#----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Introduction to animations and creation of movies
#
# Copyright (C) February 15, 2017 -- Dr. William T. Verts
#----------------------------------------------------------------------

import time    # Needed for time.sleep function

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Here is a general purpose circle painting routine.  It has two
# default parameters, one for the outline color and the other for the
# interior color.  This means that the circle function can be called
# in three different ways:
#    Circle(Canvas, Xc, Yc, R, blue, cyan)  # blue line, cyan body
#    Circle(Canvas, Xc, Yc, R, blue)        # blue line, white body
#    Circle(Canvas, Xc, Yc, R)              # black line, white body 
#----------------------------------------------------------------------

def Circle(Canvas, Xcenter, Ycenter, Radius, LineColor=black, InsideColor=white):
    addOvalFilled(Canvas, Xcenter-Radius, Ycenter-Radius, 2*Radius, 2*Radius, InsideColor)
    addOval      (Canvas, Xcenter-Radius, Ycenter-Radius, 2*Radius, 2*Radius, LineColor)
    return

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Draw a radius 50 circle at the center of the screen
#----------------------------------------------------------------------

def Main1():
    Canvas = makeEmptyPicture(800, 600)
    show(Canvas)
    Circle(Canvas, 400, 300, 50, blue, cyan)
    repaint(Canvas)
    return
    
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Same as Main1, but constants now exposed as of variables
#----------------------------------------------------------------------

def Main2():
    Canvas = makeEmptyPicture(800, 600)
    show(Canvas)
    X = 400
    Y = 300
    Radius = 50
    Circle(Canvas, X, Y, Radius, blue, cyan)
    repaint(Canvas)
    return
    
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Make the ball crawl off-screen to the lower right (goes forever),
# leaving a trail of slime behind.  You'll need to hit the STOP button!
#----------------------------------------------------------------------

def Main3():
    Canvas = makeEmptyPicture(800, 600)
    show(Canvas)
    X = 400
    Y = 300
    Radius = 50
    while (True):
        Circle(Canvas, X, Y, Radius, blue, cyan)
        X = X + 1
        Y = Y + 1
        repaint(Canvas)
    return
    
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Same as last version, but direction of travel now stored in variables
# that can be tested or changed to get the ball to go in different
# directions. 
#----------------------------------------------------------------------

def Main4():
    Canvas = makeEmptyPicture(800, 600)
    show(Canvas)
    X = 400
    Y = 300
    Radius = 50
    XD = 1
    YD = 1
    while (True):
        Circle(Canvas, X, Y, Radius, blue, cyan)
        X = X + XD
        Y = Y + YD
        repaint(Canvas)
    return
    
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Bounce the ball off of the walls.  There are several problems with
# this code:
#    1: We still leave a 'trail of slime'
#    2: The ball bounces really fast, giving flicker
#    3: The ball bounces off of its center, instead of its edge
#----------------------------------------------------------------------

def Main5():
    Canvas = makeEmptyPicture(800, 600)
    show(Canvas)
    X = 400
    Y = 300
    Radius = 50
    XD = 1
    YD = 1
    while (True):
        Circle(Canvas, X, Y, Radius, blue, cyan)
        X = X + XD
        Y = Y + YD
        
        if (X > getWidth(Canvas)):
            XD = -1
        elif (X < 0):
            XD = 1
            
        if (Y > getHeight(Canvas)):
            YD = -1
        elif (Y < 0):
            YD = 1
            
        repaint(Canvas)
    return

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# To get rid of the trail of slime, clear the screen just before
# painting the ball by filling a rectangle the size of the screen.
# The flicker, if anything, is worse.
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
def Main6():
    Canvas = makeEmptyPicture(800, 600)
    show(Canvas)
    X = 400
    Y = 300
    Radius = 50
    XD = 1
    YD = 1
    while (True):
        addRectFilled(Canvas, 0, 0, getWidth(Canvas), getHeight(Canvas), white)
        
        Circle(Canvas, X, Y, Radius, blue, cyan)
        X = X + XD
        Y = Y + YD
        
        if (X > getWidth(Canvas)):
            XD = -1
        elif (X < 0):
            XD = 1
            
        if (Y > getHeight(Canvas)):
            YD = -1
        elif (Y < 0):
            YD = 1
            
        repaint(Canvas)
    return

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Instead of an explicit rectangle, you can use the JES function
# setAllPixelsToAColor instead, which is a more efficient method.
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
def Main7():
    Canvas = makeEmptyPicture(800, 600)
    show(Canvas)
    X = 400
    Y = 300
    Radius = 50
    XD = 1
    YD = 1
    while (True):
        setAllPixelsToAColor(Canvas, white)
        
        Circle(Canvas, X, Y, Radius, blue, cyan)
        X = X + XD
        Y = Y + YD
        
        if (X > getWidth(Canvas)):
            XD = -1
        elif (X < 0):
            XD = 1
            
        if (Y > getHeight(Canvas)):
            YD = -1
        elif (Y < 0):
            YD = 1
            
        repaint(Canvas)
    return

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# By adding a little delay after the repaint, we can reduce the
# flicker.  The time.sleep function takes in a time in seconds and
# does nothing for that time interval.  However, the sleep function
# is in the time library, which must be imported at the top of the
# program (see the line at the top: import time).  The delay of 0.005
# seconds is 1/200th of a second, just enough for the computer's
# display to settle before the erase-draw-repaint cycle starts again.
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
def Main8():
    Canvas = makeEmptyPicture(800, 600)
    show(Canvas)
    X = 400
    Y = 300
    Radius = 50
    XD = 1
    YD = 1
    while (True):
        setAllPixelsToAColor(Canvas, white)
        
        Circle(Canvas, X, Y, Radius, blue, cyan)
        X = X + XD
        Y = Y + YD
        
        if (X > getWidth(Canvas)):
            XD = -1
        elif (X < 0):
            XD = 1
            
        if (Y > getHeight(Canvas)):
            YD = -1
        elif (Y < 0):
            YD = 1
            
        repaint(Canvas)
        time.sleep(0.005)
    return

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# By incorporating the radius into the tests for the edge-detection,
# the ball now bounces properly.
#
# All animations should now follow this same basic strategy:
#    Loop                          while (True):
#        Clear the screen              setAllPixelsToAColor...
#        Draw objects on screen        Circles/Lines/etc....
#        Update object positions       X=X+XD, etc....
#        repaint the screen            repaint(Canvas)
#        sleep for a while             time.sleep(___)
#
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
def Main9():
    Canvas = makeEmptyPicture(800, 600)
    show(Canvas)
    X = 400
    Y = 300
    Radius = 50
    XD = 1
    YD = 1
    while (True):
        setAllPixelsToAColor(Canvas, white)
        
        Circle(Canvas, X, Y, Radius, blue, cyan)
        X = X + XD
        Y = Y + YD
        
        if (X > getWidth(Canvas)-Radius):
            XD = -1
        elif (X < Radius):
            XD = 1
            
        if (Y > getHeight(Canvas)-Radius):
            YD = -1
        elif (Y < Radius):
            YD = 1
            
        repaint(Canvas)
        time.sleep(0.005)
    return
    
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Instead of a infinite while-loop, we can use a for-loop to control
# the overall number of frames of animation.  Loop control variable I
# will contain the number of the current frame.
#----------------------------------------------------------------------

def Main10():
    Canvas = makeEmptyPicture(800, 600)
    show(Canvas)
    X = 400
    Y = 300
    Radius = 50
    XD = 1
    YD = 1
    for I in range(1000):
        setAllPixelsToAColor(Canvas, white)
        
        Circle(Canvas, X, Y, Radius, blue, cyan)
        X = X + XD
        Y = Y + YD
        
        if (X > getWidth(Canvas)-Radius):
            XD = -1
        elif (X < Radius):
            XD = 1
            
        if (Y > getHeight(Canvas)-Radius):
            YD = -1
        elif (Y < Radius):
            YD = 1
            
        repaint(Canvas)
        time.sleep(0.005)
    return

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# In this final version, we save each frame to a file called
# SAVE00000.jpg, SAVE00001.jpg, SAVE00002.jpg, etc.  I recommend
# creating a folder on your desktop called FRAMES to save those images,
# and open that folder in the new pickAFolder call.
# The new code inside the loop is to convert the frame number stored
# in I into a 5-character string, where the leading characters are all
# "0", and as many as are needed are padded to bring the length up to
# a total of 5 characters.  The filename is then constructed from the
# folder, the literal string "SAVE", the 5-character zero-padded
# number, and the literal string ".jpg" (note that JES does not like
# the capitalized ".JPG" so make sure to leave this as lower case).
# The canvas is then written to the named file.  Because the loop runs
# for 1000 cycles, the folder FRAMES will end up with 1000 individual
# .jpg image files.  The last two lines before the return create a
# movie object from all the frames, and then write it out as an Apple
# Quicktime movie file called MOVIE.mov (you can name it whatever you
# want as long as it has a .mov extension).  Once the movie has been
# created, all the 1000 .jpg files can be deleted, and you will have
# a nice little movie to show - the movie is stand-alone, and does not
# need the Python program to run!
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
def Main11():
    Folder = pickAFolder()
    Canvas = makeEmptyPicture(800, 600)
    show(Canvas)
    X = 400
    Y = 300
    XD= 1
    YD= 1
    Radius = 50

    for I in range(1000):  
        setAllPixelsToAColor(Canvas, white) 

        Circle(Canvas, X, Y, Radius, blue, cyan)
        X = X + XD
        Y = Y + YD
            
        if (X > getWidth(Canvas)-Radius):
            XD = -1
        elif (X < Radius):
            XD = 1

        if (Y > getHeight(Canvas)-Radius):
            YD = -1
        elif (Y < Radius):
            YD = 1            
            
        repaint(Canvas)
        time.sleep (0.005)
        
        S = str(I)
        while (len(S) < 5):
            S = "0" + S
        Filename = "SAVE" + S + ".jpg"
        writePictureTo(Canvas, Folder + Filename)
        
    MyMovie = makeMovieFromInitialFile(Folder + "SAVE00000.jpg")
    writeQuicktime(MyMovie, Folder + "MOVIE.mov")
    return