {{NETL} and Subsequent Path-Based Inheritance Theories},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {179--204},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Also published in Computers and Mathematics with Applications;
  	vol. 23; 1992; 179--204},
  topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_rh-aronis:1992a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason and John M. Aronis},
  title = {Hybridizing Nonmonotonic Inheritance With Theorem Proving},
  journal = {Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {345--366},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh-touretzky:1992a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason and David S. Touretzky},
  title = {Inheritance Theory and Networks With Roles},
  booktitle = {Principles of Semantic Networks},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {John F. Sowa},
  pages = {231--266},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1993a,
 author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
 title = {Towards a Logical Theory of Practical Reasoning},
 booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Reasoning about Mental States},
 year = {1993},
 organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
 address = {Menlo Park, CA},
 pages = {133--142},
 topic = {practical-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;deontic-logic;
 	qualitative-utility;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ thomason_rh:1995b,
  author = {Richmond Thomason},
  title = {Logicism: Exact Philosophy, Linguistics, and
	Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {logicism;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ thomason_rh-moore_j:1995a,
  author = {Richmond Thomason and Johanna Moore},
  title = {Discourse Context},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
 	Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Sasha Buva\v{c}},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  pages = {102--109},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {discourse;context;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh:1996a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Nonmonotonicity in Linguistics},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  pages = {777--831},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nm-ling;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ thomason_rh:1996b,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Formalisms for Natural Language Semantics},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;foundations-of-semantics;
  	lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ thomason_rh-etal:1996a,
  author = {Richmond Thomason and Jerry Hobbs and Johanna Moore},
  title = {Communicative Goals},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ECAI} 96 Workshop on Gaps and
  	Bridges: New Directions in Planning and Natural Language
	Generation},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Kristiina Jokinen and Mark Maybury and Ingrid Zukerman},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-generation;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh-horty:1996a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason and John F. Horty},
  title = {Nondeterministic Action and Dominance:
  	Foundations for Planning and Qualitative Decision},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {229--250},
  address = {San Francisco},
  note = {The statement and proof of the soundness theorem in
  		Section~7 of this version are flawed.  See
		www.pitt.edu/\user{}thomason/dominance.html.},
  xref = {Working Version: thomason_rh-horty:1997a.},
  topic = {action;concurrent-actions;conditionals;qualitative-utility;
  	dominance;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1997a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Type Theoretic Foundations for Context},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {173--175},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ thomason_rh:1997b,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Towards a Logical Theory of Practical Reasoning},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, 1997.  Available at
           www.pitt.edu/\user{}thomason.html.
	   },
  topic = {practical-reasoning;qualitative-utility;preferences;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh:1997c,
 author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Type Theoretic Foundations for Context (Extended Abstract)},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {211--220},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;logic-of-context;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ thomason_rh-hobbs:1997a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason and Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Interrelating Interpretation and Generation in an Abductive
  	Framework},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Communicative Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {David Traum},
  pages = {97--105},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;discourse;pragmatics;
  	nl-generation-and-interpretation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ thomason_rh-horty:1997a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason and John F. Horty},
  title = {Nondeterministic Action and Dominance:
  	Foundations for Planning and Qualitative Decision},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, 1997.  Available at
           www.pitt.edu/\user{}thomason/dominance.html.
	   (A version of this paper was published in Yoav Shoham, ed.,
	   {\it Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
	   Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996),
	   Morgan Kaufmann, 1996.}},
  xref = {Conference publication: thomason_rh-horty:1996a.},
  topic = {action;concurrent-actions;conditionals;qualitative-utility;
  	dominance;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1998a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Intra-Agent Modality and Nonmonotonic Epistemic Logic},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Itzhak Gilboa},
  pages = {57--69},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;nonmonotonic-logic;
  	mutual-belief;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1998b,
 author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
 title = {Qualitative Decision Theory and Interactive Problem
 	Solving (Extended Abstract)},
 booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Interactive and Mixed-Initiative Decision-Theoretic Systems},
 year = {1998},
 organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
 editor = {Peter Haddawy and Steve Hanks},
 pages = {107--113},
 address = {Menlo Park, CA},
 topic = {practical-reasoning;qualitative-utility;planning;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1998c,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Conditionals, Time, and Causal Independence},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  year = {1998},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  pages = {107--113},
  topic = {causality;causal-(in)dependence;temporal-reasoning;
	branching-time;conditionals;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1998d,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Representing and Reasoning with Context},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation;
  	Proceedings of the International Conference {AISC}'98,
	Plattsburgh, New York},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza},
  pages = {29--41},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;logic-of-context;intensional-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1999a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Progress towards a Theory of Practical Reasoning:
  	Problems and Prospects},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Practical Reasoning and Rationality},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {John Bell},
  pages = {46--47},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;default-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh:1999b,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Type Theoretic Foundations for Context, Part 1: Contexts
  	as Complex Type-Theoretic Objects},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {352--374},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;higher-order-logic;intensional-logic;
		logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1999c,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Modeling the Beliefs of Other Agents},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_rh:1999d,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Review of {\em Reasoning about Knowledge},
	by {R}onald {F}agin and {J}oseph {Y}. {H}alpern and {Y}oram {M}oses
	and {M}oshe {Y}. {V}ardi},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {128--136},
  xref = {Review of fagin-etal:1995b.},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;communication-protocols;
  	game-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ thomason_rh:1999e,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Formalizing the Semantics of Derived Words},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, available at 
  	http://www.eecs.umich.edu/\user{}rthomaso/documents.html. } ,
  topic = {nm-ling;lexical-semantics;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:2000a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Desires and Defaults: A Framework for Planning with
  	Inferred Goals},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {702--713},
  topic = {desires;planning-formalisms;default-logic;
  	practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomason_rh:2000c,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Modeling the Beliefs of Other Agents},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {375--473},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;reasoning-about-attitudes;agent-modeling;
  	mutual-beliefs;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_rh:2001a,
  author = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Review of {\it Formal Aspects of Context}, edited by {P}ierre
  	{B}onzon, {M}arcos {C}avalcanti and {R}olf {N}ossum},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {4},
  pages = {598--600},
  xref = {Review of: bonzon-etal:2000a.},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_sk:1972a,
  author = {Steven K. Thomason},
  title = {Semantic Analysis of Tense Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1},
  pages = {150--158},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_sk:1974a,
  author = {Steven K. Thomason},
  title = {An Incompleteness Theorem in Modal Logic},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {40},
  pages = {30--34},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {modal-logic;(in)compactness;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ thomason_sk:1978a,
  author = {Steven K. Thomason},
  title = {Undecidability of the Completeness Problem of Modal
  	Logic},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript},
  topic = {modal-logic;undecidability;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ thomason_sk:1978b,
  author = {Steven K. Thomason},
  title = {Independent Propositional Modal Logics},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_sk:1979a,
  author = {Steven K. Thomason},
  title = {Independent Propositional Modal Logics},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {34},
  pages = {143--144},
  missinginfo = {number, year is a guess},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ thomason_sk:1979b,
  author = {Steven K. Thomason},
  title = {Possible Worlds, Time, and Tenure},
  year = {1979},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript},
  topic = {temporal-logic;individuation;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_sk:1984a,
  author = {Steven K. Thomason},
  title = {On Constructing Instants from Events},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {85--96},
  topic = {temporal-logic;temporal-representation;interval-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_sk:1989a,
  author = {Steven K. Thomason},
  title = {Free Construction of Time from Events},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {43--67},
  topic = {philosophy-of-time;events;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_sk:1993a,
  author = {Steven K. Thomason},
  title = {Semantic Analysis of the Modal Syllogistic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {111--128},
  topic = {syllogistic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ thomason_sk:1997a,
  author = {Steven K. Thomason},
  title = {Relational Models for the Modal Syllogistic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {129--141},
  topic = {syllogistic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thompson_hs:1981a,
  author = {Henry S. Thompson},
  title = {Chart Parsing for Loosely Coupled
    		Parallel Systems},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  pages = {231--241},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;parallel-processing;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thompson_p-dozier:1997a,
  author = {Paul Thompson and Christopher C. Dozier},
  title = {Name Searching and Information Retrieval},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {134--140},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empircal-methods-in-nlp;personal-name-recognition;}  
  } 

@article{ thomson_jf:1960a,
  author = {J.F. Thomson},
  title = {What {A}chilles Should Have Said to the Tortoise},
  journal = {Ratio},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {3},
  number = {a},
  pages = {95--105},
  topic = {Achilles-and-the-tortoise;}  
  } 

@incollection{ thomson_jf:1962a,
  author = {J.F. Thomson},
  title = {On Some Paradoxes},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series},
  publisher = {Barnes and Noble},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {104--119},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {diagonalization-arguments;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ thomson_jj1:1954a,
  author = {James J. Thomson},
  title = {Tasks and Supertasks},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1954},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {1--13},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {paradoxes-of-physical-infinity;paradoxes-of-motion;}  
  } 

@book{ thomson_jj1:1987a,
  editor = {James J. Thomson},
  title = {On Being and Saying: Essays for {R}ichard {C}artwright},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy-collection;}  
 } 

@book{ thomson_jj2:1977a,
  author = {Judith Jarvis Thomson},
  title = {Acts and Other Events},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Ithaca},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@book{ thomson_jj2:1987a,
  editor = {Judith Jarvis Thomson},
  title = {On Being and Saying: Essays For {R}ichard {C}artwright},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. George Boolos , "The Consistency of {F}rege's
     		Foundations of Arithmetic "
     2. Leonard Linsky, "Russell's `no-classes' theory of classes"
     3. Charles S. Chihara , "Quine's indeterminacy"
     4. Harold Levin, "Justifying Symbolizations"
     5. Scott Soames , "Substitutivity "
     6. Charles E. Caton, "Moore's Paradox, Sincerity Conditions, and
     		Epistemic Qualification "
     7. William P. Alston, "Matching Illocutionary Act Types"
     8. Roderick M. Chisholm, "Scattered Objects"
     9. Helen Morris Cartwright, "Parts and Places"
    10. Judith Jarvis Thomson, "Ruminations on an Account of Personal
    		Identity"
    11. Jordan Howard Sobel , "G\"odel's Ontological Proof "
    12. David Wiggins, "The concept of the Subject Contains the
    		Concept of The Predicate"
  } ,
  ISBN = {0262200635},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;}  
 } 

@book{ thomson_jj2:1990a,
  author = {Judith Jarvis Thomson},
  title = {The Realm of Rights},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {ethics;rights;}  
    } 

@book{ thornton:2000a,
  author = {Chris Thornton},
  title = {Truth from Trash: How Learning Makes Sense},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262201275},
  xref = {Review: hernandezorallo:2000a.},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
 } 

@book{ thrall-etal:1960a,
  editor = {Robert M. Thrall and C.H. Coombs and R.L. Davis},
  title = {Decision Processes},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1960},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ thrun:1998a,
  author = {Sebastian Thrun},
  title = {Learning Metric-Topological Maps for Indoor
		Mobile Robot Navigation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {99},
  number = {1},
  pages = {21--71},
  topic = {machine-learning;robot-navigation;}  
  } 

@article{ thrun-etal:1999a,
  author = {Sebastian thrun and Christos Faloufsos and Tom Mitchell
  	and Larry Wasserman},
  title = {Automated Learning and Discovery---State of the Art and
  	Research Topics in a Rapidly Growing Field},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {78--82},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ thrun-etal:2001a,
  author = {Sebastian Thrun and Dieter Fox and Wolfram Burgard and
  	Frank Dellaert},
  title = {Robust {M}onte {C}arlo Localization for Mobile Robots},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {128},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {99--141},
  topic = {robotics;probabilistic-reasoning;mobile-robot-localization;}  
  } 

@book{ thurow:1980a,
  author = {Lester C. Thurow},
  title = {The Zero-Sum Society : Distribution and the Possibilities for
    Economic Change},
  publisher = {Basic Books},
  year = {1980},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0465093841},
  topic = {political-economy;welfare-economics;}  
 } 

@book{ thurow:1984a,
  author = {Lester C. Thurow},
  title = {Dangerous Currents: The State of Economics},
  publisher = {Vintage Books},
  year = {1984},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0394723686 (pbk.)},
  topic = {economics-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ thyer:1999a,
  editor = {Bruce A. Thyer},
  title = {The Philosophical Legacy of Behaviorism},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792357361},
  acontentnote = {TC:
     1. Michael L. Commons and Eric A. Goodheart, "The origins of
     		behaviorism"
     2. Jay Moore, "The basic principles of behaviorism"
     3. Richard Garrett, "Epistemology"
     4. Ernest A. Vargas, "Ethics" 
     5. Jon S. Bailey and Robert J. Wallander, "Verbal behavior"
     6. Steven C. Hayes, Kelly G. Wilson, and Elizabeth V. 
        	Gifford, "Consciousness and private events"
     7. Bruce Waller, "Free will, determinism and self-control"
     8. Roger Schnaitter, "Some criticisms of behaviorism"
  } ,
  xref = {Review: backe:2000a.},
  topic = {behaviorism;philosophy-of-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ tichy:1973a,
  author = {Pavel Tichy},
  title = {On {\em De Dicto} Modalities in Quantified {S5}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {387--392},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ tichy:1975a,
  author = {Pavel Tichy},
  title = {What Do We Talk About?},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {42},
  number = {1},
  pages = {80--93},
  topic = {aboutness;intensionality;} 
  } 

@article{ tichy:1980a,
  author = {Pavel Tich\'y},
  title = {The Logic of Temporal Discourse},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {343--369},
  topic = {tense-aspect;nl-tense;}  
  } 

@article{ tichy:1985a,
   author = {Pavel Tich\'y},
   title = {Do We Need Interval Semantics?},
   journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
   year = {1985},
   volume = {8},
   number = {2},
   pages = {263--282},
   topic = {tense-aspect;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ tick-dambrosio:1995a,
  author = {E. Tick and Bruce D'Ambrision},
  title = {Evaluating Bayes Nets with Concurrent Process
  	Networks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Parallel
  	Processing (IPPS'95},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {805--811},
  missinginfo = {Editor, Organization, Address, A's 1st name.},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;parallel-processsing;}  
  } 

@article{ tiede:1999a,
  author = {Hans-Joerg Tiede},
  title = {Review of {\em Basic Simple Type Theory},
		by {J}. {R}oger {H}indley},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {473--476},
  xref = {Review of hindley:1997a.},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ tiedemann:1999a,
  author = {J\"org Tiedemann},
  title = {Review of {\it Linguistic Databases}, edited by {J}ohn
  	{N}erbonne},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {167--169},
  xref = {Review of nerbonne:1997a.},
  topic = {linguistic-databases;corpus-linguistics;
  	computer-assisted-science;computer-assisted-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ tienson:1974a,
  author = {John Tienson},
  title = {On Analyzing Knowledge},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {289--293},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {knowledge;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ tienson:1974b,
  author = {John Tienson},
  title = {Hintikka's Argument for the `Basic Restriction'\,},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;quantifying-in-modality;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ tienson:1974c,
  author = {John Tienson},
  title = {On Some Questions of Metaphysics},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {metaphysics;metaphilosophy;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ tienson:1974d,
  author = {John Tienson},
  title = {An Argument Concerning Quantification and Propositional
  	Attitudes},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;propositional-attitudes;} 
  } 

@incollection{ tiercelin:1984a,
  author = {Claudine Tiercelin},
  title = {Peirce on Machines, Self-Control and Intentionality},
  booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects
  	of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Steve B. Torrance},
  pages = {99--113},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {Peirce;intentionality;}  
  } 

@article{ tierney:2002a,
  author = {Richard Tierney},
  title = {Review of {\it Aristotle's Theory of Language and
  	Meaning}, by {D}eborah {K}.{W}. {M}odrak},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {99},
  number = {4},
  pages = {203--209},
  xref = {Review of: modrak:2000a.},
  topic = {Aristotle;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ tieszen:1998a,
  author = {Richard Tieszen},
  title = {G\"odel's Path from the Incompleteness Theorems
  	(1931) to Phenomenology (1961)},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {181--203},
  topic = {Goedel;history-of-logic;philosophy-of-logic;
  	goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ tietz:1966a,
  author = {Hohn H. Tietz},
  title = {J.L. {A}ustin's `Ifs and Cans' and the Incompatibility of
  	Free Will and Determinism},
  school = {Claremont Graduate School and University Center},
  year = {1966},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Claremont, California},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ability;conditionals;freedom;(in)determinism;}  
 } 

@article{ tiffany:1999a,
  author = {Evan Tiffany},
  title = {Semantics {S}an {D}iego Style},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {95},
  number = {8},
  pages = {416--429},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;state-space-semantics;
		foundations-of-semantics;conceptual-role-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tijus:2001a,
  author = {Charles Tijus},
  title = {Contextual Categorization and Cognitive Phenomena},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {316--329},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ tillman_fa:1966a,
  author = {Frank A. Tillman},
  title = {Facts, Events, and True Statements},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {32,  Part 2},
  pages = {116--129},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {truth;truth-bearers;JL-Austin;facts;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ tillmann_c:1997a,
  author = {Christoph Tillmann and Stephen Vogel and Hermann Ney
  	and Alex Zubiaga},
  title = {A {DP}-based Search Using Monotone Alignments in
  	Statistical Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {289--296},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;machine-translation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ tilman-ney:1998a,
  author = {Christoph Tilman and Hermann Ney},
  title = {Word Triggers and the {EM} Algorithm},
  booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {T. Mark Ellison},
  pages = {117--134},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;disambiguation;}  
  } 

@book{ tinbergen:1951a,
  author = {Niko Tinbergen},
  title = {The Study of Instinct},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1951},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0471923818},
  topic = {animal-behavior;instinct;}  
 } 

@book{ tinbergen:1958a,
  author = {Niko Tinbergen},
  title = {Curious Naturalists},
  publisher = {New York, Basic Books [},
  year = {1958},
  address = {New},
  ISBN = {019857343X},
  topic = {animal-behavior;instinct;}  
 } 

@article{ tinkham:1998a,
  author = {Nancy Lynn Tinkham},
  title = {Schema Induction for Logic Program Synthesis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {98},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--47},
  topic = {logic-program-synthesis;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ tiomkin-kaminski:1990a,
  author = {Michael Tiomkin and Michael Kaminski},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Modal Default Logics (Detailed Abstract)},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {73--83},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ tiomkin-kaminski:1993a,
  author = {Robert Tiomkin and Michael Kaminski},
  title = {Semantic Analysis of Logic of Actions},
  journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {203--212},
  year = {1995},
  topic = {action-formalisms;}  
 } 

@article{ titani:1997a,
  author = {Satoko Titani},
  title = {Completeness of Global Intuitionistic Set Theory},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {62},
  number = {2},
  pages = {506--528},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ tkeda:1996a,
  author = {Koichi Takeda},
  title = {Pattern-Based Context-Free Grammars for Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {144--151},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {machine-translation;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ tobies:2000a,
  author = {Ian Horrocks and Stephan Tobies},
  title = {Reasoning with Axioms: Theory and Practice},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {285--296},
  topic = {terminological-logics;classifier-algorithms;
  	extensions-of-kl1;}  
  } 

@book{ todd-loy:1991a,
  editor = {Peter M. Todd and D. Gareth Loy},
  title = {Music and Connectionism},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262200813},
  xref = {Review: Brad Garton},
  topic = {AI-and-music;connectionist-models;connectionism;}  
 } 

@incollection{ todt:1983a,
  author = {G\"unter Todt},
  title = {Fuzzy Logic and Modal Logic},
  booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal},
  pages = {213--260},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;fuzzy-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ tohme:1997a,
  author = {Fernando Tohme},
  title = {Negotiation and Defeasible Reasons for Choice},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {95--102},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;negotiation;}  
  } 

@article{ tolliver:1988a,
  author = {Joseph Thomas Tolliver},
  title = {Disjunctivitis},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {64--70},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;
  	philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@article{ tomberlin:1970a,
  author = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Prior on Time and Tense},
  journal = {The Review of Metaphysics},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {59--81},
  contentnote = {This is a review of prior:1968a.},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ tomberlin:1971a,
  author = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Essentialism: Strong and Weak},
  journal = {Metaphilosophy},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {309--315},
  topic = {essentialism;} 
  } 

@article{ tomberlin:1981a,
  author = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Contrary-to-Duty Imperatives and Conditional Obligation},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {357--375},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ tomberlin:1983a,
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Agent, Language, and The Structure of the World: Essays
    Presented to {H}ector-{N}eri {C}asta\~neda, with His Replies},
  publisher = {Hackett Publishing Co.},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Indianapolis, Indiana},
  ISBN = {0915145553},
  topic = {agency;philosophy-of-language;}  
 } 

@book{ tomberlin:1987a,
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Philosophical Perspectives 1: Metaphysics},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Terence Parsons, "Entities Without Identity", pp. 1--19
     2. Peter van Inwagen, "When Are Objects Parts?", pp. 21--47
     3. Nathan Salmon, "Existence", pp. 49--108
     4. John L. Pollock, "How To Build a Person: The Physical Basis
             for Mentality", pp. 109--154
     5. Ernest Sosa, "Subjects Among Other Things", pp. 155--187
     6. Alvin Plantinga, "Two Concepts of Modality: Modal Realism and
             Modal Reductionism", pp. 189--231
     7. Nicholas Wolterstorff, "Are Concept-Users World-Makers?", pp.
             233--267
     8. Bruce Aune, "Conceptual Relativism", pp. 269--288
     9. George Bealer, "The Philosophical Limits of Scientific
             Essentialism", pp. 289--365
    10. Jonathan Bennett, "Event Causation: The Counterfactual
             Analysis", pp. 367--386
    11. Jay F. Rosenberg, "Phenomenological Ontology Revisited: A
             Bergmannian Retrospective", pp. 387--404
    12. Hector-Neri Castaneda, "Self-Consciousness, Demonstrative
             Reference, and the Self-Ascription View of Believing",
	     pp. 405--454
    13. Stephen Schiffer, "The `Fido'-Fido Theory of Belief", pp.
             455--480
    14. Romane Clark, "Objects of Consciousness: The Non-Relational
             Theory of Sensing", pp. 481--500
    15. Felicia Ackerman, "An Argument for a Modified Russellian
             Principle of Acquaintance", pp. 501--512
    16. William G. Lycan, "Phenomenal Objects: A Backhanded Defense",
             pp. 513--526
  } ,
  topic = {metaphysics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ tomberlin:1987b,
  author = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Naturalism, Actualism, and Ontology},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 12:
	Language, Mind, and Ontology},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {489--498},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@book{ tomberlin:1988a,
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Philosophical Perspectives 2: Epistemology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Alvin Plantinga, "Positive Epistemic Status and Proper
             Function", pp. 1--50
     2. Alvin I. Goldman, "Strong and Weak Justification", pp. 51--69
     3. Roderick M. Chisholm, "The Evidence of the Senses", pp.
             71--90
     4. Stewart Cohen, "How to be a Fallibilist", pp. 91--123
     5. Keith Lehrer, "Coherence, Justification, and Chisholm", pp.
             125--138
     6. Ernest Sosa, "Knowledge in Context, Skepticism in Doubt: The
             Virtue of Our Faculties", pp. 139--155
     7. Risto Hilpinen, "Knowledge and Conditionals", pp. 157--182
     8. Sydney Shoemaker, "On Knowing One's Own Mind", pp. 183--209
     9. Hector-Neri Castaneda, "Knowledge and Epistemic Obligation",
             pp. 211--233
    10. Richard Feldman, "Epistemic Obligations", pp. 235--256
    11. William P. Alston, "The Deontological Conception of Epistemic
             Justification", pp. 257--299
    12. Wilfrid Sellars, "On Accepting First Principles", pp.
             301--314
    13. John L. Pollock, "The Building of Oscar", pp. 315--344
    14. Brian Skyrms, "Deliberational Dynamics and The Foundations of
             Bayesian Game Theory", pp. 345--367
    15. Romane Clark, "Vicious Infinite Regress Arguments", pp.
             369--380
    16. Jaegwon Kim, "What Is "Naturalized Epistemology?", pp.
             381--405
    17. Robert Audi, "Foundationalism, Coherentism, and
             Epistemological Dogmatism", pp. 407--442
    18. Richard Fumerton, "The Internalism/Externalism Controversy",
             pp. 443--459
    19. Marshall Swain, "Alston's Internalistic Externalism", pp.
             461--473
  } ,
  topic = {epistemology;}  
 } 

@book{ tomberlin:1989a,
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: Philosophy of Mind and
  	Action Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Fred Dretske, "Reasons and Causes", pp. 1--15
     2. Carl Ginet, "Reasons Explanation of Action: An
             Incompatibilist Account", pp. 17--46
     3. Terence Horgan, "Mental Quausation", pp. 47--76
     4. Jaegwon Kim, "Mechanism, Purpose, and Explanatory Exclusion",
             pp. 77--108
     5. Brian P. McLaughlin, "Type Epiphenomenalism, Type Dualism,
             and the Causal Priority of the Physical", pp. 109--135
     6. Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, "Functional Explanations and Reasons
             as Causes", pp. 137--164
     7. Lynne Rudder Baker, "On a Causal Theory of Content", pp.
             165--186
     8. Steven E. Boer, "Neo-Fregean Thoughts", pp. 187--224
     9. Paul M. Churchland, "Folk Psychology and the Explanation of
             Human Behavior", pp. 225--241
    10. Nathan Salmon, "Illogical Belief", pp. 243--285
    11. "", pp.
    12. Robert Stalnaker, "On What's In the Head", pp. 287--316
    13. Howard Wettstein, "Turning the Tables on Frege or How is it
    		that `Hesperus is Hesperus' is Trivial?", pp.
		317--339
    14. Takashi Yagisawa, "The Reverse Frege Puzzle", pp. 341--367
    15. Mark Johnston, "Fission and the Facts", pp. 369--397
    16. Peter van Inwagen, "When is the Will Free?", pp. 399--422
    17. Myles Brand, "Proximate Causation of Action", pp. 423--442
    18. "", pp.
    19. Michael E. Bratman, "Intention and Personal Policies", pp.
             443--469
    20. Raimo Tuomela, "Actions by Collectives", pp. 471--496
    21. "", pp.
    22. Michael Devitt, Kim Sterelny, "Linguistics: What's Wrong with
    		`The Right View '\,", pp. 497--531
    23. Graeme Forbes, "Biosemantics and the Normative Properties of
             Thought", pp. 533--547
    24. Jennifer Hornsby, "Semantic Innocence and Psychological
             Understanding", pp. 549--574
    25. Scott Soames, "Semantics and Semantic Competence", pp.
             575--596
  } ,
  topic = {action;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@book{ tomberlin:1990a,
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 4:
  	Action Theory and Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Annette Baier, "What Emotions Are About", pp. 1--29
	2. Gilbert Harman, "The Intrinsic Quality of Experience", pp. 31--52
	3. Ned Block, "Inverted Earth", pp. 53-79
	4. Brian Loar, "Phenomenal States", pp. 81--108
	5. William G. Lycan, "What is the `Subjectivity' of the
		Mental", pp. 109--130
	6. Brian O'Shaughnessy, "The Appearance of A Material
		Object", pp. 131--151
	7. Stephen Schiffer, "Physicalism", pp. 153--185
       10. Sydney Shoemaker, "First-Person Access", pp. 187--214
       11. James Van Cleve, "Mind--Dust or Magic? Panpsychism Versus
       		Emergence", pp. 215--226
       12. Robert Audi, "An Internalist Conception of Rational
       		Action", pp. 227--245
       13. Bruce Aune, "Action, Inference, Belief, and Intention",
       		pp. 247--271
       14. Hector-Neri Castaneda, "Practical Thinking, Reasons for
       		Doing, and Intentional Action: The Thinking of Doing
		and The Doing of Thinking", pp.  273--308
       15. Fred Feldman, "A Simpler Solution to the Paradoxes of
       		Deontic Logic", pp. 309--341
       16. Patricia Smith Churchland, Terrence J. Sejnowski, "Neural
       		Representation and Neural Computation", pp. 343--382
       17. John Haugeland, "The Intentionality All-Stars", pp. 383--427
       18. Bernard W. Kobes, "Individualism and Artificial
       		Intelligence", pp. 429--459
       19. John Pollock, "Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence",
       		pp. 461--498
       20. William Ramsey and Stephen Stich and Joseph Garon,
       		"Connectionism, Eliminativism and The Future of Folk
		Psychology", pp.  499--533
       21. Felicia Ackerman, "Analysis, Language, and Concepts: The
       		Second Paradox of Analysis", pp. 535--543
       22. Roderick M. Chisholm, "Referring to Things That No Longer
       		Exist", pp. 545--556
       23. Richard E. Grandy, "Understanding and the Principle of
       		Compositionality", pp. 557--572
       24. James E. Tomberlin, "Belief, Nominalism, and
       		Quantification", pp. 573--579
   } ,
  topic = {action;philosophy-of-mind;}  
 } 

@book{ tomberlin:1993a,
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Ernest Sosa, "Epistemology, Realism, and Truth: The First
		Philosophical Perspectives Lecture", pp. 1--16
	2. George Bealer, "A Solution to Frege's Puzzle", pp. 17--60
	3. Christopher Menzel, "The Proper Treatment of Predication
		in Fine-Grained Intensional Logic", pp. 61--87
	4. Stephen Neale, "Term Limits", pp. 89--123
	5. Nathan Salmon, "Analyticity and Apriority", pp. 125--133
	6. Takashi Yagisawa, "A Semantic Solution to Frege's Puzzle",
		pp. 135--154
	7. Keith S. Donnellan, "There Is a Word for that Kind of
		Thing: An Investigation of Two Thought Experiments",
		pp. 155--171
       10. James Higginbotham, "Grammatical Form and Logical Form",
       		pp. 173--196
       11. Genoveva Marti, "The Source of Intensionality", pp. 197--206
       12. Mark Richard, "Articulated Terms", pp. 207--230
       13. Stephen Schiffer, "Actual-Language Relations", pp. 231--258
       14. Simon Blackburn, "Circles, Finks, Smells and
       		Biconditionals", pp. 259--279
       15. Michael Devitt, "A Critique of the Case for Semantic
       		Holism", pp. 281--306
       16. Mark Johnston, "Verificationism as Philosophical
       		Narcissism", pp. 307--330
       17. J. Michael Dunn, "Star and Perp: Two Treatments of
       		Negation", pp. 331--357
       18. Anil Gupta, "Minimalism", pp. 359--369
       19. Stephen Yablo, "Hop, Skip and Jump: The Agonistic
       		Conception of Truth", pp. 371--396
       20. K. Anthony Appiah, "\,`Only-Ifs'\,", pp. 397--410
       21. William G. Lycan, "MPP, Rip", pp. 411--428
       22. D. M. Armstrong, "A World of States of Affairs", pp. 429--440
       23. Terence Parsons, "On Denoting Propositions and
       		Facts", pp. 441--460
       24. G. W. Fitch, "Non Denoting", pp. 461--486
       25. Michael Jubien, "Proper Names", pp. 487--504
       26. Jay F. Rosenberg, "Another Look at Proper
       		Names", pp. 505--530
   } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ tomberlin:1994a,
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Kit Fine, "Essence and Modality: The Second Philosophical
		Perspectives Lecture", pp. 1--16
	2. Lynne Rudder Baker, "Content and Context", pp. 17--32
	3. Paul A. Boghossian, "The Transparency of Mental
		Content", pp. 33--50
	4. Brian Loar, "Self-Interpretation and the Constitution of
		Reference", pp. 51--74
	5. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "On Unclear and Indistinct
		Ideas", pp. 75--100
	6. Jerry Fodor and Ernie Lepore, "Is Radical Interpretation
		Possible?", pp. 101--119
	7. Donald Davidson, "Radical Interpretation Interpreted", pp. 121--128
        8. Felicia Ackerman, "Roots and Consequences of
       		Vagueness", pp. 129--136
        9. David Cowles, "On Van Inwagen's Defense of Vague
       		Identity", pp. 137--158
       10. Terence Horgan, "Robust Vagueness and the Forced-March
       		Sorites Paradox", pp. 159--188
       11. Michael Tye, "Sorites Paradoxes and the Semantics of
       		Vagueness", pp. 189--206
       12. Peter van Inwagen, "Composition as Identity", pp. 207--220
       13. Jeffrey C. King, "Anaphora and Operators", pp. 221--250
       14. Scott Soames, "Attitudes and Anaphora", pp. 251--272
       15. Tomis Kapitan, "Exports and Imports: Anaphora in
       		Attitudinal Ascriptions", pp. 273--292
       16. Thomas McKay, "Names, Causal Chains, and De Re
       		Beliefs", pp. 293--302
       17. Michael McKinsey, "Individuating Beliefs", pp. 303--330
       18. Jon Barwise and Jerry Seligman, "The Rights and Wrongs of
       		Natural Regularity", pp. 331--364
       19. Nuel Belnap and Mitchell Green, "Indeterminism and the Thin
       		Red Line", pp. 365--388
       20. Marvin Belzer, Barry Loewer, "Hector Meets 3-D: A
       		Diaphilosophical Epic", pp. 389--414
       21. Graeme Forbes, "A New Riddle of Existence", pp. 415--430
       22. Bernard Linsky and Edward N. Zalta, "In Defense of the
       		Simplest Quantified Modal Logic", pp. 431--458
       23. James E. Tomberlin and Frank McGuinness, "Troubles with
       		Actualism", pp. 459--466
   } ,
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ tomberlin-mcguinness:1994a,
  author = {James E. Tomberlin and Frank McGuinness},
  title = {Troubles with Actualism},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {459--466},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;(non)existence;;}  
  } 

@book{ tomberlin:1996a,
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Philosophical Perspectives 10: Metaphysics},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {metaphysics;}  
 } 

@book{ tomberlin:1997a,
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
	1. Nathan Salmon, "Wholes, Parts, and Numbers"
	2. Bas C. van Fraassen, "Putnam's Paradox: Metaphysical Realism
			Revamped and Evaded"
	3. Takasu Yagisawa, "A Somewhat Russellian Theory of Intensional
			Contexts"
	4. Nathan Salmon, "Wholes, Parts, and Numbers"
	5. Bas C. van Fraassen, "Putnam's Paradox: Metaphysical Realism
			Revamped and Evaded"
	6. Takasu Yagisawa, "A Somewhat Russellian Theory of Intensional
			Contexts"
	7. Louise M. Anthony and Joseph Levine, "Reduction with Autonomy"
	8. Ned Block, "Anti-Reductionism Slaps Back"
	9. Marian David, "Kim's Functionalism"
       10. Jerry Fodor, "Special Sciences: Still Autonomous after All These
			Years"
       11. Terence Horgan, "Kim on Mental Causation and Causal Explanation"
       12. Jaegwon Kim, "The Mind-Body Problem: Taking Stock
       			after Forty Years"
       13. Brian P. McLaughlin, "Supervenience, Vagueness, and Determinism"
       14. Alfred R. Mele, "Agency and Mental Action"
       15. Stephen Yablo, "Wide Causation"
       16. Sydney Shoemaker, "Self and Substance"
       17. Peter van Inwagen, "Materialism and the Psychological-Continuity
			Account of Personal Identity"
       18. Peter Woodruff and Terence D. Parsons, "Indeterminacy of Identity
			of Objects and Sets"
       19. Roy Sorensen, "The Metaphysics of Precision and Scientific
       			Language"},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophical-realism;causality;}  
 } 

@book{ tomberlin:1998a,
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Tyler Burge, "Computer Proof, Apriori Knowledge, and
     		Other Minds", pp. 1--37
     2. Joseph Almog, "The Subject Verb Object Class {I}", pp. 39-- 76
     3. Joseph Almog, "The Subject Verb Object Class {II}", pp. 77--104
     4. Akeel Bilgrami, "Why Holism is Harmless and
     		Necessary", pp. 105--126
     5. Robert Brandom, "Actions, Norms, and Practical
     		Reasoning", pp. 127--139
     6. Kirk Ludwig and Greg Ray, "Semantics for Opaque
     		Contexts", pp. 141--161
     7. Matthew McGrath, "Proportion and Mental Causation: A
     		Fit?", pp. 167--176
     8. Harry Deutsch, "Identity and General
     		Similarity", pp. 177--199
     9. Frank Jackson, "Reference and Description
     		Revisited", pp. 201--218
    10. Mark Norris Lance, "Some Reflections on the Sport of
    		Language", pp. 219--240
    11. Huw Price, "Three Norms of Assertibility or How the MOA
    		Became Extinct", pp. 241--254
    12. Mark Richard, "Commitment", pp. 255--281
    13. C.B. Martin and John Heil, "Rules and Powers", pp. 283--312
    14. Scott Soames, "Facts, Truth Conditions, and the Skeptical
    		Solution to the Rule-Following Paradox", pp. 313--348
    15. John O'Leary-Hawthorne and Jeffrey K. McDonough, "Numbers,
    		Minds, and Bodies: A Fresh Look at Mind-Body
		Dualism", pp. 349--371
    16. David Papineau, "Mind the Gap", pp. 373--388
    17. Timothy Williamson, "The Broadness of the Mental: Some
    		Logical Considerations", pp. 389--410
    18. Karen Neander, "The Division of Phenomenal Labor: A
    		Problem for Representational Theories of
		Consciousness", pp. 411--434
    19. Georges Rey, "A Narrow Representationalist Account
    		of Qualitative Experience", pp. 435--457
    20. Michael Tye, "Inverted Earth, Swampman, and
    		Representationalism", pp. 459--477
    21. William G. Lycan, "In Defense of the Representational
    		Theory of Qualia (Replies to {N}eander,
		{R}ey, and {T}ye", pp. 479--487
    22. James E. Tomberlin, "Naturalism, Actualism, and
    		Ontology", pp. 489--498
    23. Michael Devitt, "Putting Metaphysics First: A Response
    		to {J}ames {T}omberlin", pp. 499--502
    24. Terence Horgan, "Actualism, Quantification, and
    		Contextual Semantics", pp. 503--509
  } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophical-realism;causality;}  
 } 

@incollection{ tomberlin:1998b,
  author = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Naturalism, Actualism, and Ontology},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {489--498},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tomberlin:1998c,
  author = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Naturalism, Actualism, and Ontology},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {489--498},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;}  
  } 

@book{ tomberlin:1999a,
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Philosophical Perspectives 13: Epistemology, 1999},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {epistemology;}  
 } 

@book{ tomberlin:2000a,
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Peter van Inwagen, "Free Will Remains a Mystery", pp. 1--19
     2. Randolph Clarke, "Modest Libertarianism", pp. 21--45
     3. Eleonore Stump and John Martin Fischer, "Transfer Principles
     		and Moral Responsibility", pp. 47--55
     4. Robert Kane, "The Dual Regress of Free Will and the Role
     		of Alternative Possibilities", pp. 57--79
     5. Tomis Kapitan, "Autonomy and Manipulated Freedom", pp. 81--103
     6. Timothy O'Conner, "Causality, Mind, and Free Will", pp. 105--117
     7. Derk Pereboom, "Alternative Possibilities and Causal
     		Histories", pp. 119--137
     8. Kadri Vihvelin, "Libertarian Compatibilism", pp. 139--166
     9. Ted A. Warfield, "Causal Determinism and Human Freedom
     		Incompatible: A New Argument for
		Alternative Possibilities: A Further Look", pp. 181--202
    11. Gideon Yaffe, "Free Will and Agency at Its Best", pp. 203--229
    12. Linda Zagzebski, "Does Libertarianian Freedom Require
    		Alternative Possibilities?", pp. 231--248
    13. Michael E. Bratman, "Valuing and the Will", pp. 249--265
    14. Carl Ginet, "The Epistemic Requirements for Moral
    		Responsibility", pp. 279--300
    15. Alfred R. Mele, "Goal-Directed Action: Teleological
    		Explanations, Causal Theories, and Deviance", pp. 267--277
    16. Walter Sinnot-Armstrong and Stephen Behnke, "Responsibility in
    		Cases of Multiple Personality Disorder", pp. 301--323
    17. Peter Unger, "The Survival of the Sentient", pp. 325--348
    18. J. David Velleman, "From Self Psychology to Moral
    		Philosophy", pp. 349--377
  } ,
  topic = {action;volition;freedom;}  
 } 

@book{ tomberlin:2001a,
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  title = {Philosophical Perspectives 15: Metaphysics, 2001},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {metaphysics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ tomioka:1995a,
  author = {Satoshi Tomioka},
  title = {[Focus]$_F$ Restricts Scope: Quantifier in {VP} Ellipsis},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {328--345},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifier-scope;sentence-focus;ellipsis;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ tomioka:1999a,
  author = {Satoshi Tomioka},
  title = {A Sloppy Identity Puzzle},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {217--241},
  topic = {sloppy-identity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tomita:1981a,
  author = {Masaru Tomita},
  title = {Why Parsing Technologies?},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  pages = {1--7},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;nlp-technology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tomita:1981b,
  author = {Masaru Tomita},
  title = {Parsing 2-Dimensional Language},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  pages = {277--289},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@book{ tomita:1991a,
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  title = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Masaru Tomita, "Why Parsing Technologies?", pp. 1--7
     2. Sandiway Fong and Robert C. Berwick, "The Computational
     		Implementation of Principle-Based Parsers", pp. 9--24
     3. Yves Schabes and Arivind K. Joshi, "Parsing with Lexicalized
     		Tree Adjoining Grammar", pp. 25--47
     4. Harry Bunt, "Parsing with Discontinuous Phrase Structure
     		Grammar", pp. 49--63
     5. Kent Wittenburg and Robert E. Wall, "Parsing with Categorial
     		Grammar in Predicate Normal Form", pp. 65--83
     6. Brian A. Slator and Yorick Wilks, "{PREMO}: Parsing by
     		Conspicuous Lexical Consumption", pp. 85--102
     7. Kenneth Church and William Gale and Patrick Hanks and
     		Donald Hindle, "Parsing, Word Association, and
		Typical Predicate-Argument Relations", pp. 103--112
     8. Mark Steedman, "Parsing Spoken Language Using Combinatory
     		Grammars", pp. 113--126
     9. Eva Haji\v{c}ov\'a, "A Dependency-Based Parser for Topic
     		and Focus", pp. 127--138
    10. T. Fujisaki and F. Jelinek and J. Cocke and E. Black
    		and T. Nishino, "A Probabilistic Parsing Method
		for Sentence Disambiguation", pp. 139--152
    11. Bernard Lang, "Towards a Uniform Formal Framework for
    		Parsing", pp. 153--171
    12. John T. Maxwell III and Ronald M. Kaplan, "A Method for
    		Disjunctive Constraint Satisfaction", pp. 173--190
    13. K. Vijay-Shankar and David J. Weir, "Polynomial Parsing
    		of Extensions of Context-Free Grammars", pp. 191--206
    14. Anton Nijholt, "Overview of Parallel Parsing
    		Strategies", pp. 207--229
    15. Henry S. Thompson, "Chart Parsing for Loosely Coupled
    		Parallel Systems", pp. 231--241
    16. Ajay N. Jain and Alex H. Waibel, "Parsing with Connectionist
    		Networks", pp. 243--260
    17. Karen Jensen, "A Broad-Coverage Natural Language Analysis
    		System", pp. 261--276
    18. Masaru Tomita, "Parsing 2-Dimensional Language", pp. 277--289
  	},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}  
 } 

@article{ tomoichi:2000a,
  author = {Takahashi Tomoichi},
  title = {Log{M}onitor: Analyzing Good Plays to Train Player
  	Agents},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {25},
  topic = {RoboCup;robotics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ tompa:1988a,
  author = {Martin Tompa},
  title = {Zero Knowledge Interactive Proofs of Knowledge (A
  	Digest)},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {1--12},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  contentnote = {This is a brief survey of work on protocols that
  	establish K(a,p) without revealing p.},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;communication-protocols;
  	cryptography;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tomuro:1998a,
  author = {Noriko Tomuro},
  title = {Semi-Automatic Induction of Systematic
		Polysemy from {W}ord{N}et},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {108--114},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;polysemy;}  
  } 

@article{ tomuro-lytinen:2001a,
  author = {Noriko Tomuro and Steven L. Lytinen},
  title = {Nonminimal Derivations in Unification-Based Parsing},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {277--285},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;unification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tonfoni:1999a,
  author = {Graziella Tonfoni},
  title = {A Mark up Language for Tagging Discourse
    		and Annotating Documents in Context Sensitive 
		Interpretation Environments},
  booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging:
  	Proceedings of the Workshop},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {94--100},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-tagging;context;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ tonisson:1976a,
  author = {Ivar Tonisson},
  title = {A Formal Semantics for Adjectivals and Adverbials},
  school = {Stanford},
  year = {1976},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {adjectives;adverbs;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ toolan:1996a,
  author = {Michael Toolan},
  title = {Total Speech: An Integrational Approach to Language},
  publisher = {Duke University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Durham, North Carolina},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;metaphor;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ tooley:1984a,
  author = {Michael Tooley},
  title = {Laws and Causal Relations},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {93--132},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {natural-laws;causality;}  
  } 

@book{ tooley:1988a,
  author = {Michael Tooley},
  title = {Causation: A Realist Approach},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {causality;}  
 } 

@article{ tooley:1997a,
  author = {Michael Tooley},
  title = {Review of {\it Laws of Nature}, by {J}ohn {W}. {C}arroll},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {106},
  number = {1},
  pages = {119--121},
  xref = {Review of carroll_jw:1994a.},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@book{ tooley:1997b,
  author = {Michael Tooley},
  title = {Time, Tense, and Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {causality;time;}  
 } 

@article{ torrago:2000a,
  author = {Loretta Torrago},
  title = {Vague Causation},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {34},
  number = {3},
  pages = {313--347},
  topic = {vagueness;causality;conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ torrance:1984a,
  editor = {Steve B. Torrance},
  title = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects
  	of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Chichester},
  ISBN = {085312712-3},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Steve B. Torrance, "Editor's Introduction: Philosophy
     		and {AI}: Some Issues", pp. 11--33
     2. Aaron Sloman, "The Structure of the Space of
     		Possible Minds", pp. 35--42
     3. Anthony Palmer, "The Limits of {AI}: Thought
     		Experiments and Conceptual Investigations", pp. 43--50
     4. Pascal Engel, "Functionalism, Belief, and Content", pp. 51--63
     5. Pierre Jacob, "Remarks on the Language of Thought", pp. 64--78
     6. Ajit Narayanan, "What is it Like to be a Machine?", pp. 79--87
     7. Noelk Mouloud, "Machines and Mind: The Functional Sphere
     		and Epistemological Circles", pp. 88--98
     8. Claudine Tiercelin, "Peirce on Machines, Self-Control
     		and Intentionality", pp. 99--113
     9. James Higginbotham, "Noam {C}homsky's Linguistic
     		Theory", pp. 114--124
    10. Margaret Boden, "Methodological Links between {AI} and
    		Other Disciplines", pp. 125--132
    11. Richard Ennals and Jonathan Briggs, "Logic and
    		Programming", pp. 133--144
    12. Eugene Chouraqui, "Computational Models of Reasoning", pp. 145--
    13. Alan Bundy, "Meta-Level Inference and Consciousness", pp. 156--167
    14. Daniel Kayser, "A Computer Scientist's View of
    		Meaning", pp. 168--176
    15. Masoud Yazdani, "Creativity in Men and Machines", 177--181
    16. Yves Kodratoff and Jean-Gabriel Ganascia, "Learning
    		as a Non-Deterministic but Exact Logical
		Processes", pp. 182--191
  } ,
  topic = {philosophy-and-AI;philosophy-of-AI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ torrance:1984b,
  author = {Steve B. Torrance},
  title = {Editor's Introduction: Philosophy
     		and {AI}: Some Issues},
  booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects
  	of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Steve B. Torrance},
  pages = {11--33},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {philosophy-and-AI;philosophy-of-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ torricetti:1999a,
  author = {Roberto Torricetti},
  title = {The Philosophy of Physics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {052156571-5},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;}  
 } 

@book{ torsun:1995a,
  author = {I.S. Torsun},
  title = {Foundations of Intelligent Knowledge-Based Systems},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {New York},
  contentnote= {TC:
  	1.  Introduction
	2.  Propositional Logic
	3.  First Order Logic
	4.  Axiomatic Systems
	5.  Knowledge Representation
	6.  Deductive Databases
	7.  Revisable Beliefs
	8.  Reasoning Under Uncertainty
	9.  Modal Logic
	10. Temporal Logic
	11. Machine Learning
	12. Multiagent Systems
	13. Logic Programming and Constraint Satisfaction
	14. Meta-Systems
  } ,
  topic = {kr;AI-intro;AI-and-logic;kr-course;}  
 } 

@article{ toth:1995a,
  author = {Jozsef A. Toth},
  title = {Review of {\it Reasoning Agents in a Dynamic World: The
  	Frame Problem}, edited by {K}enneth {M}. {F}ord and {P}atrick
	{J}. {H}ayes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {73},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {323--369},
  xref = {Review: ford_km-hayes:1991a.},
  topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ toulmin-perelman:1960a,
  author = {Stephen Toulmin and Chaim Perelman},
  title = {Rhetoric as a Way of Knowing},
  booktitle = {The Rhetoric of {W}estern Thought},
  publisher = {Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {James L. Golden and Goodwin F. Berquist and William E. Coleman},
  chapter = {12},
  pages = {173--175},
  address = {Dubuque, Iowa},
  topic = {rhetoric;argumentation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ touretzky:1984a1,
  author = {David S. Touretzky},
  title = {Implicit Ordering of Defaults in Inheritance Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {322--325},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  xref = {Republication: touretzky:1984a2.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ touretzky:1984a2,
  author = {David S. Touretzky},
  title = {Implicit Ordering of Defaults in Inheritance Systems},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {106--109},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication: touretzky:1984a2.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ touretzky:1986a,
  author = {David S. Touretzky},
  title = {The Mathematics of Inheritance Systems},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ touretzky:1986b,
  author = {David S. Touretzky},
  title = {Coupling and Double Diamond},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ touretzky:1986c,
  author = {David S. Touretzky},
  title = {Coupling and Directionality},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ touretzky:1986d,
  author = {David S. Touretzky},
  title = {Issues in the Design of Inheritance Systems},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ touretzky-etal:1987a,
  author = {David S. Touretzky and John F. Horty and Richmond H.
  	Thomason},
  title = {A Clash of Intuitions: the Current State of Nonmonotonic
  	Multiple Inheritance Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {John McDermott},
  pages = {476--482},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ touretzky-hinton:1988a,
  author = {David S. Touretzky and Geoffrey E. Hinton},
  title = {A Distributed Connectionist Production System},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {423--466},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {rule-based-reasoning;distributed-processing;
  	connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ touretzky-thomason:1988a,
  author = {David S. Touretzky and Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Inheritance and Generic Reflexives},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence, Volume 2},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell},
  pages = {433--438},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ touretzky:1990a,
  author = {David S. Touretzky},
  title = {{BoltzCONS}: Dynamic Symbol Structures in a Connectionist Network},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {46},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {5--46},
  topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;simulated-annealing;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ touretzky-thomason_rh:1990a,
  author = {David S. Touretzky and Richmond H. Thomason},
  title = {An Inference Algorithm for Networks that Mix Strict
  	and Defeasible Inheritance and Relations},
  booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems:  Proceedings of
  	the Fifth International Symposium},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Z. Ras and M. Zemankova and M. Emrich},
  pages = {212--225},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {inhertiance-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ touretzky-wheeler_dw:1990a,
  author = {David S. Touretzky and Deirdre W. Wheeler},
  title = {A Computational Basis for Phonology},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.},
	Morgan Kaufmann.},
  topic = {phonology;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ touretzky-wheeler_dw:1990b,
  author = {David S. Touretzky and Deirdre W. Wheeler},
  title = {Two Derivations Suffice: The Role of Syllabification
  	in Cognitive Phonology},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.},
	Parsing Project Working Papers 3.},
  topic = {phonology;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ touretzky-etal:1991a,
  author = {David S. Touretzky and Richmond H. Thomason and John F.
  	      Horty},
  title = {A Skeptic's Menagerie: Conflictors, Preemptors, Reinstaters,
             and Zombies in Nonmonotonic Inheritance},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Barbara J. Grosz and John Mylopoulos},
  pages = {478--483},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic= {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ touretzky:1993a,
  author = {David S. Touretzky},
  title = {Review of {\it Neural Networks in Artificial
  	Intelligence}, by {M}atthew {Z}eidenberg},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {62},
  number = {1},
  pages = {163--164},
  topic = {connectionism;}  
  } 

@book{ toussaint:1985a,
  editor = {Godfried T. Toussaint},
  title = {Computational Geometry},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444878068 (U.S.)},
  topic = {computational-geometry;}  
 } 

@book{ toussaint:1988a,
  editor = {Godfried T. Toussaint},
  title = {Computational Morphology: A Computational Geometric Approach to
    the Analysis of form},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444704671 (U.S.)},
  topic = {computational-geometry;}  
 } 

@incollection{ tovena:1999a,
  author = {L.M. Tovena},
  title = {The Use of Context in the Analysis of
			Negative Concord and {N}-Words},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {519--522},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;agreement;}  
  } 

@article{ towell-shavlik:1994a,
  author = {Geoffrey G. Towell and Jude W. Shavlik},
  title = {Knowledge-Based Artificial Neural Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {70},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {119--165},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Hybrid learning methods use theoretical knowledge of a domain
     and a set of classified examples to develop a method for
     accurately classifying examples not seen during training.  The
     challenge of hybrid learning systems is to use the information
     provided by one source of information to offset information
     missing from the other source.  By so doing, a hybrid learning
     system should learn more effectively than systems that use only
     one of the information sources.  KBANN (Knowledge-Based
     Artificial Neural Networks) is a hybrid learning system built on
     top of connectionist learning techniques.  It maps
     problem-specific "domain theories", represented in propositional
     logic, into neural networks and then refines this reformulated
     knowledge using backpropagation.  KBANN is evaluated by
     extensive empirical tests on two problems from molecular
     biology.  Among other results, these tests show that the
     networks created by KBANN generalize better than a wide variety
     of learning systems, as well as several techniques proposed by
     biologists.  } ,
  topic = {connectionist-modeling;explanation-based-learning;
  	machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ towell-voorhees:1998a,
  author = {Geoffrey Towell and Ellen M. Voorhees},
  title = {Discriminating Highly Ambiguous Words},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {125--145},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;lexical-disambiguation;
  	connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@incollection{ towsey-etal:1998a,
  author = {Michael Towsey and Joachim Diederich and Ingo Schellhammer
     		and Stephen Chalup and Claudia Brugman},
  title = {Natural Language Learning by Recurrent Neural Networks:
		A Comparison with Probabilistic Approaches},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in 
  	Language Processing and Computational Natural Language
	Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {David M.W. Powers},
  pages = {3--10},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tracey-moran:1983a,
  author = {Karen Tracey and John P. {Moran, III}},
  title = {Conversational Relevance in Multiple-Goal Settings},
  booktitle = {Conversational Coherence:  Form, Structure and Strategy},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey},
  pages = {116--135},
  address = {London},
  topic = {discourse-coherence;relevance;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ trakhtenbrot:1988a,
  author = {Boris A. Trakhtenbrot},
  title = {Conparing the {C}hurch and {T}uring
	Approaches: Two Prophetical Messages},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {603--630},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {Turing;Church;Church's-thesis;lambda-calculus;}  
  } 

@book{ trask:1996a,
  author = {R.L Trask},
  title = {Historical Linguistics},
  publisher = {St. Martin's Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {semantic-change;historical-linguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ traugott-etal:1986a,
  editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly
  	and Charles Ferguson},
  title = {On Conditionals},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Charles A. Ferguson and Judy Snitzer Reilly and Alice
     	ter Meulen and Elizabeth Closs Traugott, "Overview", pp. 3--20
     2. Jon Barwise, "Conditionals and Conditional
     		Information", pp. 21--54
     3. Philip N. Johnson-Laird, "Conditionals and Mental
     		Models", pp. 55--76
     4. Bernard Comrie, "Conditionals: A Typology", pp. 77--101
     5. Tanya Reinhart, "On the Interpretation of
     		`Donkey'-Sentences", pp. 103--122
     6. Alice ter Meulen, "Generic Information, Conditional
     		Contexts and Constraints", pp. 123--146
     7. Frank Veltman, "Data Semantics and the Pragmatics of
     		Indicative Conditionals", pp. 147--168
     8. Ernest W. Adams, "Remarks on the Semantics and Pragmatics of
     		Conditionals", pp. 169--179
     9. Samuel Fillenbaum, "The Use of Conditionals in Inducements
     		and Deterrents", pp. 179--196
    10. Johan van der Auwera, "Conditionals and Speech
    		Acts", pp. 197--214
    11. John Haiman, "Constraints on the Form and Meaning of the
    		Protasis", pp. 215--228
    12. Ekkehard K\"onig, "Conditionals, Concessive Conditionals
    		and Concessives: Areas of Contrast, Overlap,
		and Neutralization", pp. 229--246
    13. Joseph H. Greenberg, "The Realis-Irrealis Continuum in the
    		Classical {G}reek Conditional", pp. 247--264
    14. Martin B. Harris, "The Historical Development of
    		{\sc si}-Clauses in {R}omance", pp.
    15. Melissa Bowerman, "First Steps in Acquiring
    		Conditionals", pp. 285--308
    16. Judy Snitzer Reilly, "The Acquisition of Temporals and
    		Conditionals", pp. 309--332
    17. Cecilia Ford and Sandra A. Thompson, "Conditionals in
    		Discourse: A Text-Based Study from
		{E}nglish", pp. 353--372
  } ,
  topic = {conditionals;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ traum:1994a,
  author = {David R. Traum},   
  title = {A Computational Theory of Grounding in Natural Language
  	Conversation},
  school = {Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester},
  year = {1994},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Rochester, New York},
  topic = {conversational-record;computational-dialogue;speech-acts;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ traum-allen_jf:1994a,
  author = {David R. Traum and James F. Allen},
  title = {Discourse Obligations in Dialogue Processing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James Pustejovsky},
  pages = {1--8},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ traum:1995a,
  author = {David R. Traum},
  title = {Social Agency and Rationality},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Michael Fehling},
  pages = {150--153},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {communications-modeling;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ traum-etal:1996a,
  author = {David R. Traum and James F. Allen and  P.A. Heeman and C.H.
  	Hwang and N. Martin and M. Poesio and Lenhart K. Schubert},
  title = {Integrating Natural Language Understanding and Plan
  	Reasoning in the {TRAINS}-93 Conversation System},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	University of Rochester.},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st names},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;plan-recognition;}  
  } 

@techreport{ traum-etal:1996b,
  author = {Massimo Poesio and George Ferguson and Peter A. Heeman
  	and Chung-Hee Hwang and David R. Traum},
  title = {Knowledge Representation in the {TRAINS} System},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Rochester},
  number = {633},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Rochester, New York},
  xref = {See poesio-etal:1996a for earlier version.},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;knowledge-representation;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ traum:1999a,
  author = {David R. Traum},
  title = {Computational Models of Grounding in Collaborative
		Systems},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {124--131},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;conversational-record;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ traum-andersen:1999a,
  author = {David Traum and Carl Andersen},
  title = {Representations of Dialogue State for Domain and Task
  		Independent Meta-Dialogue},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jan Alexandersson},
  pages = {113--120},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ traum-nakatani:1999a,
  author = {David R. Traum and Christine H. Nakatani},
  title = {A Two-Level Approach to Coding Dialogue for Discourse
  		Structure: Activities of the 1998 {DRI} Working Group
		on Higher-Level Structures},
  booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging:
  	Proceedings of the Workshop},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {101--108},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-tagging;discourse-structure;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ traverso-spalazzi:1995a,
  author = {Paolo Traverso and Luca Spalazzi},
  title = {A Logic for Acting, Sensing, and Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1941--1947},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {action;action-formalisms;foundations-of-robotics;}  
  } 

@article{ travis:1985a,
  author = {Charles Travis},
  title = {Vagueness, Observation, and the Sorites},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {94},
  pages = {345--366},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ travis:1995a,
  author = {Charles Travis},
  title = {Order out of Messes: Akeel Bilgami: `Belief
		and Meaning'\, } ,
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {104},
  number = {413},
  pages = {133--144},
  topic = {belief;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@article{ travis:1998a,
  author = {Charles Travis},
  title = {Sublunary Intuitionism},
  journal = {Grazer Philosophical Studien},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {55},
  pages = {169--194},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {truth;truth-value-gaps;}  
  } 

@incollection{ trentin-etal:1998a,
  author = {Edmondo Trentin and Yoshua Bengio and Cesare
       		Furlanello and Renato de Mori},
  title = {Neural Networks for Speech Recognition},
  booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Renato de Mori},
  pages = {311--361},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {speech-recognition;neural-networks;}  
  } 

@incollection{ treur:1994a,
  author = {Jan Treur},
  title = {Temporal Semantics of Meta-Level Architectures
    		for Dynamic Control of Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {353--376},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {metaprogramming;semantics-of-programming-languages;}  
  } 

@article{ trigg:1968a,
  author = {Roger Trigg},
  title = {Moral Conflict},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {77},
  number = {305},
  pages = {41--55},  
  topic = {moral-conflict;} 
  } 

@article{ trillas-etal:2000a,
  author = {Enric Trillas and Susana Cubillo and Elena Casti ^–eira},
  title = {On Conjectures in Orthocomplemented Lattices},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {117},
  number = {2},
  pages = {255--275},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A mathematical model for conjectures in orthocomplemented
     lattices is presented.  After defining when a conjecture is a
     consequence or a hypothesis, some operators of conjectures,
     consequences and hypotheses are introduced and some properties
     they show are studied.  This is the case, for example, of being
     monotonic or non-monotonic operators.
      As orthocomplemented lattices contain orthomodular lattices and
     Boolean algebras, they offer a sufficiently broad framework to
     obtain some general results that can be restricted to such
     particular, but important, lattices.  This is, for example, the
     case of the structure's theorem for hypotheses.  Some results
     are illustrated by examples of mathematical or linguistic
     character, and an appendix on orthocomplemented lattices is
     included. } ,
  topic = {relevance-logic;hypothetical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ troelstra:1977a,
  author = {A.S. Troelstra},
  title = {Choice Sequences: A Chapter of Intuitionistic Mathematics},
  publisher = {Oxford Univesity Press},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Oxford},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;intuitionistic-mathematics;choice-sequences;}  
 } 

@article{ troelstra:1983a,
  author = {A.S. Troelstra},
  title = {Analysing Choice Sequences},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {197--260},
  topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;intuitionistic-logic;choice-sequences;}  
  } 

@incollection{ troelstra:1998a,
  author = {A.S. Troelstra},
  title = {Realizability},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Samuel R. Buss},
  pages = {407--473},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Review: arai:1998a.},
  topic = {proof-theory;realizability;}  
 } 

@book{ troelstra-schwichtenberg:2000a,
  author = {A.S. Troelstra and H. Schwichtenberg},
  title = {Basic Proof Theory},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: dyckhoff:2001a.},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ truemper:1998a,
  author = {Klause Truemper},
  title = {Effective Logic Computation},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1998},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Review: hendriks:1999a.},
  topic = {model-construction;}  
 } 

@article{ truesdell:1958a,
  author = {Clifford Truesdell},
  title = {Recent Advances in Rational Mechanics},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {127},
  pages = {729--739},
  topic = {rational-mechanics;}  
 } 

@book{ truesdell:1966a,
  author = {Clifford Truesdell},
  title = {Six Lectures on Modern Natural Philosophy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1966},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0631170758},
  topic = {rational-mechanics;popular-physics;foundations-of-physics;}  
} 

@book{ truesdell:1968a,
  author = {Clifford Truesdell},
  title = {Essays in the History of Mechanics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1968},
  topic = {history-of-physics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ truesdell:1968b,
  author = {Clifford Truesdell},
  title = {The Creation and Unfolding of the Concept of Stress},
  booktitle = {Essays in the History of Mechanics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1968},
  pages = {184--238},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {history-of-physics;}  
 } 

@book{ truesdell:1977a,
 author = {Clifford Ambrose Truesdell},
 title = {A First Course in Rational Continuum Mechanics},
 publisher = {Academic Press},
 year = {1977},
 volume = {1: General Concepts},
 edition = {Second},
 address = {New York},
 topic = {rational-mechanics;}  
 } 

@book{ truesdell:1984a,
  author = {Clifford Truesdell},
  title = {An Idiot's Fugitive Essays on Science:
 	Methods, Criticism, Training, Circumstances},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Berlin},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Experience, THeory and Experiment
	2. The Field Viewpoint in Classical Physics
	3. Modern Continuum Mechanics in Adolescence
	4. Purpose, Method, and Program of Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics
	5. War, Socialism and Quantum Mechanics
	6. The Tradition of Elasticity
	7. Statistical Mechanics and Continuum Mechanics
       10. Our Debts to the French Tradition: `Catastrophes' and
       		Our Search for Structure Today
       11. Draw from the Model and Imitate the Antique
       12. The Role of Mathematics in Science as Exemplified by
       		the Work of the {B}ernoulis and {E}uler
       13. Conceptual Analysis
       14. A Comment on Scientific Writing
       15. Goldstein's Classical Mathematics
       16. Murnaghan's `Finite Descriuption of an Elastic Solid'
       17. Dugas' Historie de la M\'echanique
       18. Jammer's Concepts of Mass in Classical and Modern Physics
       19. Clagett's The Science of Mechanics in the Middle Ages
       20. Stevin's Works on Mechanics
       21. Dugas' La M\'echanique
       22. Costabel's Leibniz and Dynamics
       23. John Bernouli and L'Hospital
       24. The Works of James Bernouli
       25. Daniel Bernouli's Hydrodymica
       26. Rouse and Ince's History of Hydaulics
       27. Hankins' Jean d'Alembert
       28. The Mathematical and Physical Papers of G.G. Stokes
       29. Gillmor's Coulomb
       30. Timoshenko's History of Strength of Materials
       31. Szab\'o's Geschichte der mechanischen Prinzipien und
       		ihrer wichtigsten Anwendungen
       32. Genius Conquers and Despises the Establishment: Newton
       33. Genius Turns the Establishment to Profit: Euler
       34. The Establishment Stifles Genius: Herapath and Waterson
       35. Genius and The Establishment at a Polite Standstill in
       		the Modern University: Bateman
       36. The Scholar's Workshop and Tools
       37. Has the Private University a Future?
       38. Is There a Philosophy of Science?
       39. Supesian Stews
       40. The Scholar: A Species Threatened by the Professions
       41. The Computer: Ruin of Science and Threat to Mankind
       42. Of All and of None
  } ,
  ISBN = {0-378-90703-3},
  topic = {essays-on-science;}  
} 

@incollection{ truesdell:1984b,
 author = {Clifford Truesdell},
 title = {The Computer: Ruin of Science and Threat to Mankind},
 booktitle = {An Idiot's Fugitive Essays on Science:
 	Methods, Criticism, Training, Circumstances},
 publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
 year = {1984},
 pages = {594--631},
 address = {Berlin},
 topic = {philosophy-of-computation;social-impact-of-computation;}  
 } 

@book{ truesdell:1984c,
  author = {Clifford Truesdell},
  title = {Rational Thermodynamics},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387908749},
  topic = {thermodynamics;}  
} 

@book{ truesdell-noll:1992a,
  author = {Clifford Truesdell and Walter Noll},
  edition = {2},
  title = {The Non-Linear Field Theories of Mechanics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540550984 (Berlin: acid-free paper)},
  topic = {field-theory;nonlinear-mathematics;}  
} 

@article{ tsang:1998a,
  author = {Edward Tsang},
  title = {No More `Partial' and `Full Looking Ahead'\, } ,
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {98},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {351--361},
  topic = {search;constaint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tschichold-etal:1997a,
  author = {Cornelia Tschichold and Franck Bodmer and Etienne Cornu and
     		Francois Grosjean and Lysiane Grojean and Natalie
		Kubler and Nicholas Lewy and Corinne Tschumi},
  title = {Developing a New Grammar Checker for {E}nglish as a Second
		Language},
  booktitle = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making
  	{NLP} Work in Practice},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {7--12},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {grammar-checking;
  	intelligent-computer-assisted-language-instruction;}  
  } 

@article{ tsohatzidis:1986a,
  author = {Savas Tsohatzidis},
  title = {Four Types of Counterexample to the Latest Test
  	for Perlocutionary Act Names},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {219--223},
  topic = {speech-acts;}  
  } 

@book{ tsohatzidis:1994a,
  editor = {Savas L. Tsohatzidis},
  title = {Foundations of Speech Act Theory: Philosophical and Linguistic
    Perspectives},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1994},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415095247},
  topic = {speech-acts;}  
  } 

@article{ tsotsos:1995a,
  author = {John K. Tsotsos},
  title = {Behaviorist Intelligence and the Scaling Problem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {75},
  number = {2},
  pages = {135--160},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper argues that the strict computational behaviorist
     position for the modeling of intelligence does not scale to
     human-like problems and performance.  This is accomplished by
     showing that the task of visual search can be viewed within the
     behaviorist framework and that the ability to search images (or
     any other sensory field) of the world to find stimuli on which
     to act is a necessary component of any behaving, intelligent
     agent.  If targets are not explicitly known and used to help
     optimize search, the search problem is NP-hard.  Knowledge of the
     target is of course explicitly forbidden in the strict
     interpretation of the published behaviorist dogma.  Also, the
     paper summarizes the existing neurobiological and behavioral
     realities as they pertain to behaviorist claims.  The conclusion
     is that there is very little support from biology for strict
     behaviorism.  Strict adherence to the philosophy of the
     behaviorists means that efforts to demonstrate that the paradigm
     scales to human-size problems are certain to fail, as are
     attempts to evaluate it as a model of human intelligence.  The
     strict position thus cannot be what the behaviorists really
     mean.  It would benefit the research community if they could
     elucidate their terms, and provide theoretical arguments that
     support claims of scalability.  } ,
  topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;behaviorism;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tsovaltzi-matheson:2002a,
  author = {Dimitra Tsovaltzi and Colin Matheson},
  title = {Formalizing Hinting in Tutorial Dialogues},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {185--192},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {intelligent-tutoring;computational-dialogue;} 
  } 

@article{ tsuji-etal:1998a,
  author = {Marcelo Tsuji and Newton C.A. da Costa and Francisco
  	A. Doria},
  title = {The Incompleteness of Theories of Games},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {6},
  pages = {553--568},
  topic = {foundations-of-game-theory;(in)completeness;}  
  } 

@book{ tully:1988a,
  editor = {James Tully},
  title = {Meaning and Context: {Q}uentin {S}kinner and His Critics},
  publisher = {Polity Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0745601243},
  topic = {context;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ tuomela:1977a,
  author = {Raimo Tuomela},
  title = {Human Action and Its Explanation: A Study on the Philosophical
  	Foundations of Psychology},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {902770824X},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@incollection{ tuomela:1989a,
  author = {Raimo Tuomela},
  title = {Actions by Collectives},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {471--496},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {group-action;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tuomela:1994a,
  author = {Raimo Tuomela},
  title = {Action Generation},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {282--301},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {action;group-action;}  
  } 

@book{ tuomela:1995a,
  author = {Raimo Tuomela},
  title = {The Importance of Us},
  publisher = {Stanford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  topic = {group-action;social-philosophy;}  
 } 

@article{ tur-etal:2001a,
  author = {G\"okhan T\"ur and Dilek Hakkani-T\"ur and Andreas
  	Stolcke and Elizabeth Shriberg},
  title = {Integrating Prosodic and Lexical Cues for Automatic Topic
  	Segmentation},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31--57},
  topic = {speech-segmentation;prosody;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@incollection{ turan:1997a,
  author = {Umit Deniz Turan},
  title = {Ranking Forward-Looking Centers in
	{T}urkish: Universal and Language-Specific Properties},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {139--160},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;Turkish-language;
  	centering;}  
  } 

@article{ turing:1936a,
 author = {Alan M. Turing},
 year = {1936},
 title = {On Computable Numbers With an Application to the
 	{E}ntscheidungsproblem},
 journal = {Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society Series 2},
 volume = {42},
 pages = {230--265},
 topic = {computability;logic-classic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ turmo-rodriguez_h:2000a,
  author = {J. Turmo and H. Rodr\'iguez},
  title = {Learning {IE} Rules for a Set
    	    of Related Concepts},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {115--118},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;text-skimming;}  
  } 

@article{ turnbull:1962a,
  author = {Robert G. Turnbull},
  title = {Ockham's Nominalistic Logic: Some Twentieth Century Reflections},
  journal = {The New Scholasticism},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {36},
  number = {3},
  pages = {313--329},
  topic = {scholastic-philosophy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ turner_eh-etal:1999a,
  author = {Elise H. Turner and Roy M. Turner and John Phelps and
			Mark Neal and Charles Grunden and Jason Mailmen},
  title = {Aspects of Context for Understanding Multi-Modal
			Communication},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {523--526},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;multimodal-communication;}  
  } 

@incollection{ turner_eh-turner_rm:2001a,
  author = {Elise H. Turner and Roy M. Turner},
  title = {Representing the Graphics Context to Support Understanding
  	Plural Anaphora in Multi-Modal Interfaces},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {330--342},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;anaphora;plural;multimodal-communication;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ turner_h:1996a,
  author = {Hudson Turner},
  title = {Splitting a Default Theory},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {645--651},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {default-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ turner_h:1997a,
  author = {Hudson Turner},
  title = {Representing Actions in Logic Programs and Default
  	Theories: A Situation Calculus Approach},
  journal = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {298},
  number = {31},
  pages = {245--298},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;action-formalisms;causality;frame-proiblem;}  
  } 

@article{ turner_h:1999a,
  author = {Hudson Turner},
  title = {A Logic of Universal Causation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {113},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {87--123},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;action-formalisms;causality;}  
  } 

@book{ turner_k:1999a,
  editor = {Ken Turner},
  title = {The Semantic/Pragmatics Interface from Different Points of View},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0080430805},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. K. Turenr, "From a Certain Point of View (Seven Inch Version)"
     2. Nicholas Asher, "Discourse Structure and the Logic of Conversation"
     3. Johan van der Auwera, "On the Semantic and Pragmatic 
     		Polyfunctionality of Modal Verbs"
     4. Kent Bach, "The Semantics-Pragmatics Distinction:
     		What it Is and Why it Matters"
     5. Robyn Carston, "The Semantics/Pragmatics Distinction: A View
     		from Relevance Theory"
     6. Brendon S. Gillon, "English Indefinite Noun Phrases and Plurality"
     7. Yuego Gu, "Towards a Model of Situated Discourse Analysis"
     8. Michael Hand, "Semantics vs. Pragmatics: {ANY} in Game-Theoretical
     		Semantics"
     9. Katarzyna M. Jaszczolt, "Default Semantics, Pragmatics, and
     		Intentions"
    10. Andrew Kehler and Gregory Ward, "On the Semantics and Pragmatics
    		of Identifier `So'\,"
    11. Manfred Krifka, "At Least Some Determiners Aren't Determiners"
    12. Susumu Kubo, "On an Illocutionary Connective Datte"
    13. Chungmin Lee, "Contrastive Topic:  A Locus of Interface Evidence
    		from {K}orean and {E}nglish"
    14. F. Nemo, "The Pragmatics of Signs, the Semantics of 
    		Relevance, and the Semantics/Pragmatics Interface"
    15. Jaroslav Peregrin, "The Pragmatization of Semantics"
    16. A. Ramsay, "Does it Make Any Sense?  Updating $+$ Consistency
    		Checking"
  } ,
  topic = {semantics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ turner_m-fauconnier:1995a1,
  author = {Mark Turner and Gilles Fauconnier},
  title = {Conceptual Integration and Formal Expression},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Posted at http://www.uoregon.edu/\user{}rohrer/turner.htm.},
  xref = {Journal Publication: turner_m-fauconnier:1999a2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;compositionality;}  
  } 

@article{ turner_m-fauconnier:1995a2,
  author = {Mark Turner and Gilles Fauconnier},
  title = {Conceptual Integration and Formal Expression},
  journal = {Journal of Metaphor and Symbolic Activity},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  missinginfo = {pages.  Date is a guess.},
  xref = {Web publication: turner_m-fauconnier:1995a2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;compositionality;}  
  } 

@article{ turner_r1:1981a,
  author = {Raymond Turner},
  title = {Counterfactuals without Possible Worlds},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {453--493},
  topic = {conditionals;philosophy-of-possible-worlds;}  
  } 

@article{ turner_r1:1983a,
  author = {Raymond Turner},
  title = {Montague Semantics, Nominalization and {S}cott's
  	Domains},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {259--288},
  topic = {nominalization;nl-semantics;Scott-domains;}  
  } 

@incollection{ turner_r1:1986a,
  author = {Raymond Turner},
  title = {Formal Semantics and Type-Free Theories},
  booktitle = {Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of
  	Generalized Quantifiers},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof},
  pages = {145--159},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;nl-semantic-types;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ turner_r2:1974a,
  editor = {Roy Turner},
  title = {Ethnomethodology: Selected Readings},
  publisher = {Penguin},
  year = {1974},
  address = {Harmondsworth},
  topic = {ethnomethodology;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ turner_rm:1989a,
   author = {Roy M. Turner},
   year = {1989},
   title = {When Reactive Planning Is Not Enough: {U}sing Contextual
       Schemas to React Appropriately to Environmental Change},
   pages = {940--947},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the
       {C}ognitive {S}cience {S}ociety},
   address = {Detroit, MI},
   missinginfo = {publisher, editor, address},
   topic = {cognitive-robotics;context;contextual-reasoning;}  
   } 

@techreport{ turner_rm:1990a,
  author = {Roy M. Turner},
  year = {1990},
  title = {A Mechanism for Context-Sensitive Reasoning},
  number = {90--68},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of New
		 Hampshire},
  address = {Durham, NH 03824},
  topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;}  
   } 

@inproceedings{ turner_rm:1993a,
  author = {Roy M. Turner},
  title = {Context-Sensitive Reasoning for Autonomous Agents and
  	Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI} Workshop on Using Knowledge
  	in its Context},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Chamb\'ery, France},
  month = {August},
  missinginfo = {editor,publisher,pages},
  topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;distributed-systems;
  	artificial-societies;}  
} 

@book{ turner_rm:1994a,
  author = {Roy M. Turner},
  title = {Adaptive Reasoning for Real-World Problems:  {A} Schema-Based
                 Approach},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  topic = {cognitive-robotics;context;contextual-reasoning;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ turner_rm:1995a,
  author = {Roy M. Turner},
  title = {Context-Sensitive, Adaptive Reasoning for Intelligent {AUV} 
  	Control: {O}rca Project Update},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Unmanned
		  Untethered Submersible Technology},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Durham, NH},
  month = {September},
  missinginfo = {publisher, organization, pages},
  topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ turner_rm:1995b,
  author = {Roy M. Turner},
  title = {Intelligent Control of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles:
  	{T}he {O}rca Project},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1995 {IEEE} International Conference on
		  Systems, Man, and Cybernetics},
  year = {1995},
  publisher = {Vancouver, Canada},
  missinginfo = {editor,pages},
  topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ turner_rm:1997a,
  author = {Roy M. Turner},
  title = {Determining the Context-Dependent Meaning of Fuzzy Subsets},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1997 International and Interdisciplinary
		  Conference on Modeling and Using Context (CONTEXT-97)},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Rio de Janeiro},
  missinginfo = {publisher, pages, editor},
  topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;fuzzy-logic;}  
} 

@article{ turner_rm:1997b,
  author = {Roy M. Turner},
  title = {Context-Mediated Behavior for Intelligent Agents},
  journal = {International Journal of Human-Computer Studies},
  year = {1997},
  missinginfo = {year, pages, volume, number},
  topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;}  
} 

@article{ turner_rm:1998a,
  author = {Roy M. Turner},
  title = {Context-Mediated Behavior for Intelligent Agents},
  journal = {International Journal of Human-Computer Studies},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {48},
  number = {3},
  pages = {307--330},
  month = {March},
  topic = {context;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ turner_rm:1998b,
  author = {Roy M. Turner},
  title = {Context-Mediated Behavior},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on
	Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial
	Intelligence},
  pages = {538--547},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Benicassim, Spain},
  topic = {context;}  
 } 

@incollection{ turner_rm:1999a,
  author = {Roy M. Turner},
  title = {A Model of Explicit Context Representation
			and Use for Intelligent Agents},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {375--388},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;expert-systems;
		nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ turner_rm-etal:2001a,
  author = {Roy M. Turner and Elise H. Turner and Thomas A. Wagner and
    		Thomas J. Wheeler and Nancy E. Ogle},
  title = {Using Explicit, A Priori Contextual Knowledge in
		an Intelligent Web Search Agent},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {343--352},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;information-retrieval;}  
  } 

@article{ turner_sr:1995a,
  author = {Scott R. Turner},
  title = {Review of {\it The Creative Mind}, by {M}argaret {B}oden},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {79},
  number = {1},
  pages = {145--159},
  xref = {Review of boden:1990a.},
  topic = {creativity;}  
  } 

@article{ turney:1990a,
  author = {Peter Turney},
  title = {Embeddability, Syntax, and Semantics in Accounts of
		Semantic Theories},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {4},
  pages = {429--451},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@article{ turvey-carello:1985a,
  author = {M.T. Turvey and Caludia Carello},
  title = {The Equation of Information and Meaning from
		the Perspectives of Situation Semantics and
		{G}ibson's Ecological Realism},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {81--90},
  topic = {situation-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;
  	theories-of-information;}  
  } 

@article{ tuttle:1993a,
  author = {Mark S. Tuttle},
  title = {Review of {\it Representations of Commonsense Knowledge},
  	by {E}. {D}avis and of {\it Building Large Knowledge-Based
	Systems: Representations and Inference in the {CYC} Project},
	by {D}.{B}. {L}enat and {R}.{V}. {G}uha},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {61},
  number = {1},
  pages = {121--148},
  xref = {Review of lenat-guha:1989a and davis_e:1991a.},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ tversky:1972a,
  author = {Amos Tversky},
  title = {Elimination by Aspects: A Theory of Choice},
  journal = {Psychological Review},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {79},
  pages = {281--299},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {decision-making;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tversky:1977a,
  author = {Amos Tversky},
  title = {On the Elicitation of Preferences: Descriptive and
  	Prescriptive Considerations},
  booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  pages = {207--222},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@article{ twine:1984a,
  author = {Nanette Twine},
  title = {The Adoption of Punctuation in {J}apanese Script},
  journal = {Visible Language},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {229--237},
  topic = {punctuation;Japanese-language;}  
 } 

@article{ tye:1990a,
  author = {Michael Tye},
  title = {Vague Objects},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {119},
  pages = {535--557},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
  } 

@article{ tye:1994a,
  author = {Michael Tye},
  title = {Vagueness, Welcome to the Quicksand},
  journal = {Southern Journal of Philosophy, Supplementary Volume},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {1--22},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;fuzzy-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ tye:1994b,
  author = {Michael Tye},
  title = {Why the Vague Need Not be Higher-Order Vague},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {103},
  number = {409},
  pages = {43--45},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tye:1994c1,
  author = {Michael Tye},
  title = {Sorites Paradoxes and the Semantics of Vagueness},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {189--206},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  xref = {Republication: tye:1994c2.},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@incollection{ tye:1994c2,
  author = {Michael Tye},
  title = {Sorites Paradox and the Semantics of Vagueness},
  booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {281--293},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of tye:1994c1.},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@book{ tye:1995a,
  author = {Michael Tye},
  title = {Ten Problems of Consciousness},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {consciousness;}  
 } 

@incollection{ tye:1998a,
  author = {Michael Tye},
  title = {Inverted Earth, Swampman, and
    		Representationalism},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {459--477},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mental-representations;}  
  } 

@book{ tyler:1978a,
  author = {S.A. Tyler},
  title = {The Said and the Unsaid},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1978},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.  Check topic.},
  topic = {d-topic;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@techreport{ tyson-hobbs:1990a,
  author = {Mabry Tyson and Jerry R. Hobbs},
  title = {Domain-Independent Task Specification in the {TACITUS} 
  	Natural Language System},
  institution = {SRI International},
  number = {488},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {nl-understanding;}  
  } 

@article{ tzouvaras:1996a,
  author = {Athanassios Tzouvaras},
  title = {Aspects of Analytic Deduction},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {6},
  pages = {581--596},
  topic = {relevance-logic;cut-free-deduction;}  
  } 

@article{ tzouvaras:1998a,
  author = {Athanassios Tzouvaras},
  title = {Logic of Knowledge and the Liar},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {85--108},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;semantic-paradoxes;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ uchida:1998a,
  author = {Seiji Uchida},
  title = {Text and Relevance},
  booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida},
  pages = {160--178},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {relevance-theory;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ uchii:1971a,
  author = {S. Uchii},
  title = {\,`Ought' and Conditionals},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {17},
  number = {65--66},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ uffink:1996a,
  author = {Jos Uffink},
  title = {The Constraint Rule of the Maximum Entropy Principle},
  journal = {Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--79},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@article{ uhr:1975a,
  author = {Leonard Uhr},
  title = {Review of {\it Computer Models of Thought and Language},
  	edited by {R}oger {C}. {S}chank and {K}enneth {M}ark {C}olby},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {289--292},
  xref = {Review of: schank-colby:1973a.},
  topic = {nlp-survey;AI-survey;}  
  } 

@article{ ullian:1984a,
  author = {Joseph Ullian},
  title = {Relatively About: Loose Composites and Loose Ends},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {83--100},
  topic = {relevance;d-topic;}  
  } 

@article{ ullman:1983a,
  author = {Edna Ullman-Margalit},
  title = {On Presumption},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  volume = {70},
  year = {1973},
  pages = {143--163},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
    } 

@article{ ullrich-byrd:1977a,
  author = {David Ullrich and Michael Byrd},
  title = {The Existensions of {BAlt$_3$}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {109--117},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ ulrich:1972a,
  author = {W. Ulrich},
  title = {What is {R}ussell's Theory of Denoting?},
  year = {1972},
  note = {Unpublished MS, University of California at Irvine},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.  Year is a guess.},
  topic = {Russell;definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@article{ ulrich_d:1983a,
  author = {Dolf Ulrich},
  title = {The Finite Model Property and Recursive Bounds on the Size
  	of Countermodels},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {477--480},
  topic = {finite-model-property;}  
  } 

@book{ underhill:1976a,
  author = {Robert Underhill},
  title = {Turkish Grammar},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nonlinguistic-grammars;Turkish-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ unger:1979a,
  author = {Peter Unger},
  title = {I Do Not Exist},
  booktitle = {Perception and Identity},
  publisher = {Macmillan},
  year = {1979},
  address = {London},
  editor = {G.F. Macdonald},
  missinginfo = {pages, E's 1st name},
  topic = {skepticism;}  
  } 

@article{ unger:1980a,
  author = {Peter Unger},
  title = {There Are No Ordinary Things},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {41},
  pages = {117--154},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {skepticism;vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ unger:1984a,
  author = {Peter Unger},
  title = {Minimizing Arbitrariness: Toward a Metaphysics of
  	Infinitely Many Isolated Concrete Worlds},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {29--51},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {philosophy-of-possible-worlds;conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ unger:1986a,
  author = {Peter Unger},
  title = {Consciousness},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {63--100},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {personal-identity;consciousness;}  
  } 

@book{ unger:1990a,
  author = {Peter Unger},
  title = {Identity, Consciousness and Value},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {metaphysics;epistemology;philosophy-of-mind;skepticism;}  
 } 

@incollection{ unger:2000a,
  author = {Peter Unger},
  title = {The Survival of the Sentient},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {325--348},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {personal-identity;}  
  } 

@book{ uriagereka:1998a,
  author = {Juan Uriagereka},
  title = {Rhyme and Reason: An Introduction to Minimalist
  	Syntax},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {syntactic-minimalism;nl-syntax;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ uribeetxebarria:1995a,
  author = {Myriam Uribe-Etxebarria},
  title = {Negative Polarity Item Licensing, Indefinites and
		Complex Predicates},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {346--361},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;polarity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ urmson:1960a,
  author = {J.O. Urmson},
  title = {Parenthetical Verbs},
  booktitle = {Essays in Conceptual Analysis},
  publisher = {Macmillam},
  year = {1960},
  editor = {Antony Flew},
  pages = {192--212},
  address = {London},
  topic = {parentheticals;}  
  } 

@article{ urmson:1965a,
  author = {J.O. Urmson},
  title = {J.{L}. {A}ustin},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {19},
  pages = {499--508},
  topic = {JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@incollection{ urmson-etal:1969a,
  author = {J.O. Urmson and Willard V.O. Quine and Stuart Hampshire},
  title = {A Symposium on {A}ustin's Method},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {76--97},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ urmson:1978a,
  author = {J.O. Urmson},
  title = {Performative Utterances},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {260--267},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {speech-acts;JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@article{ urquhart:1973a,
  author = {Alasdair Urquhart},
  title = {A Semantical Theory of Analytic Implication},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {212--219},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ urquhart:1981a,
  author = {Alisdair Urquhart},
  title = {Decidability and the Finite Model Property},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {367--370},
  contentnote = {Gives example of recursively axiomatized logic with
  	finite matrix property that is undecidable.  (Every finitely
	axiomatized logic with the FMP is decidable.)},
  topic = {finite-matrix;undecidability;}  
  } 

@article{ urquhart:1984a,
  author = {Alisdair Urquhart},
  title = {The Undecidability of Entailment and Relevant Implication},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {49},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1059--1073},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ urquhart:1986a,
  author = {Alisdair Urquhart},
  title = {Many-Valued Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}:
  	Alternatives in Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {71--116},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {multi-valued-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ urquhart:1993a,
  author = {Alisdair Urquhart},
  title = {Failure of Interpolation in Relevant Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {5},
  pages = {449--480},
  topic = {relevance-logic;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ urquhart:1995a,
  author = {Alisdair Urquhart},
  title = {The Complexity of Propositional Proofs},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {425--467},
  topic = {complexity;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ urquhart:2000a,
  author = {Alisdair Urquhart},
  title = {The Complexity of Linear Logic with Weakening},
  booktitle = {Logic Colloquium'98: Proceedings of the Annual
  	European Summer Meeting of the Association for Symbolic
	Logic},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Samuel R. Buss and Petr H\'ajek and Pavel Publ\'ak},
  pages = {500--515},
  publisher = {Association for Symbolic Logic},
  address = {Poughkeepsie},
  xref = {Review: jervell:2002a.},
  topic = {linear-logic;proof-theory;complexity-theory;} 
  } 

@article{ usberti:1977a,
  author = {Gabriele Usberti},
  title = {On the Treatment of Perceptual Verbs in {M}ontague
  	Grammar: Some Philosophical Remarks},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {303--317},
  topic = {logic-of-perception;Montague-grammar;}  
  } 

@techreport{ uszkoreit-peters:1983a,
  author = {Hans Uszkoreit and Stanley Peters},
  title = {On Some Formal Properties of Metarules},
  institution = {SRI International},
  number = {Technical Note 305},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {GPSG;}  
  } 

@article{ uszkoreit-peters:1986a,
  author = {Hans Uszkoreit and Stanley Peters},
  title = {On Some Formal Properties of Metarules},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {477--494},
  topic = {GPSG;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ utsuro-etal:1993a,
  author = {Takehito Utsuro and Yuji Matsumoto and Makoto Nagao},
  title = {Verbal Case Frame Acquisition From Bilingual Corpora},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {1150--1156},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {automatic-grammar-acquisition;}  
  } 

@article{ uzquiano:2002a,
  author = {Gabriel Uzquiano},
  title = {Categoricity Theorems and Conceptions of Set},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {99},
  number = {2},
  pages = {181--196},
  topic = {set-theory;foundations-of-set-theory;} 
  } 

@incollection{ vaanaen:1995a,
  author = {Jouko Vaanaen},
  title = {Games and Trees in Infinitary Logic: A Survey},
  booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W.
  	Szczerba},
  pages = {105--138},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {infinitary-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vaananen:1997a,
  author = {Jouko V\"a\"an\"anen},
  title = {Unary Quantifiers on Finite Models},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {275--304},
  topic = {quantifiers;finite-models;}  
  } 

@article{ vaananen:2001a,
  author = {Jouko V\"a\"an\"anen},
  title = {Second-Order Logic and Foundations of Mathematics},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {504--520},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;foundations-of-set-theory;} 
  } 

@article{ vaananen-westerstahl:2002a,
  author = {Jouko V\"a\"an\"anen and Dag Westerst\"ahl},
  title = {On the Expressive Power of Monotone Natural Language
  	Quantifiers over Finite Models},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {31},
  number = {4},
  pages = {327--358},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;} 
  } 

@book{ vaina-hintikka:1984a,
  editor = {Lucia Vaina and Jaakko Hintikka},
  title = {Cognitive Constraints On Communication: Representations and
    	Processes},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027714568},
  topic = {pragmatics;communication;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vakarelov:1996a,
  author = {Dimiter Vakarelov},
  title = {Many-Dimensional Arrow Structures: Arrow Logics {II}},
  booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic},
  publisher = {{CLSI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {141--187},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {arrow-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vakarelov:1998a,
  author = {Dimiter Vakarelov},
  title = {Hyper Arrow Structures.  Arrow Logics {III}},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {269--290},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vakarelov:2000a,
  author = {Dimiter Vakarelov},
  title = {Review of {\it Multi-Dimensional Modal Logic}, by
  	{M}aarten {M}arx and {Y}de {V}enema},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {490--495},
  xref = {Review of marx-venema:1997a.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ valberg:1970a,
  author = {J.J. Valberg},
  title = {Some Remarks on Action and Desire},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {67},
  number = {15},
  pages = {503--520},
  topic = {desire;action;}  
  } 

@article{ valdesperez:1994a,
  author = {Ra\'ul Vald\'es-P\'erez},
  title = {Conjecturing Hidden Entities by Means of Simplicity and
  	Conservation Laws: Machine Discovery in Chemistry},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {65},
  number = {2},
  pages = {247--280},
  topic = {computer-assisted-science;}  
  } 

@article{ valdesperez:1995a,
  author = {Ra\'ul Vald\'es-P\'erez},
  title = {Machine Discovery in Chemistry: New Results},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {74},
  number = {1},
  pages = {191--201},
  topic = {computer-assisted-science;}  
  } 

@article{ valdesperez:1996a,
  author = {Ra\'ul Vald\'es-P\'erez},
  title = {A New Theorem in Particle Physics Enabled by
  	Machine Discovery},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {82},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {331--339},
  topic = {computer-assisted-science;computer-assisted-physics;
  	scientific-discovery;}  
  } 

@article{ valdesperez:1999a,
  author = {Ra\'ul E. Vald\'es-P\'erez},
  title = {Principles of Human-Computer Collaboration for
  	Knowledge Discovery in Science},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {107},
  number = {2},
  pages = {335--346},
  topic = {HCI;scientific-discovery;}  
  } 

@incollection{ valdivia:2000a,
  author = {Lourdes Valdivia},
  title = {Vagueness as a Psychological Notion},
  booktitle = {Skepticism},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Ernest Sosa and Enrique Villanueva},
  pages = {282--288},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@techreport{ valencia:1991a,
  author = {V\'ictor S\'anchez Valencia},
  title = {Categorial Grammar and Natural Reasoning},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--91--08},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ valencia:1998a,
  author = {V\'ictor S\'anchez Valencia},
  title = {Polarity, Predicates, and Monotonicity},
  booktitle = {Computing Natural Language},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl},
  pages = {97--117},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {polarity;polarity-sensitivity;}  
  } 

@book{ valente:1995a,
  author = {A. Valente},
  year = {1995},
  title = {Legal Knowledge Engineering: A Modelling Approach},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {legal-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ valentini:1983a,
  author = {Silvio Valentini},
  title = {The Modal Logic of Provability: Cut Elimination},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {471--476},
  topic = {modal-logic;cut-free-deduction;}  
  } 

@article{ valiant:2000a,
  author = {Leslie G. Valiant},
  title = {Robust Logics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {117},
  number = {2},
  pages = {231--253},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Suppose that we wish to learn from examples and counter-examples
     a criterion for recognizing whether an assembly of wooden blocks
     constitutes an arch.  Suppose also that we have preprogrammed
     recognizers for various relationships, e.g., on-top-of(x,y),
     above(x,y), etc.  And believe that some possibly complex
     expression in terms of these base relationships should suffice
     to approximate the desired notion of an arch.  How can we
     formulate such a relational learning problem so as to exploit
     the benefits that are demonstrably available in propositional
     learning, such as attribute-efficient learning by linear
     separators, and error-resilient learning?
      We believe that learning in a general setting that allows for
     multiple objects and relations in this way is a fundamental key
     to resolving the following dilemma that arises in the design of
     intelligent systems: Mathematical logic is an attractive
     language of description because it has clear semantics and sound
     proof procedures.  However, as a basis for large programmed
     systems it leads to brittleness because, in practice, consistent
     usage of the various predicate names throughout a system cannot
     be guaranteed, except in application areas such as mathematics
     where the viability of the axiomatic method has been
     demonstrated independently.
      In this paper we develop the following approach to
     circumventing this dilemma.  We suggest that brittleness can be
     overcome by using a new kind of logic in which each statement is
     learnable.  By allowing the system to learn rules empirically
     from the environment, relative to any particular programs it may
     have for recognizing some base predicates, we enable the system
     to acquire a set of statements approximately consistent with
     each other and with the world, without the need for a globally
     knowledgeable and consistent programmer.
      We illustrate this approach by describing a simple logic that
     has a sound and efficient proof procedure for reasoning about
     instances, and that is rendered robust by having the rules
     learnable.  The complexity and accuracy of both learning and
     deduction are provably polynomial bounded. } ,
  topic = {PAC-learning;rule-learning;foundations-of-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vallantyne:1997a,
  author = {Peter Vallantyne},
  title = {Intrinsic Properties Defined},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {88},
  pages = {209--219},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {internal/external-properties;}  
  } 

@book{ vallduvi:1992a,
  author = {Enric Vallduv\'{\i}},
  title = {The Informational Component},
  publisher = {Garland Publishing},
  year = {1992},
  series = {Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {situation-semantics;information-packaging;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vallduvi:1994a,
  author = {Enric Valldvu\'{\i}},
  title = {The Dynamics of Information Packaging},
  booktitle = {Integrating Information Structure into
		  Constraint-based and Categorial Approaches},
  publisher = {ILLC},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Elisabet Engdahl},
  pages = {1--26},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  note = {DYANA-2 Report R.1.3.B},
  topic = {situation-semantics;information-packaging;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vallduvi:2002a,
  author = {Enric Vallduv\'i},
  title = {Information Packaging and Dialog},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {4},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {information-packaging;} 
  } 

@phdthesis{ vanaken:1982a,
  author = {James H. {van Aken}},
  title = {Intuitive Pictures of Axiomatic Set Theory},
  school = {Princeton University},
  year = {1982},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ vanaken:1987a,
  author = {James {van Aken}},
  title = {Analysis of Quantum Probability Theory {I}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  pages = {267--296},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vanaken:1989a,
  author = {James {van Aken}},
  title = {Analysis of Quantum Probability Theory {II}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3},
  pages = {333--367},
  topic = {quantum-logic;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;}  
  } 

@article{ vanatten-dalen:2002a,
  author = {Mark van Atten and Dirk van Dalen},
  title = {Arguments for the Continuity Principle},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {329--348},
  topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ vanbaalen:1991a,
  author = {Jeffrey {van Baalen}},
  title = {The Completeness of {DRAT}, A Technique for Automatic
  	Design of Satisfiability Procedures},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {514--525},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;theorem-proving;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ vanbaalen:1992a,
  author = {Jeffrey Van Baalen},
  title = {Automated Design of Specialized Representations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {54},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {121--198},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We present a general notion of specialized representation and a
     methodology that automates the design of such representations.
     These representations are combinations of data structure and
     procedure that efficiently perform inferences required in
     solving a problem.  Our implementation of the methodology begins
     with a problem stated in a sorted first-order logic and designs
     a representation for the problem by combining building blocks,
     called representation schemes.  It has a library of
     representation schemes.  A scheme is identified for use in
     designing a representation by matching a description of the
     inferences it performs against one or more statements in a
     problem.  Once a scheme is designed into a representation the
     general problem solver need no longer consider the problem
     statements matched in the scheme identification process because
     the scheme computes the required inferences from those
     statements.  The machinery to perform the required inferences
     has been moved out of the problem solving cycle and into the
     representation.  Experience with the implementation has shown
     that a theorem prover reasoning about a smaller set of
     statements in a specialized representation is dramatically more
     efficient than reasoning about the original set of statements in
     the original representation.  } ,
  topic = {problem-solving;theorem-proving;kr;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanbaalen-fikes:1994a,
  author = {Jeffrey {Van Baalen} and Richard E. Fikes},
  title = {The Role of Reversible Grammars in Translating Between
  	Representation Languages},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {562--571},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;kr-representation-languages;knowledge-sharing;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ vanbeek:1990a,
  author = {Peter {van Beek}},
  title = {Exact and Approximate Reasoning about Temporal Reasoning},
  journal = {Compuational Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {132--144},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ vanbeek-cohen:1990a,
  author = {Peter {van Beek} and Robin Cohen},
  title = {Exact and Approximate Reasoning about Temporal Relations},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {132--144},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ vanbeek:1992a,
  author = {Peter van Beek},
  title = {Reasoning about Qualitative Temporal Information},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {58},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {297--326},
  topic = {qualitative-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanbeek-dechter_r:1994a,
  author = {Peter {Van Beek} and Rina Dechter},
  title = {Constraint Tightness versus Global Consistency},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {572--582},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;constraint-propagation;constraint-networks;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ vanbenthem:1974a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Hintikka on Analyticity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {419--431},
  topic = {analyticity;}  
  } 

@article{ vanbenthem:1975a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {A Note on Modal Formulas and Relational Properties},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {40},
  number = {55--58},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vanbenthem:1978a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Two Simple Incomplete Modal Logics},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {25--37},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vanbenthem:1978b,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Four Paradoxes},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49--72},
  topic = {paradoxes;foundations-of-set-theory;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ vanbenthem:1980a,
  author = {Johan {Van Benthem}},
  title = {General Dynamics},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1/2},
  pages = {159--201},
  topic = {nl-semantics;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanbenthem:1981a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Tense Logic,, Second-Order Logic, and Natural Language},
  booktitle = {Aspects of Philosophical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Uwe M\"onnich},
  pages = {1--20},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {temporal-logic;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanbenthem:1982a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Behind the Scenes of Conditional Logic},
  year = {1982},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Filosophisch Institut,
  	Rijksuniversiteit, Groningen.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@book{ vanbenthem:1983a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {The Logic of Time},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Review: burgess_jp:1984a.},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ vanbenthem:1983b,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Modal Logic and Classical Logic},
  publisher = {Bibliopolis},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Naples},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ vanbenthem:1983c,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Determiners and Logic},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {447--478},
  topic = {nl-semantics;determiners;generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@techreport{ vanbenthem:1983d,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Tenses in Real Time},
  institution = {Department of Mathematics, Simon Frazer University.},
  number = {83-26},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Burnaby, British Columbia},
  topic = {nl-tense;} 
  } 

@incollection{ vanbenthem-doets:1983a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem} and Kees Doets},
  title = {Higher-Order Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {I}:
  	Elements of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {275--329},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {higher-order-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ vanbenthem:1984a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Foundations of Conditional Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {303--349},
  topic = {conditionals;generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanbenthem:1984b,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Correspondence Theory},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}:
  	Extensions of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenthner},
  pages = {167--247},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {modal-logic;modal-correspondence-theory;}  
  } 

@techreport{ vanbenthem:1984c,
  author = {Johan van Benthem},
  title = {Partiality and Nonmonotonicity in Classical Logic},
  institution= {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  number = {CSLI--84--12},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Stanford University, Stanford California.},
  topic = {partial-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanbenthem:1984d,
  author = {Johan van Benthem},
  title = {The Logic of Semantics},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {55--80},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;generalized-quantifiers;categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ vanbenthem:1985a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Situations and Inference},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--8},
  topic = {situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ vanbenthem-termeulen:1985a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  title = {Generalized Quantifiers in Natural Language},
  publisher = {Foris},
  year = {1985},
  missinginfo = {address},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;generalized-quantifiers;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vanbenthem:1986a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Semantic Automata},
  booktitle = {Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of
                   Generalized Quantifiers},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof},
  pages = {1--25},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;automata-theory;finite-state-automata;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ vanbenthem:1986b,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Essays in Logical Semantics},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
		Part I: CONSTRAINTS ON DENOTATIONS
		1. "Determiners"
		2. "Quantifiers"
		3. "All Categories"
		4. "Conditionals"
		5. "Modality and Tense"
		6. "Natural Logic"
		Part II: DYNAMICS OF INTERPRETATION
		7. "Categorial Grammar"
		9. "Semantic Automata"
		Part III: METHODOLOGY OF SEMANTICS
		9. "Semantics as an empirical science"
               10. "The logic of Semantics"
    } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;conditionals;}  
 } 

@techreport{ vanbenthem:1986c,
  author = {Johan van Benthem},
  title = {Categorial Grammar and Lambda Calculus},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland } ,
  topic = {categorial-grammar;lambda-calculus;}  
  } 

@article{ vanbenthem:1987a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Logical Syntax},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2/3},
  pages = {119--142},
  contentnote = {Complexity results for syntax of some logical
  	languages, complexity results on semantic interpretation.},
  topic = {algorithmic-complexity;logical syntax;}  
  } 

@article{ vanbenthem:1989a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Polyadic Quantifiers},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {437--464},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanbenthem:1989b,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Networks and Conditional Logic},
  year = {1989},
  note = {(Handwritten MS.)},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanbenthem:1989c,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Modal Logic as a Theory of Information},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Amsterdam},
  topic = {modal-logic;intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanbenthem:1989d,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Logical Semantics},
  booktitle = {Logic and Linguistics},
  publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen},
  pages = {109--126},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanbenthem:1989e,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Reasoning and Cognition: Towards a Wider Perspective in
  	Logic},
  booktitle = {Logic and Linguistics},
  publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen},
  pages = {185--208},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;philosophical-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vanbenthem:1989f,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Notes on Modal Definability},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {30},
  number = {1},
  pages = {20--35},
  topic = {paradoxes;foundations-of-set-theory;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ vanbenthem:1990a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Categorial Grammar and Type Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {115--168},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ vanbenthem-etal:1990a,
  editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Renate Bartsch and P. {van emde
 	Boas}},
  title = {Semantics and Contextual Expression},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1990},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ vanbenthem:1991a,
  editor = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Logic in Action: Categories, Lambdas, and Dynamic Logic},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Review: israel_dj:1993a.},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ vanbenthem:1991b,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Language in Action},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {225--263},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanbenthem:1992b,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Epistemic Logic: From Knowledge to Cognition},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {167--168},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ vanbenthem:1993a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {The Logic of Cognitive Action},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {810},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vanbenthem:1993b,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Modelling the Kinematics of Meaning},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {93},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  pages = {105--122},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;foundations-of-cognition;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vanbenthem:1993c,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Beyond Accessibility: Functional Models for Modal Logic},
  booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  editor = {Maarten de Rijke},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {1--18},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {modal-logic;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanbenthem:1994a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Temporal Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence
    	         and Logic Programming, Volume 4: Epistemic
				 and Temporal Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and C. Hogger and  J.A. Robinson},
  address = {Oxford},
  missinginfo = {Editor's first names, chapter},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vanbenthem-bergstra:1995a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem} and Jan Bergstra},
  title = {Logic of Transition Systems},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {247--283},
  contentnote = {A transition system is a record of a computation.
  	The paper devises a first-order language for such systems and
	discusses the usual logical issues.  There may be
	applications in AI.},
  topic = {theory-of-computation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanbenthem:1996a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Modal Logic as a Theory of Information},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  address = {Oxford},
  pages = {135--168},
  contentnote = {JvB seems to think that the days of
  	the old semantics for modal logic are numbered.  We
	now have a "flow of information" semantics.  Some of the
	generalizations are interesting, but is it right to state
	this as if there were two schools of thought, opposed to
	one another?},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ vanbenthem:1996b,
  author = {Johan van Benthem},
  title = {Exploring Logical Dynamics},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  ISBN = {1-57586-058-9 (pbk)},
  xref = {Review: moss_ls:2000a.},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;dynamic-semantics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vanbenthem:1996c,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Content Versus Wrapping: An Essay in Semantic Complexity},
  booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic},
  publisher = {{CLSI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {203--219},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {arrow-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ vanbenthem-termeulen:1996a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  title = {Handbook of Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Reviews: kurtonina:2000a, cresswell_mj:1999a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ vanbenthem:1997a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Logic, Language \& Information: The Makings of a
  	New Science?},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--3},
  topic = {cognitive-science;}  
  } 

@article{ vanbenthem-shoham_y1:1997a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem} and Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Editorial: Cognitive Actions in Focus},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {119--121},
  contentnote = {This is an intro to a JLLI issue selecting TARK 1996
  	papers.  They list one theme I don't really see documented in
	the issue, on the structure of cognitive actions.  --RT},
  topic = {agent-modeling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanbenthem:1998a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthem}},
  title = {Changing Contexts and Shifting Assertions},
  booktitle = {Computing Natural Language},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl},
  pages = {51--65},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {context;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanbenthem:2001b,
  author = {Johan van Benthem},
  title = {Language, Logic, and Computation},
  booktitle = {Logic in Action},
  publisher = {Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation,
  	University of Amsterdam},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Johan van Benthen and Paul Dekker and Jan van Eijk and
  	Maarten de Rijke and Yde Venema},
  pages = {7--25},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-belief;} 
  } 

@article{ vanbenthem:2002a,
  author = {Johan van Benthem},
  title = {Extensive Games as Process Models},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {289--313},
  topic = {game-theory;dynamic-logic;} 
  } 

@article{ vanbenthen-israel_dj:1999a,
  author = {Johan {van Benthen} and David Israel},
  title = {Review of {\em {I}nformation Flow: The Logic of
  	Distributed Systems}, by {J}on {B}arwise and {J}erry {S}eligman},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {390--397},
  topic = {information-flow-theory;distributed-systems;
  	reasoning-with-diagrams;}  
  } 

@book{ vanbenthen-etal:2001a,
  author = {Johan van Benthen and Paul Dekker and Jan van Eijk and
  	Maarten de Rijke and Yde Venema},
  title = {Logic in Action},
  publisher = {Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation,
  	University of Amsterdam},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {9057760770},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Johan van Benthem, "Language, Logic, and Computation", pp. 7--25
     2. Paul Dekker, "Updates and Games", pp. 27--50
     3. Jan van Eijk, "Border Crossings", pp. 51--74
     4. Maarten de Rijke, "Computing with Meaning", pp. 75--113
     5. Yde Venema, "Dynamic Models in Their Logical 
     		Surroundings", pp. 115--153
  } ,
  topic = {belief-revision;computational-semantics;context;dynamic-logic;
  	epistemic-logic;game-theory;information-retrieval;mutual-belief;
	nl-syntax;programming-languages;} 
 } 

@incollection{ vancleve:1984a,
  author = {James {van Cleve}},
  title = {Reliability, Justification, and the Problem of Induction},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {555--567},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {induction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vandalen:1983a,
  author = {Dirk {van Dalen}},
  title = {Algorithms and Decision Problems:
		A Crash Course in Decision Theory},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {I}:
  	Elements of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {409--478},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {decidability;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vandalen:1986a,
  author = {Dirk {van Dalen}},
  title = {Intuitionistic Logic},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}:
  	Alternatives in Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {225--339},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ vandalen:1997a,
  author = {Dirk {van Dalen}},
  title = {How Connected is the Intuitionistic Continuum?},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {62},
  pages = {1147--1150},
  number = {4},
  topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ vandalen:2000a,
  author = {Dirk {van Dalen}},
  title = {Brouwer and {F}raenkel on Intuitionism},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {284--310},
  topic = {history-of-logic;foundations-of-mathematics;
  	intuitionistic-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ vandalen-ebbinghaus:2000a,
  author = {Dirk van Dalen and Heinz-Dieter Ebbinghaus},
  title = {Zermelo and the {S}kolem Paradox},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {145--161},
  topic = {history-of-logic;set-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ vandeemter:1995a,
  author = {Kees {van Deemter}},
  title = {Semantic Vagueness and Context-Dependence},
  booktitle = {Formalizing Context},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}},
  pages = {110--117},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {vagueness;context;comparative-constructions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vandeemter:1996a,
  author = {Kees {van Deemter}},
  title = {Towards a Logic of Ambiguous Expressions},
  booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  pages = {203--237},
  topic = {ambiguity;semantic-underspecification;
		logic-of-ambiguity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vandeemter:1996b,
  author = {Kees {van Deemter}},
  title = {The Sorites Fallacy and the Context-Dependence of
  	Vague Predicates},
  booktitle = {Quantifiers, Deduction, and Context},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Makoto Kanazawa and Christopher Pi\~n\'on and Henriette
  	de Swart},
  pages = {59--86},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@book{ vandeemter-peters:1996a,
  editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters},
  title = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review:  ludlow:1997a.},
  contentnote = {TC:
       1. G. Green, "Ambiguity Resolution and Discourse
       		Interpretation", pp. 1--26
       2. Jaap van der Does and Henk Verkuyl, "Quantification and
       		Predication", pp. 27--54
       3. Jerry Hobbs, "Monotone Decreasing Quantifiers in a Scope-Free
       		Logical Form", pp. 55--76
       4. Hideyuki Nakashima and Yasunari Harada, "Situated Disambiguation
		with Properly Specific Representation", pp. 77--99
       5. Sasa Buvac, "Resolving Lexical Ambiguity Using a Formal
       		Theory of Context", pp. 101--124
       6. Anne-Marie Mineur Paul Buitelaar, "A Compositional Treatment of
		Polysemous Arguments in Categorial Grammar", pp. 125--143
       7. Hiyan Alshawi, "Underspecified First Order Logics", pp. 145--158
       8. Massimo Poesio, "Semantic Ambiguity and Perceived
       		Ambiguity", pp. 159--201
       9. Kees van Deemter, "Towards a Logic of Ambiguous
       		Expressions", pp. 203--237
      10. Uwe Reile, "Co-Indexed Labeled {DRS}s to Represent and Reason
       		with Ambiguities", pp. 239--268
  	},
  xref = {Review: ludlow:1997a.},
  ISBN = {1575860295},
  topic = {ambiguity;semantic-underspecification;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vandeemter:1997a,
  author = {Kees van Deemter},
  title = {Context Modeling for Language and Speech Generation},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {48--52},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;context;}  
  } 

@article{ vandeemter-odijk:1997a,
  author = {Kees van Deemter and J. Odijk},
  title = {Context Modeling and the Generation of Spoken Discourse},
  journal = {Speech Communication},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {101--121},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {context;nl-generation;intonation;given-new;}  
  } 

@article{ vandeemter:1998a,
  author = {Kees van Deemter},
  title = {Domains of Discourse and the Semantics of Ambiguous
  	Utterances: A Reply to {G}auker},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {426},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {ambiguity;}  
  } 

@article{ vandeemter:1998b,
  author = {Kees van Deemter},
  title = {A Blackboard Model of Accenting},
  journal = {Computer Speech and Language},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  missinginfo = {pages, number},
  topic = {intonation;speech-generation;d-topic;}  
  } 

@article{ vandeemter:1998c,
  author = {Kees van Deemter},
  title = {Domains of Discourse and the Semantics of Ambiguous 
  	Utterances: A Reply to {G}auker},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {426},
  pages = {433--445},
  xref = {Commentary, inter alia, on: gauker:1997a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;ambiguity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vandeemter:1999a,
  author = {Kees {van Deemter}},
  title = {Contrastive Stress, Contrariety and Focus},
  booktitle = {Focus: Linguistic, Cognitive, and Computational
  	Perspectives},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Peter Bosch and Rob {van der Sandt}},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {s-focus;}  
  } 

@article{ vandeemter-kibble:2000a,
  author = {Kees van Deemter and Rodger Kibble},
  title = {On Coreferring: Coreference in {MUC} and Related
  	Annotation Schemes},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {629--637},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;corpus-annotation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vandeemter-odijk:2000a,
  author = {Kees van Deemter and Jan Odijk},
  title = {Formal and Computational Models of Context for Natural
  	Language Generation},
  booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum},
  pages = {1--21},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {context;nl-generation;d-topic;discourse-representation-theory;} ,
  } 

@incollection{ vandenberghe-decaluwe:1991a,
  author = {R.M. Vandenberghe and R.M. de Caluwe},
  title = {An Entity-Relationship Approach to the Modelling of
  	Vagueness in Databases},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {338--343},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {vagueness;databases;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vandenbosch:2000a,
  author = {Antal van den Bosch},
  title = {Using Induced Rules as Complex Features
            in Memory-Based Language Learning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {73--78},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;rule-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ vandenherik-etal:2002a,
  author = {H. Jaap van den Herik and Jos. W.H.M. Uiterwijk and
  	Jack van Rijswijck},
  title = {Games Solved: Now and in the Future},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {134},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {277--311},
  topic = {game-playing;AI-editorial;} 
  } 

@techreport{ vanderauwera:1975a,
  author = {Johan van der Auwera},
  title = {Semantic and Pragmatic Presupposition},
  institution = {Universiteit Antwerpen},
  number = {Antwerp Papers in Linguistics, No. 2},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Antwerp},
  topic = {presupposition;}  
  } 

@article{ vanderauwera:1983a,
  author = {Johan van der Auwera},
  title = {Introduction---Tasks for Conditionalists},
  journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {243--245},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ vanderauwera:1993a,
  author = {Johan van der Auwera},
  title = {\,`Already' and `Still': Beyond Duality},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {6},
  pages = {613--653},
  topic = {`already';`still';negation;nl-semantics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ vanderberg:1999a,
  author = {Martin van der Berg},
  title = {Questions as First-Class Citizens},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {79--84},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {dynamic-semantics;interrogatives;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanderbosch-daelemans:1998a,
  author = {Antal van der Bosch and Walter Daelemans},
  title = {Do Not Forget: Full Memory in Memory-Based Learning of
  		Word Pronunciation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {195--204},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {speech-generation;corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanderbosch-etal:1998a,
  author = {Antal van der Bosch and Ton Weijters and Walter Daelemans},
  title = {Modularity in Inductively-Learned Word Pronunciation
  		Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {185--194},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {speech-generation;corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ vanderdoes:1991a,
  author = {Jaap {van der Does}},
  title = {A Generalized Quantifier Logic for Naked Infinitives},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {241--294},
  topic = {logic-of-perception;generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ vanderdoes:1992a,
  author = {Jaap {van der Does}},
  title = {Applied Quantifier Logics},
  school = {University of Amsterdam},
  year = {1992},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {Department},
  topic = {quantifiers;}  
 } 

@techreport{ vanderdoes:1993a1,
  author = {Jaap {van der Does}},
  title = {Sums and Quantifiers},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP-93-05},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland } ,
  xref = {Journal publication: vanderdoes:1993a2.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;quantifiers;mereology;}  
  } 

@article{ vanderdoes:1993a2,
  author = {Jaap {van der Does}},
  title = {Sums and Quantifiers},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {5},
  pages = {495--550},
  xref = {Technical report: vanderdoes:1993a2.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;quantifiers;mereology;}  
  } 

@techreport{ vanderdoes:1993b,
  author = {Jaap {van der Does}},
  title = {On Complex Plural Noun Phrases},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP-93-12},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanderdoes-verkuyl:1996a,
  author = {Jaap {van der Does} and Henk Verkuyl},
  title = {Quantification and Predication},
  booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  pages = {27--54},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;distributive/collective-readings;
		nl-quantification;predication;}  
  } 

@article{ vanderdoes-etal:1997a,
  author = {Jaap {Van der Does} and Willem Groeneveld and Frank Veltman},
  title = {An Update on `Might'\, } ,
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {361--380},
  topic = {modal-logic;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vanderdoes-verkuyl:1999a,
  author = {Japp Vanderdoes and Henk Verkuyl},
  title = {Review of {\em Quantification in Natural Languages},
  		Volumes {I} and {II},
		edited by {E}mmon {B}ach, {E}loise {J}elenick,
		and {B}arbara {H}. {P}artee},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {243--251},
  xref = {Review of bach_e-etal:1995ab},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ vanderdoes-vanlambalgen:2000a,
  author = {Jaap Van der Does and Michiel Van Lambalgen},
  title = {A Logic of Vision},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--92},
  topic = {logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ vanderhoek:1992a,
  author = {Wiebe {van der Hoek}},
  title = {Modalities for Reasoning about Knowledge and Quantities},
  school = {Vrije Universiteit van Amsterdam},
  year = {1992},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {modal-logic;epistemic-logic;generalized-quantifiers;}  
 } 

@book{ vanderhoek-etal:1992a,
  editor = {Wiebe van der Hoek et al.},
  title = {Non-Monotonic Reasoning and Partial Semantics},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Chichester},
  ISBN = {0136251463},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;partial-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ vanderhoek-meyer:1992a,
  author = {Wiebe {van der Hoek} and {John-Jules Ch.} Meyer},
  title = {Making Some Issues of Explicit Knowledge Explicit},
  journal = {International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {193--223},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ vanderhoek-derijke:1993a,
  author = {Wiebe {van der Hoek} and Maarten de Rijke},
  title = {Generalized Quantifiers and Modal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {19--58},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanderhoek-etal:1994a,
  author = {Wiebe van der Hoek and John-Jules Ch. Meyer and Jan 
    		Treur},
  title = {Formal Semantics of Temporal Epistemic 
		Reflection},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {332--352},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {metaprogramming;semantics-of-programming-languages;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanderhoek-thijsse:1994a,
  author = {Wiebe {van der Hoek} and Elias Thijsse},
  title = {Honesty in Partial Logic},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {583--594},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;epistemic-logic;partial-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ vanderhoek-etal:1996a,
  author = {Wiebe {van der Hoek} and Jan Jaspars and Elias Thijsse},
  title = {Honesty in Partial Logic},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {56},
  number = {3},
  pages = {323--360},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vanderhoek:1998a,
  author = {Wiebe {van der Hoek}},
  title = {Review of {\em Logic for Applications},
		by {A}nil {N}erode and {R}ichard {A}. {S}hore},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {228--229},
  topic = {applied-logic;logic-programming;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vanderhoek-meyer:1998a,
  author = {Wiebe {van der Hoek} and John-Jules Meyer},
  title = {Temporalizing Epistemic Default Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {341--367},
  topic = {modal-logic;default-logic;temporal-logic;tmix-project;}  
  } 

@article{ vanderhoek:2000a,
  author = {Wiebe van der Hoek},
  title = {Review of {\it Defeasible Deontic Logic}, edited by {D}onald
  	{N}ute},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {89--94},
  xref = {Review of: nute:1997a.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vanderhoek:2000b,
  author = {Wiebe van der Hoek},
  title = {Review of {\em Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
		by {G}rigoris {A}ntoniou},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {125--128},
  xref = {Review of antoniou:1997a.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vanderhoek-etal:2000a,
  author = {Wiebe van der Hoek and Bernd van Linder and John-Jules
  	Meyer},
  title = {On Agents That Have the Ability to Choose},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {79--119},
  topic = {action-formalisms;nondeterministic-action;}  
  } 

@article{ vanderhoek-witteveen:2002a,
  author = {Wiebe van der Hoek and Cees Witteveen},
  title = {Note by the Guest Editors},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--4},
  topic = {belief-revision;} 
  } 

@incollection{ vanderhulst-meyer:1994a,
  author = {M. {van der Hulst} and J.-J.Ch. Meyer},
  title = {An Epistemic Proof System for Parallel Processes},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {243--254},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@techreport{ vanderlinden:1992a,
  author = {Keith {Vander Linden} and Susanna Cumming and James Martin},
  title = {The Expression of Local Rhetorical Relations in
  	Instructional Text},
  institution = {University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of
  	Computer Science},
  number = {CU-CS-585-92},
  year = {1992},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ vanderlinden:1993a,
  author = {Keith {Vander Linden}},
  title = {Rhetorical {R}elations in {I}nstructional {T}ext
  	{G}eneration},
  booktitle = {{ACL} Workshop on Intentionality and Structure in
  	Discourse Relations},
  pages = {140--143},
  address = {Columbus, OH},
  year = {1993},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-structure;pragmatics;}  
} 

@incollection{ vandermeyden:1994a,
  author = {Ron {van der Meyden}},
  title = {Mutual Belief Revision (Preliminary Report)},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {595--606},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;multiagent-epistemic-logic;belief-revision;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vandermeyden:1994b,
  author = {Ron {van der Meyden}},
  title = {Common Knowledge and Update in Finite Environments.  I
  	(Extended Abstract)},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {225--242},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {mutual-beliefs;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vandermeyden:1996a,
  author = {Ron {van der Meyden}},
  title = {Knowledge Based Programs: On the Complexity of Perfect
  	Recall in Finite Environments},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {31--49},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {knowledge-based-programming;algorithmic-complexity;
  	distributed-systems;}  
  } 

@book{ vandersandt:1988a,
  author = {Rob A. {van der Sandt}},
  title = {Context and Presupposition},
  publisher = {Croom Helm},
  year = {1988},
  address = {London},
  topic = {context;presupposition;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ vandersandt:1992a,
  author = {Rob A. {van der Sandt}},
  title = {Presupposition Projection as Anaphora Resolution},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {333--377},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {presupposition;anaphora-resolution;pragmatics;anaphora;}  
  } 

@book{ vandersandt-bosch:1994a,
  editor = {Rob A. {van der Sandt} and Peter Bosch},
  title = {Focus: Linguistic, Cognitive, and Computational
  	Perspectives},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521583055 (hardbound)},
  topic = {focus;nl-processing;}  
 } 

@article{ vanderschraaf-skyrms:1993a,
  author = {Peter Vanderschraaf and Brian Skyrms},
  title = {Deliberational Correlated Equilibria},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {191--227},
  topic = {rationality;decision-theory;Nash-equilibria;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanderschraaf:1994a,
  author = {Peter Vanderschraaf},
  title = {Inductive Learning, Knowledge Asymmetries and Convention},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {284--304},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {game-theory;convention;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ vandertorre-tan_yh:1995a,
  author = {Leendert W.N. {van der Torre} and Yaohua Tan},
  title = {Cancelling and Overshadowing: Two Types of Defeasibility in
  	Defeasible Deontic Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1525--1532},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ vandertorre:1997b,
  author = {Leendert W.N. {van der Torre}},
  title = {Reasoning about Obligations: Defeasibility in
  	Preference-Based Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {Thesis Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ vandertorre-tan_yh:1997a,
  author = {Leendert W.N. {van der Torre} and Yao-Hua Tan},
  title = {Prohairetic Deontic Logic and Qualitative Decision Theory},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {103--111},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vandertorre-tan_yh:1997c,
  author = {Leendert {van der Torre} and Yao-Hua Tan},
  title = {The Many Faces of Defeasibility in Defeasible
             Deontic Logic},
  booktitle = {Defeasible Deontic Logic},
  editor = {Donald Nute},
  pages = {17--44},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  year = {1997},
  topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
    } 

@incollection{ vandertorre-tan_yh:1998a,
  author = {Leendert W.N. van der Torre and Yaohua Tan},
  title = {An Update Semantics for Prima Facie Obligation},
  booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henri Prade},
  pages = {38--42},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {deontic-logic;belief-revision;prima-facie-obligation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ vandertorre-tan_yh:1998b,
  author = {Leendert W.N. van der Torre and Yaohua Tan},
  title = {The Temporal Analysis of {C}hisholm's Paradox},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan},
  pages = {650--655},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {deontic-logic;conditional-obligation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vandertorre-tan_yh:1998c,
  author = {Leendert W.N. van der Torre and Yaohua Tan},
  title = {An Update Semantics for Deontic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vandertorre-tan_yh:1998d,
  author = {Leendert {van der Torre} and Yao-Hua Tan},
  title = {Prohairetic Deontic Logic},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence European Workshop,
  	{JELIA}'98, Dagstuhl, Germany, October 12-15, 1998},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Ulrich
  	Furbach},
  pages = {77--91},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ vandertorre-weydert:1999a,
  author = {Leendert W.N. {van der Torre} and Emil Weydert},
  title = {Risk Parameters for Utilitarian Desires},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Practical Reasoning and Rationality},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {John Bell},
  pages = {48--54},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;risk;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vandertorre-tan:2000a,
  author = {Leon W.N. van der Torre and Yao-Hua Tan},
  title = {Contextual Deontic Logic},
  booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum},
  pages = {143--160},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {context;deontic-logic;conditional-obligation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vandervecken:1980a,
  author = {Daniel Vandervecken},
  title = {A Formal Definition of the Class of Logical Connectors
		of Pragmatics},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Belgian National Science Foundation},
  missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vandervecken:1980b,
  author = {Daniel Vandervecken},
  title = {A Strong Completeness Theorem for Pragmatics},
  year = {1980},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Belgian NAtional Science Foundation},
  missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ vandervecken:1991a,
  author = {Daniel Vandervecken},
  title = {What is a Proposition?},
  institution = {D\'epartement de Philosophie, Universit\'e du Quebec a
  	Montr\'eal},
  number = {9103},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Montr\'eal, Qu\'ebec},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@book{ vanderveer-mulder:1988a,
  editor = {Gerritt C. {van der Veer} and Gijsbertus Mulder},
  title = {Human-Computer Interaction: Psychonomic Aspects},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0387189017 (U.S.)},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ vanderwouden-zwarts:1993a,
  author =  {Ton {van der Wouden} and Frans Zwarts},
  title = {A Semantic Analysis of Negative Concord},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{III}},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner},
  pages = {202--219},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  contentnote = {"Negative concord" is case where 2 negations have semantics
	effect of 1 negation.},
  topic = {negation;}  
  } 

@book{ vandijk:1972a,
  author = {Teun A. {Van Dijk}},
  title = {Some Aspects of Text Grammars. A Study in Theoretical
                   Linguistics and Poetics},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1972},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {text-grammar;discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ vandijk:1976a,
  author = {Teun A. {Van Dijk}},
  title = {Pragmatics of Language and Literature},
  publisher = {North Holland},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {text-grammar;discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ vandijk:1981a,
  author = {Teun A. van Dijk},
  title = {Studies in the Pragmatics of Discourse},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1981},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {text-grammar;}  
} 

@book{ vandijk:1985a,
  editor = {Teun A {van Dijk}},
  title = {Handbook of Discourse Analysis},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
} 

@book{ vandijk:1997a,
  editor = {Teun A {van Dijk}},
  title = {Discourse as Structure and as Process},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  contentnote = {TC:
  		1. T. van Dijk, 	"The Study of Discourse"
  		2. R. de Beauregarde,   "The Story of Discourse Analysis"
  		3. R. tomlin et al.,    "Discourse Semantics"
  		4. S. Cumming & T. Ono, "Discourse and Grammar"
  		5. B. Sandig & M. Seltig, "Discourse Styles"
  		6. A. Gill & K Whedbee, "Rhetoric"
  		7. E. Ochs,		"Narrative"
  		8. F. van Eemeren et al., "Argumentation"
  		9. J. Martin & S. Eggins, "Genres and Registers of Discourse"
  	       10. G. Kress, "Discourse Semiotics"
  	       11. A. Graesser, M. Gernsbacher & S. Goldman, "Cognition"
  	       12. C. Antaki & S. Condor, "Social Cognition and Discourse"
    } ,
  topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ vandijk:1997b,
  editor = {Teun A. {van Dijk}},
  title = {Discourse as Structure and as Process},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. T. van Dijk, 	"Discourse as Interaction in Society"
	2. S. Blum-Kulka,	"Discourse Pragmatics"
	3. A. Pomerantz & B. Fehr, "Conversation Analysis"
	4. P. Drew & M. Soronjen, "Institutional Dialogue"
	5. C. Kramarae, C. West & M. Lazar, "Gender in Discourse"
	6. T. van Dijk et al.,	"Discourse, Ethnicity, Culture, and Racism"
	7. D. Mumby & R. Clair,	"Organizational Discourse"
	8. P. Chilton & C. Schueffner, "Discourse and Politics"
	9. A. Wierzbicka & C. Goddard, "Discourse and Culture"
       10. N. Fairclough & R. Wodak, "Critical Discourse Analysis"
       11. B. Gunnarsson, "Applied Discourse Analysis"
    } ,
  note = {Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction, Volume 1.},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ vandijk:1997c,
  editor = {Teun A. {van Dijk}},
  title = {Discourse as Social Interaction},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
  note = {Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction, Volume 1.},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ vanditmarsch:2002a,
  author = {Hans van Ditmarsch},
  title = {Descriptions of Game Actions},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {349--365},
  topic = {game-theory;epistemic-logic;action-formalisms;} 
  } 

@phdthesis{ vaneck:1981a1,
  author = {J. {Van Eck}},
  title = {A System of Temporally Relative Modal and Deontic Predicate
  	Logic and Its Philosophical Applications},
  school = {Rujksuniversiteit de Groningen},
  year = {1981},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Groningen},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  xref = {Journal Publication: vaneck:1981a1.},
  topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;deontic-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ vaneck:1981a2,
  author = {J. {Van Eck}},
  title = {A System of Temporally Relative Modal and Deontic Predicate
  	Logic and Its Philosophical Applications},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {100},
  pages = {249--381},
  topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ vaneemeren:1987a,
  editor = {Frans H. {van Eemeren}},
  title = {Handbook of Argumentation Theory: A Critical Survey of
    Classical Backgrounds and Modern Studies},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9067653306},
  topic = {argumentation;}  
 } 

@book{ vaneemeren:1993a,
  author = {Frans H. van Eemeren},
  title = {Reconstructing Argumentative Discourse},
  publisher = {University of Alabama Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Tuscaloosa, Alabama},
  ISBN = {0817306978},
  topic = {argumentation;}  
 } 

@book{ vaneemeren:1996a,
  editor = {Frans H. van Eemeren},
  title = {Fundamentals of Argumentation Theory: A Handbook of
  	Historical Backgrounds and Contemporary Developments},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0805818618},
  topic = {argumentation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vaneijck:1983a,
  author = {Jan {van Eijck}},
  title = {Discourse Representation Theory and Plurality},
  booktitle = {Studies in Modeltheoretic Semantics},
  editor = {Alice {ter Meulen}},
  series = {GRASS 1},
  publisher = {Foris},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  year = {1983},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;plural;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ vaneijck:2001a,
  author = {Jan van Eijck},
  title = {Incremental Dynamics},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {319--351},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;anaphora;combinatory-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vaneijck_j:2000a,
  author = {Jan van Eijck},
  title = {Making Things Happen},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--58},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;action-formalisms;}  
  } 

@article{ vaneijk-devries:1975a,
  author = {Jan van Eijk and Fer-Jan de Vries},
  title = {Reasoning about Update Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--45},
  topic = {belief-revision;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vaneijk:1984a,
  author = {Jan van Eijk},
  title = {Discourse Representation, Anaphora and Scopes},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {103--122},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {DRT;anaphora;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vaneijk:2001a,
  author = {Jan van Eijk},
  title = {Border Crossings},
  booktitle = {Logic in Action},
  publisher = {Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation,
  	University of Amsterdam},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Johan van Benthen and Paul Dekker and Jan van Eijk and
  	Maarten de Rijke and Yde Venema},
  pages = {51--74},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {programming-languages;nl-syntax;dynamic-logic;context;} 
  } 

@book{ vaneijk_j:1991a,
  editor = {Jan {van Eijk}},
  title = {Logics in {AI}, Proceedings {JELIA}'90},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Berlin},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  number = {478},
  ISBN = {0387536868},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;logic-in-AI-survey;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ vaneijk_j-devries:1991a,
  author = {Jan {van Eijk} and Fer-Jan {De Vries}},
  title = {Dynamic Interpreation and {H}oare Deduction;
		Extended Abstract},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{I}},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner},
  pages = {65--84},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  xref = {See vaneijk-devries:1992a for article.},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;dynamic-semantics;dynamic-predicate-logic;
		hoare-deduction;}  
  } 

@article{ vaneijk_j-devries:1992a,
  author = {Jan {van Eijk} and Fer-Jan de Vries},
  title = {Dynamic Interpretation and {H}oare Deduction},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--44},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;dynamic-predicate-logic;hoare-deduction;}  
  } 

@book{ vaneijk_j-visser:1994a,
  editor = {Jan {van Eijk} and Albert Visser},
  title = {Logic and Information Flow},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {theory-of-computation;dynamic-logic;information-processing;
  	information-flow-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vaneijk_j-francez:1995a,
  author = {Jan {van Eijk} and Nissim Francez},
  title = {Verb-Phrase Ellipsis in Dynamic Semantic},
  booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why?  Logical Approaches to
       Natural Language},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {29--59},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {ellipsis;dynamic-predicate-logic;dynamic-semantics;
  	presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ vaneijk_j-devries:1996a,
  author = {Jan {van Eijk} and Fer-Jan {de Vries}},
  title = {Reasoning about Update Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {19--45},
  topic = {belief-revision;dynamic-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vaneijk_j-kamp:1996a,
  author = {Jan {van Eijk} and Hans Kamp},
  title = {Representing Discourse in Context},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  pages = {179--237},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {context;discourse-representation-theory;discourse;
  	dynamic-semantics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ vaneijk_j:1997a,
  author = {Jan {van Eijk}},
  title = {Review of {\it The Generic Book}, edited by {G}reg {C}.
  	{C}arlson and {F}. {J}effry {P}elletier},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {339--341},
  topic = {generics;}  
  } 

@article{ vaneijk_r:1999a,
  author = {Rogier {van Eijk}},
  title = {Review of {\em Partiality, Modality, and
  	Nonmonotonicity}, edited by {P}atrick {D}oherty},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {251--254},
  xref = {Review of: doherty:1996a},
  topic = {partial-logic;modal-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanemdeboas-etal:1979a,
  author = {P. {van emde Boas} and T.M.Y. Janssen},
  title = {The Impact of {F}rege's Principle of Compositionality for
  	the Semantics of Programming and Natural Languages},
  year = {1979},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Mathematics, University
  	of Amsterdam.},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {semantics-of-programming-languages;semantic-compositionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanemdeboas-etal:1980a,
  author = {Peter {van emde Boas} and Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof},
  title = {The {Conway} Paradox: Its Solution in an Epistemic Framework},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  year = {1980},
  missinginfo = {Reference may be wrong.  Pages, publisher, etc missing.
  	Reference from fagin-etal:1991a.},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;Conway-paradox;}  
  } 

@techreport{ vanemdeboas-etal:1986a,
  author = {Peter {van emde Boas}},
  title = {A Semantical Model for Integration and Modularization of
  	Rules},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP-86-02},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {proof-theory;databases;}  
  } 

@article{ vaneynde:1998a,
  author = {Frank {van Eynde}},
  title = {Review of {\em Compositional Translation},
		by {M}.{T}. {R}osetta},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {107--110},
  topic = {machine-translation;}  
  } 

@article{ vaneynde:1998b,
  author = {Frank van Eynde},
  title = {Review of {\it Machine Translation and Translation
  	Theory}, edited by {C}rista {H}auenschld and
  	{S}usanne {H}eizmann},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {516--519},
  xref = {Review of: hauenschld-heizmann:1997a.},
  topic = {machine-translation;} 
  } 

@book{ vaneynde-gibbon:2000a,
  editor = {Frank {Van Eynde} and Daffyd Gibbon},
  title = {Lexicon Development for Speech and Language Processing},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-7923-6868-X},
  xref = {Review: brew:2001a.},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;}  
 } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1966a,
  author = {Bas C. {Van Fraassen}},
  title = {Singular Terms, Truth-Value Gaps and Free Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {481--495},
  missinginfo = {number},
  title = {The Completeness of Free Logic},
  journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur {M}athematische {L}ogik und
  	{G}rundlagen der {M}athematik},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {219--234},
  topic = {reference-gaps;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1967a,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Meaning Relations among Predicates},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {161--170},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1967b,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {On Free Description Theory},
  journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur {M}athematische {L}ogik und
  	{G}rundlagen der {M}athematik},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {225--240},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;reference-gaps;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1969a,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Facts and Tautological Entailments},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {66},
  number = {15},
  pages = {477--487},
  topic = {relevance-logic;facts;}  
  } 

@book{ vanfraassen:1971a,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Formal Semantics and Logic},
  year = {1971},
  publisher = {The MacMillan Company},
  address = {New York},
  title = {The Logic of Conditional Obligation},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {417--438},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1972b,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Theories and Counterfactuals},
  year = {1972},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {conditionals;philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1972c,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Letter to {A}rthure {F}ine about `{P}robability
  	and the Logic of Conditionals'\, } ,
  year = {1972},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.},
  topic = {quantum-logic;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanfraassen:1972d,
  author = {Bas C. van Fraassen},
  title = {Inference and Self-Reference},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {695--708},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {context;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanfraassen:1972e,
  author = {Bas C. van Fraassen},
  title = {A Formal Approach to the Philosophy of Science},
  booktitle = {Paradigms and Paradoxes: The Philosophical Challenge
  	of the Quantum Domain},
  publisher = {University of Pittsburgh Press},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Robert G. Colodny},
  pages = {303--365},
  address = {Pittsburgh},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1973a,
 author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
 title = {Values and the Heart's Command},
 journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
 year = {1973},
 volume = {70},
 number = {1},
 pages = {5--19},
 month = {January 11},
 topic = {deontic-logic;moral-conflict;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1973b,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {The Axiological Ought},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1973c,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Construcion on {P}opper Probability Functions},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1973d,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {The {E}instein-{P}odolsky-{R}osen Problem},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.  Marked
  	``Draft (Part I Only)''.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1974a,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Hidden Variables in Conditional Logic},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {40},
  number = {3},
  pages = {176--190},
  topic = {conditionals;supervaluations;quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1975a,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Representation of {P}opper Conditional Probabilities},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.},
  topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1975b,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Strange Tales of Explanation},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a wild guess.},
  topic = {explanation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1975c,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {To Save the Phenomena},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;evidence;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1976a,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Representation of Conditional Probabilities},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {417--430},
  topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1976b,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Notes on Probabilities of Conditionals {II}},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.},
  topic = {conditionals;probability;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1976c,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Notes on Probabilities of Conditionals {III}},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.},
  topic = {conditionals;probability;} 
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1977a,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Erratum},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {365},
  missinginfo = {number},
  note = {Erratum to \cite{vanfraassen:1976a}.},
  topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1977b,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Modelling the Ideal Epistemic Agent},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.},
  topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;probabilistic-semantics;
		epistemic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1977c,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {The Pragmatics of Explanation},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {143--150},
  topic = {explanation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1978a,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Belief and Context},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;context;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1978b,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {A Small Defense of {J}effrey Conditionalization
  	against {L}evi},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1979a,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {A Re-examination of {A}ristotle's Philosophy of
  	Science},
  year = {1979},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.},
  topic = {Aristotle;philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1979b,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Conditionalization: Trivial or False?},
  year = {1979},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1979c,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Perception: {C}arneades and {A}ugustine},
  year = {1979},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanfraassen:1980a,
  author = {Bas C. {Van Fraassen}},
  title = {A Temporal Framework for Conditionals and Chance},
  booktitle = {Ifs: Conditionals, Belief, Decision, Chance, and Time},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1980},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Glenn Pearce and Robert Stalnaker},
  pages = {323--340},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  title = {The Scientific Image},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  year = {1980},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1981a,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Probabilistic Semantics Objectified: {I}. Postulates and
  	Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {371--394},
  topic = {probability-semantics;epistemic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1981b,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Probabilistic Semantics Objectified: {II}. Implication in
  	Probabilistic Model Sets},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {495--510},
  topic = {probability-semantics;epistemic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1981c,
  author = {Bas C. Van Fraassen},
  title = {A Problem for Relative Information Minimizers
  	in Probability Kinematics},
  journal = {British Journal for the Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {375--379},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1982a,
  author = {Bas C. Vanfraassen},
  title = {Epistemic Semantics Defended},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {463--464},
  topic = {epistemic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1982b,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Quantification as an Act of Mind},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {343--369},
  topic = {epistemic-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1982c,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Gentlemen's Wagers: Relevant Logic and Probability},
  year = {1982},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {probability-logic;relevance-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1983a,
  author = {Bas C. {Van Fraassen}},
  title = {Glenn {S}hafer on Conditional Probability},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {467--470},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1984a,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Belief and the Will},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {81},
  pages = {235--256},
  contentnote = {This is the diachronic Dutch Book paper.},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {epistemic-kinematics;probability-kinematics;will-to-believe;
  	belief;volition;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1986a,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {A Demonstration of the {J}effrey Conditionalization Rule},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {17--24},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {conditionalization;probability;probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen-etal:1986a,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen} and R.I.G. Hughes and Glibert Harman},
  title = {A Problem for Relative Information Minimizers in
  	Probability Kinematics, Continued},
  journal = {British Journal for the Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {37},
  pages = {453--475},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanfraassen:1988a,
  author = {Bas C. van Fraassen},
  title = {The Peculiar Effects of Love and Desire},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Self-Deception},
  publisher = {University of California Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Am\'elie Rorty and Brian McLaughlin},
  pages = {123--156},
  address = {Berkeley, California},
  topic = {self-deception;emotion;}  
  } 

@book{ vanfraassen:1989a,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Laws and Symmetry},
  year = {1989},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: morton_a:1993a.},
  topic = {natural-laws;philosophy-of-science;philosophy-of-physics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanfraassen:1991a,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Time in Physical and Narrative Structure},
  booktitle = {Chronotypes: The Construction of Time},
  publisher = {Stanford University Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {J.Bender and D. E. Wellbery},
  pages = {19--37},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {narratives;philosophy-of-literature;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1995a,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Belief and the Problem of {U}lysses and the Sirens},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {77},
  pages = {7--37},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {philosophy-of-belief;will-to-believe;belief;rationality;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1995b,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Fine-Grained Opinion, Probability, and the Logic of Full
  	Belief},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {349--377},
  topic = {probability;epistemic-logic;belief;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1995c,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {`{W}orld' is not a Count Noun},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {139--157},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {foundations-of-modal-logic;philosophy-of-possible-worlds;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanfraassen:1997a,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Putnam's Paradox: Metaphysical Realism
				Revamped and Evaded},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {17--42},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophical-realism;}  
  } 

@article{ vanfraassen:1997b,
  author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}},
  title = {Elgin on {L}ewis' {P}utnam's Paradox},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {2},
  pages = {85--93},
  topic = {realism;truth;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanfraassen:2002a,
  author = {Bas C. van Fraassen},
  title = {Tensed Language with SUbjective Probability},
  year = {2002},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.},
  topic = {tense-logic;epistemic-logic;probability;} 
  } 

@article{ vangelder_a-etal:1991a,
  author = {Allen {van Gelder} and Kenneth A. Ross and John S. Schilpf},
  title = {The Well-Founded Semantics for General Logic Programs},
  journal = {Journal of the {ACM}},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {38},
  number = {3},
  pages = {620--662},
  contentnote = {This paper introduces the well founded partial model
	semantics for logic programs.},
  topic = {logic-programming;well-founded-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ vangelder_t:1995a,
  author = {Timothy {van Gelder}},
  title = {What Might Cognition Be, if not Computation?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {91},
  number = {7},
  pages = {345--381},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vangelder_t:1997a,
  author = {Timothy {van Gelder}},
  title = {The Dynamical Hypothesis in Cognitive Science},
  year = {1997},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Melbourne.},
  topic = {dynamic-systems;foundations-of-cognition;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ vangenabith-crouch:1997a,
  author = {Josef {Van Genabith} and Richard Crouch},
  title = {On Interpreting {F}-Structures as {UDRs}s},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {402--409},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {semantic-underspecification;LFG;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vangulick:1993a,
  author = {Robert {van Gulick}},
  title = {Who's in Charge Here?  And Who's
       		Doing All the Work?},
  booktitle = {Mental Causation},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele},
  pages = {233--256},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {mind-body-problem;explanation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ vanhalteren-etal:1998a,
  author = {Hans {van Halteren} and Jakub Zavrel and Walter Daelemans},
  title = {Improving Data Driven Wordclass Tagging by System
  	Combination},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {491--497},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;machine-learning;}  
} 

@book{ vanhalteren:1999a,
  editor = {Hans {van Halteren}},
  title = {Syntactic Wordclass Tagging},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {079235896-1},
  xref = {Review: ratnaparkhi:2000a.},
  topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vanhalterin:2000a,
  author = {Hans van Halterin},
  title = {Chunking with {WPDV} Models},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {154--156},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;text-chunking;}  
  } 

@article{ vanhalterin-etal:2001a,
  author = {Hans van Halterin and Jakub Zavrel and Walter Daelemans},
  title = {Improving Accuracy in Word Class Tagging through the 
  		Combination of Machine Learning Systems},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--229},
  topic = {machine-learning;part-of-speech-tagging;}  
  } 

@article{ vanharmelen-bundy:1988a,
  author = {Frank van Harmelen and Alan Bundy},
  title = {Explanation-Based Generalisation=Partial Evaluation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {36},
  number = {3},
  pages = {401--412},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We argue that explanation-based generalisation as recently
     proposed in the machine learning literature is essentially
     equivalent to partial evaluation, a well-known technique in the
     functional and logic programming literature.  We show this
     equivalence by analysing the definitions and underlying
     algorithms of both techniques, and by giving a PROLOG program
     which can be interpreted as doing either explanation-based
     generalisation or partial evaluation.  } ,
  topic = {machine-learning;explanation-based-learning;logic-programming;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanharmelen:1994a,
  author = {Frank van Harmelen},
  title = {A Model of Costs and Benefits of
    		Meta-Level Computation},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {248--261},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {metaprogramming;}  
  } 

@book{ vanheijenoort:1967a,
  editor = {Jan {van Heijenoort}},
  title = {From {F}rege to {G}\"odel},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1967},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {Frege;Goedel;history-of-logic;logic-classics;}  
  } 

@article{ vanheijenoort:1977a,
  author = {Jan {van Heijenoort}},
  title = {Sense in {F}rege},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {93--102},
  topic = {Frege;sense-reference;}  
  } 

@article{ vanheijenoort:1977b,
  author = {Jan {van Heijenoort}},
  title = {Frege on Sense Identity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {103--108},
  topic = {Frege;sense-reference;}  
  } 

@article{ vanhentenryck-etal:1992a,
  author = {Pascal {Van Hentenryck} and Helmut Simonis and Mehmet Dincbas},
  title = {Constraint Satisfaction Using Constraint Logic
  	Programming},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {58},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {113--159},
  topic = {constraint-logic-programming;constraint-satisfaction;}  
  } 

@article{ vanhentenryck-etal:1992b,
  author = {Pascal {Van Hentenryck} and Yves Deville and Choh-Man Teng},
  title = {A Generic Arc-Consistency Algorithm and Its
  	Specializations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {57},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {291--321},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Consistency techniques have been studied extensively in the past
     as a way of tackling constraint satisfaction problems (CSP).  In
     particular, various arc-consistency algorithms have been
     proposed, originating from Waltz's filtering algorithm [27] and
     culminating in the optimal algorithm AC-4 of Mohr and Henderson
     [16].  AC-4 runs in O(ed2) in the worst case, where e is the
     number of arcs (or constraints) and d is the size of the largest
     domain.  Being applicable to the whole class of (binary) CSP,
     these algorithms do not take into account the semantics of
     constraints.
      In this paper, we present a new generic arc-consistency
     algorithm AC-5.  This algorithm is parametrized on two specified
     procedures and can be instantiated to reduce to AC-3 and AC-4.
     More important, AC-5 can be instantiated to produce an O(ed)
     algorithm for a number of important classes of constraints:
     functional, anti-functional, monotonic, and their generalization
     to (functional, anti-functional, and monotonic) piecewise
     constraints.
      We also show that AC-5 has an important application in
     constraint logic programming over finite domains [24].  The
     kernel of the constraint solver for such a programming language
     is an arc-consistency algorithm for a set of basic constraints.
     We prove that AC-5, in conjunction with node consistency,
     provides a decision procedure for these constraints running in
     time O(ed). } ,
  topic = {constraint-logic-programming;arc-(in)consistency;}  
  } 

@article{ vanhentenryck:1998a,
  author = {Pascal van Hentenryck},
  title = {A Gentle Introduction to {NUMERICA}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {209--235},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     NUMERICA is a modeling language for stating and solving global
     optimization problems.  It makers it possible to express these
     problems in a notation close to the way these problems are
     stated in textbooks or scientific papers.  In addition, the
     constraint-solving algorithm of NUMERICA, which combines
     techniques from numerical analysis and artificial intelligence,
     provides many guarantees about correctness, convergence, and
     completeness.
      This paper is a gentle introduction to NUMERICA.  It highlights
     some of the main difficulties of global optimization and
     illustrates the functionality of NUMERICA by contrasting it to
     traditional methods.  It also presents the essence of the
     constraint-solving algorithm of NUMERICA in a novel, high-level,
     way.  } ,
  topic = {optimization;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ vanhentenryck:1999a,
  author = {Pascal {Van Hentenryck}},
  title = {Constraint Programming Languages (Abstract)},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {constraint-programming;}  
  } 

@article{ vaninwagen:1974a,
  author = {Peter {van Inwagen}},
  title = {A Formal Approach to the Problem of Free Will and 
  	Determinism},
  journal = {Theoria},
  volume = {40},
  year = {1974},
  pages = {9--22},
  topic = {(in)determinism;}  
    } 

@article{ vaninwagen:1977a,
  author = {Peter {van Inwagen}},
  title = {Reply to {N}arveson},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  volume = {32},
  year = {1977},
  pages = {89--98},
  topic = {causality;(in)determinism;}  
    } 

@article{ vaninwagen:1977b,
  author = {Peter {van Inwagen}},
  title = {Reply to {G}allois},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  volume = {32},
  year = {1977},
  pages = {107--111},
  topic = {causality;(in)determinism;}  
    } 

@article{ vaninwagen:1978a,
  author = {Peter {van Inwagen}},
  title = {Ability and Responsibility},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  volume = {87},
  year = {1978},
  pages = {201--224},
  topic = {ability;blameworthiness;}  
    } 

@article{ vaninwagen:1981a,
  author = {Peter van Inwagen},
  title = {Why {I} Don't Understand Substitutional Quantification},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {281--285},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {substitutional-quantification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vaninwagen:1989a,
  author = {Peter van Inwagen},
  title = {When is the Will Free?},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {399--422},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vaninwagen:1994a,
  author = {Peter van Inwagen},
  title = {Composition as Identity},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8:
  	Logic and Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {207--220},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {mereology;philosophical-ontology;
  	semantics-of-mass-terms;individuation;}  
  } 

@book{ vaninwagen:1997a,
  author = {Peter {van Inwagen}},
  title = {An Essay on Free Will},
  publisher = {Oxford},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford, England},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vaninwagen:1997b,
  author = {Peter {van Inwagen}},
  title = {Materialism and the Psychological-Continuity Account of
  	Personal Identity},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {305--348},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {personal-identity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vaninwagen:2000a,
  author = {Peter van Inwagen},
  title = {Free Will Remains a Mystery},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {1--19},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
  } 

@book{ vankralingen:1995a,
  author = {R.W. van Kralingen},
  year = {1995},
  title = {Frame-based Conceptual Models of Statute Law},
  publisher = {Computer/Law Series, Kluwer Law International},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {legal-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ vankuppevelt:1996a,
  author = {Jan {van Kuppevelt}},
  title = {Inferring from Topics: Scalar Implicatures as
  	Topic-Dependent Inferences},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {19},
  number = {4},
  pages = {393--443},
  topic = {implicature;scalar-implicature;d-topic;s-topic;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ vankuppevelt:1997a,
  author = {Jan {van Kuppevelt}},
  title = {Context and Inference in Topical Structure Theory},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {176--185},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@article{ vanlambalgen:2000a,
  author = {Michiel van Lambalgen},
  title = {Editorial: An Invitation to Cognitive Science},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {145--146},
  topic = {cognitive-science-editorial;}  
  } 

@book{ vanleeuven:1990a,
  editor = {Jan {van Leeuven}},
  title = {Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science: Algorithms and
  	Complexity},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {A},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {algorithms;algorithmic-complexity;}  
 } 

@book{ vanleeuven:1990b,
  editor = {Jan {van Leeuven}},
  title = {Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science: Formal Models
  	and Semantics},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {B},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {semantics-of-programming-languages;}  
 } 

@techreport{ vanleeuwen:1993a,
  author = {Jacques {van Leeuwen}},
  title = {Identity: Quarrelling with an Unproblematic Notion},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP--93--04},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland},
  topic = {identity;}  
  } 

@techreport{ vanlehn:1978a,
  author = {Kurt VanLehn},
  title = {Determining the Scope of {E}nglish Quantifiers},
  institution = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology Artificial
  	Intelligence Laboratory},
  number = {AI-TR-483},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ vanlehn:1985a,
  author = {Kurt VanLehn},
  title = {Review of {\it Machine Learning: An Artificial
  	Intelligence Approach } , by {R}.{S}. {M}ichalski, {J}.{G}.
	{C}arbonell and {T}.{M}. {M}itchell},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {233--236},
  xref = {Review of michalski-etal:1983a.},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ vanlehn:1986a,
  author = {Kurt VanLehn},
  title = {Review of {\it The Architecture of Cognition}, by {J}ohn {R}.
  	{A}nderson},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {28},
  number = {2},
  pages = {235--240},
  xref = {Review of anderson:1983a.},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;foundations-of-cognitive-science;
  	cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ vanlehn:1987a,
  author = {Kurt VanLehn},
  title = {Learning One Subprocedure Per Lesson},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {31},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--40},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     SIERRA is a program that learns procedures incrementally from
     examples, where an example is a sequence of actions.  SIERRA
     learns by completing explanations.  Whenever the current
     procedure is inadequate for explaining (parsing) the current
     example, SIERRA formulates a new subprocedure whose
     instantiation completes the explanation (parse tree).  The key to
     SIERRA's success lies in supplying a small amount of extra
     information with the examples.  Instead of giving it a set of
     examples, under which conditions correct learning is provably
     impossible, it is given a sequence of ``lessons'', where a
     lesson is a set of examples that is guaranteed to introduce only
     one subprocedure.  This permits unbiased learning, i.e., learning
     without a priori, heuristic preferences concerning the outcome.  } ,
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanlehn:1989a,
  author = {Kurt VanLehn},
  title = {Problem Solving and Cognitive Skill Acquisition},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {14},
  pages = {527--579},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {problem-solving;expertise;skill-acquisition;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vanlehn:1992a,
  author = {Kurt VanLehn},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence Programming},
  year = {1992},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department,
  	University of Pittsburgh. Course notes.},
  topic = {AI-programming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ vanleijan-druzdzel:1998a,
  author = {Hans {van Leijan} and Marek Druzdzel},
  title = {Reversible Causal Mechanisms in {B}ayesian Networks},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation},
  year = {1998},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}},
  pages = {24--30},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;causality;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vanlinder-etal:1995a,
  author = {Bernd {van Linder} and Wiebe {van der Hoek} and John-Jules Meyer},
  title = {Actions that Make you Change Your Mind},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {Akedemie Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {103--146},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vanlinder-etal:1997a,
  author = {B. {van Linder} and Wiebe {van der Hoek} and {John-Jules Ch.} 
  	Meyer},
  title = {Seeing is Believing, {\it and So are Hearing and Jumping}},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--61},
  topic = {logic-of-perception;reasoning-about-mental-states;
  	agent-modeling;}  
  } 

@article{ vannoord:1997a,
  author = {Gertjan {van Noord}},
  title = {An Efficient Implementation of the Head-Corner Parser},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {425--456},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;parsing-optimization;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vannoord:1998a,
  author = {Gertjan {van Noord}},
  title = {Treatment of $\epsilon$-Moves in Subset Construction},
  booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State
  	Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Lauri Karttunen},
  pages = {57--68},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {finite-state-automata;construction-of-FSA;}  
  } 

@article{ vannoord:2000a,
  author = {Gertjan van Noord},
  title = {Treatment of Epsilon Moves in Subset Construction},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {61--76},
  topic = {finite-state-nlp;finite-state-automata;}  
  } 

@article{ vanplato:2002a,
  author = {Jan van Plato},
  title = {Review of {\it Proof Theory: History and Philosophical 
  	Significance}, by {V}incent {F}. Hendriks and {S}tig {A}rthur
	{P}ederson and {K}laus {F}rovin {J\o}rgenson},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {431--432},
  xref = {Review of: hendriks_vf-etal:2000a.},
  topic = {proof-theory;} 
  } 

@book{ vanrijsbergen:1979a,
  author = {C.J. {Van Rijsbergen}},
  title = {Information Retrieval},
  publisher = {Butterworths},
  year = {1979},
  address = {London},
  topic = {information-retrieval;vector-space-model;}  
 } 

@book{ vanrootselaar-staal:1967a,
  editor = {B. van Rootselaar},
  title = {Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science {III}},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1967},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {mathematical-logic;philosophy-of-science;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vanrooy:1999a,
  author = {Robert van Rooy},
  title = {Questioning to Resolve Decision Problems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {211--216},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {interrogatives;decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ vanrooy:2001a,
  author = {Robert van Rooy},
  title = {Exhaustivity in Dynamic Semantics: Referential and
  	Descriptive Pronouns},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {5},
  pages = {621--657},
  topic = {anaphora;reference;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vanrooy:2002a,
  author = {Robert van Rooy},
  title = {Relevance Only},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {155--160},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {sentence-focus;`only';} 
  } 

@article{ vansanten:1998a,
  author = {Jan P.H. van Santen},
  title = {Review of {\it Handbook of Standards and Resources for
  	Spoken Language Systems}, edited by {D}affyd {G}ibbon and
	{R}oger {M}oore and {R}ichard {W}inski},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {512--515},
  xref = {Review of: gibbon-etal:1997a.},
  topic = {speech-generation;speech-recognition;} 
  } 

@book{ vansanten-etal:1997a,
  editor = {Jan P.H. van Santen and Richard W. Sproat and Joseph P. Olive
	and Julia Hirschberg},
  title = {Progress in Speech Synthesis},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  note = {Includes CD-ROM},
  ISBN = {0-387-94701-9},
  xref = {Review: williams_b:1998a.},
  topic = {speech-generation;} 
 } 

@article{ vanvoorst:1992a,
  author = {Jan van Voorst},
  title = {The Aspectual Semantics of Psychological Verbs},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--92},
  topic = {argument-structure;event-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ vardi:1985a,
  author = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {A Model-Theoretic Analysis of Monotonic Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi},
  pages = {509--512},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ vardi:1986a,
  author = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {On Epistemic Logic and Logical Omniscience},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the First Conference},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
  pages = {293--305},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ vardi:1988a,
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the  Conference ({TARK} 1988)},
  year = {1988},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ vardi:1989a,
  author = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {On the Complexity of Epistemic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth {IEEE} Symposium on
  	Logic in Computer Science},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {243--252},
  organization = {{IEEE}},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;algorithmic-complexity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vardi:1996a,
  author = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  title = {Implementing Knowledge-Based Programs},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  pages = {15--30},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {knowledge-based-programming;}  
  } 

@book{ varile-zampolli:1997a,
  editor = {Giovanni Battista Varile and Antonio Zampolli},
  title = {Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {8842700185},
  xref = {Review: akman:1999a.},
  topic = {nlp-technology;}  
 } 

@article{ varis:1998a,
  author = {Olli Varis},
  title = {A Belief Network Approach to Optimization and Parameter
  	Estimation: Application to Resource and Environmental
	Management},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {101},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {135--163},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;optimization;}  
  } 

@article{ varzi:1997a,
  author = {Achille C. Varzi},
  title = {Boundaries, Continuity, and Contact},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {31},
  number = {1},
  pages = {26--58},
  topic = {philosophy-of-geometry;continuity;}  
  } 

@article{ varzi:2001a,
  author = {Achille C. Varzi},
  title = {The Best Question},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {251--265},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
  } 

@book{ vaske-grantham:1990a,
  author = {Jerry J. Vaske and Charles E. Grantham},
  title = {Socializing the Human-Computer Environment},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0893914711},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vassallo:2001a,
  author = {Nicla Vassallo},
  title = {Contexts and Philosophical Problems of Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {353--366},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;epistemology;skepticism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vazov:1999a,
  author = {Nikolai Vazov},
  title = {Context-Scanning Strategy in Temporal
			Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {389--402},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ veenstra-vondenbosch:2000a,
  author = {Jorn Veenstra and Antel van den Bosch},
  title = {Single-Classifier Memory-Based Phrase Chunking},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {157--159},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;text-chunking;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ velasquez:1998a,
  author = {Juan D. Vel\'asquez},
  title = {Modeling Emotions and Other Motivations in Synthetic
  	Agents},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan},
  pages = {10--21},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {synthesized-emotions;}  
  } 

@article{ velemans:1993a,
  author = {M. Velmans},
  title = {Consciousness, Causality, and Complementarity},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {409--415},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {consciousness;} ,
  } 

@book{ velleman_dj:1994a,
  author = {Daniel. J. Velleman},
  title = {How to Prove It},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {mathematics-intro;human-theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@book{ velleman_jd:1989a,
  author = {J. David Velleman},
  title = {Practical Reflection},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@article{ velleman_jd:1993a,
  author = {J. David Velleman},
  title = {The Story of Rational Action},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {229--254},
  topic = {foundations-of-utility;}  
  } 

@article{ velleman_jd:1997a,
  author = {J. David Velleman},
  title = {How to Share an Intention},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy and Phenomenological Research},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {57},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--50},
  topic = {intention;group-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ velleman_jd:1998a,
  author = {J. David Velleman},
  title = {Self to Self},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39--76},
  topic = {personal-identity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ velleman_jd:2000a,
  author = {J. David Velleman},
  title = {From Self Psychology to Moral Philosophy},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {349--377},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {cognitive-dissonance;philosophical-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ velmans:1991a,
  author = {M. Velmans},
  title = {Is Human Information Processing Conscious?},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {651--669},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {consciousness;} ,
  } 

@article{ velmans:1991b,
  author = {M. Velmans},
  title = {Consciousness from a First-Person Perspective},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {702--726},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {consciousness;} ,
  } 

@inproceedings{ veloso:1992a,
  author = {Manuela Veloso},
  title = {Automatic Storage, Retrieval, and Replay of Multiple Cases
  	Using Derivational Analogy in {\sc prodigy}},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Computational Considerations in Supporting Incremental
	Modification and Reuse},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {131--136},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {planning;plan-reuse;}  
  } 

@article{ veloso-etal:2000a,
  author = {Manuela Veloso and Michael Bowling and Sorin Achim
  	and Kwan Han and Peter Stone},
  title = {{\sc Cmunited}-98 Small-Robot World Championship Team},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--36},
  topic = {robotics;RoboCup;}  
  } 

@incollection{ veltman:1984a,
  author = {Frank Veltman},
  title = {Data Semantics},
  booktitle = {Truth, Interpretation, and Information: Selected Papers
  	from the Third {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Theo Janssen and Martin Stokhof},
  pages = {43--65},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ veltman:1985a,
  author = {Frank Veltman},
  title = {Logics for Conditionals},
  school = {University of Amsterdam},
  year = {1985},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
 } 

@incollection{ veltman:1986a,
  author = {Frank Veltman},
  title = {Data Semantics and the Pragmatics of Indicative Conditionals},
  booktitle = {On Conditionals},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly
  	and Charles Ferguson},
  missinginfo = {147--167},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ veltman:1990a,
  author = {Frank Veltman},
  title = {Defaults in Update Semantics {I}},
  booktitle = {Conditionals, Defaults, and Belief Revision},
  publisher = {Institut f\"ur maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung,
  		Universit\"at Stuttgart},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Dyana Deliverable R2.5.A.},
  editor = {Hans Kamp},
  pages = {28--64},
  address = {Stuttgart},
  topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ veltman:1990b1,
  author = {Frank Veltman and Ewan Klein and Mark Moens},
  title = {Default Reasoning and Dynamic Interpretation of Natural
  	Language},
  booktitle = {{ESPRIT'90}.  Proceedings of the annual {ESPRIT} 
  	Conference, {B}russels, {N}ovember 12--15, 1990},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {52--63},
  publisher = {Kluwer},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  xref = {Published in collection: veltman:1990b2.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;dynamic-logic;nl-semantics;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@incollection{ veltman:1990b2,
  author = {Frank Veltman and Ewan Klein and Mark Moens},
  title = {Default Reasoning and Dynamic Interpretation of Natural
  	Language},
  booktitle = {Non-Monotonic Reasoning and Partial Semantics},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Wiebe van der Hoek et al.},
  pages = {21--36},
  address = {Chichester, England},
  missinginfo = {Other editors},
  xref = {Proceedings publication: veltman:1990b1.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;dynamic-logic;nl-semantics;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@article{ veltman:1996a,
  author = {Frank Veltman},
  title = {Defaults in Update Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {3},
  pages = {221--261},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ vendler:1957a,
  author = {Zeno Vendler},
  title = {Verbs and Times},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1957},
  volume = {46},
  pages = {143--160},
  topic = {Aktionsarten;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vendler:1962a,
  author = {Zeno Vendler},
  title = {Reactions and Retractions},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series},
  publisher = {Barnes and Noble},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {25--31},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {ordinary-language-philosophy;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ vendler:1965a,
  author = {Zeno Vendler},
  title = {Comments},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {20},
  pages = {602--605},
  xref = {Commentary on: katz_jj:1965a.},
  topic = {philosophy-and-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ vendler:1967a,
  author = {Zeno Vendler},
  title = {Linguistics in Philosophy},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1967},
  address = {Ithaca, NY},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;Aktionsarten;}  
 } 

@article{ vendler:1967b1,
  author = {Zeno Vendler},
  title = {Causal Relations},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {64},
  number = {21},
  pages = {704--713},
  xref = {Republication: vendler:1967b2.},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vendler:1967b2,
  author = {Zeno Vendler},
  title = {Causal Relations},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {255--261},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: vendler:1967b1.},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vendler:1975a,
  author = {Zeno Vendler},
  title = {On What We Know},
  booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge.  {M}innesota Studies in
  	the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Keith Gunderson},
  pages = {370--390},
  address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vendler:1975b,
  author = {Zeno Vendler},
  title = {Reply to {P}rofessor {A}une},
  booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge.  {M}innesota Studies in
  	the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Keith Gunderson},
  pages = {400--402},
  address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vendler:1978a,
  author = {Zeno Vendler},
  title = {Telling the Facts},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {220--232},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {facts;presuppositions;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ vendler:1984a1,
  author = {Zeno Vendler},
  title = {Agency and Causation},
  journal = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {371--384},
  xref = {Republication: vendler:1984a2.},
  topic = {agency;causality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vendler:1984a2,
  author = {Zeno Vendler},
  title = {Agency and Causation},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {371--384},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  xref = {Republication of: vendler:1984a1.},
  topic = {action;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ venema:1992a,
  author = {Yde Venema},
  title = {A Note on the Tense Logic of Dominoes},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {173--182},
  topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ venema:1993a,
  author = {Yde Venema},
  title = {Completeness via Completeness: Since and Until},
  booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  editor = {Maarten de Rijke},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {349--358},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {temporal-logics;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@article{ venema:1994a,
  author = {Yde Venema},
  title = {Tree Models and (Labled) Categorial Grammar},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {253--277},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;labelled-deductive-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ venema:1995a,
  author = {Yde Venema},
  title = {Meeting Strength in Substructural Logics},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {54},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--32},
  topic = {proof-theory;substructural-logics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ venema:1995c,
  author = {Yde Venema},
  title = {Meeting a Modality?  Restricted Permutation for the {L}ambek
  	Calculus},
  booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why?  Logical Approaches to
       Natural Language},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {343--361},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;}  
  } 

@incollection{ venema:1996a,
  author = {Yde Venema},
  title = {A Crash Course in Arrow Logic},
  booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic},
  publisher = {{CLSI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {3--34},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {arrow-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ venema:1997a,
  author = {Yde Venema},
  title = {Editorial: Modal Logic and Dynamic Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {357--360},
  topic = {modal-logic;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ venema:1998a,
  author = {Yde Venema},
  title = {Atom Structures},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {291--305},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ venema:2000a,
  author = {Yde Venema},
  title = {Review of {\it Modal Logic}, by {A}lexander {C}hagov and
  	{M}ichael {Z}akharyaschev},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {109},
  number = {2},
  pages = {286--289},
  xref = {Review of chagov-zakharyaschev:1997a.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ venema:2001a,
  author = {Yde Venema},
  title = {Dynamic Models in Their Logical Surroundings},
  booktitle = {Logic in Action},
  publisher = {Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation,
  	University of Amsterdam},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Johan van Benthen and Paul Dekker and Jan van Eijk and
  	Maarten de Rijke and Yde Venema},
  pages = {115--153},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;mutual-belief;} 
  } 

@article{ venkataraman:2001a,
  author = {Anand Venkataraman},
  title = {A Statistical Model for Word Discovery in Transcribed
  	Speech},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {351--372},
  topic = {machine-learning;speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@article{ venneman:1972a,
  author = {Theo Vennemann},
  title = {Phonological Uniqueness in Natural Generative Grammar},
  journal = {Glossa},
  volume = {6},
  year = {1972},
  pages = {105--116},
  topic = {phonology;}  
 } 

@incollection{ venneman:1975a,
  author = {Theo Venneman},
  title = {Topics, Sentence Accent, Ellipsis:  A Proposal for Their
  	Formal Treatment},
  booktitle = {Formal Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Edward L. Keenan},
  pages = {313--328},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {s-topic;ellipsis;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ verbayne-etal:2000a,
  author = {Alan Verbayne and Frank van Harmelen and Annette
  	ten Teije},
  title = {Anytime Diagnostic Reasoning Using Approximate
  	{B}oolean Constraint Propagation},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {323--332},
  topic = {diagnosis;constraint-propagation;}  
  } 

@article{ verbrugge:1999a,
  author = {Rineke Verbrugge},
  title = {Review of {\it Epistemic Logic for {AI} and Computer
  	Science}, by {John-Jules Ch.} Meyer and {W}iebe {van der Hoek}},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {64},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1837--1840},
  xref = {Review of meyer_jjc-vanderhoek:1995a.},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ verdumas-etal:2000a,
  author = {Jose Luis Verd\'u-Mas and Jorge Calera-Rubio and Rafael 
            C. Carrasco},
  title = {A Comparison of {PCFG} Models},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {123--125},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;probabilistic-context-free-grammars;}  
  } 

@article{ vere:1977a,
  author = {Steven A. Vere},
  title = {Relational Production Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--68},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A relational production system (rps) is a general purpose,
     formal information processing model developed to support
     research in artificial intelligence and related areas where a
     conjunction of predicate calculus literals is a convenient state
     description language.  Rps maintains a strong analogy with type 0
     string grammars.  It consists of a ``situation'', which is a
     conjunction of literals, and an unordered set of ``relational
     productions'', analogous to type 0 string productions.  These
     productions cause the replacement of a subset of literals in the
     situation by other literals, just as type 0 string productions
     cause the replacement of substrings by other substrings.
      Predictably, this system resembles the more empirical, existing
     knowledge representation systems, particularly STRIPS, while
     maintaining a mathematical precision and simplicity which allows
     proof of useful results.  Rps is first defined and exercised on
     some familiar examples.  A relational production composition
     theorem is then formulated and proved.  It is demonstrated that
     without a sponge-like component in the antecedent of a
     production, composition of two arbitrary productions is in
     general impossible.  } ,
  topic = {rule-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ vere:1980a,
  author = {Steven A. Vere},
  title = {Multilevel Counterfactuals for Generalizations of
  	Relational Concepts and Productions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {139--164},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In the induction of relational concepts and productions from
     examples and counterexamples, a `counterfactual' is a set of
     conditions which must be false if a generalization is to be
     satisfied.  Multilevel counterfactuals may themselves contain
     counterfactuals nested to any level, providing a series-like
     concept representation mechanism.  An algorithm is presented,
     with correctness proof, which computes multilevel
     counterfactuals by recursively reducing the original induction
     problem to a smaller `residual' problem whose generalization
     gives the desired counterfactual.  Winston's empirical method
     for determining `must-not' conditions (single level
     counterfactuals) is shown to yield erroneous results in certain
     rather ordinary circumstances.  Computed examples are presented
     for the generalization of complex geometric scenes and the
     learning of blocksworld operators without resorting to the
     common CLEARTOP expedient.  } ,
  topic = {conditionals;machine-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ verkuyl:1972a,
  author = {Henk J. Verkuyl},
  title = {On the Compositional Nature of the Aspects},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;Aktionsarten;}  
 } 

@article{ verkuyl:1980a,
  author = {Henk J. Verkuyl},
  title = {On the Proper Classification of Events and Verb Phrases},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1/2},
  pages = {137--148},
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;Aktionsarten;}  
  } 

@article{ verkuyl-lelouxschuringa:1985a,
  author = {H.J. Verkuyl and J.A. le Loux-Schuringa},
  title = {Once Upon a Tense},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {237--261},
  topic = {nl-tense;}  
  } 

@incollection{ verkuyl:1986a,
  author = {Henk J. Verkuyl},
  title = {Nondurative Closure of Events},
  booktitle = {Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of
                   Generalized Quantifiers},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof},
  pages = {87--113},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {tense-aspect;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ verkuyl:1989a,
  author = {Henk J. Verkuyl},
  title = {Aspectual Classes and Aspectual Composition},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39--94},
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;Aktionsarten;}  
  } 

@techreport{ verkuyl-vanderdoes:1991a,
  author = {Henk J. Verkuyl and Jaap {van der Does}},
  title = {The Semantics of Plural Noun Phrases},
  institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University
  	of Amsterdam},
  number = {LP-91-07},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15,
  	1018WB Amsterdam, Holland } ,
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;}  
  } 

@article{ verkuyl-vermeulen:1996a,
  author = {Henk J. Verkuyl and Cees F.M. Vermeulen},
  title = {Shifting Perspectives in Discourse},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {19},
  number = {5},
  pages = {503--526},
  topic = {events;dynamic-semantics;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ vermeulen:1993a,
  author = {Cees F.M. Vermeulen},
  title = {Sequence Semantics for Dynamic Predicate Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {217--254},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;dynamic-predicate-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vermeulen:1995a,
  author = {Cees F.M. Vermeulen},
  title = {Merging Without Mystery or: Variables in Dynamic Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {405--450},
  topic = {dynamic-semantics;discourse-representation-theory;
  	file-change-semantics;pragmatics;referent-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vermeulen:1995b,
  author = {Cees F.M. Vermeulen},
  title = {Update Semantics for Propositional Texts},
  booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why?  Logical Approaches to
       Natural Language},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch},
  pages = {363--386},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {discourse;discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ vermeulen-visser:1996a,
  author = {Cees F.M Vermeulen and Albert Visser},
  title = {Dynamic Bracketing and Discourse Representation},
  journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {37},
  pages = {321--365},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;dynamic-logic;
  	referent-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vermeulen:1999a,
  author = {Cees F.M Vermeulen},
  title = {Two Approaches to Modal Interaction in Discourse},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {49--54},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {modal-subordination;}  
  } 

@article{ vermeulen:2000a,
  author = {Cees E.M. Vermeulen},
  title = {Variables as Stacks: A Case Study in Dynamic Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {143--167},
  topic = {dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ vermeulen:2000b,
  author = {C.E.M. Vermeulen},
  title = {Text Structure and Proof Structure},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {273--211},
  topic = {nl-proofs;discourse-structure;}  
  } 

@article{ vermeulen:2001a,
  author = {C. Vermeulen},
  title = {A Calculus of Substitutions for {DPL}},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {68},
  number = {3},
  pages = {357--387},
  topic = {dynamic-predicate-logic;proof-theory;completeness-theorems;}  
  } 

@book{ veroff:1997a,
  editor = {Robert Veroff},
  title = {Automated Reasoning and Its Applications: Essays in Honor of
    Larry Wos},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262220555 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@incollection{ veronis-ide:1995a,
  author = {Jean V\'eronis and Nancy Ide},
  title = {Large Neural Networks for the Resolution of Lexical
  	Ambiguity},
  booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas},
  pages = {251--272},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;connectionist-models;}  
  } 

@book{ veronis:2000a,
  editor = {Jean V\'eronis},
  title = {Parallel Text Processing: Alignment and
  	Use of Translation Corpora},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-7923-6546-1},
  xref = {Review: resnik_p:2001a.},
  topic = {text-alignment;corpus-linguistics;machine-translation;}  
 } 

@book{ verschueren:1976a,
  author = {Jef Verschueren},
  title = {Speech Act Theory: A Provisional Bibliography with
  	a Terminological Guide},
  publisher = {Indiana Linguistics Club},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Department of Linguistics, University of Indiana,
 	Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {speech-acts;bibliography;}  
 } 

@book{ verschueren:1978a,
  author = {Jef Verschueren},
  title = {Pragmatics: An Annotated Bibliography},
  publisher = {J. Benjamins},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
} 

@article{ verschueren:1983a,
  author = {Jef Verschueren},
  title = {Review of {\it {S}peech Act Classification: A Study in the
  	Lexical Analysis of {E}nglish Speech Activity Verbs}},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {59},
  pages = {166--175},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Review of ballmer-brennenstuhl:1981a.},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;speech-act-taxonomy;}  
  } 

@book{ verschueren:1983b,
  author = {Jef Verschueren},
  title = {What People Say They Do With Words: Prolegomena to an
  	Empirical-Conceptual Approach to Linguistic Action},
  publisher = {Ablex},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {speech-acts;empirical-methods-in-discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ verschueren:1985b,
  author = {Jef Verschueren},
  title = {What People Say They Do With Words: Prolegomena to an
  	Empirical-Conceptual Approach to Linguistic Action},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0893911968},
  topic = {speech-acts;empirical-methods-in-discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ verschueren:1987a,
  editor = {Jef Verschueren},
  title = {Pragmatics at Issue: Selected Papers of the {I}nternational
  	{P}ragmatics {C}onference, {A}ntwerp, {A}ugust 17--22, 1991},
  publisher = {J. Benjamins},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
} 

@book{ verschueren:1987b,
  author = {Jef Verschueren},
  title = {Linguistic Action: Some Empirical-Conceptual Studies},
  publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Norwood, New Jersey},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
} 

@book{ verschueren:1987c,
  author = {Jef Verschueren},
  title = {Concluding Round Table, 1987 International Pragmatics
  	Conference},
  publisher = {International Pragmatics Association},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Wilrijk, Belgium},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
} 

@book{ verschueren:1987d,
  author = {Jef Verschueren},
  title = {Pragmatics as a Theory of Linguistic Adaptation},
  publisher = {International Pragmatics Association},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Wilrijk, Belgium},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
} 

@book{ verschueren-bertuccellipapi:1987a,
  editor = {Jef Verschueren and Marcella Bertuccelli-Papi},
  title = {The Pragmatic Perspective},
  publisher = {Benjamins},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ verschueren:1998a,
  author = {Jef Verschueren},
  title = {Understanding Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Arnold},
  year = {1998},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0-340-64623-3 (paper)},
  topic = {pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vesey:1986a,
  author = {Godfrey Vesey},
  title = {Concepts of Mind\, } ,
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {531--557},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vestre:1991a,
  author = {Espen J. Vestre},
  title = {An Algorithm for Generating Non-Redundant
		Quantifier Scopings},
  booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and
  	Discourse},
  publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Harold L. Somers},
  pages = {33--52},
  address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;computational-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ vickers:1990a,
  author = {John M. Vickers},
  title = {Compactness in Finite Probabilistic Inference},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {305--316},
  topic = {probability-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ vidal:2000a,
  author = {Thierry Vidal},
  title = {Controllability Characterization and Checking in
  	Contingent Temporal Constraint Networks},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {559--570},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ viegas-bouillon:1994a,
  author = {Evelyne Viegas and Pierrette Bouillon},
  title = {Semantic Lexicons: the Cornerstone for Lexical Choice
  	in Natural Language Generation},
  pages = {91--98},
  booktitle = {Seventh International Workshop on Natural
  	    Language Generation},
  month = {June},
  year = {1994},
  topic = {lexical-choice;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ viegas-etal:1996a,
  author = {Evelyne Viegas and Boyan Onyshkevych and
  	Victor Raskin and Sergei Nirenburg},
  title = {From `Submit' to `Submitted' via `Submission': On Lexical
  	Rules in Large-Scale Lexicon Acquisition},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {32--39},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {word-learning;lexical-rules;}  
 } 

@book{ viegas:1999a,
  editor = {Evelyne Viegas},
  title = {Breadth and Depth of Semantic Lexicons},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-7923-6039-7},
  xref = {Review: white_js:2000a.},
  topic = {computational-semantics;computational-lexical-semantics;
  	computational-lexicography;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vieira:1985a,
  author = {Marcia Damaso Vieira},
  title = {The Expression of Quantificational Notions in {A}surini
  	do {T}rocar\'a: Evidence against the Universality of
	Determiner Quantificatio},
  booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and
   	Barbara Partee},
  pages = {701--720},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;Tupi-Guarani-languages;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ vieira-teufel:1997a,
  author = {Renata Vieira and Simone Teufel},
  title = {Towards Resolution of Bridging Descriptions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {522--524},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;nl-interpretation;bridging-anaphora;}  
 } 

@article{ viera-poesio:2000a,
  author = {Renata Viera and Massimo Poesio},
  title = {An Empirically Based System for Processing Definite
  	Descriptions},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {539--593},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;anaphora-resolution;
  	definite-descriptions;reference-resolution;discourse-referents;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vieu:1997a,
  author = {Laure Vieu},
  title = {Spatial Representation and Reasoning in
     	{AI}},
  booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Oliviero Stock},
  pages = {5--41},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;spatial-representation;}  
  } 

@article{ vigant:2001a,
  author = {David Vigant},
  title = {Locking on to the Language of Thought},
  journal = {Philosophical Psychology},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {203--215},
  topic = {concept-grasping;philosophy-of-mind;foundations-of-cognition;
  	mental-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vigeant:1999a,
  author = {Louise Vigeant},
  title = {A Different Game?  Game Theoretical Semantics as a New
  	Paradigm},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
	of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {223--228},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vihvelin:2000a,
  author = {Kadri Vihvelin},
  title = {Libertarian Compatibilism},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {139--166},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vijayshankar-weir:1981a,
  author = {K. Vijay-Shankar and David J. Weir},
  title = {Polynomial Parsing of Extensions of Context-Free
  	Grammars},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  pages = {191--206},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;complexity-in-AI;polynomial-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ vik:1988a,
  author = {Thomas Vik},
  title = {Towards a Transduction of Underlying Structures Into
  	Intensional Logic},
  journal = {Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {50},
  pages = {35--70},
  topic = {nl-semantics;s-topic;sentence-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ vila:1994a,
  author = {Luis Vila},
  title = {A Survey on Temporal Reasoning in Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  journal = {{AICOM} (Artificial Intelligence Communications)},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {4--28},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ vila-reichgelt:1996a,
  author = {Llu\'is Vila and Han Reichgelt},
  title = {The Token Reification Approach to Temporal Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {83},
  number = {1},
  pages = {59--74},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;events;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ vilain:1985a,
  author = {Marc Vilain},
  title = {The Restricted Language Architecture of a Hybrid
  	Representation System},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi},
  pages = {547--551},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {hybrid-kr-architectures;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ vilain-kautz:1986a,
  author = {Marc Vilain and Henry Kautz},
  title = {Constraint Propagation Algorithms for Temporal Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  pages = {377--382},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;constraint-propagation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vilain-etal:1990a,
  author = {Marc Vilain and Henry Kautz and Peter {van Beek}},
  title = {Constraint Propagation Algorithms for Temporal Reasoning:
  	a Revised Report},
  booktitle = {Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel S. Weld and Johan de Kleer},
  pages = {373--381},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Revision of paper in AAAI-86; 377--382},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;kr-complexity-analysis;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ vilain:1995a,
  author = {Mark Vilain},
  title = {Semantic Inference in Natural Language: Validating a
  	Tractable Approach},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1346--1351},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {computational-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vilain-day:2000a,
  author = {Marc Vilain and David Day},
  title = {Phrase Parsing with Rule Sequence Processors: An
  	Application to the Shared {CoNLL} Task},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {160--162},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;Vilain;}  
  } 

@article{ vilhelm-etal:2000a,
  author = {Christian Vilhelm and Pierre Ravaux and Daniel
  	Calvelo and Alexandre Jaborska and Marie-Christine Chambrin
	and Michel Boniface},
  title = {Think!  A Unified Numerical-Symbolic Knowledge
  	Representation Scheme and Reasoning System},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {116},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {67--85},
  topic = {kr;numeric-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ villanueva:1990a,
  editor = {Enrique Villanueva},
  title = {Information, Semantics, and Epistemology},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631170758},
  topic = {nl-semantics;philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;
  	epistemology;}  
} 

@book{ villanueva:1991a,
  editor = {Enrique Villanueva},
  title = {Consciousness},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Co.},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Atascadero, California},
  ISBN = {092492201x (pbk)},
  topic = {consciousness;}  
 } 

@book{ villanueva:1992a,
  editor = {Enrique Villanueva},
  title = {Rationality in Epistemology},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Co.},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Atascadero, California},
  ISBN = {0924922095 (pbk)},
  topic = {epistemology;rationality;}  
 } 

@book{ villanueva:1993a,
  editor = {Enrique Villanueva},
  title = {Naturalism and Normativity},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Co.},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Atascadero, California},
  ISBN = {0924922176},
  topic = {ethics;}  
 } 

@book{ villanueva:1993b,
  editor = {Enrique Villanueva},
  title = {Science and Knowledge},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Co.},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Atascadero, California},
  ISBN = {0924922141},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;epistemology;}  
 } 

@book{ villanueva:1994a,
  editor = {Enrique Villanueva},
  title = {Truth and Rationality},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Co.},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Atascadero, California},
  ISBN = {0924922192},
  topic = {truth;rationality;}  
 } 

@book{ villanueva:1996a,
  editor = {Enrique Villanueva},
  title = {Perception},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Co.},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Atascadero, California},
  ISBN = {0924922303},
  topic = {epistemology;perception;}  
 } 

@book{ villanueva:1997a,
  editor = {Enrique Villanueva},
  title = {Truth},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Co.},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Atascadero, California},
  ISBN = {0924922281},
  topic = {truth;}  
 } 

@book{ villanueva:1998a,
  editor = {Enrique Villanueva},
  title = {Concepts},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Co.},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Atascadero, California},
  ISBN = {0924922303},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;concept-grasping;}  
 } 

@book{ villanueva:2000a,
  editor = {Enrique Villanueva},
  title = {Skepticism : A Supplement To No\^us},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0924922303 (paper text)},
  topic = {skepticism;}  
 } 

@article{ villard-etal:2000a,
  author = {C. Essert-Villard and P. Schreck and J.-F. Dufourd},
  title = {Sketch-Based Pruning of a Solution Space within a Formal
  	Geometric Constraint Solver},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {124},
  number = {1},
  pages = {139--159},
  topic = {geometrical-reasoning;computer-aided-design;
  	constraint-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ villavicencio:2000a,
  author = {Aline Villavicencio},
  title = {The Acquisition of Word Order by a 
    	    Computational Learning System},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {209--218},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;grammar-larning;word-order;}  
  } 

@book{ vince:1995a,
  author = {John A. Vince},
  title = {Virtual Reality Systems},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201876876},
  topic = {virtual-reality;}  
 } 

@article{ visser:1984a,
  author = {Albert Visser},
  title = {Four Valued Semantics and the Liar},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {181--212},
  topic = {truth;4-valued-logic;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ visser:1984b,
  author = {Albert Visser},
  title = {The Provability Logic of Recursively Enumerable Theories
  	Extending {P}eano Arithmetic at Arbitrary Theories
	Extending {P}eano Arithmetic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--113},
  topic = {provability-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ visser:1985a,
  author = {Albert Visser},
  title = {Semantics and the Liar Paradox},
  year = {1985},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Utrecht},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;truth;fixpoints;}  
  } 

@techreport{ visser:1987a,
  author = {Albert Visser},
  title = {A Course in Bimodal Provability Logic},
  institution = {Department of Philosophy, University of Utrecht},
  number = {Logic Group Preprint Series No. 20},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Utrecht},
  topic = {provability-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ visser:1997a,
  author = {Albert Visser},
  title = {Dynamic Relation Logic Is the Logic of {DPL}-Relations},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {441--452},
  topic = {modal-logic;dynamic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ visser:1998a,
  author = {Albert Visser},
  title = {Contexts in Dynamic Predicate Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {21--52},
  topic = {context;dynamic-predicate-logic;logic-of-context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ visser:1998b,
  author = {Albert Visser},
  title = {An Overview of Interpretability Logic},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {307--359},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ visser:2001a,
  author = {Albert Visser},
  title = {Submodels of {K}ripke Models},
  journal = {Archive for Mathematical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {40},
  pages = {277--295},
  xref = {Review: iemhoff:2002a.},
  topic = {model-theory;intuitionistic-mathematics;} 
  } 

@article{ visser:2002a,
  author = {Albert Visser},
  title = {The Donkey and the Monoid: Dynamic Semantics with Control
  	Elements},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {107--131},
  topic = {dynamic-predicate-logic;} 
  } 

@article{ vlach:1981a,
  author = {Frank Vlach},
  title = {Speaker's Meaning},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {359--391},
  contentnote = {Contains a systmatic comparison of various
  	definitions of speaker meaning, by features.},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ vlach:1993a,
  author = {Frank Vlach},
  title = {Temporal Adverbials, Tenses and the Perfect},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  pages = {231--283},
  topic = {temporal-adverbials;nl-tense;perfective-aspect;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vlastos:1954a,
  author = {Gregory Vlastos},
  title = {The Third Man Argument in the {\it Parmenides}},
  booktitle = {Studies in {P}lato's Metaphysics},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1954},
  editor = {R.E. Allen},
  pages = {231--263},
  address = {London},
  topic = {Plato;metaphysics;} 
  } 

@article{ vlastos:1965a,
  author = {Gregory Vlastos},
  title = {The Theory of Recollection in {P}lato's {\it Meno}},
  journal = {Dialogue},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {143--167},
  topic = {Plato;epistemology;} 
  } 

@article{ vlastos:1966a,
  author = {Gregory Vlastos},
  title = {Zeno's Race Course},
  journal = {Journal of the History of Philosophy},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {95--108},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {paradoxes-of-motion;Zeno;}  
  } 

@article{ vlk:1988a,
  author = {Tom\'a\v{s} Vlk},
  title = {Towards a Transduction of Underlying Structures into
  	Intensional Logic},
  journal = {The {P}rague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {50},
  pages = {35--70},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ vogel_c:1995a,
  author = {Carl Vogel},
  title = {Inheritance Reasoning: Psychological Plausibility, Proof
  	Theory and Semantics},
  school = {University of Edinburgh},
  year = {1995},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Edinburgh, Scotland},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vogel_c-tonhauser:1996a,
  author = {Carl Vogel and Judith Tonhauser},
  title = {Psychological Constraints on Plausible Default Inheritance
  	Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {608--619},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;inheritance;inheritance-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vogel_j:1990a,
  author = {J. Vogel},
  title = {Are There Counterexamples to the Closure Principle?},
  booktitle = {Doubting: Contemporary Perspectives on Skepticism},
  publisher = {Kluwer},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Michael D. Roth and Glenn Ross},
  pages = {13--28},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, correlate au with vogel_j.},
  topic = {knowledge;propositional-attitudes;hyperintensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ vogel_j:1993a,
  author = {Jonathan Vogel},
  title = {Review of {\it Inference to the Best Explanation},
  	by {P}eter {L}ipton},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {102},
  number = {3},
  pages = {419--421},
  xref = {Review of lipton:1991a},
  topic = {abduction;explanation;philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ volk:1997a,
  author = {Martin Volk},
  title = {Probing the Lexicon in Evaluating Commercial {MT} 
  	Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {112--119},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {AI-system-evaluation;machine-translation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ volk:1997b,
  author = {Martin Volk},
  title = {Markup of a Test Suite with {SGML}},
  booktitle = {Linguistic Databases},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {John Nerbonne},
  pages = {59--76},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-tagging;}  
  } 

@article{ vollmer:2000a,
  author = {Sara Vollmer},
  title = {Two Kinds of Observation: Why {V}an {F}raassen Was 
  	Right to Make a Distinction, but Made the Wrong One},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {355--365},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;observation;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vonderbeek:2001a,
  author = {Michael von der Beek},
  title = {A Concise Compositional Statecharts Semantics Definition},
  year = {2001},
  note = {Available at www4.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/%7Ebeek/.},
  topic = {statecharts;}  
  } 

@book{ vondohlen:1999a,
  author = {Richard F. Von Dohlen},
  title = {An Introduction to the Logic of the Computing Sciences: A
  	Contemporary Look at Symbolic Logic},
  publisher = {University Press of America},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Lanham, Maryland},
  ISBN = {0761813268 (paperback)},
  topic = {logic-in-CS;logic-in-CS-intro;}  
 } 

@book{ voneye:1990a,
  editor = {Alexander von Eye},
  title = {Statistical Methods in Longitudinal Research, Volume 1:
  		Principles and Structuring Change},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {statistics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ vonfintel:1991a,
  author = {Karl {von Fintel}},
  title = {Exceptive Constructions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{I}},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner},
  pages = {85--105},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {exception-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ vonfintel:1992a,
  author = {Kai {von Fintel}},
  title = {Exceptive Constructions},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1992--1993},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {123--148},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;exception-constructions;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ vonfintel:1994a,
  author = {Kai von Fintel},
  title = {Restriction on Quantifier Domains},
  school = {University of Massachusetts},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Amherst},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;context;}  
  } 

@book{ vonheusinger:1997a,
  author = {Klaus von Heusinger},
  title = {{S}alienz und {R}eferenz},
  publisher = {Akademie Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {salience;reference;}  
 } 

@book{ vonhumboldt:2000a,
  author = {Wilhelm von Humboldt},
  title = {Humboldt: On Language},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  note = {Edited by Michael Losonsky},
  ISBN = {052166772-0 (Pbk)},
  topic = {linguistics-classics;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ vonklopp:1998a,
  author = {Ana Von Klopp},
  title = {An Alternative View of Polarity Items},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {393--432},
  topic = {polarity;polarity-sensitivity;}  
  } 

@article{ vonkutschera:1974a,
  author = {Franz {von Kutschera}},
  title = {Indicative Conditionals},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {257--269},
  topic = {conditionals;pragmatics;implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vonkutschera:1976a,
  author = {Franz {von Kutschera}},
  title = {Epistemic Interpretation of Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {487--501},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {conditionals;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vonkutschera:1986a,
  author = {Franz {von Kutscheraa}},
  title = {Bewirken},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {253--281},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@article{ vonkutschera:1986b,
  author = {Franz von Kutschera},
  title = {Zwei modallogische {A}rgumente f\"ur den {D}eterminismus:
  	{A}ristoteles und {D}iodor},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {203--217},
  acontentnote = {The master argument of Diodoros Kronos and the
     argument for determinism from the principle of excluded middle
     for future contingencies in Aristotle's De Interpretatione,
     Chapter 9 are reconstructed, compared and criticised.},
 topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ vonkutschera:1993a,
  author = {Franz {von Kutschera}},
  title = {Causation},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {6},
  pages = {563--588},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@article{ vonkutschera:1994a,
  author = {Franz {von Kutschera}},
  title = {Global Supervenience and Belief},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {103--110},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ vonkutschera:1997a,
  author = {Franz {von Kutschera}},
  title = {T$\times$W Completeness},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {241--250},
  title = {$T\times W$ Completeness},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {241--250},
  title = {Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata},
  publisher = {University of Illinois Press},
  year = {1966},
  address = {Urbana, Illinois},
  note = {Edited and completed by Arthur W. Burks.},
  topic = {self-reproducing-automata;}  
 } 

@book{ vonneumann-morgenstern_o:1944a,
  author = {John {von Neumann} and Oskar Morgenstern},
  title = {Theory of Games and Economic Behavior},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1944},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  edition = {1},
  topic = {game-theory;decision-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ vonneumann-morgenstern_o:1947a,
  author = {John {von Neumann} and Oskar Morgenstern},
  title = {Theory of Games and Economic Behavior},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1947},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  edition = {2},
  topic = {game-theory;decision-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ vonplato:1994a,
  author = {Jan {von Plato}},
  title = {Creating Modern Probability},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {history-of-mathematics;probability;}  
 } 

@article{ vonsavigny:1975a,
  author = {Eike {von Savigny}},
  title = {Meaning by Means of Meaning?  By No Means!},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {139--143},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;
  	speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vonstechow:1979a,
  author = {Arnim {von Stechow}},
  title = {Visiting {G}erman Relatives},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {266--283},
  topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;relative-clauses;German-language;}  
  } 

@article{ vonstechow:1980a,
  author = {Arnim {von Stechow}},
  title = {Modification of Noun Phrases:  A Challenge for Compositional
  	Semantics},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1/2},
  pages = {57--110},
  topic = {compositionality;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vonstechow:1981a,
  author = {Arnim {von Stechow}},
  title = {Presupposition and Context},
  booktitle = {Aspects of Philosophical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Uwe M\"onnich},
  pages = {157--224},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;context;}  
  } 

@techreport{ vonstechow:1982a,
  author = {Arnim {von Stechow}},
  title = {Structured Propositions},
  institution = {Universit\"at Konstanz},
  year = {1982},
  address = {Konstanz},
  missinginfo = {No number},
  topic = {indexicals;interrogatives;sentence-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ vonstechow:1984a,
  author = {Arnim {von Stechow}},
  title = {Comparing Semantic Theories of Comparison},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {1--77},
  topic = {nl-semantics;comparative-constructions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vonstechow:1984b,
  author = {Arnim von Stechow},
  title = {Structured Propositions and Essential Indexicals},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {385--404},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;structured-propositions;indexicals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vonstechow:1991a,
  author = {Arnim {von Stechow}},
  title = {Focusing and Backgrounding Operators},
  booktitle = {Discourse Particles},
  publisher = {Benjamin},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Werner Abraham},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {sentence-focus;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ vonstechow:1995a,
  author = {Arnim {von Stechow}},
  title = {On the Proper Treatment of Tense},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {362--386},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-tense;}  
  } 

@article{ vonstechow:1996a,
  author = {Arnim {{v}on Stechow}},
  title = {Against {LF} Pied Piping},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--110},
  topic = {LF;syntactic-movement-rules;}  
  } 

@book{ vonwright:1941a,
  author = {Georg Henrik von Wright},
  title = {The Logical Problem of Induction},
  publisher = {Helsinki Societas Philosophica},
  year = {1941},
  address = {Helsinki},
  ISBN = {3495473203},
  topic = {induction;}  
 } 

@book{ vonwright:1951a,
  author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  title = {An Essay in Modal Logic},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1951},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;modal-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ vonwright:1951b,
  author = {G. H. {von Wright}},
  title = {Deontic logic},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1951},
  volume = {60},
  number = {237},
  pages = {1--15},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
    } 

@book{ vonwright:1957a,
  author = {Georg Henrik von Wright},
  title = {Logical Studies},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1957},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {3495473203},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ vonwright:1962a1,
  author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  title = {On Promises},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {28},
  pages = {276--297},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: vonwright:1962a2.},
  topic = {promising;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vonwright:1962a2,
  author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  title = {On Promises},
  booktitle = {Practical Reason: Philosophical Papers, Volume 1},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  pages = {83--99},
  address = {Ithaca},
  xref = {Journal publication: vonwright:1962a1.},
  topic = {promising;}  
  } 

@book{ vonwright:1963a,
  author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  title = {Norm and Action: A Logical Enquiry},
  publisher = {Routledge and Keegan Paul},
  year = {1963},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Critical Study: castaneda:1965b.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;deontic-logic;practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ vonwright:1963b1,
  author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  title = {Practical Inference},
  journal = {The philosophical Review},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {72},
  pages = {159--179},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: vonwright:1963b2},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vonwright:1963b2,
  author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  title = {Practical Inference},
  booktitle = {Practical Reason: Philosophical
                 Papers, Volume 1},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  pages = {1--17},
  address = {Ithaca},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ vonwright:1963c,
  author = {Georg Henrik von Wright},
  title = {The Logic of Preference, an Essay},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  year = {1963},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  ISBN = {0631120009},
  topic = {preferences;deontic-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ vonwright:1963d,
  author = {Georg Henrik von Wright},
  title = {The Varieties of Goodness},
  publisher = {Humanities Press},
  year = {1963},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {metaethics;}  
 } 

@book{ vonwright:1968a,
 author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
 title = {An Essay in Deontic Logic and the General Theory of Action},
 publisher = {North-Holland},
 year = {1968},
 address = {Amsterdam},
 topic = {philosophical-logic;deontic-logic;action;}  
 } 

@article{ vonwright:1968b,
  author = {G.~{Von Wright}},
  title = {An Essay in Deontic Lgoic},
  journal = {Acta Philosophica Fennica},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {1--110},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ vonwright:1971a,
  author = {Georg Henrik von Wright},
  title = {Explanation and Understanding},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Ithaca},
  ISBN = {0801406447},
  topic = {explanation;}  
 } 

@article{ vonwright:1972a1,
  author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  title = {On So-Called Practical Inference},
  journal = {Acta Sociologica},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {39--53},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republications: vonwright:1972a2,vonwright:1972a3.},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vonwright:1972a2,
  author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  title = {On So-Called Practical Inference},
  booktitle = {Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Joseph Raz},
  pages = {46--62},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vonwright:1972a3,
  author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  title = {On So-Called Practical Inference},
  booktitle = {Practical Reason: Philosophical
                 Papers, Volume 1},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  pages = {18--34},
  address = {Ithaca},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ vonwright:1974a,
  author = {Georg Henrik von Wright},
  title = {Causality and Determinism},
  publisher = {Columbia University Press},
  year = {1974},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0231037589},
  topic = {(in)determinism;causality;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vonwright:1976a1,
  author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  title = {Determinism and the Study of Man},
  booktitle = {Essays on Explanation and Understanding: Studies in the
  	Foundations of Humanities and Social Sciences},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Juha Manninen and Raimo Tuomela},
  pages = {415--435},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Republication: vonwright:1976a2.},
  topic = {(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vonwright:1976a2,
  author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  title = {Determinism and the Study of Man},
  booktitle = {Practical Reason: Philosophical Papers, Volume 1},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  pages = {35--52},
  address = {Ithaca},
  xref = {Originally published as: vonwright:1976a1.},
  ISBN = {0801416736},
  topic = {(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vonwright:1976b,
  author = {Georg Henrik {von Wright}},
  title = {Replies},
  booktitle = {Essays on Explanation and Understanding: Studies in the
                Foundations of Humanities and Social Sciences},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Juha Manninen and Raimo Tuomela},
  pages = {371--413},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
    } 

@article{ vonwright:1979a,
  author = {Georg Henrik {von Wright}},
  title = {Diachronic and Synchronic Modalities},
  journal = {Theorema},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3/4},
  pages = {231--245},
  topic = {modal-logic;tense-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vonwright:1979b,
  author = {Georg Henrik von Wright},
  title = {Time, Truth, and Necessity},
  booktitle = {Intention and Intentionality: Essays in Honour of {G.E.M}.
  	{A}nscombe},
  publisher = {Harvester Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Cora Diamond and Jenny Teichman},
  pages = {237--250},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The essay deals with the problem of future contingent truth
     raised by Aristotle in ``De In'' IX and discussed by Anscombe in
     ``Aristotle and the Sea Battle'' (1956).  Two senses of `true' are
     distinguished.  When used atemporally, ``True at t that p'' means
     ``True that p at T''.  When used temporally, as in ``True at $t_1$
     that p at later $t_2$'', `true' means ``settled,'' ``certain'' or
     ``necessary.''  It is suggested that the ``deterministic
     illusion'' which puzzled Aristotle is due to a confusion of the
     two uses of `true'.
  } ,
  address = {Brighton},
  topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ vonwright:1981a1,
  author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  title = {Explanation and the Understanding of Action},
  journal = {Revue Internationale de Philosophie},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {127--142},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republication: vonwright:1981a2.},
  topic = {action;explanation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vonwright:1981a2,
  author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  title = {Explanation and the Understanding of Action},
  booktitle = {Practical Reason: Philosophical
                 Papers, Volume 1},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  pages = {53--67},
  address = {Ithaca},
  xref = {Journal publication: vonwright:1981a1.},
  topic = {action;explanation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vonwright:1981b1,
  author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  title = {On the Logic of Norms and Actions},
  booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Risto Hilpinen},
  pages = {3--25},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Republication: vonwright:1981b2.},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;deontic-logic;action;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vonwright:1981b2,
  author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  title = {On the Logic of Norms and Actions},
  booktitle = {Practical Reason: Philosophical
                 Papers, Volume 1},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  pages = {100--129},
  address = {Ithaca},
  xref = {Original publication: vonwright:1981a1.},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;deontic-logic;action;}  
  } 

@book{ vonwright:1983a,
  author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  title = {Practical Reason: Philosophical Papers, Volume 1},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Ithaca},
  ISBN = {0801416736},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. "Practical Inference", pp. 1--17
	2. "On So-Called Practical Inference", pp. 18--34
	3. "Determinism and the4 Study of Man", pp. 35--52
	4. "Explanation and the Understanding of Action", pp. 53--67
	5. "On Promises", pp. 83--99
	6. "On the Logic of Norms and Actions", pp. 100--129
	7. "Norms, Truth, and Logic", pp. 130--209
   } ,
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vonwright:1983b,
  author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  title = {Norms, Truth, and Logic},
  booktitle = {Practical Reason: Philosophical
                 Papers, Volume 1},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  pages = {130--209},
  address = {Ithaca},
  xref = {Preliminary version appeared in martino_aa:1982a.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ vonwright:1983c,
  author = {Georg Henrik von Wright},
  title = {Philosophical Logic},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {063113316X},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ vonwright:1984a,
 author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
 title = {Philosophical Logic: Philosophical Papers, Volume {II}},
 publisher = {Cornell University Press},
 year = {1984},
 address = {Ithaca, NY},
 topic = {Philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ vonwright:1984b,
  author = {Georg Henrik von Wright},
  title = {Truth, Knowledge, and Modality},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0631133674},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A major part of the material in this volume has not been
     published before.  Two essays on truth discuss logical systems
     which allow truth-value gaps and truth-value overlaps.  Fresh
     treatment is given to Aristotle's problem of the sea-battle and
     to his dictum that everything which is is necessary and to the
     medieval problem of whether God's omniscience is compatible with
     human freedom of action.  Three essays on modality exploit a
     distinction between a synchronic and a diachronic conception of
     possibility and necessity.  } ,
  topic = {future-contingent-propositions;(in)determinism;modality;
  	truth;philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vonwright:1994a,
  author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}},
  title = {Diachronic and Synchronic Modalities},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {42--49},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;tmix-project;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vonwright:1998a,
  author = {G. H. {Von Wright}},
  title = {Deontic Logic---As I See It},
  booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems.  New Studies in
		Deontic Logic and Computer Science},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara},
  pages = {15--28},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ voorbraak:1991a,
  author = {Frans Voorbraak},
  title = {On the Justification of {D}empster's Rule of Combination},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {48},
  number = {2},
  pages = {171--197},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In Dempster-Shafer theory it is claimed that the pooling of
     evidence is reflected by Dempster's rule of combination,
     provided certain requirements are met. The justification of this
     claim is problematic, since the existing formulations of the
     requirements for the use of Dempster's rule are not completely
     clear.  In this paper, randomly coded messages, Shafer's
     canonical examples for Dempster-Shafer theory, are employed to
     clarify these requirements and to evaluate Dempster's rule. The
     range of applicability of Dempster-Shafer theory will turn out
     to be rather limited.  Further, it will be argued that the
     mentioned requirements do not guarantee the validity of the rule
     and some possible additional conditions will be described.},
  topic = {Dempster-Shafer-theory;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@incollection{ voorbraak:1991b,
  author = {Frans Voorbraak},
  title = {A Preferential Model Semantics for Default Logic},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {344--351},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {default-logic;model-preference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ voorbraak:1992a,
  author = {Frans Voorbraak},
  title = {Generalized {K}ripke Models for Epistemic Logic},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {214--228},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ voorbraak:1993a,
  author = {Frans Voorbraak},
  title = {As Far as I Know: Epistemic Logic and Uncertainty},
  school = {Utrecht University},
  year = {1993},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Utrecht},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ voorbraak:1993b,
  author = {Frans VOorbraak},
  title = {Preference-Based Semantics for Nonmonotonic Logics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {584--591},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {model-preference;nonmonotonic-logic;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ voorbraak:1997a,
  author = {Frans Voorbraak},
  title = {Decision Analysis Using Partial Probability Theory},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {113--119},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;decision-analysis;}  
  } 

@book{ voronkov:1992a,
  editor = {Andrei Voronkov},
  title = {Logic Programming: First Russian Conference On Logic
    Programming, {I}rkutsk, {R}ussia, {S}eptember 14-18, 1990, Second
    {R}ussian {C}onference on Logic Programming, {S}t. {P}etersburg,
    {R}ussia, {S}eptember 11-16, 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540554602},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ voronkov:1996a,
  author = {Andrei Voronkov},
  title = {Proof-Search in Intuitionistic Logic Based on
		  Constraint Satisfaction},
  pages = {312--329},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of {TABLEAUX} 96},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {theorem-proving;intuitionistic-logic;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ voronkov:2000a,
  author = {Andrei Voronkov},
  title = {Deciding {K} Using \rotatebox[]{180}{K}},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {198--209},
  topic = {modal-logic;decidability;}  
  } 

@article{ vose:1991a,
  author = {Michael D. Vose},
  title = {Generalizing the Notion of Schema in Genetic Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {50},
  number = {3},
  pages = {385--396},
  topic = {genetic-algorithms;}  
  } 

@book{ vosniadou-ortony:1989a,
  editor = {Stella Vosniadou and Andrew Ortony},
  title = {Similarity and Analogical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {analogy;analogical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@book{ vossen-etal:1997a,
  editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari
  	and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks},
  title = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of
  	Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Piek Vossen and Pedro Diez-Orzas and Wim Peters, "Multilingual
     		Design of {E}uro{W}ord{N}et", pp. 1--8
     2. Birgit Hamp and Helmut Feldwig, "Germa{N}et---A
     		Lexical-Semantic Net for {G}erman", pp. 9--15
     3. Tokunaga Takenobu and Fujii Atsushi and Iwauama Makoto and
     		Sakurai Naoyuki and Tanaka Hozumi, "Extending a
		Thesaurus by Classifying Words", pp. 16--21
     4. Dietrich H. Fischer, "Formal Redundancy and Consistency
     		Checking Rules for the Lexical Database
		{W}ord{N}et", pp. 22--31
     5. Alessandro Artale and Bernardo Magnini and Carlo
     		Strapparava, "Lexical Discrimination with the
		{I}talian Version of {W}ord{N}et", pp. 32--38
     6. Jos\'e Gomez-Hidalgo and Manuel de Buenaga
     		Rodriguez, "Integrating a Lexical Database and a
		Training Collection for Text Categorization", pp. 39--44
     7. Atsushi Fujii and Toshihiro Hasegawa and Takenobu Tokunaga
     		and Hozumi Tanaka, "Integration of Hand-Crafted and
		Statistical Resources in Measuring Word
		Similarity", pp. 45--51
     8. Diana McCarthy, "Word Sense Disambiguation for Acquisitiomn
     		of Selectional Preferences", pp. 52--60
     9. Joyce Yue Chai and Alan W. Bierman, "The Use of Lexical
     		Semantics in Information Extraction", pp. 61--70
    10. Salah A\"it-Mokhtar and Jean-Pierre Chanod, "Subject and
    		Object Dependency Extraction Using Finite-State
		Transducers", pp.  71--77
    11. Fr\'ed\'erique Segond and Anne Schiller and Gregory
    		Greffenstette and Jean-Pierre Chanod, "An Experiment
		in Semantic Tagging Using Hidden {M}arkov Model
		Tagging", pp. 78--81
    12. Antonio Sanfilippo, "Using Semantic Similarity to Acquire
    		Co-Occurrence Restrictions from Corpora", pp. 82--89
    13. Stefano Federici and Simonetta Montemagni and Vito
    		Pirelli, "Inferring Semantic Similarity from
		Distributional Evidence: An Analogy-Based Approach to
		Word Sense Disambiguation", pp. 90--97
  } ,
  topic = {anaphora;discourse-structure;}  
 } 

@incollection{ vossen-etal:1997b,
  author = {Piek Vossen and Pedro Diez-Orzas and Wim Peters},
  title = {Multilingual Design of {E}uro{W}ord{N}et},
  booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of
  	Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari
  	and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks},
  pages = {1--8},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {WordNet;European-languages;multilingual-lexicons;}  
  } 

@book{ vossen:1998a,
  editor = {Piek Vossen},
  title = {Euro{W}ord{N}et: A Multilingual
  	Database with Lexical Semantic Networks},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-7923-5295-5},
  xref = {Review: hirst:1999a.},
  topic = {wordnet;}  
 } 

@incollection{ voutilainen:1998a,
  author = {Atro Voutilainen},
  title = {Does Tagging Help Parsing?  A Case Study on Finite State
  	Parsing},
  booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State
  	Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Lauri Karttunen},
  pages = {25--36},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;parsing-algorithms;corpus-tagging;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ vranas:2000a,
  author = {Peter B.M. Vranas},
  title = {Can I Kill My Younger Self?},
  year = {2000},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan},
  topic = {time-travel;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ vreeswijk:1991a,
  author = {Gerard A.W. Vreeswijk},
  title = {A Complete Logic for Autoepistemic Membership},
  booktitle = {Logics in {AI}: Proceedings of {JELIA}'90},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Jan {van Eijk}},
  pages = {516--525},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {autoepistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vreeswijk:1991b,
  author = {Gerard A.W. Vreeswijk},
  title = {The Feasibility of Defeat in Default Reasoning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {526--534},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasonoing;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ vreeswijk:1993a,
  author = {Gerard Vreeswijk},
  title = {The Feasibility of Defeat in Defeasible Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  editor = {Maarten de Rijke},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {359--380},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ vreeswijk:1997a,
  author = {Gerard A.W. Vreeswijk},
  title = {Abstract Argumentation Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {90},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {225--279},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ vuillemin:1995a,
  author = {Jules Vuillemin},
  title = {Necessity or Contingency: The Master Argument and its
  	Philosophical Solutions},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {(in)determinism;}  
 } 

@article{ vulkan:2002a,
  author = {Nir Vulkan},
  title = {Strategic Design of Mobile Agents},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {101--106},
  topic = {automated-negotiation;} 
  } 

@incollection{ wache:2001a,
  author = {Holger Wache},
  title = {Practical Context Transformation for
    		Information System Interoperability},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {367--380},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;interoperability;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ wachowicz:1974a,
  author = {Kyrstyna A. Wachowicz},
  title = {Against the Universality of a Single Wh-Question Movement},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University
  	of Texas.},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ wachowicz:1974b,
  author = {Kyrstyna A. Wachowicz},
  title = {Multiple Questions, Games, and the Presuppositions of
  	Semantics},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University
  	of Texas.},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
  } 

@book{ wachsmuth-frohlich:1998a,
  editor = {Ipke Wachsmuth and Martin Fr\"ohlich},
  title = {Gesture and Sign Language in Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540644245 (softcover)},
  topic = {HCI;gestures;}  
 } 

@article{ wachtel:1980a,
  author = {Tom Wachtel},
  title = {English as a Metalanguage},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {123--128},
  contentnote = {Criticism of hintikka:1976a.},
  topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;truth-definitions;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ wada-asher:1986a,
  author = {Hajime Wada and Nicholas Asher},
  title = {{BUILDRS}: an Implementation of {DR} Theory and {LFG}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on
  	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Bonn},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages, organization, publisher},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ wadler:1993a,
  author = {Philip Wadler},
  title = {A Taste of Linear Logic},
  year = {1993},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript,
    http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/wadler/topics/linear-logic.html.},
  topic = {linear-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ waern:1989a,
  author = {Yvonne W{\ae}rn},
  title = {Cognitive Aspects of Computer Supported Tasks},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1989},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0471911410},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ waern:1998a,
  editor = {Yvonne W{\ae}rn},
  title = {Co-Operative Process Management: Cognition and Information
  	Technology},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  year = {1998},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0748407138},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ wagner_c:1992a,
  author = {C. Wagner},
  title = {Generalizing {J}effrey Conditionalization},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
              Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
  pages = {331--335},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@book{ wagner_g-peirce:1992a,
  editor = {G. Wagner and D. Pearce},
  title = {Logics in {AI}, Proceedings {JELIA}'92},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Berlin},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {633},
  ISBN = {038755887X},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;logic-in-AI-survey;}  
 } 

@incollection{ wagner_g:1996a,
  author = {Gerd Wagner},
  title = {Logics Based on Knowledge Representation Systems},
  booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in
  	Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott},
  pages = {415--446},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {kr;knowledge-retrieval;vivid-reasoning;proof-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wahlster:1989a,
  author = {Wolfgang Wahlster},
  title = {Natural Language Systems:  Some
		Research Trends},
  booktitle = {Logic and Linguistics},
  publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen},
  pages = {171--183},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  topic = {nlp-survey;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wahlster-kobsa:1989a,
  author = {Wolfgang Wahlster and Alfred Kobsa},
  title = {User Models in Dialog Systems},
  booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {4--34},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {user-modeling;discourse;computational-dialogue;}  
} 

@techreport{ wahlster-etal:1991a,
  author = {Wolfgang Wahlster and Elisabeth Andr\'e and Winfried Graf
  	and Thomas Rist},
  title = {Designing Illustrated Texts: how Language
  	Production is Influenced by Graphics Generation},
  institution = {DFKI --- German Research Center for Artificial
  	Intelligence, Saarbruecken, Germany},
  year = {1991},
  number = {DFKI-RR-91-05},
  topic = {nl-generation;multimedia-generation;}  
} 

@incollection{ wahlster-etal:1991b,
  author = {Wolfgang Wahlster and Elisabeth Andr\'e and Son
  	Bandyopadhyay and Winfried Graf and Thomas Rist},
  title = {{WIP}: {T}he Coordinated Generation of Multimodal
  	Presentations from a Common Representation},
  booktitle = {Computational Theories of Communication and their
  	Applications},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Oliviero Stock and John Slack and Andrew Ortony},
  publisher = {Berlin: Springer Verlag},
  note = {Also available as Technical Report DFKI-RR-91-08, DFKI,
  	Saarbruecken, Germany.},
  topic = {nl-generation;multimedia-generation;}  
} 

@techreport{ wahlster-etal:1993a1,
  author = {Wolfgang Wahlster and Elizabeth Andr\'e and Wolfgang
  	Finkler and Hans-J\"urgen Profitlich and Thomas Rist},
  title = {Plan-Based Integration of Natural Language and Graphics
  	Generation},
  institution = {Deutsches Forschungscentrum f\"r K\"unstliche
  	Intelligenz},
  number = {RR--93--02},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Postfach 20 80, D--6750 Kaiserslautern, Germany},
  xref = {Published: see wahlster-etal:1993a2.},
  topic = {nl-generation;graphics-generation;}  
  } 

@article{ wahlster-etal:1993a2,
  author = {Wolfgang Wahlster and Elisabeth Andr\'e and Wolfgang
  	Finkler and Hans-Juergen Profitlich and Thomas Rist},
  title = {Plan-Based Integration of Natural Language and
  	Graphics Generation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence, Special Volume on Natural
  	Language Processing},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {387--427},
  topic = {nl-generation;multimedia-generation;}  
} 

@book{ waibel-lee_kf:1990a,
  editor = {Alex Waibel and Kai-Fu Lee},
  title = {Readings in Speech Recognition},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  ISBN = {1-55860-124-4},
  topic = {speech-recognition;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ wainer-maida:1990a,
  author = {Jacques Wainer and Anthony Maida},
  title = {Uses of Nonmonotonic Logic in Natural Language
  	Understanding: Implicatures},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	Pennsylvania State University.},
  xref = {Revision of paper in 5th int symp meth int systs.},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;nonmonotonic-logic;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ wainer-maida:1990b,
  author = {Jacques Wainer and Anthony Maida},
  title = {Good and Bad News in Formalizing Generalized Implicature},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	Pennsylvania State University.},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;nonmonotonic-logic;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ wainer:1991a,
  author = {Jacques Wainer},
  title = {Uses of Nonmonotonic Logic in Natural Language
  	Understanding: Generalized Implicatures},
  school = {Department of Computer Science, the Pennsylvania State
  	University},
  year = {1991},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {University Park, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;nm-ling;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ wainer:1992a,
  author = {Jacques Wainer},
  title = {Combining Circumscription and Modal Logic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
  pages = {648--653},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;circumscription;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ wainer:1993a,
  author = {Jacques Wainer},
  title = {Epistemic Extension of Propositional Preference Logics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {382--387},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ waldinger-levitt:1974a,
  author = {R.J. Waldinger and K.N. Levitt},
  title = {Reasoning about Programs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {235--316},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper describes a theorem prover that embodies knowledge
     about programming constructs, such as numbers, arrays, lists,
     and expressions.  The program can reason about these concepts
     and is used as part of a program verification system that uses
     the Floyd-Naur explication of program semantics.  It is
     implemented in the QA4 language; the QA4 system allows many
     pieces of strategic knowledge, each expressed as a small
     program, to be coordinated so that a program stands forward when
     it is relevant to the problem at hand.  The language allows
     clear, concise representation of this sort of knowledge.  The QA4
     system also has special facilities for dealing with commutative
     functions, ordering relations, and equivalence relations; these
     features are heavily used in this deductive system.  The program
     interrogates the user and asks his advice in the course of a
     proof.  Verifications have been found for Hoare's FIND program,
     a real-number division algorithm, and some sort programs, as
     well as for many simpler algorithms.  Additional theorems have
     been proved about a pattern matcher and a version of Robinson's
     unification algorithm.  The appendix contains a complete
     annotated listing of the deductive system and annotated traces
     of several of the deductions performed by the system.  } ,
  topic = {theorem-proving;program-verification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ waldinger:1977a1,
  author = {Richard J. Waldinger},
  title = {Achieving Several Goals Simultaneously},
  editor = {E. Elcock and Donald Michie},
  booktitle = {Machine Intelligence 8},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood},
  address = {Chichester, England},
  pages = {94--136},
  year = {1977},
  xref = {Republication: waldinger:1977a2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;planning-algorithms;}  
 } 

@incollection{ waldinger:1977a2,
  author = {Richard Waldinger},
  title = {Achieving Several Goals Simultaneously},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {250--271},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: waldinger:1977a1.},
  topic = {foundations-of-planning;planning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@techreport{ waldinger-stickel:1990a,
  author = {Richard J. Waldinger and Mark E. Stickel},
  title = {Proving Properties of Rule-Based Systems},
  type = {Technical Note},
  institution = {AI Center, SRI International},
  address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025},
  number = {494},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {program-verification;expert-systems;rule-based-reasoning;}  
} 

@incollection{ waldo:1979a,
  author = {James Waldo},
  title = {A {PTQ} Semantics for Sortal Incorrectness},
  booktitle = {Linguistics, Philosophy, and {M}ontague Grammar},
  publisher = {University of Texas Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Steven Davis and Marianne Mithun},
  pages = {311--331},
  address = {Austin, Texas},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;sortal-incorrectness;} 
  } 

@book{ walker_de:1978a,
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  title = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444002723},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Jane J. Robinson, "Preface", pp. xv--xviii
     2. Donald E. Walker, "Introduction and Overview", pp. 1--13
     3. William H. Paxton, "The Language Definition System", pp. 17--40
     4. William H. Paxton, "The Executive System", pp. 41--85
     5. William H. Paxton, "Experimental Studies", pp. 87--117
     6. Gary G. Hendrix, "The Representation of Semantic
     		Knowledge", pp. 121--181
     7. Gary G. Hendrix, "The Model of the Domain", pp. 183--226
     8. Gary G. Hendrix, "Semantic Aspects of Translation", pp. 193--226
     9. Barbara J. Grosz, "Discourse", pp. 229--234
    10. Barbara J. Grosz, "Discourse Analysis", pp. 235--268
    11. Barbara J. Grosz, "Focus Spaces: A Representation of
    		the Focus of Attention of a Dialog", pp. 269--285
    12. Barbara J. Grosz, "Resolving Definite Noun
    		Phrases", pp.  287--298
    13. Barbara J. Grosz, "Shifting Focus", pp. 299--314
    14. Barbara J. Grosz, "Ellipsis", pp. 315--337
    15. Barbara J. Grosz, "Discourse: Recapitulation and a Look
    		Ahead", pp. 339--344
    16. Gary G. Hendrix, "Determining an Appropriate
    		Response", pp. 347--353
    17. Richard E. Fikes and Gary G. Hendrix, "The Deduction
    		Component", pp. 355--374
    18. Jonathan Slocum, "Generating a Verbal Response", pp. 375--381
    19. Ann E. Robinson, "Conclusion", pp. 383--391
  } ,
  topic = {nl-processing;}  
 } 

@incollection{ walker_de:1978b,
  author = {Donald E. Walker},
  title = {Introduction and Overview},
  booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Donald E. Walker},
  pages = {1--13},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;nl-processing;speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ walker_de:1989a,
  author = {Donald E. Walker},
  title = {Developing Lexical Resources},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference of the UW
  	Centre for the {N}ew {O}xford {E}nglish {D}ictionary},
  year = {1989},
  publisher = {University of Waterloo Centre for the New Oxford
  	Dictionary},
  address = {Waterloo, Ontario},
  missinginfo = {pages,  organization},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@incollection{ walker_de:1994a,
  author = {Donald E. Walker},
  title = {The Ecology of Language},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {359--375},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {Text-Encoding-Initiative;linguistic-archiving-projects;
  	corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ walker_de-etal:1995a,
  editor = {Donald E. Walker and Antonio Zampolli and
    Nicoletta Calzolari},
  title = {Automating The Lexicon: Research and Practice in A Multilingual
    Environment},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198239505},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;}  
 } 

@article{ walker_el-herman:1988a,
  author = {Ellen Lowenfeld Walker and Martin Herman},
  title = {Geometric Reasoning for Constructing {3D} Scene
  	Descriptions from Images},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {275--290},
  topic = {geometrical-reasoning;spatial-reasoning;three-D-reconstruction;}  
  } 

@techreport{ walker_ma:1992a,
  author = {Marilyn A. Walker},
  title = {Informational Redundancy and Resource Bounds in Dialog},
    institution = {Institute for Research in Cognitive Science},
  year = {1992},
  number = {IRCS-92-25},
  address = {Philadelphia},
  topic = {discourse-simulation;pragmatics;computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ walker_ma:1992b,
  author = {Marilyn A. Walker},
  title = {Redundancy in Collaborative Dialogue},
  booktitle = {Fourteenth International Conference on Computational
  	Linguistics},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {345--351},
  missinginfo = {organization, publisher, address},
  topic = {discourse-simulation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ walker_ma:1993a,
  author = {Marilyn A. Walker},
  title = {Informational Redundancy and Resource Bounds in Dialog},
  school = {Department of Computer \& Information Science,
  	University of Pennsylvania},
  year = {1993},
  note = {Institute for Research in Cognitive Science report
  	IRCS-93-45},
  topic = {discourse-simulation;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ walker_ma:1995a,
  author = {Marilyn A. Walker},
  title = {Rejection by Implicature},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twentieth Meeting of the Berkeley
  	Linguistics Society},
  year = {1995},
  organization = {Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  publisher = {Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  address = {Berkeley, California},
  missinginfo = {pages. Year, publisher info are guesses.},
  topic = {discourse;implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ walker_ma:1996a,
  author = {Marilyn A. Walker},
  title = {Inferring Acceptance and Rejection in Dialogue by
  	Default Rules of Inference},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, ATT Laboratories.},
  topic = {discourse;speech;speech-act-recognition;nm-ling;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ walker_ma:1996b,
  author = {Marilyn A. Walker},
  title = {Limited Attention and Discourse Structure},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {255--264},
  topic = {discourse;resource-limited-reasoning;limited-attention;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ walker_ma:1996c,
  author = {Marilyn A. Walker},
  title = {The Effect of Resource Limits and Task Complexity on
  	Collaborative Planning in Dialogue},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {85},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {181--243},
  topic = {discourse;resource-limited-reasoning;collaboration;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ walker_ma:1997a,
  author = {Marilyn Walker},
  title = {Centering, Anaphora Resolution, and Discourse Structure},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {401--435},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;
  	discourse-structure;centering;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ walker_ma-etal:1997a,
  author = {Marilyn A. Walker and Diane Litman J. and Candace
  	A. Kamm and Alicia Abella},
  title = {{PARADISE}: A Framework for Evaluating Spoken Dialogue
  	Agents},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {271--280},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-modeling;}  
 } 

@book{ walker_ma-etal:1997b,
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  title = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Marilyn Walker and Arivind Joshi and Ellen Prince,
		"Centering in Naturally Occurring Discourse:
		An Overview"
  	2. Arivind Joshi and Scott Weinstein, "Formal Systems for
		Complexity and Control of Discourse: A Reprise and
		Some Hints"
  	3. Barbara J. Grosz and Candace L. Sidner, "Lost Intuitions
		and Forgotten Intentions"
  	4. Sharon Cote, "Ranking Forward-Looking Centers"
  	5. Susan Hudson-D'Zmura, "Control and Event Structure: The
		View from the Center"
  	6. Megumi Kamayama, "Intrasentential Centering: A Case Study"
  	7. Barbara Di Eugenio, "Centering in {I}talian"
  	8. \"Umit Deniz Turan, "Ranking Forward-Looking Centers in
		{T}urkish: Universal and Language-Specific Properties"
  	9. Masayo Iida, "Discourse Coherence and Shifting Centers in
		{J}apanese Texts"
       10. Jeanette K. Gundel, "Centering Theory and the Givenness
       		Hierarchy: Towards a Synthesis"
       11. Susan Hudson-D'Zmura and Michael K. Tanenhaus, "Assigning
       		Antecedents to Ambiguous Pronouns:  The Role of the
		Center of Attention as the Default Assignment"
       12. Susan E. Brennan, "Centering as a Psychological Resource
       		for Achieving Joint Reference in Spontaneous Discourse"
       13. Beryl Hoffman, "Word Order, Information Structure, and
       		Centering in {T}urkish'
       14. Felicia Hurewitz, "A Quantitative Look at Discourse
       		Coherence"
       15. Barbara J. Grosz and Yale Ziv, "Centering, Global Focus,
       		and Right Dislocation"
       16. Betty J. Birner, "Recency Effects in {E}nglish Inversion"
       17. Rebecca J. Passoneau, "Interaction of Discourse Structure
       		with Explicitness of Discourse Anaphoric Noun Phrases"
       18. Craige Roberts, "The Place of Centering in a General Theory
       		of Anaphora"
       19. Marilyn Walker, "Centering, Anaphora Resolution, and
       		Discourse Structure"
  	},
  xref = {Review: mitkov:1999a.},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;centering;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ walker_ma-etal:1997c,
  author = {Marilyn Walker and Arivind Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  title = {Centering in Naturally Occurring Discourse:
		An Overview},
  booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince},
  pages = {1--28},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;centering;}  
  } 

@incollection{ walker_ma-etal:1997d,
  author = {Marilyn Walker and Diane J. Litman and Candace A. Kamm
  	and Alicia Abella},
  title = {Evaluating Interactive Dialogue Systems: Extending
  	Component Evaluation to Integrated System Evaluation},
  booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems:  Bridging
  	Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {1--8},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;nlp-evaluation;}  
  } 

@article{ walker_ma-moore_j:1997a,
  author = {Marilyn A. Walker and Johanna D. Moore},
  title = {Empirical Studies in Discourse},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--12},
  contentnote = {This is an introduction to Comp Ling 23(1), an
  	issue descended from an {AAAI} workshop, devoted to "empirical
	studies in discourse".  It contains an extensive bibliography.},
  topic = {discourse;corpus-linguistics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ walker_ma:1999a,
  editor = {Marilyn A. Walker},
  title = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging:
  	Proceedings of the Workshop},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Steven Bird and Mark Liberman, "Annotation Graphs as a
     		Framework for Multidimensional Linguistic 
		Data Analysis", pp. 1--10
     2. Jean Carletta and Amy Isard, "The {MATE} Annotation Workbench:
     		User Requirements", pp. 11--17
     3. Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Delannoy, "Argumentation Mark-Up: A 
     		Proposal", pp. 18--25
     4. A. Ichikawa and M. Araki amd Y. Horiuchi and M. Ishizaki
     		and S. Itabashi and T. Itoh and H. Kashioka and
		K. Kato and H. Kikuchi and H. Koiso and T. Kumagai
		and A. Kurematsu and K. Maekawa and S. Nakazato and
		M. Tamoto and S. Tutiya and Y. Yamashita and
		T. Yoshimura, "Evaluation of Annotation Schemes for
		{J}apanese Discourse", pp. 26--34
     5. Marion Klein, "Standardisation Efforts on the Level of 
     		Dialogue Act in the {MATE} Project", pp. 35--41
     6. Lori Levin and Klaus Ries and Ann Thym\'e-Gobbel and Alon
     		Levie, "Tagging of Speech Acts and Dialogue Games
		in {S}panish Call Home", pp. 42--47
     7. Daniel Marcu and Estibaliz Amorrortu and Magdalena 
     		Romera, "Experiments in Constructing a Corpus of
		Discourse Trees", pp. 48--57
     8. Jon David Patrick, "Tagging Psychotherapeutic Interviews for
     		Linguistic Analysis", pp. 58--64
     9. Massimo Poesio and F. Bruneseaux and Laurent Romary, "The
     		{MATE} Meta-Scheme for Coreference in Dialogues
		in Multiple Languages", pp. 65--74
    10. Claudia Soria and Vito Pirrelli, "A Recognition-Based
    		Meta-Scheme for Dialogue Acts Annotation", pp. 75--83
    11. Simone Teufel and Marc Moens, "Discourse-Level Argumentation
    		in Scientific Articles: Human and Automatic 
		Annotation", pp. 84--93
    12. Graziella Tonfoni, "A Mark up Language for Tagging Discourse
    		and Annotating Documents in Context Sensitive 
		Interpretation Environments", pp. 94--100
    13. David R. Traum and Christine H. Nakatani, "A Two-Level Approach
    		to Coding Dialogue for Discourse Structure: Activities
		of the 1998 {DRI} Working Group on Higher-Level
		Structures", pp. 101--108
    14. Teresa Zollo and Mark Core, "Automatically Extracting
    		Grounding Tags from {BF} Tags", pp. 109--114
    } ,
  topic = {discourse-tagging;}  
 } 

@incollection{ walker_r:1975a,
  author = {Ralph C.S. Walker},
  title = {Conversational Implicature},
  booktitle = {Meaning, Reference, and Necessity: New Studies
  	in Semantics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Simon Blackburn},
  pages = {133--181},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ wall_l-etal:2000a,
  author = {Larry Wall and Tom Christiansen and Jon Orwant},
  title = {Programming {P}erl},
  edition = {3},
  publisher = {O'Reilly},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Beijing},
  topic = {programming-manual;}  
 } 

@incollection{ wall_re:1971a,
  author = {Robert E. Wall},
  title = {Mathematical Linguistics},
  booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science},
  publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of
		Maryland.},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {William Orr Dingwall},
  pages = {682--716},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {mathematical-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ wallace:1965a,
  author = {John R. Wallace},
  title = {Sortal Predicates and Quantification},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {1},
  pages = {8--13},
  topic = {semantics-of-common-nouns;}  
  } 

@article{ wallace_j:1971a,
  author = {John Wallace},
  title = {Convention {T} and Substitutional Quantification},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--211},
  topic = {truth-definitions;substitutional-quantification;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wallace_j:1972a,
  author = {John Wallace},
  title = {On the Frame of Reference},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Gilbert Harman and Donald Davidson},
  pages = {219--252},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {truth-definitions;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ wallace_j:1972b,
  author = {John Wallace},
  title = {Belief and Satisfaction},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {85--95},
  topic = {belief;propositional-attitudes;truth-definitions;}  
  } 

@article{ wallace_j:1972c,
  author = {John Wallace},
  title = {Positive, Comparative, Superlative},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {69},
  pages = {773--782},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {semantics-of-adjectives;comparative-constructions;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wallace_j:1975a,
  author = {John Wallace},
  title = {Nonstandard Theories of Truth},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {50--60},
  address = {Encino, California},
  topic = {Davidson-semantics;intensionality;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wallace_j:1978a,
  author = {John Wallace},
  title = {Only in the Context of a Sentence
    	Do Words Have Any Meaning},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {305--325},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@book{ wallace_k:1988a,
  editor = {Karen Wallace},
  title = {Morphology as a Computational Problem},
  publisher = {Department of Linguistics, University of California
  	at Los Angeles},
  year = {1889},
  address = {Los Angeles, California},
  contentnote = {TC:
	1. S. Anderson, Morphology as a Parsing Problem, 1--21
        2. Sean Boisin, Parsing Morphology using Definite Clauses in
		Prolog
        3. Sean Boisin, Pro-KIMMO: A Prolog Implementation of
		Two-Level Morphology
        4.Thomas L. Cornell, IceParse: A Model of Inflectional
		Parsing and Word Recognition for Icelandic Ablauting
		Verbs
        5. William B. Dolan, A Syllable-Based Parallel Parsing Model
		for Parsing Indonesian Morphology
        6. Karen D. Emmorey, Do People Parse?
        7. Jorge Hankamer, Parsing Nominal Compounds in Turkish
        8. Karen Wallace, Parsing Quechua Morphologuy for Syntactic
		Analysis
  } ,
  topic = {computational-morphology;}  
 } 

@book{ wallace_kr:1970a,
  author = {Karl R. Wallace},
  title = {Understanding Discourse; The Speech Act and Rhetorical Action},
  publisher = {Louisiana State University Press},
  year = {1970},
  address = {Baton Rouge},
  topic = {speech-acts;}  
 } 

@article{ wallace_rj:2000a,
  author = {R. Jay Wallace},
  title = {Review of {\it Freedom and Responsibility}, by {H}ilary
  	{B}ok},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {109},
  number = {4},
  pages = {592--595},
  topic = {freedom;volition;blameworthiness;}  
  } 

@book{ wallen:1990a,
  author = {Lincoln A. Wallen},
  title = {Automated Proof Search in Non-Classical Logics:
  	Efficient Matrix Proof Methods for Modal and Intuitionistic
	Logics},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  year = {1990},
  callnumber = {QA9.54 .W35 1990},
  topic = {theorem-proving;modal-logic;intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wallentius-zionts:1977a,
  author = {J. Wallentius and S. Zionts},
  title = {A Research Project on Multicriterion Decision Making},
  booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa},
  pages = {76--97},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;}  
  } 

@book{ walley:1991a,
  author = {Peter Walley},
  title = {Statistical Reasoning with Imprecise Probabilities},
  publisher = {Chapman and Hall},
  year = {1991},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;statistical-inference;}  
 } 

@article{ walley:1996a,
  author = {Peter Walley},
  title = {Measures of Uncertainty in Expert Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {83},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--58},
  contentnote = {Compares 4 measures of uncertainty:
  	-- Additive (Bayesian) probabilities
	-- Coherent lower previsions
	-- Dempster-Shafer
	-- Fuzzy logic
	},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;reasoning-about-uncertainty;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wallis-shortliffe:1989a,
  author = {Jerold W. Wallis and Edward H. Shortliffe},
  title = {Customized Explanations Using Causal Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Rule-Based Expert Systems: The {MYCIN} Experiments of the
  	Stanford Heuristic Programming Project},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Company},
  pages = {371--388},
  topic = {nl-generation;explanation;}  
} 

@incollection{ wallis-etal:1998a,
  author = {Peter Wallis and Edmund Yuen and Greg Chase},
  title = {Proper Name Classification in an Information Extraction
		Toolset},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {161--162},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {personal-name-recognition;information-retrieval;}  
  } 

@book{ walraet:1991a,
  author = {Bob Walraet},
  title = {Formal Foundations For Software Engineering Methods},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540636137 (sc: alk. paper)},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@article{ walter_s:1998a,
  author = {Sharon Walter},
  title = {Review of {\it Evaluating Natural Language Processing
  	Systems: An Analysis and a Review}, by {K}aren {S}parck {J}ones
	and {J}ulia {R}. {G}alliers},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {336--338},
  topic = {nlp-evaluation;}  
  } 

@article{ walther_c:1985a,
  author = {Christoph Walther},
  title = {A Mechanical Solution of {S}chubert's Steamroller by
  	Many-Sorted Resolution},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {217--224},
  topic = {theorem-proving;taxonomic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ walther_c:1994a,
  author = {Christoph Walther},
  title = {On Proving the Termination of Algorithms by Machine},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {71},
  number = {1},
  pages = {101--157},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Proving the termination of a recursively defined algorithm
     requires a certain creativity of the (human or automated)
     reasoner for inventing a hypothesis whose truth implies that the
     algorithm terminates.  We present a reasoning method for
     simulating this kind of creativity by machine.  The proposed
     method works automatically, i.e.  without any human support.  We
     show, (1) how a termination hypothesis for an algorithm is
     synthesized by machine, (2) which knowledge about algorithms is
     required for an automated synthesis, and (3) how this knowledge
     is computed.  Our method solves the problem for a relevant class
     of algorithms, including classical sorting algorithms and
     algorithms for standard arithmetical operations, which are given
     in a pure functional notation.  The soundness of the method is
     proved and several examples are presented for illustrating the
     performance of the proposal.  The method has been implemented and
     proved successful in practice.  } ,
  topic = {automatic-programming;program-synthesis;theorem-proving;}  
  } 

@article{ walther_c-kolbe:2000a,
  author = {Christoph Walther and Thomas Kolbe},
  title = {Proving Theorems by Reuse},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {116},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {17--66},
  topic = {theorem-proving;case-based-reasoning;proof-reuse;}  
  } 

@incollection{ walther_e-zemach:1976a,
  author = {Eric Walther and Eddy M. Zemach},
  title = {Substance Logic},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {55--74},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {reference;exotic-logics;}  
  } 

@book{ walton_d:1998a,
  author = {Douglas Walton},
  title = {The New Dialectic: Conversational Contexts of Argument},
  publisher = {University of Toronto Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Toronto},
  xref = {Review: swoyer:2001a.},
  topic = {informal-logic;fallacies;rhetoric;}  
 } 

@book{ walton_d:1998b,
  author = {Douglas Walton},
  title = {Ad Hominem Arguments},
  publisher = {University of Alabama Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Tuscaloosa, Alabama},
  xref = {Review: swoyer:2001a.},
  topic = {informal-logic;fallacies;rhetoric;}  
 } 

@article{ walton_dn:1984a,
  author = {Douglas N. Walton},
  title = {Cans, Advantages, and Possible Worlds},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {83--97},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {ability;}  
  } 

@book{ walton_dn:1987a,
  author = {Douglas N. Walton},
  title = {Informal Fallacies: Towards a Theory of Argument Criticisms},
  publisher = {J. Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {argumentation;}  
 } 

@book{ walton_dn:1989a,
  author = {Douglas N. Walton},
  title = {Question-Reply Argumentation},
  publisher = {Greenwood Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {argumentation;}  
 } 

@book{ walton_dn:1990a,
  author = {Douglas N. Walton},
  title = {Practical Reasoning: Goal-Driven, Knowledge-Based,
  	Action-Guiding Argumentation } ,
  publisher = {Rowman and Littlefield},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Totowa, New Jersey},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;practical-reasoning;argumentation;}  
 } 

@book{ walton_dn:1991a,
  author = {Douglas N. Walton},
  title = {Begging the Question: Circular Reasoning as a Tactic of
                   Argumentation},
  publisher = {Greenwood Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {argumentation;}  
 } 

@book{ walton_dn:1992a,
  author = {Douglas N. Walton},
  title = {Slippery Slope Arguments},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:	1. Introduction and perspectives
  			2. The sorites slippery slope argument
			3. The causal slippery slope argument
			4. The precedent slippery slope argument
			5. The full slippery slope argument
			6. Analysis of the dialectical structure of slippery
				slope arguments
			7. Practical advice on tactics},
  contentnote = {This is an informal argumentation book, without much
  	about the theoretical aspects.},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
 } 

@book{ walton_dn:1992b,
  author = {Douglas N. Walton},
  title = {The Place of Emotion in Argument},
  publisher = {Pennsylvania State University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {University Park, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {argumentation;emotion;}  
 } 

@book{ walton_dn:1992c,
  author = {Douglas N. Walton},
  title = {Plausible Argument in Everyday Conversation},
  publisher = {State University of New York Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Albany},
  topic = {argumentation;}  
 } 

@book{ walton_dn:1995a,
  author = {Douglas N. Walton},
  title = {A Pragmatic Theory of Fallacy},
  publisher = {University of Alabama Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Tuscaloosa, Alabama},
  topic = {pragmatics;argumentation;}  
 } 

@book{ walton_dn:1996a,
  author = {Douglas N. Walton},
  title = {Argument Structure: A Pragmatic Theory},
  publisher = {University of Toronto},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Toronto},
  topic = {argumentation;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@book{ walton_dn:1996b,
  author = {Douglas N. Walton},
  title = {Argumentation Schemes for Presumptive Reasoning},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {argumentation;applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
 } 

@book{ walton_dn:1996c,
  author = {Douglas N. Walton},
  title = {Arguments from Ignorance},
  publisher = {Pennsylvania State University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {University Park,  Pennsylvania},
  topic = {argumentation;}  
 } 

@book{ walton_dn:1996d,
  author = {Douglas N. Walton},
  title = {Fallacies Arising from Ambiguity},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {ambiguity;argumentation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ walton_k:1973a,
  author = {Kendall L. Walton},
  title = {Linguistic Relativity},
  booktitle = {Conceptual Change},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Glenn Pearce and Patrick Maynard},
  pages = {100--102},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {linguistic-relativity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ waltz:1995a,
  author = {David Waltz},
  title = {Introduction (To Part {III}: Cognitive and
			Computational Models},
  booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor =  {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B.
		Chandrasekaran},
  pages = {397--401},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {diagrams;cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ waltz:1997a,
  author = {David E. Waltz},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence: Realizing the Ultimate Promises of
  	Computing},
  journal = {{AI} Magazine},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {49--52},
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
  } 

@article{ waltz:1999a,
  author = {David Waltz},
  title = {The Importance of Importance},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {18--35},
  topic = {attention;importance;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wang_hx-zaniolo:2000a,
  author = {Haixun Wang and Carlo Zaniolo},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning in ${\cal LDL^{++}}$},
  booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  pages = {523--544},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-in-AI;deductive-databases;stratified-logic-programs;}  
  } 

@article{ wang_tc:1995a,
  author = {Tie-Cheng Wang},
  title = {A Typed Resolution Principle for Deduction with
  	Conditional Typing Theory},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {75},
  number = {2},
  pages = {161--194},
  topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;higher-order-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ wang_xc-etal:1993a,
  author = {Xianchang Wang and Huowang Chen and Qingping Zhao and Wei
  	Li},
  title = {W---A Logic System Based on Shared Common Knowledge
  	Views},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {410--414},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {mutual-beliefs;Conway-paradox;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ wang_yy-waibel:1997a,
  author = {Ye-Yi Wang and Alex Waibel},
  title = {Decoding Algorithm in Statistical Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {366--372},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-translation;statistical-nlp;}  
 } 

@book{ wanner:1996a,
  editor = {Leo Wanner},
  title = {Lexical Functions in Lexicography and Natural Language
    Processing},
  publisher = {J. Benjamins},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {1556193831},
  topic = {computational-lexicography;}  
 } 

@article{ wansing:1993a,
  author = {Heinrich Wansing},
  title = {A General Possible Worlds Framework for Reasoning about
  	Knowledge and Belief},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {49},
  number = {4},
  pages = {523--539},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;belief;}  
  } 

@article{ wansing:1993b,
  author = {Heinrich Wansing},
  title = {Informational Interpretation of Substitutional
  	Propositional Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {285--308},
  topic = {substructural-logics;groupoid-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ wansing:1993c,
  author = {Heinrich Wansing},
  title = {Functional Completeness for Subsystems of Intuitionistic
		Propositional Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {303--321},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;expressive-completeness;}  
  } 

@book{ wansing:1996a,
  editor = {Heinrich Wansing},
  title = {Proof Theory of Modal Logic},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {proof-theory;modal-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ wansing:1996b,
  editor = {Heinrich Wansing},
  title = {Negation: A Notion in Focus},
  Publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  xref = {Review: humberstone:1999a},
  topic = {negation;}  
 } 

@article{ wansing:1998a,
  author = {Heinrich Wansing},
  title = {Editorial: Modality, of Course!  Modal logic, Si!},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {iii--vii},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ wansing:1998b,
  author = {Heinrich Wansing},
  title = {Displaying Modal Logic},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0-7923-5205-X},
  xref = {Review:gore:2000b.},
  topic = {display-logic;}  
 } 

@article{ wansing:1999a,
  author = {Heinrich Wansing},
  title = {Predicate Logics on Display},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {62},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49--75},
  topic = {display-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ wansing:2002a,
  author = {Heinrich Wansing},
  title = {A Rule-Extension of the Non-Associative {L}ambek Calculus},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {71},
  number = {3},
  pages = {443--451},
  topic = {Lambek-calculus;categorial-grammar;} 
  } 

@article{ ward_g-hirschberg:1991a,
  author = {Gregory Ward and Julia Hirschberg},
  title = {A Pragmatic Analysis of Tautological Utterances},
  journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {507--520},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {implicature;speaker-meaning;}  
  } 

@article{ ward_n:1992a,
  author = {Nigel Ward},
  title = {A Parallel Approach to Syntax for Generation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {57},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {183--225},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
      To produce good utterances from nontrivial inputs a natural
     language generator should consider many words in parallel, which
     raises the question of how to handle syntax in a parallel
     generator.  If a generator is incremental and centered on the
     task of word choice, then the role of syntax is merely to help
     evaluate the appropriateness of words.  One way to do this is to
     represent syntactic knowledge as an inventory of ``syntactic
     constructions'' and to have many constructions active in parallel
     at run-time.  If this is done then the syntactic form of
     utterances can be emergent, resulting from synergy among
     constructions, and there is no need to build up or manipulate
     representations of syntactic structure.  This approach is
     implemented in FIG, an incremental generator based on spreading
     activation, in which syntactic knowledge is represented in the
     same network as world knowledge and lexical knowledge. } ,
  topic = {parallel-processing;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ward_n:1998a,
  author = {Nigel Ward},
  title = {Some Exotic Discourse Markers of Spoken Dialog},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {62--64},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ward_n:2000a,
  author = {Nigel Ward},
  title = {Issues in the Transcription of {E}nglish Conversational
  		Grunts},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse
  	and Dialogue},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum},
  pages = {29--35},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;corpus-annotation;corpus-tagging;
  		nonlinguistic-noises;}  
  } 

@article{ ware:1973a,
  author = {Robert Ware},
  title = {Acts and Action},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {70},
  number = {13},
  pages = {403--418},
  topic = {action;}  
  } 

@article{ warfield:1997a,
  author = {Ted A. Warfield},
  title = {Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom Are Comatible},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {31},
  number = {1},
  pages = {80--86},
  topic = {freedom;foreknowledge;}  
  } 

@incollection{ warfield:2000a,
  author = {Ted A. Warfield},
  title = {Causal Determinism and Human Freedom
     		Are Incompatible: A New Argument for
		Alternative Possibilities: A Further Look},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {181--202},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {freedom;(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@article{ warfield:2001a,
  author = {Ted A. Warfield},
  title = {Review of {\it Putting Skeptics in Their Place: The Nature
  	of Skeptical Arguments and Their Role in Philosophical
	Inquiry}, by {J}ohn {G}reco},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {4},
  pages = {642--644},
  topic = {skepticism;} 
  } 

@unpublished{ warmbrod:1976a,
  author = {Ken Warmbr\=od},
  title = {Doxastic and Temporal Conditionals},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@article{ warmbrod:1981a,
  author = {Ken Warmbr\=od},
  title = {Counterfactuals and Substitution of Equivalent Antecedents},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {267--289},
  contentnote = {This has to do with the problem of disjunctive
  	antecedents.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ warner_r:1986a,
  author = {Richard Warner},
  title = {Grice on Happiness},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {475--493},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {Grice;moral-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ warnock:1962a,
  author = {Geoffery J. Warnock},
  title = {Truth and Correspondence},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Experience},
  publisher = {University of Pittsburgh Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {C.D. Rollins},
  pages = {11--20},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {truth;truth-bearers;JL-Austin;correspondence-theory-of-truth;}  
  } 

@incollection{ warnock:1964a,
  author = {Geoffery J. Warnock},
  title = {A Problem about Truth},
  booktitle = {Truth},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.},
  year = {1964},
  editor = {George Pitcher},
  pages = {54--67},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {truth;truth-bearers;JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@incollection{ warnock:1969a,
  author = {Geoffery J. Warnock},
  title = {John {L}angshaw {A}ustin, a Biographical Sketch},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {3--21},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@book{ warnock:1969b,
  author = {Geoffery J. Warnock},
  title = {English Philosophy Since 1900},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1969},
  address = {Oxford},
  edition = {Second},
  topic = {history-of-philosophy;British-philosophy;
  	ordinary-language-philosophy;JL-Austin;}  
 } 

@incollection{ warnock:1973a,
  author = {Geoffery J. Warnock},
  title = {Saturday Mornings},
  booktitle = {Essays on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Isiah Berlin et al.},
  pages = {31--45},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;}  
  } 

@incollection{ warnock:1973b,
  author = {Geoffery J. Warnock},
  title = {Some Types of Performative Utterance},
  booktitle = {Essays on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Isiah Berlin et al.},
  pages = {69--89},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ warnock:1989a,
  author = {Geoffery J. Warnock},
  title = {J.L. {A}ustin},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1989},
  address = {London},
  topic = {JL-Austin;}  
 } 

@book{ warren_dhd-szeredi:1990a,
  editor = {David H.D. Warren and Peter Szeredi},
  title = {Logic Programming: Proceedings of the Seventh
  	International Conference},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262730901},
  topic = {logic-programming;}  
 } 

@article{ washio-etal:1997a,
  author = {T. Washio and M. Sakuma and M. Kitamura},
  title = {A New Approach to Quantitative and Credible Diagnosis for
  	Multiple Faults of Components and Sensors},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {91},
  number = {1},
  pages = {103--130},
  topic = {diagnosis;}  
  } 

@article{ wasow:1975a,
  author = {Thomas Wasow},
  title = {Anaphoric Variables and Bound Variables},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {51},
  number = {2},
  pages = {368--383},
  topic = {anaphora;pronouns;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wasow:1989a,
  author = {Thomas Wasow},
  title = {Grammatical Theory},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Michael I. Posner},
  chapter = {5},
  pages = {161--205},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {linguistic-theory-survey;nl-syntax;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ wasserman:1999a,
  author = {Renata Wasserman},
  title = {Full Acceptance through Argumentation---A Preliminary
  	Report},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on
  	Practical Reasoning and Rationality},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {John Bell},
  pages = {55--60},
  organization = {IJCAI},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;argumentation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ wasserman:2000a,
  author = {Renata Wasserman},
  title = {An Algorithm for Belief Revision},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {345--352},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@article{ waterman:1970a,
  author = {D.A. Waterman},
  title = {Generalization Learning Techniques for Automating the
  	Learning of Heuristics},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {121--170},
  topic = {machine-learning;heuristics;procedural-control;}  
  } 

@article{ waterman-newell:1971a,
  author = {D.A. Waterman and A. Newell},
  title = {Protocol Analysis as a Task for Artificial Intelligence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {285--318},
  topic = {protocol-analysis;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ waterman-peterson:1980a,
  author = {D.A. Waterman and M. Peterson},
  year = {1980},
  title = {Rule-Based Models of Legal Expertise},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Proceedings, AAAI-80},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {legal-AI;}  
  } 

@techreport{ waterman-peterson:1981a,
  author = {D.A. Waterman and M. Peterson},
  year = {1981},
  title = {Models of Legal Decisionmaking},
  number = {R-2717-1CJ},
  institution = {Rand Corporation},
  address = {Santa Monica, California},
  topic = {legal-AI;}  
  } 

@book{ waterworth:1992a,
  author = {John A. Waterworth},
  title = {Multimedia Interaction With Computers: Human Factors Issues},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood},
  year = {1992},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0136054293},
  topic = {HCI;multimedia-generation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ watkins:1985a,
  author = {John Watkins},
  title = {Second Thoughts on Self-Interest and Morality},
  booktitle = {Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation},
  publisher = {The University of British Columbia Press},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {59--74},
  address = {Vancouver},
  topic = {rationality;prisoner's-dilemma;}  
  } 

@article{ watson_g1:1982a,
  author = {Gary Watson},
  title = {Skepticism about Weakness of Will},
  journal = {Philosophical review},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {86},
  pages = {316--339},
  topic = {akrasia;volition;}  
  } 

@article{ watson_g1:1982b,
  author = {Gary Watson},
  title = {Review of {\it Actions}, by {J}ennifer {H}ornsby},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {74},
  number = {8},
  pages = {464--469},
  topic = {action;}  
  } 

@book{ watson_g2-seiler:1992a,
  editor = {Graham Watson and Robert M. Seiler},
  title = {Text in Context: Contributions to Ethnomethodology},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Newbury Park, California},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;}  
} 

@article{ watt:1979a,
  author = {William C. Watt},
  title = {Against Evolution (An Addendum to {S}ampson and {J}enkins},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {121--137},
  topic = {foundations-of-syntax;foundations-of-universal-grammar;
  	language-universals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wayne:2000a,
  author = {Andrew Wayne},
  title = {Discussion:  Conceptual Foundations of Field Theories
  	in Physics},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S516--S522},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;field-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ weary-etal:1989a,
  author = {Gifford Weary and Melinda A. Stanley and John H. Harvey},
  title = {Attribution},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0-387-96917-9},
  topic = {social-psychology;explanation;attribution-theory;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ weatherson:1991a,
  author = {Brian Weatherson},
  title = {True, Truer, Truest},
  year = {1991},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Brown University},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ webb-aggarwal:1982a,
  author = {Jon A. Webb and J.K. Aggarwal},
  title = {Structure from Motion of Rigid and Jointed Objects},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {107--130},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A method for recovering the three-dimensional structure of
     moving rigid and jointed objects from several single camera
     views is presented.  The method is based on the fixed axis
     assumption: all movement consists of translations and rotations
     about an axis that is fixed in direction for short periods of
     time.  This assumption makes it possible to recover the
     structure of any group of two or more rigidly connected points.
     The structure of jointed objects is recovered by analyzing them
     as collections of rigid parts, and then unifying the structures
     proposed for the parts.  The method presented here has been
     tested on several sets of data, including movies used to
     demonstrate human perception of structure from motion.  } ,
  topic = {three-D-reconstruction;}  
  } 

@techreport{ webber:1978a,
  author = {Bonnie L. Webber},
  title = {A Formal Approach to Discourse Anaphora},
  institution = {Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc.},
  number = {3761},
  year = {1978},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {anaphora;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ webber-nilsson_nj:1981a,
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  title = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  contentnote = {TC:
    1. Saul Amarel, "On Representations of Problems of Reasoning
	  about Actions", pp. 2--22
    2. John Gaschnig, "A Problem Similarity Approach to Devising
	  Heuristics: First Results", pp. 23--29
    3. William Woods, "Optimal Search Strategies for Speech
	  Understanding Control", pp. 30--68
    4. Alan Macworth, "Consistency in Networks of
	  Relations", pp. 69--78
    5. Hans Berliner, "The B* Tree Search Algorithm:  A Best-First
	  Procedure", pp. 79--87
    6. W. W. Bledsoe, "Non-Resolution Theorem Proving",pp. 91--108
    7. C.L. Chang and James R. SLagle, "Using Rewriting Rules for
          Connection Graphs to Prove Theorems", pp. 109--118
    8. Ray Reiter, "On Closed World Data Bases", pp. 119--140
    9. Zohar Manna and Richard Waldinger, "A Deductive Approach to
          Program Synthesis", pp. 141--172
   10. Richard Weyhrauch, "Prolegomena to a Theory of Mechanized
          Formal Reasoning", pp. 173--191
   11. Richard Duda and Peter Hart and Nils Nilsson, "Subjective
          {B}ayesian Methods for Rule-Based Expert
          Systems", pp. 192--201
   12. C. Cordell Green, "Application of Theorem Proving to Problem
          Solving", pp. 202--222
   13. Patrick Hayes, "The Frame Problem and Related Problems in
          Artificial Intelligence", pp. 223--230
   14. Richard Fikes and Peter Hart and Nils Nilsson, "Learning and
          Executing Generalized Robot Plans", pp. 231--249
   15. Richard Waldinger, "Achieving Several Goals
          Simultaneously", pp. 250--271
   16. Mark Stefik, "Planning and Meta-Planning", pp. 272--288
   17. David Barstow, "An Experiment in Knowledge-Based Automatic
          Programming", pp. 289--312
   18. Bruce Buchanan and Edward Feigenbaum, "Dendral and
          Meta-Dendral: Their Applications Dimension", pp. 313--322
   19. Edward Shortliffe, "Consultation Systems for
          Physicians", pp. 323--333
   20. Richard Duda and John Gcschnig and Peter Hart, "Model Design
          in the {\sc Prospector} Consultant System: Integrating
          Knowledge to Solve Uncertainty", pp. 334--348
   21. Lee Erman and Frederick Hayes-Roth and Victor Lesser and
          D. Raj Reddy, "The Hearsay-{II} Speech-Understanding
          System: Integrating Knowledge to Resolve
          Uncertainty", pp. 349--389
   22. David Wilkins, "Using Patterns and Plans in chess", pp. 390--409
   23. Randall Davis, "Interactive Transfer of Expertise: Acquisition
          of New Inference Rules", pp. 410--430
   24. John McCarthy and Patrick Hayes, "Some Philosophical Problems
          from the Stanpoint of Artificial Intelligence", pp. 431--450
   25. Patrick Hayes, "The Logic of Frames", pp. 451--458
   26. John McCarthy, "Epistemological Problems of Artificial
          Intelligence", pp. 459--472
   27. Robert Moore, "Reasoning about Knowledge and
          Action", pp. 473--477
   28. Philip Cohen and C. Raymond Perrault, "Elements of a Plan-Based
          Theory of Speech Acts", pp. 478--495
   29. Jon Doyle, "A Truth Maintenance System", pp. 496--516
   30. John Mitchell, "Generalization as Search", pp. 517--542
   } ,
  topic = {AI-survey;}  
 } 

@article{ webber:1983a,
  author = {Bonnie Lynn Webber},
  title = {Logic and Natural Language},
  journal = {IEEE Computer},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {16},
  number = {10},
  pages = {43--46},
  topic = {logic-and-linguistics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ webber:1988a,
  author = {Bonnie L. Webber},
  title = {Discourse Deixis and Discourse Processing},
  institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science,
		University of Pennsylvania},
  number = {MIS--CS--88-75},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Philadelphia},
  topic = {anaphora;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ webber:1988b,
  author = {Bonnie Lynn Webber},
  title = {Tense as Discourse Anaphor},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {61--73},
  topic = {discourse;anaphora;nl-tense;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ webber:1990a,
  author = {Bonnie Lynn Webber},
  title = {Structure and Ostension in the Interpretation of
  	Discourse Deixis},
  institution = {Computer and Information Science Department, University of
  	Pennsylvania},
  number = {{LINC LAB} 183, {MS-CIS}-90-58},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {deixis;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ webber-etal:1990a,
  author = {Bonnie L. Webber and John R. Clarke and Michael Niv and
  	Ron Rymon and Marin Milagros Ib\'a\~nez},
  title = {Traum{AID}: Reasoning and Planning in the Initial
  	Definitive Management of Multiple Injuries},
  institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science,
  	University of Pennsylvania},
  number = {MS--CIS--90--50},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Philadelphia},
  topic = {decision-support;medical-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ webber:1991a,
  author = {Bonnie Lynn Webber},
  title = {Structure and Ostention in the Interpretation of
  		Discourse Deixis},
  journal = {Natural Language and Cognitive Processes},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {107--135},
  topic = {discourse;deixis;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ webber-etal:1991a,
  author = {Bonnie Webber and Norman Badler and Barbara Di Eugenio and
  	Libby Levinson and Mike White},
  title = {Instructing Animated Agents},
  year = {1981},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Presented at the First US-Japan
  	Workshop on Integrated Multi-Modal Systems, Las Cruces, NM.},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-instructions;multimodal-communication;}  
  } 

@techreport{ webber-etal:1992a,
  author = {Bonnie Webber and Norman Badler and F. Brechenridge Baldwin and
  	Welton Becket and Barbara Di Eugenio and Christopher Gelb and
	Moon Jung and Libby Levison and Michael Moore and Michael White},
  title = {Doing What You're Told: Following Task Instructions in
  	Changing, But Hospitable Environments},
  institution = {Computer and Information Science Department, University of
  	Pennsylvania},
  number = {{LINC LAB} 236, {MS-CIS}-92-74},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-instructions;multimodal-communication;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ webber:1995a,
  author = {Bonnie Webber},
  title = {`{D}o Nothing till You Hear from Me':
  	Composing Processes with Termination Conditions},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
 	Embodied Language and Action},
  year = {1997},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-instructions;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ webber:1995b,
  author = {Bonnie Webber},
  title = {Instructing Animated Agents: Viewing Language in
  	Behavioral Terms},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on
  	Cooperative Multimodal Communication, Eindhoven},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Available at
  	http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/daidb/people/homes/bonnie/bonnie.html},
  missinginfo = {publisher, editor, address, pages},
  topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-instructions;multimodal-communication;}  
  } 

@article{ webber-etal:1998a,
  author = {Bonnie L. Webber and Sandra Carberry and John R.
		Clarke and Abigail Gerntner and Terrence Harvey and
		Ron Rymon and Richard Washington},
  title = {Exploiting Multiple Goals and Intentions in Decision
  	Support for the Management of Multiple Trauma:  A
	Review of the {T}raum{AID} Project},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {263--293},
  topic = {medical-AI;decision-support;}  
  } 

@incollection{ webber-joshi:1998a,
  author = {Bonnie Lynn Webber and Aravind Joshi},
  title = {Anchoring a Lexicalized Tree-Adjoining Grammar for
  	Discourse},
  booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers:  Proceedings
  	of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {86--92},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;TAG-grammar;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ webber-etal:1999a,
  author = {Bonnie Webber and Alistair Knott and Matthew Stone and
  	Aravind Joshi},
  title = {Discourse Relations: A Structuralized and Presuppositional
  	Account Using Lexicalized {TAG}},
  year = {1999},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Universithy of Edinburgh.},
  topic = {discourse;discourse-structure;presupposition;}  
  } 

@book{ weber_n:1998a,
  editor = {Nico Weber},
  title = {Machine Translation: Theory, Application, and
  	Evaluation},
  publisher = {Gardenz! Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  address = {St. Augustin},
  topic = {machine-translation;}  
 } 

@book{ wechsler:1995a1,
  author = {Stephen Wechsler},
  title = {The Semantic Basis of Argument Structure},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  xref = {wechsler:1985a2},
  topic = {argument-structure;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ wechsler:1996a2,
  author = {Stephen Wechsler},
  title = {The Semantic Basis of Argument Structure},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {wechsler:1985a1},
  topic = {argument-structure;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ wedekind:1999a,
  author = {J\"urgen Wedekind},
  title = {Semantic-Driven Generation with {LFG}-and {PATR}-Style
		Grammars},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {277--281},
  topic = {nl-generation;LFG;PATR;}  
  } 

@article{ wedgewood:2001a,
  author = {Ralph Wedgewood},
  title = {Conceptual Role Semantics for Moral Terms},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--30},
  topic = {conceptual-role-semantics;metaethics;}  
  } 

@article{ weeber-etal:2000a,
  author = {Marc Weeber and Rein Vos and R. Harald Bayen},
  title = {Extracting the Lowest-Frequency Words: Pitfalls
  	and Possibilities},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {301--317},
  topic = {information-extraction;statistical-nlp;hapax-legomena;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ weida:1992a,
  author = {Robert Weida},
  title = {Issues in Description Logic},
  booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description
  	Logics: Users Meet Developers},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Robert MacGregor},
  pages = {103--106},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ weida:1996a,
  author = {Robert A. Weida},
  title = {Closed Terminologies in Description Logics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence  Conference,
	      Vol. 2},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator},
  pages = {592--599},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {taxonomic-logics;classifier-algorithms;closed-world-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ weidemann:1975a,
  author = {Hermann Weidemann},
  title = {Metaphysik und Sprache: e. sprachphilos. Unters. Zu Thomas
  	von Aquin u. Aristoteles},
  publisher = {Alber},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Freiburg},
  ISBN = {3495473203},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;metaphysics;Aristotle;
  	medieval-philosophy;}  
 } 

@incollection{ weidenbach:1998a,
  author = {C. Weidenbach},
  title = {Sorted Unification and Tree Automata},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;unification;}  
  } 

@article{ weierman:1998a,
  author = {Andreas Weierman},
  title = {How Is It That Infinitary Methods Can Be Applied to
  	Finitary Mathematics?  G\"odel's $T$: A Case Study},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {63},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1348--1370},
  topic = {proof-theory;finitary-methods;}  
  } 

@article{ weiermann:1998a,
  author = {Andreas Weiermann},
  title = {How is it that Infinitary Methods Can be Applied to
  	Finitary Mathematics?  G\"odel's $T$: A Case Study},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {63},
  pages = {1348--1370},
  xref = {Review: strahm:2002a.},
  topic = {recursion-theory;infinitary-logic;proof-theory;} 
  } 

@article{ weigel-fallinga:1999a,
  author = {Rainer Weigel and Boi Fallings},
  title = {Compiling Constraint Satisfaction Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {115},
  number = {2},
  pages = {257--287},
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;compilation-techniques;}  
  } 

@techreport{ weilemaker:1998a,
  author = {Jan Weilemaker},
  title = {{SWI}-Prolog 3.1 Reference Manual, Updated for
  	Version 3.1.0 July, 1998},
  institution = {Departmemt of Social Science Informatics,
  	University of Amsterdam},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  note = {GET URL},
  topic = {Prolog;programming-systems-manuals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ weiler:1976a,
  author = {Gershon Weiler},
  title = {Points of View},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {661--674},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {indexicality;Leibniz;}  
  } 

@article{ weinberg_a:2000a,
  author = {Amy Weinberg},
  title = {Review of {\it Architectures and Mechanisms for Language
  	Processing}, by {M}atthew {W}. {C}rocker and {M}artin
  	{P}ickering and {C}harles {C}lifton, {J}r.},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {648--651},
  xref = {Review of: crocker-etal:2000a.},
  topic = {parsing-psychology;psycholinguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ weinberg_jr:1941a,
  author = {Julius R. Weinberg},
  title = {Ockham's Conceptualism},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1941},
  volume = {50},
  number = {5},
  pages = {523--528},
  topic = {medieval-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ weinberger:1998a,
  author = {Ota Weinberger},
  title = {Alternative Action Theory},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {0792351843 (hardcover)},
  note = {Alternative title:  A Critique Of {G}eorg {H}enrik von
  {W}right's Practical Philosophy},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ weiner_jl:1980a,
  author = {J.L. Weiner},
  title = {{BLAH}, A System Which Explains Its Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {19--48},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     In this paper we describe the design of BLAH, a system which
     combines a reasoning capability with an explanation capability.
     The primary focus of this work is on structuring explanations so
     that they do not appear complex, and thus are easy to
     understand.  The features of explanation structure that are
     identified as important include constraints of syntactic form,
     ways of managing the embedding of explanations, and how the
     focus of attention is located and shifted.  The reasoning
     component has been designed to take account of certain features
     needed in generating an acceptable explanation, such as the
     user's expectations.  } ,
  topic = {nl-generation;explanation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ weiner_o:1988a,
  author = {Oswald Weiner},
  title = {Form and Content in Thinking {T}uring Machines},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {631--657},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;}  
  } 

@article{ weingartner:1973a,
  author = {Paul Weingartner},
  title = {A Predicate Calculus for Intensional Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {2},
  topic = {axiomatizations-of-FOL;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ weingartner:1974a,
  author = {Paul Weingartner},
  title = {On the Characterization of Entities by Means of
  	Individuals and Properties},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {323--336},
  topic = {identity;definite-descriptions;}  
  } 

@book{ weingartner-schurz:1996a,
  editor = {Paul Weingartner and Gerhard Schurz},
  title = {Law and Prediction in the Light Of Chaos Research},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540615849},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;chaos-theory;} 
 } 

@incollection{ weinreich:1966a,
  author = {Uriel Weinreich},
  title = {Explorations in Semantic Theory},
  booktitle = {Current Trends in Linguistics},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1966},
  editor = {Thomas Sebeok},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  address = {The Hague},
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ weinreich:1971a,
  author = {Uriel Weinreich},
  title = {Explorations in Semantic Theory},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {308--328},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} 
  } 

@article{ weinstein:1975a1,
  author = {Scott Weinstein},
  title = {Truth and Demonstratives},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {179--184},
  xref = {Republication: weinstein:1975a2.},
  topic = {Davidson-semantics;indexicals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ weinstein:1975a2,
  author = {Scott Weinstein},
  title = {Truth and Demonstratives},
  booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar},
  publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {60--63},
  address = {Encino, California},
  xref = {Journal publication: weinstein:1975a1.},
  topic = {Davidson-semantics;indexicals;}  
  } 

@article{ weinstein:1983a,
  author = {Scott Weinstein},
  title = {The Intended Interpretation of Intuitionistic Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {261--270},
  topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;intuitionistic-logic;
  	philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ weirich:1979a,
  author = {P. Weirich},
  title = {Conditionalization and Evidence},
  journal = {The Journal of Critical Analysis},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {15--18},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}  
  } 

@article{ weischedel-etal:1978a,
  author = {Ralph M. Weischedel and Wilfried M. Voge and Mark James},
  title = {An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Language
  	Instruction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {225--240},
  topic = {intelligent-computer-assisted-language-instruction;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ weischedel:1987a,
  author = {Ralph N. Weischedel},
  title = {A Personal View of Ill-Formed Input Processing},
  year = {1987},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript, BBN Laboratories.},
  missinginfo = {May have been published.},
  topic = {ill-formed-nl-input;}  
  } 

@article{ weischedel:1990a,
  author = {Ralph N. Weischedel},
  title = {Natural Language Processing},
  journal = {Annual Review of Computational Science},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {435--452},
  missinginfo = {Check Journal Title.},
  topic = {nlp-survey;}  
  } 

@article{ weiss_ma-parikh:2002a,
  author = {M. Angela Weiss and Rohit Parikh},
  title = {Completeness of Certain Bimodal Logics for Subset Spaces},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {71},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--30},
  topic = {subset-spaces;modal-logic;} 
  } 

@article{ weiss_se:1976a,
  author = {Stephen E. Weiss},
  title = {The Sorites Fallacy: What Difference Does a Peanut Make?},
  journal = {Synt\`hese},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {253--272},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ weiss_sm-etal:1978a,
  author = {Sholom M. Weiss and Casimir A. Kulikowski and Saul Amarel
  	and Aran Safir},
  title = {A Model-Based Method for Computer-Aided Medical
  	Decision-Making},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {145--172},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A general method of computer-assisted medical decision-making
     has been developed based on causal-associational network
     (CASNET) models of disease.  A CASNET model consists of three
     main components: observations of a patient, pathophysiological
     states, and disease classifications.  As observations are
     recorded, they are associated with the appropriate states.
     States are causally related, forming a network that summarizes
     the mechanisms of disease.  Patterns of states in the network
     are linked to individual disease classifications.
     Recommendations for broad classes of treatment are triggered by
     the appropriate diagnostic classes.  Strategies of specific
     treatment selection are guided by the individual pattern of
     observations and diagnostic conclusions.  This approach has been
     applied in a consultation program for the diagnosis and
     treatment of the glaucomas.  } ,
  topic = {medical-AI;decision-support;}  
  } 

@book{ weiss_sm-kulikowski:1984a,
  author = {Sholom M. Weiss and Casimir A. Kulikowski},
  title = {A Practical Guide to Designing Expert Systems},
  publisher = {Rowman and Allanheld},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Totowa, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0865981086},
  xref = {Review: dym:1985b.},
  topic = {expert-systems;}  
 } 

@article{ weiss_sm-etal:1990a,
  author = {Sholom M. Weiss and Robert S. Galen and Prasad V. Tadepalli},
  title = {Maximizing the Predictive Value of Production Rules},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {47--71},
  topic = {rule-learning;}  
  } 

@book{ weiss_sm-kulikowski:1990a,
  author = {Sholom M. Weiss and Casimir Kulikowski},
  title = {Computer Systems that Learn: Classification and Prediction
         Methods from Statistics, Neural Nets, Machine Learning, and
	 Expert Systems},
  publisher = {M. Kaufmann Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  ISBN = {1558600655},
  xref = {Review: segre-gordon:1993a.},
  topic = {machine-learning;}  
 } 

@book{ weiss_sm-indurkhya:1998a,
  author = {Sholom Weiss and Nitin Indurkhya},
  title = {Predictive Data Mining: A Practical Guide},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  address = {San Francisco},
  xref = {Review: flach:2001a.},
  topic = {data-mining;machine-learning;}  
 } 

@article{ weitz:1953a,
  author = {Morris Weitz},
  title = {Oxford Philosophy},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1953},
  volume = {62},
  pages = {187--233},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {history-of-philosophy;British-philosophy;
  	ordinary-language-philosophy;JL-Austin;Grice;}  
  } 

@book{ weitz:1988a,
  author = {Morris Weitz},
  title = {Theories of Concepts: A History of the Major Philosophical
  	Tradition},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1988},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Review: matthews_gb:1991a},
  topic = {concepts;history-of-philosophy;} 
 } 

@article{ weitzenfeld:1984a,
  author = {Julian S. Weitzenfeld},
  title = {Valid Reasoning by Analogy},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1},
  pages = {137--149},
  topic = {analogy;}  
  } 

@article{ weld:1986a,
  author = {Daniel S. Weld},
  title = {The Use of Aggregation in Causal Simulation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {30},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--34},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Aggregation is an abstraction technique for dynamically creating
     new descriptions of a system's behavior.  Aggregation works by
     detecting repeating cycles of processes and creating a
     continuous process description of the cycle's behavior.  Since
     this behavioral abstraction results in a continuous process, the
     powerful transition analysis technique may be applied to
     determine the system's final state.
      This paper reports on a program which uses aggregation to
     perform causal simulation in the domain of molecular genetics.  A
     detailed analysis of aggregation indicates the requirements and
     limitations of the technique as well as problems for future
     research.  } ,
  topic = {causal-reasoning;computer-assisted-science;}  
  } 

@article{ weld:1988a,
  author = {Daniel S. Weld},
  title = {Review of {\it Women, Fire, and Dangerous
  	Things}, by {G}eorge {L}akoff},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {1},
  pages = {137--141},
  xref = {Review of lakoff:1987a.},
  topic = {connectionism;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ weld:1989a,
  author = {Daniel S. Weld},
  title = {Review of {\it The Psychology of Everyday Things}, by
  	{D}onald {A}. {N}orman},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {41},
  number = {1},
  pages = {111--114},
  topic = {industrial-design;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ weld:1990a,
  author = {Daniel S. Weld},
  title = {Exaggeration},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3},
  pages = {311--368},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@book{ weld-dekleer:1990a,
  editor = {Daniel S. Weld and Johan de Kleer},
  title = {Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {qualitative-reasoning;kr-course;}  
 } 

@article{ weld:1992a,
  author = {Daniel S. Weld},
  title = {Reasoning about Model Accuracy},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {56},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {256--300},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Although computers are widely used to simulate complex physical
     systems, crafting the underlying models that enable computer
     analysis remains a difficult job with only a small number of
     computer tools for support.  Our goal is to mechanize this
     process by building an automated model management system that
     evaluates simplifying assumptions and selects appropriate
     perspectives.  In this paper we present our initial results: a
     framework for dynamically changing model accuracy based on model
     sensitivity analysis.  We show how to perform model sensitivity
     analysis efficiently when one model is a fitting approximation
     of the other.  Finally, we discuss two implementations of our
     technique in programs that perform [-] query-directed
     simplification by adding bounding abstractions, and [-]
     discrepancy-driven refinement.  } ,
  topic = {system-modeling;}  
  } 

@article{ weld:1993a,
  author = {Daniel S. Weld},
  title = {Review of {\it Common Sense Reasoning},
  	by {E}rnest {D}avis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {61},
  number = {1},
  pages = {113--120},
  xref = {Review of davis_e:1991a.},
  topic = {common-sense-reasoning;kr;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ wellman:1990b,
  author = {Michael P. Wellman},
  title = {Fundamental Concepts of Qualitative Probabilistic
  	Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {44},
  number = {3},
  pages = {257--303},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;}  
  } 

@book{ wellman_hm:1990a,
  author = {Henry M. Wellman},
  title = {The Child's Theory of the Mind},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation;
  	propositional-attitude-ascription;}  
 } 

@techreport{ wellman_mp:1985a,
  author = {Michael P. Wellman},
  title = {Reasoning about Preference Models},
  institution = {Laboratory for Computer Science,
  	Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
  number = {340},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {preference-dynamics;preference;}  
  } 

@techreport{ wellman_mp:1988a,
  author = {Michael P. Wellman},
  title = {Formulation of Tradeoffs in Planning Under Uncertainty},
  institution = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory for
  	Computer Science},
  number = {TR--427},
  year = {1988},
  address = {545 Technology Square, Cambridge Massachusetts, 02139},
  topic = {decision-theory;qualitative-utility;planning;dominance;}  
  } 

@article{ wellman_mp:1988b,
  author = {Michael P. Wellman},
  title = {Review of {\it Expert Critiquing
  	Systems: Practice-Based Medical Consultation by Computer},
	by {P}erry {L}. {M}iller},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {2},
  pages = {273--276},
  xref = {Review of miller:1986a},
  topic = {medical-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wellman_mp:1991a,
  author = {Michael P. Wellman},
  title = {Qualitative Simulation with Multivariate Constraints},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {547--557},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;qualitative-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ wellman_mp-doyle_j:1991a,
  author = {Michael Wellman and Jon Doyle},
  title = {Preferential Semantics for Goals},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown},
  pages = {698--703},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {intention;foundations-of-planning;practical-reasoning;
  	qualitative-utility;preference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wellman_mp-henrion:1991a,
  author = {Michael P. Wellman and Max Henrion},
  title = {Qualitative Intercausal Relations, or Explaining `Explaining
  	Away'\, } ,
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {535--546},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;causal-reasoning;probabilistic-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ wellman_mp-doyle_j:1992a,
  author = {Michael P. Wellman and Jon Doyle},
  title = {Modular Utility Representation for Decision-Theoretic
  	Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on
        AI Planning Systems},
  year = {1992},
  month = {June},
  pages = {236--242},
  missinginfo = {editor,pages,organization,publisher,address},
  topic = {multiattribute-utility;decision-theoretic-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ wellman_mp-etal:1992a,
  author = {Michael P. Wellman and John S. Breese and
  	Robert P. Goldman},
  title = {From Knowledge Bases to Decision Models},
  journal = {The Knowledge Engineering Review},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {35--53},
  topic = {decision-modeling;knowledge-representation;}  
} 

@article{ wellman_mp-henrion:1993a,
  author = {Michael P. Wellman and Max Henrion},
  title = {Explaining `Explaining Away'\, } ,
  journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Pattern Analysis and
		Machine Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3},
  pages = {287--307},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {causal-reasoning;explanation;qualitative-probability;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ wellman_mp:1996a,
  author = {Michael Wellman},
  title = {Rationality in Decision Machines},
  year = {1996},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, AI Laboratory, University of
  	Michigan.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {rationality;foundations-of-planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wellman_mp:1996b,
  author = {Michael P. Wellman},
  title = {Market-Oriented Programming: Some Early Lessons},
  booktitle = {Market-Based Control:  A Paradigm for
  	Distributed Resource Allocation},
  publisher = {World Scientific},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Scott Clearwater},
  address = {River Edge, New Jersey},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {computational-bargaining;}  
  } 

@article{ welty-ide:1999a,
  author = {Christopher Welty and Nancy Ide},
  title = {Using the Right Tools: Enhancing Retrieval from
		Marked-up Documents},
  journal = {Computers and the Humanities},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {59--84},
  topic = {Text-Encoding-Initiative;corpus-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ welty:2002a,
  author = {Christopher Welty},
  title = {Panel: Are Upper-Level Ontologies worth the Effort?},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {532},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;computational-ontology;} 
  } 

@article{ werger:1999a,
  author = {Barry Brian Werger},
  title = {Cooperation without Deliberation:  A Minimal
  	Behavior-Based Approach to Robot Teams},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {110},
  number = {2},
  pages = {293--320},
  topic = {minimalist-robotics;reactive-AI;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ werner_b:1974a,
  author = {B. Werner},
  title = {Foundations of Temporal Modal Logic},
  school = {University of Wisconsin at Madison},
  year = {1974},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Madison, Wisconsin},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ werner_e:1988a,
  author = {Eric Werner},
  title = {Towards a Theory of Communication and Cooperation for
  	Multiagent Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {129--143},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {cooperation;multiagent-planning;}  
  } 

@book{ werth:1981a,
  editor = {Paul Werth},
  title = {Conversation and Discourse: Structure and Interpretation},
  publisher = {Croom Helm},
  year = {1981},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0709927177},
  topic = {discourse;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ wertsch:1991a,
  author = {James V. Wertsch},
  title = {A Sociocultural Approach to Socially
     		Shared Cognition},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {85--100},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}  
  } 

@article{ westerstahl:1985a,
  author = {Dag Westerstahl},
  title = {Logical Constants in Quantifier Languages},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {387--413},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@incollection{ westerstahl:1995a,
  author = {Dag Westerst{\aa}hl},
  title = {Quantifiers in Natural Language:  A Survey of Some
  	Recent Work},
  booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W.
  	Szczerba},
  pages = {359--408},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;nl-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ westerstahl:1998a,
  author = {Dag Westerst{\aa}hl},
  title = {On Mathematical Proofs of the Vacuity of
  	Compositionality},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {21},
  number = {6},
  pages = {635--643},
  topic = {compositionality;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ weston:1987a,
  author = {Thomas Weston},
  title = {Approximate Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  number = {2},
  pages = {203--227},
  topic = {approximate-truth;}  
  } 

@article{ weston_t:1976a,
  author = {Thomas Weston},
  title = {Kreisel, the Continuum Hypothesis, and Second Order Set Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {281--298},
  topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wettstein:1978a,
  author = {Howard K. Wettstein},
  title = {Proper Names and Referential Opacity},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {147--150},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {proper-names;referential-opacity;}  
  } 

@article{ wettstein:1984a1,
  author = {Howard K. Wettstein},
  title = {How to Bridge the Gap between Meaning and
  	Reference},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {58},
  number = {1},
  pages = {63--84},
  xref = {Republication:1984a2.},
  topic = {demonstratives;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wettstein:1984a2,
  author = {Howard K. Wettstein},
  title = {How to Bridge the Gap between Meaning and Reference},
  booktitle = {Pragmatics: A Reader},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Steven Davis},
  pages = {160--174},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Republication of wettstein:1984a1.},
  topic = {demonstratives;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wettstein:1989a,
  author = {Howard K. Wettstein},
  title = {Turning the Tables on {F}rege or How is
       		it that `Hesperus is Hesperus' is Trivial?},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {317--339},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {individual-attitudes;sense-reference;Frege;identity;}  
  } 

@article{ wetzel:1993a,
  author = {Linda Wetzel},
  title = {What Are Occurrences of Expressions?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {215--219},
  topic = {foundations-of-syntax;type-token;}  
  } 

@book{ wexelblat:1993a,
  editor = {Alan Wexelblat},
  title = {Virtual Reality: Applications and Explorations},
  publisher = {Academic Publishers Professional},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Boston},
  ISBN = {0127450459 (paper)},
  topic = {virtual-reality;}  
 } 

@incollection{ weydert:1991a,
  author = {Emil Weydert},
  title = {Qualitative Magnitude Reasoning: Towards a New Syntax
  	and Semantics for Default Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {138--160},
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;qualitative-probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ weydert:1991b,
  author = {Emil Weydert},
  title = {Doxastic Preference Logic:  A New Look at Belief Revision},
  booktitle = {Logics in {AI}, Proceedings {JELIA}'90},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Jan {van Eijk}},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {478},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ weydert:1991c,
  author = {Emil Weydert},
  title = {Hyperrational Conditionals: Monotonic Reasoning about
  	Nested Default Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Workshop on Theoretical
  	Foundations of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning,
	{ECAI} 92},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages},
  topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ weydert:1991d,
  author = {Emil Weydert},
  title = {Elementary Hyperentailment: Nonmonotonic Reasoning about
  	Defaults},
  booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty:
  	Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille,
	France, October 1991},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel},
  pages = {352--359},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;qualitative-probability;}  
  } 

@incollection{ weydert:1996a,
  author = {Emil Weydert},
  title = {Doxastic Normality Logic: A Qualitative Probabilistic
  	Modal Framework for Defaults and Belief},
  booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in
  	Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott},
  pages = {152--171},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;nonmonotonic-logic;belief;
  	belief-revision;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ weydert:1996b,
  author = {Emil Weydert},
  title = {Doxastic Preference Logic},
  booktitle = {Logics in {AI}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Jan {van Eijk}},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {qualitative-probability;epistemic-logic;belief;}  
  } 

@incollection{ weydert:1998a,
  author = {Emil Weydert},
  title = {System {JZ}: How to Build a Canonical Ranking Model of
		a Default Knowledge Base},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {190--201},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ weydt:1973a,
  author = {Harald Weydt},
  title = {On {G}. {L}akoff, `Instrumental Adverbs and the Concept of
  	Deep Structure'\,},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {569--580},
  xref = {Cited by cresswell_mj:1976a as an example of the use
  	of $\lambda$ in linguistics.},
  topic = {generative-semantics;nl-semantics;adverbs;}  
  } 

@article{ weyhrauch:1979a1,
  author = {Richard W. Weyhrauch},
  title = {Prolegomena to a Theory of Mechanized Formal Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {133--170},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This is an informal description of my ideas about using formal
     logic as a tool for reasoning systems using computers. The
     theoretical ideas are illustrated by the features of FOL. All of
     the examples presented have actually run using the FOL system.},
  xref = {Republication: weyhrauch:1979a2.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;logic-in-AI;context;}  
  } 

@incollection{ weyhrauch:1980a2,
  author = {Richard Weyhrauch},
  title = {Prolegomena to a Theory of Mechanized
          Formal Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {173--191},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: weyhrauch:1979a1.},
  topic = {theorem-proving;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ weyhrauch-etal:1998a,
  author = {Richard W. Weyhrauch and Marco Cadoli and
		Carolyn L Talcott},
  title = {Using Abstract Resources to Control Reasoning},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {77--101},
  topic = {context;resource-bounded-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ weyl:1946a,
  author = {Hermann Weyl},
  title = {Mathematics and Logic},
  journal = {American Mathematical Monthly},
  year = {1946},
  volume = {53},
  pages = {2--13},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;}  
  } 

@article{ wheatley:1964a,
  author = {Jon Wheatley},
  title = {How {A}ustin Does Things With Words},
  journal = {Dialogue},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {337--345},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;JL-Austin;}  
  } 

@article{ wheatley:1964b,
  author = {Jon Wheatley},
  title = {How to Give a Word a Meaning},
  journal = {Theoria},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {30, Part 2},
  pages = {119--136},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wheatley:1969a,
  author = {Jon Wheatley},
  title = {Austin on Truth},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {226--239},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  contentnote = {Contains a useful summary of the early literature on this
  	topic.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;truth;truth-bearers;}  
  } 

@article{ wheeler_dw-carpenter:1995a,
  author = {Deirdre W, Wheeler and Bob Carpenter},
  title = {Review of {\it Computational Phonology: A Constraint-Based
  	Approach}, by {S}tephen {B}ird},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {598--603},
  xref = {Review of: bird_s:1995a.},
  topic = {computational-phonology;}  
  } 

@article{ wheeler_sc:1972a,
  author = {Samuel C. {Wheeler III}},
  title = {Attributives and Their Modifiers},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {310--334},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {semantics-of-adjectives;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ wheeler_sc:1973a,
  author = {Samuel C. {Wheeler III}},
  title = {A Solution to {W}ang's Paradox},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University
  	of Connecticut},
  topic = {sorites-paradox;vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ wheeler_sc:1975a,
  author = {Samuel C. {Wheeler III}},
  title = {Reference and Vagueness},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {155--173},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ wheeler_sc:1979a,
  author = {Samuel C. Wheeler},
  title = {On That Which is Not},
  journal = {Synthese},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {41},
  pages = {155--173},
  topic = {logic-of-existence;(non)existence;}  
  } 

@article{ whisner:1998a,
  author = {William Whisner},
  title = {A Further Explanation and Defense of the New Model
  	of Self-Deception},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {195--206},
  topic = {self-deception;}  
  } 

@incollection{ whitaker:1974a,
  author = {Harry A. Whitaker},
  title = {Is the Grammar in the Brain?},
  booktitle = {Explaining Linguistic Phenomena},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corp.},
  year = {1974},
  editor = {David Cohen},
  pages = {75--89},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;psychological-reality;
  		competence;} 
  } 

@book{ whitaker_cwa:1996a,
  author = {C.W.A. Whitaker},
  title = {Aristotle's {D}e {I}nterpretatione: Contradiction
  	and Dialectic},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {019823619-0},
  topic = {Aristotle;history-of-logic;future;contingent-propositions;}  
 } 

@incollection{ whitaker_ha:1971a,
  author = {Harry A. Whitaker},
  title = {Neurolinguistics},
  booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science},
  publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of
		Maryland.},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {William Orr Dingwall},
  pages = {136--251},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {neurolinguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ whitaker_sf:1989a,
  author = {Sidney F. Whitaker},
  title = {Apostrophe Rule's {OK}: At Least in {S}pain},
  journal = {English Today},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {42--44},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
 } 

@book{ whitby:1817a,
  author = {Daniel {Whitby, D.D.}},
  title = {A Discourse Concerning the True Import of the Words `Election
		and Reprobation' and the Things Signified by them in the Holy Scripture},
  publisher = {F.C. and J Rivington},
  year = {1817},
  address = {Orme},
  edition = {Fourth},
  xref = {Whitby is one of J. Edwards chief targets.},
  topic = {freedom;}  
 } 

@incollection{ white_a:1969a,
  author = {Alan White},
  title = {Mentioning the Unmentionable},
  booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {K.T. Fann},
  pages = {219--225},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  xref = {Commentary on searle:1969a.},
  topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;presupposition;
  	pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ white_ar:1972a,
  author = {Alan R. White},
  title = {The Propensity Theory of Probability},
  journal = {British Jounral for Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {35--43},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;propensity;}  
  } 

@article{ white_by-frederiksen:1990a,
  author = {Barbara Y. White and John R. Frederiksen},
  title = {Causal Model Progressions as a Foundation for Intelligent
  	Learning Environments},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {42},
  number = {1},
  pages = {99--157},
  topic = {causality;intelligent-tutoring;}  
  } 

@article{ white_d:1985a,
  author = {David E. White},
  title = {Slippery Slope Arguments},
  journal = {Metaphilosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {206--213},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ white_g-etal:1998a,
  author = {Graham White and John Bell and Wilfrid Hodges},
  title = {Building Models of Prediction Theories},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {557--568},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;action-formalisms;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ white_jl:1991a,
  author = {James L. White},
  title = {Knowledge and Deductive Closure},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {86},
  number = {3},
  pages = {409--423},
  topic = {hyperintensionality;skepticism;}  
  } 

@article{ white_js:2000a,
  author = {John S. White},
  title = {Review of {\it Breadth and Depth of Semantic Lexicons}, by
  	{E}velyne {V}iegas},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {652--656},
  xref = {Review of: viegas:1999a.},
  topic = {computational-semantics;computational-lexical-semantics;
  	computational-lexicography;}  
  } 

@article{ white_m:1965a,
  author = {Morton White},
  title = {On What Could Have Happened},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {77},
  pages = {73--89},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {counterfactual-past;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ white_m:1995a,
  author = {Michael White},
  title = {Presenting Punctuation},
  pages = {107--125},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth {E}uropean Workshop on
		  Natural Language Generation},
  address = {Leiden,  Netherlands},
  year = {1995},
  topic = {punctuation;}  
 } 

@incollection{ white_m-caldwell:1998a,
  author = {Michael White and Ted Caldwell},
  title = {{EXEMPLARS}: A Practical, Extensible Framework for Dynamic
  	Text Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {266--275},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;}  
  } 

@article{ white_mj:1976a,
  author = {Michael J. White},
  title = {Davidson and Non-Trivial {T}-Sentences},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {87--97},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {Davidson-semantics;}  
  } 

@book{ white_pa:1995a,
  author = {Peter A. White},
  title = {The Understanding of Causality and the Production of Action},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {causality;agency;cognitive-psychology;}  
 } 

@article{ white_rb:1979a,
  author = {Richard B. White},
  title = {The Consistency of the Axiom of Comprehension in the
  	Infinite-Valued Predicate Logic of {\L}ukasiewicz},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {509--534},
  contentnote = {Proves consistency of ax of comp in many-valued
  	logic with infinitely many values.  This was conjectured
	by Skolem.},
  topic = {axiom-of-comprehension;many-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ whitehead_an-russell_b:1925a,
  author = {Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell},
  title = {Principia Mathematica},
  edition = {Second},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1925},
  volume = {I},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {logic-classics;foundations-of-mathematics;logicism;}  
  } 

@article{ whitehead_sd-lin_lj:1995a,
  author = {Steven D. Whitehead and Long-Ji Lin},
  title = {Reinforcement Learning of Non-{M}arkov Decision Processes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {73},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {271--306},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Techniques based on reinforcement learning (RL) have been used
     to build systems that learn to perform nontrivial sequential
     decision tasks. To date, most of this work has focused on
     learning tasks that can be described as Markov decision
     processes.  While this formalism is useful for modeling a wide
     range of control problems, there are important tasks that are
     inherently non-Markov.  We refer to these as hidden state tasks
     since they arise when information relevant to identifying the
     state of the environment is hidden (or missing) from the agent's
     immediate sensation. Two important types of control problems
     that resist Markov modeling are those in which (1) the system
     has a high degree of control over the information collected by
     its sensors (e.g., as in active vision), or (2) the system has a
     limited set of sensors that do not always provide adequate
     information about the current state of the environment.
     Existing RL algorithms perform unreliably on hidden state tasks.
     This article examines two general approaches to extending
     reinforcement learning to hidden state tasks.  The Consistent
     Representation (CR) Method unifies recent approaches such as the
     Lion algorithm, the G-algorithm, and CS-QL. The method is useful
     for learning tasks that require the agent to control its sensory
     inputs.  However, it assumes that, by appropriate control of
     perception, the external states can be identified at each point
     in time from the immediate sensory inputs. A second, more
     general set of algorithms in which the agent maintains internal
     state over time is also considered. These stored-state
     algorithms, though quite different in detail, share the common
     feature that each derives its internal representation by
     combining immediate sensory inputs with internal state which is
     maintained over time. The relative merits of these methods are
     considered and conditions for their useful application are
     discussed.
  } ,
  topic = {reinforcement-learning;hidden-state-tasks;}  
  } 

@article{ whiteley_ch:1971a,
  author = {C.H. Whiteley},
  title = {Mr. {G}ustafson on DOubting One's Own Intentions},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {80},
  number = {317},
  pages = {108},  
  xref = {COmmentary on gustafson:1974a.},
  topic = {intention;philosophy-of-action;} 
  } 

@book{ whitelock:1987a,
  editor = {P. Whitelock},
  title = {Linguistic Theory and Computer Applications},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {London},
  note = {Proceedings of a workshop held at the Centre for Computational
    Linguistics, University of Manchester Institute of Science and
    Technology, 4--6 September 1985.},
  ISBN = {0127472207},
  topic = {nl-processing;}  
 } 

@article{ whitely_ch:1963a,
  author = {C.H. Whitely},
  title = {`{C}an'\, } ,
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {91--93},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {ability;}  
  } 

@article{ whitley_d-etal:1996a,
  author = {Darrell Whitley and Soraya Rana and John Dzubera and
  	Keith E. Mathias},
  title = {Evaluating Evolutionary Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {85},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {245--276},
  topic = {genetic-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ wick-thompson_wb:1992a,
  author = {Michael R. Wick and William B. Thompson},
  title = {Reconstructive Expert System Explanation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {54},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {33--70},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Existing explanation facilities are typically far more
     appropriate for knowledge engineers engaged in system
     maintenance than for end-users of the system.  This is because
     the explanation is little more than a trace of the detailed
     problem-solving steps.  An alternative approach recognizes that
     an effective explanation often needs to substantially reorganize
     the actual line of reasoning and bring to bear additional
     information to support the result.  Explanation itself becomes a
     complex problem-solving process that depends not only on the
     actual line of reasoning, but also on additional knowledge of
     the domain.  This paper presents a new computational model of
     explanation and argues that it results in significant
     improvements over traditional approaches.  } ,
  topic = {explanation;expert-systems;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wiebe-etal:1997a,
  author = {Janyce Wiebe and Tom O'Hara and Kenneth McKeever and
		Thorsten \"Ohrstr\"m-Sandgren},
  title = {An Empirical Approach to Temporal Reference Resolution},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {174--186},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;temporal-reference;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wiebe-etal:1998a,
  author = {Janyce Wiebe and Tom O'Hara and Rebecca Bruce},
  title = {Constructing {B}ayesian Networks from {W}ord{N}et
		for Word-Sense Disambiguation: Representational
		and Processing Issues},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {23--30},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;lexical-disambiguation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wiehagen:1991a,
  author = {Rolf Wiehagen},
  title = {A Thesis in Inductive Inference},
  booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt},
  pages = {184--207},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {learning-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ wierzbicka:1975a,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {Topic, Focus, and Deep Structure.},
  journal = {Papers in Linguistics},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {3--58},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {s-topic;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ wierzbicka:1975b,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {Semantic Primitives},
  publisher = {Athen\"aeum Verlag},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Frankfurt},
  note = {Translated by A. Wierzbicka and Cliff Goddard.},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;semantic-primitives;}  
 } 

@book{ wierzbicka:1980a,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {Lingua Mentalis: The Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Sydney},
  note = {Translated by A. Wierzbicka and Cliff Goddard.},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ wierzbicka:1980b,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {The Case for Surface Case},
  publisher = {Karoma Publishers},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Ann Arbor, Michigan},
  ISBN = {0897200276 (cloth)},
  topic = {case-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ wierzbicka:1987a,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {Boys Will Be Boys: `Radical Semantics' vs.
  	`Radical Pragmatics'\, } ,
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--114},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ wierzbicka:1991a,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: The Semantics of Human
  	Interaction},
  publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
  year = {1991},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0899256996},
  topic = {pragmatics;sociolinguistics;cultural-anthropology;}  
 } 

@book{ wierzbicka:1992a,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {Semantics, Culture, and Cognition},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nl-semantics;cultural-anthropology;psycholinguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ wierzbicka:1992b,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {Semantics, Primes, and Universals},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {semantic-primitives;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ wierzbicka:1992c,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {Talking about Emotions: Semantics, Culture, and
  	Cognition},
  journal = {Cognition and Emotion},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3/4},
  pages = {285--319},
  year = {1992},
  topic = {emotion;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wiggins:1965a,
  author = {David Wiggins},
  title = {Identity-Statements},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1965},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  address = {Oxford},
  pages = {40--71},
  topic = {identity;individuation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wiggins:1971a,
  author = {David Wiggins},
  title = {On Sentence-Sense, Word-Sense, and Difference
     		of Word-Sense.  Towards a Philosophical Theory
		of Dictionaries},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {13--34},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {ambiguity;lexical-semantics;dictionary-construction;
  		philosophy-of-language;word-sense;nl-semantics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ wiggins:1971b,
  author = {David Wiggins},
  title = {A Reply to {M}r. {A}lston},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {48--52},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {ambiguity;lexical-semantics;dictionary-construction;
  		philosophy-of-language;word-sense;nl-semantics;} 
  } 

@incollection{ wiggins:1973a,
  author = {David Wiggins},
  title = {Towards a Reasonable Libertarianism},
  booktitle = {Essays on Freedom of Action},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Ted Honderich},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  pages = {33--61},
  address = {London},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wiggins:1976a,
  author = {David Wiggins},
  title = {The {\em De Re} `Must':  A Note on the
    		Logical Form of Essentialist Claims},
  booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell},
  pages = {285--312},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {individual-attitudes;essentialism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wiggins:1978a,
  author = {David Wiggins},
  title = {Deliberation and Practical Reason},
  booktitle = {Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Joseph Raz},
  pages = {144--152},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wiggins:1994a,
  author = {Geraint A. Wiggins},
  title = {Improving the {Whelk} System: A
    		Type-Theoretic Reconstruction},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {231--247},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-program-synthesis;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wiggins:1995a,
  author = {David Wiggins},
  title = {Putnam's Doctrine of Natural Kind Words and
		{F}rege's Doctrines of Sense, Reference, and Extension:
		Can They Cohere?},
  booktitle = {Frege, Sense and Reference One Hundred Years Later},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {John I. Biro and Petr Kotatko},
  pages = {59--74},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {Frege;intensionality;reference;natural-kinds;}  
  } 

@article{ wigner:1960a,
 author = {Eugene P. Wigner},
 title = {The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the
 	Natural Sciences},
 journal = {Communications in Pure and Applied Mathematics},
 year = {1960},
 volume = {13},
 pages = {1--14},
 topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ wigner:1971a,
  author = {E. Wigner},
  title = {Quantum-Mechanical Distribution Functions Revisited},
  booktitle = {Perspectives in Quantum Theory},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {W. Yourgraw and A. van der Merwe},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  pages = {25--36},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wilcock:1998a,
  author = {Graham Wilcock},
  title = {Approaches to Syntactic Realization with {HPSG}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {218--227},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;HPSG;}  
  } 

@article{ wilcock:2000a,
  author = {Graham Wilcock},
  title = {Review of {\it Systemic Functional Grammar in Natural Language 
  	Generation: Linguistic Description and Computational
	Representation}, by Elke {T}eich},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {291--293},
  xref = {Review of: teich:1999a.},
  topic = {systemic-grammar;nl-generation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wildgen:1981a,
  author = {Wolfgang Wildgen},
  title = {Archetypal Dynamics in Word Semantics: An
    		Application of Catastrophe Theory},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {234--296},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;catastrophe-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ wildgen:1983a,
  author = {Wolfgang Wildgen},
  title = {Modelling Vagueness in Catastrophe-Theoretic Semantics},
  booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal},
  pages = {317--360},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {vagueness;catastrophe-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ wilensky:1981a,
  author = {Robert Wilensky},
  title = {Meta-Planning: Representing and Using Knowledge about
  	Planning in Problem Solving and Natural Language Understanding},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {197--233},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {planning;metaplanning;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@book{ wilensky:1983a,
  author = {Robert Wilensky},
  title = {Planning and Understanding: A Computational Approach to
  	Human Reasoning},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Reviews: russell_dm:1984a, berlin:1984a.},
  topic = {planning;nl-interpretation;plan-recognition;}  
 } 

@article{ wilensky:1988a,
  author = {Robert Wilensky David N. Chin and Marc Luria and James
  	Martin and James Mayfield and Dekai Wu},
  title = {The Berkeley {UNIX} Consultant Project},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {35--84},
  topic = {nl-tutoring;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wilensky:1991a,
  author = {Robert Wilensky},
  title = {The Ontology and Representation of Situations},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {558--569},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;computatinal-semantics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@book{ wilkes:1988a,
  author = {Kathleen Wilkes},
  title = {Real People: Personal Identity without Thought Experiments},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198249551},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;philosophical-thought-experiments;}  
 } 

@article{ wilkins-ma_y:1994a,
  author = {David C. Wilkins and Yong Ma},
  title = {The Refinement of Probabilistic Rule Sets: Sociopathic
  	Interactions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {70},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--32},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Probabilistic rules in a classification expert system can result
     in a sociopathic knowledge base, as a consequence of the
     assumption of conditional independence between observations and
     rule modularity.  A sociopathic knowledge base has the property
     that all the rules are individually judged to be correct rules,
     yet a subset of the knowledge base gives better classification
     accuracy than the original knowledge base, independent of the
     amount of computational resources that are available.
      This paper describes how sociopathic interactions cause rule
     induction and refinement methods to converge to local optima
     with respect to maximizing classification accuracy.  The problem
     of optimally refining sociopathic knowledge bases is modeled as
     a bipartite graph minimization problem and shown to be NP-hard.
     A heuristic rule refinement algorithm for sociopathic reduction,
     called SOCIO-REDUCER, is presented.  Experimental results in a
     medical diagnosis domain show that it can reduce the diagnosis
     error rate by 10.5%.  } ,
  topic = {diagnosis;automatic-classification;}  
  } 

@article{ wilkins_de:1980a1,
  author = {David E. Wilkins},
  title = {Using Patterns and Plans in Chess},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {165--203},
  xref = {Republication: wilkins_de:1980a2.},
  topic = {game-playing;planning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wilkins_de:1980a2,
  author = {David E. Wilkins},
  title = {Using Patterns and Plans in Chess},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {390--409},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: wilkins_de:1980a1.},
  topic = {game-playing;planning;}  
  } 

@article{ wilkins_de:1982a,
  author = {David E. Wilkins},
  title = {Using Knowledge to Control Tree Searching},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {1--51},
  topic = {search;heuristics;plan-algorithms;}  
 } 

@article{ wilkins_de:1984a,
  author = {David E.  Wilkins},
  title = {Domain-Independent Planning: Representation and Plan
  	Generation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {269--301},
  topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@book{ wilkins_de:1988a,
  author = {David E. Wilkins},
  title = {Practical Planning: Extending the Classical {AI} Paradigm},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1988},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {planning;}  
  } 

@article{ wilkins_de-etal:1995a,
  author = {David E. Wilkins and Karen L. Myers and J.D. Lowrance},
  title = {Planning and Reacting in Uncertain and Dynamic Environments},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental and Theoretical {AI}},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {197--227},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {execution-monitoring;plan-execution;}  
  } 

@article{ wilkins_de-myers_kl:1995a,
  author = {David E. Wilkins and Karen L. Myers},
  title = {A Common Knowledge Representation for Plan Generation
  	and Reactive Execution},
  journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {5},
  number = {6},
  pages = {731--761},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {execution-monitoring;plan-execution;}  
  } 

@book{ wilkins_w:1981a,
  editor = {Wendy Wilkins},
  title = {Constraints on Rule Form---The Implications for
  	Degree-2 Learnability},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1981},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {L1-language-learning;}  
 } 

@book{ wilkins_w:1988a,
  editor = {Wendy Wilkins},
  title = {Syntax and Semantics 21: Thematic Relations},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {thematic-roles;}  
 } 

@phdthesis{ wilkinson:1991a,
  author = {Karina Wilkinson},
  title = {Studies in the Semantics of Generic Noun Phrases},
  school = {University of Massachusetts},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Amherst},
  topic = {generics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ wilkinson:1993a,
  author =  {Karina Wilkinson},
  title = {Towards a Unified Semantics of Even: A Reply to {R}ooth},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{III}},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner},
  pages = {182--201},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {polarity;`even';}  
  } 

@incollection{ wilkinson:1995a,
  author = {Karina Wilkinson},
  title = {The Semantics of the Common Noun `Kind'},
  booktitle = {The Generic Book},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier},
  pages = {383--397},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  topic = {generics;natural-kinds;}  
  } 

@article{ wilkinson:1996a,
  author = {Karina Wilkinson},
  title = {The Scope of `Even'\, } ,
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {193--215},
  topic = {`even';implicature;sentence-focus;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ wilks:1972a,
  author = {Yorick Wilks},
  title = {Grammar, Meaning, and the Machine Analysis of Language},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1972},
  address = {London},
  topic = {nl-processing;nl-interpretation;}  
 } 

@article{ wilks:1975a,
  author = {Yorick Wilks},
  title = {A Preferential, Pattern-Seeking, Semantics for Natural
  	Language Inference},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--74},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The paper describes the way in which a Preference Semantics
     system for natural language analysis and generation tackles a
     difficult class of anaphoric inference problems: those requiring
     either analytic (conceptual) knowledge of a complex sort, or
     requiring weak inductive knowledge of the course of events in
     the real world.  The method employed converts all available
     knowledge to a canonical template form and endeavors to create
     chains of nondeductive inferences from the unknowns to the
     possible referents.  Its method for this is consistent with the
     overall principle of ``semantic preference'' used to set up the
     original meaning representation.   } ,
  topic = {anaphora;computational-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ wilks:1977a,
  author = {Yorik WIlks},
  title = {Good and Bad Arguments about Semantic Primitives},
  journal = {Communication and Cognition},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3/4},
  pages = {181--221},
  topic = {semantic-primitives;}  
  } 

@article{ wilks:1978a,
  author = {Yorick Wilks},
  title = {Making Preferences More Active},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {197--223},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The paper discusses the incorporation of richer semantic
     structures into the Preference Semantics system: they are called
     pseudo-texts and capture something of the information expressed
     in one type of frame proposed by Minsky (q.v.). however, they
     are in a format, and subject to rules of inference, consistent
     with earlier accounts of this system of language analysis and
     understanding.  Their use is discussed in connection with the
     phenomenon of extended use: sentences where the semantic
     preferences are broken.  It is argued that such situations are
     the norm and not the exception in normal language use, and that
     a language understanding system must give some general treatment
     of them.  A notion of sense projection is proposed, leading on to
     an alteration of semantic formulas (word sense representations)
     in the face of unexpected context by drawing information from
     the pseudo texts.  A possible implementation is described, based
     on a new semantic parser for the Preference Semantics system,
     which would cope with extended use by the methods suggested and
     answer questions about the process of analysis itself.  It is
     argued that this would be a good context in which to place a
     language understander (rather than that of question-answering
     about a limited area of the real world, as is normal) and,
     moreover, that the sense projection mechanisms suggested would
     provide a test-bed on which the usefulness of frames for
     language understanding could be realistically assessed. } ,
  topic = {text-understanding;word-sense;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wilks:1985a,
  author = {Yorick Wilks},
  title = {Relevance and Beliefs},
  booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle},
  pages = {265--289},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {pragmatics;implicature;relevance-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ wilks:1989a,
  editor = {Yorick Wilks},
  title = {Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0805801839},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Donald E. Walker, "The World of Words" 
     2. Branimir K. Boguraev, "The Definitional Power of Words" 
     3. Robert A. Amsler, "Words and Worlds" 
     4. Jerry R. Hobbs, "World Knowledge and Word Meaning" 
     5. Judy Kegl, "The Boundary between Word Knowledge and World
     		Knowledge" 
     6. Gerald Gazdar, "COMIT >* PATR II"
        Steve Pulman, "Unification and the New Grammatism" 
     7. Aravind K. Joshi, "Unification and Some New Grammatical Formalisms" 
     8. David L.  Waltz, "Connectionist Models: Not Just a
     	    Notational Variant, Not a Panacea" 
     9. Garrison W. Cottrell, "Toward Connectionist Semantics" 
    10. Eugene Charniak, "Connectionism and Explanation" 
    11. James L. McClelland, "Parallel Distributed Processing and
    	    Role Assignment Constraints" 
    12. Wendy G. Lehnert, "Towards a Semantic Theory of Discourse"
    13. C. Raymond Perrault, "Possible Implication of Connectionism" 
    14. Robert Wilensky, "Some Complexities of Goal Analysis" 
    15. Norman K. Sondheimer, "The Rate of Progress in Natural
    	    Language Processing" 
    16. Larry Birnbaum, "Let's put the AI back in NLP" 
    17. David J. Israel, "On formal Versus Commonsense Semantics" 
    18. Yorick Wilks, "On Keeping Logic in Its Place" 
    19. Karen Sparck Jones, "They Say It's a New Sort of Engine: But
    	   the Sump's Still There" 
    20. Deborah A. Dahl,  "Determiners, Entities, and Contexts" 
    21. Amichai Kronfeld, "Goals of Referring Acts" 
    22. Bradley A. Goodman, "Viewing Metaphor as Analogy: The Good,
    	   the Bad, and the Ugly"
    23. Dedre Gentner and Brian Falkenhainer and Janice 
           Skorstad, "Reference and Reference Failures" 
    22. Andrew Ortony and Lynn Fainsilber, "The Role of
    	   Metaphors in Descriptions of Emotions" 
    23. Edwin Plantinga, "Mental Models and Metaphor" 
    24. Aravind K. Joshi, "Generation: A New Frontier of
    	   Natural Language Processing?" 
    25. David D. McDonald, "No better, but No Worse, than People" 
    26. Douglas E. Appelt, "Bidirectional Grammars and the Design of
    	   Natural Language Generation Systems" 
  } ,
  topic = {nl-processing;}  
 } 

@incollection{ wilks-fass:1992a,
  author = {Yorick Wilks},
  title = {The Preference Semantics Family},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {205--221},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;nl-semantic-representation-formalisms;
  	kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wilks:1994a,
  author = {Yorik Wilks},
  title = {Stone Soup and the {F}rench Room},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {585--595},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {machine-translation;statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@article{ wilks:1999a,
  author = {Yorick Wilks},
  title = {Review of {Evaluating Natural Language Processing
  	Systems: An Analysis and a Review}, by
  	{K}aren {S}parck {J}ones and {J}ulia {R}. {G}alliers},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {107},
  number = {1},
  pages = {165--170},
  xref = {Review of jones_ks-galliers:1995a.},
  topic = {nlp-evaluation;}  
  } 

@book{ wilks:1999b,
  editor = {Yorick Wilks},
  title = {Machine Conversations},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Boston},
  ISBN = {0792385446 (alk. paper)},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
 } 

@article{ will-pennington:1971a,
  author = {P.M. Will and K.S.  Pennington},
  title = {Grid Coding: A Preprocessing Technique for Robot and
  	Machine Vision},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {319--329},
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
  } 

@article{ willard:2002a,
  author = {Dan E. Willard},
  title = {How to Extend the Semantic Tableaux and Cut-Free Versions
  	of the Second Incompleteness Theorem almost to {R}obinson's
	Arithmetic {Q}},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {465--496},
  topic = {(in)completeness;formalizations-of-arithmetic;} 
  } 

@techreport{ wille:1987a,
  author = {Rudolf Wille},
  title = {Lattices in Data Analysis: How to Draw Them With a
  	Computer},
  institution = {Fachbereich Mathematik,
  	Technische Hochschule Darmstadt},
  number = {Preprint Nr. 1067},
  year = {1987},
  address = {D-6100 Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 7},
  topic = {graphics-generation;graph-theory;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wille:1992a,
  author = {Rudolf Wille},
  title = {Concept Lattices and Conceptual Knowledge Systems},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {493--515},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ williams_b:1998a,
  author = {Briony Williams},
  title = {Review of {\it Progress in Speech Synthesis}, edited by 
  	{J}an {P}.{H}. van {S}anten and {R}ichard {W}. {S}proat and 
	{J}oseph {P}. {O}live and {J}ulia {H}irschberg},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {509--511},
  xref = {Review of: vansanten-etal:1997a.},
  topic = {speech-generation;} 
  } 

@incollection{ williams_bao:1970a1,
  author = {Bernard A.O. Williams},
  title = {Deciding to Believe},
  booktitle = {Language, Belief, and Metaphysics},
  publisher = {State University of New York Press},
  year = {1970},
  editor = {Howard E. Kiefer and Milton K.Munitz},
  address = {Albany},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Republication: williams_bao:1970a2.},
  topic = {belief;volition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ williams_bao:1970a2,
  author = {Bernard A.O. Williams},
  title = {Deciding to Believe},
  booktitle = {Problems of the Self},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Bernard A.O. Williams},
  pages = {136--151},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Original publication: williams_bao:1970a1.},
  topic = {belief;volition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ williams_bao:1973a,
  author = {Bernard A.O. Williams},
  title = {Imperative Inference},
  booktitle = {Problems of the Self},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Bernard A.O. Williams},
  pages = {152--158},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {imperative-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ williams_bao:1973b,
  author = {Bernard A.O. Williams},
  title = {Additional Note},
  booktitle = {Problems of the Self},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Bernard A.O. Williams},
  pages = {159--165},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  note = {To ``Imperative Inference.''},
  topic = {imperative-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ williams_bao:1973c,
  author = {Bernard A.O. Williams},
  title = {Consequentialism and Integrity},
  booktitle = {Utilitarianism: For and Against},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {J.J.C. Smart and Bernard Williams},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}  
    } 

@book{ williams_bao:1973d,
  author = {Bernard A.O. Williams},
  title = {Problems of the Self},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1973},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0 521 20226 6},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;personal-identity;}  
 } 

@incollection{ williams_bao:1978a,
  author = {B.A.O. Williams},
  title = {Ethical Consistency},
  booktitle = {Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Joseph Raz},
  pages = {91--109},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {moral-conflict;}  
  } 

@article{ williams_bc:1984a,
  author = {Brian C.  Williams},
  title = {Qualitative Analysis of {MOS} Circuits},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {281--346},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ williams_bc:1991a,
  author = {Brian C. Williams},
  title = {A Theory of Interactions: Unifying Qualitative and
  	Quantitative Algebraic Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {39--94},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
      The apparently weak properties of a purely qualitative algebra
     have led some to conclude that researchers must turn instead to
     extra-mathematical properties of physical systems.  We propose
     instead that a more powerful qualitative algebra is needed, one
     that merges the algebras on signs and reals, along with symbolic
     techniques for manipulating this algebra.  We have constructed a
     hybrid algebra, called SR1 which allows intermediate
     abstractions to be selected between traditional qualitative and
     quantitative algebras.
      SR1 and the symbolic algebra system Minima demonstrate
     substantial progress towards a theory of continuous interactions
     between quantities - one that allows just the interesting
     features of interactions to be represented, and that captures
     skills for composing and comparing interactions.  This theory is
     sufficiently expressive to determine the behaviors that a
     variety of fluid regulation devices will achieve - not just what
     is impossible.  It embodies in a simple manner many existing
     algebraic formalisms for describing and individually
     manipulating interactions, including confluences, inequalities,
     and monotonicity operators, as well as many of the individual
     inferences of qualitative arithmetic, composition of
     monotonicity, inequality algebra, transition analysis,
     qualitative resolution and traditional algebra. } ,
  topic = {automated-algebra;reasoning-about-physical-systems;
  	combined-qualitative-and-quantitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ williams_bc-dekleer:1991a,
  author = {Brian C. Williams and Johan de Kleer},
  title = {Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems: A Return to
  	Roots},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {1--9},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ williams_bc-nayak:1999a,
  author = {Brian C. Williams and P. Pandurang Nayak},
  title = {A Model-Based Approach to Reactive Self-Configuring
  		Systems},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {theorem-proving;diagnosis;}  
  } 

@article{ williams_bo:1976a,
  author = {Bernard O. Williams},
  title = {Where {C}homsky Stands},
  journal = {The New York Review of Books},
  year = {1975},
  pages = {43--45},
  month = {November 11},
  note = {Review of {\em Reflections on Language}, by {N}oam
  	{C}homsky and {\em On Noam Chomsky}, edited by {G}ilbert
	{H}arman},
  topic = {Chomsky;philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ williams_bo:1985a,
  author = {Bernard Williams},
  title = {Which Slopes Are Slippery?},
  booktitle = {Moral Dilemmas in Modern Medicine},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Mochael Lockwood},
  address = {Oxford},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ williams_cjf:1971a,
  author = {C.J.F. Williams},
  title = {Stroup on {A}ustin on `Ifs'\,},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {80},
  number = {317},
  pages = {93--95},  
  xref = {Commentary on stroup:1968a.  Reply: stroup:1974a.},
  topic = {conditionals;JL-Austin;} 
  } 

@article{ williams_cjf:1980a,
  author = {Christopehr J.F. Williams},
  title = {What Is, Necessarily Is, When It Is},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {40},
  pages = {127--131},
  missinginfo = {number},
  acontentnote = {Towards the end of the sea-battle discussion,
     Aristotle distinguishes (a) ``One or other of them is necessarily the
     case'' from (b) ``Necessarily, one or other is the case.'' He says he
     has given ``the same account'' of ``What is, necessarily is, when it
     is.''  But to do this is to distinguish (c) ``What is the case, when it
     is the case, is necessarily the case'' from (d) ``necessarily, what is
     the case, when it is the case, is the case.''  Since he would accept
     both (c) and (d), the purpose of the distinction is obscure.
     tentative explanations are suggested.},
  topic = {future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@article{ williams_cp-hogg:1994a,
  author = {Colin P. Williams and Tad Hogg},
  title = {Exploiting the Deep Structure of Constraint Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {70},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {73--117},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We introduce a technique for analyzing the behavior of
     sophisticated AI search programs working on realistic,
     large-scale problems.  This approach allows us to predict where,
     in a space of problem instances, the hardest problems are to be
     found and where the fluctuations in difficulty are greatest.  Our
     key insight is to shift emphasis from modelling sophisticated
     algorithms directly to modelling a search space that captures
     their principal effects.  We compare our model's predictions with
     actual data on real problems obtained independently and show
     that the agreement is quite good.  By systematically relaxing our
     underlying modelling assumptions we identify their relative
     contribution to the remaining error and then remedy it.  We also
     discuss further applications of our model and suggest how this
     type of analysis can be generalized to other kinds of AI
     problems.  } ,
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;AI-algorithms-analysis;search;}  
  } 

@incollection{ williams_dc:1951b,
  author = {Donald C. Williams},
  title = {The Sea-Fight Tomorrow},
  booktitle = {Structure, Method, and Meaning: Essays in Honor of
		{H}enry M. {S}heffer},
  publisher = {Liberal Arts Press},
  year = {1951},
  editor = {Paul Henle and Horace M. Kallen and Susanne K. Langer},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {Frege;intensional-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ williams_e:1977a,
  author = {Edwin Williams},
  title = {Discourse and Logical Form},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  pages = {101--139},
  topic = {discourse;anaphora;LF;}  
  } 

@article{ williams_e:1980a,
  author = {Edwin Williams},
  title = {Predication},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {203--238},
  topic = {predication;}  
  } 

@article{ williams_e:1981a,
   author = {Edwin Williams},
   title = {Argument Structure and Morphology},
   journal = {The Linguistic Review},
   year = {1981},
   volume = {1},
   pages = {81--114},
   missinginfo = {number},
   topic = {argument-structure;}  
  } 

@article{ williams_e:1983a,
   author = {Edwin Williams},
   title = {Syntactic and Semantic Categories},
   journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
   year = {1983},
   volume = {6},
   number = {3},
   pages = {423--446},
   contentnote = {Wants to show that semantic and syntactic categories
	  cut across each other.  First, shows that there are
	  predicative NPs, i.e., NPs that are semantically
	  like verbs and adjectives.  His examples involve
	  mostly indefinite descriptions and pseudo-clefts.},
  topic = {nl-semantic-types;syntactic-categories;}  
  } 

@article{ williams_e:1986a,
  author = {Edwin Williams},
  title = {A Reassignment of the Functions of {LF}},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {17},
  missinginfo = {pages, number},
  topic = {LF;}  
  } 

@article{ williams_e:1987a,
  author = {Edwin Williams},
  title = {Implicit Arguments, Binding, and Control},
  journal = {Natural Language and Linguistic Theory},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {151--180},
  topic = {binding-theory;syntactic-control;}  
  } 

@article{ williams_e:1987b,
  author = {Edwin Williams},
  title = {{NP} Trace in Theta Theory},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {433--447},
  topic = {nl-syntax;government-binding-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ williams_e:1993a,
  author = {Edwin Williams},
  title = {Thematic Structure in Syntax},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {thematic-roles;GB-syntax;}  
 } 

@article{ williams_e:1997a,
  author = {Edwin Williams},
  title = {The Asymmetry of Predication},
  journal = {Texas Linguistic Forum},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {38},
  pages = {323--333},
  topic = {predication;}  
  } 

@article{ williams_m:1984a,
  author = {Meredith Williams},
  title = {Language Learning and the Representational Theory
  	of Mind},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {58},
  number = {2},
  pages = {129--151},
  topic = {mental-representations;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@article{ williams_m1:1999a,
  author = {Michael Williams},
  title = {Meaning and Deflationary Truth},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {11},
  pages = {545--564},
  topic = {truth;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ williams_ma:1994a,
  author = {Mary-Anne Williams},
  title = {On the Logic of Theory Base Change},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce},
  pages = {86--105},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ williams_ma:1994b,
  author = {Mary-Anne Williams},
  title = {Transmutations of Knowledge Systems},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {619--629},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;conditionals;belief-revision;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ williams_ma:1995a,
  author = {Mary-Anne Williams},
  title = {Iterated Theory Base Change: A Computational Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1541--1547},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ williams_ma:1996a,
  author = {{Mary-{A}nne} Williams},
  title = {Towards a Practical Approach to Belief Revision:
  	Reason-based Change},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {412--420},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ williams_ma-antoniou:1998a,
  author = {Mary-Anne Williams and Grigoris Antoniou},
  title = {A Strategy for Revising Default Theory Extensions},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {24--33},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;defsult-logic;belief-revision;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ williamson_j:1987a,
  author = {Janis S. Williamson},
  title = {An Indefiniteness Restriction for Relative
		Clauses in Lakhota},
  booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  pages = {168--190},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {(in)definiteness;relative-clauses;Siouxan-language;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ williamson_m-hanks:1993a,
  author = {Mike Williamson and Steve Hanks},
  title = {Exploiting Domain Structure to Achieve Efficient Temporal
  	Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {153--157},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ williamson_m:1994a,
  author = {Mike Williamson},
  title = {Optimal Planning With a Goal-Directed Utility Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on {AI} 
  	Planning Systems},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Kristian J. Hammond},
  pages = {176--181},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {planning;decision-theoretic-planning;}  
  } 

@book{ williamson_oe:1975a,
  author = {Oliver E.  Williamson},
  title = {Markets and Hierarchies, Analysis and Antitrust
  	Implications: A Study in the Economics of Internal
	Organization},
  publisher = {Free Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0029353602},
  topic = {industrial-organization;corporate-management;}  
 } 

@article{ williamson_t:1988a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Assertion, Denial and Some Cancellation Rules in Modal
  	Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {3},
  pages = {299--318},
  topic = {modal-logic;assertion;}  
  } 

@book{ williamson_t:1990a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Identity and Discrimination},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}  
 } 

@article{ williamson_t:1990b,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Review of {\it For Truth in Semantics}, by {A}nthony
  	{A}ppiah},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {129--135},
  xref = {Review of appiah:1986a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophical-realism;truth;}  
  } 

@article{ williamson_t:1990c,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Review of {\it Logical Investigations of Predication
  	Theory and the Problem of Universals}, by {N}ino {B}. 	
	{C}occhiarella},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {265--271},
  topic = {metaphysics;philosophical-realism;}  
  } 

@article{ williamson_t:1992a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {On Intuitionistic Modal Epistemic Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {63--79},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;modal-logic;epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ williamson_t:1992b1,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Vagueness and Ignorance},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {66},
  pages = {145--162},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  xref = {Republication: williamson_t:1992b2.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ williamson_t:1992b2,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Vagueness and Ignorance},
  booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {265--280},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of: williamson_t:1992b1.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ williamson_t:1994a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Non-Genuine {M}ac{I}ntosh Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--101},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ williamson_t:1996a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Vagueness},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1996},
  address = {London},
  xref = {Review: mcgee-mclaughlin_bp:1998a.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
 } 

@incollection{ williamson_t:1996b,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Imagination, Stipulation, and Vagueness},
  booktitle = {Philosophival Issues, Vol. 8},
  publisher = {Ridgeview},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {E. Villanueva},
  address = {Atascadero, California},
  contentnote = {Says that the reason that we can't imagine a sharp
                  cut-off is that we can't recognize a stage (of
                  removal of grains) as the transitional stage when
                  we're actually confronted with the removal process,
                  thus we can't recognize a stage as transitional when
                  we imagine the removal process.  The idea here is
                  that recognize entails knowledge. --Delia Graff.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ williamson_t:1996c,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {What Makes it a Heap?},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {327--339},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ williamson_t:1996d,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Putnam on the Sorites Paradox},
  journal = {Philosophical Papers},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--56},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ williamson_t:1998a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {The Broadness of the Mental: Some Logical Considerations},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {389--410},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mental-representations;}  
  } 

@incollection{ williamson_t:1999a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Schiffer on the Epistemic Theory of Vagueness},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 13: Epistemology, 1999},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {505--517},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ williamson_t:1999b,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {On the Structure of Higher-Order Vagueness},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {108},
  number = {429},
  pages = {127--143},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
} 

@incollection{ willie:1995a,
  author = {Ulrich Willie},
  title = {Indicative Conditionals and Autoepistemic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {Akedemie Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {147--162},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {conditionals;autoepistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ wills:1990a,
  author = {Linda Mary Wills},
  title = {Automated Program Recognition: A Feasibility
  	Demonstration},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {113--171},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
      The recognition of familiar computational structures in a program
      can help an experienced programmer to understand a program.
      Automating this recognition process will facilitate many tasks
      that require program understanding, e.g., maintenance,
      translation, and debugging. This paper describes a prototype
      recognition system which demonstrates the feasibility of
      automating program recognition.  The prototype system
      automatically identifies occurrences of stereotyped algorithmic
      fragments and data structures, called cliches, in
      programs. It does so even though the cliches may be
      expressed in a wide range of syntactic forms and may be in the
      midst of unfamiliar code. Based on the known behaviors of these
      cliches and the relationships between them, the system
      generates a hierarchical description of a plausible design of
      the program. It does this systematically and exhaustively,
      using a parsing technique.  This work is built on two previous
      advances: a graphical, programming-language-independent
      representation for programs, called the Plan Calculus, and an
      efficient graph parsing algorithm.},
  topic = {automatic-programming;structure-recognition;}  
  } 

@article{ willshaw:1994a,
  author = {David Willshaw},
  title = {Non-Symbolic Approaches to Artificial
    		Intelligence and the Mind},
  journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A:
  	Physical Sciences and Engineering},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {349},
  number = {1689},
  pages = {7--101},
  note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html},
  topic = {connectionist-models;foundations-of-AI;
  	computational-neuroscience;foundations-of-cognitive-science;
	sub-symbolic-representations;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wilson_a-thomas_j:1997a,
  author = {Andrew Wilson and Jenny Thomas},
  title = {Semantic Annotation},
  booktitle = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  pages = {53--65},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;lexical-semantics;
  	semantic-fields;}  
  } 

@book{ wilson_d:1975a,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson},
  title = {Presuppositions and Non-Truth-Conditional Semantics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ wilson_d:1975b,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson},
  title = {Presupposition, Assertion, and Lexical Items},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--114},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1979a,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {Ordered Entailments: An Alternative to Presuppositional
  	Theories},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 11: Presupposition},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {ChoonKyo Oh and David A. Dineen},
  pages = {299--323},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1981a,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {On {G}rice's Theory of Conversation},
  booktitle = {Conversation and Discourse},
  publisher = {St. Martin's Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Paul Werth},
  pages = {155--178},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {Grice;implicature;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1981b,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {Irony and the Use-Mention Distinction},
  booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {295--318},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {irony;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1985a,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {Inference and Implicature in
    		Utterance Interpretation } ,
  booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle},
  pages = {241--263},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {relevance-theory;implicature;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1986a,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {Inference and Implicature},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Interpretation},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Charles Travis},
  pages = {377--393},
  address = {Oxford, England},
  topic = {implicature;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ wilson_d-sperber:1986b,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {An Outline of Relevance Theory},
  year = {1986},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of London.},
  topic = {implicature;relevance-theory;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1986c,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {On Defining Relevance},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {243--258},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {implicature;relevance-theory;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1988a,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {Representation and Relevance},
  booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and
  	Reality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Ruth Kempson},
  pages = {133--153},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {implicature;relevance-theory;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ wilson_d-sperber:1988b,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {Mood and the Analysis of Non-Declarative Sentences},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University College London.},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;imperatives;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@article{ wilson_d-sperber:1992a,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {On Verbal Irony},
  journal = {Lingua},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {87},
  number = {1/2},
  pages = {53--76},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {irony;}  
  } 

@book{ wilson_d-sperber:1995a,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {Relevance: Communication and Cognition},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {Blackwell},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-631-19878-4},
  topic = {implicature;relevance-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1998a,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {Pragmatics and Time},
  booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida},
  pages = {1--22},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {relevance-theory;temporal-reasoning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ wilson_g:1978a,
  author = {George Wilson},
  title = {On Definite and Indefinite Descriptions},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {77},
  number = {1},
  pages = {48--76},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;definiteness;indefiniteness;}  
  } 

@article{ wilson_g:1991a,
  author = {George Wilson},
  title = {Reference and Pronominal Descriptions},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {88},
  number = {7},
  pages = {359--387},
  topic = {reference;}  
  } 

@book{ wilson_gm:1989a,
  author = {George M. Wilson},
  title = {The Intentionality of Human Action},
  publisher = {Stanford University Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;intention;action;}  
 } 

@article{ wilson_k:1993a,
  author = {Kent Wilson},
  title = {Comment on {P}eter of {S}pain, {J}im {M}ac{K}enzie, and
		Begging the Question},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {323--331},
  xref = {Comment on mackenzie:1984a},
  topic = {dialogue-logic;argumentation;}  
  } 

@article{ wilson_m:1991a,
  author = {Mark Wilson},
  title = {Reference and Pronominal Descriptions},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {86},
  pages = {359--387},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;definite-descriptions;demonstratives;}  
  } 

@article{ wilson_m:1994a,
  author = {Mark Wilson},
  title = {Can We Trust Logical Form},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {91},
  number = {10},
  pages = {519--544},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ wilson_mh-latombe:1994a,
  author = {Randall H. Wilson and Jean-Claude Latombe},
  title = {Geometric Reasoning about Mechanical Assembly},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {71},
  number = {2},
  pages = {371--396},
  topic = {assembly;spatial-reasoning;geometrical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ wilson_nl:1965a,
  author = {Neil L. Wilson},
  title = {Modality and Identity: A Defense},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {18},
  pages = {471--477},
  topic = {identity;quantifying-in-modality;}  
  } 

@article{ wilson_nl:1965b,
  author = {Neil L. Wilson},
  title = {Comments},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {20},
  pages = {605--606},
  xref = {Commentary on: katz_jj:1965a.},
  topic = {philosophy-and-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ wilson_nl:1967a,
  author = {Neil L. Wilson},
  title = {Linguistical Butter and Philosophical Parsnips},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {64},
  number = {2},
  pages = {55--67},
  xref = {Review of katz_jj:1966a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-and-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ wilson_nl:1970a,
  author = {Neil L. Wilson},
  title = {Grice on Meaning: The Ultimate Counterexample},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {295--302},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ wilson_nl:1970b,
  author = {N.L. Wilson},
  title = {Note on the Form of Certain Elementary Facts},
  year = {1970},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {adverbs;events;facts;philoso[phical-ontology;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ wilson_nl:1970c,
  author = {N.L. Wilson},
  title = {Qualities and Quality Reference},
  year = {1971},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {metaphysics;color-terms;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ wilson_nl:1971a,
  author = {N.L. Wilson},
  title = {The Two Main Problems of Philosophy and Some Tips
		on Their Solution},
  year = {1971},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  contentnote = {The 2 problems are the mind-body problem and why
	there should be something rather than nothing.},
  topic = {metaphysics;philosophy-of-mind;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ wilson_nl:1971b,
  author = {N.L. Wilson},
  title = {On Semantically Relevant Whatsits: A Semantics
	for Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1971},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@article{ wilson_nl:1972a,
  author = {N.L. Wilson},
  title = {What Exactly {\it Is} {E}nglish?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {170--183},
  topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ wilson_nl:1976a,
  author = {N.L. Wilson},
  title = {The Ontology of General Semantics (Or, On the Nature
		of Languages, Another Whack)},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {foundations-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ wilson_r:1998a,
  author = {Rob Wilson},
  title = {Review of {\it Symbols, Computation, and Intentionality: A
  	Critique of the Computational Theory of Mind}, by {S}teven {W}.
	{H}orst},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {1},
  xref = {Review of horst:1996a.},
  pages = {120--125},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;intentionality;
  	foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ wilson_ra-keil:1999a,
  editor = {Robert A. Wilson and Frank C. Keil},
  title = {The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences},
  publisher = {the {MIT} Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: nerbonne:2000a},
  topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;}  
 } 

@article{ wilson_ra:2001a,
  author = {Robert A. Wilson},
  title = {The Cognitive Sciences:  A Comment on Six Reviews 
        of {\it The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive
  	Sciences}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {130},
  number = {2},
  pages = {223--229},
  xref = {Response to: carr_c:2001a, carr_c:2001a, dorr:2001a,
  	husbands:2001a, lakoff_g:2001a, peterson_dm:2001a.},
  topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;}  
  } 

@article{ wilson_rh:1998a,
  author = {Randall H. Wilson},
  title = {Geometric Reasoning about Assembly Tools},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {98},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {237--279},
  topic = {assembly;spatial-reasoning;geometrical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ winikoff-etal:2002a,
  author = {Michael Winikoff and Lin Padgham and James Harland and
  	John Thangarajah},
  title = {Declarative and Procedural Goals in Intelligent Agent
  	Systems},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and 
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {470--481},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;} 
  } 

@incollection{ winiwarter-kambayashi:1998a,
  author = {Werner Winiwarter and Yahiko Kambayashi},
  title = {A Comparative Study of the Application of Different
  	Learning Techniques to Natural Language Interfaces},
  booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {T. Mark Ellison},
  pages = {125--135},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;nl-interpretation;nl-interfaces;}  
  } 

@book{ winner:1988a,
  author = {Ellen Winner},
  title = {The Points of Words: Children's Understanding of Metaphor
  	and Irony},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0674681258},
  topic = {irony;}  
 } 

@article{ winner-leekam:1991a,
  author = {Ellen Winner and S. Leekam},
  title = {Distinguishing Irony from Deceptional Understanding of
  	the Speaker's Second-Order Intention},
  journal = {The {B}ritish Journal of Developmental Psychology},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {257--270},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st names},
  topic = {irony;}  
  } 

@article{ winnie:2000a,
  author = {John Winnie},
  title = {Information and Structure in Molecular Biology: 
  	Comments on {M}aynard {S}mith},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {517--526},
  topic = {philosophy-of-biology;generics;theories-of-information;}  
  } 

@book{ winograd:1972a,
  author = {Terry Winograd},
  title = {Understanding Natural Language},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1972},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {nl-processing;}  
 } 

@article{ winograd:1979a,
  author = {Terry Winograd},
  title = {Extended Inference Modes in Reasoning by Computer
  	Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {5--26},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper reviews the history of process-dependent reasoning in
     AI systems, and argues that it represents an essentially
     different approach to non-monotonic reasoning from other
     formalizations.  Much of the paper is a basic level tutorial,
     explaining the issues and providing a framework for
     understanding the essential features of non-monotonic reasoning.  } ,
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ winograd:1980a,
  author = {Terry Winograd},
  title = {Extended Inference Modes in Reasoning by Computer Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {5--26},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning-survey;}  
  } 

@book{ winograd:1983a,
  author = {Terry Winograd},
  title = {Language as a Cognitive Process},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nlp-intro;nlp-survey;}  
 } 

@article{ winograd:1985a,
  author = {Terry Winograd},
  title = {Moving the Semantic Fulcrum},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--104},
  topic = {situation-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ winsberg-etal:2000a,
  author = {Eric Winsberg and Mathias Frisch and Karen Merikangas
  	Duncan and Arthur Fine},
  title = {Review of {\it The Dappled World:  A Study
  	in the Boundaries of Science}, by {N}ancy {C}artwright},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {2},
  pages = {403--408},
  xref = {Review of cartwright_n:1999a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;natural-laws;}  
  } 

@book{ winskel:1993a,
  author = {Glynn Winskel},
  title = {The Formal Semantics of Programming Languages},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {semantics-of-programming-languages;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ winslett:1988a,
  author = {Marianne Winslett},
  title = {Reasoning about Action Using a Possible Models Approach},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell},
  pages = {429--450},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {specific topics},
  topic = {action;frame-problem;ramification-problem;qualification-problem;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ winslett:1989a,
  author = {Marianne Winslett},
  title = {Sometimes Updates Are Circumscriptions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {89--93},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {belief-revision;circumscription;database-update;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ winslett:1990a,
  author = {Miarianne Winslett},
  title = {Setwise Circumscription},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Illinois.},
  topic = {circumscription;}  
  } 

@book{ winslett:1990b,
  author = {Marianne Winslett},
  title = {Updating Logical Databases},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {databases;database-update;belief-revision;}  
 } 

@article{ winslett:1991a,
  author = {Marianne Winslett},
  title = {Circumscriptive Semantics for Updating Knowledge Bases},
  journal = {Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {429--450},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {circumscription;belief-revision;database-update;}  
  } 

@book{ winston_me:1982a,
  author = {Morton E. Winston},
  title = {Explanation in Linguistics: A Critique of Generative
  	Grammar},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@book{ winston_ph:1975a,
  author = {Patrick H. Winston},
  title = {The Psychology of Computer Vision},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1975},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0070710481},
  xref = {Review: rosenfeld:1976a.},
  topic = {computer-vision;}  
} 

@article{ winston_ph:1978a,
  author = {Patrick H. Winston},
  title = {Learning by Creating and Justifying Transfer Frames},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {147--172},
  topic = {machine-learning;frames;}  
  } 

@article{ winston_ph:1979a,
  author = {Patrick H. Winston},
  title = {Learning and Reasoning by Analogy},
  journal = {Journal of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputing {M}achinery},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {689--703},
  topic = {analogy;analogical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ winston_ph:1982a,
  author = {Patrick H. Winston},
  title = {Learning New Principles from Precedents and Exercises},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {321--350},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Much learning is done by way of studying precedents and
     exercises.  A teacher supplies a story, gives a problem, and
     expects a student both to solve a problem and to discover a
     principle.  The student must find the correspondence between the
     story and the problem, apply the knowledge in the story to solve
     the problem, generalize to form a principle, and index the
     principle so that it can be retrieved when appropriate.  This
     sort of learning pervades Management, Political Science,
     Economics, Law, and Medicine, as well as the development of
     common-sense knowledge about life in general.
      This paper presents a theory of how it is possible to learn by
     precedents and exercises and describes an implemented system
     that exploits the theory.  The theory holds that causal
     relations identify the regularities that can be exploited from
     past experience, given a satisfactory representation for
     situations.  The representation used stresses actors and objects
     which are taken from English-like input and arranged into a kind
     of semantic network.  Principles emerge in the form of
     production rules which are expressed in the same way situations
     are.  } ,
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;machine-learning;causal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@book{ winston_ph:1984a,
  author = {Patrick H. Winston},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Company},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  edition = {Second},
  xref = {Review: reese:1985a.},
  topic = {AI-intro;AI-survey;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ winter:1995a,
  author = {Yoad Winter},
  title = {Syncategorematic Conjunction and Structured Meanings},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {387--404},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;coordination;}  
  } 

@article{ winter:1996a,
  author = {Yoad Winter},
  title = {A Unified Semantic Treatment of Singular {NP} Coordination},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {19},
  number = {4},
  pages = {337--392},
  topic = {nl-semantic-types;polymorphism;coordination;plural;}  
  } 

@article{ winter:1997a,
  author = {Yoad Winter},
  title = {Choice Functions and the Scopal Semantics of Indefinites},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {399--467},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifier-scope;}  
  } 

@incollection{ winter:1999a,
  author = {Yoad Winter},
  title = {Plural Type Quantification},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
	of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {229--234},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;plural;}  
  } 

@article{ winter:2000a,
  author = {Yoad Winter},
  title = {Distributivity and Dependency},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--69},
  topic = {nl-semantics;plural;distributive/collective-readings;}  
  } 

@article{ winter:2001a,
  author = {Yoad Winter},
  title = {Review of {\it Computing Meaning, Volume 1}, edited by
  	{H}arry {B}unt and {R}einhard {M}uskens},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {143--145},
  xref = {Review of bunt-muskens:1999a.},
  topic = {computational-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ winter-sarkar:2002a,
  author = {Shuly Winter and Anoop Sarkar},
  title = {A Note on Typing Feature Structures},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {28},
  number = {3},
  pages = {389--397},
  topic = {typed-feature-structures;} 
  } 

@article{ wintner-francez:1999a,
  author = {Shuly Wintner and Nissim Francez},
  title = {Off-Line Parsibility and the Well-Foundedness
  	of Subsumption},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--16},
  topic = {typed-feature-structure-logic;parsing-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ wipke-etal:1978a,
  author = {W. Todd Wipke and Glenn I. Ouchi and S. Krishnan},
  title = {Simulation and Evaluation of Chemical Synthesis---{SECS}:
  	An Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {173--193},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The problem of designing chemical syntheses of complex organic
     compounds is a challenging domain for application of artificial
     intelligence techniques.  SECS is an interactive program to
     assist a chemist in heuristically searching and evaluating the
     space of good synthetic pathways. The chemist-computer team,
     linked through computer graphics, develops synthetic plans using
     a logic-centered backward analysis from the target structure.
     The reaction knowledge base, written in the ALCHEM language, is
     separate from the program and control strategies. Performance is
     demonstrated on the insect pheromone grandisol.  } ,
  topic = {computer-assisted-science;chemical-synthesis;}  
  } 

@book{ wirth:1976a,
  editor = {Jessica R. Wirth},
  title = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments},
  publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Rudolf P. Botha, "On the Analysis of Linguistic Argumentation"
  	2. Fred R. Eckman, "Empirical and Nonempirical Generalizations
		in Syntax"
  	3. Michael B. Kac, "Hypothetical Constructs in Syntax"
  	4. Jerrold M. Sadock, "On Significant Generalization:
		Notes on the Hallean Syllogism"
  	5. Michael N Perloff and Jessica R. Wirth, "On Independent
		Motivation"
  	6. Ray C. Dougherty, "Argument Invention: The Linguist's
		`Feel' for Science"
  	7. Sanford A. Schane, "The Best Argument is in the Mind of
		the Beholder"
  	8. Ashley J. Hastings and Andreas Koutsoudas, "Performance
		Models and the Generative-Interpretive Debate"
  	9. Myrna Gopnik, "What the Theorist Saw"
       10. Marvin D. Loflin, "Black English Deep Structure"
  } ,
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ wirth:1977a,
  author = {Jessica R. Wirth},
  title = {Logical Considerations in the Testing of Linguistic
  	Hypotheses},
  booktitle = {Testing Linguistic Hypotheses},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David Cohen and Jessica Worth},
  pages = {211--220},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ wisdom:1974a,
  author = {William A. Wisdom},
  title = {Lewis {C}arroll's Infinite Regress},
  journal = {Mind},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {81},
  number = {332},
  pages = {571--573},
  xref = {This contains many references.},
  topic = {Achilles-and-the-tortoise;}  
  } 

@book{ wise-etal:1993a,
  editor = {John A. Wise and V. David Hopkin and Paul Stager},
  title = {Verification and Validation of Complex Systems: Human
  	Factors Issues},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540565744},
  topic = {software-engineering;}  
 } 

@article{ wisniewski_a:1994a,
  author = {Andrezej Wi\'sniewski},
  title = {Erotetic Implication},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2},
  pages = {173--195},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
  } 

@book{ wisniewski_a:1995a,
  author = {Andrzej Wisniewski},
  title = {The Posing of Questions: Logical Foundations of Erotetic
  	Inferences},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Review: harrah:1998a},
  topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ wisniewski_rw-brown:1995a,
  author = {Robert W. Wisniewski and Christopher M. Brown},
  title = {Adaptable Planner Primitives for Real-World Robotic
  	Applications},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {64--70},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {planning;foundations-of-robotics;}  
  } 

@article{ witkin:1981a,
  author = {Andrew P. Witkin},
  title = {Recovering Surface Shape and Orientation from Texture},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {17--45},
  topic = {texture;shape-recognition;computer-vision;}  
  } 

@article{ witten-bell_tc:1991a,
  author = {Ian H. Witten and T.C. Bell},
  title = {The Zero-Frequency Problem: Estimating the Probabilities
  	of Novel Events in Adaptive Text Compression},
  journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Information Theory},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {37},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1085--1094},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;frequency-estimation;}  
  } 

@book{ witten-frank_e:2000a,
  author = {Ian H. Witten and Eibe Frank},
  title = {Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and
  	Techniques with {J}ava Implementations},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2000},
  address = {San Francisco},
  ISBN = {1-55860-552-5},
  xref = {Review: davis_e:2001a.},
  topic = {machine-learning;AI-courseware;data-mining;}  
 } 

@incollection{ wittenburg-wall:1981a,
  author = {Kent Wittenburg and Robert E. Wall},
  title = {Parsing with Categorial
     		Grammar in Predicate Normal Form},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Masaru Tomita},
  pages = {65--83},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;categorial-grammar;}  
  } 

@incollection{ witteveen:1991a,
  author = {Cees Witteveen},
  title = {Skeptical Reason Maintenance is Tractable},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {570--581},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;truth-maintenance;kr-course;tractable-logics;}  
  } 

@article{ witteveen-brewka:1993a,
  author = {Cees Witteveen and Gerhard Brewka},
  title = {Skeptical Reason Maintenance and Belief Revision},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {61},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--36},
  topic = {truth-maintenance;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ witteveen-etal:1994a,
  author = {Cees Witteveen and Wiebe {van der Hoek} and Hans Nivelle},
  title = {Revision of Non-Monotonic Theories},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce},
  pages = {137--151},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;belief-revision;}  
  } 

@incollection{ witteveen:1996a,
  author = {Cees Witteveen},
  title = {Belief Revision in Truth Maintenance},
  booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in
  	Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott},
  pages = {447--470},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {belief-revision;truth-maintenance;}  
  } 

@article{ witteveen-vanderhoek:1998a,
  author = {Cees Witteveen and Wiebe {van der Hoek}},
  title = {Recovery of (Non)Monotonic Theories},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {106},
  number = {1},
  pages = {139--159},
  topic = {belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ wobcke-etal:1998a,
  editor = {Wayne Wobcke and Maurice Pagnucco and Chengqi Zhang},
  title = {Agents and Multi-Agent Systems: Formalisms, Methodologies, and
  Applications.   Based on the {AI}'97 Workshops on Commonsense Reasoning,
  Intelligent Agents, and Distributed Artificial Intelligence, Perth,
  Australia, December 1, 1997},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540647694 (softcover)},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Steven Shapiro, Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J.
     	   Levesque, "Specifying Communicative Multi-Agent Systems"
     2. Michael Wooldridge and Afsaneh Haddadi, "Making it up as They
     	   Go along: A Theory of Reactive Cooperation"
     3. Wayne Wobcke, "Agency and the Logic of Ability"
     4. Alessio Lomuscio and Mark Ryan, "On the Relation between
     	  Interpreted Systems and {K}ripke Models"
     5. Li-Yan Yuan and Jia-Huai You and Randy Goebel, "Disjunctive
     	  Logic Programming and Possible Model Semantics"
     6. Kazumi Nakamatsu and Atsuyuki Suzuki, "A Non-Monotonic
          {ATMS} Based on Annotated Logic Programs with
          Strong Negation"
     7. Greg Gibbon and Janet Aisbett , "Switching between
          Reasoning and Search"
     8. Bernard Moulin, "The Social Dimension of Interactions in
          Multiagent Systems"
     9. Timothy J. Norman and Nicholas R. Jennings, "Generating
          States of Joint Commitment between Autonomous Agents"
    10. Sascha Ossowski and Ana Garc\'ia-Serrano, "Social Co-Ordination
          among Autonomous Problem-Solving Agents"
    11. Chengqi Zhang and Yuefeng Li, "An Algoritm for Plan
          Verification in Multiple Agent Systems"
    12. Hung Hai Bui and Svetha Venkatesh and Dorota Kieronska, "A
          Framework for Coordination and Learning among Teams of Agents"
    13. Bengt Carlsson and Stefan Johansson, "An Iterated
          Hawk-and-Dove Game"
    14. Satoru Yoshida et al., "A Game-Theoretic Solution
    	  of Conflicts among Competitive Agents"
    15. Chengqi Zhang and Xudong Luo , "Transformation between the
         {EMYCIN} Model and the {B}ayesian Network"
    16. Dong Mei Zhang and Leila Alem and Kalina Yacef, "Using
         Multi-Agent Approach for the Design of an Intelligent
	 Learning Environment"
    17. Minjie Zhang, "A Case-Based Strategy for
         Solution Synthesis among Cooperative Expert Systems"
  } ,
  topic = {agent-modeling;common-sense-reasoning;multiagent-systems;}  
 } 

@incollection{ wobcke:1999a,
  author = {Wayne Wobcke},
  title = {The Role of Context in the Analysis and
			Design of Agent Programs},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {403--416},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;agent-architectures;}  
  } 

@book{ woisetschlaeger:1976a,
  author = {Erich F. Woisetschlaeger},
  title = {A Semantic Theory of the {E}nglish Auxiliary System},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1976},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {tense-aspect;English-language;auxiliary-verbs;nl-modality;
  	nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@book{ woisetschlaeger:1985a,
  author = {Erich F. Woisetschlaeger},
  title = {A Semantic Theory of the {E}nglish Auxiliary System},
  publisher = {Garland Publishing Co.},
  address = {New York},
  year = {1985},
  topic = {nl-modality;nl-modality;auxiliary-verbs;modal-auxiliaries;
  	nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@article{ wojciki:1975a,
  author = {Ryszard W\'ojciki},
  title = {Deterministic Systems},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {219--227},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {(in)determinism;philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@article{ wojecki:1980a,
  author = {Ryszard W\'ojecki},
  title = {Set Theoretic Representation of Empirical Phenomena},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {337--343},
  topic = {formalizations-of-physics;}  
  } 

@book{ wolck-matthews_ph:1965a,
  author = {Wolfgang W\"olck and P.H. Matthews},
  title = {A Preliminary Classification of Adverbs in {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1965},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {adverbs;English-language;}  
 } 

@article{ wolenski:2001a,
  author = {Jan Wole\'nski},
  title = {Review of {\it Exploring Logical Dynamics}, by
  	{J}ohan van {B}enthem},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {111--116},
  xref = {Review of vanbenthem:1996a.},
  topic = {dynamic-semantics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ wolf:1974a,
  author = {Robert G. Wolf},
  title = {A Survey of Many-Valued Logic (1966--1974)},
  year = {1974},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Southern Illinois University},
  topic = {many-valued-logic;bibliography;}  
  } 

@book{ wolff:1984a,
  author = {Susanne Wolff},
  title = {Lexical Entries and Word Formation},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1984},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {derivational-morphology;lexical-rules;}  
 } 

@article{ wolfl:2002a,
  author = {Stefan W\"olfl},
  title = {Propositional {Q}-Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {31},
  number = {5},
  pages = {387--414},
  topic = {stit;} 
  } 

@book{ wolfram:1989a,
  author = {Sybil Wolfram},
  title = {Philosophical Logic: An Introduction},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1989},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415023181 (pbk.)},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ wollheim:1999a,
  author = {Richard Wollheim},
  title = {On the Emotions},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {New Haven},
  xref = {Review: harrison_rh:2001a.},
  topic = {emotion;} 
 } 

@book{ wolman:1965a,
  editor = {Benjamin B. Wolman},
  title = {Scientific Psychology; Principles and Approaches},
  publisher = {Basic Books},
  year = {1965},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0934613443 (U.S.)},
  topic = {psychology-general;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ wolper:1981a,
  author = {P. Wolper},
  title = {Temporal Logic Can Be More Expressive},
  booktitle = {Twenty-Second Annual Symposium on Foundations of
  	Computer Science},
  year = {1981},
  pages = {340--348},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher, address},
  title = {Reasoning about Infinite Computation Paths},
  booktitle = {Twenty-Fourth {IEEE} Symposium on Foundations of
  	Computer Science},
  year = {1983},
  organization = {IEEE},
  pages = {185--194},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher, address},
  topic = {temporal-logic;theory-of-computation;}  
  } 

@article{ wolter:1995a,
  author = {Frank Wolter},
  title = {The Finite Model Property in Tense Logic},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {60},
  number = {3},
  pages = {757--774},
  topic = {temporal-logic;finite-model-property;}  
  } 

@article{ wolter:1997a,
  author = {Frank Wolter},
  title = {A Note on the Interpolation Property in Tense Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {545--551},
  topic = {proof-theory;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ wolter:1998a,
  author = {Frank Wolter},
  title = {On Logics with Coimplication},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {4},
  pages = {353--387},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wolter:1998b,
  author = {Frank Wolter},
  title = {Fusions of Modal Logics Revisited},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {361--379},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wolter-zakharyaschev:1998a,
  author = {Frank Wolter and Michael Zakharyaschev},
  title = {Satisfiability Problem in Description Logics with
		Modal Operators},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {512--523},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;modal-logic;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ wolter-zakharyaschev:2000a,
  author = {Frank Wolter and Michael Zakharyaschev},
  title = {Spatio-Temporal Representation and Reasoning based
  	on {RCC-8}},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {3--14},
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ wolter-zakharyaschev:2001a,
  author = {Frank Wolter and Michael Zakharyaschev},
  title = {Decidable Fragments of First-Order Modal Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {66},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1415--1438},
  topic = {modal-logic;decidability;subtheories-of-FOL;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ wolters:1997a,
  author = {Maria Wolters},
  title = {Compositional Semantics of {G}erman Prefix Verbs},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {525--527},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {German-language;lexical-semantics;
		HPSG;verb-particle-combinations;}  
 } 

@article{ wong_jf:1993a,
  author = {JooFung Wong},
  title = {Review of {\it Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming:
  	A Student's Perspective}, by {P}eter {N}orvig},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {64},
  number = {1},
  pages = {161--167},
  xref = {Review of norvig:1992a.},
  topic = {AI-programming;AI-intro;}  
  } 

@book{ wood_d:1993a,
  author = {Derick Wood},
  title = {Data Structures, Algorithms, and Performance},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Reading},
  ISBN = {0201521482},
  topic = {abstract-data-types;algorithms;}  
 } 

@book{ wood_mm:1993a,
  author = {Mary McGee Wood},
  title = {Categorial Grammars},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1993},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415049547},
  topic = {categorial-grammar;}  
 } 

@article{ wood_o:1950a,
  author = {O. Wood},
  title = {The Force of Linguistic Rules},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society, New Series},
  year = {1950--51},
  volume = {70},
  pages = {313--328},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}   
 } 

@article{ woodfield:1986a,
  author = {Andrew Woodfield},
  title = {Two Categories of Content},
  journal = {Mind and Language},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {319--354},
  contentnote = {Appears to be criticism of Dretske.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ woodham:1981a,
  author = {Robert J. Woodham},
  title = {Analysing Images of Curved Surfaces},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {117--140},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A reflectance map makes the relationship between image intensity
     and surface orientation explicit.  Trade-offs between image
     intensity and surface orientation emerge which cannot be
     resolved locally in a single view.  Existing methods for
     determining surface orientation from a single view embody
     assumptions about surface curvature.  The Hessian matrix is
     introduced to represent surface curvature.  Properties of
     surface curvature are expressed as properties of the Hessian
     matrix.  For several classes of surface, image analysis
     simplifies.  This result has already been established for planar
     surfaces forming trihedral corners.  Similar simplification is
     demonstrated for developable surfaces and for the subclass of
     surfaces known as generalized cones.  These studies help to
     delineate shape information that can be determined from
     geometric measurements at object boundaries and shape
     information that can be determined from intensity measurements
     over sections of smoothly curved surface.
      A novel technique called photometric stereo is discussed.  The
     idea of stereo is to obtain multiple images in order to
     determine the underlying scene precisely.  In photometric stereo,
     the viewing direction is constant.  Multiple images are obtained
     by varying the incident illumination.  It is shown that this
     provides sufficient information to determine surface orientation
     at each image point.  } ,
  topic = {computer-vision;shape-recognition;}  
  } 

@book{ woodhouse:1980a,
  author = {Michael B Woodhouse},
  title = {A Preface to Philosophy},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {Wadsworth Publishing Co.},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Belmont, California},
  topic = {philosophy-intro;}  
 } 

@incollection{ woodruff:1969a,
  author = {Peter W. Woodruff},
  title = {Logic and Truth Value Gaps},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Problems in Logic: Some Recent Developments},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1969},
  editor = {Karel Lambert},
  pages = {121--142},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {truth-value-gaps;}  
  } 

@article{ woodruff:1974a,
  author = {Peter W. Woodruff},
  title = {A Modal Interpretation of Three-Valued Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {433--439},
  topic = {modal-logic;multi-valued-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ woodruff:1976a,
  author = {Robert L. Martin and Peter W. Woodruff},
  title = {On Representing `True-in{$L$}'
				in {$L$}},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {113--117},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ woodruff:1984a,
  author = {Peter W. Woodruff},
  title = {Paradox, Truth and Logic. Part {I}: Paradox and Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {181--212},
  topic = {truth;truth-value-gaps;4-valued-logic;semantic-paradoxes;}   } 

@incollection{ woodruff-parsons:1997a,
  author = {Peter W. Woodruff and Terence D. Parsons},
  title = {Indeterminacy of Identity of Objects and Sets},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {321--348},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;foundations-of-set-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ woodruff:1999a,
  author = {Peter W. Woodruff},
  title = {Partitions and Conditionals},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {2},
  pages = {113--128},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
  } 

@incollection{ woods_j:1971a,
  author = {John Woods},
  title = {Essentialism, Self-Identity, and Quantifying In},
  booktitle = {Identity and Individuation},
  publisher = {New York University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Milton K. Munitz},
  pages = {165--198},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;reference;}  
  } 

@article{ woods_j:1973a,
  author = {John Woods},
  title = {Semantic Kinds},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2--3},
  pages = {117--151},
  topic = {natural-kinds;}  
  } 

@article{ woods_j:1973b,
  author = {John Woods},
  title = {Descriptions, Essences and Quantified Modal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {304--321},
  topic = {quantifying-in-modality;reference;}  
  } 

@article{ woods_j:1975b,
  author = {John Woods},
  title = {Identity and Modality},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {69--119},
  topic = {identity;quantifying-in-modality;individuation;}  
  } 

@article{ woods_j-walton:1978a,
  author = {John Woods and Douglas Walton},
  title = {Arresting Circles in Formal Dialogues},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {73--90},
  topic = {dialogue-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ woods_m:1976a,
  author = {Michael Woods},
  title = {Existence and Tense},
  booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell},
  pages = {248--262},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {davidson-semantics;(non)existence;temporal-logic;}  
  } 

@book{ woods_m:1997a,
  author = {Michael Woods},
  title = {Conditionals},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Published posthumously.  Edited by David Wiggins, with
  	a commentary by Dorothy Edgington.},
  xref = {Review: harper:2000a.},
  topic = {conditionals;}  
 } 

@incollection{ woods_mj:1965a,
  author = {Michael J. Woods},
  title = {Identity and Individuation},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1965},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {120--130},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {identity;individuation;}  
  } 

@article{ woods_wa-makhoul:1974a,
  author = {William A. Woods and J. Makhoul},
  title = {Mechanical Inference Problems in Continuous Speech
  	Understanding},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {73--91},
  topic = {speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ woods_wa:1975a1,
  author = {William A. Woods},
  title = {What's in a Link: Foundations for Semantic Networks},
  booktitle = {Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive
  	Science},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Daniel C. Bobrow and A.M. Collins},
  pages = {35--82},
  address = {New York},
  xref = {Republished in Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque;
  	Readings in Knowledge Representation.  See woods:1975a2.},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ woods_wa:1975a2,
  author = {William A. Woods},
  title = {What's in a Link: Foundations for Semantic Networks},
  booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  pages = {217--242},
  xref = {Originally published in Daniel C. Bobrow and A.M. Collins;
  	Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive
  	Science; Academic Press; 1975.  See woods:1975a1.},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ woods_wa:1981a,
  author = {William A. Woods},
  title = {Procedural Semantics as a Theory of Meaning},
  booktitle = {Elements of Discourse Understanding},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Bonnie Webber and Ivan Sag},
  pages = {300--333},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {procedural-semantics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ woods_wa:1982a1,
  author = {William A. Woods},
  title = {Optimal Search Strategies for Speech Understanding
  	Control},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {295--326},
  xref = {Republication: woods:1982a2.},
  topic = {speech-recognition;search;}  
  } 

@incollection{ woods_wa:1982a2,
  author = {William A. Woods},
  title = {Optimal Search Strategies for Speech
	  Understanding Control},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {30--68},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: woods:1982a1.},
  topic = {speech-recognition;search;}  
  } 

@article{ woods_wa:1987a,
  author = {William A. Woods},
  title = {Don't Blame the Tool},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {228--237},
  xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;}  
  } 

@incollection{ woods_wa:1991a,
  author = {William A. Woods},
  title = {Understanding Subsumption and Taxonomy: A Framework for
  	Progress},
  booktitle = {Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in
  	the Representation of Knowledge},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {John F. Sowa},
  pages = {45--94},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;classification;taxonomic-logics;taxonomies;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ woods_wa-schmolze:1992a,
  author = {William A. Woods and James G. Schmolze},
  title = {The {\sc KL-One} Family},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {133--177},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Also published in Computers and Mathematics with Applications;
  	vol. 23; 1992; 133--177},
  topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ woods_wa:1994a,
  author = {William A. Woods},
  title = {Beyond Ignorance-Based Systems (Abstract)},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {646--645},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;reasoning-about-uncertainty;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ woodward:2000a,
  author = {Jim Woodward},
  title = {Data, Phenomena, and Reliability},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
        of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
        Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S163--S179},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {counterfactuals;philosophy-of-science;scientific-data;}  
  } 

@incollection{ woody:2000a,
  author = {Andrea I. Woody},
  title = {Putting Quantum Mechanics to Work in Chemistry:  The Power
  	of Diagrammatic Representation},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S612--S627},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-sciehce;diagrams;}  
  } 

@book{ wooffitt:1997a,
  editor = {Robin Wooffitt},
  title = {Humans, Computers and Wizards: Analysing Human (Simulated)
  	Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1997},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0415069483},
  topic = {HCI;}  
 } 

@book{ wooldridge-jennings_nr:1995a,
  editor = {Michael J. Wooldridge and Nicholas R. Jennings},
  title = {Intelligent Agents: Proceedings of the
  	1994 Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and
	Languages (ATAL--94)},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {agent-modeling;agent-architectures;}  
 } 

@book{ wooldridge-etal:1996a,
  editor = {Michael J. Wooldridge and J.P. M\"uller and Miland Tambe},
  title = {Intelligent Agents Volume {II}---Proceedings of the
  	1995 Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and
	Languages (ATAL--95)},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {agent-modeling;agent-architectures;}  
 } 

@book{ wooldridge:1999a,
  author = {Michael J. Wooldridge},
  title = {Multiagent Systems: A Modern Approach to Distributed
  	Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-73131-2},
  xref = {Review: adams_ja:2001a.},
  topic = {distributed-AI;distributed-systems;}  
 } 

@article{ woolhouse:1973a,
  author = {R.S. Woolhouse},
  title = {Tensed Modalities},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {393--415},
  title = {Automated Reasoning: Introduction and Applications},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0130544531},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@article{ wos-etal:1984a,
  author = {L. Wos and S.  Winker and B. Smith and R. Veroff and L. Henschen},
  title = {A New Use of an Automated Reasoning Assistant: Open
  	Questions in Equivalential Calculus and the Study of Infinite
	Domains},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {303--356},
  topic = {theorem-proving;computer-assisted-mathematics;}  
  } 

@book{ wos:1988a,
  author = {Larry Wos},
  title = {Automated Reasoning: 33 Basic Research Problems},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Englewood Clifs, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {013054552X (pbk.)},
  topic = {theorem-proving;}  
 } 

@article{ wotawa:2002a,
  author = {Franz Wotawa},
  title = {On the Relationship between Model-Based Debugging and
  	and Program Slicing},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {135},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {125--143},
  topic = {model-based-reasoning;diagnosis;automatic-debugging;} 
  } 

@article{ wray:1987a,
  author = {David Otway Wray},
  title = {Logic in Quotes},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  number = {1},
  pages = {77--110},
  topic = {substitutional-quantification;}  
  } 

@article{ wray_kb:2002a,
  author = {K. Brad Wray},
  title = {The Epistemic Significance of Collaborative Research},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1},
  pages = {150--168},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;social-aspects-of-science;} 
  } 

@article{ wreen:1989a,
  author = {Michael J. Wreen},
  title = {Socrates is Called `Socrates'},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {359--371},
  topic = {proper-names;sense-reference;}  
  } 

@article{ wright_c:1975a,
  author = {Crispin Wright},
  title = {On the Coherence of Vague Predicates},
  journal = {Synt\`hese},
  year = {1975},
  pages = {325--366},
  volume = {30},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wright_c:1976a1,
  author = {Crispin Wright},
  title = {Language-Mastery and the Sorites Paradox},
  booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Gareth Evans and John McDowell},
  pages = {223--247},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Republication: wright_c:1976a2.},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wright_c:1976a2,
  author = {Crispin Wright},
  title = {Language-Mastery and the Sorites Paradox},
  booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {151--173},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of: wright_c:1976a1.},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@book{ wright_c:1983a,
  author = {Crispin Wright},
  title = {Frege's Conception of Numbers as Objects},
  publisher = {Aberdeen University Press},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Aberdeen},
  ISBN = {0080303528},
  topic = {Frege;philosophy-of-mathematics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ wright_c:1986a,
  author = {Crispin Wright},
  title = {Theories of Meaning and Speakers' Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Philosophy in {B}ritain Today},
  publisher = {State University of New York Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Stuart G. Shanker},
  pages = {267--},
  address = {Albany, New York},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language;}  
  } 

@article{ wright_c:1987a1,
  author = {Crispin Wright},
  title = {Further Reflections on the Sorites Paradox},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {227--290},
  xref = {Republication: wright_c:1987a2.},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wright_c:1987a2,
  author = {Crispin Wright},
  title = {Further Reflections on the Sorites Paradox},
  booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {204--250},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of: wright_c:1987a1.},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}  
  } 

@article{ wright_c:1992a,
  author = {Crispin Wright},
  title = {Is Higher-Order Vagueness Coherent?},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {52},
  number = {3},
  pages = {129--139},
  topic = {vagueness;}  
  } 

@book{ wright_c-etal:1998a,
  editor = {Crispin Wright and Barry C. Smith and Cynthia Macdonald},
  title = {Knowing Our Own Minds},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198236670 (hardcover)},
  topic = {introspection;}  
 } 

@article{ wright_c:2000a,
  author = {Crispin Wright},
  title = {Truth as Sort of Epistemic: {P}utnam's Peregrinations},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {5},
  pages = {335--364},
  topic = {truth;realism;metaphysics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wright_ce:1990a,
  author = {Charles E. Wright},
  title = {Controlling Sequential Motor Activity},
  booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science.  Volume
  	2: Visual Cognition and Action},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {285--316},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;action;planning;}  
  } 

@article{ wright_m:1965a,
  author = {Maxwell Wright},
  title = {`{I} Know' and Performative Utterances},
  journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {43},
  pages = {35--37},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wright_ra:1975a1,
  author = {R.A. Wright},
  title = {Meaning$_{nn}$ and Conversational Implicature},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {Peter Cole and Jerry Morgan},
  pages = {363--382},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {implicature;speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@book{ wright_rd:1998a,
  editor = {Richard D. Wright},
  title = {Visual Attention},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	1. Gary Hatfield, "Attention in Early Scientific Psychology"
	2.  Anne Treisman, "The Perception of Features and Objects"
	3.  Arien Mack and Irvin Rock, "Inattentional Blindness:
		Perception without Attention"
	4.  Steven P. Tipper and Bruce Weaver, "The Medium of
		Attention: Location-based, Object-Centred, or
		Scene-based? "
	5.  Gordon D. Logan and Brian J. Compton, "Attention and Automaticity"
	6.  Richard D. Wright and Lawrence M. Ward, "The Control of
		Visual Attention"
	7. Steven Yantis, "Objects, Attention, and Perceptual Experience"
       10. Zenon Pylyshyn, "Visual Indexes in Spatial Vision and Imagery"
       11. Lawrence M. Ward, John J. McDonald, and Narly Golestani,
       		"Cross-Modal Control of Attention Shifts"
       12.  Michael I. Posner, Mary K. Rothbart, Lisa Thomas-Thrapp,
       		and Gina Gerardi, "Development of Orienting to
		Locations and Objects"
       13.  Burkhart Fischer, "Attention in Saccades"
       14.  Kimron Shapiro and Kathleen Terry, "The Attentional
       		Blink: The Eyes Have It (But So Does the Brain)"
       15.  Richard D. Wright and Christian M. Richard,
       		"Inhibition-of-Return is not Reflexive"
       16. John Palmer, "Attentional Effects in Visual Search:
       		Relating Search Accuracy and Search Time"
       17. Steven J. Luck and Nancy J. Beach, "Visual Attention and
       		the Binding Problem: A Neurophysiological
		Perspective"
       18. Hermann J. M\"uller, Glyn W. Humphreys, and Andrew C.
       		Olsen, "Search via Recursive Rejection (SERR):
		Evidence with Normal and Neurological Patients"
       19. David LaBerge, "Attentional Emphasis in Visual Orienting
       		and Resolving"
   } ,
  topic = {visual-attention;}  
 } 

@incollection{ wrobel:1996a,
  author = {Stefan Wrobel},
  title = {Inductive Logic Programming},
  booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Gerhard Brewka},
  pages = {153--189},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {inductive-logic-programming;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ wu_dk:1995a,
  author = {Dekai Wu},
  title = {Trainable Coarse Bilingual Grammars for Parallel Text
  	Bracketing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very
	Large Corpora},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {69--81},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;automatic-corpus-bracketing;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ wu_dk:1996a,
  author = {Dekai Wu},
  title = {A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for Statistical Machine
  	Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {152--158},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {machine-translation;statistical-nlp;polynomial-algorithms;}  
 } 

@article{ wu_dk:1997a,
  author = {DeKai Wu},
  title = {Stochastic Inversion Transduction Grammars and Bilingual
  	Parsing of Parallel Corpora},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {377--403},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;machine-translation;}  
  } 

@article{ wu_kj:1972a,
  author = {Kathleen Johnson Wu},
  title = {Hintikka and Defensibility: Some Further Remarks},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {259--261},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ wu_kj:1975a,
  author = {Kathleen Johnson Wu},
  title = {On {\bf C.K.K*} and the {\bf KK}-Thesis},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--95},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ wu_xd:2000a,
  author = {Xindong Wu},
  title = {Building Intelligent Learning Database Systems},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {61--67},
  topic = {machine-learning;databases;}  
  } 

@techreport{ wu_zb-etal:1992a,
  author = {Zhi Biao Wu and Loke Soo Hsu and and Chew Lim Tan},
  title = {A Survey of Statistical Approaches to Natural Language
  	Processing},
  institution = {Department of Information Systems and Computer
  	Science, National University of Singapore},
  number = {TRA4/92},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Singapore},
  topic = {probabilistic-parsers;}  
 } 

@unpublished{ wunderlich:1976a,
  author = {Dieter Wunderlich},
  title = {Behauptungen, konditionale {S}prechackte und
		praktische {S}chl\"usse},
  year = {1975},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wunderlich:1976b,
  author = {Dieter Wunderlich},
  title = {Towards an Integrated Theory of Grammatical and
  	Pragmatical Meaning},
  booktitle = {Language in Focus},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Asa Kasher},
  pages = {251--277},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ wunderlich:1976c,
  author = {Dieter Wunderlich},
  title = {Frages\"atze und {F}ragen},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {interrogatives;}  
  } 

@article{ wunderlich:1977a,
  author = {Dieter Wunderlich},
  title = {Assertions, Conditional Speech Acts, and Practical
		Inferences},
  journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13--46},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wunderlich:1977b,
  author = {Dieter Wunderlich},
  title = {On Problems of Speech Act Theory},
  booktitle = {Basic Problems in Methodology and Linguistics},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {Robert E. Butts and Jaakko Hintikka},
  pages = {243--358},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ wunderlich:1979a,
  author = {Dieter Wunderlich},
  title = {Meaning and Context-Dependence},
  booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {161--171},
  topic = {nl-semantics;indexicals;context;}  
  } 

@book{ wunderlich-vonstechow:1991a,
  editor = {Dieter Wunderlich and Arnim {von Stechow}},
  title = {Semantik/Semantics: an International Handbook
  	of Contemporary Research},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ wunderlich:1997a,
  author = {Dieter Wunderlich},
  title = {Cause and the Structure of Verbs},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--68},
  topic = {causatives;lexical-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ wurbel-etal:2000a,
  author = {Eric W\"urbel and Robert Jeansoulin and Odile Papini},
  title = {Revision: An Application in the Framework of {GIS}},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {505--515},
  topic = {geographical-reasoning;diagnosis;}  
  } 

@article{ wurman-etal:2002a,
  author = {Peter R. Wurman and Michael P. Wellman and William E. Walsh},
  title = {Specifying Rules for Electronic Auctions},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {15--23},
  topic = {auction-protocols;} 
  } 

@article{ wurtz:2000a,
  author = {Rolf P. W\"urtz},
  title = {Gossiping Nets},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {119},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {295--299},
  xref = {Review of anderson_ja-rosenfeld:1998a.},
  topic = {history-of-AI;connectionism;}  
  } 

@article{ wurzel:1998a,
  author = {Wolfgang Ullrich Wurzel},
  title = {On Markedness},
  journal = {Theoretical Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--71},
  topic = {markedness;}  
  } 

@article{ wyer-collins_je:1992a,
  author = {Robert S. {Wyer, Jr.} and James E. {Collins II}},
  title = {A Theory of Humor Elicitation},
  journal = {Psychological Review},
  volume = {99},
  number = {4},
  pages = {663--668},
  year = {1992},
  topic = {humor2;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@incollection{ xia-wu_dk:1996a,
  author = {Xuanyin Xia and Dekai Wu},
  title = {Parsing {C}hinese with Almost-Context-Free Grammar},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {13--22},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;Chinese-language;}  
  } 

@incollection{ xia_xy-wu_dk:1996a,
  author = {Xuanyin Xia and Dekai Wu},
  title = {Parsing {C}hinese with Almost-Context-Free Grammar},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {13--22},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;Chinese-language;}  
  } 

@article{ xia_y-etal:1997a,
  author = {Yan Xia and S.S. Iyengar and N.E. Brenner},
  title = {An Event Driven Integration Reasoning Scheme for Handling
  	Dynamic Threats in an Unstructured Environment},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {95},
  number = {1},
  pages = {169--186},
  topic = {route-planning;}  
  } 

@article{ xiang:1996a,
  author = {Y. Xiang},
  title = {A Probabilistic Framework for Cooperative Multi-Agent
  	Distributed Interpretation and Optimization of Communication},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {87},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {295--342},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;distributed-systems;artificial-societies;}  
  } 

@incollection{ xiong-etal:1992a,
  author = {Yalin Xiong and Norman Sadeh and Katia Sycara},
  title = {Intelligent Backtracking Techniques for Job Shop
  	Scheduling},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {14--23},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;scheduling;search;AI-algorithms;backtracking;kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ xu_h:1995a,
  author = {Hong Xu},
  title = {Computing Marginals for Arbitrary Subsets from Marginal
  	Representation in {M}arkov Trees},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {74},
  number = {1},
  pages = {177--189},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Markov trees and clique trees are the alternative
     representations of valuation networks and belief networks that
     are used by local computational techniques for efficient
     reasoning.  However, once the Markov tree has been created, the
     existing techniques can only compute the marginals for the
     vertices of the Markov tree or for a subset of variables which
     is contained in one vertex.  This paper presents a method for
     computing the marginal for a subset which may not be contained
     in one vertex, but is a subset of the union of several vertices.
     The proposed method allows us to change the Markov tree to
     include a vertex containing the new subset without changing any
     information in the original vertices, thus avoiding possible
     repeated computations.  Moreover, it can compute marginals for
     any subsets from the marginal representation in the Markov tree.
     By using the presented method, we can easily update belief for
     some variables given some observations.  } ,
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@article{ xu_m:1988a,
  author = {Ming Xu},
  title = {On Some {U,S}-Tense Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {181--202},
  number = {2},
  topic = {branching-time;temporal-logic;tmix-project;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ xu_m:1989a,
  author = {Ming Xu},
  title = {Modalities in {stit} Theory Without the Refref
  	Conjecture},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of
  	Pittsburgh.},
  topic = {stit;}  
  } 

@article{ xu_m:1991a,
  author = {Ming Xu},
  title = {Some Descending Chains of Incomplete Modal Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {265--283},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ xu_m:1991b,
  author = {Ming Xu},
  title = {Decidability of {\em Stit} Theory with a Single
  	Agent and the Refref Equivalence},
  year = {1991},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Pittsburgh},
  topic = {stit;}  
  } 

@article{ xu_m:1994a,
  author = {Ming Xu},
  title = {Decidability of Deliberative {stit} Theories With Multiple
  	Agents},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {53},
  pages = {259--298},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {stit;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ xu_m:1994b,
  author = {Ming Xu},
  title = {Decidability of Deliberative {stit} Theories with Multiple
  	Agents},
  booktitle = {Temporal Logic, First International Conference},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Hans J. Ohlbach},
  pages = {332--348},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {stit;}  
  } 

@article{ xu_m:1994c,
  author = {Ming Xu},
  title = {Doing and Refraining From Refraining},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {621--632},
  number = {6},
  topic = {stit;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ xu_m:1994d,
  author = {Ming Xu},
  title = {Axioms for Deliberative {stit}},
  year = {1994},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of
  	Pittsburgh.},
  topic = {stit;}  
  } 

@article{ xu_m:1995a,
  author = {Ming Xu},
  title = {On the Basic Logic of {stit} With a Single Agent},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {60},
  pages = {459--483},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {stit;}  
  } 

@article{ xu_m:1995b,
  author = {Ming Xu},
  title = {Busy Choice Sequences, Refraining Formulas and Modalities},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {54},
  pages = {267--301},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {stit;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ xu_m:1995c,
  author = {Ming Xu},
  title = {Causation in Branching Time {I}: Transitions, Events, and
  	Causes},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of
  	Pittsburgh.},
  topic = {stit;causality;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ xu_m:1995d,
  author = {Ming Xu},
  title = {Causation in Branching Time {II}: Structures of Events and
  	Causal Regularities},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of
  	Pittsburgh.},
  topic = {stit;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ xu_m:1998a,
  author = {Ming Xu},
  title = {Axioms for Deliberative {\it Stit}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {5},
  pages = {505--552},
  topic = {stit;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ xu_w-rudnicky:2000a,
  author = {Wei Xu and Alexander I. Rudnicky},
  title = {Task-Based Dialog Management Using an Agenda},
  booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Candace Sidner et al.},
  pages = {42--47},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}  
  } 

@article{ yablo:1982a,
  author = {Steven Yablo},
  title = {Grounding, Dependence, and Paradox},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {117--137},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ yablo:1987a,
  author = {Stephen Yablo},
  title = {Truth and Reflection},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  pages = {297--349},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;semantic-reflection;}  
  } 

@incollection{ yablo:1993a,
  author = {Stephen Yablo},
  title = {Hop, Skip and Jump: The Agonistic
       		Conception of Truth},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {371--396},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;}  
  } 

@article{ yablo:1993b,
  author = {Stephen Yablo},
  title = {Is Conceivability a Guide to Possibility?},
  journal = {Philosophy and Phenomenological Research},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {53},
  number = {1},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {a-priori;possibility;}  
  } 

@incollection{ yablo:1997b,
  author = {Stephen Yablo},
  title = {Wide Causation},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {251--281},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;action;causality;}  
  } 

@article{ yablo:2002a,
  author = {Stephen Yablo},
  title = {De Facto Dependence},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {99},
  number = {3},
  pages = {130--148},
  topic = {causality;} 
  } 

@incollection{ yaffe:2000a,
  author = {Gideon Yaffe},
  title = {Free Will and Agency at Its Best},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {203--229},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {freedom;agency;volition;}  
  } 

@article{ yager:1987b,
  author = {Ronald R. Yager},
  title = {Using Approximate Reasoning to Represent Default
  	Knowledge},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {31},
  number = {1},
  pages = {99--112},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We discuss the issue of default inference rules.  We introduce
     the reasoning mechanism of the theory of approximate reasoning.
     We show how we can represent default knowledge in the framework
     of this theory.  } ,
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;approximation;}  
  } 

@book{ yager-etal:1987a,
  editor = {Ronald R. Yager and S. Ovchinnikov and R.M. Tong and H.T.
  	Nguyen},
  title = {Fuzzy Sets and Applications: Selected Papers},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1987},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0471857106},
  xref = {Review: shen:1993a.},
  topic = {fuzzy-logic;}  
 } 

@book{ yager-etal:1994a,
  editor = {Ronald R. Yager and Janusz Kacprzyk and Mario Fedrizzi},
  title = {Advances in the {D}empster-{S}hafer Theory of Evidence},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1994},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0471552488},
  topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;Dempster-Shafer-theory;}  
 } 

@book{ yager-filev:1994a,
  author = {Ronald R. Yager and Dimitar P. Filev},
  title = {Essentials of Fuzzy Modeling and Control},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1994},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0471017612},
  topic = {fuzzy-control;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ yager:1995a,
  author = {Ronald R. Yager},
  title = {On the Representation of Nonmonotonic Relations in the
  	Theory of Evidence},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1902--1907},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;probabilistic-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ yagisawa:1989a,
  author = {Takashi Yagisawa},
  title = {The Reverse {F}rege Puzzle},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3:
  	Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory},
  publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {341--367},
  address = {Atasacadero, California},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {Frege;sense-reference;twin-earth;}  
  } 

@incollection{ yagisawa:1993a,
  author = {Takashi Yagisawa},
  title = {A Semantic Solution to {F}rege's Puzzle},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7:
  	Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {135--154},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.},
  topic = {reference;analyticity;}  
  } 

@incollection{ yagisawa:1997a,
  author = {Takasu Yagisawa},
  title = {A Somewhat {R}ussellian Theory of Intensional
				Contexts},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {43--82},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@article{ yamamoto-church:2001a,
  author = {Mikio Yamamoto and Kenneth W. Church},
  title = {Using Suffix Arrays to Compute Term Frequency
  	and Document Frequency for All Substrings in a Corpus},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--30},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;}  
  } 

@incollection{ yamanashi:1998a,
  author = {Masa-Aki Yamanashi},
  title = {Some Issues in the Treatment of
			Irony and Other Topics},
  booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida},
  pages = {271--281},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {relevance-theory;irony;}  
  } 

@article{ yang_gj-etal:1991a,
  author = {Gijoo Yang and Kathleen F. McCoy and K. Vijay-Shanker},
  title = {From Functional Specification to Syntactic
  	 Structures: Systemic Grammar and Tree-Adjoining Grammar},
  pages = {207--219},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {nl-realization;TAG-grammar;systemic-grammar;}  
  } 

@article{ yang_q:1990a,
  author = {Quiang Yang},
  title = {Formalizing Planning Knowledge for a Hierarchical Planner},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {12--24},
  topic = {planning;hierarchical-planning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ yang_q-chan:1994a,
  author = {Quiang Yang and Alex Y. M. Chan},
  title = {Delaying Variable Binding Commitments in Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International
	Conference on A.I. Planning Systems},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {182--187},
  editor = {Kristian Hammond},
  topic = {planning-algorithms;}  
  } 

@book{ yang_q:1997a,
  author = {Qiang Yang},
  title = {Intelligent Planning: A Decomposition
  	and Abstraction Based Approach to Classical Planning},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540619011 (hardcover)},
  contentnote = {This book is recommended in giunchiglia_f-spalazzi:1999a
  	as a general introduction to planning.},
  xref = {Review: giunchiglia_f-spalazzi:1999a.},
  topic = {planning;foundations-of-planning;situation-calculus;}  
 } 

@article{ yang_yb-yuille:1995a,
  author = {Yibing Yang and Alan L. Yuille},
  title = {Multilevel Enhancement and Detection of Stereo Disparity
  	Surfaces},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {78},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {121--145},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The problem of stereo vision has been of increasing interest to
     the computer vision community over the past decade.  This paper
     presents a new computational framework for matching a pair of
     stereo images arising from viewing the same object from two
     different positions.  In contrast to previous work, this approach
     formulates the matching problem as detection of a "bright",
     coherent disparity surface in a 3D image called the
     spatio-disparity space (SDS) image.  The SDS images represents
     the goodness of each and every possible match.
       A nonlinear filter is proposed for enhancing the disparity
     surface in the SDS image and for suppressing the noise.  This
     filter is used to construct a hyperpyramid representation of the
     SDS image.  Then the disparity surface is detected using a
     coarse-to-fine control structure.  The proposed method is robust
     to photometric and geometric distortions in the stereo images,
     and has a number of computational advantages.  It produces good
     results for complex scenes.  } ,
  topic = {computer-vision;stereoscopic-vision;}  
  } 

@article{ yang_ym-etal:1998a,
  author = {Yiming Yang and Jaime G. Carbonell and and Ralf D.
  	Brown and Robert E. Frederking},
  title = {Translingual Information Retrieval: Learning from
  	Bilingual Corpora},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {323--345},
  topic = {machine-learning;machine-translation;}  
  } 

@book{ yarovsky-church:1995a,
  editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church},
  title = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods
		in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
      1. Eric Brill, "Unsupervised Learning of Disambiguation Rules for
				Part of Speech Tagging"
      2. Carl de Marcken, "Lexical Heads, Phrase Structure, and Induction
				of Grammar"
      3. Michael Collins and James Brooks, "Prepositional Attachment through
				a Backed-off Model"
      4. Andrew R. Golding, "A {B}ayesian Hybrid Method for Context-Sensitive
				Spelling Correction"
      5. Philip Resnik, "Disambiguating Noun Groupings with Respect to
				{W}ordnet Senses"
      6. Dekai Wu, "Trainable Coarse Bilingual Grammars for Parallel Text
				Bracketing"
      7. Lance Ramshaw and Mitch Marcus, "Text Chunking Using
      		Transformation-Based Learning"
      8. Fernando Pereira et al., "Beyond Word N-Grams"
      9. Jing-Shin Chang et al., "Automatic Construction of a {C}hinese
				Electronic Dictionary"
     10. Kenneth Church and William Gale, "Inverse Document Frequency (IDF):
      A Measure of Deviations from {P}oisson"
     11. Joe Zhou and Pete Dapkus, "Automatic Suggestion of Significant Terms
				for a Predefined Topic"
     12. Ellen Riloff and Jay Shoen, "Automatically Acquiring
     		Conceptual Patterns without an Automated Corpus"
     13. Hsin-Hsi Chen and Yue-Shi Lee, "Development of a Partially Bracketed
		Corpus with Part-Of-Speech Information Only"
     14. Pascale Fung, "Compiling Bilingual Lexicon Entries from a
     		Non-Parallel {E}nglish-{C}hinese Corpus"
     15. I. Dan Melamed, "Automatic Evaluation and Uniform Filter Cascades for
		Inducing N-Best Translation Lexicons"
	},
 } 

@book{ yarowsky-church_k:1995a,
  editor = {David Yarowsky and Kenneth W. Church},
  title = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very
		Large Corpora},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  contentnote = {TC:
	1. Eric Brill, "Unsupervised Learning of Disambiguation Rules for
		Part of Speech Tagging"
	2. Carl de Marcken, "Lexical Heads, Phrase Structure, and Induction
		of Grammar"
	3. Michael Collins and James Brooks, "Prepositional Attachment through
		a Backed-off Model"
	4. Andrew Golding, "A Bayesian Hybrid Method for Context-Sensitive
		Spelling Correction"
	5. Philip Resnik, "Disambiguating Noun Groupings with Respect to
		{W}ordnet Senses"
	6. Dekai Wu, "Trainable Coarse Bilingual Grammars for Parallel Text
		Bracketing"
	7. Lance Remshaw and Mitch Marcus, "Text Chunking Using
		Transformation-Based Learning"
	8. Fernando Pereira et al., "Beyond Word N-Grams"
	9. Jing-Shin Chang et al., "Automatic Construction of a {C}hinese
		Electronic Dictionary"
       10. Kenneth Church and William Gale, "Inverse Document
       		Frequency (IDF): A Measure of Deviations from {P}oisson"
       11. Joe Zhou and Pete Dapkus, "Automatic Suggestion of
       		Significant Terms for a Predefined Topic"
       12. Ellen Riloff and Jay Shoen, "Automatically Acquiring
   		Conceptual Patterns without an Automated Corpus"
       13. Hsin-Hsi Chen and Yue-Shi Lee, "Development of a Partially
       		Bracketed Corpus with Part-Of-Speech Information Only"
       14. Pascale Fung, "COmpiling Bilingual Lexicon Entries from a
       		Non-Parallel {E}nglish-{C}hinese Corpus"
       15. I. Dan Melamed, "Automatic Evaluation and Uniform Filter
       		Cascades for Inducing N-Best Translation Lexicons"
    } ,
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ yashin:1999a,
  author = {A.D. Yashin},
  title = {Irreflexive Modality in the Intuitionistic
  	Propositional Logic and {N}ovikov Completeness},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {2},
  pages = {175--197},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ yates-etal:1970a,
  author = {Robert A. Yates and Bertram Raphael and Timothy P.  Hart},
  title = {Resolution Graphs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {257--289},
  topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;}  
  } 

@incollection{ yazdani:1984a,
  author = {Masoud Yazdani},
  title = {Creativity in Men and Machines},
  booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects
  	of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Steve B. Torrance},
  pages = {177--181},
  address = {Chichester},
  topic = {creativity;philosophy-of-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ yeap_wk:1988a,
  author = {Wai K. Yeap},
  title = {Towards a Computational Theory of Cognitive Maps},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {34},
  number = {3},
  pages = {297--360},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A computational theory of cognitive maps is developed which can
     explain some of the current findings about cognitive maps in the
     psychological literature and which provides a coherent framework
     for future development.  The theory is tested with several
     computer implementations which demonstrate how the shape of the
     environment is computed and how one's conceptual representation
     of the environment is derived.  We begin with the idea that the
     cognitive mapping process should be studied as two loosely
     coupled modules: The first module, known as the raw cognitive
     map, is computed from information made explicit in Marr's
     2[$\textfrac{1}{2}$]-D sketch and not from high-level
     descriptions of what we perceive.  The second module, known as
     the full cognitive map, takes the raw cognitive map as input and
     produces different ``abstract presentations'' for solving
     high-level spatial tasks faced by the individual.  } ,
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ yeap_wk:1998a,
  author = {Wai Kiang Yeap},
  title = {Emperor {AI}, Where Is Your Mind?},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {137--144},
  topic = {foundations-of-AI;philosophy-of-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ yeap_wk-jeffreys:1999a,
  author = {Wai K. Yeap and Margaret E. Jeffries},
  title = {Computing a Representation of the Local Environment},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {107},
  number = {2},
  pages = {265--301},
  topic = {qualitative-reasoning;spatial-reasoning;map-building;}  
  } 

@article{ yeh-mellish:1997a,
  author = {Ching-Long Yeh and Chris Mellish},
  title = {An Empirical Study on the Generation of Anaphora in {C}hinese},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {169--190},
  topic = {nl-generation;anaphora;Chinese-language;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ yelland:2000a,
  author = {Phillip M. Yelland},
  title = {An Alternative Combination of {B}ayesian Networks
          and Description Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {225--233},
  topic = {extensions-of-Bayesian-networks;Bayesian-networks;
  	taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ yemini-cohen:1979a,
  author = {Y. Yemini and D. Cohen},
  title = {Some Issues in Distributed Process Communication},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on
  	Distributed Computing Systems},
  year = {1979},
  pages = {199--203},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher, address, editor},
  topic = {distributed-systems;communication-protocols;}  
  } 

@article{ yen-etal:1991a,
  author = {John Yen and Hsiao-Lei Juang and Robert MacGregor},
  title = {Using Polymorphism to Improve Expert System Maintainability},
  journal = {{IEEE} Expert},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {48--55},
  month = {April},
  topic = {kr;expert-systems;hybrid-kr-architectures;production-systems;
  		kr-course;}  
  } 

@article{ yen-etal:1991b,
  author = {John Yen and R. Neches and Robert MacGregor},
  title = {{\sc clasp}: Integrating Term Subsumption Systems and
  	Production Systems},
  journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {25--32},
  month = {March},
  topic = {kr;hybrid-kr-architectures;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ yessininvolpin:1970a,
  author = {A. S. Yessinin-Volpin},
  title = {The Ultra-Intuitionistic Criticism and the
		Antitraditional Program for Foundations of Mathematics},
  booktitle = {Intuitionism and Proof Theory},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1970},
  pages = {3--45},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;foundations-of-mathematics;}  
 } 

@article{ yi_bu:1999a,
  author = {Byeong-Uk Yi},
  title = {Is Two a Property?},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {4},
  pages = {163--190},
  topic = {foundations-of-arithmetic;plural;
  	generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ yi_ch:1995a,
 author = {Choongho Yi},
 title = {Towards Assessment of Logics for Concurrent Actions},
 booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theories and Applications},
 year = {1995},
 organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
 address = {Menlo Park, California},
 missinginfo = {pages},
 topic = {action;planning-formalisms;concurrent-actions;}  
 } 

@article{ ying_ms-wang_hq:2002a,
  author = {Mingshen Ying and Huaiqing Wang},
  title = {Lattice-Theoretic Models of Conjectures, Hypotheses, and
  	COnsequences},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {139},
  number = {2},
  pages = {253--267},
  topic = {hypothesis-management;lattice-theory;} 
  } 

@article{ yip:1991a,
  author = {Kenneth Man-Kam Yip},
  title = {Understanding Complex Dynamics by Visual and Symbolic
  	Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {179--221},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Professional scientists and engineers routinely use nonverbal
     reasoning processes and graphical representations to organize
     their thoughts and as part of the process of solving otherwise
     verbally presented problems. This paper presents a computational
     theory and an implemented system that capture some aspects of
     this style of reasoning. The system, consisting of a suite of
     computer programs collectively known as KAM, uses numerical
     methods as a means to shift back and forth between symbolic and
     geometric methods of reasoning.  The KAM program has three novel
     features: (1) it articulates the idea that ``visual mechanisms
     are useful for problem solving'' into a workable computational
     theory, (2) it applies the approach to a domain of great
     technical difficulty, the field of complex nonlinear chaotic
     dynamics, and (3) it demonstrates the power of the approach by
     solving problems of real interest to working scientists and
     engineers.
   } ,
  topic = {spatial-reasoning;reasoning-about-physical-systems;
  	geometrical-reasoning;
	combined-qualitative-and-quantitative-reasoning;}  
  } 

@article{ yip:1996a,
  author = {Kenneth {Man-kam Yip}},
  title = {Model Simplification by Asymptotic Order of Magnitude
  	Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {80},
  number = {2},
  pages = {309--348},
  topic = {reasoning-about-physical-systems;}  
  } 

@article{ yokoo-etal:2001a,
  author = {Makoto Yokoo and Yoko Sakurai and Shigeo Matsubara},
  title = {Robust Combinatorial Auction Protocol against False-Name
  	Bids},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {130},
  number = {2},
  pages = {167--181},
  topic = {electronic-commerce;auction-protocols;game-theory;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ yoo:1997a,
  author = {Eun Jung Yoo},
  title = {Quantifiers and Wh-Interrogatives in the Syntax-Semantics
    Interface},
  school = {The Ohio State University},
  year = {1997},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Columbus, Ohio},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;interrogatives;nl-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ yoon:1996a,
  author = {Yongeun Yoon},
  title = {Total and Partial Predicates and the Weak and Strong
  	Interpretation},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {217--236},
  topic = {donkey-anaphora;}  
  } 

@article{ york:1992a,
  author = {Jeremy York},
  title = {Use of the {G}ibbs Sampler in Expert Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {56},
  number = {1},
  pages = {115--130},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The use of the Gibbs sampler as an alternative to other methods
     of performing calculations on a (Bayesian) belief network is
     surveyed, with reference to similar work in statistical analysis
     of genetic pedigrees.  This Monte Carlo technique is one of many
     such methods which generate a Markov chain with a specified
     stationary distribution.  If the distribution of the belief
     network is strictly positive, then convergence of the Gibbs
     sampler follows; however, the weaker condition of irreducibility
     is all that is necessary for convergence.  Practical implications
     of these requirements are discussed, with illustrations.  Methods
     for assessing the variability of estimates produced by the Gibbs
     sampler are described.  } ,
  topic = {expert-systems;Bayesian-networks;}  
  } 

@article{ yoshida-notoda:1995a,
  author = {Ken'ichi Yoshida and Hiroshi Motoda},
  title = {{CLIP}: Concept Learning from Inference Patterns},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {75},
  number = {1},
  pages = {63--92},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A new concept-learning method called CLIP (concept learning from
     inference patterns) is proposed that learns new concepts from
     inference patterns, not from positive/negative examples that
     most conventional concept learning methods use.  The learned
     concepts enable an efficient inference on a more abstract level.
     We use a colored digraph to represent inference patterns.  The
     graph representation is expressive enough and enables the
     quantitative analysis of the inference pattern frequency.  The
     learning process consists of the following two steps: (1)
     Convert the original inference patterns to a colored digraph,
     and (2) Extract a set of typical patterns which appears
     frequently in the digraph.  The basic idea is that the smaller
     the digraph becomes, the smaller the amount of data to be
     handled becomes and, accordingly, the more efficient the
     inference process that uses these data.  Also, we can reduce the
     size of the graph by replacing each frequently appearing graph
     pattern with a single node, and each reduced node represents a
     new concept.  Experimentally, CLIP automatically generates
     multilevel representations from a given physical/single-level
     representation of a carry-chain circuit.  These representations
     involve abstract descriptions of the circuit, such as
     mathematical and logical descriptions.  } ,
  topic = {concept-learning;graph-based-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ yoshimura:1998a,
  author = {Akiko Yoshimura},
  title = {Procedural Semantics and Metalinguistic Negation},
  booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida},
  pages = {105--122},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {relevance-theory;negation;}  
  } 

@article{ you-etal:1999a,
  author = {Jia-Huai You and Xianchang Wang and Li Yan Yuan},
  title = {Compiling Defeasible Inheritance Networks to
  	General Logic Programs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {113},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {247--268},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ youmans:1991a,
  author = {Gilbert Youmans},
  title = {A New Tool for Discourse Analysis: The Vocabulary
  	Management Profile},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {67},
  number = {4},
  pages = {763--789},
  topic = {discourse-analysis;corpus-statistics;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@article{ young_ma-cohen:1991a,
  author = {Mark A. Young and Robin Cohen},
  title = {Determining Intended Evidence Relations in Natural Language
  	Arguments},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {110--118},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {argumentation;nl-interpretation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ young_ma:1992a,
  author = {Mark A. Young},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Sorts for Feature Structures},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
  pages = {596--601},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {default-unification;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@phdthesis{ young_ma:1994a,
  author = {Mark A. Young},
  title = {Features, Unification, and Nonmonotonicity},
  school = {University of Michigan},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Ann Arbor, Michigan},
  topic = {default-unification;}  
 } 

@incollection{ young_ra:1999a,
  author = {Robert A. Young},
  title = {Context and Supercontext},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {417--441},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;philosophy-of-science;philosophical-realism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ young_ra:2001a,
  author = {Roger A. Young},
  title = {Explanation as Contextual},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {381--394},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;explanation;philosophy-of-science;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ young_rm1:1994b,
  author = {R. Michael Young},
  title = {Decomposition and Causality in Partial Order Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference
  	on {AI} and Planning Systems},
  year = {1994},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages, organization, publisher, address},
  topic = {planning-formalisms;discourse-planning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@techreport{ young_rm1-etal:1994a1,
  author = {R. Michael Young and Johanna D. Moore and Martha E.
  	Pollack},
  title = {Towards a Principled Representation of Discourse Plans},
  institution = {Intelligent Systems Program, University of
  	Pittsburgh},
  number = {94--2},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  xref = {Also published as young_rm-etal:1994a2},
  topic = {planning-formalisms;discourse-planning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ young_rm1-etal:1994a2,
  author = {R. Michael Young and Johanna D. Moore and Martha E.
  	Pollack},
  title = {Towards a Principled Representation of Discourse Plans},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the
       {C}ognitive {S}cience {S}ociety},
  year = {1994},
  organization = {Cognitive Science Society},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages, publisher, address},
  xref = {Also published as young_rm1-etal:1994a1},
  topic = {planning-formalisms;discourse-planning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ young_rm1-moore_jd:1994a,
  author = {R. Michael Young and Johanna D. Moore},
  title = {D{POCL}: {A} Principled Approach to Discourse Planning},
  year = {1994},
  booktitle = {Seventh International Workshop on Natural Language Generation},
  address = {Kennebunkport, Maine},
  pages = {13--20},
  topic = {planning;discourse-planning;pragmatics;}  
} 

@inproceedings{ young_rm1:1995a,
  author = {R. Michael Young},
  title = {The Role of Plans and Planning in Task-Related Discourse},
  booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
 	Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theories and Applications},
  year = {1995},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {planning-formalisms;discourse-planning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ young_rm1-etal:1995a,
  author = {R. Michael Young and Martha E. Pollack and
                  Johanna D. Moore},
  title = {Decomposition and Causality in Partial Order Planning},
  year = {1994},
  booktitle = {Second International Conference on Artificial
  	Intelligence and Planning Systems},
  note = {Also Technical Report 94-1, Intelligent Systems Program,
  	University of Pittsburgh.},
  topic = {planning;}  
} 

@techreport{ young_rm1:1996a,
  author = {R. Michael Young},
  title = {A Developer's Guide to the Longbow Discourse Planning
  	System},
  institution= {Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {discourse-planning;pragmatics;}  
} 

@techreport{ young_rm1:1996b,
  author = {R. Michael Young},
  title = {A Developer's Guide to the Longbow Discourse Planning
  	System},
  institution= {Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh},
  number = {96-1},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {nl-generation;pragmatics;}  
} 

@phdthesis{ young_rm1:1997b,
  author = {R. Michael Young},
  title = {Generating Concise Descriptions of Complex Activities},
  school = {Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh},
  year = {1997},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  topic = {nl-generation;plan-description;}  
 } 

@article{ young_rm1:1999a,
  author = {R. Michael Young},
  title = {Using {G}rice's Maxim of Quantity to Select the Content
  	of Plan Descriptions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {115},
  number = {2},
  pages = {215--256},
  topic = {nl-generation;plan-description;}  
  } 

@incollection{ young_rm2:1996a,
  author = {Richard M. Young},
  title = {Functionality Matters:  Capacity Constraints and {S}oar},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {179--187},
  topic = {cognitive-architectures;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@book{ young_s-bloothooft:1997a,
  editor = {Steve Young and Gerrit Bloothooft},
  title = {Corpus-Based Methods in Language
  	and Speech Processing},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Review: bruce:1998a},
  topic = {corpus-methods;nl-processing;}  
 } 

@article{ yourgrau:1985a,
  author = {Palle Yourgrau},
  title = {On the Logic of Indeterminist Time},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {82},
  number = {10},
  pages = {548--559},
  topic = {branching-time;future-contingent-propositions;}  
  } 

@book{ yourgrau:1991a,
  author = {Palle Yourgrau},
  title = {The Disappearance of Time: {K}urt
  	{G}\"odel and the Idealistic Tradition in Philosophy},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Review: schlesinger_g:1993a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-time;Goedel;}  
 } 

@article{ yu_p:1979a,
  author = {Paul Yu},
  title = {On the {G}ricean Program about Meaning},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {273--288},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ yuille-ullman:1990a,
  author = {A. Yuille and S. Ullman},
  title = {Computational Theories of Low-Level Vision},
  booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science.  Volume
  	2: Visual Cognition and Action},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {5--39},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;human-vision;visual-reasoning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ yvon:1997a,
  author = {Fran\c{c}ois Yvon},
  title = {Paradigmatic Cascades: A Linguistically Sound Model
  	of Pronunciation by Analogy},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {428--435},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {pronunciation-models;analogy;}  
 } 

@incollection{ zackova-etal:2000a,
  author = {Eva \v{Z}a\v{c}kov\'a and Lobo\v{s} Popelinsk\'y and Milo\v{s} 
            Nepil},
  title = {Recognition and Tagging of Compound Verb Groups in
	    {C}zech},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {219--225},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;Czech-language;collocations;
  	corpus-tagging;}  
  } 

@article{ zadeh:1975a,
 author = {Lotfi Zadeh},
 title = {Fuzzy Logic and Approximate Reasoning},
 journal = {Synt\`hese},
 year = {1975},
 volume = {30},
 pages = {407--428},
 topic = {fuzzy-logic;vagueness;}  
 } 

@article{ zadeh:1978a,
 author = {Lotfi Zadeh},
 title = {Fuzzy Sets as a Basis for Possibility},
 journal = {Fuzzy Sets and Systems},
 year = {1978},
 volume = {1},
 pages = {3--28},
 topic = {fuzzy-logic;qualitative-probability;}  
 } 

@incollection{ zadrozny:1989a,
  author = {Wlodek Zadrozny},
  title = {Cardinalities and Well Orderings in a Common-Sense Set
  	Theory},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {486--497},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;set-theory;common-sense-reasoning;kr-course;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zadrozny-kokar:1990a,
  author = {Wlodek Zadrozny and Mieczyslaw M. Kokar},
  title = {A Logical Model of Machine Learning: A Study of Vague
  	Predicates},
  booktitle = {Change of Representation and Inductive Bias},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {P. Benjamin},
  pages = {247--266},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {machine-learning;vagueness;}  
  } 

@article{ zadrozny:1994a,
  author = {Wlodek Zadrozny},
  title = {From Compositional to Systematic Semantics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {4},
  pages = {329--342},
  contentnote = {Proves that any semantics can be encoded
  	compositionally.},
  topic = {compositionality;nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ zadrozny:1997a,
  author = {Wlodek Zadrozny},
  title = {A Pragmatic Approach to Context (Preliminary Report)},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska},
  pages = {187--196},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {context;}  
  } 

@article{ zaenan:2000a,
  author = {Annie Zaenan},
  title = {Review of {\it Local Constraints vs. Economy}, by 
  	{D}avid {E}. Johnson and {S}halom {L}appin},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {265--266},
  xref = {Review: zaenan:2000a.},
  topic = {nl-syntax;minimalist-syntax;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zagzebski:2000a,
  author = {Linda Zagzebski},
  title = {Does Libertarianian Freedom Require
    		Alternative Possibilities?},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {231--248},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {freedom;(in)determinism;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zajec:1998a,
  author = {R\'emi Zajec},
  title = {Feature Structures, Unification and Finite State
  	Transducers},
  booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State
  	Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Lauri Karttunen},
  pages = {101--109},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;finite-state-nlp;finite-state-automata;
  	feature-structures;unification;}  
  } 

@article{ zakharyaschev:1996a,
  author = {Michael Zakharyaschev},
  title = {Canonical Formulas for {K4}, Part {II}: Cofinal Subframe
  	Logics},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {421--449},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ zakharyaschev:1997a,
  author = {Michael Zakharyaschev},
  title = {Canonical Formulas for $K4$.  Part {III}: the
		Finite Model Property},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {62},
  number = {3},
  pages = {950--975},
  topic = {modal-logic;finite-model-property;}  
  } 

@article{ zakharyaschev:1997b,
  author = {Michael Zakharyaschev},
  title = {The Greatest Extension of {S4} into which Intuitionistic
		Logic is Embeddable},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {3},
  pages = {345--358},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ zakharyaschev:2000a,
  author = {Michael Zakharyaschev},
  title = {Review of {\em Multi-Dimensional Modal Logic},
		by {M}aarten {M}arx and {Y}de {V}enema},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {131--132},
  xref = {Review of marx-venema:1997a.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ zalta:1988a,
  author = {Edward N. Zalta},
  title = {A Comparison of Two Intensional Logics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {59--89},
  topic = {intensional-logic;property-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ zalta:1993a,
  author = {Edward N. Zalta},
  title = {Twenty-Five Basic Theorems in Situation and World Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {4},
  pages = {385--428},
  topic = {situation-theory;intensional-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ zalta:1999a,
  author = {Edward N. Zalta},
  title = {Natural Numbers and Natural Cardinals as Abstract
  	Objects:  A Partial Reconstruction of {F}rege's
	{\it Grundgesetze} in Object Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {6},
  pages = {619--660},
  topic = {foundations-of-arithmetic;property-theory;}  
  } 

@book{ zampolli:1977a,
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli},
  title = {Linguistic Structures Processing},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1977},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444850171},
  topic = {nl-processing;}  
 } 

@book{ zampolli-etal:1994a,
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  title = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
    1. Karen Sparck Jones, "Natural Language Processing: A
		Historical Review", pp. 3--16
    2. Jane Robinson, "On Getting a Computer to Listen", pp. 17--39
    3. Barbara Grosz, "Utterance and Objective: Issues in Natural
			Language Computation", pp. 21--39
    4. Margaret King, "On the Proper Place of Semantics in
		Machine Translation", pp. 41--57
    5. Gary G. Hendrix and Earl D. Sacerdoti and Daniel Sagalowicz and
		Jonathan Slocum, "Developing a Natural Language Interface to
		Complex Data", pp. 59--107
    6. Karen Kukich and Kathleen McKeown and James Shaw and Jacques Robin and
		J. Lim and N. Morgan and J. Phillips, "User-Needs
		Analysis and Design Methodology for an Automated
		Document Generator", pp. 109--115
    7. Branamir Boguraev, "Machine-Readable Dictionaries and Computational
    		Linguistics Research", pp. 119--154
    8. Robert A. Amsler, "Research Toward the Development of a Lexical
    		Knowledge Base for Natural Language Translation", pp. 155--175
    9. Roy J. Byrd, "Discovering Relationships Among Word Senses",
    	pp. 177--189
   10. Eva Haji\v{c}ov\'a and A. Rosen, "Machine Readable
		Dictionary as a Source of Grammatical Information",
		pp. 191--199
   11. Sumali Pin-Ngern Conlon and Joanne Dardaine and Agnes D'Souza
		and Martha Evens and Sherwood Haynes and Jong-Sun Kim
		and Robert Strutz, "The {IIT} Lexical Database: Dream
		and Reality", pp. 201--
   12. Judith L. Klavans, "Visions of the Digital Library: Views
   		on Using Computational Linguistics and Semantic
		Nets in Information Retrieval", pp. 227--236
   13. Beryl T. Atkins and Judy Kegl and Beth Levin, "Anatomy of a
   	Verb Entry: From Linguistic Theory to Lexicographic Practice",
	pp. 237--266
   14. Nicoletta Calzolari, "Issues for Lexicon Building", pp. 267--
   15. Nancy Ide and Jacques Le Maitre and Jean V\'eronis, "Outline
   		of a Model for Lexical Databases", pp. 283--320
   16. Lori Levin and Sergei Nirenburg, "Construction-Based
		{MT} Lexicons", pp. 321--338
   17. Petr Sgall, "Dependency-Based Grammatical Information
   		in the Lexicon", pp. 339--344
   18. Helmut Schnelle, "Semantics in the Brain's Lexicon---Some
   		Preliminary Remarks on Its Epistemology", pp. 345--356
   19. Donald E. Walker, "The Ecology of Language", pp. 359--375
   20. Douglas Biber, "Representativeness in Corpus Design", pp. 377--407
   21. C.M. Sperberg-McQueen, "The Text-Encoding Initiative", pp. 409--427
   22. William A. Gale and Kenneth W. Church and David
   		Yarowsky, "Discrimination Decisions for 100,000-Dimensional
		Spaces", pp. 429--450
   23. Susan Armstrong-Warwick "Acquisition and Exploitation of
   		Textual Resources for {NLP}", pp. 451--465
   24. Susan Hockey "The Center for Electronic Texts in the
   		Humanities", pp. 467--478
   25. Nicholas J. Belkin "Design Principles for Electronic
   		Textual Resources: Investigating Uses of
		Scholarly Information", pp. 479--488
   26. Aravind K. Joshi "Some Recent Trends in Natural
   		Language Processing", pp. 491--501
   27. Jerry R. Hobbs and John Bear, "Two Principles of
   		Parse Preference", pp. 503--512
   28. Makoto Nagao, "Varieties of Heuristics in Sentence
   		Parsing", pp. 513--523
   29. R. Johnson and R. Lugner, "{UD}, Yet Another Unification
   		Device", pp. 525--534
   30. Joyce Friedman and Douglas B. Moran and David S. Warren,
   		"Evaluating {E}nglish Sentences in a Logical Model",
		pp. 535--551
   31. Martha S. Palmer and Deborah A. Dahl and Rebecca J.
   		Schiffman and Lynette Hirschman and Marcia
		Linebarger and John Dowding, "Recovering Implicit
		Information", pp. 553--567
   32. C\'ecile L. Paris , "Flexible Generation: Taking the User into
   		Account", pp. 569--583
   33. Yorik Wilks "Stone Soup and the French Room", pp. 585--595
   } ,
  topic = {computational-lexicography;computational-linguistics;
  		corpus-linguistics;}  
 } 

@article{ zanardo:1985a,
  author = {Alberto Zanardo},
  title = {A Finite Axiomatization of the Strongly Valid {O}ckhamist
  	Formulas},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {447--468},
  missinginfo = {number},
  title = {A Complete Deductive-System for Since-Until Branching
		Time Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {131--148},
  title = {Branching-Time Logic with Quantification Over Branches:
  	The Point of View of Modal Logic},
  journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {61},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--39},
  title = {Undivided and Indistinguishable Histories in Branching-Time
  	Logics},
  institution = {Dipartimento di Matematica Pura ed Applicata,
  	Universita' Degli Studi di Padova},
  number = {15},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Via Belzoni 7, 35131 Padova, Italia},
  topic = {branching-time;}  
  } 

@article{ zanardo:1997a2,
  author = {Alberto Zanardo},
  title = {Undivided and Indistinguishable Histories in
  	Branching-Time Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {297--315},
  topic = {branching-time;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ zanardo:1998a,
  author = {Alberto Zanardo},
  title = {Non-Definability of the Class of Complete Bundled Trees},
  year = {1998},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Mathematics, University
		of Padova.},
  topic = {branching-time;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ zancanaro-etal:1997a,
  author = {Massimo Zancanaro and Oliviero Stock and Carlo Strapparava},
  title = {A Discussion on Augmenting and Executing {S}hared{P}lans
  	for Multimodal Communication},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative
		Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {106--112},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {David Traum},
  topic = {speech-acts;discourse;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ zaniolo:1999a,
  author = {Carlo Zaniolo},
  title = {Breaking through the Barriers of Stratification},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {deductive-databases;stratified-logic-programs;}  
  } 

@article{ zaring:1996a,
  author = {Laurie Zaring},
  title = {`{T}wo Be or Not Two Be': Identity, Predication and the
  	{W}elsh Copula},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {103--142},
  topic = {identity;predication;Welsh-language;copula;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zarnic:1999a,
  author = {Berislav \v{Z}arni\'c},
  title = {A Dynamic Solution for the Problem
	of Validity of Practical Propositional Inference},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
	of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {235--240},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {dynamic-logic;practical-reasoning;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zarri:1992a,
  author = {Gian Piero Zarri},
  title = {The `Descriptive' Component of a Hybrid Knowledge
  	Representation Language},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {696--718},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ zavrel-daelemans:1997a,
  author = {Jakub Zavrel and Walter Daelemans},
  title = {Memory-Based Learning: Using Similarity for Smoothing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {436--443},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;machine-language-learning;}  
 } 

@incollection{ zavrel-etal:1998a,
  author = {Jakub Zavrel and Walter Daelemans and Jorn Veenstra},
  title = {Resolving {PP} Attachment Ambiguities with
		Memory-Based Learning},
  booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {T. Mark Ellison},
  pages = {136--144},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;word-acquisition;disambiguation;}  
  } 

@book{ zeeman:1977a,
  author = {E. C. Zeeman},
  title = {Catastrophe Theory: Selected Papers 1972--1977},
  year = {1977},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  address = {London},
  topic = {catastrophe-theory;}  
 } 

@incollection{ zeevat:1984a,
  author = {Henk Zeevat},
  title = {Belief},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {405--425},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {belief;propositional-attitudes;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zeevat:1986a,
  author = {Henk Zeevat},
  title = {A Treatment of Belief Sentences In Discourse
  	Representation Theory},
  booktitle = {Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of
                   Generalized Quantifiers},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof},
  pages = {189},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;hyperintensionality;
  	propositional-attitudes;intentional-identity;belief;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zeevat:1988a,
  author = {Henk Zeevat},
  title = {Realism and Definiteness},
  booktitle = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vol. 2},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  pages = {269--297},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-semantics;definiteness;}  
  } 

@article{ zeevat:1989a,
  author = {Henk Zeevat},
  title = {A Compositional Approach to Discourse Representation
  	Theory},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--131},
  topic = {discourse-representation-theory;compositionality;}  
  } 

@article{ zeevat:1992a,
  author = {Henk Zeevat},
  title = {Presupposition and Accommodation in Update Semantics},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {379--412},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {presupposition;accommodation;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zeevat:1999a,
  author = {Henk Zeevat},
  title = {Explaining Presupposition Triggers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {19--24},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {presupposition;optimality-theory;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@book{ zeidenberg:1990a,
  author = {Matthew Zeidenberg},
  title = {Neural Network Models in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Ellis Horwood},
  year = {1990},
  address = {New},
  ISBN = {0745806007},
  topic = {connectionism;}  
 } 

@book{ zelinskywibbelt:1993a,
  editor = {Cornelia Zelinsky-Wibbelt},
  title = {The Semantics of Prepositions: From Mental Processing
  	to Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {prepositions;nl-semantics;cognitive-semantics;}  
 } 

@article{ zemach:1974a,
  author = {Eddy M. Zemach},
  title = {Epistemic Opacity},
  journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {14},
  number = {56},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zemach:1979a,
  author = {Eddy M. Zemach},
  title = {Awareness of Objects},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second
		{J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Avishai Margalit},
  pages = {23--30},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {logic-of-perception;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zemach:1986a,
  author = {Eddy Zemach},
  title = {Unconscious Mind or Conscious Minds?},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {121--149},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {consciousness;philosophy-of-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ zemach:1997a,
  author = {Eddy M. Zemach},
  title = {Practical Reasons for Belief?},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {31},
  number = {4},
  pages = {525--527},
  contentnote = {A brief note -- the point seems to be that there is a
  	regress if the will to believe is construed
	decision-theoretically.},
  topic = {belief;decision-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ zeman:1978a,
  author = {J. Jay Zeman},
  title = {Generalized Normal Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {225--243},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@article{ zeman:1979a,
  author = {J. Jay Zeman},
  title = {Normal, {S}asaki, and Classical Implications},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {243--245},
  topic = {quantum-logic;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zeugmann:1991a,
  author = {Thomas Zeugmann},
  title = {Inductive Inference of Optimal Programs:  A Survey and
  	Open Problems},
  booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt},
  pages = {208--222},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {learning-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ zhang_cq:1992a,
  author = {Chengqi Zhang},
  title = {Cooperation under Uncertainty in Distributed Expert
  	Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {56},
  number = {1},
  pages = {21--69},
  topic = {expert-systems;distributed-systems;cooperation;}  
  } 

@article{ zhang_dm-foo:2001a,
  author = {Dongmo Zhang and Norman Foo},
  title = {Infinitary Belief Revision},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {30},
  number = {6},
  pages = {525--570},
  contentnote = {Apparently, infinitary revision is revision by
  	an infinite set of formulas.},
  topic = {belief-revision;} 
  } 

@book{ zhang_gq:1991a,
  author = {Guo-Qiang Zhang},
  title = {Logic of Domains},
  publisher = {Birkhauser},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Boston},
  ISBN = {081763570X},
  topic = {domain-theory;}  
 } 

@article{ zhang_gq-rounds:forthcominga,
  author = {Guo-Qiang Zhang and William Rounds},
  title = {Non-Monotonic Consequences in Default Domain Theory},
  journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Mathematics},
  year = {forthcoming},
  topic = {nm-ling;default-unification;}  
 } 

@techreport{ zhang_h-stickel:1994a,
  author = {H. Zhang and Mark E. Stickel},
  title = {Implementing the Davis-Putnam Algorithm by Tries},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Iowa},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Iowa City},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zhang_lw-poole:1992a,
  author = {(Nevin) Lewen Zhang and David Poole},
  title = {Stepwise-Decomposable Influence Diagrams},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {141--152},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {influence-diagrams;}  
  } 

@article{ zhang_lw:1996a,
  author = {Nevin Lianwen Zhang},
  title = {Irrelevance and Parameter Learning in {B}ayesian
  	Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {88},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {359--373},
  topic = {Bayesian-networksmachine-learning;}  
  } 

@article{ zhang_wx-korf:1996a,
  author = {Weixiong Zhang and Richard E. Korf},
  title = {A Study of Complexity Transitions of the Asymmetric
		Traveling Salesman Problem},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {81},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {223--239},
  topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;
  	computational-phase-transitions;}  
  } 

@article{ zhang_wx-korf:1996b,
  author = {Weixiong Zhang and Richard E. Korf},
  title = {Performance of Linear-Space Search Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {79},
  number = {2},
  pages = {241--292},
  topic = {search;complexity-in-AI;}  
  } 

@article{ zhang_wx:2001a,
  author = {Weixiong Zhang},
  title = {Iterative State-Space Reduction for Flexible
  	Computation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {126},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {109--138},
  topic = {search;AI-algorithms;}  
  } 

@article{ zhang_wx-etal:2001a,
  author = {Weixion Zhang and Rina Dechter and Richard E. Korf},
  title = {Heuristic Search in Artificial Intelligence},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {129},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--4},
  note = {Introduction to a special issue of {\it Artificial
  	Intelligence}.},
  topic = {heuristics;search;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ zhao_j-huang_cn:1998a,
  author = {Zhao Jun and Huang Changning},
  title = {A Quasi-Dependency Model for the Structural Analysis
  	of {C}hinese Base {NP}s},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
		Seventeenth International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {1--7},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {statistical-nlp;noun-phrase-parsing;Chinese-language;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ zheng-foo:1993a,
  author = {Yan Zheng and Norman Y. Foo},
  title = {Reasoning about Persistence: A Theory of Actions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {718--723},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;frame-problem;ramification-problem;action;}  
  } 

@book{ zhongwan:1998a,
  author = {Lu Zhongwan},
  edition = {3},
  title = {Mathematical Logic for Computer Science},
  publisher = {World Scientific},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Singapore},
  ISBN = {9810230915},
  topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ zhou-dapkus:1995a,
  author = {Joe Zhou and Pete Dapkus},
  title = {Automatic Suggestion of Significant Terms
	for a Predefined Topic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very
		Large Corpora},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church},
  pages = {131--147},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;topic-extraction;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zhou_gd-etal:2000a,
  author = {GuoDong Zhou and Jian Su and TongGuan Tey},
  title = {Hybrid Text Chunking},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational
  	Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language
	in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec
  	and Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  pages = {163--165},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;text-chunking;}  
  } 

@article{ zhou_zh-etal:2002a,
  author = {Zhi-Hua Zhou and Jianxin Wu and Wei Tang},
  title = {Ensembling Neural Networks: Many Could Be Better Than All},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {137},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {239--263},
  topic = {connectionist-models;machine-learning;} 
  } 

@inproceedings{ zhu_zh-etal:2000a,
  author = {Zhaohui Zhu and Bin Li and Shifu Cheng and Wujia Zhu},
  title = {Valuation-Ranked Preferential Model},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {647--653},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;}  
  } 

@article{ zhu_zh-etal:2002a,
  author = {Zhaohui Zhu and Zhenghua Pan and Wujia Zhu},
  title = {Valuation Structure},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--23},
  topic = {preferred-models;completeness-theorems;} 
  } 

@incollection{ zibetti-etal:2001a,
  author = {Elisabetta Zibetti and Vicen\c{c} Quera and Francesc
  		Salvador Beltran and Charles Tijus},
  title = {Contextual Categorization: A Mechanism Linking Perception
		and Knowledge in Modeling and Simulating Perceived
		Events as Actions},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason
  	and Roger A. Young},
  pages = {395--408},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;cognitive-psychology;}  
  } 

@article{ zielonka:2000a,
  author = {Woiciech Zielonka},
  title = {Cut-Rule Axiomatization of the Syntactic Calculus $NL_0$},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {339--352},
  topic = {proof-theory;Lambek-calculus;}  
  } 

@article{ zielonka:2000b,
  author = {Wojcech Zielonka},
  title = {Cut-Rule Axiomatization of the Syntactic Calculus $L_0$},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {233--236},
  topic = {proof-theory;Lambek-calculus;}  
  } 

@book{ ziembinski:1976a,
  author = {Zygmunt Ziembinski},
  title = {Practical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  ISBN = {9027704384},
  topic = {deontic-logic;practical-reasoning;}  
 } 

@article{ ziff:1965a,
  author = {Paul Ziff},
  title = {The Simplicity of Other Minds},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {20},
  pages = {575--584},
  xref = {Commentary: putnam:1995g.},
  topic = {other-minds;}  
  } 

@article{ ziff:1967a1,
  author = {Paul Ziff},
  title = {On {H.P.} {G}rice's Account of Meaning},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {28},
  pages = {1--8},
  missinginfo = {number},
  xref = {Republished; see ziff:1967a2.},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ziff:1967a2,
  author = {Paul Ziff},
  title = {On {H.P.} {G}rice's Account of Meaning},
  booktitle = {Pragmatics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
  pages = {60--65},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Republication; see ziff:1967a1.},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ ziff:1972a,
  author = {Paul Ziff},
  title = {What is Said},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {709--721},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;}  
  } 

@article{ ziff:1984a,
  author = {Paul Ziff},
  title = {Coherence},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31--42},
  topic = {coherence;}  
  } 

@article{ zilberstein:1996a,
  author = {Schlomo Zilberstein},
  title = {Using Anytime Algorithms in Intelligent Systems},
  journal = {{AI} Magazine},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {17},
  number = {3},
  pages = {73--83},
  topic = {limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@article{ zilberstein-russell:1996a,
  author = {Shlomo Zilberstein and Stuart Russell},
  title = {Optimal Composition of Real-Time Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {82},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {181--213},
  topic = {limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ zilberstein:1997a,
  author = {Shlomo Zilberstein},
  title = {Formalizing the Notion of `Satisficing':
        A Position Paper},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {121--123},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {limited-rationality;}  
  } 

@article{ zimmer:1971a,
  author = {C. Zimmer},
  title = {Some General Observations about Nominal Compounds},
  journal = {Working Papers on Language Universals},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {C1--C21},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {compound-nouns;}  
  } 

@article{ zimmer:1972a,
  author = {C. Zimmer},
  title = {Appropriateness Conditions for Nominal Compounds},
  journal = {Working Papers on Language Universals},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {3--20},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {compound-nouns;}  
  } 

@article{ zimmerman_dw:1995a,
  author = {Dean W. Zimmerman},
  title = {Theories of Masses and Problems of Constitution},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {104},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--110},
  topic = {mereology;mass-term-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zimmerman_dw:1997a,
  author = {Dean W. Zimmerman},
  title = {Immanent Causation},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {433--471},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {causality;}  
  } 

@book{ zimmerman_mj:1951a,
  author = {Michael J. Zimmerman},
  title = {An Essay on Human Action},
  publisher = {P. Lang},
  year = {1951},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}  
 } 

@article{ zimmerman_te:1985a,
  author = {Thomas Ede Zimmerman},
  title = {Remarks on {G}roenendijk and {S}tokhof's Theory
  	of Indirect Questions},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {431--448},
  topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;}  
  } 

@article{ zimmerman_te:1992a,
  author = {Thomas Ede Zimmerman},
  title = {On the Proper Treatment of Opacity in Certain Verbs},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1992--1993},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {149--179},
  topic = {nl-semantics;referential-opacity;intensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ zimmerman_te:1993a,
  author = {Thomas Ede Zimmerman},
  title = {Scopeless Quantifiers and Operators},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {5},
  pages = {545--561},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;}  
  } 

@article{ zimmerman_te:1999a,
  author = {Thomas Ede Zimmerman},
  title = {Meaning Postulates and The Model-Theoretic Approach
  	to Natural Language Semantics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {5},
  pages = {529--561},
  topic = {nl-semantics;meaning-postulates;meaning-postulates;}  
  } 

@article{ zimmerman_te:2000a,
  author = {Thomas Ede Zimmerman},
  title = {Free Choice Disjunction and Epistemic Possibility},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {255--290},
  topic = {free-choice-`any/or';disjunction;}  
  } 

@book{ zipf:1949a,
  author = {George Kingsley Zipf},
  title = {Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort: An
    Introduction to Human Ecology},
  publisher = {Hafner Publishing Co.},
  year = {1949},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0444871500 (U.S.)},
  topic = {behavioral-economics;}  
 } 

@book{ zipf:1965a,
  author = {George Kingsley Zipf},
  title = {The Psycho-Biology of Language: An Introduction to Dynamic
    Philology},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1965},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {biolinguistics;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ zlotkin-rosenschein_j:1989a,
  author = {Gilad Zlotkin and Jeffrey S. Rosenschein},
  title = {Negotiation and Task Sharing among Autonomous Agents
  	in Cooperative Domains},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {912--917},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, CA},
  topic = {negotiation;distributed-AI;task-allocation;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ zlotkin-rosenschein_j:1993a,
  author = {Gilad Zlotkin and Jeffrey S. Rosenschein},
  title = {A Domain Theory for Task Oriented Negotiation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {416--422},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {negotiation;distributed-AI;task-allocation;}  
  } 

@article{ zlotkin-rosenschein_j:1996a,
  author = {Gilad Zlotkin and Jeffrey S. Rosenschein},
  title = {Mechanism Design for Automated Negotiation, and its
  	Application to Task Oriented Domains},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {86},
  number = {2},
  pages = {195--244},
  topic = {negotiation;distributed-AI;task-allocation;}  
  } 

@article{ zlotkin-rosenschein_j:1996b,
  author = {Gilad Zlotkin and Jeffrey S. Rosenschein},
  title = {Compromise in Negotiation: Exploiting Worth Functions
  	Over States},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {84},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {151--176},
  topic = {intention-maintenance;negotiation;distributed-AI;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ zlotnik:1997a,
  author = {Martin Zlotnik},
  title = {Technology for Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative
        Factors in Making Major Decisions},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {125--130},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;decision-analysis;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ zollo:1999a,
  author = {Teresa Zollo},
  title = {A study of Human Dialogue Strategies in
			the Presence of Speech Recognition Errors},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative
	Systems},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum},
  pages = {132--139},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {discourse;speech-recognition;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zollo-core:1999a,
  author = {Teresa Zollo and Mark Core},
  title = {Automatically Extracting Grounding Tags from {BF} Tags},
  booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging:
  	Proceedings of the Workshop},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Marilyn Walker},
  pages = {109--114},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {discourse-tagging;discoruse-structure;}  
  } 

@book{ zubizarreta:1998a,
  author = {Maria Luisa Zubizarreta},
  title = {Prosody, Focus, and Word Order},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {prosody;sentence-focus;syntactic-minimalism;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@article{ zucchi:1999a,
  author = {Sandro Zucchi},
  title = {Incomplete Events, Intensionality, and Imperfective
  		Aspect},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {179--215},
  topic = {progressive;nl-semantics;intensionality;}  
  } 

@article{ zucchi-white_m:2001a,
  author = {Sandro Zucchi and Michael White},
  title = {Twigs, Sequences, and the Temporal Constitution of
  	Predicates},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {223--270},
  topic = {nl-tense-aspect;}  
  } 

@article{ zucker_ji:1978a,
  author = {J.I. Zucker},
  title = {The Adequacy Problem for Classical Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {517--535},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
  } 

@article{ zucker_ji-tragesser:1978a,
  author = {J.I. Zucker and R.S. Tragesser},
  title = {The Adequacy Problem for Inferential Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {501--516},
  topic = {proof-theory;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ zukerman-mccanachy:1994a,
  author = {Ingrid Zukerman and Richard McCanachy},
  title = {Discourse Planning as an Optimization Process},
  pages = {37--44},
  booktitle = {Seventh International Workshop on Natural
  	    Language Generation},
  month = {June},
  year = {1994},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ zukerman-mcconachy:1995a,
  author = {Ingrid Zukerman and Richard McConachy},
  title = {Generating Discourse Across Several User Models:
  	Maximizing Belief While Avoiding Boredom and Overload},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1251--1257},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {generation;user-modeling-in-generation;pragmatics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zukerman-etal:1998a,
  author = {Ingrid Zukerman and Richard McConachy and Kevin Korb},
  title = {Attention during Argument Generation and Presentation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {148--157},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;attention;argumentation;}  
  } 

@article{ zupan-etal:1999a,
  author = {Bla\v{z} Zupan and Marko Bohanec and Janez Dem\v{s}ar
  	and Ivan Bratko},
  title = {Learning by Discovering Concept Hierarchies},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {109},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {211--242},
  topic = {machine-learning;taxonomies;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zurif:1990a,
  author = {Edgar B. Zurif},
  title = {Language and the Brain},
  booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science,
     Vol. 1.},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik},
  pages = {177--198},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {neurolinguistics;}  
  } 

@article{ zwarts-verkuyl:1994a,
  author = {Joost Zwarts and Henk Verkuyl},
  title = {An Algebra of Conceptual Structure: An Investigation
  	into {J}ackendoff;s Conceptual Semantics},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--28},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ zwarts:1995a,
  author = {Joost Zwarts},
  title = {The Semantics of Relative Position},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory
		{V}},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway},
  pages = {405--422},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;locative-constructions;}  
  } 

@article{ zwarts-winter:2000a,
  author = {Ioost Zwarts and Yoad Winter},
  title = {Vector Space Semantics: A Model-Theoretic Analysis
  	of Locative Prepositions},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {169--211},
  topic = {spatial-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zwicky:1971a,
  author = {Arnold Zwicky},
  title = {On Reported Speech},
  booktitle = {Studies in Linguistic Semantics},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terence Langendoen},
  pages = {72--77},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {reported-speech;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zwicky:1973a,
  author = {Arnold Zwicky},
  title = {Linguistics as Chemistry: The Substance Theory of
		Semantic Primes},
  booktitle = {A {F}estschrift for {M}orris {H}alle},
  publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Stephen R. Anderson and Paul Kiparsky},
  pages = {467--485},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}  
  } 

@incollection{ zwicky-sadock:1975a,
  author = {Arnold Zwicky and Jerrold M. Sadock},
  title = {Ambiguity Tests and How to Fail Them},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 4},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  editor = {John F. Kimball},
  pages = {1--36},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {ambiguity/generality;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ zwicky:1976a,
  author = {Arnold Zwicky},
  title = {Well, This Rock and Roll Has Got to Stop, {J}unior's
  	Head is Hard as a Rock},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth Regional Meeting of the
  	{C}hicago {L}inguistics {S}ociety},
  year = {1976},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society},
  address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages},
  topic = {rhyme;}  
  } 

@book{ zwicky:1976b,
  editor = {Arnold M. Zwicky},
  title = {Papers in Nonphonology},
  publisher = {Department of Linguistics, The Ohil State University},
  year = {1976},
  address = {Columbus, Ohio},
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;}  
 } 

@incollection{ zwicky:1977a,
  author = {Arnold M. Zwicky},
  title = {Settling on an Underlying Form: The {E}nglish
  	Inflectional Endings},
  booktitle = {Testing Linguistic Hypotheses},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1977},
  editor = {David Cohen and Jessica Worth},
  address = {New York},
  pages = {129--185},
  topic = {inflectional-morphology;English-language;
	philosophy-of-linguistics;morphology;phonology;}  
  } 

@unpublished{ zwicky:1977b,
  author = {Arnold Zwicky},
  title = {Litmus Tests, The {B}loomfieldian Counterrevolution
  	and the Correspondence Fallacy},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, The
  	Ohio State University},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;}  
  } 

@book{ zwicky-pullum:1982a,
  author = {Arnold M. Zwicky and Geoffrey K. Pullum},
  title = {Cliticization versus Inflection:   {E}nglish {\em n't}},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  topic = {clitics;contraction;}  
 } 

@inproceedings{ zwicky:1986a,
  author = {Arnold Zwicky},
  title = {The General Case: Basic Form Versus Default Forms},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the
  	Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  year = {1986},
  organization = {Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  publisher = {Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  editor = {Vassiliki Nikiforidou},
  pages = {305--314},
  address = {Berkeley, California},
  missinginfo = {Publisher info is a guess.},
  topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;nm-ling;}  
  } 

@inproceedings{ zwicky:1989a,
  author = {Arnold Zwicky},
  title = {What's Become of Derivations?  Defaults and Invocations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the
  	Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  year = {1989},
  organization = {Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  publisher = {Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  editor = {Kira Hall et al.},
  pages = {303--320},
  address = {Berkeley, California},
  missinginfo = {Other editors, Publisher info is a guess.},
  topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;nm-ling;}  
  }